tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29652426962146820762024-03-13T11:46:27.579-07:00GET TECH ENGINEERINGAll About Mechanical EngineeringRaja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2965242696214682076.post-27326687031391437632023-08-26T04:58:00.000-07:002023-08-26T04:58:11.392-07:00Getting Started with SolidWorks<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://gettechengineering.blogspot.com/2023/08/the-rise-of-artificial-intelligence.html" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="337" data-original-width="600" height="337" src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/17485708/pexels-photo-17485708/free-photo-of-an-artist-s-illustration-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-this-image-visualises-the-duality-between-human-and-machine-intelligence-and-how-both-learn-it-was-created-by-rose-pilkington-as.png?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=600" width="600" /></a></div><p><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Introduction</h2><p>SolidWorks is a powerful computer-aided design (CAD) software widely used in various industries for creating 3D models, assemblies, and drawings. Whether you're an engineering student, a professional designer, or an enthusiast interested in learning 3D modeling, this comprehensive guide will walk you through the basics of getting started with SolidWorks.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Why Choose SolidWorks?</h2><p>SolidWorks stands out in the CAD software landscape due to its <a href="https://support.google.com/maps/thread/206368122?hl=en" target="_blank">user-friendly</a> interface, extensive features, and robust parametric design capabilities. It's an industry-standard tool known for its ability to seamlessly handle everything from simple sketches to complex assemblies. Its popularity can be attributed to its ease of use, large user community, and continuous innovation.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">System Requirements</h2><p>Before diving into SolidWorks, ensure that your computer meets the system requirements. SolidWorks is a resource-intensive software, and your computer should meet or exceed the following specifications:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Operating System: Windows 10 64-bit</li><li>Processor: Intel Core i5 or higher</li><li>RAM: 8 GB or more</li><li>Graphics Card: Certified OpenGL workstation-class graphics card</li><li>Storage: Solid-state drive (SSD) recommended for improved performance</li></ul><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Installation and Licensing</h2><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Visit the official SolidWorks website and download the installation package.</li><li>Run the installer and follow the on-screen instructions.</li><li>During installation, you'll need to enter the license key provided to you. SolidWorks offers various licensing options, including student licenses, commercial licenses, and trial licenses.</li></ol><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">User Interface Overview</h2><p>Upon <a href="https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:6179703" target="_blank">launching SolidWorks</a>, you'll be greeted by a user-friendly interface with several key components:</p><p><b>Command Manager</b>: Located at the top, it provides easy access to various tools categorized under different tabs.</p><p><b>Feature Manager:</b> On the left side, it displays the tree structure of your model, showing sketches, features, and components.</p><p><b>Graphics Area:</b> The central part of the screen where you create and manipulate your models.</p><p><b>Property Manager:</b> Usually located on the left or right side, it provides options to modify properties of selected elements.</p><p><b>Task Pane:</b> Located on the right, it offers access to additional tools and resources, such as design library, configurations, and more.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Creating Your First Sketch</h2><p>SolidWorks operates on a sketch-based modeling approach, where you create 2D sketches that you then extrude, revolve, or manipulate to form 3D models. Let's create a simple sketch to understand the process:</p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Click on the "Sketch" icon in the Command Manager.</li><li>Select a plane (Front, Top, or Right) to sketch on.</li><li>Use the sketch tools (Line, Circle, Rectangle, etc.) to draw your desired shape.</li><li>Apply dimensions and constraints to define the size and relationships of the sketch elements.</li></ol><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Turning Sketches into 3D Models</h2><p>Once you've created a sketch, you can turn it into a 3D model using various features like extrusion, revolve, sweep, and loft. Here's how to perform extrusion:</p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Select the sketch you want to extrude in the Feature Manager.</li><li>Click on the "Extrude" icon in the Command Manager.</li><li>Enter the extrusion distance and other parameters in the Property Manager.</li><li>Click "OK" to create the 3D solid.</li></ol><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Working with Assemblies</h2><p>SolidWorks is exceptional at creating and managing assemblies, which consist of multiple parts that fit together to form a complete product. To start with assemblies:</p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Create individual part files.</li><li>Open a new assembly file.</li><li>Insert the parts into the assembly by selecting "Insert Components" and browsing for the files.</li><li>Use assembly mates to define the relationships between parts (e.g., coincident, concentric, distance).</li></ol><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Generating Drawings</h2><p>SolidWorks enables you to generate detailed 2D drawings of your 3D models, which are crucial for communication and manufacturing. Follow these steps to create a drawing:</p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Open the part or assembly file.</li><li>Click on "Make Drawing from Part/Assembly" in the File menu.</li><li>Arrange the views of the model in the drawing sheet.</li><li>Add dimensions, annotations, and other necessary details.</li></ol><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Resources for Learning SolidWorks</h2><p>SolidWorks offers a wealth of resources to help you learn and master the software:</p><p><b>SolidWorks Tutorials:</b> The software itself provides tutorials covering various aspects, from sketching to advanced simulations.</p><p><b>Online Communities:</b> Join SolidWorks forums, groups, and communities where users share tips, tricks, and solutions.</p><p><b>YouTube: </b>Numerous YouTube channels offer video tutorials for beginners and advanced users.</p><p><b>Official SolidWorks Certification: </b>SolidWorks offers certifications to validate your skills, which can be a valuable addition to your resume.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Conclusion</h2><p>SolidWorks is an incredibly versatile tool that empowers designers and engineers to bring their ideas to life in the digital world. This guide has provided a foundational understanding of SolidWorks, from installation to creating sketches, 3D models, assemblies, and drawings. As you continue your journey with SolidWorks, remember that practice, exploration, and continuous learning will lead you to becoming a proficient user of this remarkable CAD software.</p>Raja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2965242696214682076.post-67452109730468732262023-08-26T04:44:00.001-07:002023-08-26T04:44:43.360-07:00The Rise of Artificial Intelligence<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://gettechengineering.blogspot.com/2023/03/best-10-solidworks-designer-on-fiverr.html" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="800" height="534" src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/3861969/pexels-photo-3861969.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=1260&h=750&dpr=2" width="800" /></a></div><h2 style="text-align: left;">Introduction</h2><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not just a buzzword; it's a transformative force that is reshaping industries, enhancing efficiency, and challenging the boundaries of human capability. From science fiction to reality, AI has come a long way, and its impact is evident in various aspects of our lives. This comprehensive article delves into the <a href="https://www.behance.net/gallery/178120381/Innovative-Mechanical-Clip-Jointer-Design-in-SolidWorks" target="_blank">multifaceted</a> world of AI, exploring its history, key technologies, applications, challenges, and the ethical considerations that accompany its rapid growth.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">A Historical Perspective</h2><p>The concept of AI dates back to ancient myths and folklore, where mechanical beings exhibited human-like intelligence. However, the modern roots of AI can be traced to the mid-20th century when pioneers like Alan Turing and John McCarthy laid the foundations for computer-based intelligence. Turing's Turing Test and McCarthy's Dartmouth Workshop marked significant milestones in the development of AI as a field of study.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Key AI Technologies</h2><p>AI encompasses a variety of technologies, each contributing to different facets of its capabilities:</p><p><b>Machine Learning (ML):</b> ML is a subset of AI that focuses on enabling computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time. It includes techniques like <a href="https://visual.ly/community/Others/science/innovative-mechanical-clip-jointer-design-solidworks" target="_blank">supervised learning</a>, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.</p><p><b>Deep Learning: </b>Deep learning is a subset of ML that involves neural networks with multiple layers, emulating the human brain's complex structure. This technology has led to breakthroughs in image recognition, natural language processing, and more.</p><p><b>Natural Language Processing (NLP): </b>NLP enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. From chatbots to language translation, NLP has transformed how we interact with technology.</p><p><b>Computer Vision: </b>Computer vision enables machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world, enabling applications like facial recognition, object detection, and autonomous vehicles.</p><p><b>Robotics:</b> AI-powered robots are becoming increasingly sophisticated, with applications ranging from manufacturing and healthcare to exploration and disaster response.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Applications of AI</h2><div style="text-align: left;">AI's impact spans across industries:</div><p><b>Healthcare</b>: AI aids in medical image analysis, <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1fDJCq3HxWNOFkjNHUFyYMNvUSEMJkEKSOzFTtSPKm8s/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">drug discovery</a>, personalized treatment plans, and even robot-assisted surgeries.</p><p><b>Finance:</b> AI powers algorithmic trading, fraud detection, credit scoring, and financial planning.</p><p><b>Retail: </b>AI-driven recommendation systems personalize shopping experiences, optimize supply chains, and enable cashier-less stores.</p><p><b>Transportation: </b>Self-driving cars and predictive maintenance are revolutionizing the automotive industry.</p><p><b>Education: </b>AI-driven tutoring systems offer personalized learning experiences, adapting to individual student needs.</p><p><b>Entertainment:</b> Content recommendation algorithms on streaming platforms and AI-generated art are changing how we consume media.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Challenges and Considerations</h2><p>While AI offers immense potential, it also presents challenges:</p><p><b>Bias and Fairness:</b> AI systems can inherit biases present in training data, leading to discriminatory outcomes. Ensuring fairness and inclusivity is a critical concern.</p><p><b>Ethics: </b>The development of autonomous weapons and the potential for job displacement raise ethical dilemmas that require careful consideration.</p><p><b>Transparency:</b> Complex AI models like deep neural networks can be challenging to interpret, leading to concerns about accountability and decision-making.</p><p><b>Data Privacy: </b>AI's success relies on vast amounts of data, but handling this data responsibly and respecting privacy rights is a growing concern.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">The Road Ahead</h2><p>The trajectory of AI is promising:</p><p><b>Explainable AI:</b> Researchers are working on making AI systems more interpretable and transparent, enabling users to understand why a particular decision was made.</p><p><b>AI in Creativity</b>: AI-generated music, art, and literature are pushing the boundaries of human creativity.</p><p><b>General AI</b>: The quest for AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) continues, where machines possess human-like reasoning abilities across a wide range of tasks.</p><p><b>Collaborative Intelligence</b>: Humans and AI working together synergistically could yield revolutionary results in various fields.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Conclusion</h2><p>The rise of artificial intelligence is a journey marked by innovation, challenges, and incredible potential. From its historical roots to its current applications and the ethical dilemmas it poses, AI is reshaping society and industry at an unprecedented pace. As we navigate this evolving landscape, understanding AI's capabilities and limitations is crucial for harnessing its power for the betterment of humanity.</p>Raja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2965242696214682076.post-36154928027767800232023-03-13T21:28:00.006-07:002023-05-02T10:28:17.293-07:00Best 10 SolidWorks Designer on Fiverr<script type="text/javascript">
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<br />SolidWorks is one of the most widely used 3D modeling software in the world, and finding an expert in this field can be a daunting task. Luckily, Fiverr has a great pool of talented SolidWorks designers who can help you with your project. Here are the top 10 SolidWorks experts on Fiverr, including the highly recommended Designexpert3d.<div><br /></div><div>I recently had the pleasure of working with Designexpert3d, and I must say that I am thoroughly impressed with the quality of his work. From the initial consultation to the final delivery, he was professional, efficient, and attentive to my needs. </div><div><br /></div><div>His attention to detail is unmatched, and he went above and beyond to ensure that my project was completed to my satisfaction. I highly recommend Designexpert3d to anyone in need of a skilled SolidWorks 3D designer on Fiverr. They are truly one of the best in the business!<br /><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://www.fiverr.com/designexpert3d" target="_blank">Designexpert3d</a></li></ul></h2>Designexpert3d is a highly recommended <a href="https://www.fiverr.com/designexpert3d" target="_blank">SolidWorks 3D designer on Fiverr</a>. This expert has delivered high-quality projects to clients across the globe. Designexpert3d specializes in creating 3D models for various industries, including automotive, industrial, and medical. They can help you with product design, rendering, and simulations.</div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>SolidWorksPro</li></ul></h2>SolidWorksPro is another top-rated SolidWorks expert on Fiverr. With over 2,500 completed projects and a 5-star rating, SolidWorksPro has a proven track record of delivering high-quality projects. This expert specializes in designing 3D models for products, assemblies, and sheet metal.</div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Omandrani</li></ul></h2>Omandrani is a <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oMlZ1C1Z5zpKpSOGsbVvi_sXQPrwMiKSIq_0CmsDigE/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">professional SolidWorks designer</a> with over 1,000 completed projects and a 5-star rating. This expert specializes in creating 3D models for mechanical and architectural designs. Omandrani can help you with CAD modeling, rendering, and animation.</div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Mandeepdesigns</li></ul></h2>Mandeepdesigns is a highly skilled SolidWorks designer with over 900 completed projects and a 5-star rating. This expert specializes in creating 3D models for products, assemblies, and sheet metal. Mandeepdesigns can also help you with rendering and animation.</div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>CAD_Solutions1</li></ul></h2>CAD_Solutions1 is a professional SolidWorks designer with over 800 completed projects and a 5-star rating. This expert specializes in creating 3D models for products, assemblies, and sheet metal. CAD_Solutions1 can help you with rendering, simulation, and analysis.</div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Ktaran</li></ul></h2>Ktaran is a skilled SolidWorks designer with over 700 completed projects and a 5-star rating. This expert specializes in creating 3D models for products, assemblies, and sheet metal. Ktaran can help you with rendering, simulation, and analysis.</div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>H3D_Design</li></ul></h2>H3D_Design is a professional SolidWorks designer with over 600 completed projects and a 5-star rating. This expert specializes in creating 3D models for products, assemblies, and sheet metal. H3D_Design can also help you with rendering, simulation, and analysis.</div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>GersonLima</li></ul></h2>GersonLima is a highly skilled SolidWorks designer with over 500 completed projects and a 5-star rating. This expert specializes in creating 3D models for products, assemblies, and sheet metal. GersonLima can also help you with rendering and animation.</div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>AAMIR789</li></ul></h2>AAMIR789 is a professional SolidWorks designer with over 400 completed projects and a 5-star rating. This expert specializes in creating 3D models for products, assemblies, and sheet metal. AAMIR789 can help you with rendering, simulation, and analysis.</div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>TehseenAhmed</li></ul></h2>TehseenAhmed is a skilled SolidWorks designer with over 300 completed projects and a 5-star rating. This expert specializes in creating 3D models for products, assemblies, and sheet metal. TehseenAhmed can help you with rendering, simulation, and analysis.</div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;">Conclusion</h2>In conclusion, finding a skilled SolidWorks designer on Fiverr is easy if you know where to look. The above-listed experts are some of the best in the field and can help you with a wide range of projects, from product design to rendering and simulation. When choosing a SolidWorks expert on Fiverr, it's important to check their reviews and ratings to ensure they have a proven track record of delivering high-quality projects. Additionally, make sure to communicate your project requirements clearly to the expert to ensure they can meet your expectations.<br /></div><h2 style="text-align: left;">Final Thoughts</h2><div>Designexpert3d, in particular, stands out as a highly recommended SolidWorks 3D designer on Fiverr. With a vast portfolio of completed projects and a 5-star rating, Designexpert3d has the expertise and skills to help you with your project. Whether you need help with product design, rendering, or simulation, Designexpert3d can provide you with the best solution.<br /><br />In summary, Fiverr has a great selection of SolidWorks experts who can help you with your project. From Designexpert3d to other top-rated designers like SolidWorksPro, Omandrani, and Mandeepdesigns, you can find a skilled expert who can meet your needs. Make sure to choose an expert with a proven track record and communicate your requirements clearly to ensure a successful project.</div></div>
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<div id="container-2aa1484edca55f866acb8d196526e392"></div>Raja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2965242696214682076.post-66086961048386506872020-11-25T09:10:00.003-08:002023-05-02T10:28:37.065-07:00Disruptive Low Carbon Innovations<script type="text/javascript">
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<p style="text-align: center;"> Disruptive Low Carbon Innovations</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Changing climate may explicitly impact fisheries including aquaculture
by affecting fish stocks as well as the global availability of a variety
of fish, either indirectly by impacts on fish markets as well as the value to
commercial fishermen and commercial fisheries of products and services.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Threats<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Environmental change may well have a broad variety of consequences for
fisheries and agricultural communities. Processes like ocean acidification,
harm to ecosystems, shifts in oceanography, disturbance of climate, and supply
of freshwater may affect the supply or viability of aquatic habitats fish.
Climate crisis temperature changes can impact global fisheries directly and
indirectly </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">(2020)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">The effect on the population structure of aquatic environments will be
greatly influenced by climate change by changes in transportation processes
which affect depletion and recruiting. The effect of the community of the
specific marine organisms would be variable for severity and course. With
swift polar ward changes in fish including plankton populations in areas like
North East Pacific, where even the temperature rise was quickly becoming
visible, the impacts of rising temperatures on aquatic and clean water
environments are also clear. Mass mortality of several marine animals, like
plants, birds, corals, even animals, has been threatened by climate change </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">(2020)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Climate change affects global biodiversity, pushing alien organisms into
environments where they could not historically flourish and replicate.
Changes in the distribution and productivity of organisms associated with
climate change would impact the nature of the environment, which will,
therefore, influence the sustainability, sustainability which efficiency of
services of citizens both locally and globally by food network processes. Research
indicates that invasion of organisms again from the northeast is now happening
and the disturbance and rivalry by invasive species tend to impact the
ecosystem by aquatic, terrestrial including freshwater. It will have an impact
on biodiversity, fish and fishing habitat safety and management; conservation
areas; including forests. Changing environmental factors are likely to add new
livestock diseases and spread some of the current diseases that threaten
important financial resources and other individuals. The management strategy
for both the status quo (SQ) preserves the existing fishing industry rate of
death (FSQ = F0). With the management approach reaching optimum economic
performance (opt), income (i.e. all deferred potential earnings) have the
highest risk-present value underneath the environment conditions. This strategy
shall be defined utilizing a defined sustainability ideal design. The fishing
death rate throughout the situation of Opt also is not fixed, as opposed to the
SQ control case, but relies upon as to how much vegetation the water has. This
strategy requires the fish catch to be decreased if stocks are exhausted as
well as the fisheries efforts to be increased if stocks are safe </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">(2020)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Innovations:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Disruptive<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">The disruptive invention refers to a product whose
application dramatically affects the operation of a business or sector. The Web
is an indication of technological revolutionary disruption, which transformed
the way industries worked and adversely impacted firms who were not equipped to
react to this </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 10pt;">("Disruptive Innovation: Change That Upends
a Whole Industry", 2020)</span><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">Originally, transformative technologies succeed poorly
because they are calculated using conventional interest indices but have
specific features that are embraced by a limited consumer group. This kind of
technologies are always effective, but they do not generally draw traditional
consumers' desires and expectations, at certainly not quite yet</span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">The idea that developed companies are reasonable when making
choices about their current enterprise renders transformative innovation
challenging. We are not willing to adapt themselves to the current environment
since they too concentrate on improving the already popular product or
marketing strategy on the marketplace. Therefore, instead of becoming a leader,
the competition is usually upset.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tesla, in contrast with the more conventional automotive makers,
requires various technologies. Its application, battery technologies and
quick-iterating capabilities are not strong for conventional car makers which
require time and energy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Netflix, with its first mail-in film rentals, was another sign of
groundbreaking disruption, not appealing for traditional consumers but only for
some adopters, who have always been accustomed to buying digitally.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Incremental innovation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Incremental innovation seems to be an enhancement of a company's
infrastructure, procedures and goods or a sequence of incremental enhancements.
The reforms seek to increase profitability, performance, and comparative
competitiveness of current goods </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">("What
is Incremental Innovation & Some Interesting Examples", 2020)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Much greater than the prior iteration of the good or service, gradual
improvements are just marginally distinct from the current case of product
terminology or service distribution.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Goods can be improved, easy to have or more appealing without modifying
their main features and programs can be rendered more competitive by
continuously developing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">A broader mass audience can, therefore, be drawn to the good or service,
whether you can provide the same quality and reliability at a cheaper rate.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">TV is indeed a typical representation of these two cases since it is
continuously developed, and different versions are possible although the basic
concept and elements remain relatively similar.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Game-Changing Innovations<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Innovative goods transforming games nearly often describe a different
genre – be it "position playing," "MP3 plays" or "non -
skid kitchenware." The vital unmet expectation that consumers have to
surround the present power structure fits both game adjustments.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">One example is the Selfie Stick. Whether you enjoy it or despise it, you
must live here. Yeah, in certain amusement parks and development conventions
they were prohibited. But what can look like a futuristic nuisance is indeed a
30-year invention. Such handily useful sticks were developed primarily to
deter camera stealing, which means those who're the best hospitality for the
distrustful traveller. Move aside: the standard small portable camera device
seems to be the only phone you want </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">("Game-changers:
8 innovations that have improved our everyday lives", 2020)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">The second Example is the coffee machine. It is not fresh since
Australians are fascinated with coffee, yet we value performance as well.
Insert a single portion of coffee grounds or espresso into another coffee pod
which greatly reduces work and attention for brewing a cup of favourite coffee.
The single coffee pot any longer! Pods, as well as their friends, offer coffee
service from the convenience of your location </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">("Game-changers: 8 innovations that have improved our everyday
lives", 2020)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Business Case<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">In this section, I will talk about the business innovation that will not
only empower people economically, but it will also help to control climate
change effectively. This business innovation product is a new emission-free
“Electric Vehicle”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Innovative hybrid vehicles (EVs) development of propulsion to decrease
Transportation greenhouse gas pollution both production and environmental pollution.
So first I will talk about this business product. As several latest analysis
reports on electric & hybrid cars have demonstrated, it seems not fresh in
the transportation industry but has resurged so much in automobile business
history which it is, in essence, a prime illustration of 'technology forever
emergent.' Such innovation is irregular in its growth, with a significant
acceleration just at the turn of the twentieth century and frequent
stops and begins in contrast with standards. Throughout the 70ies, after the
advent of environmental concerns as well as the oil shock of 1973 took global
interest to the topic of fuels, the undisputed popularity of the IC engine
contributed to a complete cessation of EV science. EV's were enthusiastic from
the early 1970s to both the 1990s, so much because upwards of one influential
study predicted the growth of a huge market, which would expand rapidly so
quickly that this would take just a few decades for anyone to achieve a
percentage of about 10% towards 25% including its automotive industry<span style="background: white;"> ("ERIEP", 2020)</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">This Electric Vehicle is a Disruptive innovation type and must be an emission-free
vehicle. Let us rethink our concept for disruptive technology, which is easier,
more accessible, smaller, quick evolving and wider in terms of effect, to
address this issue. The EV seems simpler; it has a single component (the
engine) although an ICE car requires a wide number of moving components. The EV
needs less repair and is thus more efficient. However, the electric motor is
generally highly efficient than that of an ICE that implies lower running and
sustaining costs directly. So, it is no wonder how an EV is better with a
similar specification (strength, pace, torque) <span style="background: white;">(Sanketh,
2020).</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Now I will talk about the early adaptors of this business innovation
product. There seem to be several people entering the campaign each day for
this electric vehicle (EV), but we remain in this process of "early
acceptance" of the switch to transport capacity. Why can people who
purchased short distance EVs years earlier manage one which? Early buyers amazingly
early? Late adopters? These super early adopters have some special features,
and most everyone who buys new short-range Evs now or for the next months<span style="background: white;"> (Shahan & Shahan, 2020)</span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Electrical vehicles have very much smaller per mile "air"
prices, fewer components (so servicing would, therefore, be less) and run much
faster and more efficiently than traditional diesel as well as
gasoline automobiles. High-end consumers VKT moves less in cities most
often. EVs prove to be more affordable to an Application category of annual
minimum VKT, however not too big VKT (whose expense effective is diesel). EV
consumers in big cities (with such a population of over 100,000) are quite rare
(in Total cost of ownership terms). It is expected that EV customers are
full-time and part-time workers in low and mid-sized towns (0 and 50,000
natives). Micro to bigger-sized cities, EVs seem to be the largest owned (down
around 50,000 or fewer than 100,000)<span style="background: white;"> (2020)</span>.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Now I will talk about how this innovative product will be useful for the
reduction of GHG and all other kinds of emissions. As per the United States,
The EPA relates about a third including half of the air pollution overall to
three main toxic substances: carbon monoxide or ( CO), nitrogen oxide,
including hydrocarbons ( HC) about one-third 1/3rd and one-fourth. EPA is
an automotive emissions authority. For certain metropolitan centres in the The United States, their influence is much greater. EVs are generating even lower
pollution, particularly when considering electric pollutants, than nicest
internal combustion engines. In comparison to gasoline cars which generate
combustion contaminants from the tailpipes and hydrocarbons that have been
evaporated from of the fuel tank, EVs do not generate toxic emissions. EVs are
safer during usable automotive existence than gas-powered cars. Because
electric cars do not consume gasoline, pollution electronic components cannot
be damaged or malfunction. Through this way, EVs retain their marginal
pollution consumption levels, unlike mainstream cars that continue to pollute
even more when they grow aged. The nearest alternative to an economically
sustainable mobility tool is an electric car. To fill the storage and likely to
remove the storage the only detrimental consequences on the atmosphere will be
the production of energy (even though recycling can refute this). However, if
the eventual price of EV is potentially higher than that of gasoline-powered
vehicles, the average product lifecycle expense of Evs will be smaller. Unsatisfactory
batteries have been the only big barriers to commonly utilized <span style="background: white;">("Innovations: Electric Vehicles", 2020)</span>.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Electric cars (EVs) are a crucial factor in meeting global warming
goals. These are greatly affected by mitigating routes, which restrict
temperatures to below even 2C as well as 1.5C, which again is compatible with
the goals of the Paris accord. You can further reduce the toxic air pollution
through diesel emissions by opting to use an EV. The emissions of an EV are
zero. You will reduce the (GHG) greenhouse gas emission by using clean
energies to recycle your power. In each day, rather than the network, the
EV will be recharged through everyone's solar energy. Another suggestion is to
acquire renewable energy from the store. So, any gas emissions remain high only
though you refuel that EV mostly from the grid. This is also a desire to render
EV development and products are more environmentally sustainable. Ford Fusion
Electric makes of recycled fabrics and the fabric comprises of renewable
compounds. The structure and interior trim of the other Nissan Leaf
comprise mainly of natural products including certain water filtered reused,
bottles, discarded automotive parts and consumer products of second hand <span style="background: white;">("Benefits of Electric Cars", 2020)</span>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Conclusion:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;">After analyzing the whole business case and its effects I can say now
that the worldwide supply of electric vehicles throughout 2018 has grown by 5
million and that is a 63 per cent rise and over the recent year. The figure has
risen steadily over the last two decades. In China, about 45% of the hybrid car
has been on the track in 2018 — two or three million in all — compared with 39%
throughout 2017. In contrast, 24% of both the industrial fleet was in Europe as
well as 22% throughout the US. Electrical vehicles have very much smaller per
mile "air" prices, fewer components (so servicing would, therefore,
be less) and run much faster and more efficiently than traditional diesel as
well as gasoline automobiles. Electric cars (EVs) are a crucial factor in
meeting global warming goals. EVs do not generate toxic emissions. EVs are
safer during usable automotive existence than gas-powered cars. You can further
reduce the toxic air pollution through diesel emissions by opting to use an EV.
The emissions of an EV are zero. You will reduce the (GHG) greenhouse gas
emission by using clean energies to recycle your power. In the end, I concluded
that Electric vehicles are of a disruptive type and have a wide range of
applications from low to high level and these have very less GHG emissions as
compare to the others vehicle systems. So, these electric vehicles are the best
alternative for reducing toxic emissions and growing economically.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0in;"><span style="color: black;">References<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 9pt 22.5pt; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">(2020).
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<p style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 9pt 22.5pt; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><i><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">ERIEP</span></i><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">. Revel.unice.fr. (2020). Retrieved 31
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<p style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 9pt 22.5pt; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Shahan, C.,
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<div id="container-2aa1484edca55f866acb8d196526e392"></div>Raja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.com0Schubertstraße 49, 15234 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany52.3566599 14.488823724.046426063821151 -20.667426300000002 80.666893736178849 49.6450737tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2965242696214682076.post-22655909144174580962020-11-25T08:48:00.010-08:002023-05-02T10:28:53.600-07:00Design of an Interchangeable Battery pack system for Electric vehicles<script type="text/javascript">
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<p style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 24px; text-align: justify;">Design of an Interchangeable Battery pack system for Electric vehicles</span></p><h1 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Introduction &
Background</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">Before we open
the discussion of our topic, we must understand the very topic that will help
us explore further. the topic on hand envisages two important terms mainly the
interchangeable battery pack systems and electric cars. The interchangeable
batteries are the one that could be removed and changed just like the
flashlights of a car. These interchangeable batteries have lent the dimensions
of modularity in our design structures that not only make the manufacturing
cost of the product go lower than usual but also increase the sustainability of
the product. Electric cars, on the other hand, are one of the most important
inventions of mankind. These are vehicles than run completely or partially on
electricity and hence save fuel. This means that these are economically viable
products that lessen the production of greenhouse gasses along with harmful
carbon compounds and save fuel which is a non-renewable energy source. There
are many types of electric cars available in the market, but over here we are
concerned with battery-electric cars. Battery electric cars use only
electricity as their fuel and no other type of fuel. These are the greenest
cars available in the market. The fact that they are operated by the help of
batteries gives rise to other concerns which include issues such as recharging
of the battery. Hence, any such car should be purchased after analysis what
exactly is the intended purpose of the car and how much is it going to be used.
With the advancement in technology and the creation of interchangeable batteries,
the use of these cars has become more widespread. The option available in the
form of changing your used battery with the one that is fully charged is
considered as the biggest convenience so far. In the case of electric vehicles,
this aspect of modularity has been the greatest invention of all time. the ease
of facility that is provided by the interchangeable batteries in case of
electric vehicles is something that adds to the overall level of robustness of
the product. But with benefits come in the harmful impacts of these things.
Although the idea of changing your car batteries at any place in any time may
be something of convenience these interchangeable batteries can also impact the
robustness of the design when coming from different sources. These different
sources add in different types of variabilities to the design and affect its
overall functioning. However, despite all these concerns, the importance of
these interchangeable batteries can never be neglected as it has made the life
of a lot of people easier.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">The induction of
the product is no doubt a challenge. It is going to be difficult to make people
understand the usability of our batteries and then the importance of these
batteries. However, the use of electric vehicles by people has made our job a
lot easier. People who are already using electric vehicles understand the
necessity and the importance of the interchangeable batteries that we are
offering, and we expect them to adopt them as soon as possible. This paper,
however, discusses the design of these interchangeable batteries which will
make understanding of the working of the batteries even simple. The paper
continuously emphasizes that during the whole process of designing we have
always kept the idea of the safety of our users in our minds. After reading it
people would be better able to understand the use and purpose of the batteries
and they will also be able to gauge the durability of the product <o:p></o:p></p>
<h1 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><a name="_Toc45011088"><b><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aims & Objectives</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">The aims and
objectives of this very paper envisage a complete and clear understanding of
what an interchangeable battery is and how is it used in electric vehicles. A
basic design for the interchangeable batteries so that the electric vehicles
could function well. To do so we are going to explore step by step the creation
process of such batteries with mentioning of all the materials that are
required during the process. To make understanding of things easier over here
we will try to discuss the design of a prototype of such a battery that is
specifically designed for electric cars. One important aspect that the design
must envisage is the inculcation of high-energy efficiency into the design.
This high energy efficiency is produced by the chain of reactions that will
take place inside the battery. The other important thing that must be present
in the design is the production of a high voltage. The greater the voltage
product the more robust our design will be. Finally, the recharging o the
battery. The recharging of the battery is the most important aspect that
impacts the usability of the battery. All this means that after the usage the
battery must be easy and convenient to charge. It should be recharged in the minimum
time possible so that it could be reused again. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">The design must
also incorporate aspects of safety into it. Which means that the reactions
taking place inside the battery that are responsible for the production of
voltage should not cause the swelling of the battery as the swelling could lead
to a huge explosion. The safety of the passenger must be given the utmost
importance while designing the battery. Along with all this, the design should
be durable. This means that it must have a long usage life and must be able to
satisfy the buyer. In this regard, we can say that the heat that is produced
inside the battery during all the reactions that are taking place inside the
battery, should be dissipated evenly throughout the battery. This even
dispersion of thermal energy can reduce the risk of premature failure of the
battery.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">After having a clear view of what are the aims and objectives of the very design that we
aspire to achieve we must now delve into the technicalities of the subject.
presented below is a step by step explanation of the methodology adopted to
achieve the desired design of the interchangeable batteries for our electric
cars. One thing that’s noteworthy here is that one design may not be able to
give the desired results in every electric car however, we do aim to design a
battery that could be used in as many different designs of electric cars as
possible. The design suggested is the most practicable of all the designs that
have been presented up till now and fulfil all the benchmarks that have been
mentioned in our aims and objectives.<o:p></o:p></p>
<h1 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><a name="_Toc45011089"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Discussion & Methodolog</span></b></a><a name="_Toc45011090"></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc45011090;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">y</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc45011090;">After having a vague idea of what do we
expect from the design of our interchangeable battery for an electric car, we
must now delve into the mechanics of obtaining the design. First, we will start
with the numerical design that explains how the numeric would work for our
design.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The very first thing that comes
into our mind when we think about any battery is the endplates of the battery.
Our interchangeable batteries, in the same way, are destiny bound to have
endplates that will help in their proper functioning. In our design, we intend
to design corrugated endplates for our batteries. These corrugated endplates
provide maximum strength of bending to the battery when the swelling takes
place. Their strength, however, does not indicate that their weight must be
high. These corrugated plates are designed in a way that lends them maximum
strength with minimum weight. This also lowers the manufacturing cost of the
battery overall. Moving on to the barriers of the battery. It is important to
know the function of the barrier to understanding its design. A barrier is
present between the battery and its main purpose is to pass some cool air to
bring down the temperature of the battery. It makes room for the air to pass
through. In our design, we intend to make use of channel type barriers that
will serve the purpose best for us. The most critical aspect of our design is
making a flow channel. The purpose of this flow channel is to reduce the
conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy that is usually taking place
during the whole charging and discharging process. This flow channel comprises
a cool system that works in various ways to achieve the main goal. It might
even the temperature difference between the two batteries or it may keep the
temperature rise inside a battery even. In this way, the flow channel acts as a
core to the design and helps to achieve the desired results. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc45011090;">Now after looking at the mechanics of the
design of our interchangeable batteries we must delve into the practicality or
the viability of our batteries. All this means whether we have researched and
experimented enough to be sure that our design serves the purpose best and the
methods and functions of each of the part of the interchangeable battery are
fulfilled by them. for this experimental verification, several tests have been
conducted that include the pressure and temperature drop tests and the dynamic
strain and pressure tests. All these tests have produced results that are
completely in favour of our design. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc45011090;">Thus, after detailed research and in numerous
experiments the design presented above is one of the most robust design and
would hopefully serve the purpose well. One important thing to note here is
that design has so far considered all the main goals that were presents din the
aims and objectives of this very paper except for the recharging point which is to
be discussed later.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc45011090;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Concise Plan with a Gantt chart</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc45011090;">Here is a pictorial representation of how the
plan for the design of these interchangeable batteries for electric cars should
work. The very basic step that we started with was the use of extensive
research to obtain as much data on the subject as possible. After the research,
we spent time designing the basic aims and objectives for the design and its
functionality. Moving further major time is to be spent on experimenting with
the design and then later its verification. The final step is testing the
design for the purpose it was built for.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc45011090;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_9JZbmv4jaWJIGtE8Zw91gN2RCjomFX-M4GWwJsCyUQ1kDxcjBMYJVWOeLogJJ_ILo4ZAuaNOe8UHPOhaOtsnSyGzeQpqOnC1B39-5DmbHbODCiJ1hBue9rPDvjQuLJDjpnIl-pQLt8w/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Design of an Interchangeable Battery pack system for Electric vehicles" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="576" height="373" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_9JZbmv4jaWJIGtE8Zw91gN2RCjomFX-M4GWwJsCyUQ1kDxcjBMYJVWOeLogJJ_ILo4ZAuaNOe8UHPOhaOtsnSyGzeQpqOnC1B39-5DmbHbODCiJ1hBue9rPDvjQuLJDjpnIl-pQLt8w/w640-h373/image.png" title="Design of an Interchangeable Battery pack system for Electric vehicles" width="640" /></a></div><p></p>
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<h1 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc45011090;"><b><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Literature Review</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">As we have seen,
that with the advancement of technology and the drive to thrive people have
adapted over time. they are continuously switching from their prior primitive
ways to new modern and healthy ways. The switch was essential as the prior
activities posed serious threats to the sustainability of our mother earth. The
fuel cars that have been used until the date emit gasses that not only threaten
the survival of human beings but also our planet. With an intension to improve
and develop something sustainable the electric vehicles were introduced to the
markets and were happily opted by the people. People wanted to inculcate this
change in their lives, and they wanted to switch to more sustainable ways.
These electrics cars are considered the greenest cars that have crawled the
earth as instead of fuel in the form of diesel or petroleum these cars used
electricity. The use of electricity not only prevented the emission of
greenhouse gasses but also prevented the production of harmful carbon
substances that adversely impacted life on earth. After their introduction,
their use was limited as they operate don batteries that exhausted too fast and
could be used for a limited distance only. Then came in the invention of
interchangeable batteries for the electric vehicles. These batteries improved
the functioning of our electric cars as they provided the option to change
batteries when they get exhausted. This introduction changed the whole
perspective that people held regarding the product. They happily opted for
electric cars with interchangeable batteries. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">Hence, much
research has been done to design the best interchangeable batteries for our
electric cars. There are many types of interchangeable batteries present in the
market. Each one is suited best for its intended purpose. All this has
revolutionized the automotive industry and they are more eager to provide the
very option of interchanging batteries of their cars.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">Therefore, we
must give more importance to more sustainable ways and try to achieve the
desired results. <o:p></o:p></p>
<h1 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><a name="_Toc45011092"><b><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;">Obstacles in </span></b></a><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">work and how do we overcome
them</span><span style="color: #4472c4;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">Many obstacles
were faced during the basic designing process. The very idea of providing the
option of interchangeability added to the uncertainty associated with the
product. There are many concerns associated with the product still. The idea
that these batteries, if not designed well, could lead to big mishaps was
enough to set us back but after extensive research and multiple testing, we
were able to lay off the doubts. The very first obstacle was the design of a
battery that was lightweight and could be interchanged easily. To do so we must
consider numerous design changes in different modules of the battery and choose
the ones that were most fitted to the goals. The next obstacle was to design a
system for even cooling of the batteries. Again, many possible ways were
suggested that included changing the alignment of the batteries so that they
could dissipate the thermal energy well. However, opting for a better cooling
system was preferred by all. Something that was well incorporated into our
design was preferred more as it increased the durability of the batteries. The
final step was the constant swelling of the batteries that occurred due to the
reactions. This swelling was one of the most crucial concern as it could lead
to explosions and could lead to greater loss. Hence, we designed and tested
different batteries and came up with the one the dealt with the issue most efficiently.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<h1 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><a name="_Toc45011093"><b><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Conclusion</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">Thus, to sum up,
no change is easy. All this means that no doubt the introduction of the
electric cars was welcomed by all due to the greater good and the
sustainability that the design offered but still, people were hesitant to opt
for it in the beginning. In the same way, our design may add to the robustness
of the electric cars, but it is going to face some backlash. However, we have
tried our level best to come up with something that not only adds to the
greater good but is also durable. The extensive research conducted should not
go in vain. Although it will take people some time to understand what we have
introduced. Hence, this paper was a brief introduction to the design of
interchangeable batteries that helped people understand the core of our
product. The aims and objectives regarding the product have been set after
reading multiple research papers published by well-known people. All this adds
to the convenience of our people. The purpose is still to improve and to
thrive. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<h1 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><a name="_Toc45011094"><b><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">References</span></b></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc45011094;"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -28.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Arora, Shashank, and Ajay Kapoor.
“Mechanical Design and Packaging of Battery Packs for Electric Vehicles:
Semantic Scholar.” <i>Undefined</i>, 1 Jan. 1970,
www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mechanical-Design-and-Packaging-of-Battery-Packs-Arora-Kapoor/8ee80fd24b983ad892a7cd07c149b486da1ebdaf.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -28.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Arora, Shashank, and Ajay Kapoor.
“Mechanical Design and Packaging of Battery Packs for Electric Vehicles.” <i>Aalto
University</i>, 1 Jan. 2018,
research.aalto.fi/en/publications/mechanical-design-and-packaging-of-battery-packs-for-electric-veh.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -28.35pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Multi-Timescale Parametric
Electrical Battery Model for Use in Dynamic Electric Vehicle Simulations - IEEE
Journals & Magazine</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,
ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7469782.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div id="container-2aa1484edca55f866acb8d196526e392"></div>Raja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.com0Georgia, USA32.1656221 -82.900075117.883901656699933 -100.4782001 46.447342543300067 -65.3219501tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2965242696214682076.post-23160634360754415522020-04-27T04:47:00.002-07:002023-05-02T10:29:05.321-07:00Design of Hollow pipe using Solidworks<script type="text/javascript">
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<h2 style="text-align: center;">
Design of Hollow pipe using Solidworks</h2>
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<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Steps</h3>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>First of all select a plane and click sketch icon</li>
<li>Click the circle icon and draw a circle of the required diameter</li>
<li>Extrude this circle to the required length by clicking the thin feature button in the dropdown list.</li>
<li>Render the Sketch</li>
<li>Save this file</li>
<li>A hollow pipe has been designed</li>
</ol>
<br />
Watch the below video for designing hollow pipe in Solidworks<br />
<br />
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<div id="container-2aa1484edca55f866acb8d196526e392"></div>Raja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2965242696214682076.post-61017949514576918552019-12-22T05:21:00.002-08:002023-05-02T10:29:19.530-07:00PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS-PV SYSTEM<script type="text/javascript">
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: purple;">PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS-PV SYSTEM</span></h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: purple;">PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS</span></h3>
The solar panel system must be designed by using mono / polycrystalline silicon panels and photovoltaic cells through a thin layer, or with another higher-efficiency advanced technology.<br />
In addition, the following machinery is being used in solar <b>PV network.</b><br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Modules for Photovoltaic panels (<b>PV</b>).</li>
<li>Inverter</li>
<li>Controller For Charging</li>
<li>Battery For System</li>
<li>Cables for AC as well as DC</li>
<li>Mounting for Solar System</li>
<li>Product / Earthing devices</li>
<li>Protective devices and tools</li>
<li>Boxes or combiners for attachment</li>
</ol>
Some of these components of the PV system are described below.<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: purple;">Solar Panels Modules </span><span style="color: purple;">(PV)</span></h3>
The solar panel/module (s) generates electricity from DC for the battery charging by a solar power system. Each DC unit attached to a battery must be fused. Usually, the Direct Current lights are attached to the load switch. Each AC unit is driven directly to the battery via an inverter directly in PV System.<br />
<br />
NOTE:Solar array-tie and separate network inverters are specific and must not be substituted.<br />
<br />
<b>Types of Solar Cells/Panels</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKXwnkzsrpcBel8kAdpYkYn7UK8ZLTic-AZdjRjg4BGeEguH20sKnR-Oe6Ir5P6gqRFI9QFzfjGfRt87S1nrsAQpSHUNgBOwTt12FDsNWYxjymp-qqstiv5mktmUVKWx5oTr0-yfwQApE/s1600/COMPONENTS+OF+PHOTOVOLTAIC+SYSTEM%252C++PV+SYSTEM+%25285%2529.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="COMPONENTS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM, PV SYSTEM " border="0" data-original-height="128" data-original-width="660" height="123" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKXwnkzsrpcBel8kAdpYkYn7UK8ZLTic-AZdjRjg4BGeEguH20sKnR-Oe6Ir5P6gqRFI9QFzfjGfRt87S1nrsAQpSHUNgBOwTt12FDsNWYxjymp-qqstiv5mktmUVKWx5oTr0-yfwQApE/s640/COMPONENTS+OF+PHOTOVOLTAIC+SYSTEM%252C++PV+SYSTEM+%25285%2529.PNG" title="COMPONENTS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM, PV SYSTEM " width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk7338231;"></span>The solar panels can also be classified as follows<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Monocrystalline Type</li>
<li>Polycrystalline Type </li>
<li>Amorphous Thin-Film Type</li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Comparison of Different Types of Solar Cells/Panels</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Mono-Si Panels </h4>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>With maximum efficiency. 21 per cent production.</li>
<li>Made of single pure silicon crystal.</li>
<li>Normal temperature efficiency is optimal.</li>
<li>Needs less of a power field.</li>
<li>High Si, therefore, high incarnated strength.</li>
<li>In minimal-sunlight settings, efficiency degrades.</li>
<li>Cost: USD 1.589.</li>
<li>Sunpower (United States) 1/25/2013 Largest Maker.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Poly-Si Panels </h4>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>More effective at 16% (max.) Performance.</li>
<li>Produced by the fusion of various Si crystals.</li>
<li>Output highest at degree moderately high.</li>
<li>Needs fewer region of control for that particular power. </li>
<li>A major amount Si thus, high intensity Embodied.</li>
<li>In minimal-sunlight settings, efficiency degrades.</li>
<li>$1,418 Price</li>
<li>Suntech (China) </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Thin Film Panels </h4>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Lowest efficiency with maximum efficiency. 12 per cent production.</li>
<li>Made with 1 or even more sheets of <b>PV</b> content accumulated on the substratum.</li>
<li>The high-temperature efficiency highest.</li>
<li>Needs a large volume of electricity for that capacity.</li>
<li>Low Si, therefore, low incarnated strength.</li>
<li>Low-sunlight levels affect performance less.</li>
<li>0.67 USD Price</li>
<li>First Solar (USA) </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
We each have their own benefits and inconveniences. Depending on our specifications and expectations we will use all of them. We must use polycrystalline. The distinction of a small-Film solar array is monocrystalline, amorphous and polycrystalline.<br />
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: purple;">Charge Controllers</span></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
In PV System for measure the value of current to be provided or removed from in the battery, a charging device will be used. A battery-protective charging mechanism is intended to ensure a longer working existence without reducing the efficiency of the system. Batteries shouldn't be overcharged, as well as the battery has not been overcharged by the charger feature.</div>
<div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
Load controls are intended to work as follows:<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Protected the battery against over-discharge (LVD) that disengages the batteries from either the charge once the battery exceeds this certain discharged size. Protects itself from over-discharge.</li>
<li>Protect your battery from unnecessarily charged voltage-important for sealed batteries-by reducing the charging voltage-it is usually called High Voltage Disconnection (HVD).</li>
<li>Prevent a reversal current that flows back to the solar array at night.</li>
</ol>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: purple;">Inverter</span></h3>
For moving DC tension to AC pressure, inverters can be used. For a smaller power of about 100 W that volt is 12 through 24 Volt and 48 Volt or even better for greater powers. It alson depends on both the inverter capacity. Almost all latest Alternating current systems are operated and run at 240 voltage.<br />
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<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
The function of Inverters In PV System:</h4>
DC electricity is really the energy produced by the solar array. We must first transform into DC in order to use this for equipment. We utilize inverters for such a reason. While using dual switches, an inverter transforms DC into AC, converting the positive just DC input into an alternate positive and negative AC energy. The 12 Volt DC power is turned into 120 Volt AC power to drive with computers.<br />
<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Advantages</h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol>
<li>Great performance and power selection in a compact, modular design.</li>
<li>Facility to mount that will save money and resources.</li>
<li>Around 95% effective main as well as micro-inverters.</li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: purple;">
Battery System</span></h3>
Then we need batteries to store energy to be used when there is no sunlight(night). For this, we can many kinds of batteries.<br />
<br />
Considerations while choosing a battery for this system<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Power and capability</li>
<li>Depth of discharge (DoD)</li>
<li>Efficiency</li>
<li>Battery life</li>
</ol>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
1.Power and capability.</h4>
The total energy ability expressed in kW-hours (kWh) which is capable of being generated by a solar battery. Many rooftop solar batteries are built for "stackability," and you can use the sun-plus-storage system for adding extra power to several batteries.</div>
<div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
2.Depth of discharge (DoD).</h4>
Thanks to its chemical makeup, most sun batteries have to hold some energy at all periods. If you're using 100% of the charge of the cell, the useful life is greatly reduced.<br />
<br />
The battery's discharge depth (DoD) means the value of capacity of the battery used. To optimum performance, most manufacturers recommend a fixed DD. When a battery will have a DD of Ninety % of 10 kWh, for example, the battery should be powered at no more than 9 kWh before it is charged. In fact, a higher DD means that you can use more power for your tank.<br />
<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
3. Efficiency.</h4>
<br />
The capacity of a battery refers to the electricity that is used to carry this as a proportion of both the energy needed.<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
4.Battery life & warranty.</h4>
The most important factor in deciding the battery for our system is battery life and its warranty. We have to decide the particular battery depending upon the life and cost of that battery.<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: purple;">JUNCTION BOX</span></h3>
To combine different solar panels for more load we use junction box. We can use parallel or series depending upon the condition. You can for example, directly wire that output from each table to interfaces within the box of combinations as you wire 212 Volt modules together with the Twelve Volt network. Instead, the next device part, the charging power, will run from either the box of combiner only a positive as well as a negative cable (inappropriate conduit).<br />
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<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: purple;">MOUNTING SYSTEM</span></h3>
Among the most critical elements of Photovoltaic energy production is the panel mounting system. Quality and lifespan of the photovoltaic networks are directly linked to their advantages. There are mounting stands on the market which are of great importance so we should buy the good quality so that we are not going to change it for at least 25 years. Mounting apparatus should be able to change tilt angle according to our demand nut it should not change its angle itself.<br />
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<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Importance and applications of solar energy</b></h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Solar Energy</b></h3>
<b>Solar energy</b> is radiant Sunlight and heat harnessed using a range of ever-changing innovations like solar heating, solar cells, solar thermal technology, solar building, solar power plants, and synthetic pollination.<br />
The energy source is important, and its technology is widely described as<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Passive system </li>
<li>Active system </li>
</ol>
depending on how <b>solar energy</b> is captured and distributed or turned into <b>solar energy.</b><br />
<br />
<b>Active solar</b> strategies are the use of photovoltaic devices, concentrated <b>solar energy</b> including solar heaters to generate electricity.<br />
<br />
<b>Passive solar</b> strategies include the orientation of a building towards the Sun, the collection and layout of products with desirable thermal mass or light-dispersive properties.<br />
<br />
The large amount of solar power it provides makes it a very attractive electricity source.<br />
<br />
A 3.5 kW autonomous photovoltaic solar panel is installed on the top of the My House roof that will produce electricity to feed the building's inner network.<br />
Installation of the 3.5 kW Solar PV network in homes. Including the construction and commissioning charges, the Solar PV System measured at Rs. 3.6 lakes.<br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Applications of Solar Energy</b></h3>
Sun energy can be defined as heat and light in two forms. Every day we use solar power in various ways. We use solar heat to dry our clothes when we hang laundry from outside to dry in the sun. In the presence of sunlight, plants make their food. Food from crops is fed for animals and people. Actually, millions and millions of years ago, fossil fuels are <b>solar energy</b> stored.<br />
<br />
There is a range of <b>solar energy</b> goods. Such items are classified as the sun or solar thermal collectors. Solar thermal systems utilize solar thermal energy to heat water or air in<b> applications</b> such as space heating, pool heating and house-and company water heating. Consider <b>solar energy</b> <b>applications</b> in various sectors.<br />
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<br />
<b>1-Domestic Application</b><br />
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Solar Heaters</li>
<li>Buildings Heating</li>
<li>Water Heating </li>
<li>Pool Heating</li>
<li>Cooking</li>
<li>Generate Electricity</li>
<li><b>Solar Energy</b> In Offices</li>
<li>Solar Batteries to store <b>solar energy</b></li>
</ol>
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<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>2-Industry Application</b></div>
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Solar Preheater</li>
<li>Heating In Distillation plants</li>
<li>Solar Power Plants</li>
<li>Heating In Desalination plants</li>
<li>Solar Greenhouse System</li>
<li>Heating In Oil extraction plants</li>
<li>Transportation Through <b>Solar Energy</b></li>
<li>Pumping Through <b>solar energy</b></li>
<li>Power Generation</li>
<li>Solar System in Warehouse</li>
<li><b>Solar energy</b> is used to power radio and TV stations</li>
<li>supply power to the lighthouse and a warning light for aircraft</li>
</ol>
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Raja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2965242696214682076.post-42790317184679380142019-11-30T01:43:00.002-08:002023-05-02T10:29:46.260-07:00Design and Control of Automatic water pump<script type="text/javascript">
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<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<strong>AUTOMATIC WATER PUMP CONTROLLER:</strong></h2>
<span class="word">An </span><span class="word">automatic </span><span class="word">controller </span><span class="word">of </span><span class="word">the </span><span class="word">water </span><span class="word">pump </span><span class="word">is </span><span class="word">a </span><span class="word">circuit </span><span class="word">that </span><span class="word">controls </span><span class="word">the </span><span class="word">motor </span><span class="word">of </span><span class="word">the </span><span class="word">water </span><span class="word">pump. </span><span class="word">The </span><span class="word">engine </span><span class="word">is </span><span class="word">automatically </span><span class="word">turned </span><span class="word">"ON" </span><span class="word">when </span><span class="word">water </span><span class="word">falls </span><span class="word">below </span><span class="word">the </span><span class="word">lower </span><span class="word">limit </span><span class="word">in </span><span class="word">the </span><span class="word">overhead </span><span class="word">tank </span><span class="word">(OHT). </span><span class="word">Likewise, </span><span class="word">when </span><span class="word">the </span><span class="word">tank </span><span class="word">is </span><span class="word">completely </span><span class="word">loaded, </span><span class="word">it </span><span class="word">will </span><span class="word">be </span><span class="word">turned </span><span class="word">off.</span><br />
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<span class="word"><br /></span>
<span class="word"><br /></span>
<span class="word"><strong>APPLICATIONS:</strong></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span class="word">It is possible to use automatic water level regulator in hostels, warehouses, homes, schools, industrial complexes, drainage etc. </span></li>
<li><span class="word">For predicted floods, it can be used. </span></li>
<li><span class="word">A liquid level indicator in the companies large tanks. </span></li>
<li><span class="word">Consumers with low power. </span></li>
<li><span class="word">Indicator of fuel level in cars.</span></li>
</ul>
<u><strong>AUTOMATIC WATER PUMP CONTROLLER: </strong></u><br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<strong>COMPONENTS</strong>:</h4>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>HC-SR05 Ultrasonic sensor:</li>
<li> ARDUINO UNO:</li>
<li> JUMPER WIRES:</li>
<li> RELAY:</li>
</ol>
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<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<u><strong>Working:</strong></u></h4>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span class="word">A </span><span class="word">set </span><span class="word">of </span><span class="word">functions </span><span class="word">for </span><span class="word">controlling </span><span class="word">water </span><span class="word">level </span><span class="word">are </span><span class="word">the </span><span class="word">automatic </span><span class="word">water </span><span class="word">pump </span><span class="word">controller.</span></li>
<li><span class="word">With a sensor in the short to establish the top level and a detector sensor built for the lower level to detect long again.</span></li>
<li><span class="word">Water is used to bathe and wash to drink and cook for a variety of purposes.</span></li>
<li><span class="word">It has an ultrasonic sensor that senses the difference between the water tank's top and bottom level and then makes the motor switch automatically using the relay.</span></li>
</ol>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<strong>PROCESS:</strong></h4>
Process of this Model is given in a below image<br />
<br />
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<br />
<strong>CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:</strong><br />
<br />
Circuit Diagram of this Model is given in below image<br />
<br />
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<br />
<strong>MATHEMATICAL MODEL:</strong><br />
<span class="word">Equations </span><span class="word">of </span><span class="word">the </span><span class="word">system </span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span class="word">A </span><span class="word">stable </span><span class="word">state, </span><span class="word">Qi </span><span class="word">=QO</span></li>
<li><span class="word">Let </span><span class="word">Q0 </span><span class="word">=</span>∆H/R</li>
<li><span class="word">range </span><span class="word">of </span><span class="word">liquid </span><span class="word">storage </span><span class="word">in </span><span class="word">tank </span><span class="word">= </span><span class="word">liquid </span><span class="word">inflow </span><span class="word">rate </span><span class="word">– </span><span class="word">liquid </span><span class="word">outflow </span><span class="word">rate. </span></li>
<li><span class="word">Rate </span><span class="word">of </span><span class="word">storage </span><span class="word">of </span><span class="word">liquid </span><span class="word">in </span><span class="word">tank </span><span class="word">= </span><span class="word">A </span><span class="word">dH/dt. </span></li>
</ol>
<span class="word"> Where </span><span class="word">A </span><span class="word">= </span><span class="word">Tank cross-sectional</span><span class="word"> </span><span class="word">area</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> And
this C is the capacitance of the tank</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Therefore </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><br />
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">So final
equation is</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<strong>Now using Laplace Transform</strong></h3>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="word"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Transfer
Function is <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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Raja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2965242696214682076.post-85045049301789130732019-11-19T10:02:00.002-08:002023-05-02T10:30:16.141-07:00APPLICATIONS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY<script type="text/javascript">
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<h2 style="margin-left: 5.05pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc7704961"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></a></h2>
<h2 style="margin-left: 5.05pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">APPLICATIONS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY:</span></h2>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">
There are many Industries involving <b>heat transfer. Applications of heat transfer in bioprocess industry</b> are described below.</div>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
1- HEAT TRANSFER IN FOOD INDUSTRY:<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><b>Heat transfer</b> happens in the
food industry when we collectively or separately cool down various products
after their production in the food industry. All types of products including </span>hazelnut
gum and other types of foods are always required to cool or <b>heat</b> them in order
to achieve a good and final product which are best suited to the market for
value. For this reason, we mostly used a <b>heat </b>exchanger in the food industry to
get the final product for market usage.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">We used scraped surface <b>heat
exchanger</b> (SSHE) for this type of work. Therefore </span>it is specially
designed for processing of different materials of high gluiness and exchanging
the heat from a variety of products like berry tissues which are highly heated
sensitive and reactive in a heated condition.<br />
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text1;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Fig 1.4.1: Heat Exchanger in the food
industry </span><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br />
The act of scrap in this type of <b>heat
exchanger</b> confirms the uniform <b>heat</b> behaviour of a product by the act of
scrapping on the product which gives a special finish to the product and avoids any
type of misshape or irregularity in the product to be produced.</div>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
2- TRANSFER OF HEAT FOR ETHANOL PREPARATION:<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">Ethanol is now becoming very
popular all over the world which mostly involves the transfer of heat and mass
in their process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">Ethanol is the getting fame
in many countries of the world recently mostly in the countries where the
source of getting energy and power especially electricity totally dependent on
resources which are about to finish due to the extra usage of these resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">Ethanol is the best
alternative or replacement for these kinds of resources as it is reproduced by
different processes which involve the transfer of heat from one body to the other.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDKM_VYNPAbaNs4bzDpBmWQTjSwtX4v1hlPcarLPDv9DWDxvSvKt4j5uOKf59sPCjB8Dmf-SPmVwWX4F_zItEI3KDOqdvFXLpBHy0wAI5aTWyqdX0k_pCmS8abRnxPrAoJmQTWedZUHTA/s1600/APPLICATIONS+OF+HEAT+TRANSFER+IN+BIOPROCESS+INDUSTRY.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="APPLICATIONS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY" border="0" data-original-height="248" data-original-width="542" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDKM_VYNPAbaNs4bzDpBmWQTjSwtX4v1hlPcarLPDv9DWDxvSvKt4j5uOKf59sPCjB8Dmf-SPmVwWX4F_zItEI3KDOqdvFXLpBHy0wAI5aTWyqdX0k_pCmS8abRnxPrAoJmQTWedZUHTA/s1600/APPLICATIONS+OF+HEAT+TRANSFER+IN+BIOPROCESS+INDUSTRY.png" title="APPLICATIONS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY" /></a></div>
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<span
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text1;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Fig 1.4.2: Ethanol Preparation</span><span
style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:
text1;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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</tr>
</table>
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For this reason, we mostly used<b>
heat exchanger</b> which is more optimized and efficient than other heat exchangers
to give energy and power so that we rely on old (resources that are about to
vanish now) resources must be prohibited. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">In this type of heat
exchanger, we mostly involve the heat treatment of chemicals that involves in
the preparation of ethanol by giving heat and making it more efficient and
reliable than another form of energy.</span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
3- TRANSFER OF HEAT IN LOW-TEMPERATURE SUBSTANCES: <o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">Substances that are very
sensitive to temperature or that have very low temperature especially which are
about to freeze if they were kept dry for some more time in the condenser are
very important and useful for the formation of different kinds of products in
bioprocess industry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">This process mostly involves
the formation of products that mostly have a very low temperature which is
mostly less from 123 Kelvin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">Gases which are liquid state
or have phase change including almost every low-temperature gas are mostly
required to produced products in these kinds of processes. These are used in
almost every industry to give final form. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">For this type of process, we
also used a heat exchanger which involves the transfer of heat in the process
but this type of heat exchanger is mostly specially designed to produce
products due to their low-temperature range and form.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">This type of heat exchanger
has mostly more cost than others but it also has many extra services or usefulness
due to its highly changeable ability to change its temperature according to the
availability of different processes.</span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
4- HEAT TRANSFER IN PROCESS INVOLVING DISINFECTION:<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><b>Heat transfer</b> has also an important role in the purification or disinfects products from different kinds
of germs and bacteria to purify or disinfect the products.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">There are as many germs and
species which are harmful to the body or life of living things especially human
beings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">All these kinds of harmful
species mostly combine with the products of different industries to make these
useful products very harmful and then these products infect all kinds of living
things involving humans because we mostly used these products for our
requirements of many things and by using these infected products we are
becoming infected which can cause any serious issue for the life of humans.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitQE80osBeBg_KBWxDWxEAGQo2INdB8599tzhx6NIijVP3tmcdopT96FGwausLDiXCD3OB0Wm0VodHaxnaFP7cxQdE1osq4fmB5FGiK_nUY7fymRkLXSCrn7FsxlrtcEmMcv0OUqgIKCw/s1600/APPLICATIONS+OF+HEAT+TRANSFER+IN+BIOPROCESS+INDUSTRY+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="APPLICATIONS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY" border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="963" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitQE80osBeBg_KBWxDWxEAGQo2INdB8599tzhx6NIijVP3tmcdopT96FGwausLDiXCD3OB0Wm0VodHaxnaFP7cxQdE1osq4fmB5FGiK_nUY7fymRkLXSCrn7FsxlrtcEmMcv0OUqgIKCw/s320/APPLICATIONS+OF+HEAT+TRANSFER+IN+BIOPROCESS+INDUSTRY+%25283%2529.jpg" title="APPLICATIONS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY" width="300" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">So, for disinfecting these products to save the life of human beings we
also used heat exchanger which in which we heat the product to getting safe and
disinfected products.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-right: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">In this heat exchanger, we
used water as an agent and the product is heated. First, we take hot boiling
water and then all of the product which is to be disinfected are placed in
boiling water and then suddenly we used a coil which is conducting which
converts an infected product rapidly into the purified and disinfected product
which is now perfect and it can be then easily used for any purpose.</span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
5- HEAT TRANSFER INFORMATION OF SORBET: <o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">It is the process of formation of </span><span style="background: white; color: black;">Frozen yoghurt, Gelato, Ice cream, Ice
milk, and, many other these kinds of products.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">All these kinds
of products are also involved in the bioprocess industry which is also
produced by using heat exchanger which is also scraped type heat exchanger as
it is also used in food industry above in this article.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: black;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">Here below is the total brief discussion in the form of the table of all
these industries which have been described earlier to show all the products in
these industries in which there is the involvement of <b>heat transfer</b> from one
form to others. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>
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<div id="container-2aa1484edca55f866acb8d196526e392"></div>Raja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2965242696214682076.post-88071205241070822972019-11-11T03:14:00.004-08:002023-05-02T10:30:28.483-07:00HEAT TRANSFER-SOME GENERAL HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT(HTE)<script type="text/javascript">
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<h1 style="text-align: center;">
<strong><br /></strong></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">
<strong>SOME GENERAL HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT(HTE)</strong></h1>
There are many <strong>heat transfer equipment</strong> but s<strong>ome general heat transfer equipment </strong>are described below one by one.<br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>1-HEAT EXCHANGER (HE):</b></h3>
A Heat Exchanger is a device used to <strong>transfer heat</strong> between two or more fluids that or working in a system. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. Depending on the type of heat exchanger employed, the heat transferring process can be gas-gas, liquid-gas, or liquid-liquid and occur through a solid separator,<br />
which prevents mixing of the fluids, or direct fluid contact.<br />
This is the very first<strong> type of heat transfer equipment.</strong><br />
In this <strong>general heat transfer equipment</strong>, there are many types of heat exchangers some of them are given below.<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Tube and Shell type heat exchanger</li>
<li>Plate type heat exchangers</li>
<li>Fin plate type heat exchanger</li>
<li>Spiral type heat exchangers</li>
<li>Waste heat recovery heat exchangers</li>
<li>Shell and plate type heat exchanger</li>
</ul>
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There are also different kinds of fluid flow in heat exchangers which are following<br />
<ul>
<li>Co-Current Flow</li>
<li> Counter-current flow</li>
<li>Cross Flow</li>
<li>Hybrid Flow</li>
</ul>
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<div>
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<strong>2-BOILER:</strong></h3>
An oil or gas operating heating boiler (energy producer) is like the engine of a vehicle especially a car, this provides the energy that it needs to heat itself up. The dimension of the boiler is almost the same as the dimensions of the facility.<br />
<br />
It is also a simple type of heat transfer which gives us heat by the application of a simple mechanism.<br />
This is the second <strong>general heat transfer equipment</strong>, the boiler is a part of the global heating system. As described in '''Figure''', a heating mechanism has the following four main parts:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Tank/heater arrangement (the mechanism dividing the heat)</li>
<li>Tubing and propellers and controllers (the mechanism dividing the energy)</li>
<li>Warmers and heaters (the mechanism giving the energy to the surroundings)</li>
<li>Governor apparatus (the part controlling room and water temperature)</li>
</ul>
<br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<strong>3-CONDENSER:</strong></h3>
<ul>
</ul>
The third type of equipment that is used for heat transfer is the condenser. Condensers are the types of heat exchangers used to condense a substance from its vaporous to its liquid state. In this process, the hot liquid (or gases) divide its energy of dormant to the cool liquid (or gas) and becomes to the liquid form. The condensers are using now in every field for manufacturing as well as local purpose.<br />
<br />
This is the third type of general<strong> heat transfer equipment.</strong><br />
<br />
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<br />
Condensers are basically mechanism designed to used for freezing or cooling of working fluid by changing the phase of the working fluid in the system.<br />
<br /></div>
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<div id="container-2aa1484edca55f866acb8d196526e392"></div>Raja Nomanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01662737659618803491noreply@blogger.com0