Abdul Rahman ( Arman )

22 Nov.2010 Knowledge Management

2010-11-29T01:49:00.000-08:00

1. what is the knowledge management?
ANS:
- is the process of getting activities completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people.
Source
The term ‘management’ encompasses an array of different functions undertaken to accomplish a task successfully. In the simplest of terms, management is all about ‘getting things done’. However, it is the way and the process of how one achieves ones target or goals and it is in this respect that management is considered an art and a science as well
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2. what is knowledge management?
ANS:
- Knowledge Management (KM) comprises a range of strategies and practices used in an organization to identify, create, represent, distribute, and enable adoption of insights and experiences. Such insights and experiences comprise knowledge, either embodied in individuals or embedded in organizational processes or practice

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3.what is information system?
ANS:
-An information system (IS) is any combination of information technology and people's activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making. In a very broad sense, the term information system is frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, algorithmic processes, data and technology. In this sense, the term is used to refer not only to the information and communication technology (ICT) an organization uses, but also to the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.

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4. what are the component of information systems?
ANS:
The physical components of MIS
- Hardware
- Software
- Database
- Personnel
- Procedures

5. Why do we need to apply the knowledge management process in our business?
ANS:
- we need ways for managing the knowledge in an organization
- is for you to have your own definition of Knowledge Management; what KM is to you and your organisation. What is even more important is that you and your colleagues have a 'common shared understanding' of what KM means for you all.

To help you get started, we have included immediately below a few definitions of what KM means to some organisations. We suggest you consider them, together with any other definitions you may have, and see if there are any words or phrases that particularly 'resonate' with what you are trying to do. This will help you formulate your own definition of knowledge management.

At the end of this page, we invite you to share with us all, any definitions you have discovered and/or formulated. We can then all comment and rate the usefulness of each definition as we wish. This then provides us, at the bottom of this page, with a list of KM Definitions, listed in highest rated/ranked order, to help us even further. So please share your definitions and/or any comments or rating to definitions.
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6. Write a mind-mapping of Knowledge Management (KM)and Information Systems?
ANS:

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What is Copyright?

2010-11-08T02:14:00.000-08:00

Copyright is a set of exclusive rights granted to the author or creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute and adapt the work. The exclusive rights are however balanced for public interest purposes with limitations and exceptions to the exclusive right - such as fair dealing and fair use. Copyright theory says that it is the balance between the exclusive rights and the limitations and exceptions that engenders creativity. Copyright does not protect ideas, only their expression or fixation. In most jurisdictions copyright arises upon fixation and does not need to be registered. Copyright owners have the exclusive statutory right to exercise control over copying and other exploitation of the works for a specific period of time, after which the work is said to enter the public domain. Uses which are covered under limitations and exceptions to copyright, such as fair use, do not require permission from the copyright owner. All other uses require permission and copyright owners can license or permanently transfer or assign their exclusive rights to others.

2. What is fair use?

Answer: Fair use, a limitation and exception to the exclusive right granted by copyright law to the author of a creative work, is a doctrine in United States copyright that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders. For example, such as commentary, criticism, news reporting, research, teaching, library archiving and scholarship.

3. What is patent?

Answer: A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state (national government) to an inventor or their assignees for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention. For example, such as the procedure for granting patents, the requirements placed on the patented, and the extent of the exclusive rights vary widely between countries according to national laws and international agreements.

4. Why some inventions can not be copyrights?

Answer: Because the several categories of material are generally not eligible for copyright protection, such as works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression.

Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent

Rubric Evaluation

2010-11-01T03:38:00.001-07:00

4 3 2 1

Authority	All	Most	Some	Very few or none
design	Always	Usually	Some of the time	Rarely or not at all
Color	balanced	Few balance	Some balance	Frequent balance
Comprehensibility	Always comprehensible	Almost always comprehensible	Gist and main ideas are comprehensible	Isolated bits are comprehensible
Content coverage	Fully developed, fully supported	Adequately developed, adequately supported	Partially developed, partially supported	Minimally developed, minimally supported
Vocabulary Range Variety	Broad Highly varied; non-repetitive	Adequate Varied; occasionally repetitive	Limited Lacks variety; repetitive	Very limited Basic, memorized; highly repetitive

1. What is Rubric Evaluation?

A rubric is a scoring tool for subjective assessments. It is a set of criteria and standards linked to learning objectives that is used to assess a student's performance on papers, projects, essays, and other assignments. Rubrics allow for standardised evaluation according to specified criteria, making grading simpler and more transparent.

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How the Search Engine Works ?

2010-10-31T02:15:00.000-07:00

Search engine is the popular term for an information retrieval (IR) system. While researchers and developers take a broader view of IR systems, consumers think of them more in terms of what they want the systems to do — namely search the Web, or an intranet, or a database. Actually consumers would really prefer a finding engine, rather than a search engine.
Search engines match queries against an index that they create. The index consists of the words in each document, plus pointers to their locations within the documents. This is called an inverted file. A search engine or IR system comprises four essential modules:

A document processor
A query processor
A search and matching function
A ranking capability

While users focus on "search," the search and matching function is only one of the four modules. Each of these four modules may cause the expected or unexpected results that consumers get when they use a search engine.

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Writing Report

2010-10-09T23:33:00.001-07:00

Assignment: Writing Report

Access to Library and Information Communication

Topic:

Is it safe for foreigners to own land in Thailand?

Prepared by:

Abdul Rahman Nawawi (53060790)

Willy Zogo (53059842)

To:

Dr. Namtip Wipawin

Sripatum University 2010/2011

Abstract:

This report investigates about the current law and regulation for foreigners to own land in Thailand. A brief history of current law and regulation and its operation is initially outlined. The discussion then focuses on the advantages and limitations of owning a property in Thailand. In recent years the market in Thailand has opened up somewhat to foreigners who wish to legitimately own properties. However, there are some grey areas and expats who continue with the structures they put in place some years ago might be in for a shock if they are challenged.

Introduction

Under the Thailand Civil and Commercial Code foreigners have the same property rights as are available for Thai nationals, however it is under the Land Code Act B.E. 2497 (1954) prohibited for foreigners to own land in Thailand. As ownership of land is an essential element of any real estate (land and house) ownership it leads to the conclusion that, besides an apartment in a condominium, there is NO freehold ownership of real estate (land and house) available for foreigners in Thailand.

Under the Thailand Land Code Act foreigners may own land under the provisions of a treaty, however the last treaty allowing foreigners to own land in Thailand was terminated in 1970 and there is currently NO treaty with any country allowing foreigners to acquire and own land in Thailand. In fact anyone who contravenes with the above section shall be punished with a fine not exceeding twenty thousand baht or an imprisonment not exceeding two years, or both (section 111 of the Land Code Act).

Table of Contents:

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………

Introduction………………………………………………………………………

Discussion:

· Why invest in Thailand………………………………………………....

· Can foreigners own land in Thailand?....................................................

· A growing number of expats now own properties in Thailand.

Are you one of them and if so,

can you confidently say that you own your property legally?............

· If you are one of these owners, how do you feel about it all now?......

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..

Recommendation……………………………………………………………….

References……………………………………………………………………….

Why invest in Thailand?

Thailand is a beautiful country with wonderful people and a pleasant climate. It has a stable government and a stable economy. It is reasonably foreigner friendly as far as buying/leasing land and setting up home. In most parts of the country, it is inexpensive for Americans, Australians and Europeans to buy land, buy or build a house and live here compared to a typical retirement destination such as Spain, France or Florida. Also, many people build or buy to rent out or use as an investment.

Hua Hin is currently experiencing a building boom unsurpassed in any other part of Thailand. Prices of land and property have in many cases more than doubled over the last 3/5 years and prices are still rising. It is possible to achieve up to 30% returns on investments per annum.

Can foreigners own land in Thailand?

The direct answer, unfortunately, is no, but there are ways foreigners can legally secure the right to use land and build or buy a house.

There are two preferred ways for foreigners to own land in Thailand.

Buy the land in the name of a Thai person, usually your mate or someone you think you can trust, then lease it back for 30 years with an option to extend. Some developers already offer house sales using their own 30 year lease options.
Start a Thai company in which you can own up to 49% of the shares and buy and own land through the company.

A growing number of expats now own properties in Thailand. Are you one of them and if so, can you confidently say that you own your property legally?

It is illegal for foreigners to own land in Thailand. As an expat you cannot own the land your house stands on. Strata title ownership is allowed. Most apartments and condominiums are strata title leasehold, allowing foreigners to own the units. However, the law caps ownership by non-Thais at 49% of the space in a given development. It thus does not follow that just because you find a leasehold condominium that you can automatically own a unit. The developer must obtain government approval to have a portion of the units foreign-owned and then there is a strict control over the allocation to ensure that majority Thai ownership is maintained. Developers have been known to be less than honest when it comes to this allocation. They have sometimes allocated space by means that the government disallows, and thus foreigners illegally own their units.
The maximum allowable lease term in Thailand is 30 years, which is considered short in the western world. Leases cannot be legally arranged to run consecutively, removing that option for you to secure a 60-year lease, even though in practice this is often exercised.

If you wish to own a house there is the question of land ownership. Some expats have their Thai spouses own the property. This does not give security to you as the effective owner. Joint ownership is not allowed.
Some systems have been developed for the ownership of land through a Thai company. This is allowable but does not actually give you full proof protection. You are only allowed to own the minority of shares in a local company. Thus you still only have up to 49% ownership of the property in practice. To get around this, arrangements are often made for shares to be held by nominees. Lawyers arrange for a company registration where the legal practice staff are the other Thai shareholders.
Until recently there were seven Thai shareholders required for a Thai company. This was recently reduced to three. So the fact is that 51% or more of your house is owned by a lawyer and his Thai staff; maybe a secretary, accountant and driver. If you cannot substantiate that the capital for their shares was actually paid from their individual bank accounts, then the company registrar may declare your company illegal.
It is commonplace for the company to have small paid-up capital. Once it is established you make a loan to the company in order that it may purchase the house and land. So, in a practical sense you may own say 45% of a company with capital of 2 million baht. Your share is thus 900,000 baht. You bought the house for, say, 6 million baht. So you made a loan to the company of, say, 5.3 million. The legal situation is that you own 900,000 shares in a company that you do not control and that company owes you 5.3 million baht in loans. So the other shareholders could decide to sell the house, pay a dividend to themselves and not repay the loan. You would then be obliged to start legal action against these Thai shareholders through a Thai lawyer to recover what was actually all yours in the first place.

If you are one of these owners, how do you feel about it all now?

One of the options is for you to have your Thai spouse or a trusted friend to own just the land. You could even structure a company to do this if you feel confident that you can get over any objections the government might have. Next, you lease the land for your exclusive use for 30 years. Then you buy the house. There is no law that stops you actually owning a building in Thailand. This will at least give you much more protection than the usual way foreigners are coerced into the company structure.
Many expats decide to buy their own homes here as they feel they want to spend the rest of their lives in Thailand. Others feel that an investment property will be a good opportunity for the future. Whatever your personal reason for ownership, make sure you plan well for the future and can make an appropriate exit if and when the time occurs.
There are more and more financing options becoming available to foreigners hoping to buy property in Thailand, and over the coming weeks we will be covering these in more detail.

Conclusion

Although property ownership in Thailand can be problematic, it is not impossible. You will however need three essential requirements:

(1) An ability to think outside of the box to construct a mechanism that best suits your needs;

(2) Plenty of patience; and

(3) Enough cash not to worry about the money you just invested in the Thai property.

It is the last of these you should keep in the forefront of your mind: never invest in Thai property more than you are willing to walk away from.

Recommendation

Exceptions to the Prohibition

1. Board of Investment (BOI) incentives:

Sec. 27 of the Investment Promotion Act authorizes the Board of Investment (BOI) to grant a foreign owned company permission to own land for the purpose of conducting the promoted activity. The area of the land must be approved by the BOI, which will review the land and proposed construction plans to determine that the land's size is suitable for the promoted activity. The use of the land must be limited to the promoted activity, and if the promoted business is later dissolved the land must be sold within one year of the termination of that business. The BOI exception to the prohibition against foreigners owning land is primarily limited to the ownership of land and factory for a promoted manufacturing activity.

In addition to permitting foreign ownership of land for the purpose of conducting a promoted business, BOI privileges can authorize a foreign owned company to conduct business activities which would otherwise be prohibited under the Alien Business Law. Thus, the indirect impact of the Alien Business Law on foreign land ownership can be reduced under BOI privileges.

2. Condominium Act (No. 2) of 1990 (as amended April 27, 1999)

Sec. 19 of the amended Condominium Act authorizes qualified foreigners to own individual condominium units provided that the total area of foreign-owned units within the condominium project does not exceed 49 percent of the total area of all units within the project. In Bangkok and other municipalities to be designated in ministerial regulations, the 49% limitation does not apply. The following foreigners qualify for condominium unit ownership:

a. Individuals having permanent residence status in Thailand.

b. Individuals who have been permitted to enter Thailand under BOI privileges.

c. Juristic entities registered in Thailand but being classified as "foreign" under the Land Act.

d. Juristic entities, which have been granted investment privileges by the BOI.

e. Individuals or juristic entities, which have brought foreign currency into Thailand for the purpose of purchasing the condominium unit.

Strategies

Despite the broad scope of the prohibition on foreign ownership of land and condominiums in Thailand, and the narrow scope of the exceptions, a variety of tactics can be used to minimize the impact of the prohibitions. These include, for example:

a. Forming joint venture companies with majority Thai ownership but adequate safeguards for the foreign minority interest.

b. Long term leases with rights to renewal.

Reference:

R.Dubout.Rene-Philippe.2009. How to Safely Buy Real Estate In Thailand. TheEbookSale Publishing.Limerick Ireland

Fernquest. Jon September 08,2010. Is it safe for foreigners to own land in Thailand. Bangkok Post.

www.thaivisa.com/own_land_thailand.0.html

www.encyclopedia/ foreigners to own land in Thailand

EXERCISE 6

2010-10-04T03:50:00.000-07:00

1. What is internet ?

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.
Most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are having to adapt to Web sites and blogging. The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.
The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s with both private and United States military research into robust, fault-tolerant, and distributed computer networks. The funding of a new U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation, as well as private funding for other commercial backbones, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks. The commercialization of what was by then an international network in the mid 1990s resulted in its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population used the services of the Internet.
The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own standards. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System, are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols (IPv4 and IPv6) is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.

Source

2. What is internet protocol? (IP Adress)

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol used for relaying datagrams (packets) across an internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite. Responsible for routing packets across network boundaries, it is the primary protocol that establishes the Internet.
IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering datagrams from the source host to the destination host solely based on their addresses. For this purpose, IP defines addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation.
Historically, IP was the connectionless datagram service in the original Transmission Control Program introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1974, the other being the connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The Internet Protocol Suite is therefore often referred to as TCP/IP.
The first major version of IP, now referred to as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is the dominant protocol of the Internet, although the successor, Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is in active, growing deployment worldwide.

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3.What is the OSI model?

7) Application Layer : The application layer provider different services to the application. Example of services provided by this layer are file transfer, electronic messaging e-mail, virtual terminal access and network management.
6) Presentation Layer : The Presentation layer is responsible for protocol conversion, date encryption/decryption, Expanding graphics command and the date compression. This layer makes the communications between two host possible.
5) Session Layer : This layer is responsible for establishing the process-to-process communication between the host in the network. This layer is responsible for establishing and ending the sessions across the network. The interactive login is an example of services provided by this layer in which the connective are re-connected in care of any interruption.
4) Transport Layer : This layer is responsible for end-to-end delivers of messages between the networked hosts. It first divides the streams of data into chunks or packets before transmission and then the receiving computer re-assembles the packets. It also guarantee error free data delivery without loss or duplications.
3) Network Layer : This layer is responsible for translating the logical network address and names into their physical address ( MAC address). This layer is also responsible for addressing, determining routes for sending and managing network problems such as packet switching, data congestion and routines.
2) Data Link Layer : Data link layer is responsible for controlling the error between adjacent nodes and transfer the frames to other computer via physical layer. Data link layer is used by hubs and switches for their operation.
1) Physical Layer : Physical Layer is responsible for transmitting row bit stream over the physical cable. The physical layer defines the hardware items such as cables, cards, voltages etc.

Source

4. What is internet infrastructure?

With the growth of the Internet for personal use (e.g. Facebook, Amazon, Google, Gmail) and business purposes (i.e.file storage, web applications, collaboration and communication, VOIP) I thought it would be useful to talk about what actually powers all these things. I have a secondary reason for this too – when a non-technical person asks me what I do for a living, I have yet to come up with a short simple answer that actually explains it!
First of all, let me define what I mean by ‘Internet Infrastructure’. All the hardware and services required to make this web page appear in your browser, or an RSS feed download into your reader, or VOIP calls / emails get to your desktop. All the underlying technologies that are unseen, but ‘make the Internet go’.
I see Internet Infrastructure consisting of a ‘Top 5′ areas :

Data Centres
Network Connectivity
Computer Equipment
Storage Services
Server Applications

Data Centre
A Data Centre is basically a specialist building that has the ability to power (and cool) massive amounts of computer equipment. Typically a Data Centre would also have a very large amount of network bandwidth to accommodate data transfer in and out of it. Data Centres are built as highly redundant and resilient facilities – at the base level – you would expect a Data Centre to have at least N+1 power (this likely comes as a local feed from the national electrical grid as ‘N’, and a backup generator for the ‘+1′).
The Data Centre is the home for Internet Infrastructure. It is the central point of aggregation and distribution of data and network services. These facilities tend to include:
- 24 x 7 Staffed Operations Centre (typically called a NOC, the staff monitor all activities of the Data Centre and ensure smooth operation as well as deal with equipment issues)
- Building Management System (the BMS normally monitors and alerts on temperature zones, power and cooling usage, outside temp., access control and CCTV)
- Secure Access Controls (i.e biometrics on all entry and DC floor doors)
- Fire Alarm and Suppression (ie. VESDA for detection and Inergen gas for suppression)
The unit of measurement for a Data Centre is space and power. How much space will the equipment require and how much power will it draw (which is effectively double that, as cooling a server takes about as much power as just having the device operating).
Network
Possibly to most important foundation block of Internet Infrastructure is the Network. Without a network connection no data can pass between Data Centres, over the Internet, and ultimately onto your Desktop, Laptop or Mobile Handset. For the purpose of this post, let’s talk about the network infrastructure in a Data Centre, where data passed in to computer equipment, is processed and/or stored, and passed back out of the DC.
So you would expect at least N+1 network connectivity into a Data Centre in the form of at least 2 Fibre Cables from telecommunications providers on diverse rings. Therefore if one had service cut, the Data Centre’s network connection would not be affected. Some data centres (Hosting365’s is one) are Carrier Neutral – which means a number of carriers have a Point-Of-Presence in the facility, so the Data Centre is not affected by any commercial or technical issues of a single carrier.
Next you would expect redundant switch gear in the Data Centre in separate racks so again if the switch gear failed, the other set of it would simply take over and no service interruption would be experienced.
The unit of measurement for network connectivity is megabits per second and available megabits on the carrier connection. There may be 1 Gigabit available but the DC may only be using, and paying for, 100 megabits. The ability to meet peak demand is important though, so Data Centres will have a lot more connectivity available than is required for daily operations.
Computer Equipment
Now that the two basics of Internet Infrastructure are in place – the ability to power your equipment, and the ability to connect it to the Internet, the next thing is the computer hardware that uses this to process and store the applications and data.
By computer equipment, for this basic post, I really mean Servers. A Server is a more complex and high-end version of a desktop PC. An average server might consist of 2 power supplies (for redundancy), 8-12 RAM slots, anything from 2-10 hard drive bays and multiple processors (not just multi-core!).
Servers are housed in Racks in a DC which are typically 42u in height. (1U is 1-unit and a low-end server takes up just 1 of these units, other servers scale within these racks to multiple ‘U’). Racks are normally powered by 2 PDU (Power Distribution Units) which connect to (if available) multiple power supply units in the server.
A low-end installation may be only a single server, which is the simplest form of Internet Infrastructure. The server would be connected to the DC Power, the Network, an OS and other required applications installed on it. Then it is ready to ‘power and push’ data on the Internet. More complex deployments would include pools of servers, with different applications on each one, or clusters of pools for multiple clusters with dedicated application requirements.
The unit of measure for Servers is Processor Power and RAM. Although there is a lot more to selecting a server such as expandability, reliability, network ports, BUS speed, Cache size and speed. Personally I would like the unit of measure in Servers to change, I think for buyers and users it should be rated in ‘MIPS’ – which is ‘Millions of Instructions Per Second’ which is effectively all that matters, and how today’s Mainframe computers (IBM BlueGene is a high end Mainframe) are measured.
Storage Services
Data Storage is a huge part of Internet Infrastructure. All those emails accessible online, all the web pages on your favourite web site, all those photos on Facebook … are all stored on a hard drive in a DC somewhere. The basic level of storage is on-server storage, which means the hard drives in the computer server. This can cause not just performance and capacity issues, but also redundancy ones – local storage is inherently as prone to failure as the server it is in.
It is common to use specific storage devices – such as Direct Attached Storage (a dedicated and dumb storage appliance connected direct to your server), Network Attached Storage (a storage device that can be accessed by multiple machines over a network connection, and independent of the server itself) and Storage Area Networks, which are high-end, resilient and redundant set-ups that give high performance levels and are very scalable. A Storage Area Network may be shared among many services, applications, servers and customers.
The unit of measure in storage is gigabytes (getting to be more commonly terabytes now) and IO’s per second (input-output read/writes the device can perform per second).
Server Applications
The final piece of underlying Internet Infrastructure is the server applications themselves. In order for an web application to be delivered from a server, that server requires an Operation System (typically Windows or Linux), a Web Server application (like Apache or Microsoft IIS), and a Database (such as MySQL, MS-SQL or Oracle). There any many more variations here, but the basic web server has these 3 things. From here you can install blog software, an ecommerce site, your new web 2.0 application, or any Internet capable piece of software (more include – Instant Messaging Server, File Storage Server, Message Board)
More complex applications tend to have dedicated servers, or pools or servers, for specific things – like a cluster of Database Servers, or a pool of Web Server to serve those ‘www.’ page requests. These may also have more complex network setup such as dedicated routers, load balancing and firewall devices (for traffic management and security respectively).

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5. What is Domain name?

A domain name is an identification label that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control on the Internet, based on the Domain Name System (DNS).
Domain names are used in various networking contexts and application-specific naming and addressing purposes. They are organized in subordinate levels (subdomains) of the DNS root domain, which is nameless. The first-level set of domain names are the top-level domains (TLDs), including the generic top-level domains (gTLDs), such as the prominent domains com, net and org, and the country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). Below these top-level domains in the DNS hierarchy are the second-level and third-level domain names that are typically open for reservation by end-users that wish to connect local area networks to the Internet, run web sites, or create other publicly accessible Internet resources. The registration of these domain names is usually administered by domain name registrars who sell their services to the public.

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6. What is world wide web? and its services?

The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW and commonly known as the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them by using hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, English engineer and computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web^. At CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use "HyperText [...] to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will", and publicly introduced the project in December.

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7. how many current internet users in Thailand?

As of 2008, there were 16,100,000 Internet users in Thailand.

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EXERCISE 5

2010-09-20T03:07:00.000-07:00

Can you identify the library website, OPAC, library database? (define)

Answer:

Library website consist of two words,

Library means : A place where we can find a collection of such materials, especially when systematically arranged. in which literary and artistic materials, such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, prints, records, and tapes, are kept for reading, reference, or lending.

A website (also spelled Web site; officially styled website by the AP Stylebook) is a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource Locator (URL), often consisting of only the domain name, or the IP address, and the root path ('/') in an Internet Protocol-based network.

so Library website means : The website that you can find information or materials that you need.

OPAC : An Online Public Access Catalog (often abbreviated as OPAC or simply Library Catalog) is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Users typically search a library catalog to locate books, periodicals, audio/visual materials or other items under control of a library.

Library Database : An online database that provides the citations and locations of all materials in the library. The catalog may be searched by Keyword, Subject, Title, Author, Call Number, or Periodical Title.

List 5 PDF Files of articles you search from Google!

answer:
- The High Cost of Cheap Labor: www.cis.org/articles/2004/fiscal.pdf
- The Dependency Inversion Principle : www.objectmentor.com/resources/articles/dip.pdf
- ARTICLES : varanidae.org/Vol4_No1_Weijola.pdf
- A Competence Center Articles : www.pdfa.org/doku.php?id=pdfa:en:articles

- Writing the Empirical Journal Article : dbem.ws/WritingArticle.pd

What is " an Abstract " ?

Answer:
An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject or discipline, and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given scientific paper or patent application. Abstraction and indexing services are available for a number of academic disciplines, aimed at compiling a body of literature for that particular subject.

What is " a full-text article " ?

Answer:

In computerized databases, the complete article rather than just a citation or abstract. In any sources databases, move from the record screen to the full text of an article by entering the command DIT. A full-text article in any sources databases can be printed, sent to your email address, or saved to disk.

what is your search technique(s) When you are doing your homework or assignment?

Answer:

Before you search, make a plan!

Putting together a search is a three-step process.

Identify your concepts

When planning your search, break down your topic into its separate concepts. Let's say you're interested in the effects of global warming on crops. In this case, you have two concepts: GLOBAL WARMING and CROPS.

Make a list of search terms for each concept

Once you have identified your concepts, list the terms which describe each concept. Some concepts may have only one term, while others may have many.

global warming
greenhouse effect
greenhouse gases
climate change

These lists are a suggestion. Depending on the focus of your search, there may be other terms more suited to what you're looking for.

Specify the logical relationships among your search terms

Once you know the words you want to search, you need to establish the logical relationships among them using Boolean logic: AND, OR, NOT.

To keep things simple, you don't need to use all the words you've compiled in a single search. The words are there to help you experiment with different searches until you find what you want.

EXERCISE 4

2010-09-13T03:16:00.000-07:00

Reference Source

1.Where can you find information about Nobel Prize? Who get the Nobel Prize this last year?

there are a few of websites where you can find the information about Nobel prize, such us:

http://nobelprize.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize

http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Nobel_Prize.aspx

And the person who get the Noble prize last year is Barack H.Obama.

The Nobel Peace Prize 2009 was awarded to him "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples".

2. Go to Encylopedia Online at http://library.spu.ac.th search for the history of automobiles or computer. Summarize the information you get.

The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile. However, we can point to the many firsts that occurred along the way. Starting with the first theoretical plans for a motor vehicle that had been drawn up by both Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton.

In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was a military tractor invented by French engineer and mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (1725 - 1804). Cugnot used a steam engine to power his vehicle, built under his instructions at the Paris Arsenal by mechanic Brezin. It was used by the French Army to haul artillery at a whopping speed of 2 1/2 mph on only three wheels. The vehicle had to stop every ten to fifteen minutes to build up steam power. The steam engine and boiler were separate from the rest of the vehicle and placed in the front (see engraving above). The following year (1770), Cugnot built a steam-powered tricycle that carried four passengers.

Source

3.What is the difference between general book and reference book?

General Book is a collection of printed material that have a different purpose for education or another things. you can find general book anywhere, in library, or in any bookstore.

but reference or a reference point, is the intensional use of one thing, a point of reference or reference state, to indicate something else. When reference is intended, what the reference points to is called the referent.

References are indicated by sounds (like onomatopoeia), pictures (like roadsigns), text (like bibliographies), indexes (by number) and objects (a wedding ring); but endless concrete and abstract methods can be used intentionally. This includes methods that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography.

Source

4.When do you need to search information from the reference collection?

whenever you need any information about something, or anything.

the reference collection provide you anything what do yopu want.

5.What type of reference collection that you like to use most? And why?

I like encyclopedia, because i can search many things that i want to know. i can finish my homework or finding new information that i want to.

Exercise 3

2010-09-06T03:01:00.000-07:00

Why the library is important for the learning process?

1. Why the library is important for the learning process ?

Access to information and knowledge are fundamental for education and development as well as being an essential requirement for improving the quality of life for people living in regions where the population has not yet reached a high level of economic and social development. Libraries play an important role in the educational and research process. A digital library can provide access to many of the knowledge networks around the world, which is a necessary component of any research experience.

In this article, a brief introduction to the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) is followed by an explanation of the setup of the joint educational MSc. programme that has been developed by these two institutes.

The digital library support in this joint programme will be described and the positive and negative experiences of the programme are summarized.

The article also provides general comments on the importance of building digital partnerships between libraries in joint educational programmes between developed and less technologically advanced countries.

Source

2. Search 5 books, 5 journals and 5 online database from http://library.spu.ac.th/e-library/index.htm (identify tittle and call number).

List of 5 Books:

1. Hands on VB 5 for web development Call No : QA 76.73.B3 P32H 1997
2. Teach yourself...visual basic 5 , Call No : QA 76.73.B3 S62T 1997

Exploring 3D animation with 3ds max 7 , Call no : TR 897.7 T44E 2006

4. Java programming : from problem analysis to program design , Call No: QA 76.76.J38 M34J 2006
5. C++ programming : from problem analysis to program design, Call no : QA 76.73.C153 M34C 2007

EXERCISE 2

2010-08-30T03:37:00.000-07:00

What exactly is SQRW?

Well, it’s a study method where you get the best out of textbook study. It’s a 4-step strategy and each letter denotes one step so let’s go through it and see how it could make your study life a little bit easier!

SQRW is a strategy for talking notes and reading. SQRW stands for:

Survey

Survey is when you just look through a sheet of paper or a book quickly and find the main ideas of what it is all about. Read the title, summary, conclusion to get a better under standing of what it is about.

Question

Always keep a question in mind it will help you to understand more about the thing that you are reading from for example if the title of a story is "Ways to hurt someone badly" use the words who, what, when, where, what to understand more.

Read

Read the information on each heading to answer every questioned you asked yourself. While you are doing this activity you may need to change a question for it to be answered.

Write

Write the answers and the questions into a notebook reread it to make sure that it is contains all the important things.

Source

Poor and Good information

2010-08-23T03:48:00.000-07:00

There is a tremendous amount of useful, factual information available online. Unfortunately, it's also very easy to find incorrect or misleading information when searching online.
It can be quite difficult to determine whether the information you find on the internet is good or bad. Lots of incoherent information is posted every day by people simply looking to jump ahead in the search engine rankings.
Have you ever read through an entire article or website, only to realize that you have more questions than you did when you started? You've probably stumbled upon some poor information in your time using the internet. There are different kinds of incorrect information available online; read on to find a description of these different types.
Intentionally Misleading Information - If you've browsed Wikipedia for a fair amount of time you've probably came across a page that was locked. This happens often when celebrities are are involved in scandals or when they pass away. Some of the comments you may encounter are totally inaccurate, while others might be controversial and subject to argument on both sides of the issue.
Wikipedia's administrators lock pages when there are too many edits coming in that present false information. This is especially common for the pages of celebrities with poor reputations, which often have derogatory information posted on them. Visit the page of a controversial celebrity and look at the edit history; you'll almost definitely see some of these edits. This is one of the negatives that come with user contributed sites, and these things must be screened carefully when the open source frameworks permit such easy access by the general public.
Unintentionally False Information - Everywhere you look online, you'll find someone claiming to be an expert and sharing his or her secrets. While they may not be trying to intentionally mislead you, they're often not 100% correct.
Always question the claims of any self-proclaimed experts online. You can double-check the facts behind their statements to be sure that what they're saying is truthful. Most of these people are simply trying to make money, and even though they may not have any malicious intent, the end result still has you believing false information.
Despite all of this, don't be scared to find information online. There's still a huge amount of useful information that can be found on the internet; you just have to do a little extra research sometimes and try to stick to reputable sources. Stick with these sources and more likely than not, you won't be mislead.

Source

what is a mind map ?

2010-08-23T03:42:00.000-07:00

A mind map is a graphical way to represent ideas and concepts. It is a visual thinking tool that helps structuring information, helping you to better analyze, comprehend, synthesize, recall and generate new ideas.
Just as in every great idea, its power lies in its simplicity.
In a mind map, as opposed to traditional note taking or a linear text, information is structured in a way that resembles much more closely how your brain actually works. Since it is an activity that is both analytical and artistic, it engages your brain in a much, much richer way, helping in all its cognitive functions. And, best of all, it is fun!
So, how does a mind map look like? Better than explaining is showing you an example.

This is a mind map about – conveniently enough – mind mapping itself. It presents, in a visual way, the core elements and techniques on how to draw mind maps. Yes, I know this may look a little too messy initially, but bear with me: once you break the ingrained habit of linear note taking, you won’t look back.

Benefits and Uses

I think I already gave away the benefits of mind mapping and why mind maps work. Basically, mind mapping avoids dull, linear thinking, jogging your creativity and making note taking fun again.
But what can we use mind maps for?

Note taking
Brainstorming (individually or in groups)
Problem solving
Studying and memorization
Planning
Researching and consolidating information from multiple sources
Presenting information
Gaining insight on complex subjects
Jogging your creativity

It is hard to make justice to the number of uses mind maps can have – the truth is that they can help clarify your thinking in pretty much anything, in many different contexts: personal, family, educational or business. Planning you day or planning your life, summarizing a book, launching a project, planning and creating presentations, writing blog posts -well, you get the idea – anything, really.

How to Draw a Mind Map

Drawing a mind map is as simple as 1-2-3:

Start in the middle of a blank page, writing or drawing the idea you intend to develop. I would suggest that you use the page in landscape orientation.
Develop the related subtopics around this central topic, connecting each of them to the center with a line.
Repeat the same process for the subtopics, generating lower-level subtopics as you see fit, connecting each of those to the corresponding subtopic.

Some more recommendations:

Use colors, drawings and symbols copiously. Be as visual as you can, and your brain will thank you. I’ve met many people who don’t even try, with the excuse they’re "not artists". Don’t let that keep you from trying it out!.
Keep the topics labels as short as possible, keeping them to a single word – or, better yet, to only a picture. Especially in your first mind maps, the temptation to write a complete phrase is enormous, but always look for opportunities to shorten it to a single word or figure – your mind map will be much more effective that way.
Vary text size, color and alignment. Vary the thickness and length of the lines. Provide as many visual cues as you can to emphasize important points. Every little bit helps engaging your brain.

Final Thoughts

Mind mapping is an absolutely fascinating and rich topic – this post only scratches the surface. If you want more reference material now, Wikipedia is always a good starting point.
Mind mapping is a passion for me, and it is one of the strongest drivers behind this blog. I plan to explore it in much more depth – publishing mind maps, providing tips, talking about computer mind mapping, and much more. Just make sure to keep visiting (or better yet, subscribe).
In the meantime, please give mind mapping a chance – try it out. Follow there handy tips and see the results for yourself. Don’t worry too much about doing it the "right" way – just make it fun.

This is the example of a mind map

Source

EXERCISE 1

2010-08-23T03:27:00.000-07:00

what is information?

In the 1960s and 1970s, the term information technology (IT) was a little known phrase that was used by those who worked in places like banks and hospitals to describe the processes they used to store information. With the paradigm shift to computing technology and "paperless" workplaces, information technology has come to be a household phrase. It defines an industry that uses computers, networking, software programming, and other equipment and processes to store, process, retrieve, transmit, and protect information

source

MY teslian friends ( AINI )

2009-11-22T22:08:00.000-08:00

semalam,,, tgl 22 november,,,

bermula dari chat semalaman,,, aini, itulah nama dia, seorang anak keturunan jawa, sudah menjadi warga malaysia,,, hehe.. anak yg baik, solehah, dan merupakan rekan yg bisa diajak kerja sama.
punya pengetahuan yg luas,,, mantap,,, kawand !!!

sayang, di usianya yg masih muda, dia harus nanggung beban penderitaan dan rasa sakit di kakinya,,, sudah 6 tahun dia memikul beban itu,,, sbenarnya dia udah balik ke kampung halamannya di johor bahru, perbatasan malaysia dan singapore. tapi karena
kakinya harus di di check dlu orang seorang dokter ahli di HUKM ( Hospital UKM)...
ada kemungkinan operasi ato nggak,,, ??? so dia balik lagi ke UKM,,, jarak nya yg jauh tidak membuat anak ini manja, aku rasa dia anak yg pemberani,,,
hehe... sok tau

simpati, prihatin akan keadaan dia, sebagai teman kelas nya, nggak tega, biarin dia sendirian di kolejnya.

waktu kmaren nemenin dia ke midvalley,,, yaahh rencana nya sih bawa dia jalan pergi nonton, kasihan dia, tinggal sendiri di kolej, teman nya pelajar dari jepang lagi ke UM,, ngunjungi teman nya yg juga dari jepang,,
bayangin aja boring nya kayak gimana,,,???
mana smua anak UKM lagi liburan,,, libur semester...
so, suasana kampus ibarat suasana salju di kutub,,, haha... hiperbolis
hening,,, cuma sdikit aja kendaraan yg terlihat kluar masuk UKM...

dulu aku nak nangis bila tahan sakitnya, tp skarang dah biasa dah, sebab dah 6 tahun
"sela aini di sebuah perckapan kami di stesen midvalley itu".

dari situ aku bisa tau klo dia tuh lagi perlu teman yg bisa bantu dia,
sembuh dari derita kaki nya yg pernah cedera karena kecelakaan motor.

naitnya mo nonton,,,
tp tetep ja,,, nggak nonton,,
huhu...
habis antrean panjang banget...

tp gpp lah. yg jelas dah bisa nemenin sobatku yg satu ni,,,
cukup lah, ngeliat binatang2 lucu di pets wonderland, nyari ikat rambut kesukaan nya,,,
ke paper house,,, disini aku terkagum2,,, dia banyak tahu,
klo kertas2 hiasan itu bisa menghasil banyak karya,
aku memang dah nebak klo wawasan dia tuh luas,
thankz aini,,,

sbenarnya crita ini panjang,,,
tp nanti lah aku update aku lagi,,,
hohoho

Ulama Pelopor Islam di Tanah Melayu

2009-11-10T20:29:00.000-08:00

“SIAPA pelopor?” Perlu ditanggapi dan dicari jawapan yang betul dan tepat. Pertanyaan tersebut adalah sukar dijawab, namun penulis cuba menghuraikan berdasarkan bahan-bahan tertulis dan pengalaman yang pernah ditempuhi. Sukar penulis katakan, kerana pertanyaan itu masih terlalu umum.

Pelopor dunia Melayu Islam di daerah mana yang dimaksudkan, kerana dunia Melayu Islam adalah sangat luas membentang mulai dari Cam di benua besar Asia, Patani dan Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Singapura yang telah bernegara sendiri, hingga ke Kepulauan Filipina, Brunei Darussalam, Sabah serta Sarawak, Indonesia dan Timur Leste yang baru merdeka.

Juga pertanyaan masih belum jelas, pelopor Melayu Islam zaman bila yang dimaksudkan.

Pelopor Melayu Islam pada setiap zaman sekurang-kurangnya dapat dibahagi kepada dua golongan. Ada pelopor Melayu Islam yang terdiri dari golongan ulama, ada pula pelopor Melayu Islam memperjuangkan nasional untuk kemerdekaan.

Sebagai contoh dalam pertarungan politik di Indonesia, antara M. Natsir dengan Soekarno akhirnya kemenangan berpihak kepada Soekarno. Dalam pertarungan politik di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu pula, Ibrahim Ya’qub dan kawan-kawan, membentuk Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM) ternyata kemenangan berpihak kepada Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra.

Semua pelopor politik yang tersebut adalah Melayu Islam (sekurang-kurangnya serumpun Melayu).

Selain sebahagian ulama sebagai pemula atau pencetus dalam pelbagai peradaban atau ketamadunan Melayu Islam yang meliputi keseluruhan aspek kepentingan dunia Melayu, kader-kader mereka pula muncul sebagai generasi penerus.

Di antara mereka ada yang muncul sebagai pahlawan Islam dan tanah air.

Sebagai contoh, Tok Janggut di Kelantan pernah belajar kepada beberapa orang ulama di Mekah, termasuk kepada Sheikh Ahmad al-Fathani muncul sebagai penentang pemerintahan Inggeris. Beliau mati di tali gantung.

Mat Kilau di Pahang adalah seorang pahlawan, beliau adalah murid dan kader Mufti Haji Utsman, Mufti Kerajaan Pahang yang pertama. Haji Utsman pula adalah murid Sheikh Muhammad bin Ismail al-Fathani (penyusun kitab Mathla’ul Badrain yang terkenal).

Sama ada Tok Janggut mahupun Mat Kilau dalam zaman penjajahan Inggeris dianggap penjahat atau penjenayah, penderhaka terhadap pemerintah. Demikian bijak tipu helah pemerintahan penjajah Inggeris menyelewengkan fakta yang sebenarnya.

Walaupun sekarang kita telah merdeka, sejarah Tok Janggut, Mat Kilau bahkan ramai lagi, masih tetap terselubung bagi generasi kini. Jika generasi kini tidak berusaha memperkenalkan para patriotik kita, maka nama mereka akan lenyap ditelan zaman.

Pelopor

Pelopor yang sebenar ditinjau dari segi agama Islam ialah para Nabi dan Rasul, yang kemudian diikuti oleh para ulama sebagai pewaris para Nabi dan Rasul. Ulama yang menjadi pelopor sangat ramai, yang tidak mungkin disebut satu persatunya di dalam ruangan yang terbatas ini.

Sekian ramai ulama sejak zaman awal hingga tersebarnya Islam di dunia Melayu cukup dikenal dan menjadi ikutan para ulama dunia Melayu seumpama Imam Syafie (Imam Mazhab dari segi fiqh), Imam Abul Hasan al-Asy’ari (Imam akidah Ahlis Sunnah wal Jamaah), Sheikh Juneid al-Baghdadi (Imam dari segi tasauf), dan lain-lain termasuk ahlul mujtahid Mazhab yang datang sesudah mereka.

Di antara mereka yang kitab-kitabnya menjadi pegangan yang kukuh di dunia Melayu ialah Imam al-Ghazali, seorang tokoh pelopor Islam membahas keilmuwan pelbagai aspek terutama fiqh Syafiiyah, akidah Asya’irah dan sufiah. ‘Ulama’ ahlil hadis seumpama Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim dan ramai lagi adalah tidak asing bagi ulama dunia Melayu.

Para ulama dunia Melayu yang pasti, yang dianggap sebagai pelopor, adalah sangat ramai. Yang dapat penulis sebutkan di sini berdasar bukti nyata diutamakan adalah ulama-ulama yang menghasilkan karya penulisan saja, selebihnya belum dapat dibicarakan.

Dalam zaman kebesaran kerajaan Islam Aceh, telah muncul Sheikh Hamzah al-Fansuri tokoh sufi dengan gubahan-gubahan syairnya yang sangat indah. Walaupun sementara ada insan yang mengecam, yang menganggap zindiq dan sesat terhadapnya, namun tiada siapa dapat menafikan bahawa Hamzah al-Fansuri adalah orang pertama pencipta syair dalam bahasa Melayu.

Gaya syair Hamzah al-Fansuri berkembang terus dari satu generasi ke satu generasi hingga sampai ke zaman kita, masih tetap segar dalam kajian sastera Melayu, baik dalam dunia Melayu sendiri mahupun peringkat antarabangsa.

Kepeloporan Hamzah al-Fansuri dalam dunia sufi Melayu juga tidak pernah pudar, walaupun ada segolongan orang yang berusaha membendung kesinambungan karya-karyanya. Hamzah al-Fansuri dalam ilmu kesufiyahannya bukanlah muncul dengan tiba-tiba, dicetuskan bersendirian, tetapi ada asal usulnya.

Tokoh sufi

Dunia Islam pernah kenal dengan tokoh-tokoh besar sufi seumpamanya, seperti Abu Yazid al-Bisthami, Abu Manshur al-Hallaj, Ibnu ‘Arabi, dan ramai lagi. Rangkaian zaman Hamzah al-Fansuri diikuti oleh Sheikh Syamsuddin as-Sumatra-i, Sheikh Nuruddin ar-Raniri dan Sheikh Abdur Rauf bin Ali al-Fansuri. Sheikh Nuruddin ar-Raniri adalah orang pertama menulis tentang fiqh Bab ‘Ibadah dalam bahasa Melayu yang diberi judul Ash-Shirat al-Mustaqim.

Serentak dengan itu Sheikh Nuruddin ar-Raniri pula orang pertama menulis kitab hadis dalam bahasa Melayu yang diberi judul Hadiyatul Habib. Sheikh Abdur Rauf bin Ali al-Fansuri adalah ‘ulama’ ahlis syariah wah haiqiqah yang paling berkesan dalam rangkaian zaman itu, selain mempunyai murid yang ramai sebagai penyebar Islam dari pelbagai wilayah dunia Melayu.

Beliau adalah pelopor murabbir ruhi sehingga tersebarnya ajaran tasauf menurut metod tarekat terutama Tarekat Syathariyah. Sheikh Abdur Rauf bin Ali al-Fansuri pula adalah pelopor terjemah dan tafsir al-Quran lengkap 30 juzuk yang pertama dalam bahasa Melayu yang diberi judul Turjuman al-Mustafid.

Serentak dengan itu beliau pula orang pertama pelopor penulisan fiqh tentang undang-undang kehakiman Islam dalam bahasa Melayu yang diberi judul Mir’atut Thullab. Beliau juga orang pertama sebagai penterjemah Hadis Arba’in Imam Nawawi yang sebahagian besar pentafsirannya menurut kaca mata sufi.

Dalam penulisan sejarah peradaban dan raja-raja dunia Melayu, para pengkaji selalu menyebut tiga gandingan nama dan tiga karya penting, iaitu Sheikh Nuruddin ar-Raniri penulis Bustanus Salathin, Tun Seri Lanang penulis Sulalatus Salathin atau Sejarah Melayu dan Bukhari al-Jauhari atau al-Johori penulis Tajus Salathin.

Rasanya masih ada yang perlu dikaji atau diselidiki dengan teliti kerana beberapa versi manuskrip Tajus Salathin yang telah ditemukan tidak pernah menyebut nama Bukhari al-Jauhari atau al-Johori.

Nama Bukhari al-Jauhari atau al-Johori bukan sahaja tidak diperkatakan banyak tempat, sekali pun tidak dijumpai dalam sesuatu manuskrip Tajus Salathin termasuk manuskrip yang diterbitkan ini. Pendapat ini bukan bererti memandang sinis, atau kecaman terhadap pengkaji yang terdahulu, jauh dari maksud demikian itu.

Penulis tetap menghargai jasa dan jerih payah mereka yang telah berhasil memperkenalkan khazanah dunia Melayu yang penting, namun kita perlu sedar dan insaf bahawa setiap kajian adalah tidak terhenti pada yang ada saja, setiap ketika ia akan berkembang dengan sendirinya dan memang perlu suatu kebangkitan memperkembangkannya.

Adalah suatu kejumudan atau kebekuan jika kita bertahan dan menerima apa saja yang diperkatakan oleh golongan barisan sarjana-sarjana barat (orientalis). Mengenai ini diakui oleh Syed Nasir bin Ismail (ketika beliau menjadi Pengarah Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka pada Kata Pengantar Taj Us-Salatin, 1965, dan Edisi Kedua, 1992, hlm. vii).

Beliau menulis, “Walau bagaimanapun pendapat-pendapat yang dikemukakan oleh para sarjana terkadang-kadang sangat jauh menyimpang dari kebenaran, maka kita tidak dapat menafikan bahawa Tajus Salatin banyak memperlihatkan keperibadian Melayu sendiri”.

TIGA ULAMA PALING POPULAR

Dimaksudkan dengan perkataan tiga serangkai di atas ialah tiga orang ulama yang paling dikenali di dunia Melayu, iaitu Sheikh Abdus Shamad al-Falimbani, Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad bin Abdullah al-Banjari dan Sheikh Daud bin Abdullah al-Fathani.

Ketiga-tiga ulama ini adalah pelopor dunia Melayu dalam bidang keilmuan Islam dan mereka pula telah berhasil membentuk sekian ramai insan Melayu berilmu dan bertakwa kepada Allah SWT. Mengenai tiga orang ulama besar dunia Melayu ini tidak perlu dibicarakan lagi kerana telah penulis sebutkan setiap satunya dalam ruangan ini, termasuk disusun dalam buku.

GENERASI PENERUS

Jumlah ulama generasi penerus sangat ramai di antara mereka sebagai contoh seumpama Sheikh Ismail bin Abdullah Minangkabau, tokoh besar sebagai pelopor Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah al-Khalidiyah. Sheikh Ahmad Khathib bin Abdul Ghaffar Sambas, tokoh besar sebagai pelopor Tarekat Qadiriyah-Naqsyabandiyah. Raja Ali Haji Riau, tokoh besar sebagai pelopor bahasa dan sastera Melayu, serta sejarah. Ketiga-tiga mereka adalah murid Sheikh Daud bin Abdullah al-Fathani.

Sheikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Zain al-Fathani, adalah tokoh besar pelopor dunia Melayu dalam pelbagai bidang. Ulama ini sangat besar pengaruhnya bukan hanya di dunia Melayu saja, tetapi termasuk di kerajaan Turki ‘Utsmaniyah, Mekah dan Mesir.

Mengenai beliau juga telah dibicarakan dalam siri-siri sebelumnya, di sini penulis sentuh sedikit saja sebagai pelengkap dan menunjukkan kesan yang berkesinambungan.

Sheikh Ahmad al-Fathani adalah pencetus pengkaderan ulama Melayu di Mekah, sangat ramai muridnya. Di antara kadernya yang terkenal termasuklah Kiai Haji Hasyim Asy’ari (yang mengasaskan parti Nahdatul Ulama) dan Mufti Haji Abdullah Fahim. Kedua-dua ulama besar dunia Melayu ini penulis singgung adalah memperhatikan perjalanan sejarah terkini, bahawa cucu Kiai Haji Hasyim Asy’ari bernama Haji Abdur Rahman Wahid (Gus Dur) dalam era reformasi Indonesia sempat menjadi presiden negara itu, tetapi tidak bertahan lama.

Cucu Mufti Haji Abdullah Fahim pula bernama Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi adalah bekas Perdana Menteri Malaysia kelima, yang dilantik pada hari Jumaat, 31 Oktober 2003 M bersamaan 5 Ramadan 1424 H.

Ulama Johor yang murid dan kader Sheikh Ahmad al-Fathani dan ulama Mekah lainnya ialah Kadi Haji Abu Bakar bin Haji Hasan Muar.

Murid beliau ramai, yang dapat ditonjolkan di sini ialah saudara sepupunya Tan Sri Noah, iaitulah ayah mertua Tun Abdul Razak bin Husein, bekas Perdana Menteri Malaysia yang kedua. Murid Kadi Haji Abu Bakar bin Haji Hasan Muar pula ialah Haji Yassin, iaitulah ayah kepada Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin.

Demikian halnya dengan Negeri Sembilan, murid dan kader Sheikh Ahmad al-Fathani dan ulama Mekah lainnya ialah Sheikh Muhammad Said bin Sheikh Jamaluddin Linggi. Sheikh Muhammad Said Linggi adalah pelopor terbesar Tarekat Ahmadiyah di dunia Melayu.

Ramai keturunan dan warisnya yang menjadi ulama, di antaranya Mufti Haji Ahmad. Mufti Haji Ahmad inilah yang membaca doa pelantikan Yang di-Pertuan Agong Malaya yang pertama. Mufti Negeri Sembilan yang sekarang (1430 H/2009 M), Asy-Sheikh Datuk Mohd. Murtadza adalah anak Mufti Haji Ahmad bin Sheikh Muhammad Sa’id Linggi yang tersebut.

Rasanya tulisan ini adalah tidak lengkap jika tidak menyebut murid dan kader Sheikh Ahmad al-Fathani yang paling terkenal, beliau ialah Tok Kenali. Murid Tok Kenali pula tersebar seantero dunia Melayu. Di antara murid Tok Kenali ialah Syeikh Idris al-Marbawi, iaitulah penyusun Kamus Al-Marbawi, sebuah kamus Arab-Melayu yang pertama tersebar luas di seluruh dunia Melayu.

Tuan Guru Haji Nik Mat, juga murid Tok Kenali. Tuan Guru Haji Nik Mat adalah ayah Datuk Abdul Aziz Nik Mat, iaitulah Menteri Besar Kelantan sekarang.

Selain Tok Kenali sangat ramai ulama Kelantan yang menjadi pelopor, yang terpenting di antara mereka ialah Nik Mahmud, Dato’ Perdana Menteri Paduka Raja Kelantan, Haji Muhammad bin Muhammad Said, Dato’ Laksamana Kelantan.

Dalam masa yang sama dengan era kebangkitan Sheikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Zain al-Fathani di Mekah, sangat ramai ulama yang berasal dari dunia Melayu yang terkenal, sekali gus merupakan guru kepada ulama-ulama dunia Melayu yang muncul sesudah mereka.

Dari pelbagai wilayah dunia Melayu, muncul pula pelopor-pelopor yang terkenal. Di antaranya ialah Haji Amrullah ketika di Mekah seperguruan dengan Sheikh Ahmad al-Fathani, sama-sama belajar dengan Sheikh Muhammad bin Sulaiman Hasbullah al-Makki.

Anak beliau ialah Dr. Sheikh Abdul Karim Amrullah juga belajar di Mekah. Di antara gurunya termasuk Sheikh Ahmad al-Fathani dan Sheikh Ahmad Khathib bin Abdul Lathif Minangkabau. Dr. Sheikh Abdul Karim Amrullah adalah tokoh pelopor tajdid/reformis yang terkenal.

Anak beliau ialah Buya Prof. Dr. Hamka (singkatan nama dari Haji Abdul Malik Abdul Karim Amrullah) seorang tokoh Islam dunia Melayu yang paling popular pada zamannya.

Merujuk kembali tentang Sheikh Ahmad Khathib bin Abdul Lathif Minangkabau, beliau adalah seorang ulama besar yang berasal dari dunia Melayu atau Minangkabau yang pernah menjadi Imam dan khatib Mazhab Syafie di Masjidil Haram, Mekah, adalah pelopor penentang beberapa adat Minangkabau yang dianggapnya bertentangan dengan syarak.

Di antara adat itu ialah memperoleh harta kewarisan atau pusaka dari pihak perempuan. Muridnya juga sangat ramai, bukan yang berasal dari Minangkabau saja tetapi juga dari seluruh dunia Melayu.

Ulama besar dunia Melayu, berasal dari Sarawak, Borneo/Kalimantan, yang mengajar di Masjidil Haram Mekah pula ialah Sheikh ‘Utsman bin Abdul Wahhab Sarawak.

Murid beliau juga ramai kerana selain mengajar di Masjidil Haram juga mengajar di beberapa tempat di dunia Melayu. Di antara muridnya termasuk Dr. Sheikh Abdul Karim Amrullah.

Ini diakui oleh Buya Prof. Dr. Hamka dalam bukunya Ayahku. Seorang ulama yang berasal dari Batu Bahara, Pasir Dahari, Inderapura (Langkat) bernama Sheikh Muhammad Zain Nuruddin bin Sheikh ‘Abbas al-Khalidi, dalam karyanya berjudul Miftah ash-Shibyan fi ‘Aqaid al-Iman menyebut nama beberapa orang gurunya di Mekah, di antaranya termasuk juga Sheikh ‘Utsman bin Abdul Wahhab Sarawak.

Haji Sulong bin Abdul Qadir al-Fathani yang berasal dari Patani adalah keturunan ulama besar Patani Sheikh Zainal Abidin bin Muhammad al-Fathani.

Beliau mendapat pendidikan di Mekah dari ulama-ulama yang telah disebutkan di atas. Selanjutnya Haji Sulong bin Abdul Qadir al-Fathani adalah pelopor kebangkitan jihad fi sabilillah untuk mengembalikan Daulah Fathani Darus Salam yang tidak akan sirna dari lubuk hati umat Islam Patani yang beriman, sedar, menghayati sejarah, dan insaf sepanjang zaman.

Masih ramai pelopor Melayu-Islam baik dari golongan ulama mahupun yang bukan ulama tidak sempat disebut dalam ruangan yang terbatas ini.

Maka sampai di sini saja perbicaraan ini, mudah-mudahan kita dapat mengabadikan nama ulama dunia Melayu tersebut agar generasi penerus masih dapat mengenal sejarah perjuangan mereka dalam memperkasakan dunia Melayu-Islam.

2009-11-10T20:06:00.000-08:00

The function of computer

Each different part in a
computer
has a different task to perform, just as each part in an
automobile has a job to do. Each part works differently in order
to get it’s job done. There are many misconceptions about what
parts do what job, and here, we will set out to correct them.
Knowing what function each part has is very rewarding. If one
knows what part does one, they can easily narrow down problems in a
computer.

The Processor
"CPU"
The processor is known as the brain of the computer. In fact,
it’s not. If anything, the computer as a whole serves as a
brain. The processor is just a really fast calculator. It
adds, subtracts, multiplies and divides a multitude of numbers.
There are two parts of the Processor that do the math. The first
part is called the Integer unit. It’s job is to take care of the
"easy" numbers, like -5, 13, 1/2, etc. It’s mainly
used in business applications, like word processors, spreadsheets, and
the Windows Desktop. The other half is called the Floating Point
Unit. It’s job is to take care of the really hard numbers, like
the square root of 3, pi, "e.", and logarithms. This
part of the CPU is mainly used in 3D games, to calculate the position
of pixels, and images. For years, Intel’s processor have had the
best Floating Point around, but as of late, AMD’s Athlon Processor has
stolen the crown away from Intel. That is why were are seeing
the race for 1GHz speed up so dramatically today.

The Hard Drive
"HD"
The Hard Drive is simply a multitude of metal disks that spin
around inside your computer, with heads that move around those
disks. Those heads read and write data to the metallic
disks. The reason for using a Hard drive is because the hard
drive is the only part inside a computer that stores data while the
computer is off. (Besides removable media of course.) Your Hard
Drive is what stores all of your settings, programs, and the operating
system while your computer is off. The only draw back to the
hard drive, is that it is mechanical. That means it has a tendency
to break down every once in a while for no reason, and it is slower
than electronic means of data storage.

Random Access Memory
"RAM"
RAM is easily confused with Hard Drive, because both store
data. The two are actually very different. The RAM is a
chip that holds data, only as electricity flows though it. It is
very fast compared to the Hard Drive, but is also expensive, which is
why we don’t use it for our primary data storage. RAM is used as
a interface between the Hard Drive and the Processor. If the
Processor needs some data that’s on the hard drive, the chipset (well
get to the chipset later) will retrieve the data from the hard drive
and put it into memory, so the processor can access it faster.
If the computer runs out of room in the RAM, it will make a file
on
your hard drive, called "Virtual RAM." "Virtual
RAM" is just an extension of real RAM on your Hard Drive.
As said above, the Hard drive is much slower than the RAM, so when the
computer gets the data strait from the Hard Drive, your computer will
also seem like it freezes, because it will be running so slowly. Once
you shut your computer off, there is nothing stored in the RAM,
because there is no electricity flowing though it.

Cache
"L1,and L2"
The Cache is high speed RAM. It stores commonly used data
and instructions from the processor so that it doesn’t have to go to
the slower RAM to get it. This is why the modern day computer is
so fast. Without cache, most processors would be limited in
speed by the RAM. Without it, your computer would be running
terribly slow. The Cache is split up into 2 different
Levels. The first level, L1, ranges in size from 32KB to 128KB. It is split in half and resides with in the CPU core, next
to the Integer and Floating Point Unit. The first half stores
commonly used data, and the second half stores common instructions
that the processor carries out on the data. The second level of
cache, called L2, is for data only. Some L2 Caches are on the
motherboard. Others are on a special cartridge with the
CPU. Newer L2 Caches are in the CPU core, with the L1 cache.

The Chipset
The chipset is the boss inside the computer. It controls
communication between the components. The chipset is split up
into two basic chips. The first chip, called the North Bridge,
handles communication between the AGP bus, (if it exists), RAM,
processor, and the South Bridge of the chipset. The South Bridge
handles all the Input and output of the computer, including the PCI
and ISA Bus. The Processor, Memory, Cache, and Chipset all work
together to function as a logical brain.

Puisi perjuangan

2009-11-08T20:48:00.000-08:00

“Negeri para bedebah”

Ada satu negeri yang dihuni para bedebah
Lautnya pernah dibelah tongkat Musa
Nuh meninggalkan daratannya karena direndam bah
Dari langit burung-burung kondor
menjatuhkan bebatuan menyala-nyala

Tahukah kamu ciri-ciri negeri para bedebah?
Itulah negeri yang para pemimpinnya hidup mewah
Tapi rakyatnya makan dari mengais sampah
Atau menjadi kuli di negeri orang
Yang upahnya serapah dan bogem mentah

Di negeri para bedebah
Orang baik dan bersih dianggap salah
Dipenjarakan hanya karena sering ketemu wartawan
Menipu rakyat dengan pemilu menjadi lumrah
Karena hanya penguasa yang boleh marah
Sedangkan rakyatnya hanya bisa pasrah

Maka bila negerimu dikuasai para bedebah
Jangan tergesa-gesa mengadu kepada Allah
Karena Tuhan tak akan mengubah suatu kaum
Kecuali kaum itu sendiri mengubahnya

Maka bila melihat negeri dikuasai para bedebah
Usirlah mereka dengan revolusi
Bila tak mampu dengan revolusi, dengan demonstrasi
Bila tak mampu dengan demonstrasi, dengan diskusi
Tapi itulah selemah-lemahnya iman perjuangan !

UNIVERSITY KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA

2009-11-08T01:24:00.000-08:00

National University of Malaysia (Malay: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) is a public university located in Bangi, Selangor which is about 35 km south of Kuala Lumpur. There is also a teaching hospital in Cheras and a branch campus in Kuala Lumpur. Today, it has 17,500 undergraduate students, and 5,105 postgraduate students of which 1368 are foreign students from 35 different countries.
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia is recognised as one of the four research universities in Malaysia. It was ranked by The Times Higher Education Supplement (THES) at number 185 in its annual ranking of the world's top 200 universities for 2006. However, it has dropped out of the list of top 200 universities in the world in 2007.

UKM today has expanded to twelve well-established faculties, four institutes and nine centres. In addition, UKM has established a private limited holding company known as UKM Holdings, which handles the commercial activity of UKM. UKM encompasses an academic community of 1,798 (181 professors; 326 associate professors; 1051 lecturers and 174 tutors and 66 teachers), supporting staff of more than 7500 and a student population of approximately 26,844. Currently, UKM has about 19,371 undergraduate students, and 7,473 postgraduate students of which 1018 are foreign students from 35 different countries. Since its establishment in 1970 up till 2002, the University has produced more than 104,057 graduates; 93,210 Bachelors, 10,115 Masters and 732 PhDs. UKM, though a brainchild of nationalistic fervour and aspirations, is very international in outlook without sacrificing its cherished culture and values.

Vision and Mission
Vision
UKM is committed to be a leading university that pioneers innovation in the construction of knowledge to achieve the aspiration of producing a society imbued with dynamic, learned and civic leadership.

Mission
UKM is the National University that safeguards the sovereignty of the Malay language while globalizing knowledge in the context of local culture.

Philosophy
A combination of faith in Allah and beneficial knowledge and of theory and practice as the basis for the advancement of knowledge, the education of society and the development of the University.

Educational Goals UKM
To produce graduates who are imbued with confidence, ethics, leadership and national integrity who are able to engage internationally.

UKM's History
The idea of establishing a national university was first mooted as far back as the early 1920s. The initial proposition, made by Abd. Kadir Adabi, sought for the establishment of a university that could meet the educational needs of the Malays and the development of their language.

Through the 30s, the idea grew, secretly cherished in the hearts of the Malays, especially during the time of colonial domination. It was actively pursued during the 40s and the 50s when the Federation of the Union of Malay Teachers of the Peninsula agitated for the placement of the Malay Language in the active life of the country, and enhance the status of Malay schools so that their students could further their studies at tertiary level.

In the 60s, the demands were repeated and discussions were reopened. A group of Malay intellectuals gathered to discuss notion of a national university, not only in the context of Malay needs, but also that of a Malaysian nation.
The notion was well received and in 1969, a Sponsoring Committee was set up to prepare and publish a report recommending the establishment of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The report formed the basis of the University. Many of its recommendations were adopted as guidelines in the official establishment of the University on May 18, 1970.
Thus, the establishment of the University was indeed an historical event, erected on people's vision. The progress achieved since its formation has proved beyond doubt the success of Bahasa Malaysia (Malay language) as a medium of instruction at the university level.

Location Map

UKM started operating from Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur in 1970, and in October 1977, it

moved to its present location in Bangi, an attractive and green valley area of 1,096 hectares. UKM also has a branch campus in Kuala Lumpur and a teaching hospital in Cheras known as UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC).
Location map for UKM Bangi Campus and Cheras Campus

List of Faculties :

Economics and Business
Pharmacy
Engineering and Built Environment
Education
Islamic Studies
Dentistry
Medicine
Science and Technology
Allied Health Sciences
Social Sciences and Humanities
Information Science and Technology
Law
Graduate School of Business

»Students

Graduate

Undergraduate

Facilities

Graduate

Centre for Graduate Management
The Centre for Graduate Management was established in 1983. The Centre offers coursework or research-based programmes on both full time and part time basis. The Centre also collaborates with other national and international institutions of higher learning.
For further information, please visit http://www.ukm.my/pps

Graduate School of Business
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia pioneered the M.B.A. and D.B.A. programmes as early as in the 1980's under its Faculty of Business Management, and has been well-known for its high standards in business education. Since then, it has expanded its horizons and is gaining national and international recognition with the creation of a new entity, named as The Graduate School of Business (GSB).
For further information, please visit http://gsb.ukm.my

Centre for Educational Extension

The Centre for Educational Extension offers industry relevant programmes, specially designed for working executives at the post-graduate diploma and Masters levels. Among the sectors we currently focus are Information Technology, Occupational Safety and Health, Industrial Management, Manufacturing Systems, Business Administration and Economics.
For further information on Graduate Executive Programmes, please visit http://www.ukm.my/kembangan

Undergraduate

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia offers a wide variety of academic programmes covering both the arts and sciences. Currently, UKM has 13 faculties, with eight faculties located on the main campus in Bangi. The Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and the Faculty of Dentistry are in Kuala Lumpur near the city centre. The Faculty of Medicine is in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur with the UKM Medical Centre.
At the undergraduate level, the University offers a comprehensive range of courses, leading to Bachelor of Accounting, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Bachelor of Economics, Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Islamic Studies, Bachelor of Law, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Science Education and Doctor of Medicine degrees. It is anticipated that in future, new programmes will be offered giving students a wider choice of courses to choose from thus enhancing UKM's academic profile.

Please click on the links below for further details.

[ Programmes ]
[ Entry Requirements ]
[ How To Apply ]
[ Application Form - for Non-Citizen ]
[ Academic Calendar ]
[ Fees ]

For further information, please contact:

The Deputy Registrar
Academic Management Section
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM-Bangi
Selangor
MALAYSIA
Tel: (603) 8921 4126 / 8921 5336
Fax: (603) 8925 0662
E-mail: akad@ukm.my norzali@ukm.my

For Undergraduate Executive Programmes, please visit the Centre for Educational Extension website; http://www.ukm.my/kembangan

Facilities
In ensuring that the campus environment is conducive and harmonious, various facilities have been made available to the campus population. Various activities are carried out with the aim of producing students who are mentally and physically fit.

Please click on the links below for further details.
[ Students Facilities ]

Source :

http://www.ukm.my/

Sesi foTo (narsist mode on)

2009-11-07T11:01:00.000-08:00

yaahh,,, my style is strange,, haha

pake nunjuk nunjuk,,, apaan tuh,, ku ,reza, juga apaan ikutan lompat,,, laahhh luke what's are doing bro ??? do u do something to acquire a power,, like meditation,,, hehe
^_^

wuuuu,,, topi aneh, kenapa ni topi gak di ganti-ganti,,, kayak mau perang aja...
but i like this picture,,,
cool,, !!!

nah ini dia nih,,,
gila gila-an anak anak TESL,,,wkkwkwkk

hahha....

Tesl student 2009/2010

2009-11-07T10:49:00.000-08:00

teslian student,,,
this is my first semester and first year in university kebangsaan malaysia (national university of malaysia ).

hahaha,,, all of my friend, they are cute... wearing baju kurung ( malaysian formal dress ),, i will try to use it, no baju kurung, LoL hahaha... i mean baju melayu for gentleman, (^-^)

MY faVorite football team

2009-11-07T09:21:00.000-08:00

barcelona FC is my favorite club ....

huhu...

i have a dream that one day i will be there and watch my favorite player lionel messi shows his skill,,,

i love barcelona so much,,,

guys, what's ur favorite team ???

hehehe... i think you like also barcelona,,,

wow,,, last year is the big sweet dream for los azulgrana,,,

they championship in three different competition,,,

1. La liga

2. copa del rey

3. liga champion

.........................................................................................................................................................................