Service Computer - Teknisi Komputer Jogja

Kenali Gejala, Penyebab dan Cara Mengatasi Error / Kerusakan Komputer dan Laptop

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Wed, 21 Mar 2018 07:45:00 +0000

Gejala, Penyebab Kerusakan dan Cara Memperbaki Komputer

Service Komputer - Komputer adalah perangkat elektronik yang memanipulasi informasi atau data. Komputer mampu menyimpan, mengambil, mengolah data seperti mengetik dokumen, mengirim e-mail, bermain game, dan menjelajah Web.

Secara logika komputer merupakan kumpulan perangkat elektronik yang terhubung satu sama lain, seperti unit pemasukan data, unit pengeluaran data, unit penyimpanan data dan unit pengontrolan data.

Dalam sebuah sistem komputer jika mengalami kerusakan akan ada sebuah tanda. Dengan tanda tersebut seorang teknisi komputer akan seperti dokter yang memeriksa penyakit pasiennya. Di sini teknisi komputer bisa memeriksa tanda-tanda kerusakan yang di alami komputer. Dengan mendeteksi tanda-tanda yang ada teknisi dapat memecahkan masalah yang terjadi pada komputer tersebut.

Cara Memperbaiki Kerusakan / Error Pada Komputer dan Laptop

Rangkuman tentang gejala dan penyebab kerusakan yang umum terjadi ada komputer kemudian bagaimana cara mengatasi atau memperbaikinya. Setidaknya anda sudah mengetahui apa yang sedang terjadi pada komputer / laptop anda.

Berikut ini merupakan nacam-macam kerusakan pada komputer /notebook dan cara memperbaiknya:

1. Komputer / laptop tidak menyala atau mati
Penyebab: Arus listrik terganggu
Cara mengatasinya:
1. Periksa koneksi kabel (dari tombol power ke power outletnya)
2. Periksa apakah stabilizer berfungsi atau tidak (jika memakai stabilizer)
3. Periksa kabel power pada CPU / power adaptor
4. Apabila komputer masih tidak hidup juga, mungkin masalahnya terletak pada power supply atau MB

2. Komputer / laptop mati total
Penyebab: tidak ada power, motherboard rusak
Cara mengatasinya:
1. AC adaptor (charger) gagal dan baterai habis sepenuhnya => uji AC adaptor,apabila mati maka gantilah adaptor
2. DC jack terlepas dari motherboard atau DC jack rusak dan notebook tidak memperoleh daya listrik dari adaptor AC . maka jack DC harus diganti
3. Motherboat rusak. Jika itu terjadi kemungkinan besar notebook tidak layak diperbaiki.

3. Komputer / Laptop Tidak Mau Booting
Penyebab: OS dan hardware
Cara mengatasinya:
Kenali terlebih dahulu bunyi beep yang ada :
1. Beep 1 kali = kondisi komputer baik
2. Beep 1 kali panjang = problem di memory
3. Beep 1 kali panjang dan 3 kali pendek = kerusakan di VGA card
4. Beep 1 kali panjang dan 2 kali pendek = kerusakan di DRAM parity
5. Beep terus menerus = kerusakan di modul memory atau memory video
6. Periksa menggunakan software diagnosa seperti hireenbot

4. Komputer / Laptop Selalu Masuk Safe Mode
Penyebab: OS dan hardware
Cara mengatasinya:
1. Restart kembali komputer anda
2. Cek system config apakah safemode terpilih (ceking)
3. Instal ulang windows anda bila masih bermasalah
4. Jika masih safe mode, berarti HD anda bermasalah
5. Cobalah cek hd dengan chdkdsk

5. Komputer / Laptop Sering Hang
Penyebab: Software mengalami crash / hardware mengalami konflik
Cara mengatasinya:
1. Tekan ctrl + alt + del >> klik End task pada program yang “Not Responding
3. Tekan tombol restart pada CPU
3. Konflik antar hardware sering terjadi pada sistem operasi windows
4. Install ulang windows anda, tetapi yang perlu diingat sebelum reinstall windows anda, lepaskan dulu hardware baru anda.
5. Jalankan fasilitas “add new“ hardware yang terdapat pada control panel.

6. Keyboard Tidak Terdeteksi
Penyebab: Hardware/Software
Cara mengatasinya:
1. Cek apakah keyboard anda sudah terpasang dengan benar
2. Jika sudah tapi masih juga keyboard tidak terdeteksi maka kemungkinan keyboard anda bermasalah.
3. Coba ganti keyboard anda, jika sudah diganti tapi juga masih bermasalah maka kemungkinan besar yang rusak adalah di bagian port keyboard di MB anda.
4. Jika memang sudah di Ganti Keyboard Baru tapi tetap tidak terdeteksi juga coba ganti dengan jenis keyboard USB dan apabila tidak terdeteksi juga berarti ada yang salah pada sistem windows

7. Mouse Tidak Terdeteksi
Penyebab: Hardware/Software
Cara mengatasinya:
1. Cek apakah mouse anda sudah terpasang dengan benar
2. Jika sudah tapi masih juga mouse tidak terdeteksi maka kemungkinan mouse anda bermasalah.
3. Coba ganti mouse anda, jika sudah diganti tapi juga masih bermasalah maka kemungkinan besar yang rusak adalah di bagian port mouse di MB anda.
4. Jika memang sudah di ganti mouse baru tapi tetap tidak terdeteksi juga coba ganti dengan mouse USB dan apabila tidak terdeteksi Juga berarti ada yang salah pada sistem windows

8. Pointer Mouse Selalu Melompat / Bergerak Sendiri
Penyebab: optic mouse kotor
Cara mengatasinya: Buka dan bersihkan mouse (khususnya pada optic mouse)

9. Komputer Sering Crash
Penyebab: Hardware
Cara mengatasinya:
Cek semua posisi kabel, hardware, dan juga tegangan pada casing, cek suhu pada CPU dan juga cek ram, processor dan juga vga.

10. Produsen Motherboard Tidak di Ketahui
Penyebab: Tidak ada informasi tersimpan
Cara mengatasinya:
1. Buka casing, dan cek CPU anda biasanya sebuah MB memiliki label produsen yang sekaligus berisi spesifikasi tipe Mbnya.
2. Lihat pada manual book
3. Cari data Mb lewat internet, cocokan ID yang tercetak pada sticker board dengan daftar yang terdapat pada situs www.fcc.gov/oet/fccid, dan cari daftar nomor ID yang dikeluarkan oleh lembaga perijinan untuk perangkat elektonik di Amerika
4. Gunakan software analisa seperti cpuz.

11. Lupa Password BIOS
Penyebab: Password tidak tepat
Cara Mengatasinya:
1. Cabut battery cmos pada cpu / laptop anda
2. Atau dengan cara emncoba menebak bberapa password default untuk beberapa produsen bios misalkan AMI dan AWARD (contoh : A.M.I, AMI, AMI_SW, ALLY, 589589 dll)

12. Seting Jam & Tanggal BIOS Selalu Berubah
Penyebab: BIOS tidak update jam & tanggal
Cara Mengatasinya:
Battery cmos sudah tidak berfungsi (mati), ganti dengan battery yang baru

13. Menambah Perangkat Baru Tapi Tidak Terdeteksi oleh BIOS
Penyebab: BIOS Gagal mengenal perangkat yang terpasang
Cara Mengatasinya:
Kemungkinan besar bios anda sudah kuno sehingga tidak dapat mendeteksi hardware yang baru, maka segera update bios anda (bisa download melalui internet, mis : www.windrivers.com)

14. Kerusakan Memory Card Pada Mainboard
Penyebab: Pemasangan tidak pas / kompatibel
Cara Mengatasinya:
1. Cobalah dengan mencabut dan menancapkan beberapa memory card pada MB anda
2. Jika booting berhasil maka card anda tidak bermasalah begitu juga sebaliknya

15. Pasang Prosesor Baru Tapi Tidak Terdeteksi
Penyebab: Pemasangan tidak pas / kompatibel
Cara Mengatasinya
1. Cek apakah anda sudah memasang processor dengan benar sesuai soket dan tipe prosesornya
2. Cek apakah posisi jumper pada processor sudah benar (tentang jumper pada processor bisa anda periksa pada manual booknya)
3. Periksa apakah ada kaki/pin pada socket maupun prosesor yang bengkok

16. Crash Setelah Memasang RAM Baru
Penyebab: Pemasangan tidak pas / kompatibel
Cara Mengatasinya:
Kemungkinan ram yang anda pasang tidak kompatibel dengan komputer anda (cabut ram tersebut) dan ganti dengan tipe/model yang sesuai

17. Menambah RAM Tapi Tidak Terdeteksi
Penyebab: Pemasangan tidak pas / kompatibel dan atau sudah rusak
Cara Mengatasinya:
1. Lakukan pengecekan seperti ketika kasus sebelumnya
2. Pastikan slot yan dipakai sesuai, misalnya : DDR1 memiliki slot yang hampir berbeda dengan DDR2, begitu pula sebaliknya
3. Ganti dengan RAM yang baru

18. Proses Komputer Malah Melambat Setelah di Tambah RAM
Penyebab: Hardware
Cara Mengatasinya:
Perhatikan batas kapasitas ram anda, misalnya ram jenis EDO batas maksimalnya adalah 64 MB, maka ketika dipaksakan untuk ditambah maka komputer anda menjadi semakin lambat.

19. Muncul Pesan "Virtual RAM Rendah" Saat Membuka Aplikasi MS. Office
Penyebab: Setingan tidak tepat
Cara Mengatasinya:
1. Klik kanan icon My computer, pilih propertis, kemudian pilih tab performance dan klik VIRTUAL MEMORY
2. Pilih item let me specify my own virtual memory setting (pilih HD yang akan digunakan sebagai virtual memory)
3. Klik OK

20. Monitor Tidak Menyala / Tidak Ada Tampilan
Penyebab: Hardware
Cara Mengatasinya:
1. Pastikan semua kabel power maupun konektor yang berhubungan dengan monitor ok
2. Pastikan juga pin yang ada pada port VGA masuk dengan sempuran tidak ada yang bengkok apalagi tidak masuk semua/salah satu pin ke port VGA
3. Pastikan juga VGA card anda ok

21. Monitor Menjadi Gelap Saat Loading Windows
Penyebab: setup driver untuk monitor tidak tepat (setting frekuensinya terlalu tinggi)
Cara Mengatasinya:
1. Cek setting layar dan frekuensi monitor
2. Masuk dulu ke dalam kondisi safe mode (tekan F8)
3. Install ulang driver VGAnya

22. Tampilan Layar Tiba-tiba Rusak dan Hang
Penyebab: Suhu (pada VGA card) sangat panas
Cara Mengatasinya:
Cek fan vga dan rpm nya dengan software analisa khusus video card

23. Ukuran Tampilan Layar / Monitor Tidak Sesuai
Penyebab: Seting monitor tidak tepat
Cara Mengatasinya:
1. Masuk ke display propertis (klik kanan sembarang tempat pilih propertis)
2. Tekan tab setting dan dan atur ukuran tampilan sesuai dengan keinginan (pada screean area)

24. Monitor Blinking / Berkedip Saat Sedang di Gunakan
Penyebab: Seting monitor tidak tepat
Cara Mengatasinya:
1. Masuk ke display propertis (klik kanan sembarang tempat pilih propertis)
2. Tekan tab setting dan klik advance, kemudian klik adapter, pada bagian ini ditampilkan refresh rate yang diinginkan

25. Sound Card Baru Tidak Terdeteksi
Penyebab: Crash dengan sound card yang lama
Cara Mengatasinya:
Cek pada manual booknya, apakah soundcard on boardnya perlu dimatikan atau tidak jika hendak menginstall ulang soundcard yang baru (biasanya bisa dimatikan lewat jumper atau bios)

26. Kipas Power Supply Tidak Hidup Saat Di Nyalakan
Penyebab: Tidak ada arus listrik
Cara mengatasi:
1. Periksa catu daya listrik apakah sudah terpasang dengan baik, stavol sudah berfungsi dengan baik
2. Cek power supply kalau rusak harus diganti
3. Periksa kabel power swicth pada motherboard sudah terpasang dengan benar
4. Periksa jumper CMOS apakah sudah terpasang dengan benar
5. Periksa/Cek motherboard apakah berfungsi dengan baik/tidak
6. Bila sudah dipastikan penyebabnya, komponen yang rusak harus diperbaiki atau diganti

27. Lampu LED Menyala Tapi Tidak Ada Tampilan / Gambar di Monitor
Penyebab: Hardware bermasalah
Cara mengatasi:
1. Cek power supply apakah sudah berfungsi dengan normal
2. Cek Processor, memory, atau motherboard sudah berfungsi dengan normal
3. Cek monitor/VGA sudah berfungsi dengan normal
4. Lepas semua kabel power dan kabel data dari posisinya, kemudian coba hidupkan komputer
5. Coba dengan memasang monitor lain, jika ada tampilan berarti vga converter / backlight monitor rusak
6. Bila sudah dipastikan penyebabnya, komponen yang bermasalah bisa diganti.

28. Muncul Pesan Notifikasi “No System Disk/Invalid System Disk"
Penyebab: Tidak ada OS yang berjalan
Cara mengatasi:
1. Cek setingan Booting BIOS pastikan hardisk pada urutan pertama
2. Cek apakah ada flasdisk tertancap atau disket pada slot DVD ROM, jika ada dikeluarkan kemudian enter.
3. Cek apakah kabel power/data hardisk sudah terpasang dengan baik
4. Cek apakah ada kerusakan hardisk dengan cara detection hardisk pada BIOS, scandisk pada program startupdisk
5. Bila sudah dipastikan penyebabnya, komponen yang rusak harus diperbaiki atau diganti termasuk instal ulang OS.

29. OS Tidak Loading Dengan Tampilan Normal
Penyebab: Driver tidak bisa berfungsi / Kerusakan pada OS
Cara mengatasi :
1. Jalankan OS dengan tampilan Safe Mode kemudian jalankan program utilitas, seperti norton utilitas
2. Bila tidak bisa dengan cara di atas lakukan instal ulang OS

30. Tampilan Layar Monitor Tidak Normal (tidak seperti biasa)
Penyebab:
· Setting display pada control panel tidak benar
· Kerusakan pada VGA atau drivernya
· Kerusakan pada OS
· Kerusakan pada monitor
Cara mengatasi:
1. Cek setting display pada control panel apakah sudah benar
2. Cek VGA serta drivernya sudah berfungsi dengan baik atau tidak
3. Periksa monitor apakah ada kerusakan atau tidak
4. Jalankan norton utilitas untuk mendiagnose OS
5. Bila sudah dipastikan penyebabnya, komponen yang rusak harus diperbaiki atau diganti, termasuk instal ulang.

31. Komputer / Laptop Sering Hang / Diam dan Tidak Bisa di Apa-apakan
Penyebab:
· Suhu processor terlalu panas
· PC terinfeksi virus
· Kerusakan pada OS
· Salah satu komponen tidak kompetibel dengan PC
· Kerusakan pada memory
· Kerusakan pada hardisk
Cara mengatasi:
1. Cek suhu processor bila panas ganti kipas pendinginnya
2. Coba jalankan Program Norton Ulitilas, Antivirus
3. Coba lepas salah satu komponen PC yang dicurigai.
4. Cek memory apakah berfungsi dengan baik
5. Cek hardisk dengan scandisk apakah ada bad sector
6. Bila sudah dipastikan penyebabnya, komponen yang rusak harus diperbaiki atau diganti.

32. Komputer Sering Mati Mendadak Saat di Pakai
Penyebab:
· Cuk ke power listrik atau stavol longgar
· Power supply tidak berfungsi baik
· Suhu PC terlalu panas terutama processor
Cara mengatasi:
1. Periksa cuk listrik atau stavol sudah baik
2. Coba cek power supply apakah berfungsi dengan baik
3. Perbaiki/ganti colling pan/kipas pendingin
4. Bila sudah dipastikan penyebabnya, komponen yang rusak harus diperbaiki atau diganti.

33. Saat di Hidupkan Bunyi “tit......tit(panjang)” Tanpa Ada Tampilan Apapun di Layar Monitor
Penyebab: Memory tidak berfungsi
Cara mengatasi :
1. Apabila terpasang 2 memory, maka lepas salah satu dan coba hidupkan kembali komputer. Ulangi dengan memory yang satunya
2. Jika sudah diiketahui memory yang bermasalah, bisa di coba membersihkan dengan menggosokkan bagian kuning memory dengan karet penghapus (setip)
3. Kalau tidak bisa cara (2), memory harus diganti kemudian hidupkan kembali PC

34. Saat di Hidupkan Komputer Berbunyi “tit...tit...tit...tit (berulang)” Tanpa Ada Tampilan Apapun di Layar Monitor
Penyebab: VGA card tidak berfungsi
Cara mengatasi:
1. Coba cabut dan pasang kembali dengan baik VGA card pada slot VGA di motherboard
2. Bila tidak bisa cara (1), cabut dan bersihkan bagian kuning vga dengan karet penghapus (setip)
3. Bila tidak bisa cara (2), ganti VGA card

35. CD ROM/CD RW/DVD ROM/FLOPPY DISK Tidak Dapat Berfungsi
Penyebab:
· Cd Rom/Cdrw/Dvd Rom/ Floppy dis belum terinstalasi dengan baik
· Driver Cd Rom/Cdrw/ Dvd Rom belum terinstalasi dengan benar
· CD atau disket yang dipakai rusak
· Sistem operasi tidak dapat bekerja optimal
· PC terinfeksi virus
· Cd Rom/Cdrw/Dvd Rom/ Floppy disk mengalami kerusakan
Cara mengatasi:
1. Cek kembali dengan teliti komponen mana yang mengalami kerusakan
2. Jalankan program Anti virus (scan virus)
3. Bila sudah dipastikan faktor penyebabnya lakukan penggantian atau tindakan perbaikan pada bagian yang bermasalah.

36. Kinerja Komputer / Laptop Mengalami Gangguan
Penyebab:
· PC terinfeksi virus
· System Operasi tidak berfungsi optimal
Cara mengatasi:
1. Jalankan program anti virus (scan virus), Norton Utilities
2. Lakukan perbaikan setting/konfigurasi OS.

37. Printer Tidak Bisa Mencetak Dengan Baik
Penyebab:
· Kabel printer belum terpasang dengan benar
· Driver printer belum diinstal atau disetting dengan benar
· Kertas belum terpasang dengan baik atau kertas terlalu tebal
· Ada benda yang tersangkut dalam printer
· Printah print tidak benar
· OS tidak berfungsi dengan baik
· PC terinfeksi virus
· Kerusakan pada printar
Cara mengatasi:
Teliti dengan baik satu-persatu faktor penyebab seperti pada daftar penyebab diatas. Bila ditemuklan masalahnya, lakukan perbaikan atau penggantian komponen kemudian coba lakukan print kembali

38. Scanner Tidak Bisa Scan
Penyebab:
· Kabel scanner belum terpasang dengan benar
· Driver scanner belum diinstal atau disetting dengan benar
· Printah scan tidak benar
· OS tidak berfungsi dengan baik
· PC terinfeksi virus
· Kerusakan pada scanner
Cara mengatasi:
Teliti dengan baik satu-persatu faktor penyebab seperti pada daftar penyebab diatas. Bila ditemukan masalahnya, segera lakukan perbaikan atau penggantian komponen kemudian coba lakukan scan kembali.

39. Keyboard Mouse Tidak Berfungsi Dengan Baik
Penyebab:
· Kabel Keyboard/Mouse belum terpasang dengan benar
· Driver Keyboard/Mouse belum diinstal atau disetting dengan benar
· OS tidak berfungsi dengan baik
· PC terinfeksi virus
· Kerusakan pada keyboard/mouse
Cara mengatasi:
1. Teliti dengan baik satu-persatu faktor penyebab seperti pada daftar penyebab diatas. Bila ditemukan masalahnya, lakukan perbaikan atau penggantian komponen kemudian coba operasikan kembali
2. Pada mouse perlu bersihkan secara berkala kotoran yang melekat dalam mouse

40. Laptop Menyala Tapi Layar Blank / Gelap
Penyebab: Hardware Failed
Solusi Memperbaikinya :
Laptop menyala, lampu LED pada laptop nyala, pendinginan kipas bekerja tapi tidak ada yang muncul di layar. Layar benar-benar hitam dan kosong. Tidak ada gambar di layar sama sekali, bahkan gambar sangat redup juga tidak ada. Masalah mungkin disebabkan karena kegagalan memori. Modul memori gagal dan laptop tidak menyala karena itu. Dalam hal ini Anda dapat mencoba reseating modul memori untuk memastikan kontak yang baik dengan slot. Anda dapat mencoba melepas modul memori satu per satu dan menguji laptop dengan hanya satu modul memori yang terpasang. Anda dapat mencoba mengganti modul memori dengan modul baru.
Jika reseating / mengganti modul memori tidak membantu, coba lepas hard drive, DVD drive, modem, kartu wireless, keyboard, dll. Dengan kata lain, bongkar laptop dan hanya terpasang peralatan minimal dan uji lagi. Jika laptop masih tidak menyala, kemungkinan besar kegagalan motherboard dan prosesor.

41. Laptop Menyala Kemudian Mati Lagi
Penyebab: Hardware gagal
Laptop menyalakan tanpa menunjukkan gambar apapun pada layar. Setelah beberapa detik laptop akan mati dengan sendirinya. Kemudian menyala dan mati lagi. Ini terus terjadi sampai laptop kita matikan secara total.
Solusi Memperbaikinya :
Kemungkinan besar hal itu terjadi karena beberapa jenis kegagalan motherboard. Anda dapat mencoba reseating / mengganti memori seperti yang saya jelaskan di masalah
Jika tidak membantu, berarti kerusakan motherboard. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, sangat sulit mengganti motherboard, lebih baik membeli laptop baru.

42. Laptop Sangat Bising / Berisik
Penyebab: Kipas pendingin atau hardisk laptop
Solusi Memperbaikinya :
Laptop menyala dan semuanya bekerja dengan baik, namun tibul beberapa keanehan yaitu suara bising dan berderak. Beberapa laptop membuat suara setiap saat, laptop lain hanya sebentar-sebentar.
. Jika laptop membuat kebisingan ketika kipas pendingin mulai berjalan, kemungkinan besar rusak. Pasang kembali kipas pendingin. Jika laptop membuat suara bahkan ketika kipas tidak berputar, mungkin itu berasal dari hard drive. Back up semua data pribadi dari hard drive sesegera mungkin, kerusakan total dapat terjadi setiap saat. Pasang kembali hard drive.

43. Laptop Mati atau Macet Ketika Sedang di Gunakan
Penyebab: Kemungkinan besar ini adalah masalah panas processor
Solusi Memperbaikinya :
Laptop menyala dan berjalan dengan benar, tetapi setelah beberapa saat langsung hang atau mati tanpa peringatan apapun. Ketika itu terjadi, laptop terasa panas di bagian bawah. Juga, kipas pendingin bekerja lebih keras dari biasanya.
Hal ini terjadi karena modul pendingin tersumbat dengan debu dan laptop tidak bisa “bernafas” dengan benar. Laptop dimatikan atau macet karena prosesor (CPU) terlalu panas. Bersihkan kipas pendingin dan heatsink untuk memperbaiki masalah.

44. Battery Laptop Tidak Dapat Terisi
Penyebab: Kerusakan battery
Solusi Memperbaikinya:
1. Jika baterai benar-benar tidak terisi sedikitpun, coba gunakan dulu baterai saja. Jika tidak membantu, keluarkan baterai dan coba jalankan laptop hanya dari AC adaptor. Jika laptop berjalan dengan baik dari adaptor AC tetapi tidak mengisi baterai sama sekali, kemungkinan besar baterai rusak atau masalah motherboard. Cobalah mengganti baterai dulu.
2. Lepas konektor daya DC. Jika pengisian baterai berhenti setelah Anda mengatur posisi ujung adaptor AC di dalam konektor, berarti DC jack bermasalah.
3. Uninstall

45. Layar Gelap Sementara Laptop Menyala / Tetap Berjalan
Penyebab: Kemungkinan besar itu baik inverter layar atau lampu layar backlight (CCFL) rusak
Solusi Memperbaikinya:
1. Cek apakah laptop dapat start dengan benar. Dan setelah beberapa saat apakah lampu layar mati. Gambar masih muncul di layar tetapi sangat gelap. Dalam beberapa kasus lampu layar tidak pernah start tetapi Anda masih bisa melihat gambar yang sangat samar di layar. Dalam semua kasus video laptop tampaknya baik-baik saja jika menggunakan monitor eksternal atau TV.
2. Keduanya jika rusak sangat mirip dan menyebabkan cahaya layar redup. Untuk masalah ini, Anda memerlukan beberapa suku cadang: baik inverter baru atau lampu backlight yang dikenal masih baik.

46. Laptop Memiliki Gambar Yang Aneh di Layar
Penyebab: Kegagalan Kartu grafis
Solusi Cara Memperbaikinya :
1. Tes laptop Anda dengan mencolok ke monitor eksternal. Jika Anda melihat masalah yang sama pada layar eksternal, kemungkinan besar ini adalah kegagalan kartu grafis.
2. Jika masalah hanya muncul di layar laptop, dapat dikaitkan dengan salah satu dari berikut: koneksi yang buruk antara kabel video dan motherboard atau layar LCD atau kabel video gagal atau layar LCD gagal.

47. Beberapa Tombol Keyboard Laptop Tidak Berfungsi
Penyebab: Karet / solderan sudah aus
Solusi Cara Memperbaikinya :
1. Cek dengan software khusus
2. Apabila tidak ditemukan error maka bisa dicoba dengan cara memanaskan bagian belakang keyboard dengan hot gun / hair dryer.
3. Apabila masih juga tidak berfungsi maka disarankan untuk segera mengganti dengan keyboard baru.

48. Tombol Keyboard Laptop Hilang
Penyebab: Tercungkil / patah
Jika tombol hilang dari keyboard, masih mungkin untuk memperbaikinya tanpa mengganti seluruh keyboard. Mudah-mudahan Anda tidak merusak engsel tombol. Jika Anda memiliki banyak tombol hilang, mungkin masuk akal untuk mengganti seluruh keyboard.
Cara Memperbaikinya: Jika cuma 1 atau beberapa tombol bisa dibeli manual, tetapi jika lebih dari 5 tombol lebih baik beli keyboard baru.

49. Tombol Keyboard Tidak Respon / Tidak Berfungsi
Penyebab: Keyboard tertumpahi cairan / sejenisnya
Cara Memperbaikinya :
Tumpahan cairan yang sangat berbahaya dan tak terduga. Jika itu terjadi, matikan laptop, keluarkan baterai dan jangan menggunakannya sampai semua bagian internal diperiksa dari kerusakan cair. Pastikan semua komponen dalam keadaan kering.

50. Kinerja PC Mengalami Gangguan / Menurun
Penyebab: Terinfeksi virus, System Operasi tidak berfungsi optimal
Cara mengatasi:
1. Jalankan program anti virus (scan virus), Norton Utilities
2. Lakukan perbaikan setting/konfigurasi OS.

51. Muncul Pesan Notifikasi “Low Disk Space"
Penyebab: Kapasitas penyimpanan hampir penuh
Cara mengatasi:
1. Pindahkan data penting ke drive D:
2. Jalankan disk cleanup (cleanmgr.exe) dan pilih drive, kemudian centang bagian mana saja yang akan dihapus (misal, temporary internet files, offlines website, recycle bin).
3. Jika masih muncul pesan tersebut, sebaiknya anda mengganti hardisk dengan kapasitas yang lebih besar.

52. Komputer / Laptop Tidak Bisa Tersambung ke Internet
Penyebab:
- Terisinya "IP address" di "internet protocol"
- Terisinya proxy pada browser
- LAN/WiFi dalam keadaan Disabled atau Greyed Out
Cara mengatasi:
1. Enable LAN / Wifi
2. Buka pengaturan jaringan (network), lalu pilih adapter (lan/wifi), properties, dan pilih ip address otomatis.
2. Cek proxy setting dan pilih no proxy
3. Jika cara diatas tidak berhasil, maka buka command prompt dan ketikkan ip config /release dan ip config renew

53. Pesan Error Bluescreen "IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (0X0000000A)"
Penyebab:
- Masalah driver yang compatible atau tidak cocok
- Masalah Video Card, hal ini mencakup video card yang di overclock melebihi batas atau anda baru berganti Video card dan Anda belum menguninstall driver Video card lama dari chipset berbeda
- Masalah Audio Card, meliputi kesalahan konfigurasi atau bug dalam driver sound card
Cara mengatasi:
1. Buka device manager (devmgmt.msc)
2. Uninstall driver vga dan audio
2. Instal kembali driver tersebut

54. Pesan Error Bluescreen "NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM atau FAT_FILE_SYSTEM (0X00000024) atau (0X00000023)
Penyebab: file system pada partisi disk error
Cara mengatasi:
1. Cek kabel SATA atau PATA (pastikan tersambung dengan baik/tidak longgar)
2. Cek partisi dengan tool chkdsk.exe dengan mengetikkan chkdsk /r /f

55. Pesan Error Bluescreen "UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP (0X0000007F)
Penyebab:
- Overclock Hardware yang berlebihan
- Komponen komputer yang kepanasan
- BIOS yang korup
- Memory dan CPU yang cacat
Cara mengatasi:
1. Periksa kembali setingan Overclock di BIOS
2. Periksa komponen yang mempunyai panas berlebihan
3. Pastikan device dapat dikenali oleh BIOS
4. Bersihkan memory / ram dengan setip / karet penghapus

56. Pesan Error Bluescreen "DATA_BUS_ERROR
Penyebab: Memory atau slot memory di motherboard rusak.
Cara mengatasi:
1. Cabut memory dan bersihkan slot dengan kuas lembut
2. Bersihkan memory / ram dengan setip / karet penghapus
3. Pasang kembali memory

57. Pesan Error Bluescreen "PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA
Penyebab: Kerusakan hardware, termasuk memory utama, memory video card, atau memory di processor (L2 Cache)
Cara mengatasi:
1. Cek dengan hireenbot cd dan pilih aplikasi cek prosesor, memory, dan vga.

58. Pesan Error Bluescreen "INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE
Penyebab:
- Kesalahan konfigurasi jumper harddisk
- Virus boot sector,
- Driver IDE controller yang salah
- Kesalahan driver chipset.
Cara mengatasi:
1. Periksa jumper hardisk, apakah sudah berada pada posisi yang benar.
2. Scan dengan antivirus
3. Jika cara diaatas tidak bisa maka instal ulang os nya

59. Pesan Error Bluescreen " VIDEO_DRIVER_INIT_FAILURE
Penyebab: Kesalahan instalasi driver video card
Cara mengatasi:
1. Uninstall driver dan restart
2. Instal kembali dengan driver yang sesuai

60. Pesan Error Bluescreen "BAD_POOL_CALLER"
Penyebab: Driver yang tidak kompatibel
Cara mengatasi:
Kesalahan ini dapat terjadi karena kesalahan atau driver yang tidak kompatibel. Sering terjadi saat melakukan instalasi XP dari upgrade, atau bukan dari instalasi baru. Install ulang semua driver hardware yang terpasang.

61. Pesan Error Bluescreen "PEN_LIST_CORRUPT
Penyebab: Kerusakan RAM
Cara mengatasi:
1. Bersihkan memory / ram dengan setip / karet penghapus
2. Jika masih tidak bisa, silahkan ganti dengan RAM yang baru

62. Pesan Error Bluescreen "MACHINE_CHECK_EXCEPTION
Penyebab:
- Cacatnya CPU
- Overclock secara agresif,
- Power supply yang kekurangan daya atau rusak.
Cara mengatasi:
1. Cek Setingan Overclock di BIOS (back to default)
2. Cek tegangan power supply dengan avo meter
3. Ganti semua komponen yang rusak dengan komponen baru

63. Komputer / Laptop Tidak Bisa di Instal Ulang
Penyebab: Perbedaaan Partisi Disk
Cara mengatasi:
1. Cek jenis partisinya apakah MBR (Master Boot Record) atau GPT (GUID Partition Table)
2. Jika ternyata GPT ubah dahulu ke MBR (bisa lewat disk management atau menggunakan partition tool seperti MiniTool Partition Wizard)
3. Instal ulang bisa dimulai

64.
TO BE CONTINUE....

Demikian daftar 1000 Gejala, Penyebab Serta Cara Mengatasi & Memperbaiki Error dan Kerusakan Komputer Serta Laptop. Semoga dapat berguna bagi kita semua.

Cara Menyembunyikan / Menyamarkan File Menjadi Gambar

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 14 Feb 2017 04:06:00 +0000

Menyembunyikan File

Teknik ini adalah cara yang tergolong cara yang amat sangat super duper kuno, pasti diantara rekan – rekan banyak yang mengetahui cara ini.

Tapi cara ini masih terbukti ampuh, untuk mengelabui orang, baik itu teman, aparat (polisi klo di jalanan), guru (kalau di sekolah), dan seumpama kalau sedang membawa software bajakan, ataupun “video haram” (pengalaman pribadi).

Jika sedang membawa software bajakan ataupun file file yang tidak ingin diketahui oleh orang lain dan pihak yang tidak berkepentingan, langkah-langkah untuk menyembunyikan file ke dalam gambar adalah sebagai berikut:

Cara Menyembunyikan / Menyamarkan File Menjadi Gambar

1. Buatlah file RAR / ZIP yang isinya adalah file – file yang ingin disimpan.
2. Sediakan 1 buah file gambar bisa berupa JPG, BMP, GIF, PNG, ataupun SWF
3. Sampai disini berarti kita sudah punya 2 file yaitu 1 file gambar dan 1 file rar/zip, tempatkan kedua file ini dalam 1 folder (contoh folder di C:/User/Mimin/Downloads/cogan). Misalkan file gambar bernama gambar.jpg dan file rar bernama file.rar
4. Buka Command Prompt Windows
5. Melalui cmd masuk ke dalam folder yang terdapat 2 file tersebut (cd nama_folder).
6. Ketikkan perintah ini: copy /b gambar.jpg + file.rar filesamaran.jpg
7. ENTER

Maka di dalam folder tersebut akan terdapat 1 file baru dengan nama filesamaran.jpg.
Jika filebaru.jpg ini di klik 2 kali maka yang muncul adalah gambar dari file gambar.jpg, namun jika dibuka dengan WinRAR atupun WinZIP dalam file ini terdapat banyak sekali file – file yang telah dikompres dalam file.rar sebelumnya.

Sebenarnya bisa juga untuk merubah atau menyamarkan kedalam bentuk lain seperti ekstensi .txt, .pdf. .xls dan sebagainya. Tetapi jika dibuka malah menjadi error alis tidak file corrupt dan tidak bisa direpair. Pilihan terbaik untuk menyembunyikan file adalah ke dalam bentuk ekstensi gambar.

File to JPG

Jadi siapapun itu baik orang lain, guru maupun polisi melihat isi flashdisk maupun CD yang berisi file yang sudah disamarkan tadi, maka yang terlihat hanyalah file gambar, dan kalau di buka pun yang terlihat juga gambar. Owesom

Selamat mencoba Cara Menyembunyikan & Menyamarkan File Menjadi Gambar. Artikel ini hanya sebagai sarana pembelajaran semata, karena semakin banyak kita tahu, makan kita akan mengetahui bahwa ternyata banyak pula yang tidak kita ketahui.

source:
thinkxfree

Tips Menghindari Kejahatan Kartu Kredit / ATM Skimming

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Sun, 01 Jan 2017 08:10:00 +0000

Carding and Skimming

Kejahatan kartu kredit (carding) dan skimming bisa dilakukan kapan dan di mana saja. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan seseorang menjadi korban kejahatan tersebut.

Moderator komunitas White Hacker Yogyafree XCode, Nathan Gusti Ryan mengungkapkan kejahatan carding bisa terjadi karena keteledoran pemilik kartu kredit itu sendiri. Aksi pencurian kartu kredit seperti dicopet atau juga bisa mengunakan kartu kredit orang lain karena menemukannya secara tidak sengaja.

Sedangkan secara Online, Carding bisa disebabkan keteledoran lemahnya security system pengelola layanan online shopping dan pemilik Electronic Data Capture (EDC). Carding juga bisa dilakukan dengan cara mencuri data dari suatu database yang berisi daftar kartu kredit dan data pemilik lalu mengunakannya untuk belanja online atau melakukan transaksi online shopping.

Pencurian data ini bisa dilakukan oleh seseorang dengan cara melakukan hacking maupun dilakukan oleh karyawan yang menangani EDC suatu toko atau di perusahaan itu sendiri. Hal ini juga berpeluang terjadinya pengandaan kartu kredit.

Teknik Pencurian Data Kartu ATM / Kredit

Selain pencurian data dari Kartu ATM atau Kartu Kredit secara phisical, pencurian data juga dapat dilakukan secara online. Disini bisa terjadi akibat lemahnya keamanan websites yang bisa ditembus dengan berbagai teknik hacking semacam SQL Injection maupun Fake Login.

Contoh tampilan Fake Login KlikBCA dapat anda lihat link dibawah ini dan link ini sekedar contoh tampilan saja loh, bukan fake login beneran. Sekedar menunjukkan dan membuka mata anda bahwa membuat Fake Login itu bukan lah hal yang susah alias mudah. Tinggal melakukan Import Page dari aplikasi Web Designer.

http://jamesbond.xp-solution.com/klikbca

Bandingkan dengan link yang sebenarnya ini :

https://ibank.klikbca.com

Tips Menghindari Kejahatan Kartu Kredit / ATM Skimming

Untuk mencegah kejahatan Carding, Nathan membagi Tips agar anda tak menjadi korban kejahatan tersebut. Ada beberapa cara untuk mencegahnya mulai dari fisik hingga online. Secara Fisik anda bisa melakukan hal – hal seperti di bawah ini:

1. Anda harus memastikan kartu kredit yang anda miliki tersimpan pada tempat yang aman.

2. Jika kehilangan kartu kredit dan kartu identitas kita, segeralah lapor ke pihak berwajib dan dan pihak bank serta segera lakukan pemblokiran pada saat itu juga.

3. Jangan tunggu waktu hingga anda kebobolan karena digunakan oleh orang lain ( baik untuk belanja secara fisik maupun secara online ).

4. Pastikan jika Anda melakukan fotocopy kartu kredit dan kartu identitas tidak sampai digandakan oleh petugas layanan ( yang minta copy CC anda ) atau pegawai fotocopy serta tidak di catat CCV-nya. Saran saya sich agar kita menutup 3 digit angka terakhir CVV dengan kertas putih sebelum CC kita di foto copy. Hal ini untuk menghindari penyalahgunaan CC kita oleh pihak lain dengan tidak semestinya. Perlakukan pengamanan CVV anda sama dengan pengamanan PIN atau Password anda.

5. Jangan asal atau sembarang menyuruh orang lain untuk memfotocopykan kartu kredit dan kartu identitas.

6. Waspadalah pada tempat kita berbelanja, pastikan pada tempat belanja / tempat shopping / counter / gerai / hotel, dll yang benar – benar jelas kredibilitas-nya.

Secara Online, Anda dapat memperhatikan hal berikut:

1. Belanja di tempat ( websites online shopping ) yang aman, jangan asal belanja tapi tdk jelas pengelolanya atau mungkin anda baru pertama mengenalnya sehingga kredibilitasnya masih meragukan.

2. Pastikan pengelola Websites TRANSAKSI ONLINE mengunakan SSL ( Secure Sockets Layer ) yang ditandai dengan HTTPS pada Web Login Transaksi online yang anda gunakan untuk berbelanja.

3. Jangan sembarangan menyimpan FILE SCAN kartu kredit Anda sembarangan, termasuk menyimpannya di flashdisk dan dalam email anda.

source: thinkxfree

8 Cara Mempercepat Loading Blog Menjadi Ringan dan Super Cepat

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Wed, 30 Nov 2016 11:14:00 +0000

Mempercepat Loading Blog

Kali ini Blog Tukang Service akan memberikan informasi seputar loading blog atau website. Loading blog yang terlalu lama tentunya sangat mengganggu dan mengesalkan sekali bukan?. Umumnya suatu blog akan muncul setelah di klik sekitar 1-5 detik. Bila lebih dari itu tentunya membuat pengunjung website aka terlalu lama menunggu dan bahkan (mungkin) akan batal untuk meneruskan mengunjungi website tersebut.

Loading blog adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan suatu blog untuk dapat menampilkan seluruh halaman. Waktu loading itu sendiri tidak terlepas dari beberapa faktor, yang jikalau di acuhkan akan membuat loading semakin lambat.

Nah untuk Membuat Loading Blog Super Cepat dan Ringan kita perlu menerapkan beberapa langkah berikut ini:

Cara Mempercepat Loading Blog Menjadi Ringan

1. Jumlah Gambar
Kurangi penggunaan terlalu banyak gambar apalagi gambar bergerak (.gif) dalam template blog dan (kalau bisa) jangan menggunakan gambar sebagai background template karena saat melakukan loading, gambar akan otomatis ikut terbaca. Seperti yang ada pada blog Toko Mainan Anak Jogja SeButik.com, tidak ada gambar atau gambar background yang terpasang pada template. Solusinya adalah meminimalkan jumlah gambar yang dipasang pada blog Anda.

2. Ukuran Gambar
Ukuran gambar juga mempengaruhi loading blog (tetapi tidak banyak mempengaruhinya) dan juga kenyaman pembaca artikel blog Anda. Jika Anda menampilkan ukuran gambar sesuai ukuran aslinya, ganti ukuran gambar tersebut menjadi ukuran yang lebih kecil. Sobat bisa gunakan jpg compressor untuk mengecilkan ukuran file gambar dengan tidak mengurangi kualitas gambar tersebut.

3. Url Gambar
Pada artikel blog, jangan menggunakan url gambar dari luar atau milik url gambar milik blog orang lain, karena hal ini akan terbaca sebagai external link atau media dari luar blog Anda. Misalnya menggunakan url gambar dari situs photobucket, tinypic, atau url gambar blogspot milik orang lain. Solusi agar usaha mempercepat loading blog Anda berhasil, upload sendiri gambar yang ingin Anda pasang pada artikel blog Anda, seperti saya selalu mengupload foto sendiri. Untuk mensiasati jumlah link gambar yang terlalu banyak, Anda bisa menggunakan teknik CSS Sprite, yaitu menggabungkan beberapa gambar menjadi satu gambar. Mengenai cara mengubah gambar dengan teknik CSS Sprite akan Tukan Service jelaskan pada artikel berikutnya.

4. Html Script
Jika Sobat menggunakan template dan pada template tersebut mengandung html script orang lain, pastikan Anda menggantinya terlebih dahulu. Misalnya kode script untuk artikel terkait, http://scriptoranglain.googlecode.com/files/artikelterkait.js karena jika Anda menggunakan script orang lain maka link script itu akan dibaca sebagai media luar dari template Anda Solusinya agar usaha mempercepat loading blog Anda berhasil, ganti script tersebut dengan script Anda sendiri. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk menjaga konsistensi dari url script tersebut, yang mana bila kemudian hari url tersebut sudah tidak aktif lagi. Dan pastikan script pada template blog Anda bersih dari script yang tidak diperlukan untuk dapat meningkatkan kecepatan loading blog Anda.

6. Link Layanan atau widget
Jangan memasang link layanan yang tidak dibutuhkan kedalam template Sobat Misalnya layanan sosial bookmark dari Add this atau Webiya, karena mau tidak mau blog Sobat akan membaca link script dari layanan tersebut. Solusinya buatlah link layanan sendiri dengan kode script anda sendiri. Semakin banyak link layanan yang dipasang tentu akan mempengaruhi waktu loading blog Anda.

7. Iklan
Untuk memasang iklan di blog, sebaiknya jangan terlalu berlebihan karena dapat mengganggu kenyaman pengunjung blog sehingga kemungkinan besar pengunjung tidak akan betah belama-lama di blog Anda.

8. IFrame
Sangat tidak disarankan untuk memasang iframe pada blog, karena iframe adalah bingkai untuk menampilkan webpage lain pada suatu halaman blog dan sangat memperngaruhi loading blog Anda. Salah satu contoh Iframe yang banyak digunakan adalah chatbox, musik player, atau video. Karena tidak semua pengunjung menyukai iframe yang terpasang pada blog Anda.

Begitulah 8 Cara Mempercepat Loading Blog agar menjadi Ringan dan Super Cepat, tentu tidak ada salahnya Anda coba menggunakan cara diatas untuk mempercepat blog Anda.

Cara Merubah / Mengecilkan Ukuran Foto / Gambar dengan FastStone Photo Resizer

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Mon, 22 Aug 2016 13:28:00 +0000

Mengecilkan Ukuran Foto

irawanindra.blogpspot.co.id - Sebelum sobat teknisi mengetahui cara merubah dan mengecilkan ukuran foto atau gambar, maka ada baiknya untuk mengenal dahulu software FZResizer yang akan digunakan nantinya.

FZResizer (Fast Stone Photo Resizer) adalah software image converter alias software pengubah gambar yang sangat mudah digunakan bahkan untuk pemula sekalipun. Terlebih dalam merubah dan mengecilkan ukuran foto atau gambar dalam jumlah yang banyak.

Format file foto atau gambar yang bisa di rubah adalah file yang berekstensi JPG, JPE, JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIF, TIFF, CUR, ICO, PNG, PCX, JP2, J2K, TGA, PPM, WMF, PSD, dan EPS. Selain untuk mengecilkan ukuran file, software ini juga merubah gambar menjadi format ekstensi lain.

Oke, kita mulai untuk cara merubah dan mengecilkan ukuran foto atau gambar.

Cara Mengecilkan Ukuran Foto / Gambar dengan FastStone Photo Resizer

1. Langkah pertama adalah dengan menginstal software FZResizernya disini. Kemudian double klik FSResizerSetup32.exe untuk menginstal. (Jika muncul notif User Access Control maka Pilih YES untuk mengijinkan instalasi.

2. Ekstrak file yang sudah di download tadi.

3. Double klik FSResizerSetup32.exe.

4. Tunggu hingga proses instalasi selesai.
5. Yup, kini FastStone Photo Resizer sudah terinstal.

Nah, sekarang saatnya kita mencoba untuk mengecilkan ukuran foto tanpa mengurangi kualitas foto tsb;

1. Jalankan FastStone Photo Resizer

2. Jika tidak berjalan otomatis, maka buka folder dimana aplikasi tsb berada (C:\Program Files\FastStone Photo Resizer)
Kemudian membuka aplikasi FSResizer.exe

3. Setelah membuka progam tersebut , tampilan nya sebagai berikut
kemudian melakukan settingan pada progam Fast Stone Photo Resizer 3.3 tersebut
*centang pada kolom Use Advanced Options (Resize .... ) , Kemudian Klik Advanced Options

4. Kemudian Centang Kolom Resize kemudian pilih in Percentage
*Sesuaikan ukuran yang diinginkan (saran saya sih cukup 50%)

5. Pilih File/Foto yang mau diresize, dengan cara memilih beberapa gambar seperti dibawah ini , kemudian didrag dengan mouse menuju kolom input (disebelah kanan).

6. Pada Output Folder Klik tombol Browse (Berguna untuk mencari folder penyimpanan setelah di resize).
Pilih tempat yang mudah ditemukan , atau membuat folder sendiri dengan meng-klik Create Folder.
*Tulis Nama Folder yang inginkan , Kemudian Ok (penyimpanan biasa terdapat di Dekstop komputer anda).

7. Maka dalam Kolom FSResizer muncul beberapa list yang akan di resize seperti gambar dibawah
*Kemudian pada Output Folder Klik tombol Browse (Berguna untuk mencari folder foto yang telah di resize)

8. Saat Kolom Output Folder telah terisi , Klik Tombol Convert
*Output Folder merupakan lokasi dimana sobat teknisi menyimpan foto yang bakal di-Resize nanti, jadi jangan sampai lupa ya.

9. Tunggu hingga proses Convert selesai , kemudian klik Done.

10. Selesai! Foto/File yang telah dipilih untuk di Resize/Convert sudah sukses
*Untuk menemukan File/Foto tersebut bisa dilihat pada Output Folder.

Sekian artikel mengenai cara merubah dan mengecilkan ukuran foto atau gambar dengan FastStone Photo Resizer, semoga dapat bermaanfaat bagi sobat teknisi semua, happy blogging :)

Cara Mengatasi System Reserved Error

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Thu, 05 May 2016 01:47:00 +0000

irawanindra.blogspot.co.id - System Reserved adalah sebuah partisi khusus yang dibuat oleh sistem windows sebagai media penyimpanan bootloader windows yang diperlukan untuk proses boot sistem operasi windows, secara default partisi ini tidak terlihat oleh sistem windows. Walaupun tidak mengganggu, beberapa pengguna windows merasa ada yang mengganjal dengan kehadiran partisi ini, termasuk saya, oleh karena itu pada artikel kali ini saya akan membahas proses memindahkan BCD Bootloader dari partisi system reserved menuju partisi sistem windows, perlu diketahui sebelumnya meskipun selama menggunakan cara ini , Alhamdulillah belum pernah mengalami data hilang, partisi error dan sejenisnya, tapi sangat disarankan untuk melakukan backup terhadap data-data penting yang ada di sistem untuk berjaga jika terjadi musibah.

Sebelumnya pastikan anda telah mengetahui (drive letter) dimana sistem windows terpasang, secara default berada di C: , jalankan perintah berikut untuk memasang (membuat ulang) BCD bootloader pada partisi sistem windows.

Gunakan cara ini dengan memasukkan CD installer windows kemudian pilih command prompt.

bcdboot c:\windows /s c:

Setelah selesai, menggunakan windows disk management atau menggunakan diskpart untuk mengatasi System Reserved Error tersebut, berikan attribute active pada partisi windows (C:) yang telah dipasang bcd bootloader.

ketik: DISKPART

ketik: list disk

ketik: select disk no
#disk 0 adalah hardisk utama

ketik: list partition
Wajib untuk mengetahui lokasi partisi windows berada

ketik: select partition

ketik: ACTIVE

Kemudia restart windows. Setelah masuk ke system kini atribut dari partisi System Reserved telah menjadi partisi biasa dan dapat dihapus jika diinginkan. Bootloader juga telah ditandai active di lokasi dimana system windows berada.

Sekian informasi cara mengatasi System Reserved Error pada komputer atau laptop, semoga bermanfaat.

5 Cara Reset & By Pass Windows 7 Karena Lupa Password

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 15 Mar 2016 05:19:00 +0000

Lupa Password = Reset Password

Service Komputer – Di zaman yang modern ini, lupa bukan hanya bisa dialami terhadap benda-benda fisik. Seringkali anda dan kami juga tentunya lupa password akun sendiri. Hal ini lantaran banyaknya akun-akun yang kita miliki baik di media sosial, hingga pin ATM anda sendiri mungkin.

Salah satu hal yang cukup menyulitkan adalah ketika anda lupa password Windows 7 anda. Nah lupa akun Windows 7 ini bisa jadi salah satu penyebab terhambatnya pekerjaan anda. Apalagi jika anda tidak bisa mengatasi masalah lupa password Windows 7 ini. Meski demikian kami punya solusinya untuk anda semua!

Lupa password windows adalah hal sepele dan sering terjadi bagi pengguna komputer. Karena saking sulitnya password tersebut untuk di ingat dan tidak disimpan, jadilah lupa. Banyak cara mengatasi lupa password windows 7, tetapi kali ini saya membagikan cara yang pernah saya gunakan dan 100 % berhasil sampai dengan saat ini.

Cara Mengatasi Lupa Password Windows Dengan Reset Password

5 Cara ini sangat cocok untuk menghindari resiko kehilangan data dan program yang telah terinstal. Karena pentingnya data yang ada didalamnya dan tidak ada backupan data. Cara ini untuk reset dan bypass password windows dengan mudah dan cepat.

1. Lupa Password Windows 7: Menggunakan Disk Reset Password (Jika Anda Punya)

Salah satu kebiasaan baik yang mungkin dapat berguna disaat-saat seperti ini adalah dengan memanfaatkan fitur password-reset disk. Sebagaimana yang telah ditulis, cara ini hanya bisa dilakukan jika sebelumnya anda sudah pernah membuat password-reset disk ini. Itulah mengapa kami menyebut ini sebagai kebiasaan baik.

Salah satu interface yang terdapat pada Windows 7 adalah, ketika anda lupa password Windows 7 anda, dan memasukkan password itu hingga 5 kali, maka kemudian anda akan diberikan pilihan reset password di bawah kotak login.

Daripada anda mencoba ini terus menerus, anda bisa memasukkan password-disk yang telah anda buat sebelumnya ke dalam komputer anda. Nah kemudian windows 7 secara otomatis akan membuka password reset wizard.

Setelah memasuki menu ini, anda tinggal melanjutkan langkah-langkahnya sesuai dengan yang diperintahkan oleh Windows 7, hingga pada akhirnya anda akan diperintahkan untuk memasukkan password Windows 7 anda.

Jika anda masih bingung mengenai konsep ini, bayangkan saja anda memiliki semacam “kunci” untuk laptop, layaknya kunci mobil anda. Tanpa anda memasukkan kunci itu, maka laptop atau PC anda tidak akan menyala. Dengan kata lain, anda membuat disk lain menjadi “kunci” bagi laptop anda.

2. Lupa Password Windows 7: By Pass Melalui Mode Aman (Safe Mode)

Salah satu metode lain yang bisa anda lakukan jika anda mengalami lupa password Windows 7 anda adalah dengan memasuki mode aman Windows 7 anda ini. Cara untuk masuk ke mode aman alias safe mode adalah dengan menekan F8 sebelum muncul loading screen.

Di sana anda akan diberikan beberapa pilihan dan pilihlah safe mode with command prompt. Setelah memilih itu maka tekan enter dan anda pun akan memasuki safe mode. Nah di dalam sana ketikkanlah net user dan tekan enter. Setelah itu anda akan ditampilkan seluruh akun Windows 7 yang terdaftar di dalam laptop ataupun PC milik anda.

Pilihlah akun yang anda kehendaki untuk anda ganti password nya dengan cara ketik net (spasi) id_user (spasi) password yang diinginkan. Setelah itu anda bisa melakukan restart Windows 7 dan silahkan masuk dengan menggunakan akun baru anda tadi.

3. Lupa Password Windows 7: Reset Password Menggunakan User Administrator Lain

Cara ini merupakan salah satu cara praktis, namun hanya bisa anda lakukan jika komputer ataupun laptop anda ini (1) merupakan perangkat yang digunakan bersama-sama atau (2) anda membuat akun administrator lain di dalam komputer anda.

Nah pilihlah akun yang lain tersebut. Nantinya melalui akun tersebut anda bisa mengubah password lama anda menjadi password yang baru.

Bagaimana cara mengubah password akun anda menggunakan akun user lain di dalam perangkat anda. Pertama-tama anda boleh bisa membuka panel kontrol di dalam perangkat anda. Di dalamnya pilihlah menu user accounts. Lalu dengan mudah anda bisa pilih manage another account, dan didalamnya boleh pilih change the password.

Voila! Anda sudah bisa masuk menggunakan akun dengan password baru milik anda. Mudah bukan?

4. Lupa Password Windows 7: Reset Password Menggunakan SETHC

1. Nyalakan Komputer/Laptop (Jika PC keadaan menyala maka restart pc-nya).2. Pada saat keluar tulisan Starting Windows, tekan tombol Ctrl + Alt + Del
3. Setelah melakukan cara kedua, maka akan muncul tampilan seperti gambar dibawah ini , Pilih Launch Startup Repair (recommended)
4. Kemudian akan muncul Window Startup Repair, tunggu beberapa detik dan akan muncul pertanyaan “Do you want to restart your computer using System Restore“ Jika muncul pertanyaan seperti itu sobat klik “Cancel”
5. Maka akan memulai proses “Attempting Repair..” tunggu sekitar 10 – 15 menit
6. Setelah menunggu 10 – 15 menit maka muncul Error, kemudian klik “Hide Problem Details” kemudian scroll kebawah lalu klik “X:\Windows\system32 … “
7. Jika sudah diklik maka akan muncul notepad, setelah muncul notepad klik Open > File > Local Disk D: > Windows > System32> Files of Type ganti menjadi “All Files”

8. Dan cari “sethc” kemudian rename menjadi “sethcold”
9. Cari “cmd” kemudian copy dan pastekan, maka menjadi “cmd – copy” selanjutnya yaitu merename cmd – copy menjadi “sethc” selanjutnya kita klik Close => Close => Don’t Send => Lalu Finish
10. Maka PC akan reboot secara otomatis, dan jika sudah keluar Login Windows disini hal yang harus kita lakukan yaitu menekan tombol “Shift 5x” dengan cepat maka akan muncul cmd.
11. Setelah muncul cmd, ketikan perintah net user (menggunakan spasi) untuk mengetahui user Administrator
12. Dari gambar user administrator saya adalah BBDCom , setelah mengetahui user tersebut kita perlu mengubah passwordnya menjadi yang sobat inginkan atau kita kosongkan (tanpa password) yaitu dengan cara mengetikan perintah
C:\Windows\system32>net user BBDCom * (gunakan spasi) lalu enter
maka muncul pertanyaan :
Type a password for the user :(isikan password baru / kosongkan saja lalu enter)
Retype the password to confirm :(ulangi password baru / kosongkan saja lalu enter)
13. Selamat anda sudah bisa login ke Windows 7 seperti biasa

6. Lupa Password Windows 7: Melakukan Reset Password Menggunakan Software Khusus

Cara yang terakhir ini merupakan cara yang cukup mudah, hanya jika anda sudah melakukan instalasi. Untuk melakukan instalasi tentu anda harus mengunduh file nya terlebih dahulu. Software apa yang bisa anda download?

Ada banyak software yang bisa anda unduh, namun salah satu yang cukup kami rekomendasikan adalah iSee Password Recovery. Selain itu sebelum mengunduh program ini, kami menyarankan anda untuk membeli DVD, ataupun drive portable apapun sehingga anda nantinya bisa menginstalasi program ini ke dalam drive portable tersebut. Yuk kita bahas satu per satu langkah yang bisa anda lakukan ketika lupa password Windows 7 ini!

Pertama-tama lakukanlah pengunduhan program ini, cari lah program ini di mesin pencari Google. Kemudian lakukanlah instalasi program ini, tentu saja lakukan instalasi menggunakan perangkat lainnya yang bisa anda akses.

Kemudian setelah itu, untuk masuk ke dalam program ini, anda bisa lakukan klik kanan pada ikon program ini dan kemudian klik run as administrator. Jika anda melakukan ini dengan benar, maka anda akan melihat menu utama yang berisi pilihan untuk membuat CD/DVD atau USB khusus untuk password reset.

Setelah itu anda bebas memilih untuk membuat drive khusus untuk reset password, baik menggunakan USB ataupun CD/DVD. Tentu saja sebelum mulai membuat drive khusus tersebut, anda harus memasukkan CD/DVD baru (serta harus memiliki CD/DVD Writer di dalam perangkat anda), ataupun USB yang masih kosong.

Alasannya sederhana, karen aplikasi ini akan melakukan burning ke dalam media penyimpanan yang anda pilih tersebut. Karena nya tentu saja anda harus memilih drive yang masih kosong dan bisa diisi dengan file lain. Tunggu proses burning, cepat ataupun lama nya proses ini dipengaruhi berbagai macam faktor, dan salah satunya tentu saja performa perangkat milik anda.

Jika anda sudah selesai melakukan burning, silahkan colokkan ataupun masukkan drive tersebut ke dalam perangkat yang anda lupa password akunnya. Nah sebelum sempat masuk ke menu awal, anda harus masuk ke dalam BIOS, untuk masuk ke dalam BIOS ini ada berbagai macam cara, dan bergantung dari brand yang anda gunakan. Namun umumnya anda bisa menekan F8 ketika awal-awal komputer anda melakukan booting, dan anda akan masuk ke dalam menu BIOS.

Setelah masuk ke BIOS, pilihlah pilihan boot device priority, pilihlah pilihan tersebut sesuai dengan drive yang anda manfaatkan untuk mengubah password anda. Setelah itu restart kembali perangkat anda. Nah kali ini secara otomatis perangkat anda akan melakukan booting via aplikasi ini. Terakhir, pilihlah reset password maka setelah ini anda bisa kemudian masuk ke dalam perangkat anda menggunakan password baru anda.

Itulah 5 Cara Reset & By Pass Karena Lupa Password Windows 7. Masing-masing cara tentu saja memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan yang berbeda-beda. Namun seluruh cara yang kami tulis di dalam artikel ini pada dasarnya kami rekomendasikan untuk anda lakukan seluruhnya. Jika anda mengetahui cara yang lainnya anda bisa tambahkan di kolom komentar dibawah. Selamat mencoba!

Google Play Store Connection Time Out

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Sun, 24 Aug 2014 04:55:00 +0000

Hari ini saya kesulitan dan hampir putus asa ketika berusaha untuk mengakses Google Play Store. Google Play Store memiliki kesalahan umum yang muncul ketika Saya mencoba untuk mengaksesnya. "Connection Time Out - Retry" adalah pesan kesalahan yang muncul ketika aplikasi Google Play Store pada ponsel/tablet Android gagal terhubung, meskipun Internet bekerja baik-baik saja dengan aplikasi lain.

Bagaimana cara memperbaiki Google Play Store Connection Time Out? Ada beberapa cara untuk memperbaiki dan menyingkirkan pesan kesalahan "Connection Time Out - Retry". Setelah banyak browsing dan membaca puluhan posting forum dan situs/blog (tapi tidak berhasil), akhirnya saya bisa menyelesaikannya dengan satu solusi, yang dapat membantu Anda memperbaiki pesan kesalahan ini di ponsel Android atau tablet.

Berikut adalah cara untuk memperbaiki Google Play Store yang tidak bisa di akses:

Masuk kedalam setting > Wireless & Networks > More > Mobile Network Setting > Access Point Names (sesuaikan dengan provider/kartu yang digunakan untuk paket data) > Access Point Names > New APN (tombol +) lalu isi setting APN sebagai berikut:

Nama APN : internet
APN : internet
Username : (dikosongkan)
Password : (dikosongkan)
Proxy : (dikosongkan)
Port : (dikosongkan)
Server : (dikosongkan)

Kemudian restart ponsel/tablet android Anda dan silahkan coba untuk mengakses Google Play Store kembali.

Catatan: Saya menggunakan provider/kartu telkomsel. Untuk setting APN provider lain silahkan buka situs resmi provider yang Anda gunakan.

Sekian tulisan saya berbagi pengalaman mengenai masalah Google Play Store Tidak Bisa Di Akses atau Google Play Store Coneection Time Out.

Cara mengatasi the disk is write protected

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 01 Jul 2014 03:14:00 +0000

Flash Disk atau biasa juga disebut Pendrive merupakan sebuah media penyimpanan yang saat ini cukup populer di kalangan masyarakat kita. tidak dapat dipungkiri penemuan flashdisk ini menjadi sangat fenomenal karena ukuran yang sangat kecil dan compact dapat menggantikan fungsi disket sebagai perangkat penyimpanan bahkan hardisk yang mempunyai kapasitas yang cukup besar, mulai dari 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, 32GB bahkan sekarang sudah banyak beredar flashdisk dengan kapasitas hingga 1TB. Flashdisk menjadikan sebuah tempat penyimpanan file penting favorit kita.

The disk is write protected

Namun sebagaimana sifat barang elektronik, tak terkecuali flashdisk pun bisa mengalami kerusakan atau error, entah itu karena faktor internal seperti terkena virus atau faktor eksternal misalnya terkena air atau terjatuh. nah pada pembahasan kali ini saya ingin memberikan sebuah solusi dimana tiba - tiba flash disk tidak dapat kita format atau bahkan tidak dapat kita akses dikarenakan "The Disk is Write Protected". artinya bahwa perangkat ini tidak dapat di akses dan di format dikarenakan telah terkunci. Berikut ini merupakan ulasannya Bagaimana Mengatasi The Disk is write protected pada Flashdisk, silahkan disimak.
Indikasi dan Faktor penyebab flashdisk ini mengalami write protected adalah karena seringnya flashdisk dicabut dengan tidak melalui safely remove (langsung dicabut) sehingga perangkat flashdisk mengalami malfunction pada bagian aksesnya. maka dari itu untuk dapat menghindari kejadian serupa, hendaknya biasakan diri agar melakukan safely remove setiap hendak melepas flash disk dari komputer atau laptop. Baca Juga cara memperbaiki flashdisk rusak atau tidak terdeteksi komputer.

Solusi Mengatasi Disk is Write Protected

Jangan panik dan gelisah, karena flashdisk yang mengalami hal ini (write protected) masih dapat kita selamatkan. bagaimana caranya ? yuk langsung saja kita bahas.

1. Colokan Flashdisk (FD) pada Komputer / laptop anda.
2. Setelah terdeteksi, buka jendela Registry Edit milik windows, caranya klik START > RUN > lalu ketik REGEDIT atau tekan tombol win+R dam ketik REGEDIT.

ketik regedit

3. Setelah itu akan muncul jendela Registry Edit yang dimaksud, selanjutnya coba anda buka

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Currentcontrolset\control\

dan cari string StorageDevicePolicies. Jika tidak menemukannya, silahkan buat baru, caranya sebagai berikut :

langkah pertama, buka

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Currentcontrolset\control\

lalu klik kanan di folder control. Pilih New > Key lalu ubah namanya menjadi StorageDevicePolicies. Klik kanan di folder StorageDevicePolicies yang baru dibuat tadi, lalu pilih DWORD(32-bit) untuk yang memiliki OS 32bit, atau DWORD(64-bit) untuk kalian yang memilki OS versi 64 bit. Lalu ganti lagi nama DWORD yang baru saja kita buat menjaid WriteProtect dan double click lalu ganti value datanya menjadi 0 dengan heksadesimal. lalu silahkan close regeditnya.

Sekarang coba silahkan lakukan refresh pada komputer anda setelah itu lakukan safely remove untuk mencabut flashdisk anda tadi. Lalu lakukan restart pada komputer, setelah di restart, coba colok flashdisk lagi kemudian lakukan proses Format. Voila !! flashdisk anda pun kembali dapat digunakan. cukup mudah bukan ?

4. Buka command prompt (CMD) dan ketikkan: DISKPART lalu tekan ENTER.

Selanjutnya ketik: LIST DISK lalu tekan ENTER.

Cari di disk berapa flashdsik yang mengalami disk is write protected berada, kemudian ketik: SELECT DISK lalu tekan ENTER.

Dan ketikkan: ATTRIBUTES DISK CLEAR READONLY lalu tekan ENTER.

Setelah disk attributes cleared succesfully, silahkan restart dan cek kembali flashdisk anda.

Itulah tadi Solusi Mengatasi Flashdisk Write Protected. semoga bermanfaat.

Cara Mengakses Mikrotik RB750

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Sun, 06 Apr 2014 12:51:00 +0000

Silakan nyalakan Mikrotik RB750 nya, hubungkan port ether 1 ke PC menggunakan kabel UTP straight. Jika beru pertama kali dinyalakan maka konfigurasi default IP address ether 1 nya adalah 192.168.88.1. Silakan anda ganti IP address ethernet PC anda ke 192.168.88.2. Kalau sudah anda bisa mengakses mikrotik dengan Winbox, putty, telnet, atau webfig. Caranya silakan anda baca artikel ini 4 cara dalam mengakses Mikrotik. Namun saya sarankan anda menggunakan Winbox untuk mengakses Mikrotik RB750 nya agar lebih mudah. Silakan anda Download Winbox Mikrotik disini.

Namun jika anda ingin mencoba mengakses Mikrotik RB750 nya menggunakan basis text, misal menggunakan ssh (putty) atau telnet anda bisa mempelajari perintah dasar yang sering digunakan di Mikrotik disini Kumpulan Perintah-perintah Dasar Mikrotik RouterOS.

Setting Mikrotik RB750 untuk Internet Speedy

Berikut ini adalah cara Setting Mikrotik RB750 dengan koneksi Internet Speedy. Disini dial ke Speedy nya langsung dari Mikrotik, tidak menggunakan modem ADSL.
1. Silakan set Modem ADSL anda ke mode ‘BRIDGE’, jadi kalo masih mode ‘PPPoE’ silahkan di ‘RESET’ modemnya & setting ulang.

2. Reset juga Mikrotik RB750 nya bila masih baru atau menggunakan setting default bawaan Mikrotik. Caranya :
- Pada Winbox Pilih Menu System --> Reset Configuration --> Reset Configuration

- Reboot Mikrotik

3. Selanjutnya, kita mulai dengan Log In Winbox dan memilih Mac Address (Jangan IP Address) untuk koneksi ke Mikrotik.

4. Ganti nama Interface nya
Pada Winbox Pilih Menu Interface
Klik [+] klik 2x ether1 Name=Speedy
Klik [+] klik 2x ether2 Name=Lokal

5. Ganti IP Address Mikrotik
Pada Winbox Pilih Menu New Terminal, ketik :

/ip address
Copy-Paste kode berikut :
add address=192.168.0.1/24 network=192.168.0.0 broadcast=192.168.0.255 interface=Lokal
add address=192.168.1.2/24 network=192.168.1.0 broadcast=192.168.1.255 interface=Speedy

6. Menambahkan PPP – PPPoE Client
Pada Winbox Pilih Menu PPP – klik [+] - PPPoE Client
Tab General Name=pppoe-speedy1 Interfaces=Speedy
Tab Dial Out Service=internet User= ****01***2**@telkom.net (Username Speedy Anda) Password=(Password Speedy Anda) Profile=Default Checklist pada Pilih Menuan ‘Add Default Route & User Peer DNS’, Pilih Menuan Allow Checklist semua, OK.

7. Menambahkan DNS
Pada Winbox Pilih Menu IP --> DNS --> Setting
Bila DNS Server sudah muncul, tinggal memberi checklist pada Pilih Menuan ‘Allow Remote Requests’, OK
Gunakan juga DNS Server tersebut untuk PC Billing & PC Client Anda
Untuk lebih jelasnya tentang DNS silakan baca artikel ini Cara Konfigurasi DNS Server Mikrotik.

8. Mengganti TCP/IP PC-BILLING / PC CLIENT
Setting terlebih dahulu PC/Komputer yang digunakan untuk proses instalasi mikrotik anda. Caranya :
Buka Control Panel – Network Connection – Local Area Connection – Klik kanan & Pilih Menu Properties – Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) – Properties.
Use the Following IP Address: IP Address = 192.168.0.2 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Gateway = 192.168.0.1
Use the Following DNS Server Addresses: Gunakan DNS Server & Alternatif DNS Server yang ada pada setting DNS Tadi.
Setting Mangle TCP/UDP Port

9. Mengganti Time Zone pada NTP
Karena beberapa RouterBoard/Mikrotik tidak menggunakan Battere CMOS, agar zona waktu RouterBoard/Mikrotik berjalan normal maka harus kita setting.
Pada Winbox Pilih Menu System --> NTP Client
Untuk lebih jelasnya silakan lihat disini Apa itu NTP? Setting NTP Client di Mikrotik.

10. Menambahkan konfigurasi Firewall NAT (Network Address Translation)
Pada Winbox Pilih Menu IP --> Firewall --> Tab NAT atau buka New Terminal dan ketik :
/ip firewall nat
add chain=srcnat src-address=192.168.0.0/24 out-interface=pppoe-speedy1 action=masquerade comment=”NAT from 192.168.0.0/24 output to Speedy”
add chain=srcnat src-address=192.168.0.2 out-interface=Lokal action=masquerade comment=” NAT from 192.168.0.2 output to Lokal”

Sampai disini Mikrotik RB750 anda seharusnya sudah bisa melakukan koneksi ke Internet, silahkan coba melakukan di Mikrotik nya dan coba browsing dari PC Client. Jika berhasil berarti Setingan sudah benar.

Demikianlah Tutorial Cara Mengakses Mikrotik RB750, semoga bermanfaat.

Kumpulan Perintah Dasar Mikrotik RouterOS

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Wed, 29 Jan 2014 07:28:00 +0000

Kumpulan Perintah Dasar Mikrotik RouterOS - Bagi anda yang baru belajar menggunakan Mikrotik pasti masih bingung dengan perintah (command line) yang digunakan pada RouterOS. Padahal banyak perintah-perintah dasar Mikrotik yang penting dan wajib diketahui agar anda dapat menggunakan Mikrotik RouterOS dengan baik. Sebenarnya perintah–perintah dasar MikroTik RouterOS tidak jauh berbeda dengan perintah dasar pada linux umumnya. Karena sebetulnya mikrotik ini merupakan perkembangan dari kernel linux Debian.

Perintah shell Mikrotik RouterOS sama dengan linux, seperti penghematan perintah, cukup menggunakan tombol TAB di keyboard maka perintah yang panjang, tidak perlu lagi diketikkan, hanya ketikkan awal nama perintahnya, nanti secara otomatis Shell akan menampilkan sendiri perintah yang berkenaan. Misalnya perintah IP ADDRESS di mikrotik. Cukup hanya mengetikkan IP ADD spasi tekan tombol TAB, maka otomatis shell akan mengenali dan menterjemahkan sebagai perintah IP ADDRESS.

Berikut ini merupakan perintah perintah dasar Mikrotik yang umum digunakan :
1. Perintah untuk shutdown dan restart computer , ketikkan :

[admin@MikroTik]>system shutdown (Untuk shutdown komputer )
[admin@MikroTik]>system reboot       (Untuk restart computer )
[admin@MikroTik]>system reset   (Untuk meret konfigurasi yang sudah dibuat sebelumnya).
Dan perlu diperhatikan bahwa perintah – perintah tersebut harus dilakukan pada direktori admin.

2. Perintah untuk merubah nama mesin Mikrotik , ketikkan :

[admin@MikroTik]>/system identity
[admin@MikroTik]>system identity > set name=proxy
Untuk melihat hasil konfigurasi , ketikkan “print” atau “pr”
Contok [admin@MikroTik]system indentity>pr name:”proxy”
Lalu console berubah menjadi [admin@proxy]

3. Perintah merubah password mesin Mikrotik , ketikkan

[admin@proxy]>/ password
[admin@proxy]password>old password (jika sebelumnya anda belum mengeset password maka ketikkan kosong)
[admin@proxy]password>new password :……(ketikkan password yang baru)
[admin@proxy]password>retype new password: ……..(masukkan sekali lagi passowrdnya)

Sebagai contoh :
Jika password lama kosong dan password baru ABCD, maka perintahnya adalah sebagai berikut :

[admin@proxy]>/password
[admin@proxy]password>old password
[admin@proxy]password>new password ABCD
[admin@proxy]password>retype new password ABCD

4. Perintah untuk melihat kondisi interface pada Mikrotik Router :
[admin@Mikrotik] > interface print
Flags: X – disabled, D – dynamic, R – running
#    NAME                         TYPE             RX-RATE    TX-RATE    MTU
0 R ether1                        ether            0          0          1500
1 R ether2                       ether            0          0          1500
[admin@Mikrotik]>
Jika interfacenya ada tanda X (disabled) setelah nomor (0,1), maka periksa lagi
etherned cardnya, seharusnya R (running).
a. Mengganti nama interface
    [admin@Mikrotik] > interface(enter)
b. Untuk mengganti nama Interface ether1 menjadi Public (atau tersenamanya),maka:
    [admin@Mikrotik] interface> set 0 name=Public
c. Begitu juga untuk ether2, misalkan namanya diganti menjadi Local, maka
    [admin@Mikrotik] interface> set 1 name=Local
d. atau langsung saja dari posisi root direktori, memakai tanda “/”, tanpa tanda kutip
    [admin@Mikrotik] > /interface set 0 name=Public
e. Cek lagi apakah nama interface sudah diganti.
    [admin@Mikrotik] > /interface print
    Flags: X – disabled, D – dynamic, R – running
   #    NAME                         TYPE             RX-RATE    TX-RATE    MTU
   0 R Local                        ether            0          0          1500
   1 R Public                       ether            0          0          1500

5. Perintah untuk melihat paket software Mikrotik OS :

[admin@proxy]>/system package
[admin@proxy]system package>
Dengan perintah diatas maka akan tampil paket softwore yang ada dalam MikroTik Os Contoh :
[admin@MikroTik system package> pr
Flags : x – disabled
#       Name
0   X routing – test
1   dhcp
2   radiolan
3   user-menejer
4   X webproxy-test
5   arlan
6   isdn
7   hotspot-fix
8   ppp
9   wireless
10 web-proxy
11 hotspot
12 advanced-tools
13 security
14 Telephony
15 routing
16 synchronous
17 system
18 routerboard
19 rstp-bridge-test
20 X wireless-legecy

VERSION
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27
2.9.27

SCHEDULED
     Untuk melihat lebih detailnya, ketikan :

     [admin@proxy]system package > pr detail fl           gs : x – disabled
0         x name=”routing-test” version=”2.9.27” build – time =jul/03/2006 10:57:53 scheduled
1         name =”system”version =”2.9.27” build – time=jul/03/2006 10 :56:37 schedule
2         name =”system”version =”2.9.27” build – time=jul/03/2006 10 :56: 44 schedule
3         name=”web-proxy” version=”2.9.27” build-time=jul/03/2006 10:`58 :03 schedule
4         name=”advanced –tools” version=”2.9.27” build –time=jul /03/2006 10:56 : 41 scheduled=””
5         name=”dhcp” version=”2.9.27” build-time=jul/03/2006 10:56:45 scheduled=””
6         name =”hotspot”version=”2.9.27”build-time=jul/03/2006 10:56:58 scheduled=””
7         x name=”webproxy-test” version=”2.9.27” build-time=jul / 03 /2006 10:57:52 scheduled
8         name=”routerboard” version =”2.9.27” build-time=jul / 03 / 2006 10: 57 : 17 –[q quit‌ ׀ D dump ׀ up ׀ down ]

6. Perintah untuk mengupgrade paket software router :

[admin@Mikrotik] system upgade>
To upgrade chosen packages :
Download 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

7. Perintah mengaktifkan paket software yang ada dalam Mikrotik OS :

    [admin@Mikrotik]system page>
     Enable

Contoh :
[admin@proxy] system package> enable dhcp

8. Perintah merubah nama ethernet pada mesin MikroTik OS:

[admin@proxy]>/interface
[admin@proxy]interface>ethernet set etherl nama=public
Atau dengan menggunakan perintah
[admin@proxy]interface>set
name= yang baru >

contoh :

[admin@proxy]interface> set 0 name=public
[admin@proxy]interface>set 1 name=lan
Atau
[admin@proxy]interface>
set 0 name=public; set 1 name=lan

9. Perintah setting IP address pada mesin Mikrotik OS :

[admin@proxy]> ip address
[admin@proxy]ip address>
Add interface=anddress=
(ketikkan IP address/subnet mask interface)

Contoh :
Jika nama interfacenya “lan” dan IP address yang dikehendaki : 192.168.01 dan subnet mask : 255.255.255.0, maka perintahnya sebagai berikut:

[admin@proxy]>/ ip address
[admin@proxy]ip address >
Add interface=lan address = 192.168.0.1/24

10. Perintah setting IP DNS primaty dan Secondary :

[admin@proxy]./ip dns
[admin@proxy]ip dns>
Set nama-dns>=

Contoh :
Jika IP DNS primary ISP : 202.134.1.10 dan secondary:
202.134.0.0155, maka perintahnya adalah sebagai berikut :

[admin@proxy]./ip dns
[admin@proxy]ip dns>
Set primary-dns= 202.134.1.10
[admin@proxy]ip dns>
Set secondary-dns=202.134.0.155

11. Perintah setting IP Gateway pada mesin Mikrotik OS

[admin@proxy]>/ip route
[admin@proxy]ip route >add gateway=
Contoh IP gateway dari ISP : 202.134.1.1, maka perintahnya :
[admin@proxy]>/ ip route
[admin@proxy] ip route>
add gateway=202.134.1.1

12. Perintah Network address Translate (NAT) pada mesin Mikrotik OS

[admin@proxy]>/ip firewall nat
[admin@proxy]ip firewall nat>
add chain=srcnat out-interface=
dengan jaringan WAN> scr-address=
LAN> action=masqurade

Contoh :
jika network-id interface LAN :”192.168.0.0” dan subnet
Mask :”255.255.255.0”. untuk interface mesin MikroTik OS yang terhubung ke jaringan
WAN : “pubilk”, maka perintahnya sebagai berikut :

[admin@proxy] >/ip firewall nat
[admin@proxy[ ip firewall nat>
Add chain=srcnat out-interface=public
Scr-address=192.168.0.0/24 action=masquerade

Perintah-perintah dasar Mikrotik untuk RouterOS di atas memang belum terlalu lengkap, karena masih banyak lagi perintah dasar Mikrotik yang bisa digunakan karena memang menu dan fitur dari Mikrotik itu sendiri sangat banyak dan beragam.

Cukup sekian dulu, semoga artikel tentang Kumpulan Perintah-perintah Dasar Mikrotik RouterOS ini bermanfaat, kita sambung lagi Tutorial Mikrotik Indonesia di lain kesempatan.

How to Cleanup and Remove Old USB Storage Drivers

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Thu, 28 Nov 2013 12:22:00 +0000

USB Mass Storage devices include:
* External hard drives and optical drives, including CD and DVD drives
* Portable flash memory devices
* Digital cameras
* Digital audio players & portable media players
* Card readers
* Portable gaming systems
* Mobile phones
One possible cause of USB Mass Storage Device problems: Windows can get "confused" by all the old (and sometimes conflicting) USB storage driver data that tends to collect and remain installed on a PC

Here's why: By default, Device Manager only displays drivers of connected devices so the drivers you see in Device Manager aren't the only USB storage drivers that are really there! You probably still have drivers installed for devices you once connected then disconnected long ago!
•    Windows installs drivers for a USB Mass Storage device when you first plug it in to a port
•    Windows sometimes installs the same driver for the same device each time you connect it to a different port!
•    Problem is
==> These drivers aren't uninstalled when you simply unplug the device but only when you uninstall the device (or each device instance per port)
==> Driver data associates devices with drive letters and ports. Port and drive letter conflicts may occur as you start unplugging/replugging devices
You may be surprised at just how many old USB drivers are actually still installed on your machine!

Steps to Safely Cleanup and Remove old USB Mass Storage Drivers on your PC
1.    Shut down your computer. Unplug your USB storage devices: USB Disks, flash, cams, CD/DVD, etc.
==> Other USB devices like keyboards, mice and LAN adapters can stay plugged in
2.    Boot computer back up. Click for how to determine whether you are running 32 or 64 bit Windows
3.    Download drivecleanup.zip, unzip and save to your desktop. Move the 32 or 64 bit version of DriveCleanup.exe to C:\Windows\System32
4.    Open a command prompt window as follows:
==> For XP only: You must have Admin privileges. Click Start->Run, enter cmd
==> For Vista and Windows 7: You must open an elevated command prompt window!
5.    After the command prompt enter: drivecleanup.exe
==> Your command prompt window should be similar to my example below.
==> If, instead, you get an error message like Command not recognized it means you didn't move Drivecleanup.exe to the right directory
6.    Reboot. Now just replug your devices for fresh clean device reinstalls!

Result :

C:\>[B]drivecleanup.exe[/B]
DriveCleanup V0.7.0 (Win32)
Uninstalls non present storage volumes, Disk, CDROM, Floppy devices
and deletes their registry items
Freeware by Uwe Sieber - www.uwe-sieber.de

removing USB device 'USB\VID_0000&PID_0000\7&2285BC2A&0&1'
OK
removing USB device 'USB\VID_0411&PID_00A2\WDC_WD2500_____WD-WCANKE590248'
OK
removing USB device 'USB\VID_0BB4&PID_0C02&MI_00\6&2DD32CD2&1&0000'
OK
removing USB device 'USB\VID_1058&PID_0702\575845313037453632383432'
OK
removing USB device 'USB\VID_1058&PID_0702\7274787265616E206C2E3132'
OK
removing USB device 'USB\VID_1058&PID_0702\F53A39F2AB75F5CDC4B6ABC3'
OK
removing Disk 'USBSTOR\DISK&VEN_HTC&PROD_ANDROID_PHONE&REV_0100\7&1012C922&1&HT9A2HF00558&0'
OK
removing Disk 'USBSTOR\DISK&VEN_WD&PROD_1600BEVEXTERNAL&REV_1.02\575845313037453632383432&0'
OK
removing Disk 'USBSTOR\DISK&VEN_WD&PROD_N_EXTEREXTERNAL&REV_1.02\7274787265616E206C2E3132&0'
OK
removing Disk 'USBSTOR\DISK&VEN_WD&PROD_N_EXTEREXTERNAL&REV_1.02\F53A39F2AB75F5CDC4B6ABC3&0'
OK
removing Disk 'USBSTOR\DISK&VEN_WDC_WD25&PROD_00JS-00NCB1&REV_\WDC_WD2500_____WD-WCANKE590248&0'
OK
removing volume 'STORAGE\REMOVABLEMEDIA\8&3152D400&0&RM'
OK
removing volume 'STORAGE\REMOVABLEMEDIA\9&29B6E3D1&0&RM'
OK
removing volume 'STORAGE\REMOVABLEMEDIA\9&BC53371&0&RM'
OK
removing volume 'STORAGE\VOLUME\1&30A96598&0&SIGNATURE44FDFE06OFFSET7E00LENGTH2543150400'
OK
removing volume 'STORAGE\VOLUME\1&30A96598&0&SIGNATUREC12C6F64OFFSET7E00LENGTH3A388A8400'
OK
Regkey delete HKLM\System\MountedDevices\\??\Volume{91a9bc60-2535-11df-b96f-00256495135f}
OK
Regkey delete HKLM\System\MountedDevices\\??\Volume{91a9bc61-2535-11df-b96f-00256495135f}
OK
Regkey delete HKLM\System\MountedDevices\\??\Volume{dce40c14-30ad-11df-b973-00256495135f}
OK
Regkey delete HKLM\System\MountedDevices\\??\Volume{d4227929-32c8-11df-b97c-00256495135f}
OK
Regkey delete HKLM\System\MountedDevices\\??\Volume{9827b60e-34f1-11df-b983-00256495135f}
OK
Regkey delete HKLM\System\MountedDevices\\DosDevices\Z:
OK
Regkey delete HKLM\System\MountedDevices\\DosDevices\H:
OK
Regkey delete HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\MountPoints2\H
OK
Regkey delete HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\MountPoints2\Z
OK

Removed 6 USB devices
Removed 0 USB hubs
Removed 5 Disk devices
Removed 0 CDROM devices
Removed 0 Floppy devices
Removed 5 Storage volumes
Removed 9 Keys from registry

C:\>

download drivecleanup here

SEO Tips and Trick Part IV (END)

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 06 Aug 2013 10:25:00 +0000

SEO Tips and Trick Part IV

76. Don’t create pages of links (AVOID)
Pages of links are boring both for your customers and for search engines. Most search engines value links that are in context and appear related to the page as a whole. Note, however, that many social networking sites (like Digg and del.icio.us) tend to favor pages that are lists of links, so sometimes it can be advantageous to write them anyway, just don’t expect them to rank high in search engines.

77. Don’t link to and from the same site repeatedly (AVOID)
This is also called link spamming. At best, search engines will look at the links you have on your page, and only count the first one or two towards optimization. And at worst, your site might appear to be a spammer, even if you’re not linking to a “bad neighborhood” or are in a cross-linking scheme. You want to avoid looking like you are paying for links.

78. Don’t get into link circles (cross-linking) (AVOID)
When several sites have links set up in a circular (or more complex) pattern (site A links to site B links to site C links to site A), it can look like you’re paying for links. Don’t assume that because your average customer won’t notice the pattern, the search engine won’t either. Since search engines give some priority for links, they want to reward “honest” links, or links that are not paid for. If it looks like you might have paid for the links (even if you haven’t) your ranking could be penalized slightly.

79. Don’t have broken links on your site (AVOID)
Broken links make your site look bad, and they imply that you don’t manage your site very much. Search engines want to have only the highest quality results, so they may penalize sites with lots of broken links. Use a link checker periodically to make sure that your links are still valid.

80. Don’t use the meta refresh tag to redirect users (AVOID)
It can be very tempting to set up redirects on your site with the meta refresh tag, but this can be a bad idea. Many spammers use them to try and fool search engines into thinking that a page is about one thing, and then refreshing to something completely different. Meta refresh also doesn’t give information to the search engine about why the redirect is occurring. It’s much better to set up a permanent HTTP 301 redirect when you need to redirect your customers to a new URL.

81. Don’t use 302 redirects (AVOID)
A HTTP 302 server redirect is supposed to be used when a page is only temporarily moved from one location to another on a server. Spammers use 302 redirects because that gives them many more URLs to the same final page and thus many more ways to get to that page.

The only time you should use a 302 redirect is if you have ugly URLs with lots of parameters on them. The 302 redirect tells the search engine that this is not a permanent redirect, but rather an alternate URL. For all other redirects you should use a 301 redirect instead.

82. Don’t make constant minor changes to content (AVOID)
While you want search engines to see that you update your content, making minor changes (like correcting spelling errors, or changing 10 or 20 characters) implies that you’re just trying to get the updated date changed. This looks like you’re trying to fool the search engines into thinking that you update your pages more than you actually do.

Do spend time updating your pages, but make the updates substantive.

83. Don’t separate content artificially (AVOID)
Don’t display different content based on IP, browser type or version, operating system or whatever. This is very tempting for most Web designers, as it’s a way to show you know how to write JavaScript or another programming language. But it can look like you’re trying to trick the search engine – showing it something other than you show your readers.

If you really must display alternate content based on some artificial measure, create separate Web pages for each, rather than using the same URL for all the content. Or, keep the content that is different as minimal as possible, don’t build an entire new site for each IP or browser type.

84. Don’t violate copyright or other laws (AVOID)
Most search engines have terms of service that ban sites that break the law. Copyright infringement is the easiest way to break the law on the Web. Don’t assume that because something was posted to the Web it is legal for you to reprint it, get permission or link to the article instead of copying it. Search engines will ban your site if you regularly steal content or break other laws.

85. Don’t duplicate content on your site (AVOID)
One trick that spammers like to use is to create one page and then post it in numerous locations, both on one domain and on others. The idea is that if there are enough copies of the page, it will get seen by more people. But search engines don’t like duplicate content as it’s a waste of space on their servers and does not provide good information to their customers. If a search engine suspects your site is spamming them with multiple copies, your site could be banned.

86.Don’t use robots.txt to ban large portions of your site (AVOID)
In general, using a robots.txt file to keep certain areas of your site off-limits to spiders can be a good idea. But if you ban significant portions of your site (more than half), search engine spiders may mark your site as “forbidden” in general and simply stop spidering your site as often. And if your site is spidered less often, fewer pages will be added to the directory and updated in rank.

87. Don’t write bad or incorrect HTML (AVOID)
Most search engines don’t deliberately discriminate against badly coded pages, but if the spider can’t read the page because the HTML is bad, then it won’t get indexed. Make sure that you validate your HTML regularly and that any issues there are don’t affect the page being viewed by a simple user-agent or screen reader.

88. Don’t use frames (AVOID)
Frames and search engines are not a good combination. While search engines are getting much better at reading framed websites, they still don’t tend to rank as well as non-framed sites. And even if you get decent ranking, you might not get the clicks because the search engine doesn’t know what to display as a title or description of your page.

89. Don’t create Flash splash pages (AVOID)
Search engines can’t read images, and they see Flash as a giant image. Flash and search engines don’t mix well. If you don’t have extensive alternative HTML that displays when Flash is not enabled, then your site won’t rank well in search engines. Be sure to test your site with a browser with Flash disabled to find out what the search engine sees. You might be unpleasantly surprised.

90. Don’t write Flash-only sites (AVOID)
If you’re going to use Flash on your site, you must have an HTML version that displays when Flash is enabled. It can be tempting to put in just a single line or two of HTML as your non-Flash alternative, after all, you’ve done so much work on the Flash site. But since the search engines only see the HTML, that’s what they’ll rank, and you won’t rank high with just a tiny version of your site in HTML.

If you must use Flash as your site, and you want to rank well in search engines, you need to be prepared to write your site twice – once in Flash and once in HTML.

91. Never redirect to another domain (AVOID OR GET BANNED)
Redirecting to another domain is not a 100% guarantee that you’ll be banned from search engines. But it is a very common spammer trick used in conjunction with doorway pages and cloaking. If you set up a redirect that goes to a new domain, you need to write it as a 301 HTTP redirect, not a 302 or meta refresh. This tells the search engine that this redirect is permanent, and they should change to the new domain in their directory.

92. Be Careful Redirecting to New Domains – You Could Be Banned
Since this trick is commonly used by spammers, it’s a very good idea to avoid doing it. Search engines can be very hard to get back into if your site is banned by mistake.

93. Never link invisible images (AVOID OR GET BANNED)
Invisible images are images that are 1×1 pixels in size and cannot be seen by the naked eye on a Web page. Since links are given some priority in ranking a Web page, linking images that cannot be seen by your customers appears to be aimed only at search engine spiders.

94. Don’t Link Single Pixel Images – Your Site Will Be Banned
This is similar to hiding text or displaying different content to search engines than to your customers. And don’t assume that search engines can’t read CSS or HTML tags that resize full-sized images. If you do this to optimize your pages, your site will be banned.

95. Never include invisible text on your pages (AVOID OR GET BANNED)
Hiding text by making it the same color as the background color may fool your customers, but it won’t fool search engines. Another variation of this is where you make the font size so small that it’s unreadable by the naked eye.

96. Don’t Hide Text – Your Site Will Be Banned
Search engines understand CSS and font and background colors. They also recognize that a font-size of 1px is not going to be readable. Text that is hidden from your readers but visible to search engines is considered spam and will get your site banned.

97. Never create doorway pages (AVOID OR GET BANNED)
Doorway pages are very simple HTML pages that are written to optimize heavily on one or two keywords or keyword phrases. And they are programmed so that search engines spiders see them, but regular readers are taken to the real site.

98. Don’t Use Doorway Pages – Your Site Will Be Banned
Doorway pages are designed to trick search engines into thinking that the site has a specific keyword relevance that it may or may not have and they are pages meant to be seen only by the search engine. So, most search engines will ban sites from their directory when they discover you use them.

99. Never display different content to a spider than customers (AVOID OR GET BANNED)
This is often called cloaking because it is an effort to cloak what your site delivers in something that might be seen as more palatable to search engines. It can be very tempting to use cloaking, but while it might give you better results at first, search engines don’t like it.

100. Don’t Cloak Websites – Your Site Will Be Banned
Search engines want to provide a resource of information that is real, not something that has been doctored to give artificial results. When they discover that your site is cloaking, it will be removed from the search directory.

That's 100 tips and tricks SEO for bloggers, may be useful.

Happy Blogging :)

SEO Tips and Trick Part III

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 06 Aug 2013 10:21:00 +0000

SEO Tips and Tricks Part III

51. Don’t link a lot to external sites (LOW PRIORITY)
Linking to sites not on your site is a good idea, but don’t fill up your pages with them. At best, you will dilute the effectiveness of your page in the search engines, and at worst your page will look like a list of links and get slightly penalized by search engines. Also, when you have lots of external links, you have more to check on a regular basis, to make sure that those pages don’t go bad or turn into “bad neighborhoods”.

52. Register a separate domain instead of a sub-domain (LOW PRIORITY)
Subdomains are a nice way to create new websites without needing to register a new domain. This site is a subdomain of About.com – webdesign.about.com. But subdomains are not as recognized by search engines (or customers for that matter) as separate sites. For example, most people who link to my site link to it with a title of “About.com.” But if you were to go to www.about.com, you’d get a very different impression of my site than the true URL of webdesign.about.com. The other problem with subdomains is that most people think that URLs should start with “www”. Sometimes www.subdomain.domain.com will work, but sometimes it won’t.

If you can, you should move all sites that are on a subdomain onto a real domain name of their own.

53. Register a .com domain over a .biz or .us domain (LOW PRIORITY)
Trying to find a good domain name can be challenging, especially on the .com top-level domain (TLD). But finding a good .com domain will rank higher than a similar domain on the .biz or .us TLDs. And if you can get a .edu domain (because you’re a school or university) your site will have more credibility instantly. Some SEO services feel that a .org TLD is better than a .com, but they aren’t any more difficult (in general) to get than a .com domain, and while search engines might give them some priority now, they will probably lessen that as .org domains become more common.

54. Use hyphens to separate words in domains (LOW PRIORITY)
When you’re putting keywords in your domain and URLs, you should consider separating them with hyphens (-) rather than mashing them all together or using underscores (_). Search engine spiders can’t tell where a word ends and begins without cues like hyphens, and most computers recognize hyphens as the end of a word, but see underscores as part of the word.

55. Use hyphens or underscores to separate words in URLs (LOW PRIORITY)
Just like your domains, you should separate words in your URLs with hyphens (-) or underscores (_). Hyphens are better, but outside of the domain, underscores can work. Hyphens work better because many search engine spiders recognize hyphens as the end of a word, but see underscores as part of the word. Also, underscores can be seen as a space by your customers (because the underline of the link and the underscore merge together), and they will then get frustrated if they try to type the URL with a space and can’t get to the page.

56. Write short pages (LOW PRIORITY)
The shorter your page is, the fewer times you need to repeat your keyword phrase and keep the density just right. Plus, short pages load more quickly, and so your readers will appreciate it. Keep pages under 30KB in size. Split long pages into multiple pages and optimize each page.

57. Use JavaScript with care (LOW PRIORITY)
As long as your scripts are valid and don’t break your HTML, most search engines will ignore them. But don’t rely on JavaScript to improve your rankings – most search engines ignore content inside JavaScript.

58. nclude text transcripts of podcasts and sound files (LOW PRIORITY)
Like images and Flash, search engines can’t index the content of sound files including podcasts. By including a transcript of your sound files and podcasts, you give search engines more text to index.

59. Don’t host your site with a host that allows spammers (AVOID)
This means any type of spammers, but especially search engine spammers. If you don’t know what your host’s policy is towards spammers, find out. There should be something in their terms and conditions about malicious activity. If your IP is blacklisted, you’ll be blacklisted right along with it, even if your site is completely innocent.

60. Don’t host your site with a host that is down a lot (AVOID)
While search engines won’t deliberately discriminate against a site that is down, if they can’t get to your URL because it’s down, they can’t index it. And if your site is down several times when the spider tries to access it, it could be flagged as gone, and then the spider won’t come at all. Find out from your hosting provider what their uptime rates are and what they guarantee. Less than 97-98% uptime is bad.

61. Don’t write your content with JavaScript (AVOID)
While search engines won’t penalize a site for using JavaScript, they don’t typically index the contents of the scripts. So if your pages use JavaScript to display the contents, it will be harder to get high ranks for those pages. This includes pages that use scripts to show and hide text and pages that use Ajax for the content.

62. Don’t omit alt text for images especially images inside the text (AVOID)
Images inline with your text can dress up your Web page, but if you leave off the alternative text (alt text) search engines won’t pick up the content relevance. Also keep in mind that the heavier your page is with images, the less likely that search engines will rank it highly. Text is what gets ranked in most search engines, and alt text is a poor alternative.

63. Don’t use images instead of text links (AVOID)
Search engine optimization is all about text, and if you use images instead of text, even if you have good alt text, search engines will have a harder time ranking your site. This is especially true for navigation. Search engine spiders crawl through your site by following links, and links on images can be more difficult for them to follow or rank than text links. Using images instead of text makes your pages slower for your customers too. You’re better off styling your text with CSS, than using images.

64. Don’t misspell your keywords in your content (AVOID)
It can be very tempting to try to optimize your site for misspellings. And while it won’t hurt your site in the search engine rankings – especially if you decide to use the misspelled version as your keyword phrase to optimize on. It will hurt your credibility with your customers. For every one person who misspells the word, there are at least two to three who know the correct spelling. And if they end up on your page for some reason, they will just think you are unprofessional. Plus, many browsers and search engines have spell checkers built into the forms, so the popularity of misspellings will continue to lessen as time goes on.

65. Don’t try to optimize for more than 2-3 keywords and phrases (AVOID)
This is called keyword dillution. If you have too many topics on a given page, it will be hard for both search engines and your customers to determine what you’re talking about. If you have a lot to say on several topics, it’s better to write multiple short pages on each topic, than to try to cram them all into one long page.

66. Don’t use your keyword phrase too much (AVOID)
Keyword stuffing is the practice of repeating your keywords or keyword phrases over and over in a page until there is nearly no other text than the keyword phrase. Check your keyword density to determine if you have used it too much. 10% or higher is too much.

If you are too blatant about stuffing keywords, you could get your site banned from search engines.

67. Don’t rely on links from domains on the same IP (AVOID)
While Google doesn’t discriminate against domains that have the same IP (for example, domains that use virtual hosts), other search engines may. So it’s best to avoid trying to increase your inbound links with links from other domains that you own. The same is true for domains hosted on the same hosting provider (coming from the same C-level IP address). Google doesn’t penalize sites like this, but other engines might.

This is another situation where if it becomes apparent that you’re doing it, you could get all your sites banned from search engines.

68. on’t have more than 10 words in your URL (AVOID)
While you want to have keywords in your URL (and domain if possible), longer URLs tend to look more spammy to both customers and search engines. However, this isn’t a serious issue, and if you need to have 11 or 15 words in your URL, it shouldn’t be a problem, as long as you aren’t doing it all the time.

69. Don’t use URL parameters if you can avoid it (AVOID)
Parameters on URLs make them long and hard for anyone to read. And search engines can get confused by them, especially if the parameters are meant to hold customer information, and not indicate a separate Web page. Also, as I mentioned elsewhere, search engines don’t always rank dynamic pages as high as static pages, and most dynamic pages use parameters on the URL to indicate the correct page. If you must use parameters, you might want to consider doing a URL rewrite to static URLs, at least for your most important pages.

70. Don’t use dynamic URLs (AVOID)
In general, spiders tend to prefer static URLs to dynamic ones. It is possible to rank high with a dynamic URL, but it’s easier if you redirect dynamic URLs to shorter, static URLs.

71. Don’t use session IDs (AVOID)
Like dynamic URLs, search engines don’t tend to like URLs with session IDs on them. In fact, session IDs seem to cause even more problems with search engine spiders than plain dynamic URLs. The problem is that every time the spider comes to a site with session IDs it can index that site as a completely new URL – even though the content is identical. This can lead to the search engine thinking you are trying to spam them with identical content, and could even get your site banned if it got bad enough. Google guidelines now state that id= URL parameters are okay, but that doesn’t mean that other search engines won’t choke on them.

72. Don’t rely on AdSense to boost your rankings (AVOID)
AdSense is a way to earn money on your website. But contrary to popular believe, having AdSense ads won’t improve your ranking in search engines, even Google. They won’t hurt your rankings either. It’s perfectly fine to use them, but don’t expect them to improve your search rankings.

73. Don’t rely on AdWords to boost your rankings (AVOID)
AdWords is a way to advertise your sites on Google. While you can pay to get high rankings in advertising venues, having an AdWords account won’t help your rankings in natural (non-paid) search, even in Google. It won’t hurt your rankings either. You can use AdWords to get more clicks to your website, but they will appear only in paid search locations, not in the natural search.

74. Try to get your site off link farms (AVOID)
You should never link to a link farm. And while search engines state that they don’t discriminate against sites that are linked to from link farms, it’s a good idea to try to keep your site off of them, if only to avoid contamination by association.

75. Don’t link to link farms (AVOID)
Google refers to spamming sites as “bad neighborhoods” and if you link to them, you will end up with a lower PageRank. If you suspect that a site you want to link to is a “bad neighborhood”, check their PageRank and see if they commit any obvious SEO no nos. If they do, or you think they might, then you shouldn’t link to them.

To be continue... SEO Tips and Tricks Part IV

SEO Tips and Tricks Part II

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 06 Aug 2013 10:12:00 +0000

SEO Tips and Tricks Part II

26. Put your keyword phrase in the first paragraph (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Repetition of your keyword phrase is important in your content. But it’s especially important in the first one or two paragraphs of text. And if you can repeat it once in the first paragraph that will help up it’s priority.

27. Put your keyword phrase at the top of the HTML (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
More than just the first paragraph, you should try to move your content towards the top of the HTML document. And that includes your keyword phrase.

28. Put your keyword phrase in alternative text (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Images are a great place to put your keyword phrase – in the alternate text. This is a way to add your keyword phrase into your document without being repetitive to your readers. But be careful not to overdo it – as you don’t want to appear to be keyword stuffing. That could get your site banned.

29. Increase the font size of your keyword phrase (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Search engines understand that fonts that are larger than the standard font size on the page indicate text that is more important. Use CSS or the font tag. Apply font size changes to headline tags as well.

30. Format your keyword phrases to stand out (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Use and where appropriate to make your keyword phrases stand out. Search engines can read those tags, and will recognize that text that is emphasized is often more important than the surrounding text.

31. Write a descriptive meta description (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Search engines use the description meta tag as the description in their index. So it’s important to describe your pages accurately. This helps customers find your pages, and search engines to index them.

32. Link to your page from within your site (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Links are important, and linking from one page to another on your own site is a very easy way to get links. They aren’t as important in search engine ranking as links from external sites, but they do help. If nothing else, they help the search engine spider find all the pages on your site.

33. Put up links that flow within the text (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Links that make sense within the context of the document (whether from external or your own site) will rank higher than lists of links or other forms of artificial links. This is because search engines value content and links that make sense within the context of the content are more definitely related to that content than links that are inside lists.

34. Keep asking for inbound links (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
The older the links are the better. If you get 100 links added all at once, it appears to the search engines that you are buying link placement, and that can be construed as spamming.

35. Get linked in DMOZ and Yahoo! (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
DMOZ and Yahoo! and other directories show that your page is related to the contentin that section of the directory.

36. Periodically check your outbound links for pagerank (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Whenever you add an external link on your site, you run the risk that it changes from the site you linked to into a link farm or “bad neighborhood”. By periodically checking the PageRank of the external sites you link to, you can remove links that have gotten bad. This will help you make sure that your page’s credibility is not reduced by who you are linking to.

37. Link all major images (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
It’s important to always link images because people click on images. And search engines value content that has been linked. The key is to always include alternative text, so that the search engine has text to rank. Any image that your customer can see on the page should be linked.

38. Keep your pages up-to-date (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Pages that are regularly updated are given priority over pages that are older and ignored. But you should do more than simply fix typos or make small changes, regular, extensive updates are more effective than minor updates.

39. If you must use frames, always use the noframes tag (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Frames and search engines don’t mix well. But if you must use frames, then you should always include an extensive noframes version of your site. And by extensive, the best way to get your site indexed in search engines is to completely rewrite it in your noframes version.

40. If you must use Flash, always include alternative text (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Flash and search engines don’t mix well, but if you must use flash you should include alternate text that describes exactly what the Flash element includes. And if you use Flash for your entire site, you should always do an alternate version of the complete site in HTML so that search engines and non-Flash browsers can view it as well.

41. Use Flash for non-critical pieces of a page (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
The best use of Flash on websites is as small portions of the site, preferably non-critical portions. Search engines can’t view Flash, they see them as images. According to Google Webmaster Central, sites that effectively use Flash “use Flash for rich media but rely on HTML for content and navigation.”

42. Keep your pages close to the root directory (LOW PRIORITY)
The higher your pages are in your sub-directories, the better they will rank in search engines. This is because pages that are listed right off the root directory are typically more important than pages that are found four or five levels deep in the site.

43. Use the meta keywords tag and include your keyword phrase (LOW PRIORITY)
Meta tags are a very popular way to improve search engine results, but the fact of the matter is that some major search engines don’t use them at all, and others only use them a little. It won’t hurt to include your keyword phrase and any secondary keywords in the meta keywords tag, but don’t expect it to work wonders.

44. Keep your kewords together (LOW PRIORITY)
Search engines rank keywords in pages regardless of where they are found. But if you’re trying to rank well for a specific keyword phrase, keeping the keywords together will insure that the search engines recognize that they are related.

45. Use your keyword phrase in your meta description (LOW PRIORITY)
Most search engines use the meta description field as the description in their search results. So it’s important to have a good description. Including your keyword phrase in the meta description tag is one more place that the search engines can see your keywords. This isn’t a magic bullet, but it is a good idea.

46. Set your language meta keyword (LOW PRIORITY)
If your page is in a language other than English, you should set the language meta tag so that search engines (and other user agents) know what language it’s in. Most search engines have other ways of telling what language the page is written in, but they do use that tag, and it could help you rank higher in searches in that language.

47. Optimize for a few secondary keywords (LOW PRIORITY)
Once you have a keyword phrase, you can choose one or two other keywords to optimize for as well. But be careful with these – make sure that the density of your secondary keywords is no more than 1-2%. Any higher and you risk confusing the search engine and diluting the power of your primary keyword phrase.

48. Use your keyword phrase in named anchors (LOW PRIORITY)
A named anchor (also called a bookmark) is a useful tool for creating navigation within a Web page. But for search engines, it also indicates that the text defined by and following the anchor has more significance. If you use your keyword phrase in some of your named anchors, that will give that text more prominence.

49. Use different forms of words for your keyword phrase (LOW PRIORITY)
This is also called stemming. Most search engines recognize that one word stemmed from another is really the same word. For example, plural versions of nouns (dog and dogs), gerunds and active verbs (dig and digging), and so on. By using different forms of your keywords, you can make your page more interesting for your readers, while still optimizing for search engines.

50. Use synonyms for your keywords (LOW PRIORITY)
Synonyms, like keyword stemming is another way to mix up your text for your readers while still optimizing for search. Most modern search engines have a powerful synonym library and so recognize that words like “dog” and “canine” mean the same thing. Be careful using this technique on non-English pages, however. Most search engines were developed in English-speaking countries, and have more extensive English vocabularies than other languages. Also, you should remember that tools like keyword density readers often don’t recognize synonyms, so your page may be denser in keywords than they report if you use a lot of synonyms.

To be continue.... SEO Tips and Tricks Part III

SEO Tips and Tricks Part I

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 06 Aug 2013 10:07:00 +0000

This is 100 seo tips and tricks that I have outlined the bloggers.

Please read this carefully and promptly done.

1.Write great content (HIGH PRIORITY)
Great content is where it all starts. You can have all the keywords in the world, but if your content is no good, people won’t stick around on your site and search engines won’t find your site valuable.

2. Write unique content (HIGH PRIORITY)
Unique content is important too. You need to provide content that has different information than what is on other sites and other Web pages.

3. Add new content all the time (HIGH PRIORITY)
Sites that have new content added on a regular basis are seen as more reliable than sites that rarely do. This also helps you to increase the amount of relevant content on your site, which also improves your rankings.

4. Create a great keyword phrase (HIGH PRIORITY)
The first thing you should do when working on search engine optimization is find a great keyword phrase for that page. You shouldn’t try to optimize your entire site to one keyword phrase – instead focus on writing pages for specific keywords and phrases.

5. Choose a phrase that is popular, but not too popular (HIGH PRIORITY)
When trying to decide on a keyword phrase, you want to find one that is popular but not extremely popular. This may seem counter-intuitive, but the reality is that extremely popular keywords are very desirable and so very competitive. It’s better to try to optimize for keywords that you can rank higher. You’ll get more pageviews from a less popular keyword when you’re on the first or second page of the search engines, than from a super popular keyword that you only make it to page 50 of search engines.

6. Write an accessible site (HIGH PRIORITY)
Accessible HTML is accessible to both search engine spiders and screen readers. The more accessible you make your pages, the easier it will be for search engines to read and rank your pages.

7. Use the keyword phrase in your title tag (HIGH PRIORITY)
The title tag is one of the most important tags on your Web page. And placing your keyword phrase in the title tag, preferably at the beginning, is very important to get that phrase into the search engines. Plus, that puts your keyword phrase as the link in the search engine index.

8. Get a domain with your keyword phrase (HIGH PRIORITY)
Putting your keyword phrase in your domain name is a great way to optimize for that phrase.

9. Use the keyword phrase in your URL (HIGH PRIORITY)
Even if you can’t get your keywords into your domain name, you can put them into your URLs. Search engines read the URLs and assign value to the text they find there.

10. Use your keyword phrase a lot, but not too much (HIGH PRIORITY)
The ratio of your keywords to the rest of the text on your page is called the keyword density. It’s important to repeat your keywords in your document, but not too much. Keyword density should be between 3 and 7% for your primary keyword phrase and 1-2% for any secondary keywords or keyword phrases.

11. Use your keyword phrase in headlines (HIGH PRIORITY)
Headline tags (h1, h2, h3, etc.) are a great place to use your keyword phrase and secondary keywords. Search engines recognize that headlines are more important than the surrounding text, and so assign greater value to keywords found there.

12. Use your keyword phrase in anchor text of links (HIGH PRIORITY)
Link text is another great place to put your keyword phrase. Links stand out on most Web pages, and so are given higher priority than surrounding text.

13. Ask other people for links to your page (HIGH PRIORITY)
A great way to get inbound links is to simply ask for them. But remember that excessive cross-linking can be viewed as spammy, so be careful about trading links or otherwise buying links on external sites.

14. Try to get your keyword phrase inside incoming links (HIGH PRIORITY)
Inbound links are a great way to improve your page rank. But you can’t really control how people link to your pages. Chances are they won’t use a phrase that has anything even remotely close to your keyword phrase. Remember that they are doing you a favor by linking to you. If it makes sense, you can ask them to change the text of the link, but be careful, as people can be very touchy, and you might just get your link removed.

Another way to get your keyword phrase in inbound links is to provide your customers with the link text ready-made. For example:
Please link to this page: SEO Tips and Tricks

15. Try to get links from reputable sites (HIGH PRIORITY)
Reputable sites that link to you will increase your reputation. After all, if a reputable site feels that your site is valuable enough to link to, that means that your page has more value. You can tell if a site is considered reputable both by how high it appears in search engines and it’s Google PageRank. Also, .edu sites have a higher reputation because they represent schools and universities.

16. Try to get links from similar sites (HIGH PRIORITY)
Inbound links from sites similar to your own are important as well. This indicates that your site does have content related to that topic. Plus, it indicates that your competition finds your site valuable, and that gives your site more credibility.

17. Try to get links from .edu, and .gov sites (HIGH PRIORITY)
Sites that are on .edu and .gov top-level domains have a large amount of credibility because they are very difficult to get. So if you can get the designers of those sites to link to you, that gives your site more credibility as well.

18. Create as much content as you can (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Content is king. The more content you have on your site, the more there is to be indexed and appear in search engines.

19. Keep your site content inside one theme (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
The theme or topic of your entire site is important as well. If you have a lot of pages all around one basic theme, that will lend more credibility to each page that follows that same theme.

20. Keep your site live as long as possible (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Older pages (at the same domain) will rank higher than newer ones.

21. Create a sitemap (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Search engines love sitemaps – not necessarily for ranking, but for finding links on your site. It’s not critical that you create an XML sitemap or Google sitemap, plain HTML sitemaps work just as well.

22. Create an XML sitemap or Google sitemap (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Search engines love sitemaps – not necessarily for ranking, but for finding links on your site. It’s not critical that you create an XML sitemap or Google sitemap, plain HTML sitemaps work just as well.

23. Use 301 redirects for permanent redirects (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
When you redirect your pages, you should always use a 301 http server redirect. This tells the search engines that the redirect is permanent and that they should change their index to use the new URL. Spammers use other types of redirects (HTTP 302 redirects and meta refresh), so they are not a good idea to use.

24. Use 302 redirects only for long or ugly URLs (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
HTTP 302 redirects are for temporary redirects. The only time you should use them is for redirecting ugly URLs to more user-friendly ones. This tells the search engine that the ugly URL should not be removed from the index, because the user-friendly URL is just to make the URL palatable. Keep in mind that many spammers use 302 redirects to fool search engines. So be judicious in your use of them.

25. Get as many inbound links as you can (MEDIUM PRIORITY)
Links are important, especially from sites other than your own. These are called inbound links. And if you get a lot of inbound links, that will help your page ranking. Remember that 1-2 links from high-reputation sites are better than 10 links from link farms.

To be continue....

How To: Handle expired access tokens

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Mon, 03 Dec 2012 07:58:00 +0000

Expired Access Tokens

One of the most frequently asked for “How-To” requests from developers is how to handle invalid access tokens. Access tokens for users can become invalid due to various reasons. In most cases, they can expire if it’s past the time specified by the ‘expires’ field (by default access token have a 2 hour lifetime).

What many developers do not realize is that an access token can also expire if a user changes her password, logs out or if she de-authorizes the app via the App Dashboard. It is very important that your apps handle such situations. If your access token expires, you need to reacquire a valid access token.

How To Handle expired access tokens

This post will walk you through how you can ensure that you are handling and recovering from these situations gracefully. It assumes that you are familiar with our server-side authentication flow.
We will discuss 4 different scenarios:

The token expires after expires time (2 hours is the default).
The user changes her password which invalidates the access token.
The user de-authorizes your app.
The user logs out of Facebook.

Token expires after expires time

This scenario refers to the use case where a user has authorized your app in the past, but the access token that you were issued has expired.
When you try to make Graph API call on her behalf you will get an HTTP 400 with the following error in the body:

{ 
  error: {
    type: "OAuthException",
    message: "Session has expired at unix time 
      SOME_TIME. The current unix time is SOME_TIME.”
  }, 
}

Scenario 2: User changes her password

This scenario refers to use case where a user has authorized your app in the past and then she changes the password associated with her Facebook account. In this scenario, when you try to make Graph API call on her behalf you will get an HTTP 400 with the following error in the body:

{ 
  error: {
    type: "OAuthException",
    message: "The session has been invalidated because 
      the user has changed the password.",
  }, 
}

Please note that you will receive this message even if your app was granted the offline_access permission if the user changed their password.

Scenario 3: User de-authorizes your app

This scenario refers to a use case where a user has authorized your app in the past, but then she de-authorizes your app by going to the App Dashboard. In this scenario when you try to make a Graph API call on her behalf you will get a HTTP 400 with the following error in the body:

{
  error: {
    type: "OAuthException",
    message: "Error validating access token: USER_ID
      has not authorized application APP_ID",
  },
}

Please note that even if the user had authorized your app with the offline_access permission access tokens will become invalid if the user de-authorizes your app.

Scenario 4: User logs out of Facebook

This scenario refers to a use case where a user has authorized your app in the past and then she logs out of Facebook. If the user authorized your app with the offline_access permission then the Graph API call works as expected. If the user did not grant this permission and you try to make a Graph API call on behalf of the user, you will get an HTTP 400 with the following error in the body:

{
  "error": {
    "type":"OAuthException","message":"Error validating 
      access token: The session is invalid because the 
      user logged out."
   }
}

Solution (for all scenarios)

To ensure the best experience for your users, your app needs to be prepared to catch errors for the above scenarios. The following PHP code shows you how to handle these errors and retrieve a new access token.
When you redirect the user to the auth dialog, the user is not prompted for permissions if the user has already authorized your application. Facebook will return you a valid access token without any user facing dialog. However if the user has de-authorized your application then the user will need to re-authorize your application for you to get the access_token.

  $app_id = "YOUR_APP_ID";
  $app_secret = "YOUR_APP_SECRET"; 
  $my_url = "YOUR_POST_LOGIN_URL";
     
  // known valid access token stored in a database 
  $access_token = "YOUR_STORED_ACCESS_TOKEN";

  $code = $_REQUEST["code"];
    
  // If we get a code, it means that we have re-authed the user 
  //and can get a valid access_token. 
  if (isset($code)) {
    $token_url="https://graph.facebook.com/oauth/access_token?client_id="
      . $app_id . "&redirect_uri=" . urlencode($my_url) 
      . "&client_secret=" . $app_secret 
      . "&code=" . $code . "&display=popup";
    $response = file_get_contents($token_url);
    $params = null;
    parse_str($response, $params);
    $access_token = $params['access_token'];
  }

        
  // Attempt to query the graph:
  $graph_url = "https://graph.facebook.com/me?"
    . "access_token=" . $access_token;
  $response = curl_get_file_contents($graph_url);
  $decoded_response = json_decode($response);
    
  //Check for errors 
  if ($decoded_response->error) {
  // check to see if this is an oAuth error:
    if ($decoded_response->error->type== "OAuthException") {
      // Retrieving a valid access token. 
      $dialog_url= "https://www.facebook.com/dialog/oauth?"
        . "client_id=" . $app_id 
        . "&redirect_uri=" . urlencode($my_url);
      echo("");
    }
    else {
      echo "other error has happened";
    }
  } 
  else {
  // success
    echo("success" . $decoded_response->name);
    echo($access_token);
  }

  // note this wrapper function exists in order to circumvent PHP’s 
  //strict obeying of HTTP error codes.  In this case, Facebook 
  //returns error code 400 which PHP obeys and wipes out 
  //the response.
  function curl_get_file_contents($URL) {
    $c = curl_init();
    curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
    curl_setopt($c, CURLOPT_URL, $URL);
    $contents = curl_exec($c);
    $err  = curl_getinfo($c,CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
    curl_close($c);
    if ($contents) return $contents;
    else return FALSE;
  }

source

7 Teknik Hacking Untuk Pemula

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 24 Jul 2012 13:44:00 +0000

Teknik Hacking

7 Teknik Hacking Untuk Pemula

1. IP Spoofing
IP Spoofing juga dikenal sebagai Source Address Spoofing, yaitu pemalsuan alamat IP attacker sehingga sasaran menganggap alamat IP attacker adalah alamat IP dari host di dalam network bukan dari luar network. Misalkan attacker mempunyai IP address type A 66.25.xx.xx ketika attacker melakukan serangan jenis ini maka Network yang diserang akan menganggap IP attacker adalah bagian dari Networknya misal 192.xx.xx.xx yaitu IP type C.
IP Spoofing terjadi ketika seorang attacker ?mengakali? packet routing untuk mengubah arah dari data atau transmisi ke tujuan yang berbeda. Packet untuk routing biasanya di transmisikan secara transparan dan jelas sehingga membuat attacker dengan mudah untuk memodifikasi asal data ataupun tujuan dari data. Teknik ini bukan hanya dipakai oleh attacker tetapi juga dipakai oleh para security profesional untuk men tracing identitas dari para attacker

2.FTP Attack
Salah satu serangan yang dilakukan terhadap File Transfer Protocol adalah serangan buffer overflow yang diakibatkan oleh malformed command. tujuan menyerang FTP server ini rata-rata adalah untuk mendapatkan command shell ataupun untuk melakukan Denial Of Service. Serangan Denial Of Service akhirnya dapat menyebabkan seorang user atau attacker untuk mengambil resource didalam network tanpa adanya autorisasi, sedangkan command shell dapat membuat seorang attacker mendapatkan akses ke sistem server dan file-file data yang akhirnya seorang attacker bisa membuat anonymous root-acces yang mempunyai hak penuh terhadap system bahkan network yang diserang

3.Unix Finger Exploits
Pada masa awal internet, Unix OS finger utility digunakan secara efficient untuk men sharing informasi diantara pengguna. Karena permintaan informasi terhadap informasi finger ini tidak menyalahkan peraturan, kebanyakan system Administrator meninggalkan utility ini (finger) dengan keamanan yang sangat minim, bahkan tanpa kemanan sama sekali. Bagi seorang attacker utility ini sangat berharga untuk melakukan informasi tentang footprinting, termasuk nama login dan informasi contact.

4. Flooding & Broadcasting
Seorang attacker bisa menguarangi kecepatan network dan host-host yang berada di dalamnya secara significant dengan cara terus melakukan request/permintaan terhadap suatu informasi dari sever yang bisa menangani serangan classic Denial Of Service(Dos), mengirim request ke satu port secara berlebihan dinamakan flooding, kadang hal ini juga disebut spraying. Tujuan dari kedua serangan ini adalah sama yaitu membuat network resource yang Menyediakan informasi menjadi lemah dan akhirnya menyerah.
Serangan dengan cara Flooding bergantung kepada dua faktor yaitu: ukuran dan/atau volume (size and/or volume). Seorang attacker dapat menyebabkan Denial Of Service dengan cara melempar file berkapasitas besar atau volume yang besar dari paket yang kecil kepada sebuah system. Dalam keadaan seperti itu network server akan menghadapi kemacetan: terlalu banyak informasi yang diminta dan tidak cukup power untuk mendorong data agar berjalan. Pada dasarnya paket yang besar membutuhkan kapasitas proses yang besar pula, tetapi secara tidak normal paket yang kecil dan sama dalam volume yang besar akan menghabiskan resource secara percuma, dan mengakibatkan kemacetan

5.Fragmented Packet Attacks
Data-data internet yang di transmisikan melalui TCP/IP bisa dibagi lagi ke dalam paket-paket yang hanya mengandung paket pertama yang isinya berupa informasi bagian utama( kepala) dari TCP. Beberapa firewall akan mengizinkan untuk memroses bagian dari paket-paket yang tidak mengandung informasi alamat asal pada paket pertamanya, hal ini akan mengakibatkan beberapa type system menjadi crash. Contohnya, server NT akan menjadi crash jika paket-paket yang dipecah(fragmented packet) cukup untuk menulis ulang informasi paket pertama dari suatu protokol

6.E-mail Exploits
Peng-exploitasian e-mail terjadi dalam lima bentuk yaitu: mail floods, manipulasi perintah (command manipulation), serangan tingkat transportasi(transport level attack), memasukkan berbagai macam kode (malicious code inserting) dan social engineering(memanfaatkan sosialisasi secara fisik). Penyerangan email bisa membuat system menjadi crash, membuka dan menulis ulang bahkan mengeksekusi file-file aplikasi atau juga membuat akses ke fungsi fungsi perintah (command function)

7.DNS and BIND Vulnerabilities
Berita baru-baru ini tentang kerawanan (vulnerabilities) tentang aplikasi Barkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) dalam berbagai versi mengilustrasikan kerapuhan dari Domain Name System (DNS), yaitu krisis yang diarahkan pada operasi dasar dari Internet (basic internet operation).

reff

10 Status Code Definitions HTTP

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Sat, 21 Jul 2012 07:23:00 +0000

Status Code Definitions

List of HTTP Status Code Definitions

10.1.1 Informational 1xxThis class of status code indicates a provisional response, consisting only of the Status-Line and optional headers, and is terminated by an empty line. There are no required headers for this class of status code. Since HTTP/1.0 did not define any 1xx status codes, servers MUST NOT send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0 client except under experimental conditions.
A client MUST be prepared to accept one or more 1xx status responses prior to a regular response, even if the client does not expect a 100 (Continue) status message. Unexpected 1xx status responses MAY be ignored by a user agent.
Proxies MUST forward 1xx responses, unless the connection between the proxy and its client has been closed, or unless the proxy itself requested the generation of the 1xx response. (For example, if a
proxy adds a "Expect: 100-continue" field when it forwards a request, then it need not forward the corresponding 100 (Continue) response(s).)

10.1.1 100 Continue

The client SHOULD continue with its request. This interim response is used to inform the client that the initial part of the request has been received and has not yet been rejected by the server. The client SHOULD continue by sending the remainder of the request or, if the request has already been completed, ignore this response. The server MUST send a final response after the request has been completed. See section 8.2.3 for detailed discussion of the use and handling of this status code.

10.1.2 101 Switching Protocols

The server understands and is willing to comply with the client's request, via the Upgrade message header field (section 14.42), for a change in the application protocol being used on this connection. The server will switch protocols to those defined by the response's Upgrade header field immediately after the empty line which terminates the 101 response.
The protocol SHOULD be switched only when it is advantageous to do so. For example, switching to a newer version of HTTP is advantageous over older versions, and switching to a real-time, synchronous protocol might be advantageous when delivering resources that use such features.

10.2 Successful 2xx

This class of status code indicates that the client's request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.

10.2.1 200 OK

The request has succeeded. The information returned with the response is dependent on the method used in the request, for example:
GET an entity corresponding to the requested resource is sent in the response;
HEAD the entity-header fields corresponding to the requested resource are sent in the response without any message-body;
POST an entity describing or containing the result of the action;
TRACE an entity containing the request message as received by the end server.

10.2.2 201 Created

The request has been fulfilled and resulted in a new resource being created. The newly created resource can be referenced by the URI(s) returned in the entity of the response, with the most specific URI for the resource given by a Location header field. The response SHOULD include an entity containing a list of resource characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can choose the one most appropriate. The entity format is specified by the media type given in the Content-Type header field. The origin server MUST create the resource before returning the 201 status code. If the action cannot be carried out immediately, the server SHOULD respond with 202 (Accepted) response instead.
A 201 response MAY contain an ETag response header field indicating the current value of the entity tag for the requested variant just created, see section 14.19.

10.2.3 202 Accepted

The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. The request might or might not eventually be acted upon, as it might be disallowed when processing actually takes place. There is no facility for re-sending a status code from an asynchronous operation such as this.
The 202 response is intentionally non-committal. Its purpose is to allow a server to accept a request for some other process (perhaps a batch-oriented process that is only run once per day) without requiring that the user agent's connection to the server persist until the process is completed. The entity returned with this response SHOULD include an indication of the request's current status and either a pointer to a status monitor or some estimate of when the user can expect the request to be fulfilled.

10.2.4 203 Non-Authoritative Information

The returned metainformation in the entity-header is not the definitive set as available from the origin server, but is gathered from a local or a third-party copy. The set presented MAY be a subset or superset of the original version. For example, including local annotation information about the resource might result in a superset of the metainformation known by the origin server. Use of this response code is not required and is only appropriate when the response would otherwise be 200 (OK).

10.2.5 204 No Content

The server has fulfilled the request but does not need to return an entity-body, and might want to return updated metainformation. The response MAY include new or updated metainformation in the form of entity-headers, which if present SHOULD be associated with the requested variant.
If the client is a user agent, it SHOULD NOT change its document view from that which caused the request to be sent. This response is primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place without causing a change to the user agent's active document view, although any new or updated metainformation SHOULD be applied to the document currently in the user agent's active view.
The 204 response MUST NOT include a message-body, and thus is always terminated by the first empty line after the header fields.

10.2.6 205 Reset Content

The server has fulfilled the request and the user agent SHOULD reset the document view which caused the request to be sent. This response is primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place via user input, followed by a clearing of the form in which the input is given so that the user can easily initiate another input action. The response MUST NOT include an entity.

10.2.7 206 Partial Content

The server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource. The request MUST have included a Range header field (section 14.35) indicating the desired range, and MAY have included an If-Range header field (section 14.27) to make the request conditional.
The response MUST include the following header fields:

      - Either a Content-Range header field (section 14.16) indicating
        the range included with this response, or a multipart/byteranges
        Content-Type including Content-Range fields for each part. If a
        Content-Length header field is present in the response, its
        value MUST match the actual number of OCTETs transmitted in the
        message-body.

      - Date

      - ETag and/or Content-Location, if the header would have been sent
        in a 200 response to the same request

      - Expires, Cache-Control, and/or Vary, if the field-value might
        differ from that sent in any previous response for the same
        variant

If the 206 response is the result of an If-Range request that used a strong cache validator (see section 13.3.3), the response SHOULD NOT include other entity-headers. If the response is the result of an If-Range request that used a weak validator, the response MUST NOT include other entity-headers; this prevents inconsistencies between cached entity-bodies and updated headers. Otherwise, the response MUST include all of the entity-headers that would have been returned with a 200 (OK) response to the same request.
A cache MUST NOT combine a 206 response with other previously cached content if the ETag or Last-Modified headers do not match exactly, see 13.5.4.
A cache that does not support the Range and Content-Range headers MUST NOT cache 206 (Partial) responses.

10.3 Redirection 3xx

This class of status code indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request. The action required MAY be carried out by the user agent without interaction with the user if and only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD. A client SHOULD detect infinite redirection loops, since such loops generate network traffic for each redirection.

      Note: previous versions of this specification recommended a
      maximum of five redirections. Content developers should be aware
      that there might be clients that implement such a fixed
      limitation.

10.3.1 300 Multiple Choices

The requested resource corresponds to any one of a set of representations, each with its own specific location, and agent- driven negotiation information (section 12) is being provided so that the user (or user agent) can select a preferred representation and redirect its request to that location.
Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include an entity containing a list of resource characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can choose the one most appropriate. The entity format is specified by the media type given in the Content- Type header field. Depending upon the format and the capabilities of
the user agent, selection of the most appropriate choice MAY be performed automatically. However, this specification does not define any standard for such automatic selection.
If the server has a preferred choice of representation, it SHOULD include the specific URI for that representation in the Location field; user agents MAY use the Location field value for automatic redirection. This response is cacheable unless indicated otherwise.

10.3.2 301 Moved Permanently

The requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any future references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned URIs. Clients with link editing capabilities ought to automatically re-link references to the Request-URI to one or more of the new references returned by the server, where possible. This response is cacheable unless indicated otherwise.
The new permanent URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s).
If the 301 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.

      Note: When automatically redirecting a POST request after
      receiving a 301 status code, some existing HTTP/1.0 user agents
      will erroneously change it into a GET request.

10.3.3 302 Found

The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. Since the redirection might be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD continue to use the Request-URI for future requests. This response is only cacheable if indicated by a Cache-Control or Expires header field.
The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s).
If the 302 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.

      Note: RFC 1945 and RFC 2068 specify that the client is not allowed
      to change the method on the redirected request.  However, most
      existing user agent implementations treat 302 as if it were a 303
      response, performing a GET on the Location field-value regardless
      of the original request method. The status codes 303 and 307 have
      been added for servers that wish to make unambiguously clear which
      kind of reaction is expected of the client.

10.3.4 303 See Other

The response to the request can be found under a different URI and SHOULD be retrieved using a GET method on that resource. This method exists primarily to allow the output of a POST-activated script to redirect the user agent to a selected resource. The new URI is not a substitute reference for the originally requested resource. The 303 response MUST NOT be cached, but the response to the second (redirected) request might be cacheable.
The different URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s).

      Note: Many pre-HTTP/1.1 user agents do not understand the 303
      status. When interoperability with such clients is a concern, the
      302 status code may be used instead, since most user agents react
      to a 302 response as described here for 303.

10.3.5 304 Not Modified

If the client has performed a conditional GET request and access is allowed, but the document has not been modified, the server SHOULD respond with this status code. The 304 response MUST NOT contain a message-body, and thus is always terminated by the first empty line after the header fields.
The response MUST include the following header fields:

      - Date, unless its omission is required by section 14.18.1

If a clockless origin server obeys these rules, and proxies and clients add their own Date to any response received without one (as already specified by [RFC 2068], section 14.19), caches will operate correctly.

      - ETag and/or Content-Location, if the header would have been sent
        in a 200 response to the same request

      - Expires, Cache-Control, and/or Vary, if the field-value might
        differ from that sent in any previous response for the same
        variant

If the conditional GET used a strong cache validator (see section 13.3.3), the response SHOULD NOT include other entity-headers. Otherwise (i.e., the conditional GET used a weak validator), the response MUST NOT include other entity-headers; this prevents inconsistencies between cached entity-bodies and updated headers.
If a 304 response indicates an entity not currently cached, then the cache MUST disregard the response and repeat the request without the conditional.
If a cache uses a received 304 response to update a cache entry, the cache MUST update the entry to reflect any new field values given in the response.

10.3.6 305 Use Proxy

The requested resource MUST be accessed through the proxy given by the Location field. The Location field gives the URI of the proxy. The recipient is expected to repeat this single request via the proxy. 305 responses MUST only be generated by origin servers.

      Note: RFC 2068 was not clear that 305 was intended to redirect a
      single request, and to be generated by origin servers only.  Not
      observing these limitations has significant security consequences.

10.3.7 306 (Unused)

The 306 status code was used in a previous version of the specification, is no longer used, and the code is reserved.

10.3.8 307 Temporary Redirect

The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. Since the redirection MAY be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD continue to use the Request-URI for future requests. This response is only cacheable if indicated by a Cache-Control or Expires header field.
The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s) , since many pre-HTTP/1.1 user agents do not understand the 307 status. Therefore, the note SHOULD contain the information necessary for a user to repeat the original request on the new URI.
If the 307 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.

10.4 Client Error 4xx

The 4xx class of status code is intended for cases in which the client seems to have erred. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. These status codes are applicable to any request method. User agents SHOULD display any included entity to the user.
If the client is sending data, a server implementation using TCP SHOULD be careful to ensure that the client acknowledges receipt of the packet(s) containing the response, before the server closes the input connection. If the client continues sending data to the server after the close, the server's TCP stack will send a reset packet to the client, which may erase the client's unacknowledged input buffers before they can be read and interpreted by the HTTP application.

10.4.1 400 Bad Request

The request could not be understood by the server due to malformed syntax. The client SHOULD NOT repeat the request without modifications.

10.4.2 401 Unauthorized

The request requires user authentication. The response MUST include a WWW-Authenticate header field (section 14.47) containing a challenge applicable to the requested resource. The client MAY repeat the request with a suitable Authorization header field (section 14.8). If the request already included Authorization credentials, then the 401 response indicates that authorization has been refused for those credentials. If the 401 response contains the same challenge as the prior response, and the user agent has already attempted authentication at least once, then the user SHOULD be presented the entity that was given in the response, since that entity might include relevant diagnostic information. HTTP access authentication is explained in "HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication".

10.4.3 402 Payment Required

This code is reserved for future use.

10.4.4 403 Forbidden

The server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it. Authorization will not help and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated. If the request method was not HEAD and the server wishes to make public why the request has not been fulfilled, it SHOULD describe the reason for the refusal in the entity. If the server does not wish to make this information available to the client, the status code 404 (Not Found) can be used instead.

10.4.5 404 Not Found

The server has not found anything matching the Request-URI. No indication is given of whether the condition is temporary or permanent. The 410 (Gone) status code SHOULD be used if the server knows, through some internally configurable mechanism, that an old resource is permanently unavailable and has no forwarding address. This status code is commonly used when the server does not wish to reveal exactly why the request has been refused, or when no other response is applicable.

10.4.6 405 Method Not Allowed

The method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the resource identified by the Request-URI. The response MUST include an Allow header containing a list of valid methods for the requested resource.

10.4.7 406 Not Acceptable

The resource identified by the request is only capable of generating response entities which have content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the request.
Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include an entity containing a list of available entity characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can choose the one most appropriate. The entity format is specified by the media type given in the Content-Type header field. Depending upon the format and the capabilities of the user agent, selection of the most appropriate choice MAY be performed automatically. However, this specification does not define any standard for such automatic selection.

      Note: HTTP/1.1 servers are allowed to return responses which are
      not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the
      request. In some cases, this may even be preferable to sending a
      406 response. User agents are encouraged to inspect the headers of
      an incoming response to determine if it is acceptable.

If the response could be unacceptable, a user agent SHOULD temporarily stop receipt of more data and query the user for a decision on further actions.

10.4.8 407 Proxy Authentication Required

This code is similar to 401 (Unauthorized), but indicates that the client must first authenticate itself with the proxy. The proxy MUST return a Proxy-Authenticate header field (section 14.33) containing a challenge applicable to the proxy for the requested resource. The client MAY repeat the request with a suitable Proxy-Authorization header field (section 14.34). HTTP access authentication is explained in "HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication" .

10.4.9 408 Request Timeout

The client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared to wait. The client MAY repeat the request without modifications at any later time.

10.4.10 409 Conflict

The request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the resource. This code is only allowed in situations where it is expected that the user might be able to resolve the conflict and resubmit the request. The response body SHOULD include enough
information for the user to recognize the source of the conflict. Ideally, the response entity would include enough information for the user or user agent to fix the problem; however, that might not be possible and is not required.
Conflicts are most likely to occur in response to a PUT request. For example, if versioning were being used and the entity being PUT included changes to a resource which conflict with those made by an earlier (third-party) request, the server might use the 409 response to indicate that it can't complete the request. In this case, the response entity would likely contain a list of the differences between the two versions in a format defined by the response Content-Type.

10.4.11 410 Gone

The requested resource is no longer available at the server and no forwarding address is known. This condition is expected to be considered permanent. Clients with link editing capabilities SHOULD delete references to the Request-URI after user approval. If the server does not know, or has no facility to determine, whether or not the condition is permanent, the status code 404 (Not Found) SHOULD be used instead. This response is cacheable unless indicated otherwise.
The 410 response is primarily intended to assist the task of web maintenance by notifying the recipient that the resource is intentionally unavailable and that the server owners desire that remote links to that resource be removed. Such an event is common for limited-time, promotional services and for resources belonging to individuals no longer working at the server's site. It is not necessary to mark all permanently unavailable resources as "gone" or to keep the mark for any length of time -- that is left to the discretion of the server owner.

10.4.12 411 Length Required

The server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content- Length. The client MAY repeat the request if it adds a valid Content-Length header field containing the length of the message-body in the request message.

10.4.13 412 Precondition Failed

The precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields evaluated to false when it was tested on the server. This response code allows the client to place preconditions on the current resource metainformation (header field data) and thus prevent the requested method from being applied to a resource other than the one intended.

10.4.14 413 Request Entity Too Large

The server is refusing to process a request because the request entity is larger than the server is willing or able to process. The server MAY close the connection to prevent the client from continuing the request.
If the condition is temporary, the server SHOULD include a Retry- After header field to indicate that it is temporary and after what time the client MAY try again.

10.4.15 414 Request-URI Too Long

The server is refusing to service the request because the Request-URI is longer than the server is willing to interpret. This rare condition is only likely to occur when a client has improperly converted a POST request to a GET request with long query information, when the client has descended into a URI "black hole" of redirection (e.g., a redirected URI prefix that points to a suffix of itself), or when the server is under attack by a client attempting to exploit security holes present in some servers using fixed-length buffers for reading or manipulating the Request-URI.

10.4.16 415 Unsupported Media Type

The server is refusing to service the request because the entity of the request is in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method.

10.4.17 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable

A server SHOULD return a response with this status code if a request included a Range request-header field (section 14.35), and none of the range-specifier values in this field overlap the current extent of the selected resource, and the request did not include an If-Range request-header field. (For byte-ranges, this means that the first- byte-pos of all of the byte-range-spec values were greater than the current length of the selected resource.)
When this status code is returned for a byte-range request, the response SHOULD include a Content-Range entity-header field specifying the current length of the selected resource (see section 14.16). This response MUST NOT use the multipart/byteranges content- type.

10.4.18 417 Expectation Failed

The expectation given in an Expect request-header field (see section 14.20) could not be met by this server, or, if the server is a proxy, the server has unambiguous evidence that the request could not be met by the next-hop server.

10.5 Server Error 5xx

Response status codes beginning with the digit "5" indicate cases in which the server is aware that it has erred or is incapable of performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. User agents SHOULD display any included entity to the user. These response codes are applicable to any request method.

10.5.1 500 Internal Server Error

The server encountered an unexpected condition which prevented it from fulfilling the request.

10.5.2 501 Not Implemented

The server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the request. This is the appropriate response when the server does not recognize the request method and is not capable of supporting it for any resource.

10.5.3 502 Bad Gateway

The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid response from the upstream server it accessed in attempting to fulfill the request.

10.5.4 503 Service Unavailable

The server is currently unable to handle the request due to a temporary overloading or maintenance of the server. The implication is that this is a temporary condition which will be alleviated after some delay. If known, the length of the delay MAY be indicated in a Retry-After header. If no Retry-After is given, the client SHOULD handle the response as it would for a 500 response.

      Note: The existence of the 503 status code does not imply that a
      server must use it when becoming overloaded. Some servers may wish
      to simply refuse the connection.

10.5.5 504 Gateway Timeout

The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, did not receive a timely response from the upstream server specified by the URI (e.g. HTTP, FTP, LDAP) or some other auxiliary server (e.g. DNS) it needed to access in attempting to complete the request.

      Note: Note to implementors: some deployed proxies are known to
      return 400 or 500 when DNS lookups time out.

10.5.6 505 HTTP Version Not Supported

The server does not support, or refuses to support, the HTTP protocol version that was used in the request message. The server is indicating that it is unable or unwilling to complete the request using the same major version as the client, as described in section 3.1, other than with this error message. The response SHOULD contain an entity describing why that version is not supported and what other protocols are supported by that server.

source: w3

Cara share posting kaskus di facebook

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Fri, 08 Jun 2012 06:22:00 +0000

Mungkin anda kesulitan untuk menaruh link posting anda di Facebook.
Yang mana jika kita mencoba memasukkan link kaskus di Facebook akan muncul warning seperti dibawah ini ;

Tentunya sangat mengesalkan bukan ?
Ada apa antara Kaskus dengan Facebook ?
Kenapa tidak bisa menaruh link Kaskus di Facebook ?

Tapi tenang saja, saya punya sedikit trik untuk mengakalinya.
Dan trik ini sudah saya uji terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui keberhasilannya dan hasilnya sukses.
Saya menggunakan QR Code sebagai pengganti link kaskus tersebut agar dapat di posting di Facebook.
Yang mana Facebook hanya menolak url yang mengandung kata "kaskus".
Tapi dengan QR Code semua itu bisa teratasi.

Mau tau trik nya ?
Langsung saja ikuti langkah-langkah berikut ini ;

Untuk merubah link menjadi QR Code:

Copy dahulu link post kaskus yang akan anda rubah menjadi QR Code disini, disini atau disini.
Pilih URL untuk type content. Kemudian paste di kotak URL yang telah disediakan.
Pilih ukuran terkecil untuk hasil terbaik (S)
Klik generate untuk melihat hasil image nya
Kemudian klik kanan pada image dan save as di komputer anda atau printscreen dan paste di mspaint. Lalu edit dan crop image tsb
Upload image tersebut dan beri keterangan terserah anda (misal : cara share post kaskus di FB)
Klik post
Selamat link Kaskus anda sudah berhasil di posting di Facebook

Untuk membaca QR image:

Instal dahulu add-ons QR Decoder untuk firefox disini
Jika sudah di install, restart Firefox untuk mengaktifkannya
Jika sudah direstart maka add-ons QR Decoder tersebut sudah bisa digunakan dengan cara klik pada image QR kemudian klik kanan.
Pilih Decode QR Code
Klik pada link pop-up yang ditampilkan
Selamat anda sudah berhasil menuju posting Kaskus tersebut

Cara tersebut hanyalah 1 dari beberapa cara untuk memposting url kaskus di Facebook.
Masih banyak cara lainnya. Silahkan di improvisasi sendiri.

catatan : jika link hasil decode dari image QR tidak bisa dibuka, kemungkinan link berasal dari live beta kaskus (hanya bisa dilihat oleh yang sudah di invite)

/* berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi dan bukan hasil copy pasti dari blog atau situs lain. */

Cara bikin handphone Android jadi Hot Spot

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Mon, 21 May 2012 04:23:00 +0000

Step by Step konfigurasi Handphone Wireless Tethering Android Samsung Galaxy Mini GT-S5570, agar dapat menjadi Wireless HotSpot / Access Point.Dengan memanfaatkan fitur ini, kita tidak perlu lagi mengunakan Modem 3G USB yang kita miliki dan tidak perlu lagi gonta-ganti kartu SimCard serta lebih praktis pengunaan Wifi seperti mengunakan HotSpot Access Point pada umumnya. Selain itu, dengan memiliki HotSpot sendiri kita bisa mengunakan VMWare dengan mudah tanpa jaringan LAN ataupun Cable Loopback. Iyach khan….???

Langkah Pertama : Kita masuk ke menu Pengaturan / Setting.

Kedua : Kita masuk ke menu Wireless dan Jaringan.

Ketiga : Masuk ke menu Mobile Network, kita aktifkan lebih dulu paket data / internet ( sesuai dengan layanan yang kita pake dari Simcard provider Telco ).

Keempat : Aktifkan / checkmark Layanan Paket datanya.

Kelima : Pada peringatan pengunaan paket data akan ada konfirmasi seperti di bawah ini. Lalu pilih OK.

Keenam : Paket Data sudah aktif.

Keenam : Selanjutnya kita masuk ke menu Tethering & Portable HotSpot. Jika Android anda belum ada menu ini, anda bisa download dan install aplikasi-nya dari sini :

http://www.freewarelovers.com/android/app/wireless-tether

Ketujuh : Lalu kita masuk ke menu Konfigurasi Mobile AP.

Kedelapan : Selanjutnya kita lakukan setting WIFI System di Android kita ini sama seperti kalau kita melakukan setting Access Point pada umumnya. Tentukan Nama SSID, Type Security / pengamanan dan Password, lalu pilih menu Simpan dan selanjutnya kita telah memiliki Mobile Access Point atau Portable HotSpot.

Kesembilan : Pastikan tanda Checkmark atau Centang pada Mobile AP seperti gambar di bawah ini sebagai tanda bahwa Portable Hotspot kita telah aktif.

Kesepuluh : Keluar dari menu Pengaturan dan muncul tampilan seperti gambar dibawah ini.

Kesebelas : Selanjutnya kita Scan Wifi yang ada di sekitar kita dan kita coba koneksikan Laptop kita ke Portable Hotspot yang telah kita buat tadi dengan nama AndroidAP-007.

Selain berfungsi sebagai Access Point, Samsung Galaxy Mini GT-S5570 juga berfungsi sebagai DHCP Server sehingga PC atau Laptop Client yang terkoneksi ke Access Point ini akan mendapatkan IP Address secara Otomatis. Tapi kita juga bisa setting manual koq IP Address-nya sesuai kebutuhan kita, IP Address AP sekagus berfungsi sebagai Gateway danDNS Server adalah sebagai berikut :

IP Address Device : 192.168.43.1

IP Gateway : 192.168.43.1

IP DNS Server : 192.168.43.1

( Mudah sekali bukan ??? ). Kita juga bisa memanfaatkan Samsung Galaxy Mini GT-S5570 sebagai FTP Server mengunakan Aplikasi FILE EXPERT . Selain itu juga penulis sudah mencoba memanfaatkan Sharing akses internet ini dengan Router Mikrotik ( itupun mengunakan VMWare Workstation ). Intinya sich sangat mudah sekali kita mau berapa saja dengan teknologi ini, yang penting ada kemauan untuk meng-explorasinya. Belajar, belajar, belajar dan mencoba… Salam…

sumber : james bond

How to verify Technorati claim token

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 12:49:00 +0000

Verify Technorati Token

Technorati will give you email contain unique token number like EKYCYiWuyYknoec9BFTQp0MYhfw (new) D95AS6YN3836 (old) for this blog.

Next step is you need to write about something on your blog where you can put your token there and publish it, for example you can write a post like i did in this post, it need to show to Technorati system that you are the real owner of this blog.

Remember to put the exact token as you've get from Technorati email. You could place the code anywhere in the post (generally it is preferred to keep within the first few lines or within excerpt).

Or you can put in your html page ( just in < head > area ). Login and go to

Once you have published the post with the token in it, visit http://technorati.com/account/. Sign in to your Technorati account. Under your profile page, you should notice Technorati claim status and a button to verify claim token.

Verify Technorati Claim Token

Click on ‘verify claim token’ and Technorati will go and look for unique code in your blog. If all goes well, Technorati will visit your blog, find the token and verify it.

You may sometimes get an error message with Technorati mentioning that “we have encountered a problem reading your site’s data.” If that occurs, make sure your claim code is correct (as it mentioned on http://technorati.com/account/ on your claimed blog) and is reflected in your blog’s RSS feed.

For blogs, having feed excerpts enabled, make sure the code appears in excerpt. It's important to be noted that token that you got from email not always as it want on http://technorati.com/account/ so read carefully on error message beside your blog picture.

There are a number of possible causes of claim failures. Here are some pointers to help make your claim successful: 1) Don't redirect A redirect is a mechanism for telling a browser, or anyone trying to find content at a given URL that they should look at a different URL.

For example, some who used to have a blog at http://myOldOldBlogSite.zzz and now has a blog at http://mySnazzyNewSite.zzz might set up a redirect so that anyone going to the old site gets automatically sent on to the new site.

This can be quite useful, but if you do this, please do NOT try to claim the old site URL. When it tells us there's nothing there and we should look elsewhere, we believe it, so we don't want to add the old URL to our system.

If you want to claim the new site, please do, but use the new URL. Of course, we don't have a problem with minor redirects that are essentially the same location, such as redirects that add or remove www or a slash at the end of the URL, or to go from http://mySnazzyNewSite.zzz to http://mySnazzyNewSite.zzz/index.php

2) Make sure the claim code (also called the claim token) is in a post and is visible in your feed.

Technorati relies very heavily on feeds for all of our processing, so make sure we can find the code there. And the code needs to be in a post -- there are too many ways to get text onto someone else's blog page, so we require that you demonstrate that you can actually make or edit a post to claim a blog.

We realize that putting this odd code text into your feed means that all of your feed followers (and perhaps Twitter, Facebook, and other sites) will see it, but it's the best method we've found so far to demonstrate to us that you control the blog. You can remove the code once the claim is complete. It's probably best to put the code at the beginning of an existing post, and then remove it after claiming.

Many feeds do not include the full post, so putting it at the start of a post ensures it gets into your feed. Then when you're done, you can remove it and it's gone.

If you create a new post for the code and then delete the entire post, many systems cannot tell if the post was deleted or just aged off of the feed like an old (but still valid) post, so may not remove it when you do. 3) Do not block Technorati using the robots.txt access control mechanism.

Web sites can host a file named robots.txt that specifies what automated software ("robots") are allowed to access. Not all software obeys these directions, but Technorati does, so if you have a robots.txt file that doesn't allow us to read your site, we won't. If you use a blogging service such as BlogSpot or LiveJournal, this is likely controlled via your blog settings for privacy.

Look for settings relating to allowing search engines to index your blog. If you are hosting your own site, make sure to permit access to TechnoratiBot (currently our UserAgent is TechnoratiBot/8.1). You can learn more about using robots.txt and the Robots Exclusion Standard at robots.org or Wikipedia.

How to verify Technorati claim token, read more: http://technorati.com/blog-claiming-faq/

Firefox Error Code: sec_error_revoked_certificate

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 06:48:00 +0000

when browsing, do you ever have problems like this:

I experienced this when I try to access a site.
By default, Firefox do OSCP now. It check the issuer of the security certificate and ask him if the issued certificate has not been notified as compromized by the customer.

Cek and read this page:support.mozilla

Unfortunately, this is the case. The certificate used by the site is no more guaranteed by the issuer. This is a very rare issue and quite problematic. Contact the site owner so that it can fix it.
I never saw this error before, but maybe you can add an exception temporarily.

Then i found a way to fix the problem. In a pinch you can disable OCSP:
in a FF3 browser location bar type "about:config"
in the filter box, type "security"
double-click the entry "security.OCSP.enabled" and change the 1 to a 0

if you are experiencing issues around firefox, please visit : mozilla

What is Android ?

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 11:08:00 +0000

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language.

Features :
• Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components
• Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
• Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine
• Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional)
• SQLite for structured data storage
• Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
• GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
• Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
• Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent)
• Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE Android Architecture The following diagram shows the major components of the Android operating system.

Each section is described in more detail below.

Applications Android will ship with a set of core applications including an email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and others.All applications are written using the Java programming language. Application Framework By providing an open development platform, Android offers developers the ability to build extremely rich and innovative applications.

Developers are free to take advantage of the device hardware, access location information, run background services, set alarms, add notifications to the status bar, and much, much more.
Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used by the core applications.

The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse of components; any application can publish its capabilities and any other application may then make use of those capabilities (subject to security constraints enforced by the framework). This same mechanism allows components to be replaced by the user.

Underlying all applications is a set of services and systems, including:
• A rich and extensible set of Views that can be used to build an application, including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browser
• Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other applications (such as Contacts), or to share their own data
• A Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources such as localized strings, graphics, and layout files
• A Notification Manager that enables all applications to display custom alerts in the status bar
• An Activity Manager that manages the lifecycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstack

For more details and a walkthrough of an application, see the Notepad Tutorial. Libraries Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the Android system. These capabilities are exposed to developers through the Android application framework.

Some of the core libraries are listed below:
• System C library - a BSD-derived implementation of the standard C system library (libc), tuned for embedded Linux-based devices
• Media Libraries - based on PacketVideo's OpenCORE; the libraries support playback and recording of many popular audio and video formats, as well as static image files, including MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG
• Surface Manager - manages access to the display subsystem and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from multiple applications
• LibWebCore - a modern web browser engine which powers both the Android browser and an embeddable web view
• SGL - the underlying 2D graphics engine
• 3D libraries - an implementation based on OpenGL ES 1.0 APIs; the libraries use either hardware 3D acceleration (where available) or the included, highly optimized 3D software rasterizer
• FreeType - bitmap and vector font rendering
• SQLite - a powerful and lightweight relational database engine available to all Applications Android Runtime, includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java programming language.

Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently. The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint.

The VM is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into the .dex format by the included "dx" tool. The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for underlying functionality such as threading and low-level memory management.

Linux Kernel Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model. The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the software stack.

APPLICATION FUNDAMENTAL

Android applications are written in the Java programming language. The Android SDK tools compile the code—along with any data and resource files—into an Android package, an archive file with an .apk suffix.
All the code in a single .apk file is considered to be one application and is the file that Android-powered devices use to install the application.

Once installed on a device, each Android application lives in its own security sandbox: The Android operating system is a multi-user Linux system in which each application is a different user.
By default, the system assigns each application a unique Linux user ID (the ID is used only by the system and is unknown to the application).

The system sets permissions for all the files in an application so that only the user ID assigned to that application can access them. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so an application's code runs in isolation from other applications.

By default, every application runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the application's components need to be executed, then shuts down the process when it's no longer needed or when the system must recover memory for other applications.

In this way, the Android system implements the principle of least privilege.
That is, each application, by default, has access only to the components that it requires to do its work and no more. This creates a very secure environment in which an application cannot access parts of the system for which it is not given permission.

However, there are ways for an application to share data with other applications and for an application to access system services: It's possible to arrange for two applications to share the same Linux user ID, in which case they are able to access each other's files.

To conserve system resources, applications with the same user ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process and share the same VM (the applications must also be signed with the same certificate).
An application can request permission to access device data such as the user's contacts, SMS messages, the mountable storage (SD card), camera, Bluetooth, and more.

All application permissions must be granted by the user at install time. That covers the basics regarding how an Android application exists within the system.
The rest of this document introduces you to: The core framework components that define your application. The manifest file in which you declare components and required device features for your application.

Resources that are separate from the application code and allow your application to gracefully optimize its behavior for a variety of device configurations. Application Components Application components are the essential building blocks of an Android application.

Each component is a different point through which the system can enter your application.
Not all components are actual entry points for the user and some depend on each other, but each one exists as its own entity and plays a specific role—each one is a unique building block that helps define your application's overall behavior.

There are four different types of application components.
Each type serves a distinct purpose and has a distinct lifecycle that defines how the component is created and destroyed.

Here are the four types of application components: Activities An activity represents a single screen with a user interface. For example, an email application might have one activity that shows a list of new emails, another activity to compose an email, and another activity for reading emails.

Although the activities work together to form a cohesive user experience in the email application, each one is independent of the others. As such, a different application can start any one of these activities (if the email application allows it).

For example, a camera application can start the activity in the email application that composes new mail, in order for the user to share a picture. An activity is implemented as a subclass of Activity and you can learn more about it in the Activities developer guide.
Services A service is a component that runs in the background to perform long-running operations or to perform work for remote processes.

A service does not provide a user interface. For example, a service might play music in the background while the user is in a different application, or it might fetch data over the network without blocking user interaction with an activity. Another component, such as an activity, can start the service and let it run or bind to it in order to interact with it.

A service is implemented as a subclass of Service and you can learn more about it in the Services developer guide. Content providers A content provider manages a shared set of application data.
You can store the data in the file system, an SQLite database, on the web, or any other persistent storage location your application can access.

Through the content provider, other applications can query or even modify the data (if the content provider allows it). For example, the Android system provides a content provider that manages the user's contact information. As such, any application with the proper permissions can query part of the content provider (such as ContactsContract.Data) to read and write information about a particular person.

Content providers are also useful for reading and writing data that is private to your application and not shared. For example, the Note Pad sample application uses a content provider to save notes.
A content provider is implemented as a subclass of ContentProvider and must implement a standard set of APIs that enable other applications to perform transactions.

For more information, see the Content Providers developer guide. Broadcast receivers A broadcast receiver is a component that responds to system-wide broadcast announcements.
Many broadcasts originate from the system—for example, a broadcast announcing that the screen has turned off, the battery is low, or a picture was captured.

Applications can also initiate broadcasts—for example, to let other applications know that some data has been downloaded to the device and is available for them to use. Although broadcast receivers don't display a user interface, they may create a status bar notification to alert the user when a broadcast event occurs.

More commonly, though, a broadcast receiver is just a "gateway" to other components and is intended to do a very minimal amount of work. For instance, it might initiate a service to perform some work based on the event. A broadcast receiver is implemented as a subclass of BroadcastReceiver and each broadcast is delivered as an Intent object. For more information, see the BroadcastReceiver class.

A unique aspect of the Android system design is that any application can start another application’s component. For example, if you want the user to capture a photo with the device camera, there's probably another application that does that and your application can use it, instead of developing an activity to capture a photo yourself.

You don't need to incorporate or even link to the code from the camera application. Instead, you can simply start the activity in the camera application that captures a photo. When complete, the photo is even returned to your application so you can use it. To the user, it seems as if the camera is actually a part of your application.

When the system starts a component, it starts the process for that application (if it's not already running) and instantiates the classes needed for the component. For example, if your application starts the activity in the camera application that captures a photo, that activity runs in the process that belongs to the camera application, not in your application's process.

Therefore, unlike applications on most other systems, Android applications don't have a single entry point (there's no main() function, for example). Because the system runs each application in a separate process with file permissions that restrict access to other applications, your application cannot directly activate a component from another application. The Android system, however, can.

So, to activate a component in another application, you must deliver a message to the system that specifies your intent to start a particular component. The system then activates the component for you. Activating Components Three of the four component types—activities, services, and broadcast receivers—are activated by an asynchronous message called an intent.

Intents bind individual components to each other at runtime (you can think of them as the messengers that request an action from other components), whether the component belongs to your application or another.
An intent is created with an Intent object, which defines a message to activate either a specific component or a specific type of component—an intent can be either explicit or implicit, respectively.

For activities and services, an intent defines the action to perform (for example, to "view" or "send" something) and may specify the URI of the data to act on (among other things that the component being started might need to know).

For example, an intent might convey a request for an activity to show an image or to open a web page. In some cases, you can start an activity to receive a result, in which case, the activity also returns the result in an
Intent (for example, you can issue an intent to let the user pick a personal contact and have it returned to you—the return intent includes a URI pointing to the chosen contact).

For broadcast receivers, the intent simply defines the announcement being broadcast (for example, a broadcast to indicate the device battery is low includes only a known action string that indicates "battery is low").

The other component type, content provider, is not activated by intents. Rather, it is activated when targeted by a request from a ContentResolver. The content resolver handles all direct transactions with the content provider so that the component that's performing transactions with the provider doesn't need to and instead calls methods on the ContentResolver object.

This leaves a layer of abstraction between the content provider and the component requesting information (for security). There are separate methods for activiting each type of component: You can start an activity (or give it something new to do) by passing an Intent to startActivity() or startActivityForResult() (when you want the activity to return a result).

You can start a service (or give new instructions to an ongoing service) by passing an Intent to startService(). Or you can bind to the service by passing an Intent to bindService(). You can initiate a broadcast by passing an Intent to methods like sendBroadcast(), sendOrderedBroadcast(), or sendStickyBroadcast().

You can perform a query to a content provider by calling query() on a ContentResolver. For more information about using intents, see the Intents and Intent Filters document.
More information about activating specific components is also provided in the following documents: Activities, Services, BroadcastReceiver and Content Providers.

The Manifest File Before the Android system can start an application component, the system must know that the component exists by reading the application's AndroidManifest.xml file (the "manifest" file).
Your application must declare all its components in this file, which must be at the root of the application project directory.

The manifest does a number of things in addition to declaring the application's components, such as: Identify any user permissions the application requires, such as Internet access or read-access to the user's contacts.
Declare the minimum API Level required by the application, based on which APIs the application uses. Declare hardware and software features used or required by the application, such as a camera, bluetooth services, or a multitouch screen.

API libraries the application needs to be linked against (other than the Android framework APIs), such as the Google Maps library. And more Declaring components The primary task of the manifest is to inform the system about the application's components.

For example, a manifest file can declare an activity as follows: ... In the element, the android:icon attribute points to resources for an icon that identifies the application. In the element, the android:name attribute specifies the fully qualified class name of the Activity subclass and the android:label attributes specifies a string to use as the user-visible label for the activity.

You must declare all application components this way: elements for activities elements for services elements for broadcast receivers elements for content providers Activities, services, and content providers that you include in your source but do not declare in the manifest are not visible to the system and, consequently, can never run.

However, broadcast receivers can be either declared in the manifest or created dynamically in code (as BroadcastReceiver objects) and registered with the system by calling registerReceiver().
For more about how to structure the manifest file for your application, see the The AndroidManifest.xml File documentation.

Declaring component capabilities As discussed above, in Activating Components, you can use an Intent to start activities, services, and broadcast receivers. You can do so by explicitly naming the target component (using the component class name) in the intent. However, the real power of intents lies in the concept of intent actions.

With intent actions, you simply describe the type of action you want to perform (and optionally, the data upon which you’d like to perform the action) and allow the system to find a component on the device that can perform the action and start it.

If there are multiple components that can perform the action described by the intent, then the user selects which one to use. The way the system identifies the components that can respond to an intent is by comparing the intent received to the intent filters provided in the manifest file of other applications on the device.

When you declare a component in your application's manifest, you can optionally include intent filters that declare the capabilities of the component so it can respond to intents from other applications.
You can declare an intent filter for your component by adding an element as a child of the component's declaration element.

For example, an email application with an activity for composing a new email might declare an intent filter in its manifest entry to respond to "send" intents (in order to send email).

An activity in your application can then create an intent with the “send” action (ACTION_SEND), which the system matches to the email application’s “send” activity and launches it when you invoke the intent with startActivity().

For more about creating intent filters, see the Intents and Intent Filters document. Declaring application requirements There are a variety of devices powered by Android and not all of them provide the same features and capabilities.

In order to prevent your application from being installed on devices that lack features needed by your application, it's important that you clearly define a profile for the types of devices your application supports by declaring device and software requirements in your manifest file.

Most of these declarations are informational only and the system does not read them, but external services such as Android Market do read them in order to provide filtering for users when they search for applications from their device.

For example, if your application requires a camera and uses APIs introduced in Android 2.1 (API Level 7), you should declare these as requirements in your manifest file.

That way, devices that do not have a camera and have an Android version lower than 2.1 cannot install your application from Android Market.

However, you can also declare that your applicaiton uses the camera, but does not require it. In that case, your application must perform a check at runtime to determine if the device has a camera and disable any features that use the camera if one is not available.

Here are some of the important device characteristics that you should consider as you design and develop your application: Screen size and density In order to categorize devices by their screen type, Android defines two characteristics for each device: screen size (the physical dimensions of the screen) and screen density (the physical density of the pixels on the screen, or dpi—dots per inch).

To simplify all the different types of screen configurations, the Android system generalizes them into select groups that make them easier to target.

The screen sizes are: small, normal, large, and extra large. The screen densities are: low density, medium density, high density, and extra high density.

By default, your application is compatible with all screen sizes and densities, because the Android system makes the appropriate adjustments to your UI layout and image resources.

However, you should create specialized layouts for certain screen sizes and provide specialized images for certain densities, using alternative layout resources, and by declaring in your manifest exactly which screen sizes your application supports with the element.

For more information, see the Supporting Multiple Screens document. Input configurations Many devices provide a different type of user input mechanism, such as a hardware keyboard, a trackball, or a five-way navigation pad.

If your application requires a particular kind of input hardware, then you should declare it in your manifest with the element.

However, it is rare that an application should require a certain input configuration. Device features There are many hardware and software features that may or may not exist on a given Android-powered device, such as a camera, a light sensor, bluetooth, a certain version of OpenGL, or the fidelity of the touchscreen.

You should never assume that a certain feature is available on all Android-powered devices (other than the availability of the standard Android library), so you should declare any features used by your application with the element.

Platform Version Different Android-powered devices often run different versions of the Android platform, such as Android 1.6 or Android 2.3.

Each successive version often includes additional APIs not available in the previous version. In order to indicate which set of APIs are available, each platform version specifies an API Level (for example, Android 1.0 is API Level 1 and Android 2.3 is API Level 9).

If you use any APIs that were added to the platform after version 1.0, you should declare the minimum API Level in which those APIs were introduced using the element.

It's important that you declare all such requirements for your application, because, when you distribute your application on Android Market, Market uses these declarations to filter which applications are available on each device.

As such, your application should be available only to devices that meet all your application requirements. For more information about how Android Market filters applications based on these (and other) requirements, see the Market Filters document.

Application Resources An Android application is composed of more than just code—it requires resources that are separate from the source code, such as images, audio files, and anything relating to the visual presentation of the application.

For example, you should define animations, menus, styles, colors, and the layout of activity user interfaces with XML files.

Using application resources makes it easy to update various characteristics of your application without modifying code and—by providing sets of alternative resources—enables you to optimize your application for a variety of device configurations (such as different languages and screen sizes).

For every resource that you include in your Android project, the SDK build tools define a unique integer ID, which you can use to reference the resource from your application code or from other resources defined in XML.

For example, if your application contains an image file named logo.png (saved in the res/drawable/ directory), the SDK tools generate a resource ID named R.drawable.logo, which you can use to reference the image and insert it in your user interface.

One of the most important aspects of providing resources separate from your source code is the ability for you to provide alternative resources for different device configurations.

For example, by defining UI strings in XML, you can translate the strings into other languages and save those strings in separate files.

Then, based on a language qualifier that you append to the resource directory's name (such as res/values-fr/ for French string values) and the user's language setting, the Android system applies the appropriate language strings to your UI.

Android supports many different qualifiers for your alternative resources. The qualifier is a short string that you include in the name of your resource directories in order to define the device configuration for which those resources should be used.

As another example, you should often create different layouts for your activities, depending on the device's screen orientation and size.

For example, when the device screen is in portrait orientation (tall), you might want a layout with buttons to be vertical, but when the screen is in landscape orientation (wide), the buttons should be aligned horizontally.

To change the layout depending on the orientation, you can define two different layouts and apply the appropriate qualifier to each layout's directory name.

Then, the system automatically applies the appropriate layout depending on the current device orientation. For more about the different kinds of resources you can include in your application and how to create alternative resources for various device configurations, see the Application Resources developer guide.

source : http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html

What is a computer virus ?

indra.irawan.s.kom@gmail.com (indra irawan) — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 10:58:00 +0000

Computer Virus

A computer virus is a small software program that spreads from one computer to another computer and that interferes with computer operation. A computer virus may corrupt or delete data on a computer, use an e-mail program to spread the virus to other computers, or even delete everything on the hard disk.

Computer viruses are most easily spread by attachments in e-mail messages or by instant messaging messages. Therefore, you must never open an e-mail attachment unless you know who sent the message or unless you are expecting the e-mail attachment.

Computer viruses can be disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files. Computer viruses also spread by using downloads on the Internet. Computer viruses can be hidden in pirated software or in other files or programs that you may download.

Symptoms that may be the result of ordinary Windows functions A computer virus infection may cause the following problems:

• Windows does not start even though you have not made any system changes or even though you have not installed or removed any programs.
• Windows does not start because certain important system files are missing. Additionally, you receive an error message that lists the missing files.
• The computer sometimes starts as expected. However, at other times, the computer stops responding before the desktop icons and the taskbar appear.
• The computer runs very slowly. Additionally, the computer takes longer than expected to start. • You receive out-of-memory error messages even though the computer has sufficient RAM.
• New programs are installed incorrectly.
• Windows spontaneously restarts unexpectedly.
• Programs that used to run stop responding frequently. Even if you remove and reinstall the programs, the issue continues to occur.
• A disk utility such as Scandisk reports multiple serious disk errors.
• A partition disappears.
• The computer always stops responding when you try to use Microsoft Office products.
• You cannot start Windows Task Manager.
• Antivirus software indicates that a computer virus is present. Symptoms of a computer virus If you suspect or confirm that your computer is infected with a computer virus, obtain the current antivirus software.

Note: These problems may also occur because of ordinary Windows functions or problems in Windows that are not caused by a computer virus.

The following are some primary indicators that a computer may be infected:
• The computer runs slower than usual.
• The computer stops responding, or it locks up frequently.
• The computer crashes, and then it restarts every few minutes.
• The computer restarts on its own. Additionally, the computer does not run as usual.
• Applications on the computer do not work correctly.
• Disks or disk drives are inaccessible.
• You cannot print items correctly.
• You see unusual error messages.
• You see distorted menus and dialog boxes.
• There is a double extension on an attachment that you recently opened, such as a .jpg, .vbs, .gif, or .exe. extension.
• An antivirus program is disabled for no reason. Additionally, the antivirus program cannot be restarted.
• An antivirus program cannot be installed on the computer, or the antivirus program will not run.
• New icons appear on the desktop that you did not put there, or the icons are not associated with any recently installed programs.
• Strange sounds or music plays from the speakers unexpectedly.
• A program disappears from the computer even though you did not intentionally remove the program.

Note: These are common signs of infection. However, these signs may also be caused by hardware or software problems that have nothing to do with a computer virus. Unless you run the Microsoft Malicious Software Removal Tool, and then you install industry-standard, up-to-date antivirus software on your computer, you cannot be certain whether a computer is infected with a computer virus or not.

Symptoms of worms and trojan horse viruses in e-mail messages When a computer virus infects e-mail messages or infects other files on a computer, you may notice the following symptoms:

• The infected file may make copies of itself. This behavior may use up all the free space on the hard disk.
• A copy of the infected file may be sent to all the addresses in an e-mail address list.
• The computer virus may reformat the hard disk. This behavior will delete files and programs.
• The computer virus may install hidden programs, such as pirated software. This pirated software may then be distributed and sold from the computer.
• The computer virus may reduce security. This could enable intruders to remotely access the computer or the network.
• You receive an e-mail message that has a strange attachment. When you open the attachment, dialog boxes appear, or a sudden degradation in system performance occurs.
• Someone tells you that they have recently received e-mail messages from you that contained attached files that you did not send. The files that are attached to the e-mail messages have extensions such as .exe, .bat, .scr, and .vbs extensions.

What is Spyware?

Spyware can install on your computer without your knowledge. These programs can change your computer’s configuration or collect advertising data and personal information. Spyware can track internet searching habits and possibly redirect web site activity.

Symptoms of Spyware When a computer becomes affected by Spyware, the following may result:
• Slow internet connection.
• Changing your web browser’s home page.
• Loss of internet connectivity.
• Failure to open some programs, including security software.
• Unable to visit specific websites, which may include redirecting you to another one.

How to remove a computer virus and spyware

Even for an expert, removing a computer virus or spyware can be a difficult task without the help of computer malicious software removal tools. Some computer viruses and other unwanted softwarereinstall themselves after the viruses and spyware have been detected and removed.

Fortunately, by updating the computer and by using malicious software removal tools, you can help permanently remove unwanted software.
To remove a computer virus and other malicious software, follow these steps: Install the latest updates from Microsoft Update:
1. For Windows Vista and Windows 7:

. Click the Pearl (Start) button, then type Windows Update in the search box.
. In the results area, click Windows Update.
. Click Check for Updates.
. Follow the instructions to download and install the latest Windows Updates.

2. For Windows XP: .

Click Start, then click Run. Type sysdm.cpl and press the Enter key.
Click the Automatic Updates tab and choose the Automatic (recommended) option.
Click OK. Use the Microsoft Safety Scanner Microsoft offers a free online tool that will scan and remove potential threats from your computer.

To perform the scan, visit: http://www.microsoft.com/security/scanner/ Install and run Microsoft Security Essentials Microsoft offers a free malicious removal program; Microsoft Security Essentials that will also help protect your computer from being infected.

To install Microsoft Security Essentials, follow the steps below:

Go to the Microsoft Security Essentials website at: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/products/security-essentials
Click Download Now.
If your browser prompts you to save or run the file, click Run.
Follow the steps to install Microsoft Security Essentials.
After installation, restart your computer and open Microsoft Security Essentials.
On the Home tab, choose the Full scan option, and then click Scan now.

For more information about how to remove a computer virus, visit the following Microsoft Web site:http://www.microsoft.com/protect/computer/viruses/remove.mspx

How to protect your computer against viruses To protect your computer against viruses, follow these steps: 1. Turn on the firewall.

For information on how to turn on your firewall with Windows XP, visit:http://support.microsoft.com/kb/283673
For information on how to turn on your firewall with Windows Vista, visit:http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Turn-Windows-Firewall-on-or-off
For information on how to turn on your firewall with Windows 7, visit:http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Turn-Windows-Firewall-on-or-off

2. Keep your computer up-to-date.

For information on how to set Automatic Updates in Windows, visit:http://support.microsoft.com/kb/306525

3. Install Microsoft Security Essentials and keep it up to date. .

For more information on how to install and use Microsoft Security Essentials, visit:http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/products/security-essentials
For more information about how to protect a computer against viruses, visit the following Microsoft Web site: http://www.microsoft.com/protect/computer/default.mspx

What are rogue virus alerts?

Rogue security software programs will try to make you think that your machine is infected by a virus and usually prompt you to download and/or buy a removal product. The names of these products usually contain words like “Antivirus,” “Shield,” “Security,” Protection,” “Fixer,” so they appear to be legitimate.

They will often run immediately when downloaded, or the next time your computer starts up. Rogue security software can prevent applications from opening, including Internet Explorer, and may display legitimate and very important Windows files as infections.

Some typical error messages or pop ups you may receive may contain: Warning! Your computer is infected! This computer is infected by spyware and adware. A good sign that the software is not beneficial to you is that when you try to close the window it will continually pop up warnings similar to: Are you sure you want to navigate from this page? Your computer is infected! They can cause data lost and file corruption and need to be treated as soon as possible.

Press CANCEL to prevent it. Return to System Security and download it to secure your PC. Press OK to Continue or Cancel to stay on the current page. It is strongly recommended that you don't download or purchase any kind of software that advertises in this manner.

How to remove rogue software If you feel you have rogue software on your computer Microsoft has offered a number of ways to help you remove it. Use the free Microsoft Safety Scanner Microsoft offers a free online tool that will scan and remove potential threats from your computer.

To perform the scan, visit: http://www.microsoft.com/security/scanner/

Download and install Microsoft Security Essentials Microsoft Security Essentials is a free tool that will help prevent rogue software, viruses, and other malicious programs from installing on your computer as well as remove them. Once you have finished using the Microsoft Safety Scanner, install Microsoft Security Essentials.

To do so, follow the steps below:

Go to the Microsoft Security Essentials site at: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/products/security-essentials
Click Download Now.
Follow the steps in the Installation Wizard to install Microsoft Security Essentials.

Manually remove the rouge software, If the rogue software cannot be detected or removed using Microsoft Safety Scanner and/or Microsoft Security Essentials, try the steps below to locate the offending program and delete it:

Write down the name of the rogue software. For this example we'll call it XP Security Agent 2010.
Start Windows in Safe Mode with Networking:

Restart your computer.
When you see the computer's manufacturer's logo, press and hold the F8 key.
When prompted, use the arrow keys to highlight Safe Mode with Networking and press theEnter key.
Click Start and check to see if the rogue software appears in the Start menu. In this case, we'll call itXP Security Agent 2010. If it's not listed there, click All Programs and scroll to find the rogue software's name.
Right-click the offending program, then click Properties.
Click the Shortcut tab.
In the Properties dialogue box, check the path of the rogue program listed in Target. For this example, it will appear as: C:\Program Files\ XP Security Agent 2010. Note: The folder name will often appear as a random number.
Click Open File Location.
In the Program Files window, click Program Files in the address bar.
Scroll until you find the offending program folder. For this example, it will be named XP Security Agent 2010. 10. Right-click the folder, then click Delete.
Restart your computer.
Go to the Microsoft Safety Scanner site at: http://www.microsoft.com/security/scanner/
Follow the steps to run the scan and remove the offending rogue software. If you suspect that your computer is infected with rogue security software that is currently not detected with Microsoft security solutions, you can submit samples using the Microsoft Malware Protection Center submission form.

For more information on rogue security software, visit the following Microsoft web sites: http://www.microsoft.com/security/antivirus/rogue.aspx

http://www.microsoft.com/security/pc-security/antivirus-rogue.aspx

How to reset your Internet Explorer proxy settings Malicious software may change Windows Internet Explorer proxy settings, and these changes can prevent you from accessing Windows Update or any Microsoft Security sites.

To change your Internet Explorer proxy settings, follow the steps below:

1. On a non-infected computer go to: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2289942

2. Go the Fix it for me section.

3. Click the Fix it button and when prompted, save it to a flash drive or a CD.

4. Insert the flash drive or CD to the infected computer.

5. Start Windows, click Start, and then click Run.

6. Click Browse.

7. Choose the location of the flash drive or CD. The file should be displayed. Double click the file and then click Open.

To change the settings yourself, follow the steps below:

1. On Windows XP, click Start, or on Windows Vista or Windows 7, click the Pearl (Start) button, and then click Run.

2. In the Run text box, copy (CTRL+C) and paste (CTRL+V) or type the following: reg add "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings" /v ProxyEnable /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f

3. Click OK.

4. On Windows XP, click Start, or on Windows Vista or Windows 7, click the Pearl (Start) button, and then click Run.

5. In theRuntext box, copy (CTRL+C) and paste (CTRL+V) or type the following: reg delete "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings" /v ProxyServer /f

6. Click OK.

How to obtain computer virus and security-related support For United States and Canada The computer safety team is available for computer virus and for other security-related support 24 hours a day in the United States and in Canada.

To obtain computer virus and security-related support, follow these steps:

1. Before you contact a support engineer, make sure that you run updated antivirus software and updated spyware removal software on the infected computer.

For more information about how to obtain a free computer safety scan, visit the following Microsoft Web site: http://www.microsoft.com/security/scanner/
For more information about antispyware software, visit the following Microsoft Web site: http://www.microsoft.com/protect/computer/spyware/as.mspx

2. Call 1-866-PCSAFETY or call 1-866-727-2338 to contact security support.

For locations outside North America To obtain computer virus and security-related support
For locations outside North America, visit the following Microsoft Web site: http://support.microsoft.com/common/international.aspx?rdpath=4

sumber : http://support.microsoft.com/kb/129972