<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441</id><updated>2026-10-13T21:54:24.719-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Guru Eletrônico</title><subtitle type='html'>Conhecimento em eletroeletrônica e tecnologia do século XXI</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>33</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-3271385188205331089</id><published>2026-09-06T15:30:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2026-09-06T15:34:05.833-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Análise de circuito e teoria 2</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Olá, pessoas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;, novamente postando mais um aprendizado prático, criei algumas situações para análise de vocês:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;1- Dado a figura, podemos afirmar&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio_aXUVViDaSshZN8Ml2fGxEgGD99SBJ8TDPcztAU6ghKrW_ll1ZK8aJWPGqcwRBSPcRoyEE_qDPGZxVVSCXpBTu_g6SzLrpHOwvnFFasXad_UJAy_uJwMajYh1qD4KJ4duMRM8dxOhVf-iBYiWSfPMYgsvUQGa2AnNHRy99zoTKS3r6kq8fhIDEf1IEg/s1280/carregador%20de%20baterias%20autos.bmp&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;768&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1280&quot; height=&quot;192&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio_aXUVViDaSshZN8Ml2fGxEgGD99SBJ8TDPcztAU6ghKrW_ll1ZK8aJWPGqcwRBSPcRoyEE_qDPGZxVVSCXpBTu_g6SzLrpHOwvnFFasXad_UJAy_uJwMajYh1qD4KJ4duMRM8dxOhVf-iBYiWSfPMYgsvUQGa2AnNHRy99zoTKS3r6kq8fhIDEf1IEg/s320/carregador%20de%20baterias%20autos.bmp&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- Essa configuração é conhecida como meia ponte.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- O diodo retifica o sinal AC e a lâmpada dissipa uma boa parte da bateria.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- a bateria apresentará tensão de carga de 14,4V, se ela tiver com 12 V ou maior ela estará boa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Ciclo de carga da bateria é de 8 a 10 horas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Todas as alternativas verdadeiras.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;2- Analise a figura e responda o correto&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5jGmDYWBht_rCfA-YhklCviiWN3LDrYJEfsYdST8TbgnO5h7_R1R5oWmYRsOKG9kXMGYgwFt8C1dkkCwvhN_q_vChlf7P0nl6th1kFSjT9VyYf-V4KdtK42Z8V39fP6s-k98nMxoxMHBXYR6Md8vJpySUn-TU6HdtmHFe9ihB4lxenEinEI2RjH6ocsA/s1024/circuito%20de%20simula%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20led%20em%20ac.bmp&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;768&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1024&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5jGmDYWBht_rCfA-YhklCviiWN3LDrYJEfsYdST8TbgnO5h7_R1R5oWmYRsOKG9kXMGYgwFt8C1dkkCwvhN_q_vChlf7P0nl6th1kFSjT9VyYf-V4KdtK42Z8V39fP6s-k98nMxoxMHBXYR6Md8vJpySUn-TU6HdtmHFe9ihB4lxenEinEI2RjH6ocsA/s320/circuito%20de%20simula%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20led%20em%20ac.bmp&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- O capacitor C1 tem uma reatância capacitiva que produz uma impedância que ajuda a reduzir a Tensão e dará uma corrente definida, e a tensão de trabalho do capacitor será de 250V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- O resistor R1, limita a corrente do diodo zener, fazendo ele conduzir e forçar uma tensão de 12V, e o diodo retificador, elimina o sinal AC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- O capacitor C2 filtra o sinal de saída, reduzindo o riple, e assim o led terá tensão de 1,8 a 2,5V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Nenhuma resposta é correta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Resposta a, b e c, corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;3- Observe o circuito e responda o certo&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh8W_6QnEA1BFch1QXzq0-52PApxpXxF-NtqgjtA1MCAOKyHKaQkiZxqNlbXhOfXkSzoS8X3wyJ0Pbo7NRhDHrvFkT6W2ODJIQwkoVVv8-jyTNgpzm-hcw8dNZXXPb6IPpbrjdcXDrnD4VMpebu-9oGPlLuea1Nfml9Yl3UIuWyT7AT6ddnUKGuk09NWk/s1024/Circuito%20de%20teste%20trans%C3%ADstor%20NPN%20com%20instr3D.bmp&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;768&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1024&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh8W_6QnEA1BFch1QXzq0-52PApxpXxF-NtqgjtA1MCAOKyHKaQkiZxqNlbXhOfXkSzoS8X3wyJ0Pbo7NRhDHrvFkT6W2ODJIQwkoVVv8-jyTNgpzm-hcw8dNZXXPb6IPpbrjdcXDrnD4VMpebu-9oGPlLuea1Nfml9Yl3UIuWyT7AT6ddnUKGuk09NWk/s320/Circuito%20de%20teste%20trans%C3%ADstor%20NPN%20com%20instr3D.bmp&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- Essa configuração pode ser chamada de NPN emissor comum, sendo que na base há um resistor de 1k Ohm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Um gerador está fornecendo um sinal de 5V que provocará a oscilação do transistor e fará o led piscar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- O led irá medir cerca de 1,75V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- A configuração do transistor está errada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Letras a, b e c, corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;4- Dado o circuito abaixo, responda o correto&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg41r0ri1uNM9RafmR7dEgrFGpbhyphenhyphenwRZMqeFHU85aD0deEuvgekhLVQPQiF5eJj_kN3KtcYQxCIfcKuPghQ22e7h7lagfsOsWO_RyWTRwQS3KbAUkCMaldZT8X7gvbwS2A-blJl7tHnUJCoeSIn_1Dpl0-hyXDxJfYtT6JmuT3xA8ZLlp4Sgnru0xPjxig/s1024/Dimensionamento%20NPN%20com%20div%20resistivo.bmp&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;768&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1024&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg41r0ri1uNM9RafmR7dEgrFGpbhyphenhyphenwRZMqeFHU85aD0deEuvgekhLVQPQiF5eJj_kN3KtcYQxCIfcKuPghQ22e7h7lagfsOsWO_RyWTRwQS3KbAUkCMaldZT8X7gvbwS2A-blJl7tHnUJCoeSIn_1Dpl0-hyXDxJfYtT6JmuT3xA8ZLlp4Sgnru0xPjxig/s320/Dimensionamento%20NPN%20com%20div%20resistivo.bmp&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- IC é igual ao IE porque o hfe do transistor é maior que 100.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Essa configuração do divisor de base ajuda a estabilizar a condução do transistor na chamada zona quiescente, excelente para empregar em amplificadores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- VRE= RE.IE e a corrente IE interagira com a corrente IR4, formando o ITotal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Apenas a alternativa a é certa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Alternativas a, b e c, certas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;5- Observando o circuito podemos afirmar&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh14QapKQKpO_dqr-5CDDy1cDGXZ68IQsw46HImiAK_ZcTuri99EJYTDQa4t9YU5XJf50n4yuZHqt3jk1JyKnJPdmSPWwwO_XubMISsT1anPIaPVVi-Wiq3DQ1dsK9yulvcNCQ-UjB8l924hUN9qJCtY1JcFj0sRPCw0je0pqNO1kdjEFj134QrLeL65xY/s2048/Transcheemissorcomumcomres.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;768&quot; data-original-width=&quot;2048&quot; height=&quot;120&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh14QapKQKpO_dqr-5CDDy1cDGXZ68IQsw46HImiAK_ZcTuri99EJYTDQa4t9YU5XJf50n4yuZHqt3jk1JyKnJPdmSPWwwO_XubMISsT1anPIaPVVi-Wiq3DQ1dsK9yulvcNCQ-UjB8l924hUN9qJCtY1JcFj0sRPCw0je0pqNO1kdjEFj134QrLeL65xY/s320/Transcheemissorcomumcomres.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- O transístor pode ser usado como chave e ser dimensionado para acionar um relé, o diodo invertido é para eliminar a ocorrência de contra-corrente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- IE=IC+IB, o transístor será controlado pela polarização da Base.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- Temos duas malhas no circuito de emissor comum, uma começando pelo resistor de coletor e outra pelo resistor de base, ou seja, um circuito paralelo-série.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Esse modelo é perfeitamente aplicável na configuração PNP.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Alternativas a, b e c, corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;6- Olhando o circuito é possível afirmar&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqLhCBNVFuMyRHIe4UUkHPSRGyMzyTNqtZLJPy4eDoL4gkwwGKImIseA1olDd47Oa2lPjQlNyeizNwa36OOr5SAMhcnfHh_h-bWwE3KnUxc8m5A08gdxlmWbYDn1wW9U9xT4qZVTARIIGO_vfev1F3SLFvhgxU0aIeIiWsGEIyd9c3vRtmw90RK-0BQPE/s1024/pnpemissorcomum.bmp&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;600&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1024&quot; height=&quot;188&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqLhCBNVFuMyRHIe4UUkHPSRGyMzyTNqtZLJPy4eDoL4gkwwGKImIseA1olDd47Oa2lPjQlNyeizNwa36OOr5SAMhcnfHh_h-bWwE3KnUxc8m5A08gdxlmWbYDn1wW9U9xT4qZVTARIIGO_vfev1F3SLFvhgxU0aIeIiWsGEIyd9c3vRtmw90RK-0BQPE/s320/pnpemissorcomum.bmp&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- A polarização correta da base é ligada ao terra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Não é necessário dimensionar RB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- Hfe não influi no desempenho do transistor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Tensão de condução é de 1V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Posso polarizar a base usando o positivo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;7- Analisando a figura é correto afirmar&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJzE8DOwbAJ0xPoWxNgpwKqN4XYjiRVCVjyyWMd2U0Xv0xrBUGze7gGmoK2LB3D4FWgHxyuV498jB2F_I8yaFFR9vfWcNyhIuCPzP2LstTTLZs_U5Qe27t8ubOk_mgsG42VqL_ylMkS-LYIQqYJa6QpED7kZ97f_DRXo8NAYf06PDXiBC3RfG2SWvqXB0/s1024/Teste%20PNP.bmp&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;768&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1024&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJzE8DOwbAJ0xPoWxNgpwKqN4XYjiRVCVjyyWMd2U0Xv0xrBUGze7gGmoK2LB3D4FWgHxyuV498jB2F_I8yaFFR9vfWcNyhIuCPzP2LstTTLZs_U5Qe27t8ubOk_mgsG42VqL_ylMkS-LYIQqYJa6QpED7kZ97f_DRXo8NAYf06PDXiBC3RfG2SWvqXB0/s320/Teste%20PNP.bmp&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- O circuito irá conduzir pelo acionamento da corrente IB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- A tensão VBE do transistor será cerca de 0,7V e permitirá a condução da corrente IC, determinada pelo hfe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- Esse circuito pode ser amplamente empregado em soluções que use polarização negativa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- O circuito não funciona porque está polarizado de forma incorreta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Todas as alternativas estão corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;8- Observe a figura e responda&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimTHA-3dlZgGWQ64DI82HYPMYDFUrEXzgee9YPEAqq6WGQXxNaj1tFVkpyz3c5mXXlzkCoUnax-f9-Bl-7C9Wyq6NXB2DrdSNg1IkI3V9oMsjDnNKg8DvrpnvpbsbR-t2qDtv4eXx0cLcNPM_H3OpmkcK5WpDwbFghpcTkeWUv9JuM-otbuKybCu_iyc8/s1280/multivibrador%20ast%C3%A1vel.bmp&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;768&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1280&quot; height=&quot;192&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimTHA-3dlZgGWQ64DI82HYPMYDFUrEXzgee9YPEAqq6WGQXxNaj1tFVkpyz3c5mXXlzkCoUnax-f9-Bl-7C9Wyq6NXB2DrdSNg1IkI3V9oMsjDnNKg8DvrpnvpbsbR-t2qDtv4eXx0cLcNPM_H3OpmkcK5WpDwbFghpcTkeWUv9JuM-otbuKybCu_iyc8/s320/multivibrador%20ast%C3%A1vel.bmp&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- Não é possível mudar a frequência produzida pelo circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Esse é um circuito oscilador e enquanto um led pisca, o outro está apagado, usando o princípio de corte e saturação dos transístores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- A frequência pode ser mudada trocando resistores de base ou o capacitor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Alternativas b e c, certas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Nada pode ser feito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;9- Escolha a alternativa certa depois de analisar a figura&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPIkHXqUOGjf3S9DfDTKcqR97uqu2MMLsbXXTV-00UO30KHE1E1qHwwnuG0h5nhlBlwUam1n_IUc71dbr0Pg7-SbO5jT7EEw_5LHBxVIwNwI83Kdr41rAgldcMPMWe118B28pZiaVvo7TD38nU9vi8kojE2iHzQdvibQ1cRRw7_KjctGOD7yqdySiqD1A/s1359/Fonte%20sem%20trafo,%20padr%C3%A3o%20USB,%205VDC.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;648&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1359&quot; height=&quot;153&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPIkHXqUOGjf3S9DfDTKcqR97uqu2MMLsbXXTV-00UO30KHE1E1qHwwnuG0h5nhlBlwUam1n_IUc71dbr0Pg7-SbO5jT7EEw_5LHBxVIwNwI83Kdr41rAgldcMPMWe118B28pZiaVvo7TD38nU9vi8kojE2iHzQdvibQ1cRRw7_KjctGOD7yqdySiqD1A/s320/Fonte%20sem%20trafo,%20padr%C3%A3o%20USB,%205VDC.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- O Valor do capacitor de entrada, não influirá na tensão final.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;b- O resistor irá limitar o diodo zener, fazendo ele produzir 12 ou 13 V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- Não terá aquecimento no circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- A tensão de saída pode ser 12V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Circuito não pode ser usado em 220V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;10- Observe a figura e responda&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKOYzqJX2EjcF81_B4O2xTZ36sK0G8WaM49WH-sHH9eTkC4QIDLc8JRrwJxsOfBik98TsVc54WLZ4bm5nf8le2qMOLcWl9l9ukfG1XBWIWhQeiVFdYOjgXXgqXnK69Hpam5abvWAe2w2iGNBxVBQl2uo-ulZsesf1kss30CjUT1dIVnSreS9Pr-nMCiHc/s1366/Fonte%20estabilizada%20vari%C3%A1vel%20+-12V%20esquem%C3%A1tico%20e%20teste.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;768&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1366&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKOYzqJX2EjcF81_B4O2xTZ36sK0G8WaM49WH-sHH9eTkC4QIDLc8JRrwJxsOfBik98TsVc54WLZ4bm5nf8le2qMOLcWl9l9ukfG1XBWIWhQeiVFdYOjgXXgqXnK69Hpam5abvWAe2w2iGNBxVBQl2uo-ulZsesf1kss30CjUT1dIVnSreS9Pr-nMCiHc/s320/Fonte%20estabilizada%20vari%C3%A1vel%20+-12V%20esquem%C3%A1tico%20e%20teste.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- As tensões estão estabilizadas nas saídas em 12V e -12V, com 1 A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Os capacitores no secundário ajudam a filtrar e estabilizar os sinais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- Os diodos zener devem ter 13V, para compensar a perda em VBE de cada transistor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- A entrada no secundário pode ser de 110 ou 220V e pode ser melhorada com proteções e filtragem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Todas corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pessoas, essa foram as questões, e seria interessante montarem esses circuitos e averiguarem essas informações, depois, farei das respostas nos comentários, abraços à todos e boa análise!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#makerdeeletrônica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#eletrônicaindustrial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#eletrônica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#analisedecircuito&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; 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mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/3271385188205331089/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2025/04/analise-de-circuito-e-teoria-2.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/3271385188205331089'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/3271385188205331089'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2025/04/analise-de-circuito-e-teoria-2.html' title='Análise de circuito e teoria 2'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio_aXUVViDaSshZN8Ml2fGxEgGD99SBJ8TDPcztAU6ghKrW_ll1ZK8aJWPGqcwRBSPcRoyEE_qDPGZxVVSCXpBTu_g6SzLrpHOwvnFFasXad_UJAy_uJwMajYh1qD4KJ4duMRM8dxOhVf-iBYiWSfPMYgsvUQGa2AnNHRy99zoTKS3r6kq8fhIDEf1IEg/s72-c/carregador%20de%20baterias%20autos.bmp" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-1383263247483095207</id><published>2026-08-11T22:30:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2026-08-11T22:52:59.737-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Análise de circuito e teoria 1</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercícios
de fixação, análise de circuito:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Falando um pouco de Lei de ohm,
ferramentas de eletrônica, resistores, capacitores, indutores e
transformadores, vamos relembrar nessas 10 perguntas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1- Uma soldagem para ser perfeita,
precisa ter:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- Ilha preenchida com estanho de
modo que fique tudo brilhante e uniforme.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Soldagens uniformes em todos os
lados de uma placa eletrônica e quando for usado um sugador, seja
retirado qualquer vestígio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- Preenchimento opaco.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Não importa a temperatura da
soldagem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Alternativas a e b certas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2- Dado o circuito, a alternativa
certa é:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgs-XQWq3N-HBoKfSEDNu-WLuKk5fIZL-uBn1cVKcwPw5mbL009kFB9l4DXx89OWWulZxUeUfG6nvesTEs2BKTeMSNCSmpCDPCPyiFhxnf7dD_e2h6wblUlNXxIOlfimjNSt9nv82h-gAhnVISLFyxWg2rVIfdIxVzfYIqDqf26adrYOcbH6BieUcQMTos&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; data-original-height=&quot;666&quot; data-original-width=&quot;592&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgs-XQWq3N-HBoKfSEDNu-WLuKk5fIZL-uBn1cVKcwPw5mbL009kFB9l4DXx89OWWulZxUeUfG6nvesTEs2BKTeMSNCSmpCDPCPyiFhxnf7dD_e2h6wblUlNXxIOlfimjNSt9nv82h-gAhnVISLFyxWg2rVIfdIxVzfYIqDqf26adrYOcbH6BieUcQMTos&quot; width=&quot;213&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- A corrente no resistor R3 é 10 A
e o código de cores do resistor é laranja, preto, preto, ouro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Pela lei de Ohm, em R1 teremos uma
tensão de 30 V e um corrente que será total de 10 A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- A corrente total do circuito pode
ser medida abrindo um terminal do R1, conectando o multímetro numa
escala de até 10 A em série com o resistor, essa corrente será
definida pela soma da corrente de R2 e R3, ou seja It= IR1 + IR2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- O valor de R1 será de 10 Ohm, com
corrente total passante de 3 A e a Req do circuito será de 30 Ohms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Alternativas b e d corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3- Sobre capacitores, podemos
afirmar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- São formados por placas, chamadas
armaduras e no meio delas há um material dielétrico como papel ou
substância eletrolítica, sendo os tipos de capacitores, cerâmicos,
poliéster, chamados não polarizados e os polarizados, eletrolíticos
e tântalo, que possuem no dielétrico, substância eletrolítica e
não podem ser invertidos no circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- A unidade de medida da
capacitância é o Farad (F), a capacitância é a capacidade do
capacitor de armazenar energia por um determinado tempo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- A impedância do capacitor é
infinita e a tensão do capacitor será a tensão do circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- A associação de capacitores num
circuito é de forma inversa a associação de resistores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Todas corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4- Observe o circuito da figura,
podemos afirmar: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4U6UXttde6vZe7vwVYzsKMbXF6Xi8DCDQQZ468jL6y4TRdn_P4OZeDvTHPjNgVyWDY1CA8qToVKVw0YPJqFTxxKdVwyOOqZK0-JtjoplDqmN-ZB_mWHHYlet8pLROtOKJOfUbfE5aOPl2zcNfDdoOTUZgx0hfjBtMr0jlMDV1B8bMdCefbg_PFgtcCMg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; data-original-height=&quot;600&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1024&quot; height=&quot;188&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4U6UXttde6vZe7vwVYzsKMbXF6Xi8DCDQQZ468jL6y4TRdn_P4OZeDvTHPjNgVyWDY1CA8qToVKVw0YPJqFTxxKdVwyOOqZK0-JtjoplDqmN-ZB_mWHHYlet8pLROtOKJOfUbfE5aOPl2zcNfDdoOTUZgx0hfjBtMr0jlMDV1B8bMdCefbg_PFgtcCMg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- O tempo de carga do capacitor será
T=R.C, onde R é o resistor em série ao capacitor C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Se o R for o mesmo, o capacitor
terá um tempo de carga igual ao de descarga, totalizando o tempo
final do ciclo completo de carga e descarga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- A frequência será o inverso do
tempo T.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- A corrente do capacitor é igual a
zero e a VC= Vcircuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Todas as alternativas corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5- Atentando ao circuito da figura
podemos afirmar:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgmO0MQbdLZlOA7PAI573nhn8shp-mcAOE_ZvU4xeA04QFuD6l99vLbWY3YVUkh0KiH9gYtOeTcPFlESCRa03E5JigvAU0K1K85Tf0TAMZ0fwfXw8VTnkrnPtXp6aj04cHGh3orduClfiJJMxYUHF5qdCwKexpjzOeodwpkKKAoN28A9Eef2LWXTytwajs&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; data-original-height=&quot;600&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1024&quot; height=&quot;188&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgmO0MQbdLZlOA7PAI573nhn8shp-mcAOE_ZvU4xeA04QFuD6l99vLbWY3YVUkh0KiH9gYtOeTcPFlESCRa03E5JigvAU0K1K85Tf0TAMZ0fwfXw8VTnkrnPtXp6aj04cHGh3orduClfiJJMxYUHF5qdCwKexpjzOeodwpkKKAoN28A9Eef2LWXTytwajs&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- A impedância final é dada em
Ohms, impedância é uma oposição à corrente sem gerar calor. Ela
está definida conforme a fórmula da figura, por z.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- A reatância capacitiva, XC, varia
conforme a frequência e a capacitância, e é dada em Ohms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- O capacitor irá adiantar o sinal
de saída, isso é uma das utilidades dele para corrigir atraso de
sinal por cargas indutivas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Todas as alternativas erradas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Alternativas a, b, c, corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;6-  Para testarmos capacitores e
resistores temos que observar:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- Medir o teste em escala de
Voltímetro, na máxima numeração.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Realizar a medida observando o
tipo do capacitor, capacitância e o ciclo de carga e descarga, na
escala correta, usando o teste de resistor, ou ohmímetro do
multiteste.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- Não há necessidade de testar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Observar além da seleção da
escala correta, a tolerância do valor medido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Alternativas b e c, corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;7- Um indutor é um componente
que:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- É formado por bobinas
interconectadas entre si e soldadas num núcleo metálico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- É formado por bobinas com um
núcleo metálico, de ferrite, ou de ar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- Oferece resistência zero à
passagem de corrente elétrica e cria campo magnético.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d-  Indutância é dada em Henrys
(H), ela é a capacidade de conduzir corrente elétrica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Alternativas b, c e d, certas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;8&amp;nbsp;-
Observe o circuito:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgiADDdApg-wb8cTrDzxpjmkCWxPXUzWPqzu3KZdj4FyCtxzlATIPKzNMzDU_M-E3kS7lwQ3Kt2C7NbN5xx15izyBqDpKtv0r3h4nDU37FIg4ZQCc49J3c319Uq8lj9po0JyD3ibQknGueY820QaXi0yDcD83-O3c28k1klSvhWq6c7RO6RVSv5ez3dKEM&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; data-original-height=&quot;600&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1024&quot; height=&quot;188&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgiADDdApg-wb8cTrDzxpjmkCWxPXUzWPqzu3KZdj4FyCtxzlATIPKzNMzDU_M-E3kS7lwQ3Kt2C7NbN5xx15izyBqDpKtv0r3h4nDU37FIg4ZQCc49J3c319Uq8lj9po0JyD3ibQknGueY820QaXi0yDcD83-O3c28k1klSvhWq6c7RO6RVSv5ez3dKEM&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- Temos dois tipos de indutores e
uma configuração de teste para corrente contínua, onde R=1k e L=
9,1 H, então, pelo circuito, T=R.L, onde o ciclo de carga será
igual ao de descarga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- O indutor irá conservar a
corrente do circuito e a VL= 0.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- O diodo D1 impede a contracorrente
e tem função de eliminar o sinal negativo que ela pode gerar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Todas as alternativas erradas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Alternativas a, b e c certas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;9- Dado a figura, a resposta certa
é&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhc6vVBVLNdCQ4KJuRzZGLbti-rJDOfEBIJCLcVHc-MnzCo9NbrhuatSsO-ot8RhSTaAmSYf94w7i7o8GBDiB1qNOEMFIT8Q5CZpJa0rbFALxd4rZ0rhaMEqNSTGpFNPokU2lagH2AXLvlYYMbutpxgds8lsejr1Gcl5_twoD9gB4Pq9T0YTpsJT35OuX4&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; data-original-height=&quot;338&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1157&quot; height=&quot;93&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhc6vVBVLNdCQ4KJuRzZGLbti-rJDOfEBIJCLcVHc-MnzCo9NbrhuatSsO-ot8RhSTaAmSYf94w7i7o8GBDiB1qNOEMFIT8Q5CZpJa0rbFALxd4rZ0rhaMEqNSTGpFNPokU2lagH2AXLvlYYMbutpxgds8lsejr1Gcl5_twoD9gB4Pq9T0YTpsJT35OuX4&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- A impedância do circuito será a
interação de R e L.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Reatância indutiva será a
impedância de um indutor em função da indutância e frequência.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- Um indutor sempre provocará um
atraso do sinal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Conforme variamos a frequência,
reduzimos a tensão do indutor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Todas as alternativas corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;10- Dado a figura, Transformadores são:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSqpvwqmfp2ixakJJRdWpGf91dTkcV237QKPKQV3sQHbrvwyXdfeorqhmoRGjRCuo261KXTjmzt2GiJaGWNO3Sq_q5pScvatGRrQtgXC3W1piw_nLuygpy-ZLmE_dprljNzOkf-xEDLV1bTspy9uCLoaMThwMn7rrGEi17ZwLU1aksIhdc37Ia25nH55Q/s247/trafo.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;204&quot; data-original-width=&quot;247&quot; height=&quot;204&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSqpvwqmfp2ixakJJRdWpGf91dTkcV237QKPKQV3sQHbrvwyXdfeorqhmoRGjRCuo261KXTjmzt2GiJaGWNO3Sq_q5pScvatGRrQtgXC3W1piw_nLuygpy-ZLmE_dprljNzOkf-xEDLV1bTspy9uCLoaMThwMn7rrGEi17ZwLU1aksIhdc37Ia25nH55Q/s1600/trafo.jpg&quot; width=&quot;247&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;a- Enrolamentos conectados entre si
para transmitirem sinais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;b- Circuitos resistivos para
controlar corrente elétrica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;c- Dois enrolamentos separados entre
si num núcleo ferromagnético laminado, no caso de aplicação para
onda senoide e frequências de 60Hz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;d- Nenhuma das anteriores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;e- Corretas b e c.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pessoas, grato e boa análise de circuito, falarei das resposta nos comentários. Até lá!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#makerdeeletrônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#eletrônicaindustrial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#eletrônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/1383263247483095207/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2025/04/analise-de-circuito-e-teoria-1.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/1383263247483095207'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/1383263247483095207'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2025/04/analise-de-circuito-e-teoria-1.html' title='Análise de circuito e teoria 1'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgs-XQWq3N-HBoKfSEDNu-WLuKk5fIZL-uBn1cVKcwPw5mbL009kFB9l4DXx89OWWulZxUeUfG6nvesTEs2BKTeMSNCSmpCDPCPyiFhxnf7dD_e2h6wblUlNXxIOlfimjNSt9nv82h-gAhnVISLFyxWg2rVIfdIxVzfYIqDqf26adrYOcbH6BieUcQMTos=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-8312461983291661511</id><published>2026-06-08T01:30:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2026-06-08T01:52:21.558-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Multivibrador astável - Pisca-pisca simples</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQS5HZJLe-578F-VgO3DV1Fd2hR08b5jH8iqTL4rYddkSCLrsJ5_Zezfx3vW_y9eDxxbRF8irHm-jLh7W5brdSla7HJLs-_P8U-a1rtOzkVmgVf6gxBU4HbtyzBPUgdNdiow7X8ybOmHM/s1600/esquemamultivibrador.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;249&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQS5HZJLe-578F-VgO3DV1Fd2hR08b5jH8iqTL4rYddkSCLrsJ5_Zezfx3vW_y9eDxxbRF8irHm-jLh7W5brdSla7HJLs-_P8U-a1rtOzkVmgVf6gxBU4HbtyzBPUgdNdiow7X8ybOmHM/s320/esquemamultivibrador.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;U&lt;span&gt;m projeto que encanta pela simplicidade e que já foi experimentado diversas vezes por vários autores. Consiste basicamente do corte e saturação dos transístores T2 e T1 como no esquema.&lt;br /&gt;
Os capacitores C1 e C2, fazem o circuito de carga e descarga em conjunto com os resistores R2 e R3.&lt;br /&gt;
R1 e R4, limitam a corrente do led e alimentam o mesmo, ao cortar um transístor, outro fecha e acende o outro led, numa frequência determinada pelos capacitores.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Esse circuito tem diversas aplicações comerciais, sendo fácil de montar e verificar o funcionamento, pra alterar a frequência basta mudar o valor dos capacitores.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiezlH8ed6NkNcnvdYWopTryD3m6dUA3__dlm9aEOm2aRM1ZMxDZUPVmdYRTmECVaQZmXJqBmOPJzq6HFcR-_-cTp97tqA0kI9zV-aAqZVC-7GA4AzXdE0HFHLjgCVdm00hKui9g500X18/s1600/multivibrador.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;256&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiezlH8ed6NkNcnvdYWopTryD3m6dUA3__dlm9aEOm2aRM1ZMxDZUPVmdYRTmECVaQZmXJqBmOPJzq6HFcR-_-cTp97tqA0kI9zV-aAqZVC-7GA4AzXdE0HFHLjgCVdm00hKui9g500X18/s320/multivibrador.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
Na figura ao lado, a sugestão do lay-out feito pelo CAD Eagle.&lt;br /&gt;
A alimentação do circuito pode ser feita por fonte de celulares e por 4 pilhas de 1,5V.&lt;br /&gt;
Árvore de Natal, letreiros luminosos, fantasias de carnaval e outros, são exemplos de aplicação.&lt;br /&gt;
Essa montagem pode ser realizada de várias maneiras, inclusive em placas universais, o que se aplica a maioria dos projetos desse blog.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A sugestão pra aqueles que querem fazer o circuito impresso é esse site:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www3.eletronica.org/&quot;&gt;http://www.eletronica.org/&lt;/a&gt;, nele tem instruções pra você mandar o circuito junto com outras pessoas, pra baratear e ratear o custo de fabricação das PCIs dos circuitos.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Confiram abaixo o fotolito do circuito:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiMSRvFzuUzzsxA4k7Uv8lVlqAYDmwBWdDm-6r6qD-hURiTL2foCUbhi7g84GS-M3EwwWyCw3cf-_cFa1i3p9ze6JFQUg1NRO8umOiqzEDO_Nxm0V-5LhLr4gv7p7ScwwnIhtoppdlsHo/s1600/multivibradormono.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiMSRvFzuUzzsxA4k7Uv8lVlqAYDmwBWdDm-6r6qD-hURiTL2foCUbhi7g84GS-M3EwwWyCw3cf-_cFa1i3p9ze6JFQUg1NRO8umOiqzEDO_Nxm0V-5LhLr4gv7p7ScwwnIhtoppdlsHo/s1600/multivibradormono.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C1,C2 - Capacitores eletrolíticos, polarizados de 1uF/25V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Led1, Led2 - Leds vermelho e verde.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1,R4 - Resistores de 1k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R2,R3 - Resistores de 100k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;T1, T2 - Transístores BC547, NPN.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Boas experiências!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#astavel&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletrônica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#piscapiscaeletronico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#piscapiscaeletrônico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/8312461983291661511/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/07/multivibrador-astavel-pisca-pisca.html#comment-form' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/8312461983291661511'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/8312461983291661511'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/07/multivibrador-astavel-pisca-pisca.html' title='Multivibrador astável - Pisca-pisca simples'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQS5HZJLe-578F-VgO3DV1Fd2hR08b5jH8iqTL4rYddkSCLrsJ5_Zezfx3vW_y9eDxxbRF8irHm-jLh7W5brdSla7HJLs-_P8U-a1rtOzkVmgVf6gxBU4HbtyzBPUgdNdiow7X8ybOmHM/s72-c/esquemamultivibrador.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-7237101454946642082</id><published>2026-04-21T01:00:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2026-05-06T19:57:25.717-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Bancada eletro-eletrônica econômica</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Meus caros amigos, vou sugerir através desse texto uma aplicação prática que aproveita uma rack de computador, Fonte ATX e régua regulada de tomadas, padrão ABNT.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYWNDyia8ACpKsO5pl3cP6Hrl94BHBGtPk-O0xqwz0IT6RJ1FDHsfO53jxRt-4_QGKoA8fOddqbBjZYD7zB5SEPo1PMRBd2ZPE4tulZrOBxweuAVxF7uIpPMBxR6MEiv2VzVrufoXheeDgNtNfxKNpf6FcUAVGVkzfm6MqeN41yzDxDtd1QLcZO6MuJ_8/s1168/Bancada%20prof.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;784&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1168&quot; height=&quot;215&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYWNDyia8ACpKsO5pl3cP6Hrl94BHBGtPk-O0xqwz0IT6RJ1FDHsfO53jxRt-4_QGKoA8fOddqbBjZYD7zB5SEPo1PMRBd2ZPE4tulZrOBxweuAVxF7uIpPMBxR6MEiv2VzVrufoXheeDgNtNfxKNpf6FcUAVGVkzfm6MqeN41yzDxDtd1QLcZO6MuJ_8/s320/Bancada%20prof.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Dimensionar e organizar uma bancada se torna simples e permite reciclar móveis que poderiam ser descartados, e no vídeo que criei, procurei mostrar isso na bancada que foi configurada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-tU5yUD5tNKVKW31oKyMYoiv9qwBAbr5SMGxD6kum5n9Qsx5b0C58AvODD6rqxCpi5aRJsQwvt72LrpvnZ1B6ars5MAqrkk5hDqX8sVUviWm46s6z90So3wXjVV037Lw5fWcdWOE2W60/s1600/17.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-tU5yUD5tNKVKW31oKyMYoiv9qwBAbr5SMGxD6kum5n9Qsx5b0C58AvODD6rqxCpi5aRJsQwvt72LrpvnZ1B6ars5MAqrkk5hDqX8sVUviWm46s6z90So3wXjVV037Lw5fWcdWOE2W60/s320/17.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Não foi necessário furar nada, apenas foi fixo com braçadeiras plásticas, de forma que permita um novo dimensionamento ou até transporte dos itens.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Foi utilizado uma Fonte ATX de 127/220V, de 400W, uma rack de computador usada com a mesa e suporte superior e uma régua de 06 tomadas no padrão ABNT. A bancada foi dimensionada de forma que a fonte ficasse na mesa para acoplar tensões nas matrizes de contato que seriam provados os circuitos, um netbook ou notebook no lado direito, uma tela plana no suporte superior acompanhada de multímetro, ferramentas da bancada e componentes eletrônicos. As ferramentas e componentes acondicionados em caixa específica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A bancada foi montada obedecendo essa lógica e ela funciona com desempenho excelente, detalhe que qualquer pessoa pode fazer, com um baixo custo. Para ter ideia uma bancada profissional, com fonte e instrumentos, sai por volta de 5000,00 reais. A nossa bancada com todos os itens sai por um preço máximo de 1200,00, bem menos...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Chamo a atenção pra vocês verem uma bancada alternativa, criação do meu amigo reparador &lt;b&gt;Edson Oliveira&lt;/b&gt;, cujas fotos seguem abaixo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-QjGkvYdBihS7WZr3OG_kfXi3gyD1ijnyhw2jOpSu2iad9oXEmScC-Bkwz4psGveoCyQT5wLPbRGlLdA5HHNEE-fITGSrvuMnlC7NtZNGYJRUnwdH5IQTj-2JYfeOnVm-zB-Ax32j5ow/s1600/IMG0056A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-QjGkvYdBihS7WZr3OG_kfXi3gyD1ijnyhw2jOpSu2iad9oXEmScC-Bkwz4psGveoCyQT5wLPbRGlLdA5HHNEE-fITGSrvuMnlC7NtZNGYJRUnwdH5IQTj-2JYfeOnVm-zB-Ax32j5ow/s320/IMG0056A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Vejam o detalhe construtivo com a inserção de uma chave liga desliga e a marcação das tensões no cabo da fonte.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj5GTVk-y0Ec7GTEFPsY0WJYww0msosX_8X8TcO2-Uy8fvqLveUgtqwvHRGE6FJW5hzBZi_HSEBvOKqRf8eGzdoQOdN3SAo9LVWyVZ3SmbdXDtqru5Jwsr9wa8qVZa8GD4RucMtVchqN4/s1600/IMG0057A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj5GTVk-y0Ec7GTEFPsY0WJYww0msosX_8X8TcO2-Uy8fvqLveUgtqwvHRGE6FJW5hzBZi_HSEBvOKqRf8eGzdoQOdN3SAo9LVWyVZ3SmbdXDtqru5Jwsr9wa8qVZa8GD4RucMtVchqN4/s320/IMG0057A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTTU97BgCg9MO4fkDxIMywfarI79r56ZfNt-am7WxFqrHPdoSsAScigmYT4sKEs6fKnPUMrPW6zgnriadZGxAwj-fEU_HBMXwYr8p-mV1i7I9OosTSLCGZijK6WuZ_BP3uOXtG0rOnWnM/s1600/IMG0059A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTTU97BgCg9MO4fkDxIMywfarI79r56ZfNt-am7WxFqrHPdoSsAScigmYT4sKEs6fKnPUMrPW6zgnriadZGxAwj-fEU_HBMXwYr8p-mV1i7I9OosTSLCGZijK6WuZ_BP3uOXtG0rOnWnM/s320/IMG0059A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A bancada pode ser do tipo apresentado, de madeira, ou uma rack de micro adaptada. A liberdade de criar é sua.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAOrvn6fTAGxhRRFRn888XG91gcTS0JBCStpYJdWVVmawI8516J43DWqBAhTiwxneqgLcNT-Vv8SbLHiY66DUCVxMb0vxc6IqUjv8XTab-Fdq4S9xkRuELHJEcElw-UQ4qavndC8DCLCc/s1600/IMG0061A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAOrvn6fTAGxhRRFRn888XG91gcTS0JBCStpYJdWVVmawI8516J43DWqBAhTiwxneqgLcNT-Vv8SbLHiY66DUCVxMb0vxc6IqUjv8XTab-Fdq4S9xkRuELHJEcElw-UQ4qavndC8DCLCc/s320/IMG0061A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Mais um detalhe das marcações de tensão&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_NnmYCJ3iN_fk4AVAjFzspqQ6ah_7mku14ZLAaVJ_eYxEPdKxU7Kj6ssKluW5YsxwVWzQOAn2I-0tkZrIhQihFChsFLfowlFZwhZ3FCZfMeUTPE8SOswo4LTKImnEub_725GKrroZy7w/s1600/IMG0062A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_NnmYCJ3iN_fk4AVAjFzspqQ6ah_7mku14ZLAaVJ_eYxEPdKxU7Kj6ssKluW5YsxwVWzQOAn2I-0tkZrIhQihFChsFLfowlFZwhZ3FCZfMeUTPE8SOswo4LTKImnEub_725GKrroZy7w/s320/IMG0062A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCJxqPbX0eeRJv959f7fH1BqbUJBNNB2SpjBfJBz6diQwnt0F1RijZEPmBAuraQK3VYqJiaNBe1FwSKdIw0z2xcciE8HfvC-CrKA2JoUXhMVV40osxQ4U42B9KAAkM3Bm2MtGiBj2DiC0/s1600/IMG0063A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCJxqPbX0eeRJv959f7fH1BqbUJBNNB2SpjBfJBz6diQwnt0F1RijZEPmBAuraQK3VYqJiaNBe1FwSKdIw0z2xcciE8HfvC-CrKA2JoUXhMVV40osxQ4U42B9KAAkM3Bm2MtGiBj2DiC0/s320/IMG0063A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWPgxvysoDse7KSK_Mk3VUJDJ9mRFqa2Oy7Rgo3iGM3g507p1eh0wip0deCIx8MtZ5JVRGXy9yiXqpLuN8VmGlx-Pc1PbCEDgyp79GLljSej3m3UKFjla71TnDjC18phr932bWxhgoe9o/s1600/IMG0064A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWPgxvysoDse7KSK_Mk3VUJDJ9mRFqa2Oy7Rgo3iGM3g507p1eh0wip0deCIx8MtZ5JVRGXy9yiXqpLuN8VmGlx-Pc1PbCEDgyp79GLljSej3m3UKFjla71TnDjC18phr932bWxhgoe9o/s320/IMG0064A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidWRvU3415Y_zfnpGbtosmfjIAxLihj5NNSI4UJPgSNM_t5KAIGS_r73O5kyZ1AD9RkVPAqqgFcHTva8QVj4eCssqjqgjkHx0hJxjBtxeSG3n39LrlcKeXM8Jw3l3sMEH9QqOHvUZUjPI/s1600/IMG0065A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidWRvU3415Y_zfnpGbtosmfjIAxLihj5NNSI4UJPgSNM_t5KAIGS_r73O5kyZ1AD9RkVPAqqgFcHTva8QVj4eCssqjqgjkHx0hJxjBtxeSG3n39LrlcKeXM8Jw3l3sMEH9QqOHvUZUjPI/s320/IMG0065A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCUSRCBZazQdfLTrlBAp_tyWOLjeU79HxDVST4Ma_V_3k7r6HLNHTtC1p7WCfMbJJPWx14llt4txj5kuhABmSHFOZTVmIteaozODdGJ3bVWF67gLX0f3lzH99wNt6aB0rryT2mJsB3GXg/s1600/IMG0066A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCUSRCBZazQdfLTrlBAp_tyWOLjeU79HxDVST4Ma_V_3k7r6HLNHTtC1p7WCfMbJJPWx14llt4txj5kuhABmSHFOZTVmIteaozODdGJ3bVWF67gLX0f3lzH99wNt6aB0rryT2mJsB3GXg/s320/IMG0066A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZnZmK7W61DtxlCwY_dCOj6NivQhd5NPHwzED8jEHzSG5HdrhyphenhyphenKCC_YMegMy6cQDonc_4toZWX69epWX1EJ3PTUZ_ej_5IjtuJorznuFSAD4BRaGu_72DzImqPUCjKs0qS_-Wvuy6cm2s/s1600/IMG0067A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZnZmK7W61DtxlCwY_dCOj6NivQhd5NPHwzED8jEHzSG5HdrhyphenhyphenKCC_YMegMy6cQDonc_4toZWX69epWX1EJ3PTUZ_ej_5IjtuJorznuFSAD4BRaGu_72DzImqPUCjKs0qS_-Wvuy6cm2s/s320/IMG0067A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3QxhHVF5nBbLUyC9AiWCmVJ4sNi-INYiswTGBurZqFrbLgH5qB9iMgp41h0r1r1OK2fWGjUEoZTGbe_d4OKeDAHXc3aOVrcs-aZlKA6TVMkDu47y3ad1xpCIcSoP2xRA8jhPySubHxZE/s1600/IMG0068A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3QxhHVF5nBbLUyC9AiWCmVJ4sNi-INYiswTGBurZqFrbLgH5qB9iMgp41h0r1r1OK2fWGjUEoZTGbe_d4OKeDAHXc3aOVrcs-aZlKA6TVMkDu47y3ad1xpCIcSoP2xRA8jhPySubHxZE/s320/IMG0068A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTeLz5JWifjuncCAqAk5_VwGkkK_tNkoJQOqpz7yhFucfiLXf9dGRLooR102qlw79kR8uEsdpdEGl2Sa-QDlY_6BzdH-7L5waiOOzs26e_maxX9ztfvqeZ1VyHwXgcwj6pBDJuXXWRksQ/s1600/IMG0069A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTeLz5JWifjuncCAqAk5_VwGkkK_tNkoJQOqpz7yhFucfiLXf9dGRLooR102qlw79kR8uEsdpdEGl2Sa-QDlY_6BzdH-7L5waiOOzs26e_maxX9ztfvqeZ1VyHwXgcwj6pBDJuXXWRksQ/s320/IMG0069A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A fonte pode ser de 200, 400 e até 700 W, com alto desempenho nas tensões, em breve irei sugerir um circuito ajustável simétrico que pode ser adaptado a essas fontes.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGv3PQAcaGDo6ZI8sLpasmryNQKNMD2OKOBzd4Z4fLzi0i2TLqvl04b0kD932ohN68vzBJ2_GJnMebfgFuUgB45RuU-2Pg7OMmUx3kFnVi0CkrIakTQ58zbSWKyqyqTTy6uVSaBeWMJHY/s1600/IMG0070A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGv3PQAcaGDo6ZI8sLpasmryNQKNMD2OKOBzd4Z4fLzi0i2TLqvl04b0kD932ohN68vzBJ2_GJnMebfgFuUgB45RuU-2Pg7OMmUx3kFnVi0CkrIakTQ58zbSWKyqyqTTy6uVSaBeWMJHY/s320/IMG0070A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz46M1sw1fXwcbrOd4qC56jLL9zU4B1McdkXwkXudEZqt5gCgBnWz3Rl-iizGyAIs0eb20mBaPNOL-ANteaA8mRvKDh1eugu0LP1pJ6UbFxJeJ0Y5n0UjfdrR8aemy11xbyZprWVpqzZk/s1600/IMG0071A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz46M1sw1fXwcbrOd4qC56jLL9zU4B1McdkXwkXudEZqt5gCgBnWz3Rl-iizGyAIs0eb20mBaPNOL-ANteaA8mRvKDh1eugu0LP1pJ6UbFxJeJ0Y5n0UjfdrR8aemy11xbyZprWVpqzZk/s320/IMG0071A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcNCEb3VKGTGdsExk1ij6yw7mvonBgpX0bvQMTDcaDR5PZ1XeUw2Y1H7GYRdlRPua7bLl3rV0ff3lcb-q4MxqeP29uvDSdn0JL681SR82WAmnOAE4gFqi77JUHwhixjKCD23nzKXjMdGM/s1600/IMG0072A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcNCEb3VKGTGdsExk1ij6yw7mvonBgpX0bvQMTDcaDR5PZ1XeUw2Y1H7GYRdlRPua7bLl3rV0ff3lcb-q4MxqeP29uvDSdn0JL681SR82WAmnOAE4gFqi77JUHwhixjKCD23nzKXjMdGM/s320/IMG0072A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHhwpVV7YRK1kTJQK3CJYjHjLwkXp2scl0gamAgHqDWOID4GaPpL_Dbaha4wuCxgGrgsTdryvj4ou4Y8_hUX6qVVlSwMlVHX5WQdCgbrOl-vFVLmDgajiHJ4baYlvbxUnpHtpDYH_lEZY/s1600/IMG0073A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHhwpVV7YRK1kTJQK3CJYjHjLwkXp2scl0gamAgHqDWOID4GaPpL_Dbaha4wuCxgGrgsTdryvj4ou4Y8_hUX6qVVlSwMlVHX5WQdCgbrOl-vFVLmDgajiHJ4baYlvbxUnpHtpDYH_lEZY/s320/IMG0073A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIh8BWc-0L69NdcPPLTOS5B3cXyuzaVCm7WO_mUiWCBGarCjh4ZNvpmccx8cYUI0vLYJBJio-Tj0wOQh2heFd3-fl8e14Ei6cYB6x_86qzZYxn9G1HPRkiCojYO1Q2yOtvTOQegbGz8x8/s1600/IMG0074A.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIh8BWc-0L69NdcPPLTOS5B3cXyuzaVCm7WO_mUiWCBGarCjh4ZNvpmccx8cYUI0vLYJBJio-Tj0wOQh2heFd3-fl8e14Ei6cYB6x_86qzZYxn9G1HPRkiCojYO1Q2yOtvTOQegbGz8x8/s320/IMG0074A.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Observem a praticidade e a habilidade com que foram feitas a bancada e a fixação da fonte ATX, assim como os detalhes de marcação do chicote e cada conexão de tensão. Valeu a pena, Edson!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_GC-tKIApHxHqd9bzYDg9iCANFEiXQNjHhgyvHaNrjgwYNfkIEbN4G-unonuNRw48tGoAPeJM8lU9mOQV8SYp2neawZOqfKvfpEfpHmWAqLNL3Zg1mFlEIR4NBnOx7pGyYG1koDWNl1E/s1600/2014-09-21+07.15.33.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_GC-tKIApHxHqd9bzYDg9iCANFEiXQNjHhgyvHaNrjgwYNfkIEbN4G-unonuNRw48tGoAPeJM8lU9mOQV8SYp2neawZOqfKvfpEfpHmWAqLNL3Zg1mFlEIR4NBnOx7pGyYG1koDWNl1E/s1600/2014-09-21+07.15.33.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Vejam uma nova versão, que adaptei com um VU e coloquei apoios, ficando muito prática a fonte, aproveitei e dimensionei uma bancada no trabalho, reaproveitando elementos que seriam sucateados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Observem que os terras estão conectados à carcaça metálica da fonte, as tensões de 12, 5, -5, -12, 3,5V estão todas reunidas no cabo de saídas com as respectivas conexões.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Bom trabalho!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Abraços a todos!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: black;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#bancadaeletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#bancadaeletrônica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#laboratóriodeeletrônica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/7237101454946642082/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2012/07/bancada-eletro-eletronica-economica.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/7237101454946642082'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/7237101454946642082'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2012/07/bancada-eletro-eletronica-economica.html' title='Bancada eletro-eletrônica econômica'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYWNDyia8ACpKsO5pl3cP6Hrl94BHBGtPk-O0xqwz0IT6RJ1FDHsfO53jxRt-4_QGKoA8fOddqbBjZYD7zB5SEPo1PMRBd2ZPE4tulZrOBxweuAVxF7uIpPMBxR6MEiv2VzVrufoXheeDgNtNfxKNpf6FcUAVGVkzfm6MqeN41yzDxDtd1QLcZO6MuJ_8/s72-c/Bancada%20prof.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-8070943381662443879</id><published>2026-02-15T14:00:00.011-03:00</published><updated>2026-02-15T14:21:09.480-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Fonte simétrica variável prática e simples!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;Olá meus amigos, tenho um projeto simples e muito dinâmico de uma fonte variável simétrica que foi testada satisfatoriamente por mim e pode ser adaptada na fonte ATX, pra corrigir os níveis e tensão de saída. Ela se baseou em projetos antigos dos anos 80 e 90, citada por vários autores, no qual destaco o professor Newton C. Braga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;No esquema analisamos o circuito:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSU36AgFryiJ7laZQTmRSNFd-zSfpCXt-pNM8q6Kn2t1yLEXucmymm1MgRW9He2pLBsXPCNZLuTI8HgX_M69MECQ3vskLqgaRLFBt2e0b_2kYW4Nc2WA2Lz7er9bSwEj5fIPe1Y1bIDBI/s1600/Fonte+sim%C3%A9trica+vari%C3%A1vel.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;178&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSU36AgFryiJ7laZQTmRSNFd-zSfpCXt-pNM8q6Kn2t1yLEXucmymm1MgRW9He2pLBsXPCNZLuTI8HgX_M69MECQ3vskLqgaRLFBt2e0b_2kYW4Nc2WA2Lz7er9bSwEj5fIPe1Y1bIDBI/s320/Fonte+sim%C3%A9trica+vari%C3%A1vel.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Podemos indicar de imediato, que os transístores Q1 e Q2 são respectivamente os TIP 31 e 32, que permitem a corrente de trabalho IC de 1A. Os capacitores eletrolíticos foram dimensionados inicialmente em 220uF, podendo ter valores de até 1000uF, garantem boa filtragem, usem o valor de tensão de trabalho dos capacitores em 25 a 35 V. Os potenciômetros devem ser de 10k Ohms, lineares, obedecendo a configuração do circuito, onde R1 e R4, limitam as correntes dos zeners D2 e D3, que tem o valor de 13 V, e liberam a tensão que será variada nos potenciômetros e será entregue em VB, observem que os capacitores C2 e C4, não permitem que essa tensão zere.&amp;nbsp; As tensões de saída são sinalizadas pelos leds da configuração mostrada no circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;A retificação do circuito foi feita através de uma ponte de retificação de até 1 A, poderia ser feita por uma ponte de diodos 1N4004, que teria o mesmo resultado, observem também que o trafo a ser usado deve ter potência suficiente pra atender a corrente de saída desejada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Você pode usar várias configurações de proteção e dimensionamento do trafo, nesse projeto usei a mais simples; vejas as fotos abaixo da fonte, usei um trafo de 200 mA, para uma aplicação pequena, onde tenho as tensões de 12 e -12V variando simetricamente e com possibilidade de alimentar vários protótipos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHbP_hkRI1mik4GhIuWyTM6e4rFajRt-s7fZy8Ji-Zdpo60PFik0vh1yzaA79BQLU7lDLu4PyAB3GmjymYWbYm0qsHSeCLkGP53FGqqP1Lt1Sv2_xcioAYsIVOhWmSYVkpwlz6IgkR_gk/s1600/Fonte+12V+(2).jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1GUgon21cRh9u-J5pW9khEEiWBX96llRiZOZaMeaSJicfCjwy-ejb__cER_AjsynOoskZ-0gDai45NQmHrsrVD-3xUmkjmPQoJurBbKdo6LIgYGQbTjNrBCti4K4zLSQbaWaLJsw9H68/s1600/Fonte+12V+%25282%2529.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1GUgon21cRh9u-J5pW9khEEiWBX96llRiZOZaMeaSJicfCjwy-ejb__cER_AjsynOoskZ-0gDai45NQmHrsrVD-3xUmkjmPQoJurBbKdo6LIgYGQbTjNrBCti4K4zLSQbaWaLJsw9H68/s320/Fonte+12V+%25282%2529.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Usei uma caixa plástica, utilizada pra montar instrumentos, para montar o projeto, mas também poderia montar em caixas metálicas, apenas tomando o cuidado de considerar a dissipação dos transístores e a isolação elétrica dos mesmos, evitando curto-circuito.&amp;nbsp;Fiz o circuito impresso de forma manual, traçando com uma caneta especial, uma placa de cobre, de fibra, previamente preparada.&amp;nbsp;Essa caneta especial, pode ser aquela usada pra marcar CDs, com desempenho igual a esmalte de unha e ao outro tipo de caneta convencional pra esse trabalho. Vale a pena considerar o que é mais em conta e seguro pra se executar, poderia ser utilizada uma placa universal, o único inconveniente são as trilhas que teriam que ser soldadas, ou interligadas via wire-up ou jump.&lt;br /&gt;
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Na sequência, temos a foto com o detalhe construtivo da fonte e da inclusão dos elementos como a chave seletora de tensão e o fusível de proteção.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdd9MNy_U9rxrYovCKWSV_FE9LzaDKjbHx7gVRz2m82eC4PPeh3qG1a6zvL8NvG6qeXCP51r4MPbuXMqWM67VgUsP3ZXFvD76kP0MBCcb5KR2LUCoElxICaXvv4QOOKSpg-CxK8Z_Y6fY/s1600/Fonte+12V.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdd9MNy_U9rxrYovCKWSV_FE9LzaDKjbHx7gVRz2m82eC4PPeh3qG1a6zvL8NvG6qeXCP51r4MPbuXMqWM67VgUsP3ZXFvD76kP0MBCcb5KR2LUCoElxICaXvv4QOOKSpg-CxK8Z_Y6fY/s320/Fonte+12V.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0066cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;O detalhe da fonte montada, com a placa de circuito impresso da fonte, transformador, potenciômetros, leds e fusível, fica bem claro e explicado pra você, aí ao lado, veja a figura.&amp;nbsp; Essa ideia&amp;nbsp;pode ser adaptada na fonte ATX, aplicando a placa de circuito impresso, PCI, embutindo&amp;nbsp;internamente, claro que deve ser observado o consumo de até 1 A, correntes maiores exigirão transistores de maior capacidade.&amp;nbsp;A grande vantagem desse circuito é a portabilidade, o baixo custo de construção e a utilização rápida, precisa, que apoia&amp;nbsp;a maioria das montagens e testes de protótipos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Uma nova versão&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiARi9d7HDzIgo5XUAyJMA-jxDILB-caOcslCuaRRRHhHZ-CuleEkGfGQuUErUsbu-0NGv4c5URgkDPkZgrF4lqoV0p6CXO5M1H65U7RHi3XvWhGk_-froDVaFljfXbGb0NKcdOGADzzoY/s1600/20150406_143252.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiARi9d7HDzIgo5XUAyJMA-jxDILB-caOcslCuaRRRHhHZ-CuleEkGfGQuUErUsbu-0NGv4c5URgkDPkZgrF4lqoV0p6CXO5M1H65U7RHi3XvWhGk_-froDVaFljfXbGb0NKcdOGADzzoY/s1600/20150406_143252.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
Pessoal, fiz uma nova versão que respeitou uma divisão, semelhantes aos canais de amplificadores, inovei aproveitando de sucata, os capacitores de entrada, e os dissipadores dos transistores, onde serrei o que tinha na sucata e adaptei criando um modelo garfo, igual a um tridente, ficou muito funcional, outros detalhes confiram na figura ao lado, à esquerda. Observem que a montagem foi feita em placa universal e foi usado conectores pra deixar bem prático, a montagem. Dúvidas pra montar? Vejam a figura acima, está bem claro as ligações e teste a eficácia dos potenciômetros, eles devem variar de zero ao máximo, lembrando que a tensão mínima estará por volta de 1,2V e vai até 12V aproximado para cada parte.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;Botões do potenciômetro (02), veja figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Caixa plástica padrão pra montagem, veja figura.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Conectores jack (03), para conexão das pontas de prova, veja figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C1,C3,C5,C6 - Capacitor eletrolítico polarizado de 220uF/25V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C2,C4 - Capacitor cerâmico de 100nF/250V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;D1 - Ponte retificadora, 1B4B42, veja texto e figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;D2 e D3 - Diodo zener de 13V/1W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Led1 e Led2 - Leds verde e vermelho, tamanho médio, veja figuras e texto.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Porta fusíveis pequeno de 0,5 A.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1,R4 - 330 Ohm/1W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R2,R5 - Potenciômetro de 10k linear.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R7,R8 - Resistor de 1k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Q1 - Transístor Darlington NPN TIP31.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Q2 - Transístor Darlington PNP TP32.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;T1 - Transformador de 110/220V/12+12V/60Hz, 1 A, 24W.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaGE6BVrX5e9jmxRAT_TEJH8-aUrVdHOBJbRjSvZs0fDTasnpJqSUhp8nRj4EYX6GmFzXJRC101Cu7L3LBmpIr_FuCIeXe58QUSaAWcEBidrpG-neqdZVWGYUQ-qQkzloRNjOhFl1v8VpGiHQav9bwoAYLaRg_qzAyiQFjFarrmlXUWWRV0kS96rd5/s866/Fonte%20sim%C3%A9trica%20vari%C3%A1vel%20esquema.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;392&quot; data-original-width=&quot;866&quot; height=&quot;145&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaGE6BVrX5e9jmxRAT_TEJH8-aUrVdHOBJbRjSvZs0fDTasnpJqSUhp8nRj4EYX6GmFzXJRC101Cu7L3LBmpIr_FuCIeXe58QUSaAWcEBidrpG-neqdZVWGYUQ-qQkzloRNjOhFl1v8VpGiHQav9bwoAYLaRg_qzAyiQFjFarrmlXUWWRV0kS96rd5/s320/Fonte%20sim%C3%A9trica%20vari%C3%A1vel%20esquema.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Fiz um novo esquema usando a mais nova versão do Eagle e produzi um diagrama e PCB, no estado da arte e praticamente tem todos os componentes do circuito inicial, dando uma opção bem ampla pra você montar esse circuito, que é extremamente prático e funcional.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Confiram o diagrama, observem que usei os diodos 1N4004 na ponte retificadora e conforme dito antes, posso substituir por uma ponte de 1 A, sendo acrescentados os conectores de 1 a 4, que alimentam o circuito, conexões de potenciômetros e saída DC. Nada impediria a modificação para correntes maiores, entretanto teríamos que substituir os diodos da ponte e transístores para a corrente desejada e o transformador seria maior, exigindo uma caixa maior pra montar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqPPzohhp-qG-EBjwJGQVLIjx9oHxb8tZcndZGCL9uxgCV53X16jCmXj4O8HAjkOwP-n3daQXdzx-KfyQbCi4o-_AMYQFmuUwDTcprPNym66lYt_ZwBpvuBcoNBGCXYWJ68SSzYFGpfvKOU-7KBl7OVzjlMYcSi3410W7KC7zp9xQVA35r-IcSKl47/s594/Fonte%20sim%C3%A9trica%20vari%C3%A1vel%20PCB.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;469&quot; data-original-width=&quot;594&quot; height=&quot;253&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqPPzohhp-qG-EBjwJGQVLIjx9oHxb8tZcndZGCL9uxgCV53X16jCmXj4O8HAjkOwP-n3daQXdzx-KfyQbCi4o-_AMYQFmuUwDTcprPNym66lYt_ZwBpvuBcoNBGCXYWJ68SSzYFGpfvKOU-7KBl7OVzjlMYcSi3410W7KC7zp9xQVA35r-IcSKl47/s320/Fonte%20sim%C3%A9trica%20vari%C3%A1vel%20PCB.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;O PCB completo detalha a distribuição dos componentes e ligação das conexões, assim como a fixação dos transístores em radiadores de calor adequados, como descrevi acima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Placas para a versão nova:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lay out, top side, lado dos componentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj5eyqNu29vh0ikDtln59cOw9L2MhG1iR3Kuvzn2mh30DTTJfu9q39m13I7H5VSYSvIY4Hx-Yhe8Pk5eyN8D1Z554bJcivZCgrL2lspmwbSMm1eVvwlQLqfVQA_B5gPuweJ_wjgCi1TcLV9ijGDvIQ8CMKjwbwtr8T0HzZFqzgbouW3UHzK7Iy8ceW/s3000/Fonte%20sim%C3%A9trica%20vari%C3%A1vel%20top.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj5eyqNu29vh0ikDtln59cOw9L2MhG1iR3Kuvzn2mh30DTTJfu9q39m13I7H5VSYSvIY4Hx-Yhe8Pk5eyN8D1Z554bJcivZCgrL2lspmwbSMm1eVvwlQLqfVQA_B5gPuweJ_wjgCi1TcLV9ijGDvIQ8CMKjwbwtr8T0HzZFqzgbouW3UHzK7Iy8ceW/s320/Fonte%20sim%C3%A9trica%20vari%C3%A1vel%20top.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lay-out, bottom side, lado da solda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxzmf_W8h2qNvDD2-ukBz9yg6Qq4lmCkWOsSMSIDcpOSetkEinFfY49KcQM9GQ46LLL4cw9O8hJKgQ0-l3HXxrzOjiBBr-iO0EBEeaVADjUcSjR0-PKnPz8AElZoJ1zJlnkdHmX5ZrDw58VdAGc6xUEoGA0f5_KiMrq4FVO--KR86BzwY5wtatd_h_/s3000/Fonte%20sim%C3%A9trica%20vari%C3%A1vel%20botton.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxzmf_W8h2qNvDD2-ukBz9yg6Qq4lmCkWOsSMSIDcpOSetkEinFfY49KcQM9GQ46LLL4cw9O8hJKgQ0-l3HXxrzOjiBBr-iO0EBEeaVADjUcSjR0-PKnPz8AElZoJ1zJlnkdHmX5ZrDw58VdAGc6xUEoGA0f5_KiMrq4FVO--KR86BzwY5wtatd_h_/s320/Fonte%20sim%C3%A9trica%20vari%C3%A1vel%20botton.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Boa prática!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#fontesdetensãocontínua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#powersuplies&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/8070943381662443879/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/12/fonte-simetrica-variavel.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/8070943381662443879'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/8070943381662443879'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/12/fonte-simetrica-variavel.html' title='Fonte simétrica variável prática e simples!'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSU36AgFryiJ7laZQTmRSNFd-zSfpCXt-pNM8q6Kn2t1yLEXucmymm1MgRW9He2pLBsXPCNZLuTI8HgX_M69MECQ3vskLqgaRLFBt2e0b_2kYW4Nc2WA2Lz7er9bSwEj5fIPe1Y1bIDBI/s72-c/Fonte+sim%C3%A9trica+vari%C3%A1vel.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-78061253662640098</id><published>2025-12-26T13:00:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T13:28:29.548-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Robótica: Arduíno, programação em blocos e exemplo de semáforo.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Oswald;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Olá, pessoas, inspirado pelas minhas aulas de robótica, resolvi criar uma postagem dedicada sobre o assunto, de forma, que uso o Arduíno Nano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Oswald;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Oswald;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifsY36JEVo5_np6T5voXiZqXPr1K8BKjBGKzJU61io0xmOYhmevGrkEiZa70272AZFRPcrkWU-zbRwhd2OhRQk7qzmQPf7JANEIhNdshG0fL8QSF2vpZB3X7-m7tV6sIM0SXS-xrpV-BKW55dDkyRorSOGTgBq9nTh2v8BuEpcXSEeE6Hzl8TO7QYDfxc/s584/Ardu%C3%ADno%20nano.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;423&quot; data-original-width=&quot;584&quot; height=&quot;232&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifsY36JEVo5_np6T5voXiZqXPr1K8BKjBGKzJU61io0xmOYhmevGrkEiZa70272AZFRPcrkWU-zbRwhd2OhRQk7qzmQPf7JANEIhNdshG0fL8QSF2vpZB3X7-m7tV6sIM0SXS-xrpV-BKW55dDkyRorSOGTgBq9nTh2v8BuEpcXSEeE6Hzl8TO7QYDfxc/s320/Ardu%C3%ADno%20nano.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-variation-settings); font-weight: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-weight); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;Arduino Nano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;é uma versão compacta e completa da famosa placa de desenvolvimento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-variation-settings); font-weight: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-weight); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;Arduino&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;. Ele oferece funcionalidades semelhantes ao&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-variation-settings); font-weight: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-weight); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;Arduino UNO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;, mas em um tamanho menor, tornando-o ideal para prototipagem rápida e projetos incorporados. Aqui estão algumas características importantes do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-variation-settings); font-weight: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-weight); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;Arduino Nano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-size: 14px; gap: 12px; margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding-inline-start: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-variation-settings); font-weight: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-weight); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;Microcontrolador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding-inline-start: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;Arduino Nano&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;utiliza o microprocessador&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;ATmega328&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Ele funciona a uma frequência de&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;16 MHz&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;A memória flash varia entre&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;16 KB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;32 KB&lt;/strong&gt;, dependendo da versão (2 KB são usados para o bootloader).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Possui&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;1 KB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;2 KB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de memória SRAM e&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;512 bytes&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;1 KB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de EEPROM, dependendo do microcontrolador.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-variation-settings); font-weight: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-weight); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;Alimentação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding-inline-start: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;A tensão de alimentação é de&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;5V&lt;/strong&gt;, mas a tensão de entrada pode variar de&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;7V a 12V&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-variation-settings); font-weight: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-weight); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;Pinagem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding-inline-start: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Possui&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;14 pinos digitais&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;8 pinos analógicos&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;2 pinos de reset&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;6 pinos de alimentação&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Vcc e GND).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;tooltip-target&quot; data-citationid=&quot;b08d9751-86e8-aae2-a2da-6e6235ae8c3b-44-group&quot; h=&quot;ID=SERP,5043.1&quot; href=&quot;https://www.aranacorp.com/pt/visao-geral-do-microcontrolador-arduino-nano/&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; position: relative; text-decoration-color: var(--cib-color-foreground-neutral-tertiary); text-decoration-style: dotted; text-underline-offset: 3px;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Além disso, alguns pinos analógicos e digitais têm funções extras, como&amp;nbsp;&lt;code style=&quot;background: var(--cib-color-syntax-background-surface); border-radius: var(--cib-border-radius-medium); border: 1px solid var(--cib-color-stroke-neutral-primary); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 0px 2px; padding: 1px 4px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;pinMode()&lt;/code&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;code style=&quot;background: var(--cib-color-syntax-background-surface); border-radius: var(--cib-border-radius-medium); border: 1px solid var(--cib-color-stroke-neutral-primary); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 0px 2px; padding: 1px 4px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;digitalWrite()&lt;/code&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;code style=&quot;background: var(--cib-color-syntax-background-surface); border-radius: var(--cib-border-radius-medium); border: 1px solid var(--cib-color-stroke-neutral-primary); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 0px 2px; padding: 1px 4px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;analogRead()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a aria-label=&quot;1: analogRead()&quot; class=&quot;ac-anchor sup-target&quot; data-citationid=&quot;b08d9751-86e8-aae2-a2da-6e6235ae8c3b-44&quot; h=&quot;ID=SERP,5043.1&quot; href=&quot;https://www.aranacorp.com/pt/visao-geral-do-microcontrolador-arduino-nano/&quot; style=&quot;position: relative;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation-sup&quot; color=&quot;var(--cib-color-foreground-accent-primary)&quot; style=&quot;align-items: center; background: var(--cib-color-fill-subtle-secondary); border-radius: var(--cib-border-radius-medium); border: 1px solid var(--cib-color-stroke-neutral-secondary); display: inline-flex; font-size: var(--cib-type-caption1-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-caption1-font-variation-settings); font-weight: var(--cib-type-caption1-font-weight); height: 14px; justify-content: center; line-height: var(--cib-type-caption1-line-height); margin: 0px 2px; min-width: 14px; outline: transparent solid 1px; position: relative; text-decoration-color: transparent; top: 4px; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px; font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-variation-settings); font-weight: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-weight); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;Arduino Nano&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;é uma excelente escolha para projetos em que o tamanho e o consumo de energia são importantes. Ele pode ser programado usando o mesmo&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-size); font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-variation-settings); font-weight: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-font-weight); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-strong-line-height);&quot;&gt;Arduino IDE&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;que outras placas Arduino.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px; font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Para a programação desse controlador de uma maneira prática, rápida e didática, podemos usar o sistema de blocos, semelhantes a tijolos que se encaixam e formam uma coluna ou parede.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px; font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Explorarei aqui uma dessas programações numa imagem explorando o Semáforo e um kit montado pra isso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px; font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_ae63ZsTkaM3rUANsz1pQMnr5aU5577qfRI1dBjy-MIA46RfldVX__1dUrMVecRsMmn8vlZnY7Bf8gr82QTRTo_3CIGTj8YEejtWD8v70qdK4BixpD6WJrGY3ZST2x6lOpha1I-mNYlvvJonX2pVNAR0pq0CFW2wNsn3LfDpqLKNnTjEb4_eOWK77aEE/s1259/Sem%C3%A1foro%20e%20RGB.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;709&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1259&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_ae63ZsTkaM3rUANsz1pQMnr5aU5577qfRI1dBjy-MIA46RfldVX__1dUrMVecRsMmn8vlZnY7Bf8gr82QTRTo_3CIGTj8YEejtWD8v70qdK4BixpD6WJrGY3ZST2x6lOpha1I-mNYlvvJonX2pVNAR0pq0CFW2wNsn3LfDpqLKNnTjEb4_eOWK77aEE/s320/Sem%C3%A1foro%20e%20RGB.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;Usei o Pictoblox, um software free genial que permite o uso de blocos e que converte essa linguagem para o C++ usado no Arduino Nano e que vale a pena explorar e aprender a usar! Postarei alguns artigos em breve indicando ou mostrando alguns projetos feitos com ele e mais detalhes para montar os blocos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px; font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-W42j1mInDnYdn1TalPDgRBci1jxizZJgTZy31QbULIUlbBpTSjv4vShYbHQ5erxv4nCFe6JBRcnoxcKidCHNPnvIfFkDf1Ps_-6jK7ZtCn4khLDDj4Ihyphenhyphen_q6JSxYprs4Pg0k2F6dV_gU_WkKz1Och1y8JzrF7jARoch_RtYL2oKQodaC5Qf3gz0KLK0/s700/Arduino%20com%20sinaleira.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;359&quot; data-original-width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;164&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-W42j1mInDnYdn1TalPDgRBci1jxizZJgTZy31QbULIUlbBpTSjv4vShYbHQ5erxv4nCFe6JBRcnoxcKidCHNPnvIfFkDf1Ps_-6jK7ZtCn4khLDDj4Ihyphenhyphen_q6JSxYprs4Pg0k2F6dV_gU_WkKz1Och1y8JzrF7jARoch_RtYL2oKQodaC5Qf3gz0KLK0/s320/Arduino%20com%20sinaleira.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lista de Materiais utilizados:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 Arduino Nano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 Led Verde de 5mm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 Led Vermelho de 5mm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;6 Resistores de 220 Ohm, 1/8W.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 LED RGB com Anodo Comum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Fios para conexão conforme figura ao lado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Matriz de Contato.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Na programação executada na figura acima, posso variar o tempo em 0.1 a 30 segundos que o padrão de semáforo, fora isso pode ser criado um giroflex com os leds. O led RGB acenderá em sequência, podendo ter combinações de cores e seguirá a programação executada pelo bloco anterior, observem a figura. Para conectar as saídas do Arduino Nano aos Leds, observem os números na figura e na descrição do Arduino acima e ao lado, verão as saídas Digitais que vão de D2 a D13, com algumas particularidades, eu as utilizei na montagem, vejam vídeo abaixo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px; font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/jowxUVhDKOw&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;jowxUVhDKOw&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px; font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Nesse processo foi feito apenas com 3 leds, simulando o semáforo, não incluí o led RGB, no vídeo abaixo dou um detalhe maior do processo com o Pictoblox e a programação da placa do Arduino Nano com o semáforo e RGB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #2b2b2b; color: white; font-size: 14px; font-variation-settings: var(--cib-type-body1-font-variation-settings); line-height: var(--cib-type-body1-line-height); margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/rdMcYXkfnio&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;rdMcYXkfnio&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Dúvidas, poste perguntas aqui ou no nosso canal do YouTube, Guru Eletrônico, curtam os vídeos e posts e se inscrevam nos canais! Valeu pessoas, tdb!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletrônicaindustrial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletrônica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#arduino&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#robótica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; 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style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU9q5GKDk7__jJDZUwjM2K0r7jb1bqYi0lK2ZpZyL43yJkx150RJiazwAYvKFtWL0D4_o3f-DErpXC0qYrbPDFm62MK2IcNhFMoUW7nV_Zn7IxvpQQUekh11ESSKEc_tvJEJyoHvhEVGcPNwPYCqLVUCfegHTlhbu-wmZeib7G6yiAEqR0bq5QBpVvwOc/s1345/Telas%20do%20programa%20picto%20(1).png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;600&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1345&quot; height=&quot;143&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU9q5GKDk7__jJDZUwjM2K0r7jb1bqYi0lK2ZpZyL43yJkx150RJiazwAYvKFtWL0D4_o3f-DErpXC0qYrbPDFm62MK2IcNhFMoUW7nV_Zn7IxvpQQUekh11ESSKEc_tvJEJyoHvhEVGcPNwPYCqLVUCfegHTlhbu-wmZeib7G6yiAEqR0bq5QBpVvwOc/s320/Telas%20do%20programa%20picto%20(1).png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Olá, pessoas, estou levando pra vocês um jogo bem simples de fazer e programar usando&lt;b&gt; os blocos do Pictoblox, versão 8.0.1&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1-Começando a programar&lt;/b&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Olhe na figura ao lado, temos o &lt;b&gt;Ator escolhido&lt;/b&gt;, ele é padrão no programa e é chamado Tobi, usaremos essa seleção apresentada, claro que outros &lt;b&gt;atores&lt;/b&gt; podem selecionados, mas isso ficará para depois, nesse ator é que serão programados os blocos que compõem os códigos do programa, então, eles terão ser inseridos num cenário, que corresponde a essa figura do labirinto amarelo, esse cenário deve ser buscado selecionando a &lt;b&gt;aba Cenário &lt;/b&gt;que fica no canto superior esquerdo, &lt;b&gt;observe a figura,&lt;/b&gt; lá tem um botão com uma &lt;b&gt;figura de foto com um sinal de +,&lt;/b&gt; apertando nela, dará uma lista de cenários, aí basta escolher e está pronto. Algo semelhante acontece para escolher o ator, mudando a aba para Ator e apertando no botão para escolher atores. Lembrando que o programa é feito na seleção do&lt;b&gt; Ator&lt;/b&gt;, ele é &lt;b&gt;apertado no cenário&lt;/b&gt;, observe a &lt;b&gt;figura&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9k4lEyHetVP8tbd9Rp5ayvfDVvSRNqklXAFmwzESx3yIFF9kXleeaVyQrq2LC5rYIVbRg_DkJj6zGV4hQrp8DK2MB8ST9xWdikQrj91A7PSOb79BmdNQwJJzfMRIBi0PjH0qbYKtanQCgUOjOp6rjEEzFZACEWh5orcrtaJQ66raP3u_aqzVAWOcyNgQ/s1289/Telas%20do%20programa%20picto%20(2).png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;571&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1289&quot; height=&quot;142&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9k4lEyHetVP8tbd9Rp5ayvfDVvSRNqklXAFmwzESx3yIFF9kXleeaVyQrq2LC5rYIVbRg_DkJj6zGV4hQrp8DK2MB8ST9xWdikQrj91A7PSOb79BmdNQwJJzfMRIBi0PjH0qbYKtanQCgUOjOp6rjEEzFZACEWh5orcrtaJQ66raP3u_aqzVAWOcyNgQ/s320/Telas%20do%20programa%20picto%20(2).png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;2- Escrevendo o programa&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O programa sempre obedece a uma ordem de cima para baixo, observe a &lt;b&gt;figura do lado esquerdo&lt;/b&gt;, selecione os blocos e monte &lt;b&gt;exatamente essas pilhas com as informações escritas nelas,&lt;/b&gt; sempre começa a funcionar quando a &lt;b&gt;bandeira verde é clicada&lt;/b&gt;, olhe o cenário, no canto superior esquerdo, vc verá a &lt;b&gt;bandeira verde e o círculo vermelho,&lt;/b&gt; no verde &lt;b&gt;inicia&lt;/b&gt; o programa e no vermelho, ele é &lt;b&gt;parado.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Outra coisa a dizer, é que deve ser &lt;b&gt;selecionado primeiro a placa do Arduino&lt;/b&gt;, no nosso caso foi o &lt;b&gt;Nano&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;conectar a placa (numa entrada USB do seu micro)&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;escrever o código montando os blocos&lt;/b&gt; e &lt;b&gt;transferir o programa todo depois de escrever ele&lt;/b&gt;, apertando&lt;b&gt; &quot;Carregar Firmware&quot;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Escreverei essa etapa na sequência.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O &lt;b&gt;segundo bloco&lt;/b&gt;, mostra a posição inicial do Tobi no cenário.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;No terceiro bloco, limitaremos o Tobi ao&lt;b&gt; tamanho de 40%&lt;/b&gt;. Aí na sequência, encontramos os blocos de &lt;b&gt;controle: sempre, se e então&lt;/b&gt;, teremos a leitura das &lt;b&gt;variáveis&lt;/b&gt; em &lt;b&gt;A1 e A0&lt;/b&gt;, que são&lt;b&gt; entradas/saídas analógicas&lt;/b&gt; do Arduino Nano, será definido em A0, &lt;b&gt;a variação de movimento horizontal, eixo x&lt;/b&gt; e em A1,&lt;b&gt; o mesmo para o movimento vertical, eixo y&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV2AzCTJUdmAHtJunkV5yAYOTZ7jFtUCZe8-2rS_mJVmsPG70As04Ba1wLFXoIUrA5Ba8Z9H_KSeoDTYFu5qfhQkhCyIewEe0_Y25sBzhhirAL783N-EhR3hJKEEkh0VP4VTJzV-ZsDFJ7NVNLp2FBv26D6-_PB0zw-znWZS1b_ceUcDrYLPnSniJeNbM/s584/Ardu%C3%ADno%20nano.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;423&quot; data-original-width=&quot;584&quot; height=&quot;232&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV2AzCTJUdmAHtJunkV5yAYOTZ7jFtUCZe8-2rS_mJVmsPG70As04Ba1wLFXoIUrA5Ba8Z9H_KSeoDTYFu5qfhQkhCyIewEe0_Y25sBzhhirAL783N-EhR3hJKEEkh0VP4VTJzV-ZsDFJ7NVNLp2FBv26D6-_PB0zw-znWZS1b_ceUcDrYLPnSniJeNbM/s320/Ardu%C3%ADno%20nano.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Observe na &lt;b&gt;figura da esquerda&lt;/b&gt;, o detalhe para conectar o joystick do Arduino, &lt;b&gt;o pino VRx, é conectado em A0, VRy em A1, isso dará um movimento perfeito, senão haverá inversão do sentido de movimento do Tobi no Cenário.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O pino +5 V é conectado aos +5 V do Arduino e o GND, ao GND do Arduino&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O GND é a terra do circuito, +5V, a tensão padrão de alimentação de qualquer Arduino, inclusive o Nano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;A montagem é bem prática, &lt;b&gt;basta inserir o Arduino Nano num protoboard e espetar os fios do joystick nas posições correspondentes&lt;/b&gt;, veja a figura da montagem do Arduino Nano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPuK5tN1WrhK2eU84HsQrkooDmRQ8Cxu5NaygkOEQ29E29XRaMBzwYI9qNW_2aS1nPaK14da_q_rEij09TmiPVftFq1bf4G5UbvrHGi_OSfk59sp-exsSYYCLk_02W33DTsK7t8AvCNQ_CV7BhYCNehwhKRly2BrYJquTTjnOkpOA6zHnIT8a3j93HZDM/s1294/Telas%20do%20programa%20picto%20(3).png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;605&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1294&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPuK5tN1WrhK2eU84HsQrkooDmRQ8Cxu5NaygkOEQ29E29XRaMBzwYI9qNW_2aS1nPaK14da_q_rEij09TmiPVftFq1bf4G5UbvrHGi_OSfk59sp-exsSYYCLk_02W33DTsK7t8AvCNQ_CV7BhYCNehwhKRly2BrYJquTTjnOkpOA6zHnIT8a3j93HZDM/s320/Telas%20do%20programa%20picto%20(3).png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;3- Fazendo os sensores do programa&lt;/b&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Os sensores &lt;b&gt;são as cores das extremidades do Tobi (Ator) e as paredes e limites do Cenário&lt;/b&gt;, no caso, o labirinto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Para fazer isso é fácil, &lt;b&gt;monte os blocos como indicado na figura e a sequência das cores sempre é do Tobi, pro Cenário;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;o Tobi tem &lt;b&gt;cor bege &lt;/b&gt;e o Cenário, &lt;b&gt;cores pretas, das paredes e bordas, e a maçã tem cor vermelha&lt;/b&gt;, o macete pra acertar isso é &lt;b&gt;posicionar o mouse em cima de cada círculo de cor do bloco&lt;/b&gt;, escolher &lt;b&gt;o conta gotas&lt;/b&gt;, ir no &lt;b&gt;Tobi&lt;/b&gt; e no &lt;b&gt;Cenário&lt;/b&gt; para &lt;b&gt;selecionar as cores das extremidades deles&lt;/b&gt;, e o&lt;b&gt; círculo do bloco&lt;/b&gt; assumirá essa cor, ficando igual ao mostrado na&lt;b&gt; figura direita acima&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;4- Detalhes de seleção da placa do Arduino Nano&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqcFoE9mDF9onCWhk_UtKjszj20gOkcd6atoSa0HKn1EuefzbWl4rCeBppw7soSCP83MxAm7Y0PlszLu6IIzv2K9KxNlAIMFsKvJLupyfDqm1RIJpIBH6a9_EJ-rjKA91A9KOn2VVrgrSBs7LE1rnAgE4VJK1OFnNmgl2AF-xXLXml-rl0nBLS83u4EI8/s1360/Selecionando%20o%20Nano%20(2).png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;721&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1360&quot; height=&quot;170&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqcFoE9mDF9onCWhk_UtKjszj20gOkcd6atoSa0HKn1EuefzbWl4rCeBppw7soSCP83MxAm7Y0PlszLu6IIzv2K9KxNlAIMFsKvJLupyfDqm1RIJpIBH6a9_EJ-rjKA91A9KOn2VVrgrSBs7LE1rnAgE4VJK1OFnNmgl2AF-xXLXml-rl0nBLS83u4EI8/s320/Selecionando%20o%20Nano%20(2).png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Vá no canto &lt;b&gt;superior esquerdo da tela&lt;/b&gt; e selecione &lt;b&gt;Placa&lt;/b&gt;, em seguida, ela abrirá essa tela onde irá ser selecionado o Arduino Nano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWoZ7SpL3c9X8NGXwP9GqIbHYvNAyJhqcOXCOk8hJWZ522jHbDu79B9gXqP8NPp4V2fqKb0k1qpSH0K4sdj49HbEe5kBsXbXJWrQtLNkl5-q_Qb1YjQfqPXtU0e_irPULfWyVCxxLWm5xeTK1RfCaTH1i3cgsgKFViAeLXTpzq0G9DnroQSL2sJBXdEUE/s1365/Selecionando%20o%20Nano%20(1).png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;589&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1365&quot; height=&quot;138&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWoZ7SpL3c9X8NGXwP9GqIbHYvNAyJhqcOXCOk8hJWZ522jHbDu79B9gXqP8NPp4V2fqKb0k1qpSH0K4sdj49HbEe5kBsXbXJWrQtLNkl5-q_Qb1YjQfqPXtU0e_irPULfWyVCxxLWm5xeTK1RfCaTH1i3cgsgKFViAeLXTpzq0G9DnroQSL2sJBXdEUE/s320/Selecionando%20o%20Nano%20(1).png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Conecte o &lt;b&gt;Arduino Nano na USB do micro&lt;/b&gt;, a&lt;b&gt; USB vai alimentar o circuito do hardware do Arduino e o joystick,&lt;/b&gt; observe que você terá a &lt;b&gt;sinalização da porta seria&lt;/b&gt;l para conectar, a configuração será igual ao da figura à direita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrQsnXcFv9t4W9rU1VnSQcUsOAJPcEapdwumv2QcPzdwOApdFRb9rWjzLojbthJB8y6lGv8ccinbJUrdFamHAkPcdaBWBw9qdJ1UI8s7m2QOzh_yX9gFPg-nCckaT4bDtUscsRX1W16OyRrIh03lLNCrrYsEuTXQ4vB5Qx__9TEs-gz3NiVusAosa4kng/s1355/Selecionando%20o%20Nano%20(3).png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;691&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1355&quot; height=&quot;163&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrQsnXcFv9t4W9rU1VnSQcUsOAJPcEapdwumv2QcPzdwOApdFRb9rWjzLojbthJB8y6lGv8ccinbJUrdFamHAkPcdaBWBw9qdJ1UI8s7m2QOzh_yX9gFPg-nCckaT4bDtUscsRX1W16OyRrIh03lLNCrrYsEuTXQ4vB5Qx__9TEs-gz3NiVusAosa4kng/s320/Selecionando%20o%20Nano%20(3).png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Na figura da direita, temos a janela com a &lt;b&gt;porta serial disponível conectada e a placa sinalizada como on&lt;/b&gt;, a partir daí, é escrever os blocos do programa e mandar gravar no Arduino.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTk9Lkpo8rxp8fPSyQnibgYI6AoVJM5flhxsP_bfcXw6ghOhPGxqo66OjY75xMdOT9vDenHDG05G0O7xpTS_5csD-pGKWp55cnEclwsO5BM5dy6JudCQ_aBf3RkvaqasxpsmfDk5zYLVledalM48z4fDB0hQ3dQUBlmGHD-j2c4hXOo2o0eQLb5em1icI/s1121/Captura%20de%20tela%202025-11-17%20193536.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;582&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1121&quot; height=&quot;166&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTk9Lkpo8rxp8fPSyQnibgYI6AoVJM5flhxsP_bfcXw6ghOhPGxqo66OjY75xMdOT9vDenHDG05G0O7xpTS_5csD-pGKWp55cnEclwsO5BM5dy6JudCQ_aBf3RkvaqasxpsmfDk5zYLVledalM48z4fDB0hQ3dQUBlmGHD-j2c4hXOo2o0eQLb5em1icI/s320/Captura%20de%20tela%202025-11-17%20193536.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Nesse caso temos a gravação do programa no Arduino, onde&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;transferimos o programa todo depois de escrever ele&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;, apertando&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&quot;Carregar Firmware&quot;, esse botão está no canto superior esquerdo do Cenário, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;confiram lá. Haverá uma mensagem dizendo que a transferência foi ok.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkkqLyYUul9IWUz5B33wzhGPH14Qzdsv89_nn4jme66t7Wse4baKbHpGG7e7pE-RVF7liITIFUaERdINiM3VIXE8LZsAQ9-yjId8uBKq2rnx3Bej7DRk5Mt0_OjAsa-fFP8dfUYzQ8JoR7r6QSMhie5Atw_CtpdM7wbMFcRla3OOzOWVhWYKDI7BN6OSo/s4064/detalhes%20da%20conex%C3%A3o%20Arduino%20Nano%20e%20Joystick~2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;3048&quot; data-original-width=&quot;4064&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkkqLyYUul9IWUz5B33wzhGPH14Qzdsv89_nn4jme66t7Wse4baKbHpGG7e7pE-RVF7liITIFUaERdINiM3VIXE8LZsAQ9-yjId8uBKq2rnx3Bej7DRk5Mt0_OjAsa-fFP8dfUYzQ8JoR7r6QSMhie5Atw_CtpdM7wbMFcRla3OOzOWVhWYKDI7BN6OSo/s320/detalhes%20da%20conex%C3%A3o%20Arduino%20Nano%20e%20Joystick~2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;5- Detalhes da Montagem no protoboard&lt;/b&gt;:&amp;nbsp; Na foto é mostrada a ligação do Arduino Nano na matriz de contato (protoboard) e a ligação do Joystick conforme descrito anteriormente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Para conectar o joystick,&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;o pino VRx, é conectado em A0, VRy em A1, isso dará um movimento perfeito, senão haverá inversão do sentido de movimento do Tobi no Cenário.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O pino +5 V é conectado aos +5 V do Arduino e o GND, ao GND do Arduino&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O GND é a terra do circuito, +5V, a tensão padrão de alimentação de qualquer Arduino, inclusive o Nano, veja figura à esquerda e a anterior que descreve detalhes do Arduino.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3n_cEwvpgqQFaWisTFMTJquqlDSkXFZxikknpWpwD4aCMcNNbc1prf0GgNTb06dLtgUNBUAMT9YyzIUwCiQJ329mBpfKXTrE6kr-KbP-cfWeour6le86CaEh1MCaWjQSR7Wbh-aXyIIWetGsLn_8YLO8zfwMIsjSQxfojqdAeSGx64fWB9xdqaab7TS8/s4064/IMG_20251117_211618_201.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;3048&quot; data-original-width=&quot;4064&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3n_cEwvpgqQFaWisTFMTJquqlDSkXFZxikknpWpwD4aCMcNNbc1prf0GgNTb06dLtgUNBUAMT9YyzIUwCiQJ329mBpfKXTrE6kr-KbP-cfWeour6le86CaEh1MCaWjQSR7Wbh-aXyIIWetGsLn_8YLO8zfwMIsjSQxfojqdAeSGx64fWB9xdqaab7TS8/s320/IMG_20251117_211618_201.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;6- Experimentando o jogo&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Feito tudo certinho, agora é só clicar na bandeira &lt;b&gt;verde &lt;/b&gt;e percorrer o labirinto com o Tobi, porém se você tocar nas paredes ou laterais pretas, ele volta pro começo...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Assim que o Tobi toca na maçã ele mostra a mensagem: &lt;b&gt;&quot;Você ganhou!&quot;&lt;/b&gt;, quando ele está se deslocando, será comum ver o Tobi mostrar mensagem de números, eles são as &lt;b&gt;variáveis formadas pela movimentação do joystick&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Olha aí a figura ao lado direito mostrando a tela completa, com todos os elementos instalados e o jogo rodando, muito massa, no estado da arte!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;7- Links para baixar o Pictoblox&lt;/b&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://thestempedia.com/product/pictoblox/download-pictoblox/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Baixe o PictoBlox | Windows, MacOS, Linux, Chromebook, Android &amp;amp; iOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uqFsKVR7wYHCMmxhFqCBNdOYV8l5gtrn?usp=drive_link&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O último link é um arquivo para corrigir problemas de reconhecimento da placa Arduino Nano no Pictoblox.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Valeu pessoas, boas experiências, dúvidas, comentários, post aqui e no &lt;b&gt;nosso canal do YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/b&gt;, acompanhem a playlist &lt;b&gt;Robótica&lt;/b&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Confiram o vídeo com a experiência do jogo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/lY9Oo9Go6OY&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;lY9Oo9Go6OY&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletronicadigital&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#digitalelectronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#robotica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#arduinonano&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#pictoblox&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook! Guru Eletrônico!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/7449597926384638325/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2025/11/jogo-do-labirinto-usando-pictoblox-e.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/7449597926384638325'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/7449597926384638325'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2025/11/jogo-do-labirinto-usando-pictoblox-e.html' title='Robótica: Jogo do Labirinto usando Pictoblox e Arduino Nano.'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU9q5GKDk7__jJDZUwjM2K0r7jb1bqYi0lK2ZpZyL43yJkx150RJiazwAYvKFtWL0D4_o3f-DErpXC0qYrbPDFm62MK2IcNhFMoUW7nV_Zn7IxvpQQUekh11ESSKEc_tvJEJyoHvhEVGcPNwPYCqLVUCfegHTlhbu-wmZeib7G6yiAEqR0bq5QBpVvwOc/s72-c/Telas%20do%20programa%20picto%20(1).png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Primavera do Leste, MT, Brasil</georss:featurename><georss:point>-15.5570854 -54.2974513</georss:point><georss:box>-63.390563360845952 -124.6099513 32.276392560845956 16.015048700000015</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-6784872996874806022</id><published>2025-09-29T00:00:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2025-11-18T01:01:09.654-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Contador usando FF (flip-flop) tipo D, modo 4, 8 e década.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Olá pessoas, circuitos contadores digitais são um dos mais fascinantes que existem, desenvolvi um controle bem didático que pode ser usado com o 4013 e o 7474, ambos Flip-Flops tipo D, fiz uma correção no circuito original, pois era um registrador de deslocamento. A diferença está no relógio e na configuração de circuito, num contador, a saída Q é ligada ao CK (clock), já num registrador, Q é ligada em D e o clock é comum à todos os flip-flops.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2XKLFjWWSPpgv_BYxQRqJ7l5UGm4xJjq8rPVdt4m5SLB8LXHZRrlJ2cepvrr1Xx9nZRUgd9fEFrwh91_qZ8CqYk6WSC0GwKdjnYXCGwHAIiBwYn8QUOgtOFVRCSgAgPEf-mkUgTN53qz_IiTPub4Butj-v4YGwfLLe3cHBW6IMGNUWpeEC82umdNc/s1328/FF%20tipo%20D%20e%20contador%20mod4%20mod8%20e%20mod16.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;704&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1328&quot; height=&quot;170&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2XKLFjWWSPpgv_BYxQRqJ7l5UGm4xJjq8rPVdt4m5SLB8LXHZRrlJ2cepvrr1Xx9nZRUgd9fEFrwh91_qZ8CqYk6WSC0GwKdjnYXCGwHAIiBwYn8QUOgtOFVRCSgAgPEf-mkUgTN53qz_IiTPub4Butj-v4YGwfLLe3cHBW6IMGNUWpeEC82umdNc/s320/FF%20tipo%20D%20e%20contador%20mod4%20mod8%20e%20mod16.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Na figura ao lado, uma explicação mais detalhada do circuito, onde o Preset é ativo em 1, mesma coisa com CLR, geralmente, se coloca em 0 para o circuito fazer a contagem e de acordo com a seleção de modo, a contagem será reinicializada quando o modo selecionado for atingido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Então, no modo 10, quando o contador atingir 10 na contagem é reinicializado automaticamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Olha aí uma simulação feita com o Circuit Maker:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvZhk4WOUDj6Gp_svfR_KfnHzQOfVEneyIqPN7ReKRUzJEP9dqRgZTZKuevCFvi-T5pl1JRAp7wx1Sga_tWIzsceH_MJ_qgaZ9sHqPEX1jH1_n-ocsGZd_kFGGDS_Ljp1KoOiyr3MLb2ceL3Eldg6H-fFb0Iyi-lfda1KPOQSA8Av5V4Gww4m0JMe_/s1414/Contador%20FF%20com%20%20modos%20diferentes.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;764&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1414&quot; height=&quot;173&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvZhk4WOUDj6Gp_svfR_KfnHzQOfVEneyIqPN7ReKRUzJEP9dqRgZTZKuevCFvi-T5pl1JRAp7wx1Sga_tWIzsceH_MJ_qgaZ9sHqPEX1jH1_n-ocsGZd_kFGGDS_Ljp1KoOiyr3MLb2ceL3Eldg6H-fFb0Iyi-lfda1KPOQSA8Av5V4Gww4m0JMe_/s320/Contador%20FF%20com%20%20modos%20diferentes.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Nessa simulação funcionou bem as portas And sem os inversores, mas com mudanças no reset da contagem e quais seriam? Quando fossem atingidos os mods 5, 6 e 12...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Experimentem o circuito, em breve farei uma montagem prática e simulada, abraços à todos!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Boas montagens!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#contadordigital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#flipflop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#cmos4013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#eletronicadigital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#digitalelectronics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook! Guru Eletrônico!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/6784872996874806022/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2022/07/contador-usando-ff-flip-flop-tipo-d.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/6784872996874806022'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/6784872996874806022'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2022/07/contador-usando-ff-flip-flop-tipo-d.html' title='Contador usando FF (flip-flop) tipo D, modo 4, 8 e década.'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2XKLFjWWSPpgv_BYxQRqJ7l5UGm4xJjq8rPVdt4m5SLB8LXHZRrlJ2cepvrr1Xx9nZRUgd9fEFrwh91_qZ8CqYk6WSC0GwKdjnYXCGwHAIiBwYn8QUOgtOFVRCSgAgPEf-mkUgTN53qz_IiTPub4Butj-v4YGwfLLe3cHBW6IMGNUWpeEC82umdNc/s72-c/FF%20tipo%20D%20e%20contador%20mod4%20mod8%20e%20mod16.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-945614272432423372</id><published>2025-07-29T22:30:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:26:52.813-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Minuteria eletrônica</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpmjqeBFTWCk7x7_Y_ymP2hCTOwFJtFEA7hK9eN-aNgmuFOzBSmJ6DOwhwQKLqT6srVxJNYbTmQBrQiS6a0xMoVqi8Hbi7_BJFrs4zRDbAj03oryeArTYsnWqFOh5_8RV6gqcNILe9Z3A/s1600/schminuteria.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;176&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpmjqeBFTWCk7x7_Y_ymP2hCTOwFJtFEA7hK9eN-aNgmuFOzBSmJ6DOwhwQKLqT6srVxJNYbTmQBrQiS6a0xMoVqi8Hbi7_BJFrs4zRDbAj03oryeArTYsnWqFOh5_8RV6gqcNILe9Z3A/s1600/schminuteria.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Pessoal, um projeto muito prático de uma minuteria eletrônica com base na temporização feita por um timer formado pelo circuito RC, de R1 e C1, que ao acionarmos o botão S1, energizaremos o RC, que se descarrega pelo Darlington formado por Q1 e Q2, observe figura ao lado, e energiza o relé K1.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A alimentação é fornecida pelo X2, com a tensão de 12 Vdc. Veja na figura abaixo o lay-out do PCB. &lt;br /&gt;
Observe que em X1 teremos a conexão dos contatos NA e NF do relé e será ali que conectaremos a carga a ser controlada, que pode ser AC ou DC.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKjIhdNrd7yvSZQVWcpurJhbS2ek65juXLY4Ees6osKhyphenhyphenjbzup6w7Sdi7ByS6ae2vzawLzDWhnv_Us_CWy2zGxzpGnxIXDMxH0-7CXjfkqYF22QxE8Vdj6c4FP9XVXTgXw1u1wbYaVm5M/s1600/pcbminuteria.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;164&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKjIhdNrd7yvSZQVWcpurJhbS2ek65juXLY4Ees6osKhyphenhyphenjbzup6w7Sdi7ByS6ae2vzawLzDWhnv_Us_CWy2zGxzpGnxIXDMxH0-7CXjfkqYF22QxE8Vdj6c4FP9XVXTgXw1u1wbYaVm5M/w101-h164/pcbminuteria.png&quot; width=&quot;101&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O detalhe da conexão de X1 e X2 é mostrado no PCB. A temporização dada pelo RC, é alterada pelo valor do capacitor ou do resistor, obtive valores de 50 s, 1 minuto e até 5 minutos, tudo questão de aplicar conforme a necessidade.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C1 - Capacitor de 47uF/25V, eletrolítico, polarizado.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C2 - Capacitor cerâmico de 100nF/250V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;D1 - Diodo retificador 1N4004, pode ser usado também o 1N4148.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;K1 - Relé tipo G5LE 12V/110-220/10 A.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Q1,Q2 - Transistor BC548, NPN&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1 - Resistor de 100k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;S1 - Chave simples, liga-desliga, veja texto e figura.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;X1,X2 - Conectores, ver texto e figura.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Deixo o fotolito gerado para imprimir o circuito:&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSfVwSLMAM5n40Cm-UrVS3FB84qSZNmZv9iu9tybKwqqV9HAOvcduXliSL-cD0V4wBTgfquYqek3ztijFPG0Oqxil__ykYXgEsKixZqRiL6p1-3BZsiCZLhimkcFGONhWQE0bR27KPxPA/s1600/pcbminuteriamono.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;152&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSfVwSLMAM5n40Cm-UrVS3FB84qSZNmZv9iu9tybKwqqV9HAOvcduXliSL-cD0V4wBTgfquYqek3ztijFPG0Oqxil__ykYXgEsKixZqRiL6p1-3BZsiCZLhimkcFGONhWQE0bR27KPxPA/w94-h152/pcbminuteriamono.png&quot; width=&quot;94&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;Esse circuito pode ser adaptado sensores de presença e etc, desde que obedeçam as condições do mesmo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Posso também eliminar a fonte com transformador e colocar uma ponte retificadora, numa configuração que envolva capacitor e diodo zener e fornecer uma corrente de até 80 mA... Mais pra frente postarei essa alteração aqui.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Boas práticas meus caríssimos e até a próxima!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#temporizadores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#eletronica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#electronics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#minuteriaeletrônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/945614272432423372/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/08/minuteria-eletronica.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/945614272432423372'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/945614272432423372'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/08/minuteria-eletronica.html' title='Minuteria eletrônica'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpmjqeBFTWCk7x7_Y_ymP2hCTOwFJtFEA7hK9eN-aNgmuFOzBSmJ6DOwhwQKLqT6srVxJNYbTmQBrQiS6a0xMoVqi8Hbi7_BJFrs4zRDbAj03oryeArTYsnWqFOh5_8RV6gqcNILe9Z3A/s72-c/schminuteria.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-414881316374230185</id><published>2025-05-22T18:00:00.004-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:29:07.486-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Fotocélula otimizada</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib722X-3JGVIBMPHTY0MG4lGq-Y0eOz3GOy4EoCYqTqY2MejFvvpiYAvsU1v_NTi4312BukGt_JFBbdFt9mtRwbT7rBuwqWZvichuwAaTht59WPqlFiRHplEDiwMnkbPVyNhL-tWbxuuQ/s750/Fotoc%25C3%25A9lula.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;655&quot; data-original-width=&quot;750&quot; height=&quot;279&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib722X-3JGVIBMPHTY0MG4lGq-Y0eOz3GOy4EoCYqTqY2MejFvvpiYAvsU1v_NTi4312BukGt_JFBbdFt9mtRwbT7rBuwqWZvichuwAaTht59WPqlFiRHplEDiwMnkbPVyNhL-tWbxuuQ/s320/Fotoc%25C3%25A9lula.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Olá pessoas, vou descrever esse incrível projeto, cujo arranjo foi pensado em função do &lt;b&gt;LDR&lt;/b&gt; escolhido, que apresentou resistência entre &lt;b&gt;30 k Ohm até 3M Ohm&lt;/b&gt;. O circuito se baseou no teste da figura ao lado, que consiste basicamente num comparador usando o amplificador operacional 741 em polarização simples de 12 VDC, que através das entradas positiva e negativa do CI, liberará um nível positivo na saída após comparar com a referência de resistência criada pelo LDR. Aqui foi simulado o circuito com uma versão antiga do Circuit Maker.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A resistência do LDR, que no circuito da figura ao lado é R4, oscila na faixa resistiva citada acima, essa faixa é aproximada. Então na presença da luz temos 30k Ohm e na ausência, cerca de 1,2 a 3M Ohm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Esse circuito é muito prático e permite fixar o ponto de tensão para acionar ou cortar o transístor, basta fazer o arranjo dos diodos na saída. O relé poderia ser de um valor menor, 5VDC por exemplo, basta ajustar a alimentação do circuito para essa tensão. O relé deve controlar cargas de 10A, alimentadas por tensão AC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR_ZQz2gcJiyqygFvWm6zCjUL6nI6uY2Ei9FrsnIzdfSdV-MqaIHda0--WW3IlLV80s5-ai3UDDuKfQV7XtnK53IWHGMgwEGlau34NiDVH9yqnPT25IUVXJwndikT55hfQGMnxmqYH7bLHDuqJEBztJZtoaJgyhmzLjbXvitX8aNS4IbrhvIWQy98A/s1063/Diagrama%20el%C3%A9trico%20fotoc%C3%A9lula.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;389&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1063&quot; height=&quot;117&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR_ZQz2gcJiyqygFvWm6zCjUL6nI6uY2Ei9FrsnIzdfSdV-MqaIHda0--WW3IlLV80s5-ai3UDDuKfQV7XtnK53IWHGMgwEGlau34NiDVH9yqnPT25IUVXJwndikT55hfQGMnxmqYH7bLHDuqJEBztJZtoaJgyhmzLjbXvitX8aNS4IbrhvIWQy98A/s320/Diagrama%20el%C3%A9trico%20fotoc%C3%A9lula.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;O diagrama de circuito ao lado, mostra o detalhe de conexão e o arranjo dos componentes, onde usei conectores para a alimentação do circuito e para a conexão AC no relé, fiz um PCB e esse diagrama usando o CAD Eagle, se fosse feito no Proteus, ele poderia ser simulado e colocado para ser exposto o projeto em 3D. R4 simula o LDR citado na primeira figura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoVp2tYYqvsnAXQDPUX0bBsr2j6UuIc7LlJHeSAjry3rMSif5vgYGOwo-4bUiWULpIGffyt_ZS8Lq4MIr1zQQt3RarFr6DqjFpOdIB8klGxWL56Hq_SWFQmMb3SQ4slhhbzinU4x_sonft28jahi6EzHNp5yN0Emt96pGubtQuzIWlngoJZLhuPY4O/s342/PCB%20completo%20da%20fotoc%C3%A9lula.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;342&quot; data-original-width=&quot;286&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoVp2tYYqvsnAXQDPUX0bBsr2j6UuIc7LlJHeSAjry3rMSif5vgYGOwo-4bUiWULpIGffyt_ZS8Lq4MIr1zQQt3RarFr6DqjFpOdIB8klGxWL56Hq_SWFQmMb3SQ4slhhbzinU4x_sonft28jahi6EzHNp5yN0Emt96pGubtQuzIWlngoJZLhuPY4O/s320/PCB%20completo%20da%20fotoc%C3%A9lula.png&quot; width=&quot;268&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;PCB ao lado mostra os detalhes da configuração dos componentes e fica como sugestiva lay-out. Vale a pena detalhar a espessura das trilhas que interligam K1 com a carga AC, elas devem ter 2,5mm de largura, em função da carga AC de até 10A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Lista de componentes&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 conector de dois polos, X1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 conector de três polos, J1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;CI 741, amplificador operacional, CI1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;4 diodos 1N4148, sendo que o último é soldado invertido em L1 do Relé K1. (D1 a D4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;PCB de material em fibra ou fenolite.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;R1 e R2, resistores de 15k, 0,125W (1/8).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;R3 e R5, resistores de 10k,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;0,125W (1/8).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;R4, é substituído pelo LDR1, que é o resistor sensível a luz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; k1, relé de 12VDC, 50mA, com chaveamento NA/NF para 127VAC/10A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Transístor BC548, Q1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Alimentação feita por fonte DC estabilizada, ou retificada e adaptada do AC, confiram nossos projetos de fontes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Vejam os detalhes do nosso projeto na bancada em testes, confiram abaixo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1UmQgUXXGutYIf-Oen0CCRjo49WYTz59Uj8GordaQEGiLNcxltX7xl8vnSRt0889J-djRdH0HJFEtEWt7jvbgZ6xolFXEtZ95_vOUW9KcpEQHz0452IC9gqP0W20I1ynP95lvmzLnE3CEaApXj7Nmjm4PFFRyXQbcOEo46qvJ_jofkhHJQEFaDXP9/s4032/Foto-c%C3%A9lula%20com%20741.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;3024&quot; data-original-width=&quot;4032&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1UmQgUXXGutYIf-Oen0CCRjo49WYTz59Uj8GordaQEGiLNcxltX7xl8vnSRt0889J-djRdH0HJFEtEWt7jvbgZ6xolFXEtZ95_vOUW9KcpEQHz0452IC9gqP0W20I1ynP95lvmzLnE3CEaApXj7Nmjm4PFFRyXQbcOEo46qvJ_jofkhHJQEFaDXP9/s320/Foto-c%C3%A9lula%20com%20741.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;No canto esquerdo da matriz de contato, temos a configuração do circuito primeiramente com R1 e R2, depois com o R3 e o LDR, o 741 é o quadradinho preto, depois os três diodos, Q1 e o relé k1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Os leds vermelho e verde, simulam as condições de desligado e acionado para as conexões em AC. Claro que posso aplicar perfeitamente numa sinalização em DC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O valor da faixa de resistência do LDR como foi explicado, variará de componente para componente, sendo perfeitamente aceito pela configuração aplicada no circuito. Na sequência temos os lay-outs finais das placas. Começando com o o lados dos componentes abaixo, no lado direito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9_fzfWxxtLY8DCxhzJd1br92-I4-Wat3BVJ2ijzrir71mm_9JLHyYws5AGm_MvA6kpPXOb0WycACKYvdjKzhlbW6mzhAUZJSVH7PK27vKN1QwlA4HL7GlKVk-uhhxsI-Ad1eLlxlcVKoOOoAExCG1m5_q5oalTgg60ebqXkC06NXpGwy3VZi-JAxI/s3000/Diagrama%20el%C3%A9trico%20da%20fotoc%C3%A9lulatopside.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9_fzfWxxtLY8DCxhzJd1br92-I4-Wat3BVJ2ijzrir71mm_9JLHyYws5AGm_MvA6kpPXOb0WycACKYvdjKzhlbW6mzhAUZJSVH7PK27vKN1QwlA4HL7GlKVk-uhhxsI-Ad1eLlxlcVKoOOoAExCG1m5_q5oalTgg60ebqXkC06NXpGwy3VZi-JAxI/s320/Diagrama%20el%C3%A9trico%20da%20fotoc%C3%A9lulatopside.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Observem a disposição dos componentes nesse lay-out de fabricação, simples e direto, com economia e arte. Usando CADs como o Eagle e o Proteus, você pode desenvolver rapidamente sua plaquinha e fabricá-la.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMh_5XtI14G2Y5g2ltNYddkR3jRHJ6477nbnlDHAiMfcc-XmUEj7ePatCjJHMfi2t-94_m3eF_2YGpJOzczbCNIgY29mFW6NhuV4n5Bgk2Oa70DkFr22ueNYgybDIAndqdeNm5w7rQLjMCvPsr05aXTKuKfI9nlXpp_QIhm_-tknr8j83SeZACkS6j/s3000/Diagrama%20el%C3%A9trico%20da%20fotoc%C3%A9lulabottom%20side.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMh_5XtI14G2Y5g2ltNYddkR3jRHJ6477nbnlDHAiMfcc-XmUEj7ePatCjJHMfi2t-94_m3eF_2YGpJOzczbCNIgY29mFW6NhuV4n5Bgk2Oa70DkFr22ueNYgybDIAndqdeNm5w7rQLjMCvPsr05aXTKuKfI9nlXpp_QIhm_-tknr8j83SeZACkS6j/s320/Diagrama%20el%C3%A9trico%20da%20fotoc%C3%A9lulabottom%20side.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;O lado da solda, ao lado, mostra a simplicidade e praticidade construtiva do circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;No mais, é simples o funcionamento e o circuito tem uma empregabilidade elevada e com igual eficiência e durabilidade, aí é aplicar o bom senso...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Para modelar imagem 3D, o Eagle usa o Fusion 360, que automaticamente cria um modelo com as representações 3D dos componentes do seu projeto, acontece que nem sempre o que você escolhe tem modelo 3D definido e o programa cria uma associação com isso, olhem o modelo abaixo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG4GsbiTZxDlt3O0rS_owSlD2hVNr_YVKI1jBvaP56Hjo1II89b_EuBtPZhVl7KLgHjs2tLInzlUqycYrFGEo51yyceP-q4MtMBAzKFmqvun9RltvIpDnJGiZp9veVKlpO2VLdgSRxMfEmyXg0yorvNb6RYlH97HikNasxx-5GBMTz6v_86eOueUSr/s1440/Fotoc%C3%A9lula%203D.png&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;896&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1440&quot; height=&quot;199&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG4GsbiTZxDlt3O0rS_owSlD2hVNr_YVKI1jBvaP56Hjo1II89b_EuBtPZhVl7KLgHjs2tLInzlUqycYrFGEo51yyceP-q4MtMBAzKFmqvun9RltvIpDnJGiZp9veVKlpO2VLdgSRxMfEmyXg0yorvNb6RYlH97HikNasxx-5GBMTz6v_86eOueUSr/s320/Fotoc%C3%A9lula%203D.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;Vejam na figura que alguns componentes não apareceram e o programa trocou por outra representação em função de não ter um modelo 3D para o componente, mesmo assim, fica uma qualidade gráfica extraordinária!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pessoas, bom projeto, abraços e boa montagem!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#fotocélula&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#automação&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#automation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/414881316374230185/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2021/08/fotocelula-otimizada.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/414881316374230185'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/414881316374230185'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2021/08/fotocelula-otimizada.html' title='Fotocélula otimizada'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib722X-3JGVIBMPHTY0MG4lGq-Y0eOz3GOy4EoCYqTqY2MejFvvpiYAvsU1v_NTi4312BukGt_JFBbdFt9mtRwbT7rBuwqWZvichuwAaTht59WPqlFiRHplEDiwMnkbPVyNhL-tWbxuuQ/s72-c/Fotoc%25C3%25A9lula.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-7748400880039861245</id><published>2025-02-24T18:00:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:32:57.674-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Empregabilidade, teste a sua e veja seu grau maker em perguntas e respostas!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(1° Parte: Tecnologia) Esse teste foi publicado em meados de 2007 e é de autoria do professor Alexandre Capelli, inspirado nele, adaptei e criei essa sequência que é a tecnologia atual e as tendências futuras. Usei o Circuit Maker para simular a maioria das situações questionadas.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. &lt;/b&gt;No circuito abaixo, calcule o valor de R para que no resistor de 60 ohms (Ω), a corrente seja de 1A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX67-JHJhuWASiF-Ai78VjWo0a7UPQXXtXXHW3yVOzdrggy9scMTp3da3jgyW42c5tHX5D57ZA1gDJ0m-w0SCsjldsXcTmUOL5KSztk0_PFB-43DfCPaoo5b4ooO9ACkPxy48_DmEWC4ao-siIsnW9tU4OlMYugt-kCHCGPnyANqVyxKHvCQjIiOp8/s666/Resistores%20em%20circuito%20empregabilidade1.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;666&quot; data-original-width=&quot;592&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX67-JHJhuWASiF-Ai78VjWo0a7UPQXXtXXHW3yVOzdrggy9scMTp3da3jgyW42c5tHX5D57ZA1gDJ0m-w0SCsjldsXcTmUOL5KSztk0_PFB-43DfCPaoo5b4ooO9ACkPxy48_DmEWC4ao-siIsnW9tU4OlMYugt-kCHCGPnyANqVyxKHvCQjIiOp8/s320/Resistores%20em%20circuito%20empregabilidade1.png&quot; width=&quot;284&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;a) &lt;/b&gt;Primeira coisa a considerar.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Se V=R.I ;&amp;nbsp;então: V2= V1 , portanto:&amp;nbsp;V2=R1.I1 , V2=60.1 , &lt;b&gt;V2=60V ;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;V3=60V&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;b) &lt;/b&gt;Pela Lei de Kirchhoff, a soma das tensões num circuito é igual a zero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Portanto, VCC-VR-V2=0 , então VCC=VR+V2 , caí, VR=VCC-VR2 ou V2 , VR=90-60 , &lt;b&gt;VR=30V&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Se I1=1A , I2=V3 ou VR2/R2 então I2=60/30 ,&lt;b&gt; I2 = 2A&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c)&lt;/b&gt; O valor de R será calculado por:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;R=V/It , It=I1+i2 , It=1+2 , It=3A , portanto R=30/3 ,&lt;b&gt; R=10Ω&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;No regulador série abaixo, calcule o valor de R , dados: VBE=0,6V , p(Hfe)=30 . Izener = 20mA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkpe0Xh3Ve2POsxxzKq2BeufmIw64h_ihgOlGJcrklAgIntFt-NiAEtnwfS888PbAxLkrqzu4T_c8cuSkh8PbhRVQ_mBupS00RQvcpsFQqWcjipfXXgWaKWnjUru9PX7uZBM_xM2fwT7q5fuf6Vg9Nzo43xMag3OVoVAFRuBZBsZNqcR6ntoKzDyEx/s1186/resistores%20em%20circuito%20transistor%20empregabilidade2.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;702&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1186&quot; height=&quot;189&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkpe0Xh3Ve2POsxxzKq2BeufmIw64h_ihgOlGJcrklAgIntFt-NiAEtnwfS888PbAxLkrqzu4T_c8cuSkh8PbhRVQ_mBupS00RQvcpsFQqWcjipfXXgWaKWnjUru9PX7uZBM_xM2fwT7q5fuf6Vg9Nzo43xMag3OVoVAFRuBZBsZNqcR6ntoKzDyEx/s320/resistores%20em%20circuito%20transistor%20empregabilidade2.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;a) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Considerando o circuito, vamos supor que IC=IE , então: IE=VE/RE , portanto IE=6/20 , então, VE , diga, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;IE=0,3A ou 300mA.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;b) &lt;/b&gt;Para calcular IB, aplicamos: IB=IC/B então, IB=0,3/30 , então &lt;b&gt;IB=0,01 ou 10mA.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c) &lt;/b&gt;IR será Iz+IB , então IR=20+10 , &lt;b&gt;IR=0,03 ou 30mA.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Portanto R=VDC-Vz/IR então &lt;b&gt;R = 12,6-6,6/0,03 = 200&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ω.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. &lt;/b&gt;No circuito a seguir, desenhe a forma de onda do sinal de saída.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigeiruS5P5T8IIqm4GA2FPQRoOuF7p11y9F8AsPiqb4pcMs0fp6thFHYuXkcOGrJl4W8O76baSWWOyt7qm7qpirsNyiKRJLSOshlpSR6m1uet2vKcQXVa6Eunx865hv7dLYaY3fa7EKEqCDkKPd6-L2aLWsAS4bJlpcCSjcgdYBc6U9AjKt4jGCH93/s1448/Ampop%20em%20an%C3%A1lise%20empregabilidade3.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;656&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1448&quot; height=&quot;145&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigeiruS5P5T8IIqm4GA2FPQRoOuF7p11y9F8AsPiqb4pcMs0fp6thFHYuXkcOGrJl4W8O76baSWWOyt7qm7qpirsNyiKRJLSOshlpSR6m1uet2vKcQXVa6Eunx865hv7dLYaY3fa7EKEqCDkKPd6-L2aLWsAS4bJlpcCSjcgdYBc6U9AjKt4jGCH93/s320/Ampop%20em%20an%C3%A1lise%20empregabilidade3.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;a) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Observe: AV ou G = R2/R1 , 10k/1k , &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;AV=10&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Portanto, Vin será incrementada 10 vezes sendo igual a 7 V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;b) &lt;/b&gt;Forma de onda final.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Uma onda quadrada de +7 e -7V.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVrmipNAdWuzWzq372UeR5v5mQxE6pWrvgtZ-c80RBmV9bKW4p1sorXedkV1l61HCXVDjBpX5JPJG8-5ROvHcDp8alu-b90jD0s8xMCpnQT5ZHvlTsKyRfKktpWIifqV8yWOXzzAZJRV8zm48eLqxS3AEXaCDavsXapNtmp_H96rlGD5MynO4fR5g/s1428/Scr%20em%20an%C3%A1lise%20empregabilidade4.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;546&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1428&quot; height=&quot;122&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVrmipNAdWuzWzq372UeR5v5mQxE6pWrvgtZ-c80RBmV9bKW4p1sorXedkV1l61HCXVDjBpX5JPJG8-5ROvHcDp8alu-b90jD0s8xMCpnQT5ZHvlTsKyRfKktpWIifqV8yWOXzzAZJRV8zm48eLqxS3AEXaCDavsXapNtmp_H96rlGD5MynO4fR5g/s320/Scr%20em%20an%C3%A1lise%20empregabilidade4.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;O tiristor da figura, é disparado a 30°, a forma de onda sobre o SCR é verdadeira? Como seria o sinal da carga? Para que serve o circuito RC em paralelo com o SCR?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;É verdadeira e corresponde ao sinal no SCR, a carga seria o oposto complementar desse sinal, o RC é um circuito Snubber que tem a função de amortecer transientes que possam atrapalhar o funcionamento do SCR.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Descreva o funcionamento, através de forma de onda da saída do circuito a seguir:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3zgdjeOvu3E--d5l2ZUI95PO55laDYVeg1SsfnOqklKnQjM86Ez1OcwsP2RzsSprJDoKZnknl23y3KIdBYEXUNl08wcKvAcKAKA_Qr_y_A4rVe3y34g6SWOwgpQKBUMGQ72dn9CiL2VYeNx3DuaQ3rFDa6-XryxI7WEoXICi_kGzRFbmptcK1fqws/s1440/Amp%20op%20em%20an%C3%A1lse%20empregabilidade%205.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;580&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1440&quot; height=&quot;129&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3zgdjeOvu3E--d5l2ZUI95PO55laDYVeg1SsfnOqklKnQjM86Ez1OcwsP2RzsSprJDoKZnknl23y3KIdBYEXUNl08wcKvAcKAKA_Qr_y_A4rVe3y34g6SWOwgpQKBUMGQ72dn9CiL2VYeNx3DuaQ3rFDa6-XryxI7WEoXICi_kGzRFbmptcK1fqws/s320/Amp%20op%20em%20an%C3%A1lse%20empregabilidade%205.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Esse circuito é um inversor, que a dará um ganho de 10 na saída, outras formas de onda, correspondem a resposta de frequência do&amp;nbsp; circuito&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAhuhCRtcaw7dqjHNc-JhxjCjYM0O2oYtauhrjiKfheHemgSPYxi4sD1lHxIZw1RqSGSDR6--s9-WoeLhIkCSl9g2tso9HfrOYSJ8I1c4aP7jkUtXj0--vacRHrGGI4OeVDSZv36NKH6oSlVAjIeGpLpMAzmrtst9yXkOab2wdEViWEoa0bQuwxz-V/s1132/Sequencial%20com%204017%20e%20timer%20555.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;720&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1132&quot; height=&quot;204&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAhuhCRtcaw7dqjHNc-JhxjCjYM0O2oYtauhrjiKfheHemgSPYxi4sD1lHxIZw1RqSGSDR6--s9-WoeLhIkCSl9g2tso9HfrOYSJ8I1c4aP7jkUtXj0--vacRHrGGI4OeVDSZv36NKH6oSlVAjIeGpLpMAzmrtst9yXkOab2wdEViWEoa0bQuwxz-V/s320/Sequencial%20com%204017%20e%20timer%20555.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;6. &lt;/b&gt;No circuito dado, temos um 555 sendo gerador de clock e um 4017 contador de década CMOS. Supondo que a saída esteja em nível zero e que o contador seja sensível a borda de subida&lt;u&gt;&amp;nbsp;de clock,&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;qual led acenderá após o 3° pulso?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Acenderia o led pendurado na saída Q7.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;7. &lt;/b&gt;Qual é o princípios básico da lei de Lenz e qual o dispositivo mais famoso que opera, segundo ele?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &quot;&lt;b&gt;Toda força magnética gera uma força eletro matriz &quot;, o motor elétrico funciona por esse princípio.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTRrCWngWdaadsnip8yme6ho7OeyraRhrDgrzMgyBZf-pueBjpr8o_P_swRSn0K9kDACfIZAjTNfcG-HnzwC-xptronQOtOjg09Hz4wGFSPkKrAztI6LG2t2mQ7X_uVKmJm_eiP9dhcJJn8yOm7LGIJ5QNQPxni2alaCtsy4stT4bqP_OCtfl_V_7t/s1430/Circuito%20trif%C3%A1sico%20com%20inversor.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;916&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1430&quot; height=&quot;205&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTRrCWngWdaadsnip8yme6ho7OeyraRhrDgrzMgyBZf-pueBjpr8o_P_swRSn0K9kDACfIZAjTNfcG-HnzwC-xptronQOtOjg09Hz4wGFSPkKrAztI6LG2t2mQ7X_uVKmJm_eiP9dhcJJn8yOm7LGIJ5QNQPxni2alaCtsy4stT4bqP_OCtfl_V_7t/s320/Circuito%20trif%C3%A1sico%20com%20inversor.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;8. &lt;/b&gt;Observe esse&amp;nbsp;esquema simples, &lt;u&gt;trifilar&lt;/u&gt; de comando do sentido de rotação de um motor de indução trifásico com 2 contatores, a ligação para inverter o motor tá correta?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Sim, está correta, mas deve ser acrescentado aterramento em todos os elementos, para proteção de EMI e riscos de choques, assim fica em conformidade com NR-10.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;9.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; Comentar duas proteções para EMI, sendo uma irradiada e outra induzida pela rede de alimentação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Na irradiada podemos utilizar o toróides&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;de ferrite para reduzir os níveis de interferência, na induzida, filtros e aterramento conjugados.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;10. &lt;/b&gt;Cite duas vantagens e duas desvantagens de utilização da SSR sobre os relés eletrodinâmico.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Vantagens: Praticidade e Compactação.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Desvantagens: Preço e dificuldade de circuito de comando.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;11. &lt;/b&gt;Qual a arquitetura da fonte chaveada abaixo? Comente sua resposta explicando o funcionamento da mesma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz4Pff2lnYVIvMS6hxH5llpT0AaVIWFTWPRupdwCIP29giaG63e0p7TChiEi-lbJLtJYGrxVTWM9FUwo1xzYOgwyJj0QKjf9dUgIJDNCwms-Gb-cXqemfS9F0AeE-z2_EqUZKkxKHP2hiJICe4siBE4d7PvsgsJYA7CxWJx5rY3mGIdU0Gr8whSO_R/s676/Fonte%20chaveada%20empregabilidade.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;568&quot; data-original-width=&quot;676&quot; height=&quot;269&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz4Pff2lnYVIvMS6hxH5llpT0AaVIWFTWPRupdwCIP29giaG63e0p7TChiEi-lbJLtJYGrxVTWM9FUwo1xzYOgwyJj0QKjf9dUgIJDNCwms-Gb-cXqemfS9F0AeE-z2_EqUZKkxKHP2hiJICe4siBE4d7PvsgsJYA7CxWJx5rY3mGIdU0Gr8whSO_R/s320/Fonte%20chaveada%20empregabilidade.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arquitetura Flyback, formada por IC1 que chaveia o transformador e já tem um dimensionamento para suportar a entrada AC, sendo 110 a 220V/60Hz. Esse chaveamento ocorre com frequências da ordem de 25 a 50 kHz, tendo filtragem na entrada e na saída, com diodo rápido de chaveamento (Schotky - D4) e ao sentir o consumo da carga, manda o feedback para o IC1, pelo opto acoplador, que compensará enviando mais ou menos pulsos por PWM&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;12. &lt;/b&gt;Analisando as duas cargas abaixo, qual delas tem o menor fator potências? Sem determinar valores, qual ou quais componente(s) você utilizaria para melhorar a instalação? Justifique a sua resposta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg35dvSRbCXs0Ax6sRxajXaQVnCxA3izkb_j-T67IdKbrq1zloeRIZASVT2NiLiTkyHBhA_W5uhVBYWURuwDUcOhzdHXSAoX58vW0myaQ9gxysowKbsi3CcOoALSClumXsps6liYMg7tfdq8ChecCp2SN-aBx_uC2mbdrFhEQCDeMLM-vgHJv0d7hJgD2A/s320/fator%20de%20pot%C3%AAncia.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;230&quot; data-original-width=&quot;320&quot; height=&quot;230&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg35dvSRbCXs0Ax6sRxajXaQVnCxA3izkb_j-T67IdKbrq1zloeRIZASVT2NiLiTkyHBhA_W5uhVBYWURuwDUcOhzdHXSAoX58vW0myaQ9gxysowKbsi3CcOoALSClumXsps6liYMg7tfdq8ChecCp2SN-aBx_uC2mbdrFhEQCDeMLM-vgHJv0d7hJgD2A/s1600/fator%20de%20pot%C3%AAncia.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A carga A tem o menor fator de potência.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Deve ser utilizado um capacitor para corrigir o fator de potência, pois o capacitor corrige o sinal atrasado provocado pela carga indutiva, colocando-o em fase sincronizada.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;13. &lt;/b&gt;Quais são os dois principais efeitos (falhas) que a ESD pode causar em placas e equipamentos eletrônicos? Cite no mínimo duas técnicas de proteção contra esse de fenômeno.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Queima de dispositivo e degradação do funcionamento dos mesmos. Como proteção, podemos aterrar as instalações e usar EPI anti-estáticos.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;14. &lt;/b&gt;Qual é a diferença fundamental entre um analisador de espectro e um osciloscópio?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt; Analisador de espectro é para pesquisar ondas de campo, osciloscópio é para analisar ondas de propagação.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;15. &lt;/b&gt;Por que a EMI (Interferência Eletromagnética) é tão nociva aos circuitos de controle e dados? Como evitar esse problema?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Porque ela pode descaracterizar sinais de frequências que conduzem informações, pela indução de ruídos, o que impossibilita a condução de dados numa planta com alta EMI, a solução para isso foi explorada na questão 9.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;16.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Explique o que é a característica &quot;rail-to-rail&quot; nos amplificadores operacionais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; É uma capacidade dinâmica&amp;nbsp;que facilita limitar a tensão de saída e é particular para cada tipo de amplificador operacional, veja o data sheet do fabricante para melhores esclarecimentos.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;17. &lt;/b&gt;Qual a diferença fundamental entre um DSP e um microcontrolador convencional?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;O DSP processa sons e o convencional, apenas dados.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;18. &lt;/b&gt;O circuito abaixo é um conversor analógico/digital muito popular, o ADC0804. esse CI é um conversor A/D de 8 bits. Sabendo que o sinal analógico de entrada varia de 0 a 100mV, a resolução do circuito será em quantos passos (steps), em mV?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEvKK_eaDsH3S65ryVmVt-aZCmAI3MZ1mYXsVALJWwRBWfw_2MJ3raL9Uzj7mcNpmu09PiKB4DvbuVciUBJq22BUJ2ONzpxrLPeLkkYT3RkU597eDVNamJt9BPV2aM_cD8YGV6DrcMbnNaB881GOWMk8yuBBAB-0hA2aOMP_pfPPoKGPbDOwaykkw-/s1422/ADC0800%20empregabilidade18.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;528&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1422&quot; height=&quot;119&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEvKK_eaDsH3S65ryVmVt-aZCmAI3MZ1mYXsVALJWwRBWfw_2MJ3raL9Uzj7mcNpmu09PiKB4DvbuVciUBJq22BUJ2ONzpxrLPeLkkYT3RkU597eDVNamJt9BPV2aM_cD8YGV6DrcMbnNaB881GOWMk8yuBBAB-0hA2aOMP_pfPPoKGPbDOwaykkw-/s320/ADC0800%20empregabilidade18.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Calculamos o passo em consideração: Passo= Vr/n°byte, 100mV/8 . Passo =12,5mV, arredondando para 10mV por ser uma melhor configuração. Se temos 10mV por passo, portanto teremos 10 steps.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;19. &lt;/b&gt;Tomando como base o set de instruções do microcontrolador 8051, que foi base para os atuais microcontroladores do Arduino, quando executamos a instrução: Mov A,#B, o que estamos fazendo?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Você está transferindo todo o conteúdo do reg B p/ A, se tirar o # será apenas o conteúdo momentâneo.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;20. &lt;/b&gt;Quando falamos em redes de comunicação os diversos protocolos existentes são indicados para diferentes necessidades e aplicações. Seguindo essa linha de raciocínio, qual é a diferença principal entre o protocolo Ethenet e o Profibus? Comente a resposta com exemplo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;O protocolo ethernet está adaptado para uma comunicação sem interferências, como o ambiente de escritório, já o Profibus usa interface óticas, próprias p/ um ambiente de chão de fábrica, onde há muita interferência eletromagnética (EMI), coisa comum em subestações de alta tensão também.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(2° Parte: Relações com o Mercado)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzgAsspN9uYFbCVYZh7UymtT6W9iA1u9GqGTg-WBp7UeFrklep7bPeaaNQCJxF9tj2ovK2_EsJPPdfJdst9tAOlBeGxTN_4_489Gr1iRPAMpIkHecqDbQnyaHVn4gbDPqBC_PZY7mkQyEdM3nmXdMVpB-eH1jl1t6k7CZFiKyoCMhVsC3FnQiSmY4Q/s651/Guru_Eletronico_Conceito.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;245&quot; data-original-width=&quot;651&quot; height=&quot;120&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzgAsspN9uYFbCVYZh7UymtT6W9iA1u9GqGTg-WBp7UeFrklep7bPeaaNQCJxF9tj2ovK2_EsJPPdfJdst9tAOlBeGxTN_4_489Gr1iRPAMpIkHecqDbQnyaHVn4gbDPqBC_PZY7mkQyEdM3nmXdMVpB-eH1jl1t6k7CZFiKyoCMhVsC3FnQiSmY4Q/s320/Guru_Eletronico_Conceito.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;1. &lt;/b&gt;Na sua opinião quais foram as principais mudanças no sistema de qualidade ISO9000 p/ ISO9001? Cite no mínimo duas delas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Apenas uma adequação da norma às realidade do cliente e da rotina administrativa e produtiva. Exemplo: Foco em resultados e aprendizado contínuo&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. &lt;/b&gt;Em&amp;nbsp;dezembro de 2001, a Câmara dos deputados aprovou o projeto que flexibiliza a CLT. Explique como isso poderá diminuir o desempenho no Brasil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Criará a flexibilização das negociações, reduzindo o imposto pago por trabalhador, viabilizando contratações, apenas deverá ser considerada uma negociação justa entre as partes, além de dar mais liberdade para as categorias profissionais e reduzir o centralismo do Estado.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;O que é Endo-Marketing?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;É o ma&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;rketing focado ao setor segmento do cliente, derivado por exemplo CRM. (conceito de relacionamento com mercado ou cliente).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Entre o final da década de 80 e o início da de 90 a &quot;reengenharia&quot; tornou-se uma forte concorrência de gestão empresarial, porém, muitas empresas fracassaram na sua implementação e amargaram grandes prejuízos. Cite&amp;nbsp;pelo menos 3 critérios que você adotaria para que esses processo fosse integrado com sucesso em sua empresa.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Estudar e dominar o processo da produção.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; Analisar o mercado em relação às melhorias.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; Integrar visões.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; Manutenção produtiva total (TPM) é um bom exemplo.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5&lt;/b&gt;. O que você entende por Administração por Competência?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;É a administração que leva em conta as habilidades específicas das pessoas para determinados trabalhos.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;6. &lt;/b&gt;Uma empresa A, possui um sistema de gestão da qualidade ISO9000 &quot;global&quot;, isto é, o certificado da qualidade não é setorial, visto que ela produz um único tipo de mercadoria; a empresa B produz vários tipos de insumos e portanto, sua gestão de qualidade é setorial. No caso de uma não conformidade, em qual das ações a corretiva seria mais rápida?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;A empresa B conseguiria fazer a correção mais rapidamente em função de ter uma certificação setorial, ao invés de um processo macro&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;7. O estudo das condições de utilização de um aparelho bem como a orientação ao cliente para que a sua planta seja ideal, a fim de aumentar a vida útil, pode ser considera uma ação preventiva ou proativa?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;É uma ação proativa no sentido de otimizar o equipamento quanto ao uso.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;8. &lt;/b&gt;Como a &quot;inteligência do processamento&quot; distribuída no chão de fábrica, através do conceito field-bus poderá otimizar a produtividade de uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;indústria?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Através do controle digital distribuído entre as diversas interfaces do sistema (SDCD) exemplo disso, uma planta de produção de açúcar e etanol, outro uma subestação de alta tensão HVDC e o processo industrial de ajuste e teste de equipamentos&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;9&lt;/b&gt;. Quanto ao controle do estoque, o que você entende por FIFO?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; Administração dinâmica de estoques, onde os primeiros insumos que entram são os primeiros a&amp;nbsp;saírem.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;10. &lt;/b&gt;Explique o sistema 6 Sigma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;É um processo que tem como uma das principais características, a forte estruturação sequencial e o uso de ferramentas apropriadas em cada etapa, focando no sucesso de um projeto.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;E aí pessoas, foi legal essa experiência? Comentem aí!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#empregabilidadeemeletrônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#makerdeeletrônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#eletrônicaindustrial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;#eletrônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/7748400880039861245/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2022/04/empregabilidade-teste-sua-e-veja-seu.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/7748400880039861245'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/7748400880039861245'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2022/04/empregabilidade-teste-sua-e-veja-seu.html' title='Empregabilidade, teste a sua e veja seu grau maker em perguntas e respostas!'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX67-JHJhuWASiF-Ai78VjWo0a7UPQXXtXXHW3yVOzdrggy9scMTp3da3jgyW42c5tHX5D57ZA1gDJ0m-w0SCsjldsXcTmUOL5KSztk0_PFB-43DfCPaoo5b4ooO9ACkPxy48_DmEWC4ao-siIsnW9tU4OlMYugt-kCHCGPnyANqVyxKHvCQjIiOp8/s72-c/Resistores%20em%20circuito%20empregabilidade1.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-840074056995002434</id><published>2025-01-28T00:00:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:33:42.421-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Circuito prático de Ponte de Wheatstone</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-WGzvzx8o-Lg3KRjgdH0NIbyHhRrhWUQMU6ThgU0yLUDjRImhiNU12hgOyKa_nzcuB60qPm2VFG4FK5mo5xPJ0RG3How8i6TApcCMkLeTbzoWgZi_09fKTrnWZeSQByPzNvoZY2DzYbQ/s1600/pontew2.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;167&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-WGzvzx8o-Lg3KRjgdH0NIbyHhRrhWUQMU6ThgU0yLUDjRImhiNU12hgOyKa_nzcuB60qPm2VFG4FK5mo5xPJ0RG3How8i6TApcCMkLeTbzoWgZi_09fKTrnWZeSQByPzNvoZY2DzYbQ/s1600/pontew2.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf4pxwcdLQoXLGqZQlzVPDpFhr_rLhgaKGL4aBcV-ViC7ITdke2RNEbRNcSWt99vS_TCUavW6xNbeiOkOd3h6c6KzX_3OjO-ISTdotYz6i5kvFWFOqfN7Kn35lBnWJTPiJ9l3fhh1CI-E/s1600/schpontew2.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;85&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf4pxwcdLQoXLGqZQlzVPDpFhr_rLhgaKGL4aBcV-ViC7ITdke2RNEbRNcSWt99vS_TCUavW6xNbeiOkOd3h6c6KzX_3OjO-ISTdotYz6i5kvFWFOqfN7Kn35lBnWJTPiJ9l3fhh1CI-E/s1600/schpontew2.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Olá pessoal nesse artigo sugiro um interessante circuito de Ponte de Wheatstone que fornece com precisão correntes que podem ser empregadas num padrão&amp;nbsp;de instrumentação, usando um circuito simples com o CI 741. O 741 está numa configuração de amplificador de instrumentação e a corrente é regulada pelo ajuste do potenciômetro, que representa aqui uma resistência variável de alguma grandeza ou aquisição de dados, conforme a variação de corrente, o 741 irá conduzir e fechar o transístor T1. A ponte é constituída por resistores de 1k, posso substituir por resistores de 100 Ohms para conseguir correntes maiores. O lay-out da placa é dado acima e é um circuito interessante pra obter correntes de precisão no potenciômetro, que serve como um sensor.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Abaixo deixo o fotolito do circuito, confiram detalhes do PCB para o correto furo das ilhas e o posicionamento dos componentes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjED3qRirWbzhhbdRnHCZglwn6RG9KoXArgr_fksPQoexdFi6V6ZLj4ep3j2teczCbctFR1gU80h7Fobcm2iqdRdZkO2lm4jq1SAyR3GOpYKjluPU5Wetkcb9DGdD4C9-Ngsp4npLeypIU/s1600/pontew2mono.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjED3qRirWbzhhbdRnHCZglwn6RG9KoXArgr_fksPQoexdFi6V6ZLj4ep3j2teczCbctFR1gU80h7Fobcm2iqdRdZkO2lm4jq1SAyR3GOpYKjluPU5Wetkcb9DGdD4C9-Ngsp4npLeypIU/s1600/pontew2mono.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;IC1 - Amplificador operacional LM741.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;POT - Potenciômetro ou sensor que varia de 1 a 100k linear, como sugestiva de experiência.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1 a R3 - Resistor de 1k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R4 - Resistor de 120k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R5 a R7, R9 - Resistor de 2k7/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R8 - Resistor de 100 Ohm/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;T1 - Transístor BC547 NPN.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Experimentem! Boas práticas!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#eletronica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#electronics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#pontedewheatstone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#wheatstonebridge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Faceboo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Oswald;&quot;&gt;k!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/840074056995002434/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/10/circuito-pratico-de-ponte-de-wheatstone.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/840074056995002434'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/840074056995002434'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/10/circuito-pratico-de-ponte-de-wheatstone.html' title='Circuito prático de Ponte de Wheatstone'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-WGzvzx8o-Lg3KRjgdH0NIbyHhRrhWUQMU6ThgU0yLUDjRImhiNU12hgOyKa_nzcuB60qPm2VFG4FK5mo5xPJ0RG3How8i6TApcCMkLeTbzoWgZi_09fKTrnWZeSQByPzNvoZY2DzYbQ/s72-c/pontew2.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-4313514577766016391</id><published>2024-12-18T18:00:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:35:34.169-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Amplificador de 5 W</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Olá, pessoal&lt;span&gt;, vou citar esse circuito que é uma criação do nosso querido professor Newton C. Braga, e é citada no Curso de Eletrônica Básica de autoria dele; criei uma forma nova de circuito impresso com o CAD Eagle e o circuito se baseia numa configuração que separa os semiciclos da onda e os une na saída do alto-falante.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirLyzhpSsJbbUncMpLlpp_p_iN1_U44YYZv4D1N9Z8U7KtAXprd7jA6HJG9ZAz-V9yuVX062I3aHSryDkECFxgbgPmYvwKBP0sp3VxWmwybnA0ndtbofDVi1IC3v2fgXyj4yjocM4kx4c/s1600/Esqampli5w.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;243&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirLyzhpSsJbbUncMpLlpp_p_iN1_U44YYZv4D1N9Z8U7KtAXprd7jA6HJG9ZAz-V9yuVX062I3aHSryDkECFxgbgPmYvwKBP0sp3VxWmwybnA0ndtbofDVi1IC3v2fgXyj4yjocM4kx4c/s320/Esqampli5w.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Observe que o semiciclo negativo é presente no transístor TIP 32, T2 e o positivo no TIP 31, que é T1 no esquema, a separação é feita pelo diodo D1, veja o esquema à esquerda, onde a alimentação deve ser de 18V. Os transístores se encontram em configuração totem-pole.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Esse amplificador tem a potência de 5W rms, que dá um excelente som e um circuito que pode ser usado para amplificar áudio&amp;nbsp;de computadores, net e notebooks.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;O jack J1 recebe o sinal de áudio, que por sua vez é entregue ao potenciômetro R10 de 10k linear, a corrente segue pelo C3, que faz o primeiro acoplamento de impedância e vai ser tratada pela pré-amplificação do transístor Q1, os resistores R1, R2, R3 e R4, polarizam Q1 e entre o estágio de amplificação e driver, representado por C2 e os TIPs. É importante montar os TIPs aproveitando uma caixa metálica como dissipador, não esqueça de colocar a película de mica isolante e o parafuso isolado pra fixar os transístores na caixa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVMpoRtq2U5qNG4Vyeh5iFdQWaVaDOJDdQN25ByfjYCsC_WT-a-DyKerD3nkztLfsYVlr6uBQTBfWXW1oOGWBPNLJ992LyB_QhvXi8zN1jW6kMKPJFuZxumME2ytNTr91I6FcFoCjZqZ8/s1600/Componentesampli5w.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;235&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVMpoRtq2U5qNG4Vyeh5iFdQWaVaDOJDdQN25ByfjYCsC_WT-a-DyKerD3nkztLfsYVlr6uBQTBfWXW1oOGWBPNLJ992LyB_QhvXi8zN1jW6kMKPJFuZxumME2ytNTr91I6FcFoCjZqZ8/s320/Componentesampli5w.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Por último, o sinal sai no alto-falante SP1, de 8 Ohm e 5W de potência. O circuito ao lado, à direita, sugere uma configuração e distribuição dos componentes desse circuito, os capacitores C1, C2, C5 e C6, tem a função de filtro, reforço e amortecimento de sinal, o volume de áudio&amp;nbsp;é controlado pelo potenciômetro R10.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Você tem a opção de montar esse circuito numa placa universal, apenas observe as trilhas que irá dimensionar pra respeitar as limitações de corrente, fora isso, o resultado final será um circuito de excelente desempenho e que resolve a maioria dos problemas de amplificação de áudio.&lt;br /&gt;
O fotolito do projeto é apresentado abaixo:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihS9fENNBK044r3jfrjoBmyj1fbxt38ZzWEF-9z8HtZT1vcdgQIUsdKtPWO-jsro1Rdvr2-huaQWB5F6aTuiEX0sYNECOo-XvHNY522TyK4RT6uzOe_l9TPdny6qcycBcKnfg6IMPdWvk/s1600/PCBmonoampl5w.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;235&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihS9fENNBK044r3jfrjoBmyj1fbxt38ZzWEF-9z8HtZT1vcdgQIUsdKtPWO-jsro1Rdvr2-huaQWB5F6aTuiEX0sYNECOo-XvHNY522TyK4RT6uzOe_l9TPdny6qcycBcKnfg6IMPdWvk/s1600/PCBmonoampl5w.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lista de Materiais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C1,C6 - Capacitor eletrolítico de 100uF/25V polarizado.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C2,C3 - Capacitor cerâmico 100nF/250V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C4 - Capacitor cerâmico 100pF/250V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C5 - Capacitor eletrolítico de 47uF/25V polarizado.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;D1 - Diodo 1N4004 retificador.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;J1 - Jack de 3 pontos, veja circuito.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Q1 - Transístor BC547 NPN.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Q2 - Transístor BC557 PNP.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1- Resistor de 680k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R2 - Resistor de 820k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R3 - Resistor de 10k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R4 - Resistor de 180 Ohm/1/8 W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R5 - Resistor de 3k9/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R6 - Resistor de 18 Ohm/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R7,R8 - Resistor de 0,47 Ohm/5W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R9 - Resistor de 470 Ohm/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R10 - Potenciômetro linear de 10k.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;T1 - TIP31 Darlington NPN.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;T2 - TIP32 Darlington PNP.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;SP1 - Alto falante de 8 Ohm/5W.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Abraços a todos e aguardo a réplica do pessoal!&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Boa prática!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#amplificador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#eletronica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#electronics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;#amplifier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Contato:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; arabutam@gmail.com&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Redes sociais:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Guru Engenheiro - Facebook&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;@guru_eletronico- Instagram&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; Guru Eletrônico - Facebook&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; Guru Eletrônico - YouTube&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; @binho_ouros - Twitter&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/4313514577766016391/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/02/amplificador-de-5-w.html#comment-form' title='5 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/4313514577766016391'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/4313514577766016391'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/02/amplificador-de-5-w.html' title='Amplificador de 5 W'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirLyzhpSsJbbUncMpLlpp_p_iN1_U44YYZv4D1N9Z8U7KtAXprd7jA6HJG9ZAz-V9yuVX062I3aHSryDkECFxgbgPmYvwKBP0sp3VxWmwybnA0ndtbofDVi1IC3v2fgXyj4yjocM4kx4c/s72-c/Esqampli5w.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-3604477218809023545</id><published>2024-11-15T11:00:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:36:28.161-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Brain Machine, máquina de hipnose e relax.</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLgtUF00BeeNnggYEFVwqYOGkALlhpdDpMtp2mJDUe9D7AIpt4JRb4C2QscD5HlFEBHnJEgr1LIsf1pOqszmSlV21J_yj6Nk2meSWYsAWe_i230P_kHeqifbMF8JujW2Jjym-Ed5_b7UM/s1600/Brain+Machine.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;187&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLgtUF00BeeNnggYEFVwqYOGkALlhpdDpMtp2mJDUe9D7AIpt4JRb4C2QscD5HlFEBHnJEgr1LIsf1pOqszmSlV21J_yj6Nk2meSWYsAWe_i230P_kHeqifbMF8JujW2Jjym-Ed5_b7UM/s1600/Brain+Machine.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Pessoal, esse é um projeto simples e sensacional, baseando no circuito do CI 555, cujo circuito é muito difundido pelos fabricantes, onde no caso do nosso projeto, empregamos a configuração de astável presente na figura ao lado.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A bateria pode ter os valores entre 9 e 12V, a temporização é dada pelo Potenciômetro R4, de 10k Ohm linear, e o capacitor C2. O transístor do projeto é o BC548 de uso geral, o capacitor de 47uF, serve para filtrar e estabilizar o circuito, pode ser usados capacitores de 47 a 470uF/16V, que funcionam normalmente.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O conjunto formado pelos leds verde e vermelho, são montados num óculos, que pode ser adquirido em lojas de 1,99 reais, com a diferença dos leds serem ambos vermelhos, embora pode ser usados combinações de verde e vermelho, ou vermelho e azul, sendo essa última, não experimentada ainda..&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIJRqAtrm8vKSmXrnhTl5JRE_2S1AOnoVO9v8pQIA_UgkBy8R7meK1YHyh1pKScuFyYcwRV0RzbFezAQKVI-_NZltaKgNMBgJ0vdvGWVOKJ02fp5-o2UrvdMOJVN98dymVpM68fO8kswg/s1600/2013-10-22+20.04.02.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIJRqAtrm8vKSmXrnhTl5JRE_2S1AOnoVO9v8pQIA_UgkBy8R7meK1YHyh1pKScuFyYcwRV0RzbFezAQKVI-_NZltaKgNMBgJ0vdvGWVOKJ02fp5-o2UrvdMOJVN98dymVpM68fO8kswg/s1600/2013-10-22+20.04.02.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Na montagem, escolhi uma caixa plástica pequena, onde &amp;nbsp;fixei a bateria com o auxílio de fitas de dupla face, confiram o detalhe construtivo pelas fotos, &amp;nbsp;ao lado, estão condicionados na caixa o circuito, que foi montado numa placa universal, a bateria, chave de ligação e potenciômetro.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;É um circuito de montagem relativamente simples e de alta funcionalidade, tive resultado com frequências de 6 a 10 Hz, induzindo estados de agitação, meditação e relax.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A melhor frequência para relaxamento é da ordem de 7,83 Hz, com a frequência de 6, há um sentimento de depressão, de 8 relaxamento, 10, excitação e entusiasmo.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZXqZ6v5BErKQuPmbbePpOCTbS9kHqMb1r5I76qf-wXYuKkgOHyBX5FyPtG-2EjLoPL08IIRAaVgZotZjoqGQABnWr_mR5nWXDqtoWz3BC-6_AcV994DyKywp9XsuyCzjwLmVltDkZ5dY/s1600/2013-10-22+20.07.27.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZXqZ6v5BErKQuPmbbePpOCTbS9kHqMb1r5I76qf-wXYuKkgOHyBX5FyPtG-2EjLoPL08IIRAaVgZotZjoqGQABnWr_mR5nWXDqtoWz3BC-6_AcV994DyKywp9XsuyCzjwLmVltDkZ5dY/s1600/2013-10-22+20.07.27.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Na foto ao lado, vemos o protótipo montado e os leds adaptados ao óculos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O circuito pode auxiliar terapias de relaxamento, hipnose e ser excelente ferramenta em psicoterapia.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Os custos na montagem do projeto serão baixos em função da popularidade do timer 555.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Consegui adaptar e desenvolver um circuito melhor, obedecendo as condições similares do projeto, numa caixa bem melhor e menor, e em outro caso, foi melhorado a caixa do circuito presente, adicionando conexões, vejam os detalhes das fotos que se seguem e confiram as melhorias.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDDUPfLmFGliskJiDziYtVLQZem3tJ2AI_3FQUOvFV4SBKxv6xPiduRqu1I7t_XQdaEZPSAjhzLYyUnlH9e2ygNstcc4MUGU4TsAv4RY8Y53swt64P3ZIQ15U6uErniQF8jHh3SQf3LEo/s1600/20150305_122937.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDDUPfLmFGliskJiDziYtVLQZem3tJ2AI_3FQUOvFV4SBKxv6xPiduRqu1I7t_XQdaEZPSAjhzLYyUnlH9e2ygNstcc4MUGU4TsAv4RY8Y53swt64P3ZIQ15U6uErniQF8jHh3SQf3LEo/s1600/20150305_122937.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
Quanto a aplicação, sugiro utilizar a Brain Machine, obedecendo as frequências seletadas, conforme descrito no projeto, combinando-as, com audição de música wave sync, disponível na internet pelo YouTube e outros sites, vale a pena pesquisar e experimentar.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Eu usei as frequências de 8 e 10 Hz com sucesso, e para calibrar, basta medir com um frequencímetro, a saída do pino 3 do 555 e conferir com a posição do potenciômetro R4, atentem que essa posição pode variar em função da tolerância de mais ou menos 10% do dispositivo.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqEfMr9c9OA05CwBU9BW23N1VfNtRhyphenhyphensnNv5qf4Z5komnLI8o9hSZEutHAdSIXGDBlH4YuAp7ocF3Qvw3QGUog6CjloHR_ASSslWtQA0Corc1dDY82UqzktQQV62yUu_ieWw0bM8pY_MQ/s1600/IMG-20150301-WA0002.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqEfMr9c9OA05CwBU9BW23N1VfNtRhyphenhyphensnNv5qf4Z5komnLI8o9hSZEutHAdSIXGDBlH4YuAp7ocF3Qvw3QGUog6CjloHR_ASSslWtQA0Corc1dDY82UqzktQQV62yUu_ieWw0bM8pY_MQ/s1600/IMG-20150301-WA0002.jpg&quot; width=&quot;192&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Na figura à esquerda, um exemplo de aplicação, com melhoria da caixa do projeto principal, primeira versão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Experimentei adaptar a uma caixa de fonte, medindo 8 cm de comprimento, por 5 cm de altura e 5 cm de largura e coube certinho a placa desenvolvida, sendo esta a terceira versão construída. Particularmente, prefiro aproveitar materiais e reciclar eles, isso agrega valor ao projeto e dá um caráter exclusivo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Usei um óculos de proteção verde para instalar os leds azuis, que difere da figura ao lado, que usava um led vermelho pro olho direito e um verde pro esquerdo, podendo ser utilizado azul também.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Os leds azuis intensificam o relaxamento e a indução ao sono em baixa frequência, com resultados muitos expressivos, após uma prática física de exercício, yoga ou outro. Abaixo o circuito da terceira versão da Brain, placa de 4,5 cm por 4,5 cm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgREL21c48e0jhKIKpTYdiVd1KdJaRrNwEG75urK_EFes8NUK3WvIVcDiGbUpXzNboiWRe4qGoIkvAq8hCcWoDZ9Xe4nmcNiw_VuBjpzcdDHNVtsNntlnMane7Fn_zl2g1OCJsk1CPWjhU/s2048/Brain+machine+3.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1229&quot; data-original-width=&quot;2048&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgREL21c48e0jhKIKpTYdiVd1KdJaRrNwEG75urK_EFes8NUK3WvIVcDiGbUpXzNboiWRe4qGoIkvAq8hCcWoDZ9Xe4nmcNiw_VuBjpzcdDHNVtsNntlnMane7Fn_zl2g1OCJsk1CPWjhU/s320/Brain+machine+3.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;V1&lt;/b&gt; - Bateria de 9VDC&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;S1&lt;/b&gt; - Interruptor tipo alavanca, pequeno, de metal.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;R1 e R2&lt;/b&gt; - Resistores de 220 ohms/1/8 W&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;R3 e R5&lt;/b&gt; - Resistor de 1k/1W&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R4&lt;/b&gt; - Potenciômetro de 10k/linear com botão.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;C1&lt;/b&gt; - Capacitor cerâmico de 100nF, 10% de tolerância.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C2&lt;/b&gt; - Capacitor 10uF/ 16V eletrolítico&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;C3&lt;/b&gt;- Capacitor 47uF/16V eletrolítico.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;U1 ou IC1&lt;/b&gt; - Timer 555&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;U2 e U3&lt;/b&gt; - Leds vermelho, verde ou azul, 5mm.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;U4&lt;/b&gt; - Transístor BC547 ou 548, NPN&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Placa Universal ou PCI feita de 4,5 cm por 4,5cm&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Clipe para ligar bateria de 9V&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;CN1 e CN2 &lt;/b&gt;- Conectores de 2 entradas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Óculos escuros&lt;/b&gt; baratos ou de proteção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;1,5m de cabo duplo de 1,5mm&lt;/b&gt;, padrão cabos de alto-falante, som de carro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Jack macho e fêmea&lt;/b&gt; para a ligação do óculos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Acompanhem os vídeos explicativos do canal:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/ljn031r02fY&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;ljn031r02fY&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Segundo vídeo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/p6JOnWn-ZTw&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;p6JOnWn-ZTw&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Esse projeto é uma sugestiva que pode ser aperfeiçoada, futuramente incluirei sugestão desse circuito em placa PCB, usei o &lt;b&gt;CAD Eagle&lt;/b&gt; na execução de vários projetos nesse blog, e será o testado outros softwares como o &lt;b&gt;Proteus&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Quero desejar a todos boas montagens e uma feliz experiência! Abraços à todos! Confiram os vídeos acima.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Boa prática!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#brainmachine&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/3604477218809023545/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2014/04/brain-machine-maquina-de-hipnose-e-relax.html#comment-form' title='8 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/3604477218809023545'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/3604477218809023545'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2014/04/brain-machine-maquina-de-hipnose-e-relax.html' title='Brain Machine, máquina de hipnose e relax.'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLgtUF00BeeNnggYEFVwqYOGkALlhpdDpMtp2mJDUe9D7AIpt4JRb4C2QscD5HlFEBHnJEgr1LIsf1pOqszmSlV21J_yj6Nk2meSWYsAWe_i230P_kHeqifbMF8JujW2Jjym-Ed5_b7UM/s72-c/Brain+Machine.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-7748354641754489500</id><published>2024-10-24T17:30:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:37:49.861-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Temporizador/Alarme com 555</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Olá, pessoal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;, esse é um circuito muito conhecido, montado na configuração astável, que produz um sinal que pode funcionar como sirene, alarmando uma determinada condição.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuGLjCRLjXMZjyjlDbsSalS7m65PgVsLCsAvFx7emp7VzC4HORDJXLfbqfVBLLCwYE9cHGU_MUiE-BnwHt6xLHeBiTELCPdCClTPS3B4I2vMTCY_qcAX5F5HuhyDyXrTQIbmPMiry52gM/s1600/arabom555.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;208&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuGLjCRLjXMZjyjlDbsSalS7m65PgVsLCsAvFx7emp7VzC4HORDJXLfbqfVBLLCwYE9cHGU_MUiE-BnwHt6xLHeBiTELCPdCClTPS3B4I2vMTCY_qcAX5F5HuhyDyXrTQIbmPMiry52gM/s400/arabom555.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Pesquisei o circuito através de manuais de fabricantes e inspirado nas diversas publicações de circuito, criei essa versão baseada no CAD Eagle.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Analisando o circuito impresso da figura, observa-se que as chaves S1 e S2, simulam o acionamento do relé K1, através do circuito Darlington, formado pelos transístores Q1 e Q2. O diodo D1, protege o relé contra as correntes negativas, junto com a saída sonora pode ser instalada lâmpadas ou sinalização, relativa a comutação do relé.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ0drgQwZzD3a1FwU16DHpzEV3YydCCWCdQegiJR4vKuwV-gS0hD-Z_kQxYopS5geFjgoxpxyAcGkET_FysR4AoqzfwQvNl7AhQ-VKxyvcxb1kgNaGX-7hccvZbTX4EKGs4U-h4Db1fK0/s1600/arabomesquema.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;272&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ0drgQwZzD3a1FwU16DHpzEV3YydCCWCdQegiJR4vKuwV-gS0hD-Z_kQxYopS5geFjgoxpxyAcGkET_FysR4AoqzfwQvNl7AhQ-VKxyvcxb1kgNaGX-7hccvZbTX4EKGs4U-h4Db1fK0/s400/arabomesquema.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Esse circuito foi criado pra condição de S1 e S2 ligados, pois assim o circuito estará com relé fechado no NA (Normalmente Aberto) e o led vermelho acionado.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Quando S1 abre, o relé comuta, fechando NF(Normalmente Fechado), os leds verdes e amarelo acionarão, indicando o funcionamento do timer 555. Pra configurar a configuração de temporização, recomendo baixar o manual dos fabricantes pelo site www.alldatasheet.com, ou solicitar a apostila do nosso curso de Eletrônica Básica pelos comentários no tópico Curso de Eletrônica Básica. Esse circuito é de montagem simples e de infinitas aplicações, usei pra detectar água numa caixa e alarmar a falta dela, como aplicação exemplo.&lt;br /&gt;
O fotolito do circuito é apresentado abaixo:&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl4FSV7kfGT4bPYip0gV_IOhgUbtKvgb2qwxy6Ql6jg44wh8lyb-T7yydOh59m-X7RxiPBQkYKX7T-l3RRu7bXes2OspNcvaYGvvu3brPjeg_AmVblXvLgVsgrm5Okef8c3_dYLl9xOfA/s1600/pcbmonoarabom555.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;168&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl4FSV7kfGT4bPYip0gV_IOhgUbtKvgb2qwxy6Ql6jg44wh8lyb-T7yydOh59m-X7RxiPBQkYKX7T-l3RRu7bXes2OspNcvaYGvvu3brPjeg_AmVblXvLgVsgrm5Okef8c3_dYLl9xOfA/s1600/pcbmonoarabom555.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C1 - Capacitor de 10nF/250V, cerâmico.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C2 - Capacitor de 220nF/250V, cerâmico ou poliéster.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;D1- Diodo 1N4148, retificador.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;K1 - Relé G5LE, 12Vdc/110/220Vac/10 A/60 Hz.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Led1 a Led3 - Leds padrão, amarelo, vermelho e verde.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;IC1 - Timer LM555.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Q1,Q2 - Transístor BC547, NPN.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1,R3 - Resistor de 100k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R2,R4,R5 - Resistor de 1k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;S1,S2 - Sensores ou microchaves pra simulação, veja o texto e figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Boas práticas!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#timer555&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#automação&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#automation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/7748354641754489500/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/05/temporizadoralarme-com-555.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/7748354641754489500'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/7748354641754489500'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/05/temporizadoralarme-com-555.html' title='Temporizador/Alarme com 555'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuGLjCRLjXMZjyjlDbsSalS7m65PgVsLCsAvFx7emp7VzC4HORDJXLfbqfVBLLCwYE9cHGU_MUiE-BnwHt6xLHeBiTELCPdCClTPS3B4I2vMTCY_qcAX5F5HuhyDyXrTQIbmPMiry52gM/s72-c/arabom555.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-9164015992008438522</id><published>2024-09-20T19:30:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:38:19.550-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Termostato com o 741</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;Pessoal, trago esse interessante projeto, fácil de implementar e muito prático e eficiente, de forma que pode acionar sinalizações ou equipamentos como uma ventilação de exaustão. Ele é uma ideia original do professor Newton C Braga e foi adaptado aqui pra uma realidade de um ambiente industrial.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;O projeto se baseia no amplificador operacional 741, utilizado como comparador, sendo utilizado um NTC e um trimpot pra regular a temperatura e o ponto de disparo do 741, de modo que acione o relé que controla o acionamento da carga. Pode ser utilizado um diodo no lugar do NTC, mudando algumas coisas no projeto, tal alteração será postada futuramente.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbYEj-2D3KHtUaFlRhwkzfku4n-rNLqh6kgdDVkGIYZixmSksnabamS0E-MOrHgKQp_XEXilyPtmmEqHozt-jK78GumKG8_lIdH_yYkm5n0ULfYBcRIYXN7GVV4ipvpbBv9qUogI4KnPE/s1600/Diagrama+el%C3%A9trico+termostato.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;137&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbYEj-2D3KHtUaFlRhwkzfku4n-rNLqh6kgdDVkGIYZixmSksnabamS0E-MOrHgKQp_XEXilyPtmmEqHozt-jK78GumKG8_lIdH_yYkm5n0ULfYBcRIYXN7GVV4ipvpbBv9qUogI4KnPE/s1600/Diagrama+el%C3%A9trico+termostato.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Veja a figura ao lado, no conector J1, aplicamos a alimentação do circuito em 12Vdc, os capacitores C1 e C2, tem as funções de filtrar e estabilizar &amp;nbsp;a temperatura do circuito e a tensão de alimentação. Os resistores R2 e R3, fazem a divisão da tensão por 2, que &amp;nbsp;é comparada com o R1 ( o NTC), o trimpot R6, regula o disparo do 741, como mencionado antes, uma vez disparado, o 741, permite o resistor R4 conduzir e satura o transístor Q1, energizando a bobina do relé, fazendo-o atracar e fechar contatos que acionará a carga plugada em J2. D1 fornece proteção contra a corrente negativa.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtQiO7U5zd2jDjy6KTtODKANSbbdS0HqRJvlDKdDrt9kkCgwlLuecCNBhwxQtPNmVU0DiHS4NJwq2HLulV0yrMfiMBbxSmszUL_mWKTt12J1S3LDdDbjKkWAORXhBfaPkRRiZ1jwvWzyE/s1600/pcbtermopoli.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;109&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtQiO7U5zd2jDjy6KTtODKANSbbdS0HqRJvlDKdDrt9kkCgwlLuecCNBhwxQtPNmVU0DiHS4NJwq2HLulV0yrMfiMBbxSmszUL_mWKTt12J1S3LDdDbjKkWAORXhBfaPkRRiZ1jwvWzyE/s1600/pcbtermopoli.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Confira &amp;nbsp;circuito impresso, procurei fazer um circuito prático no PCB, que pudesse encaixar em qualquer empacotamento pequeno ou médio, assim como caixas de comando de dispositivos ou interruptores, usei o CAD Eagle, que é muito apropriado pra esse trabalho pela simplicidade e excepcional qualidade.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Abaixo é apresentado o fotolito do PCB desse circuito:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsMYfei57paJ5THVf0Cn-7ZZHKfgyzjrua0z_L5bWNauDRz2S8N8fJqiC4IjgXQLFb4c9uhs5ku_TRXOi_MNALdtJupwRi3b8hTb0i4M_08wPlhVZ9Pr981EHdSHavHxnqo2guSmjmlw8/s1600/pcbtermo.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsMYfei57paJ5THVf0Cn-7ZZHKfgyzjrua0z_L5bWNauDRz2S8N8fJqiC4IjgXQLFb4c9uhs5ku_TRXOi_MNALdtJupwRi3b8hTb0i4M_08wPlhVZ9Pr981EHdSHavHxnqo2guSmjmlw8/s1600/pcbtermo.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;Simulei esse circuito no Circuit Maker, usei um resistor em série com um led para carga ao invés de um relé e potenciômetro, no lugar do termistor ou NTC, por exemplo se o potenciômetro for maior que 50%, o led não funciona.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Confira o circuito abaixo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh1W9qvIHMb4HX5HYMXFkhsqIGrupCF_RZOTUzcLe9rwLtYK7TLJwGSIx1S7yOrJiR_r4m8KcPUbCN7oTvENRjHepM7_5RT2_aH_fciK99f_gw6It9VfvlqRpQbAI4_zOSIWY8l86ClyF_2rOuTFtC4M8020r7ESae3MmhtJOQDEQw5bAJbqajXnh7V=s1438&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;572&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1438&quot; height=&quot;127&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh1W9qvIHMb4HX5HYMXFkhsqIGrupCF_RZOTUzcLe9rwLtYK7TLJwGSIx1S7yOrJiR_r4m8KcPUbCN7oTvENRjHepM7_5RT2_aH_fciK99f_gw6It9VfvlqRpQbAI4_zOSIWY8l86ClyF_2rOuTFtC4M8020r7ESae3MmhtJOQDEQw5bAJbqajXnh7V=s320&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1 - NTC de 10k a 100k&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R2 e R3 - Resistores de 10k/1/8W&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R5 - Resistor de 1k&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R6 - Trimpot de 10k&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C1 e C2 - Capacitores cerâmicos de 100nF/400V/10% de tolerância.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;D1 - diodo 1N4148 retificador comum.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;J1 - Conector de dois pontos, ver PCB.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;J2- Conector de três pontos, ver PCB.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Q1 - transístor PNP BC557.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;K1 - Relé tipo G5LE, 12VDC/ 30mA/110/220VAC/60Hz/10A&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;IC1- LM 741.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Boa prática!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#termostato&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#automação&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#automation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Contato:&amp;nbsp;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;arabutam@gmail.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Redes sociais:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/9164015992008438522/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2014/07/termostato-com-o-741.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/9164015992008438522'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/9164015992008438522'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2014/07/termostato-com-o-741.html' title='Termostato com o 741'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbYEj-2D3KHtUaFlRhwkzfku4n-rNLqh6kgdDVkGIYZixmSksnabamS0E-MOrHgKQp_XEXilyPtmmEqHozt-jK78GumKG8_lIdH_yYkm5n0ULfYBcRIYXN7GVV4ipvpbBv9qUogI4KnPE/s72-c/Diagrama+el%C3%A9trico+termostato.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-8723142186772469628</id><published>2024-08-08T16:30:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:38:47.639-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Carregador de baterias de veículos (carros e motos)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Oswald;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfUzx89nLv4V7OwOaZBPewTmcAVcE9Lzo6hnAw9XMz3Lne6tLB_vcqDEmSxwglKsARV1nThz-4c-IVoJo0H8S653zjUxaPPil4JTiobGNmqffSY5zIy2-Q4x04KClP44eJYm_JbYPL0WE/s1600/carregador+de+baterias+autos.bmp&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Oswald;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;192&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfUzx89nLv4V7OwOaZBPewTmcAVcE9Lzo6hnAw9XMz3Lne6tLB_vcqDEmSxwglKsARV1nThz-4c-IVoJo0H8S653zjUxaPPil4JTiobGNmqffSY5zIy2-Q4x04KClP44eJYm_JbYPL0WE/s320/carregador+de+baterias+autos.bmp&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span data-mce-style=&quot;font-size: 20pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Carregador de baterias para autos e motos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;No circuito da figura, vemos o carregador de baterias para automóveis e motos, cujo funcionamento é muito simples. Trata-se de uma lâmpada ligada ao Fase da alimentação AC de 127V, ligada em série com um diodo que varia de 1 a 3 A, embora 1 A seja suficiente para esse circuito, que por sua vez é ligado ao positivo da bateria, o negativo da bateria é ligado ao Neutro da alimentação AC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Observe que a carga da bateria é limitada pela lâmpada de 127V/100W, que permite a passagem de uma corrente de até 500mA, no nosso circuito medimos 326 mA, utilizando o diodo 1N4004.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; Pessoas, desenvolvi uma solução bem didática e funcional para construir o carregador, olha aí:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj94lhjvjKpX2LoJYN7aeEws-AE4twd5EVwIXGBXDrG91N-ygRbmJSvKVho_F2hoPVhTDagWTFmN5YooKEGsfettLcJSRbJL6emfeulYKk3JX9LYM7ZdDbJjrZ1dZQZpN3mpYsw69kq5e52TG34t9cJhF0_L14OsptxPXXlTNsmaL3PouTpQ3bK7UaK/s738/Carregador%20de%20baterias%20carro%20e%20moto%20meia%20onda.png&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;438&quot; data-original-width=&quot;738&quot; height=&quot;190&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj94lhjvjKpX2LoJYN7aeEws-AE4twd5EVwIXGBXDrG91N-ygRbmJSvKVho_F2hoPVhTDagWTFmN5YooKEGsfettLcJSRbJL6emfeulYKk3JX9LYM7ZdDbJjrZ1dZQZpN3mpYsw69kq5e52TG34t9cJhF0_L14OsptxPXXlTNsmaL3PouTpQ3bK7UaK/s320/Carregador%20de%20baterias%20carro%20e%20moto%20meia%20onda.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;Construí uma versão em Primavera do Leste-MT que foi batizada de Carregador Primavera, olha aí o estilo do projeto:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwokDMYtt83cnLDMFFs7f6c2ppCoSo7_zvbJAk0eHxJ62oBwfQnQQDh8LYBv9NvzeHWHv5cdanEBFWvgQTQlehhp4hkcFfP1gqAZeHMbKVxd9Nee15LAybNGrLNP0zSoK9zX3ws6o-o71-m33nBmgd-jtnxkt1MsCx8L8UXziHljAYt88F3x_6uqeI28U/s2807/Carregador%20de%20baterias%20Primavera.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1728&quot; data-original-width=&quot;2807&quot; height=&quot;197&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwokDMYtt83cnLDMFFs7f6c2ppCoSo7_zvbJAk0eHxJ62oBwfQnQQDh8LYBv9NvzeHWHv5cdanEBFWvgQTQlehhp4hkcFfP1gqAZeHMbKVxd9Nee15LAybNGrLNP0zSoK9zX3ws6o-o71-m33nBmgd-jtnxkt1MsCx8L8UXziHljAYt88F3x_6uqeI28U/s320/Carregador%20de%20baterias%20Primavera.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Na tomada ABNT da figura é encaixada a lâmpada halogênica, vejam como é prático medir as tensões dos pontos e se abrir a conexão do diodo temos a corrente consumida pelo carregador.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Veja esse vídeo feito por mim:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/-jStLDpMkeE&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;-jStLDpMkeE&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Esse circuito carrega uma bateria em até 8 horas, tem um custo que varia de 30 a 50 reais e pode ser vendido por 80,00, a ideia dele é de domínio público, podendo ser realizado um desenho diverso que pode garantir um registro de patente de design. Outra coisa boa é que os elementos da bateria não sofrem estresse de carga, como é o caso de carregadores rápidos. Tenham o cuidado de manter uma isolação de mãos e pés pois as partes estão vivas, ou seja, se cuidem contra o perigo de choque elétrico, assim não terão problemas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Experimentei esse circuito na minha motocicleta, e após 5 anos de uso, a bateria da moto ainda é operacional, sendo prolongado um pouco o tempo de vida dela.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tenho instruções adicionais:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/QmCtwQZccmc&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;QmCtwQZccmc&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Bocal de encaixe pra lâmpada, rosqueado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;D1 - Diodo 1N4004 retificador.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Garras jacaré médias (02)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lâmpada incandescente de 60 a 100W, 127V, veja texto, vídeo e figura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Plug pra tomada 110/220V/10 A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tomada tri-way.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Vale a pena experimentar e fazer! Sigam as instruções para montar, seguir o esquema elétrico e ficar isolado evitando tocar em partes expostas, quando conectar o carregador na tomada. Fica a dica!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Abraços a todos!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Boa prática!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#carregadordebateria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#batterycharger&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/8723142186772469628/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2012/07/carregador-de-baterias-de-veiculos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/8723142186772469628'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/8723142186772469628'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2012/07/carregador-de-baterias-de-veiculos.html' title='Carregador de baterias de veículos (carros e motos)'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfUzx89nLv4V7OwOaZBPewTmcAVcE9Lzo6hnAw9XMz3Lne6tLB_vcqDEmSxwglKsARV1nThz-4c-IVoJo0H8S653zjUxaPPil4JTiobGNmqffSY5zIy2-Q4x04KClP44eJYm_JbYPL0WE/s72-c/carregador+de+baterias+autos.bmp" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-8486673711166537106</id><published>2024-07-24T14:00:00.012-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:40:01.054-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Alavancagem Tecnológica e Qualidade, o que isso significa para sua empresa?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUgzTFO1zKtcCpq3RWBZj-_37BgR-1t7cEvVRfjTvD9QZQ8vAssQCost5QsNiHsSrDozkfV7-F7bDR3XHVS0dk6E93tqLmht8ABBL14y47-bUJMyfAlbdNVzy5miGWLiHHNbnjyeEmStw/s1600/AlavancagemTecn.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUgzTFO1zKtcCpq3RWBZj-_37BgR-1t7cEvVRfjTvD9QZQ8vAssQCost5QsNiHsSrDozkfV7-F7bDR3XHVS0dk6E93tqLmht8ABBL14y47-bUJMyfAlbdNVzy5miGWLiHHNbnjyeEmStw/s200/AlavancagemTecn.jpg&quot; width=&quot;141&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-mce-style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot; face=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;É&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mce-style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot; face=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #666666; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt; a metodologia para desenvolver a produção de uma empresa. Ela é composta por elementos como,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong data-mce-style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #666666; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;organização de fluxograma, lay-out, inovação e eficiência energética&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span data-mce-style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot; face=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #666666; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O maior objetivo dessa metodologia é a eliminação de gargalos, das quais podem empatar ou limitar o processo da produção.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gargalo&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;é tudo que limita o processo de produção e geralmente pode ser a máquina que demora mais para produzir uma determinada peça, ou a prática operacional que pode ocasionar isto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-EnutSXAqH-UvhQ07DzbX_p4xqSQUWuUzcO9Jn397FwU8hgkVJhs8npl-8FIYxyOFSdRkiBvG3ZXDXqKsc_Kjx2t1sskeD23MPll7nL0kfgPzBHhXqYjuRNXV354caMQE3YamfqGECXpGVSlgYTYoorvwCJQLwJldDTumoaKSsbvp_3OcxO3haRU2Bxs/s735/layout.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;437&quot; data-original-width=&quot;735&quot; height=&quot;190&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-EnutSXAqH-UvhQ07DzbX_p4xqSQUWuUzcO9Jn397FwU8hgkVJhs8npl-8FIYxyOFSdRkiBvG3ZXDXqKsc_Kjx2t1sskeD23MPll7nL0kfgPzBHhXqYjuRNXV354caMQE3YamfqGECXpGVSlgYTYoorvwCJQLwJldDTumoaKSsbvp_3OcxO3haRU2Bxs/s320/layout.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;É muito importante que o empresário tenha claramente na cabeça, o&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;fluxo de produção e o lay-out&lt;/strong&gt;, pois serão fundamentais na eliminação dos gargalos. O&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;lay-out&lt;/strong&gt;, será a disposição física da linha de produção e estoque da empresa, de forma que possa ser agilizada a produção e a velocidade das informações e comunicação tratadas. veja o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;exemplo ao lado, temos um arranjo, da produção num sistema de células, onde o &lt;b&gt;Almoxarifado&lt;/b&gt; recebe as matérias primas e componentes que serão distribuídos nas &lt;b&gt;Células&lt;/b&gt;, que realizarão a montagem do &lt;b&gt;Produto Acabado&lt;/b&gt;. O acompanhamento dos tempos e movimentos desse fluxo determinarão quem serão os gargalos operacionais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;equipe funcional&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;será outro item fundamental desse trabalho, pois eles terão maior facilidade, pela prática diária, de encontrar melhorias e propor inovações, onde a empresa pode crescer e lucrar muito. Motivar a equipe é fundamental, abrindo a participação dela em lucros da empresa, e consequentemente na propriedade intelectual, destinando uma porcentagem do ganho disso aos criadores de soluções.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpkEtV2UikpmUlkzMVKEWowM3BJ3C6uv6WBVVC3GiFv1TM9uBd3hT0fSperLjjLnWIeSPg1xp5INvkc5ZNEq0SVa3oTP2Da3bRiW7kDUz_k7_bi6SatK5No9MU9ME4StzpSrGURN8YxamcegiwlUNbEfxEqxDZqNH89EYyK5FkKuINh08G3HbZlUBcXJA/s387/figuras%20de%20caneta.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;219&quot; data-original-width=&quot;387&quot; height=&quot;181&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpkEtV2UikpmUlkzMVKEWowM3BJ3C6uv6WBVVC3GiFv1TM9uBd3hT0fSperLjjLnWIeSPg1xp5INvkc5ZNEq0SVa3oTP2Da3bRiW7kDUz_k7_bi6SatK5No9MU9ME4StzpSrGURN8YxamcegiwlUNbEfxEqxDZqNH89EYyK5FkKuINh08G3HbZlUBcXJA/s320/figuras%20de%20caneta.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A estrutura proposta pela ANPEI (Associação Nacional de Pesquisa das Empresas Inovadoras) e o Sebrae foi muito simples, ela se apoia na definição da estrutura de produto da linha de produção, onde são bem definidos&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;matérias primas, componentes e produto acabado&lt;/strong&gt;, divididos no fluxograma em&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;centros de produção e centros de montagem até obter o produto acabado, observe o exemplo acima&lt;/strong&gt;. Tudo isso segue um padrão de produção racionalizado em células, com comunicação eficaz, que garantem a mobilidade e o alinhamento com normas de qualidade, no qual exemplifico a&lt;b&gt; ISO9001&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Veja outra figura do exemplo, ao lado, onde são listados todos os itens e componentes que formam a Caneta&lt;/b&gt;. Claro que cada empresa e cada negócio terá um processo respectivo que se apoiará numa prática simples, direta e objetiva, com as descrições de topos os passos necessários de cada processo, com seu respectivo procedimento de execução em conformidade com a &lt;b&gt;ISO9001&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Disposições de lay-outs e circuitos podem ser melhorados através da aplicação de processos com 5S (Metodologia japonesa de organização) e TPM (Manutenção Produtiva Total), focando a simplificação, operacionalidade, acesso, limpeza e otimização, sendo que isso agrega até 60% de melhoria num chão de fábrica ou metodologia aplicada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Algumas empresas já implementaram essa prática. &lt;b&gt;No setor elétrico, onde atuei, vi mais de 50 projetos de melhoria gerarem benefícios aos autores, em cerca de 20% dos lucros das ideias comercializada pela empresa. Em termos de Eficiência Energética fiz o acompanhamento de 40 empresas do estado do Acre, entre 2003 a 2006, num programa realizado pelo Sebrae e indiquei o racional uso da energia, cerca de 20 delas tiveram resultados excelentes que inovaram a produção, obtiveram recursos e investiram em melhorias.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Entidades como a &lt;b&gt;ANPEI e o Sebrae&lt;/b&gt; incrementaram soluções para os setores &lt;b&gt;metalomecânico, têxtil, plásticos e calçados,&lt;/b&gt; visando melhorias em &lt;b&gt;São Paulo e mais de 1700 empresários vivenciaram essa metodologia desde 2008, hoje é um grande desafio continuar inovando no cenário pós-pandemia e combinarmos outras práticas como o marketing digital e a evolução de cursos, equipamentos e serviços online&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Em &lt;b&gt;Primavera do Leste-MT&lt;/b&gt;, destaco o interessante trabalho da &lt;b&gt;ACIPLE,&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;que tem uma ação expressiva perante as empresas da cidade e que procura promover com eficácia, os conceitos expostos aqui.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Como profissionais temos o compromisso de &lt;b&gt;agregar valor&lt;/b&gt; nos processos de trabalho do qual somos inseridos e promover melhorias que podem agregar valor nos produtos e sistemas de produção.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;É muito importante agregar valores como &lt;b&gt;Eficiência Energética&lt;/b&gt;, pois a solução inovadora terá uma eficácia ao usar soluções que maximizam resultados e economizam recursos como energia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Procedimentos serão outro ganho que permitem a melhoria e segurança de todas as operações e a possibilidade rápida de entender o que pode dar errado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Cito os links do Sebrae,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #009933;&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-mce-href=&quot;http://www.sebrae.com.br/&quot; href=&quot;http://www.sebrae.com.br/&quot;&gt;www.&lt;strong&gt;sebrae&lt;/strong&gt;.com.br&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;e ANPEI,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #009933;&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-mce-href=&quot;http://www.anpei.org.br&quot; href=&quot;http://www.anpei.org.br/&quot;&gt;www.&lt;strong&gt;anpei&lt;/strong&gt;.org.br&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;,&lt;/span&gt;para conhecer melhor essa metodologia. Dúvidas faça um contato conosco! Abraços à todos!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Boas práticas!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#alavancagemtecnológica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;western&quot; data-mce-style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot; lang=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #666666; line-height: 14px; margin: 10px 10px 0cm; outline: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#inovaçãoemeletrônica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletrônica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/8486673711166537106/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2012/07/alavancagem-tecnologica-nas-empresas.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/8486673711166537106'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/8486673711166537106'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2012/07/alavancagem-tecnologica-nas-empresas.html' title='Alavancagem Tecnológica e Qualidade, o que isso significa para sua empresa?'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUgzTFO1zKtcCpq3RWBZj-_37BgR-1t7cEvVRfjTvD9QZQ8vAssQCost5QsNiHsSrDozkfV7-F7bDR3XHVS0dk6E93tqLmht8ABBL14y47-bUJMyfAlbdNVzy5miGWLiHHNbnjyeEmStw/s72-c/AlavancagemTecn.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-6223172274433005863</id><published>2024-06-19T21:00:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:40:38.549-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Circuitos de controle AC para SCR, com layout completo</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Olá pessoas, trago alguns circuitos interessantes que foram simulados por mim e montados em ensaio e tiveram bons resultados em comandar as cargas, atentem ao primeiro circuito abaixo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpHfgsN83LYY39zqX-A7DOtzLPn5jMeylsZDI_4g8MZ9FNs5mfx6jqnCkyTa1SadvcagZe91P9tOYVavpViW4sDQbxuN-uBosxmBPkr1FiAmLtohlC2803Ah464-LWVBbCo5MPzXmroF1cZvc9RLGeb_BrC1Dw8Z6r1QXsj6FYvD6QGJbFDQdvc4g10w=s1432&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;586&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1432&quot; height=&quot;131&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpHfgsN83LYY39zqX-A7DOtzLPn5jMeylsZDI_4g8MZ9FNs5mfx6jqnCkyTa1SadvcagZe91P9tOYVavpViW4sDQbxuN-uBosxmBPkr1FiAmLtohlC2803Ah464-LWVBbCo5MPzXmroF1cZvc9RLGeb_BrC1Dw8Z6r1QXsj6FYvD6QGJbFDQdvc4g10w=s320&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Dimmer com SCR&lt;/b&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Observem nesse circuito, foi colocado um capacitor a mais de 100nF, C1, ele vai ajudar a estabilizar a tensão, junto com R1 de 2k7 Ohm, de 5W. O potenciômetro R2, pode ser de 10 a 100K Ohm, nesse exemplo, 100k permite variar o ângulo de disparo em até aproximadamente 45 graus, olhem na figura acima, porém com&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;10k posso variar bem o disparo entre 10 até 45 graus usando a totalidade do potenciômetro&lt;/b&gt;. A alimentação é 127 VAC/60Hz, sendo que a carga da lâmpada L1 é de 100W, de filamento incandescente, halogênica, na tensão de 110 a 127V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-DzYcjHIv5fOkRmtIrY2ptL2hgKj8fjhSjK4LAxt68dN2HgitCdMnvkS38PFLgPqzAYBwrAUBrVEYhpD7coPGQCvdzt4UMkfkKuTBqMrUWYQ1uhvTrWKRtuTTNem_xQl0DmU64VC1Zf9sshKyFYUk-UQEHQh4z2owXIgXHJLUpdBXOZXsG1RwfahW/s471/Diagrama%20de%20controle%20simples%20AC%20com%20POT%20linear.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;471&quot; data-original-width=&quot;443&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-DzYcjHIv5fOkRmtIrY2ptL2hgKj8fjhSjK4LAxt68dN2HgitCdMnvkS38PFLgPqzAYBwrAUBrVEYhpD7coPGQCvdzt4UMkfkKuTBqMrUWYQ1uhvTrWKRtuTTNem_xQl0DmU64VC1Zf9sshKyFYUk-UQEHQh4z2owXIgXHJLUpdBXOZXsG1RwfahW/s320/Diagrama%20de%20controle%20simples%20AC%20com%20POT%20linear.png&quot; width=&quot;301&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;O C2 ajuda na estabilidade do sinal, que é entregue ao diodo D1, 1N4148, que pode ser substituído por um DIAC, o D1 impede que um sinal negativo vá para o Gate de SCR1, sendo que o tiristor pode ser o TIC106D ou o BT151, com igual eficácia. Na montagem prática foi verificada uma pequena diferença entre eles, que não prejudica o resultado final e todos os valores medidos podem ser conferidos com um multiteste.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Usei o simulador Circuit Maker para fazer esse circuito, outros simuladores similares podem ser empregados, com esse objetivo, atentem apenas às configurações de uso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lay-out desenvolvidos, temos primeiramente o diagrama elétrico adaptado usando o Eagle e usei um Diac ao invés do diodo 1N4148 em D1, conectores X1, são alimentação de circuito, X2, potenciômetro de controle e X3, carga resistiva de até 400W, como citado acima.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicDCFkVnniEeAQzOHGYRIoh80Yqky7H_ch4XJA6gbh4Z9NjwTPErLffIBxg9ZAniqw_xbfJ2CvNN16kLEkCBYEUUSHRRIlGzXD97OqOBHtldS66PDOtnqq9TI3PzPD2Kv8djAh2us8exUz7G8qxjNVeHxR4Mm-oWBtuSWxlkTYCNLpLolHFsZsK1c0/s291/PCB%20completo%20controle%20com%20POTlinear.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;291&quot; data-original-width=&quot;258&quot; height=&quot;291&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicDCFkVnniEeAQzOHGYRIoh80Yqky7H_ch4XJA6gbh4Z9NjwTPErLffIBxg9ZAniqw_xbfJ2CvNN16kLEkCBYEUUSHRRIlGzXD97OqOBHtldS66PDOtnqq9TI3PzPD2Kv8djAh2us8exUz7G8qxjNVeHxR4Mm-oWBtuSWxlkTYCNLpLolHFsZsK1c0/s1600/PCB%20completo%20controle%20com%20POTlinear.png&quot; width=&quot;258&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Tive um grande cuidado em dimensionar trilhas que suportassem a corrente de carga e o dimensionamento foi exato ao propósito do circuito. No lay-out completo do PCB, podemos observar os detalhes construtivos das conexões e demais componentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Foi projetada uma área para acomodar o BT151 de forma que ele dissipe calor nela e possa agregar um radiador (dissipador) de calor adequado. O circuito foi muito otimizado, com 8 componentes e pode ser adaptado às chaves de controle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;As trilhas tem espessura de 1 a 1,5 mm, feita em face simples, recomendando o uso de placas de cobre de fibra de vidro, que possuem uma robustez maior que as placas de fenolite, importante que seja usado soldadores de até 30W, pois há risco de danificar trilhas em função do calor excessivo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Veja os lay-outs do PCB nos lados da solda e componentes abaixo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEissoY011o7nOwl-aI7UUggt2TxxT-IC3YHR6VrF2xUNXf9oipyTz8VwXTCPKtkqPGy6VmCjMU539fWQfaJ-tlZi-zaDLW8dTb-GP9ybf86CvXTHgASCey8LFkEFH0zeKazmXgdPR132rJc2_6tniEqaWbJGMo3W-WB9kX6T_F8FRd2qHEvfBKg3m8X/s3000/Controle%20simples%20com%20POTlinear%20pcbbottomside.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEissoY011o7nOwl-aI7UUggt2TxxT-IC3YHR6VrF2xUNXf9oipyTz8VwXTCPKtkqPGy6VmCjMU539fWQfaJ-tlZi-zaDLW8dTb-GP9ybf86CvXTHgASCey8LFkEFH0zeKazmXgdPR132rJc2_6tniEqaWbJGMo3W-WB9kX6T_F8FRd2qHEvfBKg3m8X/s320/Controle%20simples%20com%20POTlinear%20pcbbottomside.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWUWQAbV_5ifnFL1bqYTRG0326__VloS1aTx8gCFXXyVQSJeHQopyJCYRlHfDx4yupLyFodo-vmHFzEWIn9r7VHl3yd8Ubzhu6725_eVK7_Fd29t8nleefk71ne5jNiTW6iUjnXEkj_dzWkprCkUBFJ-3XDzabdlPzbdYSMYd31JVkEhkD0LQ7SsmL/s3000/Controle%20simples%20com%20POTlinear%20pcbtopside.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWUWQAbV_5ifnFL1bqYTRG0326__VloS1aTx8gCFXXyVQSJeHQopyJCYRlHfDx4yupLyFodo-vmHFzEWIn9r7VHl3yd8Ubzhu6725_eVK7_Fd29t8nleefk71ne5jNiTW6iUjnXEkj_dzWkprCkUBFJ-3XDzabdlPzbdYSMYd31JVkEhkD0LQ7SsmL/s320/Controle%20simples%20com%20POTlinear%20pcbtopside.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt; PCB no lado da solda (Bottom Side)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; PCB no lado dos componentes (Top Side)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;02 Capacitores de poliéster ou cerâmicos de 100nF/250V (C1 e C2).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Diodo retificador 1N4148 (D1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Lâmpada halogênica de 110-127V/100W (L1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Potenciômetro Linear de 10 ou 100k (R2).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Resistor de 2k7 Ohm/5W (R1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 SCR TIC106D ou BT151 (SCR1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgBIpUyVL7lybETolJHQefwG2wPOXbfp-Cjp10GySQ03143cYD2lVe62Rt57_1qbr4VPNyk1PnCp4jcJeEdyPIkqOyMJG79A7DuYzkzIxfMVvMTKuwLlCKI8M_6eVZW5fXJseg2hdsgRPtR2JvcvYhU7jOxMQ9-lBlL7owo60dsh5xJEN03EH8bX3lUfA=s1274&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;608&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1274&quot; height=&quot;153&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgBIpUyVL7lybETolJHQefwG2wPOXbfp-Cjp10GySQ03143cYD2lVe62Rt57_1qbr4VPNyk1PnCp4jcJeEdyPIkqOyMJG79A7DuYzkzIxfMVvMTKuwLlCKI8M_6eVZW5fXJseg2hdsgRPtR2JvcvYhU7jOxMQ9-lBlL7owo60dsh5xJEN03EH8bX3lUfA=s320&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Circuito de controle de cargas por SCR, da NASA:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1_SEBKYxjoH9JvWBIphKQgI0_xlMdNEBiEYNtMMBI3AqSUNFHYnH3mHtmfVXWuqKBWbf0Iz1zXCjI0FNLpRZrT_FER1SySVfiZSo8EsdGvaolU5RrGlpLr0w-aEHRp_YNKCEOYJu6oqIorvSJ4vUnX74sH4k9Tn8XoKuXi5Bm6SkUlrVX0x_qAIOm/s467/Diagrama%20do%20circuito%20de%20controle%20da%20NASA.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;305&quot; data-original-width=&quot;467&quot; height=&quot;209&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1_SEBKYxjoH9JvWBIphKQgI0_xlMdNEBiEYNtMMBI3AqSUNFHYnH3mHtmfVXWuqKBWbf0Iz1zXCjI0FNLpRZrT_FER1SySVfiZSo8EsdGvaolU5RrGlpLr0w-aEHRp_YNKCEOYJu6oqIorvSJ4vUnX74sH4k9Tn8XoKuXi5Bm6SkUlrVX0x_qAIOm/s320/Diagrama%20do%20circuito%20de%20controle%20da%20NASA.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Observem, o diferencial está na separação do sinal positivo, de forma que garanta que haverá apenas um pulso positivo no Gate do SCR1. O potenciômetro R2 pode ter valores de 500, 1k e 10k linear, a diferença é a faixa de operação útil da porcentagem do dispositivo e o respectivo ângulo de disparo correspondente do tiristor, R1 tem 5W de potência e valor de 2k7 (2700) Ohm, C3 tem o valor de 1uF/250V, eletrolítico, cuidado para não inverter a polarização... C3 é colocado em paralelo a R2, R3 e D2, estabilizam a corrente e sinal AC, já o circuito formado por C2 e R4 estabilizam corrente e sinal positivo no Gate do SCR1.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Veja ao lado o diagrama elétrico similar feito ao lado, sendo esse esquema bem parecido, nos detalhes de conectores, com o Dimmer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjYOu2nekdtkNjQrKVWJSiTMTdFnnLnKQb7XjYeyjilAxKXw0drvMrq115_YJCo-lxYMcMHE3S9fq3d3bsSjqUvdePmzeezfzdhrou1oz4Nq2dUEVox-S-Kpn2nFuCnmXKN9z-OwCDQ9ECD6mNqSnmnIy59JbQDs815YxN6Efom9Y7aQlch0w0RVwJ/s354/PCB%20completo%20circuito%20de%20controle%20da%20NASA.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;319&quot; data-original-width=&quot;354&quot; height=&quot;288&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjYOu2nekdtkNjQrKVWJSiTMTdFnnLnKQb7XjYeyjilAxKXw0drvMrq115_YJCo-lxYMcMHE3S9fq3d3bsSjqUvdePmzeezfzdhrou1oz4Nq2dUEVox-S-Kpn2nFuCnmXKN9z-OwCDQ9ECD6mNqSnmnIy59JbQDs815YxN6Efom9Y7aQlch0w0RVwJ/s320/PCB%20completo%20circuito%20de%20controle%20da%20NASA.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O SCR1 pode ser o TIC 106D ou BT151, a carga pode ser resistiva até 100W/127V ou indutiva, com resultados similares. Veja a disposição do componente no PCB completo ao lado e outros detalhes construtivos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Repeti o padrão de projeto do primeiro circuito de modo que eles fossem fáceis de fazer e encaixar em qualquer caixa de controle, montar e usar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Com a variação de R2, temos o controle do brilho da lâmpada ou rotação de um ventilador, por exemplo. O potenciômetro pode ter valores de 500 Ohm até 10k, consegui melhores resultados com 10 e 100k, a experiência vai dizer qual escolha será melhor!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Abaixo os lay-out do PCB desse circuito:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo9qd2D091ANqgEcYJu7RCe6q80s5srhAozFIWE5bzINg47WeJRaG4OO2tBIwyz8jLeP1R6BsfbP_VgDZ9Num5E58npBmCMQMvhnSXnzWtVA8Y38RUySQUfBo178_Mc7VtxV9rszaCX6QGnJKtOq81dUdUUW2R2KyiyfYzRkFOzoX4VjfOwd9CsyVM/s3000/Circuito%20de%20controle%20da%20NASA%20pcbbottonside.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo9qd2D091ANqgEcYJu7RCe6q80s5srhAozFIWE5bzINg47WeJRaG4OO2tBIwyz8jLeP1R6BsfbP_VgDZ9Num5E58npBmCMQMvhnSXnzWtVA8Y38RUySQUfBo178_Mc7VtxV9rszaCX6QGnJKtOq81dUdUUW2R2KyiyfYzRkFOzoX4VjfOwd9CsyVM/s320/Circuito%20de%20controle%20da%20NASA%20pcbbottonside.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWxTIzngMz_gX6YSuDh5Nr8Sw6vFgcIaGWx-5w_f5Al9f2EE7t4OuIlA2MEJ-j4Q3IJn10zzOnkGPwQeHuf3axJ0LoPiM_-yqsESPF_WKwQCtN_ltCH4rBgS8YjEwRXiyChm0vnawfJpM2padf7GXRwBV8eR7G5qDpt3nzL20zXHfc0ZrT-lHKw6EV/s3000/Circuito%20de%20controle%20da%20NASA%20pcbtopside.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWxTIzngMz_gX6YSuDh5Nr8Sw6vFgcIaGWx-5w_f5Al9f2EE7t4OuIlA2MEJ-j4Q3IJn10zzOnkGPwQeHuf3axJ0LoPiM_-yqsESPF_WKwQCtN_ltCH4rBgS8YjEwRXiyChm0vnawfJpM2padf7GXRwBV8eR7G5qDpt3nzL20zXHfc0ZrT-lHKw6EV/s320/Circuito%20de%20controle%20da%20NASA%20pcbtopside.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Lado da solda (Bottom Side)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Lado dos componentes (Top Side)&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Lista de materiais:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Capacitor de 1uF/250V eletrolítico (C3).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Capacitor de 2,2uF/250V eletrolítico (C2).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Chave liga-desliga (S1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;02 Diodos 1N4148 retificador (D1 e D2).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Lâmpada halogênica de 100W/127V (L1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Resistor de 2k7/5W (R1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;01 Potenciômetro de 500, 1k, 10k linear (R2).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Resistor de 100 Ohm, 0,5W (R3).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Resistor de 220 Ohm, 0,125W (R4).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 SCR TIC106D ou BT151 (SCR1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Circuito de controle de SCR usando PUT:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/kL0dmqmYenY&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;kL0dmqmYenY&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Observem o circuito abaixo, o circuito usa um PUT, o 2N6027 ou 2N6028.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghzncXVys4NZb5dvL-Sic7N6OxeFhHawDW4yBkLC8scJhroCF7mwkMxLhY8JMBwJE-wbOAwsXvUOH2yxgyhpOMyubKU82oWvLJI5JTBZ7SP-2iv2LduDKWhXls9zS8crW20odD3gXj5ddHOX1Z4VBAhMDREH_jg0vHW77BIDFvzRR532n3Iabr5nlQ/s1438/Controle%20total%20com%20PUT.png&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;524&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1438&quot; height=&quot;117&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghzncXVys4NZb5dvL-Sic7N6OxeFhHawDW4yBkLC8scJhroCF7mwkMxLhY8JMBwJE-wbOAwsXvUOH2yxgyhpOMyubKU82oWvLJI5JTBZ7SP-2iv2LduDKWhXls9zS8crW20odD3gXj5ddHOX1Z4VBAhMDREH_jg0vHW77BIDFvzRR532n3Iabr5nlQ/s320/Controle%20total%20com%20PUT.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Neste circuito, usei uma ponte de diodos, que pode ser feita com diodos de até 1A, ou uma ponte pronta com esse valor, o diodo zener adapta a tensão para 12VDC e a configuração formada por R2, C2, R3, R4 e R5, criam o trem de pulsos, positivamente, que dispara o SCR1. C1 dá estabilidade minimizando o riple(ondulação) produzido na entrada do D2. R1 tem 5W de potência e limita a corrente que alimenta o circuito do PUT, o PUT1 foi dimensionado obedecendo dicas do fabricante, confiram o datasheet do fabricante escolhido para maiores informações. Variando o R2, controlamos a intensidade do brilho da lâmpada, nesse circuito indicado para carga resistiva.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lista de materiais:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Capacitor eletrolítico de 470uF/50V (C1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Capacitor de poliéster de 100nF/250V(C2).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Chave liga-desliga (S1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Diodo zener de 12V, 0,5W (D2).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Lâmpada halogênica de 100W, 127V (L1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Potenciômetro de 10k linear (R2).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Ponte de diodos de 1A/250V (D1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 PUT 2N6027 ou 2N6028 (PUT1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Resistor de 250 Ohm/5W (R1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;02 Resistores de 15K, 0,125W (R3 e R4).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Resistor de 15 Ohm, 0,125W (R5).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 SCR TIC106D ou BT151 (SCR1).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZOc-zZ2wOQVJofWsUHbAcyX3BTutL0INlSv_YonUq3yW1ZmYdmDqESczwnyoNIVs-vgangRxG7dvxAZiNFpcedipb6Ge4cDOJ_fQBtSouXZDVvRb-GzqZ4lPCH_J0LWffkRuRATpdJGN7j0hP31ViqsrcMy7oSMxTMOFeVb0IlfxUUHv7ifmM-b1F/s655/Controle%20de%20pot%C3%AAncia%20com%20PUT%20diagrama%20el%C3%A9trico.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;411&quot; data-original-width=&quot;655&quot; height=&quot;201&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZOc-zZ2wOQVJofWsUHbAcyX3BTutL0INlSv_YonUq3yW1ZmYdmDqESczwnyoNIVs-vgangRxG7dvxAZiNFpcedipb6Ge4cDOJ_fQBtSouXZDVvRb-GzqZ4lPCH_J0LWffkRuRATpdJGN7j0hP31ViqsrcMy7oSMxTMOFeVb0IlfxUUHv7ifmM-b1F/s320/Controle%20de%20pot%C3%AAncia%20com%20PUT%20diagrama%20el%C3%A9trico.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Confiram agora o diagrama elétrico feito com o Eagle, ao lado, os valores do potenciômetro P1, C2, R3, R4 e R1 podem ser trocados, para adaptar o ângulo de disparo desejado. Com cargas resistivas R1 pode variar entre 2,5k a 4,5k, P1 se tiver 100k, tem um controle mais eficaz, variando o ângulo de disparo, R1 e R2, podem assumir valores de 1k cada, claro que a experimentação prática vai poder determinar os melhores valores em função da carga usada. C1 pode variar de 100 a 470uF/ 50V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIp1OWohCBqJqvtjX-fjejFTDcmBYKyqn_aP55ZC8vlkpvMePMrsuUeJWI1GhMUIPnTBJTcuOl1etG21g_e8AxXz1YRf18wqXDvEfxu1gEK3n67YTmOLpUcyy7FvkmuS3nPAzjj28NDP9EaYa0RfwiZTZE-XCsOcTQn5az74gjFSNR2g_c35kRY8yh/s377/Controle%20de%20pot%C3%AAncia%20com%20PUT%20layout%20completo.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;377&quot; data-original-width=&quot;333&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIp1OWohCBqJqvtjX-fjejFTDcmBYKyqn_aP55ZC8vlkpvMePMrsuUeJWI1GhMUIPnTBJTcuOl1etG21g_e8AxXz1YRf18wqXDvEfxu1gEK3n67YTmOLpUcyy7FvkmuS3nPAzjj28NDP9EaYa0RfwiZTZE-XCsOcTQn5az74gjFSNR2g_c35kRY8yh/s320/Controle%20de%20pot%C3%AAncia%20com%20PUT%20layout%20completo.png&quot; width=&quot;283&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Layout completo do projeto ao lado:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipH3fMUcyDOTajOfHJw-22qT3PTP0jBVz5Y0KPxe0kS0A5T-t-ajBX0eZAh4_vE5XVWil51d1Y5Xuyb_aDhyxvqDyYwTcsO-mzqVk4HmVDYCXg5b3afs1bGO2ZyhQZzSfXo-TyuR16Xnzib4UX_7a4L8c2d0rOizJnhgkSkkB2ZcdOCGa9r8xipBoi/s3000/Controle%20de%20pot%C3%AAncia%20com%20PUT%20top%20side.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipH3fMUcyDOTajOfHJw-22qT3PTP0jBVz5Y0KPxe0kS0A5T-t-ajBX0eZAh4_vE5XVWil51d1Y5Xuyb_aDhyxvqDyYwTcsO-mzqVk4HmVDYCXg5b3afs1bGO2ZyhQZzSfXo-TyuR16Xnzib4UX_7a4L8c2d0rOizJnhgkSkkB2ZcdOCGa9r8xipBoi/s320/Controle%20de%20pot%C3%AAncia%20com%20PUT%20top%20side.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lay out do topside, lado dos componentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1LH1001w4G7MNzD8924yExenFBkY-xF42qvJOglgHsolUQPNLNaPk7k6W4D29Mtw7ypdHoVEwlt7546t_2GgIv_w8Sd71FzVwLN0DTAkzAMZMkFstMhoelqhnxllO5VjaYtT0j-bKlbrLGOaaYTfGI0RLJ8tLOjAoX4HthDXxBS410PI_IUHVwsgl/s3000/Controle%20de%20pot%C3%AAncia%20com%20PUT%20bottom%20side.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1LH1001w4G7MNzD8924yExenFBkY-xF42qvJOglgHsolUQPNLNaPk7k6W4D29Mtw7ypdHoVEwlt7546t_2GgIv_w8Sd71FzVwLN0DTAkzAMZMkFstMhoelqhnxllO5VjaYtT0j-bKlbrLGOaaYTfGI0RLJ8tLOjAoX4HthDXxBS410PI_IUHVwsgl/s320/Controle%20de%20pot%C3%AAncia%20com%20PUT%20bottom%20side.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lay out do bottom side, lado da solda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Boas práticas para todos! Postem dúvidas nos comentários, abraços!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;#eletronicaindustrial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#eletronicadepotencia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#automaçãoecontrole&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#powerelectronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#eletrônica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contato:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;arabutam@gmail.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Redes sociais:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Guru Engenheiro - Facebook&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;@guru_eletronico - Instagram&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Guru Eletrônico - Facebook&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Guru Eletrônico- YouTube&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;@binho_ouros - Twitter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/6223172274433005863/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2022/03/circuitos-de-controle-ac-para-scr.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/6223172274433005863'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/6223172274433005863'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2022/03/circuitos-de-controle-ac-para-scr.html' title='Circuitos de controle AC para SCR, com layout completo'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpHfgsN83LYY39zqX-A7DOtzLPn5jMeylsZDI_4g8MZ9FNs5mfx6jqnCkyTa1SadvcagZe91P9tOYVavpViW4sDQbxuN-uBosxmBPkr1FiAmLtohlC2803Ah464-LWVBbCo5MPzXmroF1cZvc9RLGeb_BrC1Dw8Z6r1QXsj6FYvD6QGJbFDQdvc4g10w=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-8459349107234263544</id><published>2023-11-14T11:00:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:42:38.741-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Projeto de automatização de reservatório.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; font-family: Oswald; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Oswald;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Olá, pessoal, desenvolvi esse projeto, me baseando em algumas ideias&amp;nbsp;que vi na net, ele tem módulos simples, que ainda podem ser agregados sensores e um sistema de comunicação e comando via bluetooth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A primeira sugestiva é utilizar uma fonte linear ajustável, como divulgada num artigo anterior, como observado abaixo:&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fontes&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib-3imicfUen1TCBkxsHAG2louvjDNscyUJG4vybuOZYZ33QL1NcAyZjGDDoFrDyJmhsSwU71niuX-bxKfgJZS2mCln2qmCUlP3lEUyRNNHKrcRBhPMndtNfOvIblE8t2Y-idPJO-ZpO8/s1600/Fonte+linear.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;101&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib-3imicfUen1TCBkxsHAG2louvjDNscyUJG4vybuOZYZ33QL1NcAyZjGDDoFrDyJmhsSwU71niuX-bxKfgJZS2mCln2qmCUlP3lEUyRNNHKrcRBhPMndtNfOvIblE8t2Y-idPJO-ZpO8/s1600/Fonte+linear.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Como comentado antes, essa fonte possui tensão regulada na saída e proteção contra curto-circuito, muito adequado para proteger o sistema e fornecer um nível satisfatório de voltagem, que satisfaz a condição de operação. É recomendado usar a configuração sugerida, para ajustar a tensão em função de perdas. Teremos assim melhor estabilidade funcional, compensando a distância da caixa ou reservatório, da unidade de comando e sensoriamento.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM7hxQHRVNp30lngy9swz9SnzYTKP8f15cD_foUisHkZJMOuOf-tBAQo6kYHhUHFzhkyqi4wytW4PruMmX3ubqQ6f7bMLE1ri3zVy2Rw_9iekTwieMWx_Bd5KZIF-NUK2-u9tJNQgbQHs/s1600/Fonte+linear+PCB.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;223&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM7hxQHRVNp30lngy9swz9SnzYTKP8f15cD_foUisHkZJMOuOf-tBAQo6kYHhUHFzhkyqi4wytW4PruMmX3ubqQ6f7bMLE1ri3zVy2Rw_9iekTwieMWx_Bd5KZIF-NUK2-u9tJNQgbQHs/s1600/Fonte+linear+PCB.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Recomendo montarem a fonte em caixa de alumínio, com aterramento de caixa e com fixação do TIP31, obedecendo a isolação do mesmo e usando a caixa como meio de dissipação, já que a fonte linear é de 1A, observem figura ao lado. Vejam os detalhes dos componentes, em especial, a disposição do trafo e circuito de filtragem e proteção. A fonte tem corrente suficiente para alimentar os sensores e circuitos lógicos, fica sugerido usar fiação até uma distância de 30 metros, acima disso será necessário otimizar e usar bluetooth ou criar um link de rádio para efetuar comando e receber informações dos sensores. Maiores detalhes, consultem o artigo publicado sobre fontes de tensão:&amp;nbsp;http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com.br/2012/10/fontes-praticas-pro-dia-dia.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
Conector AC, padrão fonte ATX de PC, tri-way.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C1, C2 - Capacitor cerâmico ou poliéster de 150nF/250V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C3 - Capacitor eletrolítico polarizado de 47uF/25V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C4 - Capacitor de 100nF/250V, cerâmico ou poliéster.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C5 - Capacitor eletrolítico polarizado de 47uF/25V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;D1, D2 - Diodo retificador 1N4004.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;D3 - Diodo zener de 13V/1W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;F1 - Fusível de 0,1A/250V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;L1, L2 - Indutâncias, ver figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Led1 - Led vermelho padrão.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Q1 - Transístor BC327 PNP.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1 - Varistor S20K250, ver figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R2 - Resistor de fio de 330 Ohm/1W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R3 - Resistor de 1k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R4 - Potenciômetro de 10k linear.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R5 - Resistor de fio de 0,4 Ohm/0,5W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;T1 - Transístor TIP31, darlington, NPN.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;T2 - Transístor 2N2222, NPN.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;S1 - Chave seletora de 3 posições, ver figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;S2 - Chave liga-desliga, de 3 posições ver figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Módulo de controle&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbqvVQzBCI3A2hYRsY6TD86FBYRz9MrXJNmARMKBFKzNTxqleQu89u_3G0cIud2VQcFCvAUlYjneZ-54RIePvr_ojbbWyHULs-IUgp29ymVpVZRBM9ZBg37H8SDcH16dG_2agd8UXqSjA/s1600/contatoreletronicosch.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;147&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbqvVQzBCI3A2hYRsY6TD86FBYRz9MrXJNmARMKBFKzNTxqleQu89u_3G0cIud2VQcFCvAUlYjneZ-54RIePvr_ojbbWyHULs-IUgp29ymVpVZRBM9ZBg37H8SDcH16dG_2agd8UXqSjA/s1600/contatoreletronicosch.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Nesse módulo, a ativação da bomba é efetuada quando o sensor sinalizar abaixo de 25% e a bomba é desligada ao atingir 100% do nível de reservatório, sendo assim otimizado o ciclo de uso da bomba d&#39;água e a energia consumida pelo circuito ao lado, observe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL4YjRJU8e-LIuCFrpRrPIqcviiGP2eWg9N6y0fe0QMBtqeLHoE00BEvdSTT12U_unOjxGurEjmPGkcEGn6_LuzlzjthmMhzUUMfBLYrTplAx_iWKOfDD7WCZYo2ZfrE5yrHaPNMELRZk/s1600/contatoreletronicopcb.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;149&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL4YjRJU8e-LIuCFrpRrPIqcviiGP2eWg9N6y0fe0QMBtqeLHoE00BEvdSTT12U_unOjxGurEjmPGkcEGn6_LuzlzjthmMhzUUMfBLYrTplAx_iWKOfDD7WCZYo2ZfrE5yrHaPNMELRZk/s1600/contatoreletronicopcb.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;No circuito de controle só poderemos acionar a bomba, na falta de água em 25% e desliga ao atingir 100%, ou seja, é ativa acionando o gatilho do SCR BT151, pra falta de água e desativa na presença da água, em 100% do tanque, aplicando um pulso entre anodo e catodo. O SCR BT151, possui a característica de selo, é equivalente ao SCR TIC106 e tem um resultado semelhante a um comando elétrico feito num contator. A primeira vantagem é a simplicidade do circuito e a facilidade de usar sensores como boias&amp;nbsp;para integrar nele, a outra sugestiva são os reed-switch., tomando apenas o cuidado para inverter a lógica no sensor de 25%, sugiro usar boias&amp;nbsp;de água que tenham contatos NA (normalmente aberto), para o caso dos sensores de 50, 75 e 100%, o sensor de 25 % terá que ser uma boia&amp;nbsp;NA e NF (normalmente fechado), para o caso de controle do nível e acionamento da bomba de água. Confira o PCB do circuito acima, ao lado.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Usei essa configuração pela simplicidade operacional e lógica, além de fornecer um controle seguro, pois a lógica anterior não garantia selamento para acionar a bomba de água e na mudança do nível lógico dos sensores, sendo que a lógica digital seria mais complexa e usaria mais componentes, encarecendo o projeto. No entanto, nada impede de estudar o caso e adaptar uma lógica digital para um controle aprimorado por computador ou CLP.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Usei conectores de dois pontos, como o CONEC1 e 2, e o conector de 3 pontos, que é o CONEC3, o relé K1, é o G5LE, que é alimentado na bobina com 12VDC, 30mA, e a carga é de 220 VAC/10A.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Pode ser acrescentado um circuito snubber, entre o anodo e catodo do BT151, realizarei teste e informarei aqui.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Confiram o fotolito do Módulo de Controle:&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWWoxGfA6iysajNXuEcvGaJIPPXgLfQ-0QGG9gW362f_nMQ_VETaNE7c-MJTIZjw1Jgz8r17xYGlgdgmKrad5WGyzf6-4t-OYzYvjCvA_i9CKA-E9sp1SEI9QAvuRQKe38bk9H-pNb4SU/s1600/contatoreletronicopcbmono.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWWoxGfA6iysajNXuEcvGaJIPPXgLfQ-0QGG9gW362f_nMQ_VETaNE7c-MJTIZjw1Jgz8r17xYGlgdgmKrad5WGyzf6-4t-OYzYvjCvA_i9CKA-E9sp1SEI9QAvuRQKe38bk9H-pNb4SU/s1600/contatoreletronicopcbmono.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhga3kEZXKXvIVz-iL7TK4_ZGrnDkGJpEbvs3SbfycGvih4vpMCmoMVSrBUfi-0X-EGBfQlRQhkpRVQAnFQCaTKTZelpVC8gNtyr7WL75Jzln63_WiKpGIcxsjtOIPyd7JdZPHlXHy9LQrwMN9EoauwSSbnNALUZQ-zLEw47e05HJO3g1uIZgofETjE=s1464&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhga3kEZXKXvIVz-iL7TK4_ZGrnDkGJpEbvs3SbfycGvih4vpMCmoMVSrBUfi-0X-EGBfQlRQhkpRVQAnFQCaTKTZelpVC8gNtyr7WL75Jzln63_WiKpGIcxsjtOIPyd7JdZPHlXHy9LQrwMN9EoauwSSbnNALUZQ-zLEw47e05HJO3g1uIZgofETjE=s1464&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhga3kEZXKXvIVz-iL7TK4_ZGrnDkGJpEbvs3SbfycGvih4vpMCmoMVSrBUfi-0X-EGBfQlRQhkpRVQAnFQCaTKTZelpVC8gNtyr7WL75Jzln63_WiKpGIcxsjtOIPyd7JdZPHlXHy9LQrwMN9EoauwSSbnNALUZQ-zLEw47e05HJO3g1uIZgofETjE=s1464&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhga3kEZXKXvIVz-iL7TK4_ZGrnDkGJpEbvs3SbfycGvih4vpMCmoMVSrBUfi-0X-EGBfQlRQhkpRVQAnFQCaTKTZelpVC8gNtyr7WL75Jzln63_WiKpGIcxsjtOIPyd7JdZPHlXHy9LQrwMN9EoauwSSbnNALUZQ-zLEw47e05HJO3g1uIZgofETjE=s1464&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;CONEC1,2- Conectores de 2 pontos, ver figuras e texto.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;CONEC3- Conector de 3 pontos, ver figuras e texto.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;D1- Diodo 1N4004, o 1N4148, também serve.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;K1- Relé tipo G5LE, 12VDC/220VAC/10A.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;R1- Resistor de 10k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;T1- Transistor NPN, BC547 ou 548.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;T2- SCR BT151.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZsuVi1NJJiRQFDN9n8x59ww8OKBVryXWYTzb0GKB4DsEWZVi23vKIWwbohIK50YlenycXSQy5HJ3q_6F2-Uz6Hwe3YjJSqeYqw64S8rm8YMW4arLqnLR8QPls2Gkj0soYeOVoUEEfpymDNrrJ9_mRNiJq_7_822LZwkK8z0ZNDBn-9SppsOVYVNsU/s764/Controle%20de%20bomba%20de%20%C3%A1gua%20com%20o%20555.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;396&quot; data-original-width=&quot;764&quot; height=&quot;166&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZsuVi1NJJiRQFDN9n8x59ww8OKBVryXWYTzb0GKB4DsEWZVi23vKIWwbohIK50YlenycXSQy5HJ3q_6F2-Uz6Hwe3YjJSqeYqw64S8rm8YMW4arLqnLR8QPls2Gkj0soYeOVoUEEfpymDNrrJ9_mRNiJq_7_822LZwkK8z0ZNDBn-9SppsOVYVNsU/s320/Controle%20de%20bomba%20de%20%C3%A1gua%20com%20o%20555.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Outra alternativa pode ser empregada usando o timer 555 &lt;/b&gt;como acionador da bomba de água, bastando desligar a mesma ao ser atingido 100% o nível de água no reservatório, já para acionar a bomba, basta o reservatório cair abaixo de 25%, prosseguindo o abastecimento até 100% do tanque, observe a figura ao lado e veja os detalhes de ligações das conexões. Esse circuito é muito simples, eficaz e confiável, sendo também bem econômico para se construir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Veja o detalhe do PCB do lado da solda (botton) e lado dos componentes (top).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbTkabIQ18W5poAvsS-2DKdv1GsPcpY6wbyapRxXEAkc10sIM2rNi5v7ciLwM1_MAL3G9ZZXf1RIDE7DX8bIvaEP8tX8vCC8ponj48aHCcX1J0e47VDDp937Htx95TWwFNKXxo82eAqZzqca4mc1NDRkrQbKljug_MsUAtSJ6Xnnu0xt69LU41OEcj/s3000/Controle%20da%20bomba%20de%20%C3%A1gua%20botton.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbTkabIQ18W5poAvsS-2DKdv1GsPcpY6wbyapRxXEAkc10sIM2rNi5v7ciLwM1_MAL3G9ZZXf1RIDE7DX8bIvaEP8tX8vCC8ponj48aHCcX1J0e47VDDp937Htx95TWwFNKXxo82eAqZzqca4mc1NDRkrQbKljug_MsUAtSJ6Xnnu0xt69LU41OEcj/s320/Controle%20da%20bomba%20de%20%C3%A1gua%20botton.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Lado da solda&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;, &lt;/b&gt;procurei fazer o aproveitamento dos componentes, visando facilidades para manutenção e instalação, além da estética no estado da arte!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsCkSk4AbbJjnV8JuzYlSkr72aN_B4FWCQQ0LZvtKIji0nFNyo34BhEjkWpTonSG-2G_OshD4MwG05hbFhAbVwJG3m4vSFmfxsfkCkWzInN8Z67fEKKKNmJkPWztr3VfXR-WZ1NTJfbeEGmdhNCsD9eJfmQUXsMeTwBx4Vz0Y4lxd25Y0G-67d-9Sx/s3000/Controle%20da%20bomba%20de%20%C3%A1gua%20top.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsCkSk4AbbJjnV8JuzYlSkr72aN_B4FWCQQ0LZvtKIji0nFNyo34BhEjkWpTonSG-2G_OshD4MwG05hbFhAbVwJG3m4vSFmfxsfkCkWzInN8Z67fEKKKNmJkPWztr3VfXR-WZ1NTJfbeEGmdhNCsD9eJfmQUXsMeTwBx4Vz0Y4lxd25Y0G-67d-9Sx/s320/Controle%20da%20bomba%20de%20%C3%A1gua%20top.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Lado dos componentes,&lt;/b&gt; veja que o lay out foi pensado numa instalação em caixa que facilite a entrada dos fios dos sensores e ao mesmo tempo proteja os módulos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;CONEC X1,2- Conectores de 3 pontos, ver figuras e texto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;CONEC X3- Conector de 2 pontos, ver figuras e texto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;C1- Capacitor eletrolítico de 100uF/25V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;C2- Capacitor de poliéster de 100nF/100V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;CI 1- LM 555.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;D1- Diodo 1N4004, o 1N4148, também serve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;K1- Relé tipo G5LE, 12VDC/220VAC/10A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;R1-R3- Resistor de 10k/1/8W.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;R2- Resistor de 100Ohm/1/8W.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Q1-Q2- Transistor NPN, BC547 ou 548.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Módulo de&amp;nbsp;Sensoriamento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZG-r3Z-_rj0FOQLcVEnpWCsmOGkhcNqXnrf-WY-SpZvQWJfkFBPy0BJQSuou1uOt_JhbT1esrnWFz4qAe0QFMm0oMuvOujQGDmFz0S9llfVufgjrEIQ6hqDHcjdHWXH85ASjHnZtjmhnUbkMdQetb-g35CaKJazYAp8hmku8M43pafQHnQ_jLLZne=s1464&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;771&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1464&quot; height=&quot;169&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZG-r3Z-_rj0FOQLcVEnpWCsmOGkhcNqXnrf-WY-SpZvQWJfkFBPy0BJQSuou1uOt_JhbT1esrnWFz4qAe0QFMm0oMuvOujQGDmFz0S9llfVufgjrEIQ6hqDHcjdHWXH85ASjHnZtjmhnUbkMdQetb-g35CaKJazYAp8hmku8M43pafQHnQ_jLLZne=s320&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;O sensoriamento&amp;nbsp;é feito pela comparação feita pelos amplificadores operacionais LM339, confira a figura ao lado. No sensoriamento, podemos também sinalizar o nível de ocupação do tanque em 25, 50, 75 e 100%. K1 sinaliza e chaveia relé em 100%, e no começo, k4, sinaliza 25%.&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Imaginei uma estrutura que usa um cano de PVC, com as fiações emborrachadas, sendo descapadas apenas nos pontos de sensoriamento.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pode ser utilizado também um isopor com um imã e uma série de reed-sweetches acopladas no cano, internamente, com a mesma disposição da fiação.&lt;br /&gt;
Como sugestiva podemos usar outras configurações que serão postadas futuramente e que também servem como sensores. Os relés acionados podem ligar lâmpadas de sinalização ou circuitos com a mesma finalidade e alimentar o módulo lógico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy3Hn3-OuaMPJruUdSn6-3DT1c0Rf2ScaZiII3hrXjPI2HwnE4E34ApxAb6SMd9HQL8PqGDpO0_3BTyljaP7JQoU24oAKbWYjy7ONurMH-rxEjhnuoCqODUkMKu6QmvTWevuRHHZmVBgM0Jz5nWG4wZcVnNTgwJmTDMyaxfTuAfqR-6g3WWsPjzFLR/s706/PCB%20completo%20do%20Comparador%20LM339.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;475&quot; data-original-width=&quot;706&quot; height=&quot;215&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy3Hn3-OuaMPJruUdSn6-3DT1c0Rf2ScaZiII3hrXjPI2HwnE4E34ApxAb6SMd9HQL8PqGDpO0_3BTyljaP7JQoU24oAKbWYjy7ONurMH-rxEjhnuoCqODUkMKu6QmvTWevuRHHZmVBgM0Jz5nWG4wZcVnNTgwJmTDMyaxfTuAfqR-6g3WWsPjzFLR/s320/PCB%20completo%20do%20Comparador%20LM339.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;Analise a figura ao lado, na direita e verifiquem o lay-out de circuito impresso, observem que foi criado jumpers&amp;nbsp;para otimizar o aproveitamento de face simples e melhorar os custos de produção da placa, ela também pode ser montada em placa universal, com wire-up.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Usei 16 jumpers no total para interligar as trilhas do circuito, com um acabamento no estado da arte!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSQU6noywz2KfOAEgDppFH6cF80zhW9y0rBvxyj278SmSFXCLJKVGZO8m_7oNy1U7PdP9S-tbaNc19WZjXWRphsoFamE3eXetCIuhtgb-MgpJGOcyYs1_-SFLiUh9Ok9sW7P57qP4g5rhwwrI-BiD3SIOhuptrpLlWBfgPqrpm367TYSniJhSIB58G/s3000/Comparador%20com%20LM339%20bottomside.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSQU6noywz2KfOAEgDppFH6cF80zhW9y0rBvxyj278SmSFXCLJKVGZO8m_7oNy1U7PdP9S-tbaNc19WZjXWRphsoFamE3eXetCIuhtgb-MgpJGOcyYs1_-SFLiUh9Ok9sW7P57qP4g5rhwwrI-BiD3SIOhuptrpLlWBfgPqrpm367TYSniJhSIB58G/s320/Comparador%20com%20LM339%20bottomside.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fiz um lay-out o mais otimizado possível e com o melhor aproveitamento, a resistência dos fios sensores ficam entre 20 a 30 ohm numa instalação de até 30 m de distância do tanque à unidade de sensoriamento&amp;nbsp;e comutação lógica. Vale a pena complementar que as trilhas que interligam os relés com as cargas AC de até 10A, devem ter necessariamente 2,5mm na placa, vejam o detalhe do Bottom Side na figura ao lado.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Aqui também pode ser usado configurações de bluetooth para distâncias de até 100 metros, e usar um módulo de fonte para alimentar esses circuitos, você pode usar um dos modelos de projetos de fontes citados anteriormente, ou o modelo da primeira figura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O circuito com o LM339 é melhor para o projeto, dada a eficácia do comparador, que é superior ao LM324. Tinha algumas falhas no circuito e optei substituir pelo LM339.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Simulei a eficácia desse circuito com o Circuit Maker e respondeu satisfatoriamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pessoal, tenho o lay-out profissional feito pelo Eagle do Top Side, olha aí:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS7O6FL6QqEkNT_WevkhOelDZNmW9F7nbmJeMPqtJ78qb64EKMeLYHvgm51yssX5ijdtOwWLtBJch-yEtJMp2dSVtzLG2nksUuNvBFx__wPo1B14-kjHQ2e-Pe0md4fPNR_nsN6n9qbwV06pBRvH5a0i3mM2h6-hBXJnYqSsV8HFBuNeCCTptHi5ZI/s3000/Comparador%20com%20LM339%20topside.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS7O6FL6QqEkNT_WevkhOelDZNmW9F7nbmJeMPqtJ78qb64EKMeLYHvgm51yssX5ijdtOwWLtBJch-yEtJMp2dSVtzLG2nksUuNvBFx__wPo1B14-kjHQ2e-Pe0md4fPNR_nsN6n9qbwV06pBRvH5a0i3mM2h6-hBXJnYqSsV8HFBuNeCCTptHi5ZI/s320/Comparador%20com%20LM339%20topside.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;O padrão de furação e o lay-out seguem a tendência do arquivo Gerber, e coloca a máscara verde padrão e as ilhas em amarelo, destacando o lado da solda do projeto. Veja o Top Side ao lado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Uma impressora CNC ou à laser, pode produzir esse lay-out removendo o cobre adicional deixando apenas as trilhas do circuito. Pode ser feito o fotolito como sugerido acima e transferido para uma placa de cobre por processo térmico, usando um ferro de passar roupa, em seguida é só corroer numa solução de percloreto de ferro. Isso é válido tanto para o lado dos componentes (Top Side) e o lado da solda (Bottom Side).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Na próxima figura temos o desenho do tanque e a sugestiva de instalação dos fios sensores no cano de 3/4 de polegadas de PVC.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Zg849ZseT3jqNL5pO8StG1iPAaEwg6TP4AUIDDxeLvGdXec3iNHWnhEdwwSdiJYBoWz_O7WMHpHqfiFY7qsSC1koernSN1fxFrSw_Mp8KIzViAfXKrEsPHBSN9whVyJ5HEwn3iAvzW4/s1600/Tanque.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Zg849ZseT3jqNL5pO8StG1iPAaEwg6TP4AUIDDxeLvGdXec3iNHWnhEdwwSdiJYBoWz_O7WMHpHqfiFY7qsSC1koernSN1fxFrSw_Mp8KIzViAfXKrEsPHBSN9whVyJ5HEwn3iAvzW4/s1600/Tanque.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Não importa o tamanho do tanque, o que é relevante, é fazer a divisão como é sugerido na figura, e pode ser implementado os canos com os fios internos ou reed switches interligados e com um isopor com um imã pra marcar a passagem pelos reed-switches; posso usar também as boias conforme sugeri acima.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Pode ser utilizado qualquer líquido, além da água, desde que não sejam inflamáveis. Outro modo é usar sensores de presença de líquido, fácil de encontrar no Mercado Livre.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C1- Capacitor de 470uF/25V, de poliéster.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;D1 a D8- Diodo retificador 1N4004, 1N4148 serve também.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;K1 a K4- Relé tipo G5LE, 12Vdc/110-220Vac, 10A.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Led1 a Led4- Led vermelho, verde, amarelo e azul, comum, médio de 5mm.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;X1 a X4- Conector de 3 posições, ver figuras acima.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1 a R4- Resistor de 1k, 1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;T1 a T4- Transístor NPN, BC547 ou 548.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;X5 a X9- Conector de 2 pontos, ver figuras acima.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Estou pesquisando melhorias desse circuito e aceito sugestões, maiores detalhes, forneço os circuitos e usamos o fórum desse post.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Abraços à todos! 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style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Oswald;&quot;&gt;ok!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/8459349107234263544/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/01/projeto-de-automatizacao-de-reservatorio.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/8459349107234263544'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/8459349107234263544'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/01/projeto-de-automatizacao-de-reservatorio.html' title='Projeto de automatização de reservatório.'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib-3imicfUen1TCBkxsHAG2louvjDNscyUJG4vybuOZYZ33QL1NcAyZjGDDoFrDyJmhsSwU71niuX-bxKfgJZS2mCln2qmCUlP3lEUyRNNHKrcRBhPMndtNfOvIblE8t2Y-idPJO-ZpO8/s72-c/Fonte+linear.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-591209917907220600</id><published>2023-07-23T15:00:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:43:58.176-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Sequencial com 4017 e timer 555</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFyPCeUd8s7aCT11WwhJyhv8_uPtJbcmN41QLPfRaCljtXG2_f9E-_UpmgixBbnck1gAcKe8T6nb7Vu7t9wLNSxY1LSthA08Vd8sD8O36QrGfIm24KCqOEfC8UU6T6nKEMwpFooB-M_AsiTeSH0MVfzpdUR6EXInfdHthc14_Jhc_tPMicOmG8Gnof=s1132&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;720&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1132&quot; height=&quot;204&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFyPCeUd8s7aCT11WwhJyhv8_uPtJbcmN41QLPfRaCljtXG2_f9E-_UpmgixBbnck1gAcKe8T6nb7Vu7t9wLNSxY1LSthA08Vd8sD8O36QrGfIm24KCqOEfC8UU6T6nKEMwpFooB-M_AsiTeSH0MVfzpdUR6EXInfdHthc14_Jhc_tPMicOmG8Gnof=s320&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Olá, pessoas, estou trazendo um circuito incrível bem conhecido do sequencial de leds usando o 4017 e o timer 555, nesse circuito o 555 dará a base de tempo para os leds correrem na sequência de 0 a 9, totalizando 10 posições, a ligação é simples e obedece ao esquema da figura abaixo, que foi simulada no aplicativo Circuit Maker.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjKDvmY1IIWOeYUOxqpI2DHl5AcO7XVrkevy_MG_-LxFM54mz4GLHpgh48gV3e2Ercg4_9e1EWSPtUcXI5pFTY4OcQOcybgFx-siDI3H-sJ_IQypcRyn7ryGVGOJtRdZt-YUrXqIy1qQCgSrCc7ZlrfvPqNL7dKmBqYkCg-SEMM3PiwuM776_NM262p=s879&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;426&quot; data-original-width=&quot;879&quot; height=&quot;155&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjKDvmY1IIWOeYUOxqpI2DHl5AcO7XVrkevy_MG_-LxFM54mz4GLHpgh48gV3e2Ercg4_9e1EWSPtUcXI5pFTY4OcQOcybgFx-siDI3H-sJ_IQypcRyn7ryGVGOJtRdZt-YUrXqIy1qQCgSrCc7ZlrfvPqNL7dKmBqYkCg-SEMM3PiwuM776_NM262p=s320&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Você vai usar a configuração astável do 555 e dispor os componentes conforme a figura, a alimentação pode variar de 9 a 12VDC, e os leds poderão ser no padrão de cores que você escolher, observando apenas terem o mesmo rendimento de corrente e tensão. Usei o Eagle para criar esse esquemático, e adotei essa configuração para melhor entendimento, o circuito aqui difere do modelo do Circuit Maker, mas é em essência a mesma coisa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O lay-out pode ser desenvolvido com um CAD como o Eagle, ou pode ser montado em matriz de contato, placa universal e PCB derivado do CAD.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxPIHWdW2sQPHVc2gAJQiovCfZoJe1MF84nJcRMA8gpRIKZGso3wGgAMW5II7AWWpWB3nciXUoNQqIBgIkcTZWXOGzm9Ye5iDwzAw7bYJHmHfJgTE2H-gNRsizJDXlY2uDuzrqdkLZjpn3oMNdrs4lDPWtutbCx2labRxlR-RE0kPQ3w_8E8kkTQ4A/s475/4017layout.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;475&quot; data-original-width=&quot;264&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxPIHWdW2sQPHVc2gAJQiovCfZoJe1MF84nJcRMA8gpRIKZGso3wGgAMW5II7AWWpWB3nciXUoNQqIBgIkcTZWXOGzm9Ye5iDwzAw7bYJHmHfJgTE2H-gNRsizJDXlY2uDuzrqdkLZjpn3oMNdrs4lDPWtutbCx2labRxlR-RE0kPQ3w_8E8kkTQ4A/s320/4017layout.png&quot; width=&quot;178&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Desenvolvi a versão desse circuito no Eagle, olhem só o lay-out completo do circuito ao lado e confiram o design. O lado da solda ou bottom side é apresentado aqui, além dos outros detalhes de conexões dos componentes. Na sequência os lados dos componentes, solda e detalhes construtivos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6JPhJluzjo7TlPgtqzwDrzcQaUsLRSBNNmXk4gMNiGFNqMJvbp5jRtAhk3LK80YEX6P-tB3tBTDiAszSZniGFHxeiUMDGySiWbD3jT776HrH-oUPvznI67ONyi8khYHrXVOTZ_Y7flICr_IR29tUdlKn-bzHKf58piqvkqgV4TZLIjz39LhgQM5oQ/s3000/Sequencial%20com%204017topside.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6JPhJluzjo7TlPgtqzwDrzcQaUsLRSBNNmXk4gMNiGFNqMJvbp5jRtAhk3LK80YEX6P-tB3tBTDiAszSZniGFHxeiUMDGySiWbD3jT776HrH-oUPvznI67ONyi8khYHrXVOTZ_Y7flICr_IR29tUdlKn-bzHKf58piqvkqgV4TZLIjz39LhgQM5oQ/s320/Sequencial%20com%204017topside.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Essa é a disposição no lado dos componentes, foi sugerido essa configuração, mas é possível o design dos leds em outros modos, como um desenho circular ou de polígono, em X1 temos a alimentação do circuito e X2, conecta-se o potenciômetro de 10k linear para interagir com o capacitor C1 e controlar a velocidade de acionamento dos leds.&amp;nbsp;Importante adaptar uma micro chave para interromper o positivo que é ligado em X1, você pode escolher usar uma fonte ou bateria para alimentar o circuito.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Confiram o design final feito pelo CAM do lado da solda:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgckz-YjNXfFtpDPht09z4R5wrEDUiAgGYWX2_pdTbHtoM-FvEhb89vvG443mxFT2V0MlLQpXpCN31MT4sI46pRD4P7NlNZPYIkZxRl7p9aatiqJlg1bVdB9qbqtddCP33mvx88FBDAXnSCT_338vks6t4YGvyEUpblOOQC8UOjpIe5112fgUA3wP3U/s3000/Sequencial%20com%204017bottom%20side.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgckz-YjNXfFtpDPht09z4R5wrEDUiAgGYWX2_pdTbHtoM-FvEhb89vvG443mxFT2V0MlLQpXpCN31MT4sI46pRD4P7NlNZPYIkZxRl7p9aatiqJlg1bVdB9qbqtddCP33mvx88FBDAXnSCT_338vks6t4YGvyEUpblOOQC8UOjpIe5112fgUA3wP3U/s320/Sequencial%20com%204017bottom%20side.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O circuito é reproduzido de uma forma fiel ao projeto e ao lay out geral, obedecendo aos detalhes construtivos das trilhas e conexões, claro que procurei desenvolver estimulando o estado da arte e poderia reproduzir esse sequencial de leds numa placa em forma de polígono, espelhada, etc... Vai da sua criatividade permitir um uso mais abrangente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pessoas, apresento um vídeo mostrando o teste do circuito:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dymEbRqwuh9KnHYpUxFf11eMPhhtjpI64Elp3U97V-c8dGf8ZGp3hkG7UlzKKMwlG7vQFvnOdAZw14PsaXCLA&#39; class=&#39;b-hbp-video b-uploaded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Boa montagem, poste sua dúvidas aqui, abraços!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lista de componentes&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 LM555 ou NE555, equivalente serve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 4017 CMOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Capacitor de poliéster de 100nF, 150V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Capacitor eletrolítico de 10uF, 25V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Conector de 2 terminais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Conector de 3 terminais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Chave pequena liga-desliga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;10 Leds de 5mm, de 30mA, +- 1,5V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Resistor de 1k, 0,125W.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;01 Resistor de 10k, 0.125W.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Boas montagens!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#sequencial4017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#timer555&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#4017cmos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#eletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; 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mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/591209917907220600/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2022/01/sequencial-com-4017-e-timer-555.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/591209917907220600'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/591209917907220600'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2022/01/sequencial-com-4017-e-timer-555.html' title='Sequencial com 4017 e timer 555'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFyPCeUd8s7aCT11WwhJyhv8_uPtJbcmN41QLPfRaCljtXG2_f9E-_UpmgixBbnck1gAcKe8T6nb7Vu7t9wLNSxY1LSthA08Vd8sD8O36QrGfIm24KCqOEfC8UU6T6nKEMwpFooB-M_AsiTeSH0MVfzpdUR6EXInfdHthc14_Jhc_tPMicOmG8Gnof=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Primavera do Leste, MT, Brasil</georss:featurename><georss:point>-15.5570854 -54.2974513</georss:point><georss:box>-46.458971272141639 -89.4537013 15.344800472141641 -19.1412013</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-5101795037822225854</id><published>2023-06-13T17:30:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:44:51.671-03:00</updated><title type='text'> Arranjos e Características de Subestação HVDC, SE-Araraquara 2, Araraquara-SP </title><content type='html'>&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A subestação HVDC de Araraquara é composta pelas seguintes partes:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Pátio AC de 500kV, e filtros AC, e arranjo disjuntor e meio;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Casa de Válvulas, filtragem &lt;b&gt;Snnuber&lt;/b&gt; e Inversão DC/AC;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Pátio DC, onde é recebido a linha de transmissão da Conversora&amp;nbsp;de Porto Velho-RO.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;A subestação Inversora, complementa a subestação Conversora, pois a energia AC (corrente alternada) é convertida em DC (corrente contínua) e transmitida da Conversora para Inversora.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Veja o vídeo explicativo da SE PV, Porto, Velho Rondônia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/FWR3SeNdOqo&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;FWR3SeNdOqo&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Por que transmitir em corrente contínua?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Porque a alta tensão transmitida dessa forma tem perdas muito baixas, não necessitando de caros sistemas de compensação, para se ter uma ideia, de&amp;nbsp;3000MW transmitidos, a perda é menor ou igual a 100MW, então é interessante ambientalmente e economicamente falando.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Configuração da planta DC/AC de Araraquara, modo simplificado na figura 1&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Figura 1:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuWjBndUuDP2ZSKHo8IjtH6rzaCSPT7rHXUTTs3KPHJOjeBdww98Uxha-b5msQs-ZGl0CTWtzAMlY4vSIL2SLmr92JCmQ3NLG_ZHdT5AHE1CqY2q_Gg_nK8ZkW17KJ1JomsOXZ_5d81m8/s1184/Configura%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o+Monopolar+P%25C3%25B3lo01+esta%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;460&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1184&quot; height=&quot;155&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuWjBndUuDP2ZSKHo8IjtH6rzaCSPT7rHXUTTs3KPHJOjeBdww98Uxha-b5msQs-ZGl0CTWtzAMlY4vSIL2SLmr92JCmQ3NLG_ZHdT5AHE1CqY2q_Gg_nK8ZkW17KJ1JomsOXZ_5d81m8/w400-h155/Configura%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o+Monopolar+P%25C3%25B3lo01+esta%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Na figura 1, temos um esquema simplificado mostrando o &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pátio DC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; da subestação mostrando o &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pátio AC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; das subestações Retificadora (Porto Velho - RO) e Inversora (Araraquara - SP).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;No &lt;b&gt;Pátio DC&lt;/b&gt;, temos a configuração de comandos de &lt;b&gt;secc&lt;/b&gt; e&lt;b&gt; djs&lt;/b&gt;, (onde secc= seccionadora e djs= disjuntores) que liberarão 600kVDC gerados em Rondônia, Porto Velho para Araraquara-SP. Nestas subestações no&lt;b&gt; Pátio DC&lt;/b&gt;, temos o controle de potência da carga a ser entregue entre as subestações, que podem ser usadas em configurações monopolar bipolar, retorno de terra e retorno metálico, como veremos mais a diante.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Assistam um vídeo explicativo dos trafos monofásicos conversores das válvulas, eles fazem a entrega do DC convertido ao pátio AC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/BN_dGK4Acuk&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;BN_dGK4Acuk&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;No &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pátio AC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;, a energia &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;DC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;transmitidas é convertida em&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;AC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;e liberada pelos 12 trafos (transformadores) monofásicos de potência, sendo que em ambas sugestões, é possível inverter o ciclo energético, podendo inverter DC/AC e retificar ou converter AC/DC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Configuração do &lt;b&gt;Pátio AC&lt;/b&gt;, ARA2:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;No &lt;b&gt;Pátio AC&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;da subestação, temos a configuração do arranjo dos&amp;nbsp;dispositivos, classificada como disjuntor e meio.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;A Figura 2 abaixo, retrata o esquema do&lt;b&gt; Pátio AC&lt;/b&gt; e filtros correspondentes, FH11, 21, 31 e 41, além dos &lt;b&gt;Shunts&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;C221, C121, C321.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Os filtros têm a função de eliminar harmônicos gerados na inversão DC/AC e os &lt;b&gt;Shunts &lt;/b&gt;são acionados para compensar a &lt;b&gt;tensão&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;AC.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Temos a ligação para os trafos que controlam as válvulas dos polos 1 e 2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Figura 2:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgioS_Oq52EcI0dxaGnhUuHcrnsCwWvIoT4R8Rg31bufMEdUAJkQ6iRlgulkFvsPdjcVBWHYfaNiUmKCY1wM1G_nSfA5qs1eDQYMtMn11wITL_xjlfzYR_OJNAYRKNfsqOO1VCutTL_2A4/s1286/P%25C3%25A1tio+AC+SE+ARA.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;988&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1286&quot; height=&quot;246&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgioS_Oq52EcI0dxaGnhUuHcrnsCwWvIoT4R8Rg31bufMEdUAJkQ6iRlgulkFvsPdjcVBWHYfaNiUmKCY1wM1G_nSfA5qs1eDQYMtMn11wITL_xjlfzYR_OJNAYRKNfsqOO1VCutTL_2A4/s320/P%25C3%25A1tio+AC+SE+ARA.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; Observando, a figura 2, vemos a disposição e configuração das &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;seccionadoras &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;e disjuntores,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;no arranjo disjuntor e meio, FH31 e C321 são pendurados no Vão O (bay), no espaço controlado por dj1262 e dj1270. FH41 é pendurado entre os disjuntores (dj) 1270 e 1272, no mesmo bay O.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Os filtros e &lt;b&gt;shunt&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;FH11 e C121 são pendurados no bay N, no espaço controlado pelos djs 1242 e 1250; FH21 e C221 estão pendurados no mesmo bay&lt;b&gt; M&lt;/b&gt;, no espaço controlados pelos djs 1250 e 1252:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Dj. 1264-1 controlada FH31;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Dj. 1267-2 controlada C321;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Dj. 1244-1 controlada FH11;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Dj. 1244-2 controlada C121;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Dj. 1274 controlada FH41;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Dj. 1257-1 controlada FH21;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Dj. 1257-2 controlada C221;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;O &lt;b&gt;polo&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;01&lt;/b&gt; está pendurado no espaço controlado pelos djs 1102 e 1190, tendo redundância de alimentação pelo dj 1192.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Já o &lt;b&gt;polo 2&lt;/b&gt;, está pendurado no espaço controlada pelos&amp;nbsp;djs 1162 e 1170 tendo redundância de alimentação pelo dj 1172.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Nas barras da subestação estão a energia entregue para o sistema interligado, controladas por FURNAS e State Grid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Funções dos filtros AC: FH11, 21, 31 e 41, filtram os &lt;b&gt;transientes AC &lt;/b&gt;e harmônicos, evitando desequilíbrio&amp;nbsp;na rede&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;AC &lt;/b&gt;entregue ao sistema interligados de potência.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;O caso dos shunts capacitivos C121, 221 e 321, &lt;b&gt;corrigem&lt;/b&gt;, filtram e nivelam o nível AC de tensão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Tipos de configuração dos polos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Na transmissão DC, temos os seguintes tipos de configuração dos polos:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Monopolar;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Bipolar;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Retorno de Terra;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Retorno Metálico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Monopolar &lt;/b&gt;é a&amp;nbsp;configuração feita pelo polo 1 ou 2 de cada estação (ARA e PV):&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;ARA = Subestação Araraquara;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;PV = Subestação&amp;nbsp;de Porto Velho;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Veja a Figura 3:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLia8zAqcGVc1U8QhdltVNo8EDKPcm5wUpgP0V_cGezX4OQyRYSv9YIvrPX3L9N6YTalourZhbm6ozJe4Ii2Yx0auE7hUZxPBn5dCh52x8iwg0RtV_SxkatWV9mYw8E1_KZV-JLz_3zJY/s1184/Configura%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o+Monopolar+P%25C3%25B3lo02+esta%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+com+retorno+de+terra.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;460&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1184&quot; height=&quot;124&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLia8zAqcGVc1U8QhdltVNo8EDKPcm5wUpgP0V_cGezX4OQyRYSv9YIvrPX3L9N6YTalourZhbm6ozJe4Ii2Yx0auE7hUZxPBn5dCh52x8iwg0RtV_SxkatWV9mYw8E1_KZV-JLz_3zJY/s320/Configura%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o+Monopolar+P%25C3%25B3lo02+esta%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+com+retorno+de+terra.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Figura 3 configuração monopolar com retorno de terra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Bipolar &lt;/b&gt;é a configuração feita por ambos os polos das estações (ARA e PV). Podendo ser interligado com mais bipolo para transmissão máxima de 6GW.&amp;nbsp; Cada polo interestações&amp;nbsp;gera cerca de 1,5GW de potência.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Na figura abaixo, é ilustrada essa configuração:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Figura 4:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr4r91kSaMMJcJ2wccoFpXDuIdRJGOb1dLp7jY4JK9eOYrt4IqQRE8Xmb63C4FhM_fFmZaSqzEh9wSXEV94Saz2Lh7Vm2EvNJbkZJveGAvop09xxE-hFhsOMfnsnpDewRTdGCJW9acJC8/s1221/Configura%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o+Bipolar+das+esta%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+com+retorno+de+terra.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;972&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1221&quot; height=&quot;255&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr4r91kSaMMJcJ2wccoFpXDuIdRJGOb1dLp7jY4JK9eOYrt4IqQRE8Xmb63C4FhM_fFmZaSqzEh9wSXEV94Saz2Lh7Vm2EvNJbkZJveGAvop09xxE-hFhsOMfnsnpDewRTdGCJW9acJC8/s320/Configura%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o+Bipolar+das+esta%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+com+retorno+de+terra.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; Configuração bipolar com &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;terra local. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Ambas as estações estão sincronizadas com o aterramento local, do eletrodo da estação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Os polos usam a conversão de energia nas válvulas tiristores com o esquema&amp;nbsp; de 12 pulsos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Retorno de Terra&lt;/b&gt;, nessa configuração o circuito entre os polos é fechado sendo ancorado ou referenciado no eletrodo de terra de uma das estações, - Muito comum ser - usado em configuração monopolar e bipolar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Veja a Figura 3, citada anteriormente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Retorno Metálico, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;é uma operação monopolar com o caminho de retorno de corrente pela estação. O lado de ARA, o neutro está aterrado.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Veja na Figura 5:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC2B8K71Z0yCV8lfn1ljUEyzFzitJsEfY3ILmWc_SJ-brwMKIY0Bwgvb3cki0w3W9bGshH9OqysB0Zka-HL2A1OT54bs89h-itRrQSbffyQuRv73IHNn0O23kF3dGpj45xG_P-DFINPTs/s1184/Configura%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o+Monopolar+P%25C3%25B3lo01+esta%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+retorno+met%25C3%25A1lico.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;460&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1184&quot; height=&quot;124&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC2B8K71Z0yCV8lfn1ljUEyzFzitJsEfY3ILmWc_SJ-brwMKIY0Bwgvb3cki0w3W9bGshH9OqysB0Zka-HL2A1OT54bs89h-itRrQSbffyQuRv73IHNn0O23kF3dGpj45xG_P-DFINPTs/s320/Configura%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o+Monopolar+P%25C3%25B3lo01+esta%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+retorno+met%25C3%25A1lico.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Essas configurações são feitas nas ligações das seccionadoras e disjuntores de ambas as estações, obedecendo ao procedimento do fabricante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Na figura 6, abaixo, no lado direito, temos a configuração dos Pátios DC de ambas as subestações e os detalhes das seccionadoras e disjuntores do sistema do bipolo de ambas as estações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY2Ty2Yli9lu-UUVbn86ZFVRgY64ThQtEbzso166uA0zhkVwseiMgLxw6kMpsTgUYAnCT4wRlYY8FOE8IDPJSxmL9XPOK5EnlQNwv82hpSYYplSeW8XQUYzfG4VeBuAYN9g7eWZqp_Bv0/s1680/Configura%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o+Bipolar+das+esta%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+com+detalhe+de+chaveamento.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;974&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1680&quot; height=&quot;186&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY2Ty2Yli9lu-UUVbn86ZFVRgY64ThQtEbzso166uA0zhkVwseiMgLxw6kMpsTgUYAnCT4wRlYY8FOE8IDPJSxmL9XPOK5EnlQNwv82hpSYYplSeW8XQUYzfG4VeBuAYN9g7eWZqp_Bv0/s320/Configura%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o+Bipolar+das+esta%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+com+detalhe+de+chaveamento.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Essas configuração de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;seccs &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;e djs, formam a interligação de bipolo com retorno de terra ou aterramento das estações. Vejam os dispositivos fechados:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Configuração Bipolar: PV, fechados: 2117, 2102, 2127, 2119, 2121, no P1; 2219, 2221, 2217, 2225, 2202, 2506, 2515, no P2; ARA tem os mesmos djs e seccs acionados para P1; fechados: 2221, 2219, 2202, 2511, 2515, 2217, 2227, no P2.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;O que não foi citado, está aberto ou bloqueado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Configuração Monopolar (P1): PV, fechados: 2102, 2119, 2117, 2127, 2506, 2515; ARA, fechados: 2127, 2117, 2102, 2119, 2511, 2515.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Configuração Monopolar (P2): PV, fechados: 2202, 2219, 2221, 2506, 2515, 2217, 2227; ARA, fechados: 2515, 2511, 2219, 2202, 2217, 2227.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Retorno Metálico (P1): PV, fechados: 2102, 2119, 2121, 2127, 2117, 2506, 2515, 2504, 2223, 2227; ARA, fechados: 2127, 2117, 2102, 2121, 2119, 2511, 2515, 2227, 2223.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Retorno Metálico (P2): PV, fechados: PV, fechados: 2515, 2506, 2219, 2221, 2504, 2202, 2217, 2227, 2123, 2127; ARA, fechados: 2127, 2123, 2117, 2102, 2121, 2119, 2511, 2515.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp; Muito importante a transmissão ser priorizada, ou seja, chaves 2127 e 2227 de ambas estações são fechadas primeiro.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Em seguida, o aterramento deve ser estabelecido e assegurado pelo eletrodo, ou via dj NGBS, se houver uma falha no fechamento do eletrodo, apenas observando que o uso de NGBS ativo será por 30 minutos em potência baixa de transmissão.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Garantidas as condições citas acima, fechasse as chaves relativas aos polos e manobra-se o Pátio AC para atingir a condição RFO (pronto para operação) e RFE (pronto para energizar, pelos em serviço).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Nos próximos textos, explorarei mais os detalhes das chaves terra das válvulas, tecnologia dos tiristores, sistemas de combate a incêndio da estação e supervisório de controle.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;Apresento um vídeo sobre a sala de válvula do polo 2 de Araraquara, com alguns detalhes de funcionamento, filtragem e potência.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/AfssvpNyCP8&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;AfssvpNyCP8&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;té mais e abraços à todos!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Conheçam meu canal no YouTube: Guru Engenheiro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Acessem meu site: gurueletronico.blogspot.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Facebook: Guru Engenheiro Site&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletrônicadepotência&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletricidadedepotência&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletricidade&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#powerelectrics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#powerelectronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; 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mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/5101795037822225854/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2021/10/arranjos-e-caracteristicas-de.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/5101795037822225854'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/5101795037822225854'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2021/10/arranjos-e-caracteristicas-de.html' title=' Arranjos e Características de Subestação HVDC, SE-Araraquara 2, Araraquara-SP '/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/FWR3SeNdOqo/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-2094492830813551091</id><published>2023-02-05T19:00:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:45:30.041-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Leds para farol, lanterna e sinalização de freios pra motocicletas</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoVo3deXDpXgCfWP9pV7RGc7p0WtUSnxaGl4k_YdFuVUpnr6uc552KE8wH0PDV_SvoGMHOQmCRmc__9mKkwhrZRB33GhxuWF2UKkZgSYVNrbHQlHMaHsywiUh5oYiRc8UrSWblWCnFIBI/s1600/Circuito+de+farol+de+led.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;233&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoVo3deXDpXgCfWP9pV7RGc7p0WtUSnxaGl4k_YdFuVUpnr6uc552KE8wH0PDV_SvoGMHOQmCRmc__9mKkwhrZRB33GhxuWF2UKkZgSYVNrbHQlHMaHsywiUh5oYiRc8UrSWblWCnFIBI/s1600/Circuito+de+farol+de+led.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Olá meus caros amigos, estou propondo a ideia&amp;nbsp;de farol de leds, que já vem sendo usada em alguns modelos de carros e motos, mas aqui, quis criar ideias&amp;nbsp;exclusivas, pra quem quer fazer o artesanal.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Observe que fiz na figura ao lado um circuito com dois e outro com três leds, simulando o que poderia ser o farol baixo e o farol alto, com a desvantagem de estarem ligados a resistores de valores iguais, mas com consumo igual de corrente pra ambos circuitos. A desvantagem está em proporcionar um brilho baixo aos leds, que devem ser necessariamente de alta intensidade e o valor do resistor ligados a eles, deve ser menor pra permitir maior corrente, e a potência do resistor deve ser maior, outra coisa importante, não adianta ter brilho se não tem foco, com uma única lente, podemos conseguir melhores focos de luz...&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5iMMs1lURcQ5cWpBsSPNgaQsVbXV2sxy54LPpOTJWWKFhkfJKBfEPL6s3fz3-D1lSxeA1nyFUPV3ehy1I4jZHZ2B6QXJmYHmHDNwdgwuz3U9xyI6z0m5CEMzcp0Smszo4ROU-QhspQkk/s1600/esqfarolleds.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;192&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5iMMs1lURcQ5cWpBsSPNgaQsVbXV2sxy54LPpOTJWWKFhkfJKBfEPL6s3fz3-D1lSxeA1nyFUPV3ehy1I4jZHZ2B6QXJmYHmHDNwdgwuz3U9xyI6z0m5CEMzcp0Smszo4ROU-QhspQkk/s1600/esqfarolleds.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;No circuito que apresento agora, foi racionalizado o que apresentei pra vocês aqui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5iMMs1lURcQ5cWpBsSPNgaQsVbXV2sxy54LPpOTJWWKFhkfJKBfEPL6s3fz3-D1lSxeA1nyFUPV3ehy1I4jZHZ2B6QXJmYHmHDNwdgwuz3U9xyI6z0m5CEMzcp0Smszo4ROU-QhspQkk/s1600/esqfarolleds.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5iMMs1lURcQ5cWpBsSPNgaQsVbXV2sxy54LPpOTJWWKFhkfJKBfEPL6s3fz3-D1lSxeA1nyFUPV3ehy1I4jZHZ2B6QXJmYHmHDNwdgwuz3U9xyI6z0m5CEMzcp0Smszo4ROU-QhspQkk/s1600/esqfarolleds.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Observem que a configuração mudou e R1, tem valor diferente de R2, com potências iguais, apenas valores diferentes que permitem uma corrente maior que outro, já que o número de leds é igual pra cada circuito, eles apenas brilharão mais com corrente menor. Isso deve ser feito com o cuidado de limitar a corrente mínima, dentro de uma potência estipulada, como nesse circuito, caso contrário, o calor será intenso e queimará o resistor...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZN1mdCtPZGWRrqTNYNezwcTI_-DDoYKqp9vCzwTF9fzOpJIJpw_sM2I93fW00TPLju2pH4-jfKpr03VI1KubU1JfuxfyRynLTnX7QXGmc5Qtuci3Riy9it9hdHjFTP3xPjsABbYcCTeU/s1600/farol.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;187&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZN1mdCtPZGWRrqTNYNezwcTI_-DDoYKqp9vCzwTF9fzOpJIJpw_sM2I93fW00TPLju2pH4-jfKpr03VI1KubU1JfuxfyRynLTnX7QXGmc5Qtuci3Riy9it9hdHjFTP3xPjsABbYcCTeU/s1600/farol.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O lay-out do circuito está ao lado.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A sugestão desse lay-out foi pensada de forma que se encaixe numa lente focalizadora dos bulbos que formam os diversos faróis, talvez será necessário você pesquisar ferramentas ou lentes de lanternas, por exemplo, que poderiam ser empregadas aqui.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;O uso de faróis a led é uma grande vantagem pra uma iluminação melhor, fria e que dinamiza&amp;nbsp;o desempenho e vida útil da bateria.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Mais adiante, irei sugerir uma montagem em placa universal com apenas um led e dois resistores, aproveitando uma lâmpada de farol de moto.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGK3fWa-d_Z4NvxCRlx910oDXP-9xSlpVYL3Mi7FHum3H1eiUsOdwcE5AWhheE433V-pAKSjVhjdLaa7F3VGbAz79a6wuNpde2Jy-SWeB4H-jG-VL8QgKNITadxYY5HypRTl72601wD6E/s1600/Fotos+2013+(168).jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGK3fWa-d_Z4NvxCRlx910oDXP-9xSlpVYL3Mi7FHum3H1eiUsOdwcE5AWhheE433V-pAKSjVhjdLaa7F3VGbAz79a6wuNpde2Jy-SWeB4H-jG-VL8QgKNITadxYY5HypRTl72601wD6E/s1600/Fotos+2013+(168).jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Pessoal, agreguei uma sequência construtiva do farol de led, a ideia é conseguir algo prático, simples e complementado por uma lente, isso reduz custos de montagem e difunde a potência da luz em algo bem maior, aceito sugestões pra fazer a lente ou aproveitar modelos satisfatórios. Veja à direita e na sequência.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQe99QbwRfsuHRJo444H8ffwSW5OkeWDK8EZmI2Q2DBmWXidDwb1cfBf4y4MYQtkxo817GtipCApwebbrzq6qNiGFD512tMm1CFYaoyn1wBAD7bjeDT9D-7E_srzKYemIrr8uLZo1rq6A/s1600/Fotos+2013+(169).jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQe99QbwRfsuHRJo444H8ffwSW5OkeWDK8EZmI2Q2DBmWXidDwb1cfBf4y4MYQtkxo817GtipCApwebbrzq6qNiGFD512tMm1CFYaoyn1wBAD7bjeDT9D-7E_srzKYemIrr8uLZo1rq6A/s1600/Fotos+2013+(169).jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Detalhes de montagem, feito em placa universal e com resistores de potência.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWYok6pv1jQIbisLiQPXwHE9hBnU0tUry0m4ktr1A5h8ZmL8jwY3ypwYtCJtwzm4qNXhoLIg_sMEwTcRlPxOAC-KF5lQ1EvpLjqw-ohA8yxnNpD3BgQMMgbi3AcN7KgUZ_b0g_Cr2AMZY/s1600/Fotos+2013+(170).jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWYok6pv1jQIbisLiQPXwHE9hBnU0tUry0m4ktr1A5h8ZmL8jwY3ypwYtCJtwzm4qNXhoLIg_sMEwTcRlPxOAC-KF5lQ1EvpLjqw-ohA8yxnNpD3BgQMMgbi3AcN7KgUZ_b0g_Cr2AMZY/s1600/Fotos+2013+(170).jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Olha aí o detalhe do led e as ligações e soldagens dele.&lt;br /&gt;
Abaixo, o fotolito do projeto.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQzyZIYz3e1MbhusnTIRigcrfGeXjARQDllK06KLr8_mALBrA5VS6QvCmUU7x11_0AcAji1TBIFgIyz0OtoReJkq0usE3hi1X24_iNSui3AMC32cm6YLGXQn-YnawMX2580co4dKpEo2I/s1600/faromonol.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQzyZIYz3e1MbhusnTIRigcrfGeXjARQDllK06KLr8_mALBrA5VS6QvCmUU7x11_0AcAji1TBIFgIyz0OtoReJkq0usE3hi1X24_iNSui3AMC32cm6YLGXQn-YnawMX2580co4dKpEo2I/s1600/faromonol.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lista de Materiais:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Led 1 a 10 leds de alta intensidade de até 3W&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R2 resistor de fio de 220 Ohm/3W&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1 resistor de fio de 150 Ohm/3W&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;J1 conector de 3 posições&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Consegui criar lâmpada de freio e lanterna, além de pisca-pisca, um projeto que usa timer 555 e pode ser integrado ao circuito elétrico de uma moto, como a Intruder Suzuki125, confiram aí:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/LPqAbR8TRMc&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;LPqAbR8TRMc&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;Boas montagens!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;














&lt;!--Blogger automated replacement: &quot;https://images-blogger-opensocial.googleusercontent.com/gadgets/proxy?url=http%3A%2F%2F4.bp.blogspot.com%2F-nAHQc6Dkbo0%2FUkc7MWzzM2I%2FAAAAAAAADxk%2F3nvl2Db1gd8%2Fs1600%2Fesqfarolleds.png&amp;amp;container=blogger&amp;amp;gadget=a&amp;amp;rewriteMime=image%2F*&quot; with &quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5iMMs1lURcQ5cWpBsSPNgaQsVbXV2sxy54LPpOTJWWKFhkfJKBfEPL6s3fz3-D1lSxeA1nyFUPV3ehy1I4jZHZ2B6QXJmYHmHDNwdgwuz3U9xyI6z0m5CEMzcp0Smszo4ROU-QhspQkk/s1600/esqfarolleds.png&quot;--&gt;&lt;!--Blogger automated replacement: &quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5iMMs1lURcQ5cWpBsSPNgaQsVbXV2sxy54LPpOTJWWKFhkfJKBfEPL6s3fz3-D1lSxeA1nyFUPV3ehy1I4jZHZ2B6QXJmYHmHDNwdgwuz3U9xyI6z0m5CEMzcp0Smszo4ROU-QhspQkk/s1600/esqfarolleds.png&quot; with &quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5iMMs1lURcQ5cWpBsSPNgaQsVbXV2sxy54LPpOTJWWKFhkfJKBfEPL6s3fz3-D1lSxeA1nyFUPV3ehy1I4jZHZ2B6QXJmYHmHDNwdgwuz3U9xyI6z0m5CEMzcp0Smszo4ROU-QhspQkk/s1600/esqfarolleds.png&quot;--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Boa prática!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletricidadedemotos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#motocycle&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;#ledsparamotos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube: Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/2094492830813551091/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/09/farol-de-leds-pra-motocicletas.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/2094492830813551091'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/2094492830813551091'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/09/farol-de-leds-pra-motocicletas.html' title='Leds para farol, lanterna e sinalização de freios pra motocicletas'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoVo3deXDpXgCfWP9pV7RGc7p0WtUSnxaGl4k_YdFuVUpnr6uc552KE8wH0PDV_SvoGMHOQmCRmc__9mKkwhrZRB33GhxuWF2UKkZgSYVNrbHQlHMaHsywiUh5oYiRc8UrSWblWCnFIBI/s72-c/Circuito+de+farol+de+led.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-2489375316077524147</id><published>2022-05-08T11:57:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:47:42.625-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Repelente de insetos</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimrxmWH0b0iWxQsbLzrd6olxwoFLDnxMzaxSS9Dq5GO7i3oWp3O7PoY4B4I_eb0tQ6vc2at-4waxlD6TVwlEto6jO00bMRxAp8cqKjfmMmCdzapNn1tVwOYsNESOwf3oqPk-9aNzxJh9g/s719/Schematicrepelente.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;182&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimrxmWH0b0iWxQsbLzrd6olxwoFLDnxMzaxSS9Dq5GO7i3oWp3O7PoY4B4I_eb0tQ6vc2at-4waxlD6TVwlEto6jO00bMRxAp8cqKjfmMmCdzapNn1tVwOYsNESOwf3oqPk-9aNzxJh9g/s320/Schematicrepelente.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;No circuito abaixo, proponho um projeto de um repelente eletrônico, que foi sugerido inicialmente pelo professor Newton C. Braga, fiz uma adaptação usando o CAD Eagle e testes com o MULTISIM.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;No esquema ao lado, a base desse circuito é um timer 555, na configuração de Astável.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A alimentação é na faixa de 9 a 12 Vdc, e a frequência é controlada pelo P1, TW1 é um tweeter piezoeléctrico de 100W, que é controlado por um Mosfet IRF640.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;É importante colocar um resistor de potência de 5W de 1Ohm, em série com o IRF640, Q1, pra limitarmos a corrente e não correr risco de queimar o tweeter piezoeléctrico.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Testei a eficácia do circuito e obtive bons resultados fazendo a frequência oscilar de 20 a 25 KHz.&lt;br /&gt;
A alimentação do circuito é dada pelo J1, podendo variar de 9 a 12 V, como citado. Na sequência, temos o fotolito produzido com o CAD Eagle, abaixo.&lt;span class=&quot;invisible&quot; face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #00822c; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; outline: 0px;&quot;&gt;trônicatrôntrBásicatrônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;twitter-timeline-link&quot; data-expanded-url=&quot;http://youtu.be/HsH9JRH-Yi4?a&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; href=&quot;http://t.co/lzxbIcHk&quot; style=&quot;color: #00822c; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; outline: 0px;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://youtu.be/HsH9JRH-Yi4?a&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;invisible&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; outline: 0px;&quot;&gt;http://&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQlQcTXx6WZbdaObdM3jSoVur9fGwfGn6DjZe0SO2yzqmKzU4ikGDDMZxZ9Wr9zL6MsNfUgWPmewy6Wefsl9Xg2CJxDWeDCi-xerDgxQGBGRHc4ZjhPErNr37BAwoX0Krd0sdJ6SLX7_Y/s1600/repelenteelemono.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;134&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQlQcTXx6WZbdaObdM3jSoVur9fGwfGn6DjZe0SO2yzqmKzU4ikGDDMZxZ9Wr9zL6MsNfUgWPmewy6Wefsl9Xg2CJxDWeDCi-xerDgxQGBGRHc4ZjhPErNr37BAwoX0Krd0sdJ6SLX7_Y/s1600/repelenteelemono.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1 - 10k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C1 - Capacitor cerâmico de 1nF/250V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C2 - Capacitor cerâmico de 100nF/250V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;IC1 - Integrado LM555.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;J1 - Jack DCJ0202 de três pontos, ver figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;P1 - Potenciômetro de 150k linear.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Q1 - Mosfet IRF 640.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;TW1 - Tweeter piezoeléctrico de 100W.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Boas práticas!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#timer555&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#eletronica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#electronics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;#repelenteeletrônico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Binho de Carvalho - Contato: arabutam@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Facebook: Guru Engenheiro Site&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Instagram: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;@guru_eletronico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;YouTube:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Guru Eletrônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Site Principal: gurueletronico.blogspot.com, acessem nossa loja do Facebook!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/feeds/2489375316077524147/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/06/repelente-de-insetos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/2489375316077524147'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2393217418067899441/posts/default/2489375316077524147'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gurueletronico.blogspot.com/2013/06/repelente-de-insetos.html' title='Repelente de insetos'/><author><name>Binho De Carvalho (Ouros)</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13953030978267743226</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF87zAvssEnKnr_6onOHc_2d0aphTHjbrkJryYWWUQZ4P5-qZnNMQ659N_LuOmoBFeBFwHok_3zWSW_eioEcDXYs-1xL-HyiDARwEsxxe5ESnGG7RLHJQphyeh-C2ce0/s220/atualizado3.jpeg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimrxmWH0b0iWxQsbLzrd6olxwoFLDnxMzaxSS9Dq5GO7i3oWp3O7PoY4B4I_eb0tQ6vc2at-4waxlD6TVwlEto6jO00bMRxAp8cqKjfmMmCdzapNn1tVwOYsNESOwf3oqPk-9aNzxJh9g/s72-c/Schematicrepelente.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2393217418067899441.post-2381353120511771921</id><published>2022-03-06T02:00:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2025-12-26T12:48:35.592-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Controle por UJT ou PUT</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;Esse circuito é uma ideia&amp;nbsp;postada pelo professor Newton C. Braga, no Curso de Eletrônica Básica, livro lançado como E-Book, pelo Instituto Newton C. Braga.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTowsfR3dY-Zax3YVDfnOO_0eyUTLo01fKVtif09i_1QWUyrYzMWe0jUVejbboirIqrSQJHCjrRItY__RWddETXPonDaKLpJiIhB2HhU-Lz0t9HdgBMdl9m-0kVAvaO0fqvU5323z3kKo/s1600/control+ujtesq.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;243&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTowsfR3dY-Zax3YVDfnOO_0eyUTLo01fKVtif09i_1QWUyrYzMWe0jUVejbboirIqrSQJHCjrRItY__RWddETXPonDaKLpJiIhB2HhU-Lz0t9HdgBMdl9m-0kVAvaO0fqvU5323z3kKo/s320/control+ujtesq.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;O circuito se baseia numa forma de controle simples, em ponte de diodos e no circuito básico de polarização do UJT 2N2648 ou do PUT 2N6823, a tensão do diodo zener, D5, varia entre 12 a 20V. A ponte de diodos dará um sinal de onda que será a referência pra gerar o sinal de disparo no gatilho do TIC226. Este circuito tem um bom controle para cargas indutivas e resistivas.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;O tiristor é um TRIAC TIC 206 ou 226, o resistor R4, será de 10k/2W, se a carga for usada em 127V, ou de 22k/5W, se for 220V, importante montar o tiristor numa placa de metal, isolando devidamente o componente, para dissipar o calor gerado no dispositivo, de forma que não quebre a junção semicondutora pelo excesso de temperatura, as conexões de tensões e cargas, são seletadas em S1 e nos CONECs de 1 a 3, observe figura acima.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmqBEoFVOvZSvJhUW6_ww4SjUiYQVl_OJ1R3arSLoVZXG5EPhnPV2apEj5_kvOXvoT0LU10Z3W12MjWcTWYDojhl0n1an5vy0HlX1j7f1K45GuXReepMMZ8cK2yqELy43Ds8LLQxqWuEM/s1600/control+ujt.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmqBEoFVOvZSvJhUW6_ww4SjUiYQVl_OJ1R3arSLoVZXG5EPhnPV2apEj5_kvOXvoT0LU10Z3W12MjWcTWYDojhl0n1an5vy0HlX1j7f1K45GuXReepMMZ8cK2yqELy43Ds8LLQxqWuEM/s1600/control+ujt.png&quot; width=&quot;170&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Foi usado nesse circuito um transformador de pulsos de relação 1:1, com a finalidade de isolar o pulso de disparo do gatilho do Triac. Enrole num bastão de ferrite de 1 cm de diâmetro, por 5 cm de comprimento, podendo ser empregado também um núcleo toróide de características&amp;nbsp;similares, 100 espiras de fio esmaltado 28 no primário e mais 100 espiras por cima, do mesmo fio, formando o trafo 1:1.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Já empreguei esse circuito pra fazer controle de chocadeiras de ovos, secadores e outras aplicações, você pode experimentar uma aplicação em ventiladores e outros motores, o cuidado de usar a configuração certa de circuito com as tensões a serem empregadas.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Observem abaixo o fotolito do circuito:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYXhMl5DWeROuq_IAwwx74JVfNpqvfShDTZSNTykiYKUuBIjkX-Mc8eHtdAmFgd5iRxNKi1pkVY_VNZMBqJVZv0IvdrkZtqwvTAu25Ge7crtfuw9vbhOH-Z6ZO40V5LtvlchqaN1LTtxg/s1600/control+ujtmono.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYXhMl5DWeROuq_IAwwx74JVfNpqvfShDTZSNTykiYKUuBIjkX-Mc8eHtdAmFgd5iRxNKi1pkVY_VNZMBqJVZv0IvdrkZtqwvTAu25Ge7crtfuw9vbhOH-Z6ZO40V5LtvlchqaN1LTtxg/s1600/control+ujtmono.png&quot; width=&quot;273&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Lista de materiais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;CONEC1 a CONEC3 - conectores, ver figuras e texto.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;C1 - Capacitor cerâmico ou poliéster de 100nF/250V.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;D1 a D4 - Diodos retificadores 1N4004.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;D5 - Diodo zener de 12Vdc/1W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Plug tri-way, padrão fonte alimentação PC, veja texto e figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R1 - Resistor de fio de 470 Ohm/1W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R2 - Resistor de 10k/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R3 - Resistor de 4k7/1/8W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R4 - Resistor de fio 10k/2W.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;R5 - Potenciômetro linear de 100k.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;T1 - Triac TIC226D.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;T2 - UJT 2N2646.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;TR1 - Transformador 1:1, ver texto.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;S1 - Chave liga-desliga de 3 posições, ver texto e figuras.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Como sugestiva de empacotamento do circuito, empregue uma caixa metálica, que servirá como dissipador pro tiristor e economizará o investimento de componentes desnecessários.&lt;br /&gt;
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