ekaeke

Location To ekaeke At Hartamas Shopping Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Sun, 30 May 2010 08:23:00 +0000

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ekaeke Father's Day Promotion For Year 2010

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Sun, 30 May 2010 07:34:00 +0000

Mother's Day Promotion 2010

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Sat, 24 Apr 2010 08:49:00 +0000

Gray Hair And Stress

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Thu, 18 Jun 2009 02:13:00 +0000

Work or personal stress may make you want to pull your hair out, but it's cellular stress that actually turns it gray, a new study has found. That's because DNA is "under constant attack" by damaging agents, such as chemicals, ultraviolet light, and ionizing radiation, according to study lead author Emi Nishimura of Tokyo Medical and Dental University.

A single mammal cell can encounter up to 100,000 events a day that damage DNA, Nishimura added in a statement. The stem cells within hair follicles responsible for color are the most impacted by this irreparable DNA weathering.

Stem cells are cells in the body that can reproduce indefinitely and that have the potential to "mature" into other, more specialized cells. The stem cells in hair follicles mature into melanocytes, or cells that produce the pigment melanin.

Related: "Human Skin Cells Given Stem Cell Properties."

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/11/071120-stem-cells.html

In younger people, the hair's stem cells maintain a balance between those that reproduce and those that turn into pigment cells, so that pigment is constantly being added to growing hair.

But as a person ages, too many of the stem cells mature until the pool of pigment cells gets totally drained and hair grows gray. Scientists have been unsure what exactly spurs the stem cells to change.

According to Nishimura, the answer may be accumulated DNA damage. Forcing the cells to mature may be the body's "more sophisticated way" of purging the damaged stem cells without killing them off, she said.

Unavoidable Damage

The study focused on graying because it is a typical sign of aging in mammals, the authors wrote.

http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals.html

The researchers put laboratory mice through whole-body x-rays and chemical injections. When the team examined the mice's hair follicles, they found that the stem cells showed permanent damage. These mice then regrew hair with no pigment.

The research supports the idea that instability in genes may be a major factor in aging, the authors say. It also lends credence to the theory that damage to stem cells may be the main driver of aging.

The DNA damage observed in the study is mainly "unavoidable," the authors write.

Linzhao Cheng, a member of the Johns Hopkins Institute of Cell Engineering, agreed that it's tough to avoid stem cell damage-especially for people who spend a lot of time outdoors, which exposes them to ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

However, the study helps scientists understand graying, Cheng said by email, which may lead to new chemicals that can prevent the hair's stem cells from switching roles.

"We may soon have anti-graying creams for aging populations," he said.

The study appeared June 12 in the journal Cell.

Herbal Treatments For Hair Loss, Dandruff And Damnaged Hair

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Mon, 25 May 2009 02:24:00 +0000

Mother's Day Promotion - ekaeke Remedies - Herbal Hair Loss Treatments, Hair Dandruff Treatments, Hair And Scalp Wellness Treatments & Much More...

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Sat, 02 May 2009 01:55:00 +0000

Happy Chinese New Year!!

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Thu, 15 Jan 2009 07:27:00 +0000

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Wed, 03 Dec 2008 10:50:00 +0000

Selamat Hari Raya

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Sat, 13 Oct 2007 04:34:00 +0000

Everyone at ekaeke would like to take this opportunity to wish all our wonderful Muslim friends and all other Muslims in the world a Selamat Hari Raya AdilFitri. May all of you have great joy, love, hope and health always. And Peace on Earth.

Henna, Indigo And Amla

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Fri, 05 Oct 2007 05:50:00 +0000

Let nature take care of your hair!

HENNA, INDIGO AND AMLA

Lawsonia Inermis
(Henna)

Henna, otherwise known as Lawsonia Inermis, comes from a plant of the privet family, and has been known for 5,000 years for its superb hair conditioning and colouring properties. No other substance, whether natural or synthetic, will strengthen the hair and give it shine as effectively as HENNA. Henna contains "lawsonia". This substance provides the well-known conditioning and colouring properties associated with Henna Powders.

Henna Powder colours the hair in two ways; by penetration and by staining. Henna molecules have a chemical affinity with keratin (hair) molecules, and thus the pigment can pass freely into the hair. The penetration of lawsonia imparts colour and condition into the hair. It closes and strengthens the outer cuticle of the hair, thus giving the superb shine and conditioning effect, which is the unique feature of Henna.

People have used Henna, Indigo, and Cassia Obovata, to dye and condition their hair for thousands of years. These are all safe, natural, and make your hair beautiful and healthy. If you don't want to use dangerous para-phenylenediamine and formaldehyde products that are in commercial hair dyes and conditioners, use Henna, Indigo and Cassia Obovata to dye your hair.

Use Henna to dye your hair red or auburn beautifully, safely, naturally

Use Indigo to dye your hair black, beautifully, safely, naturally

Use Cassia Obovata to condition your hair, beautifully, safely, naturally

Do you want Cassia Obovata to condition your hair? Get it done at ekaeke!

Do you want Henna to give safe colour to your hair? Get it done at ekaeke!

Do you want to Indigo to give your hair a nature black colour or rid of gray hair? Get it done at ekaeke!

Emblica Officinalis
(Amla)

If you have a box of brown powder marked "Amla" (also called "Amalaki" and "Indian Gooseberry"), you have a box of the powdered dried fruit (perhaps with some twigs, leaves and bark mixed in) of the Emblica Officinalis tree.

Medicinal properties -

The medicinal properties of Amla have been widely mentioned by many experts. The fruits are diuretic and laxative. They are useful in the disorders associated with the digestive system and are also prescribed in the treatment of jaundice and coughs.

Amla is one of the three ingredients of the famous ayurvedic preparation, triphala, which is given to treat chronic dysentery, bilousness and other disorders. The plant is considered to be an effective antiseptic for cleaning wounds and it is also one of the many plant palliatives for snakebite and scorpion-stinging.

The leaves of Amla are used as mouth-wash and as a lotion for sore eyes. An ointment is made from the burnt seeds, and the oil obtained is applied to cure skin infections.

Amla powder is tan and has an acidic astringent smell like a combination of raw cranberries and oak tree bark. If you make a simple paste from the powder, it does not stain the hands but adds a cool brown tone to the hair colour. Emblica Officinalis is one of the Myrobalan species, all of which are used in tanning and natural colouring.

The paste is an excellent conditioner which makes hair glossy and silky, enhances waves and curl, and leaves a clean, healthy scalp. When you scrub your face with the paste, your skin feels firm and tight.

Use for Hair:

Mix Amla powder with Indigo powder when dyeing hair black with Indigo to add gloss and curl to Indigo dyed hair.

A Suggestion - Use for Skin:

Mix Amla powder with hot water to make a paste that is about the consistency of yogurt. Let that sit for fifteen minutes. Use the paste as an exfoliating, astringent scrub for your face.

Indigofera Tinctoria
(Indigo)

Indigo is the color on the spectrum between about 450 and 420 nm in wavelength, placing it between blue and violet. Color scientists do not usually recognize indigo as a significant color category, and generally classify wavelengths shorter than about 450 nm as violet.

Indigo and violet are different from purple, which cannot be seen on the electromagnetic spectrum but can be achieved by mixing blue light with red light.

Where does Indigo Comes From?

Regardless of its origin, all indigo has the same chemical structure. The majority of natural indigo is obtained from plants in the genus Indigofera. These plants, native to the tropics, yield more natural dye than other indigo bearing species. Indigofera is a large genus including over 350 species mostly found in tropical and subtropical countries, not all of which bear Indigo. The primary commercial Indigo species is Indigofera tinctoria, native to India and Asia. In Central and South America the two species Indigofera suffructicosa and Indigofera arrecta are the most important native dye bearing plants of the genus.

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Hair Follicles

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Wed, 03 Oct 2007 05:33:00 +0000

A hair follicle is part of the skin that grows hair by packing old cells together. Attached to the follicle is a sebaceous gland, a tiny sebum-producing gland found everywhere except on the palms, lips and soles of the feet. The thicker density of hair, the more sebaceous glands are found.

Also attached to the follicle is a tiny bundle of muscle fiber called the arrector pili that is responsible for causing the follicle and hair to become more perpendicular to the surface of the skin, and causing the follicle to protrude slightly above the surrounding skin. This process results in goose bumps (or goose flesh). Stem cells are located at the junction of the arrector and the follicle, and are principally responsible for the ongoing hair production during a process known as the Anagen stage.

The average growth rate of hair follicles on the scalp is .04 cm per day.

Certain species of Demodex mites live in the hair follicles of mammals (including those of humans) where they feed on sebum.

Structure

Papilla

At the base of the follicle is a large structure that is called the papilla. The papilla is made up mainly of connective tissue and a capillary loop. Cell division in the papilla is either rare or non-existent.

Matrix

Around the papilla is the hair matrix, a collection of epithelial cells often interspersed with the pigment producing cells, melanocytes. Cell division in the hair matrix is responsible for the cells that will form the major structures of the hair fiber and the inner root sheath. The hair matrix epithelium is one of the fastest growing cell populations in the human body, which is why some forms of chemotherapy that kill dividing cells or radiotherapy may lead to temporary hair loss, by their action on this rapidly dividing cell population. The papilla is usually ovoid or pear shaped with the matrix wrapped completely around it except for a short stalk-like connection to the surrounding connective tissue that provides access for the capillary.

Root Sheath

The root sheath is composed of an external root sheath (Henle's layer), a middle layer (Huxley's layer), and an internal cuticle that is continuous with the outermost layer of the hair fiber.

Hair Fiber

The hair fiber is composed of a cuticle that is continuous with the root sheath, an intermediate cortex, and an inner medulla.

Other Structures

Other structures associated with the hair follicle include arrector pili muscles, sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands.

Hair growth phases

Hair grows in cycles of various phases: anagen is the growth phase; catagen is the involuting or regressing phase; and telogen, the resting or quiescent phase. Each phase has several morphologically and histologically distinguishable sub-phases. Prior to the start of cycling is a phase of follicular morphogenesis (formation of the follicle). There is also a shedding phase, or exogen, that is independent of anagen and telogen in which one of several hairs that might arise from a single follicle exits. Normally up to 90% of the hair follicles are in anagen phase while, 10–14% are in telogen and 1–2% in catagen. The cycle's length varies on different parts of the body. For eyebrows, the cycle is completed in around 4 months, while it takes the scalp 3–4 years to finish; this is the reason eyebrow hairs have a fixed length, while hairs on the head seem to have no length limit. Growth cycles are controlled by a chemical signal like epidermal growth factor.

Hair growth cycle times

Scalp: The time these phases last varies from person to person. Different hair colour and follicle shape affects the timings of these phases.
- anagen phase, 2–3 years (occasionally much longer)
- catagen phase, 2–3 weeks
- telogen phase, around 3 months

Eyebrows etc:
- anagen phase, 4–7 months
- catagen phase, 3–4 weeks
- telogen phase, about 9 months

Extraction

Hair follicles are extracted from a donor patch of a patient’s head during a hair restoration procedure.

Additional images

Cross-section of all skin layers.

Baldness Treatments

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Mon, 01 Oct 2007 10:53:00 +0000

It is easier to prevent the apparent 'aging' and falling out of healthy hairs than to regrow hair in follicles that are already dormant. There are products that have good success rates with regrowth. Preventive treatment, in three double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studies, 72% of the balding men on placebo had lost hair compared to baseline by 24 months.

The prospective treatment of hair multiplication/hair cloning, which extracts self-replenishing follicle stem cells, multiplies them many times over in the lab, and microinjects them into the scalp, has been shown to work in mice, and is currently under development, expected by some scientists to be available to the public in 2009-2015. Subsequent versions of the treatment are expected by some scientists to be able to cause these follicle stem cells to simply signal the surrounding hair follicles to rejuvenate.

Interestingly, placebo treatments in studies often have reasonable success rates.

While treating hair loss most successfully is a multi-faceted, ongoing experiment for the individual, there are three principles, sometimes called "The Three P's" that are considered important to help produce success and avoid the somewhat common mistakes that can sabotage treatments. The Three P's are: proven treatments first, take pictures, and be patient. The average hair loss treatment takes a minimum of 6 months to begin working, and sometimes up to 24 months to truly see optimal results. Treating hair loss takes time because of hair cycles. The process of hair loss is the process of "miniaturization," which takes many years. Hairs grow in, cycle into dormancy, and then grow in again several months later. Each time they re-emerge, they do so thinner, shorter, and less pigmented. In time, they become so small that they are no longer noticeable. This can take many years. New hairs only grow in a 2 or 3 year cycle, which is why it can take a year or more to be able to detect the success of a treatment.

This difficulty can be increased because it is speculated that many proven treatments often cause initial periods of shedding, as some resting hair follicles are ejected and a new cycle of growth begins, hopefully with a thicker follicle. Discontinuing all treatment will cause a period of shedding, likely to one's non-treatment baseline, but probably not worse.

Diet And Lifestyle

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Sun, 30 Sep 2007 11:02:00 +0000

While there are a number of genetic factors which determine a person's susceptibility to androgenic alopecia including androgen receptor polymorphisms, 5-alpha-reductase levels in the scalp, androgen receptor density and distribution in the scalp, and other factors some of which may not have been discovered. Some speculate the increase in baldness in the population of Japan after World War II demonstrates that hair loss can be influenced by diet and lifestyle. Increased fat or caloric intake, decrease in aerobic exercise and general "westernization" was accompanied by a dramatic increase in incidence of male pattern baldness.

Skeptics of this analysis believe the westernization that led to increased hair loss in Japan may have occurred in the gene pool, noting the higher propensity of hair loss in American soldiers of European descent stationed in and around Japan after the war.

Daily, vigorous aerobic exercise (as opposed to short workout periods designed to raise androgen levels and build muscle, or more sporadic exercise) and a diet which is adequate yet more moderate in terms of fat and total calorie intake have been shown to reduce baseline insulin levels as well as baseline total and free testosterone, which would significantly lower baseline DHT.

Lower insulin levels and reduced stress both result in raised levels of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG). SHBG binds to testosterone, and prevents it from circulating free in the blood. Only free testosterone is converted to DHT. It is the level of free androgens and not total androgens which is relevant to the levels of DHT in the scalp and the progression of MPB. In short, aerobic exercise is capable of significantly lowering DHT.

Androgenic alopecia has been shown to correlate with metabolic syndrome. Medically increasing androgen levels does not worsen this condition, demonstrating that androgens do not cause metabolic syndrome. Instead, high insulin levels (and possibly chronic inflammation) seem the likely link in the demonstrated correlation between baldness and metabolic syndrome. This reinforces the notion that behaviors which help to keep insulin levels low and reduce chronic inflammation might also help to preserve hair.

Hair Care

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Sat, 29 Sep 2007 11:11:00 +0000

Hair care is an overall term for parts of hygiene and cosmetology involving the hair on the human head. For a discussion of stylistic aspects of hair care, see Hairstyle.

Care of the hair and the scalp skin are sometimes considered separate, but are often intertwined because hair grows from underneath the skin. The living part of hair is the hair follicle which contains the hair root, the sebaceous gland, the vessel for delivering nutrients (via the blood), and other parts. Hair itself is nonliving; however, much can be done to manage hair and ensure that the outer surface of hair, the cuticle, will remain intact and continue to protect the inner parts of the hair shaft (the cortex and the medulla).

The most important element of hair care is one's hair type. Hair care will differ according to one's hair type and according to various processes that can be applied to hair. All hair is not the same; indeed, hair is a manifestation of human diversity.

When hair behaves in an unusual way, or a scalp skin disorder arises, it is often necessary to visit not only a qualified physician, but sometimes a dermatologist, or a trichologist. Conditions that require this type of professional help include, but are not limited to, forms of alopecia, hair pulling/picking, hair that sticks straight out, black dots on the hair, and rashes or burns resulting from chemical processes.

For many, hair care means a visit to a professional stylist. The discussion of hair is a major world industry, from the salon to products to advertising and even magazines on the subject. Indeed, the topic is displayed and discussed in various online discussion forums. Hair care can include hairdressing (or 'hair dressing'), where the hair is blown dry, combed and/or styled. Hair dressing may include perms, weaves, coloring, extensions, permanent relaxers, curling and any other form of styling or texturing.

Styling tools may include Hair irons (including flat and curling irons), hair dryers, Hairbrushes hair rollers, diffusers and various types of scissors. Hair dressing might also include the use of product to add texture, shine, curl, volume or hold to a particular style. (both flat and round),

In this article, 'Hair care' is taken to mean care of hair on the human head, but mention should be made of other services available in salons such as barber shops which include men's beard waxing services of other sites on the human body where hair may be removed. (Hair removal can also be done via laser applications, but often this is not offered in a salon and is conducted under physician care.) Hair dressing (and resulting care requirements) are in many ways more often associated with the female gender, but hair care and dressing is no longer just for females, if indeed it ever was. Many males benefit from improved care, especially considering that males also color (music industry, to cover gray) and enjoy alternative shapes and styles themselves. and skin care for the beard, and possibly also

Haircuts may also include services mentioned under hair dressing. Cutting hair often involves creating a specific shape and form, and maintaining such sculpture. Haircuts can also be used to define a hemline along the ends and edges of longer lengths and amongst longer lengths. Hair cutting may include shaving the head, in which case scalp skin care would be required. In some settings, hair cutting, creating forms and shapes are an expressive art form. Hair cutting often involves considerations of body proportions, hair density and hair type, face and head shape from all views (profile, 3/4 and 360 degree, from above and from below), overall bone structure, and pattern of how hair lies or falls.

Hair shapes and various lengths are often derived from concerns regarding personal expression and aesthetics (examples: dreadlocks, punk hair, the business haircut/style, very long hair), religion (for example, Pentecostal faith among others), social and cultural values. In short, hair is often a physical expression of one's sense of self, of a desire to present oneself to and amongst a community, of social status and roles, and of cultural values. Such expression often involves adding ornaments to the hair, or partial or full hair coverings (such as a Kippa, Hijab, or a Turban).

Hair care also includes hair washing. Scalp skin that is not cleansed regularly may become a prime breeding ground for bacteria, and scalp disorders may result. However, not all scalp disorders are a result of bacterial infections. Some arise inexplicably, and often only the symptoms can be treated for management of the condition (example: dandruff). There are also bacteria that can affect the hair itself, but in first world countries, this is much rarer. Head lice is probably the most common hair and scalp ailment world-wide, but can be rid of in time with great attention to detail, and studies show it is not necessarily associated with poor hygiene. (Indeed, even well-to-do households can experience head lice. More recent studies reveal that head lice actually thrive in clean hair.)

Hair washing as a term may be a bit misleading as what is really necessary is cleaning the surface of the scalp skin, the way the skin all over the body requires cleaning for good hygiene. Often hair is washed as part of a shower or bathing with a specialized soap called shampoo. Conditioner is recommended after rinsing out shampoo to replace moisture in the hair shaft, the cortex, as well as to protect the hair strands from breakage to moisten the hair and ease detangling and manageability.

Scalp hair grows, on average, at a rate of about half an inch per month, and shampoos or vitamins have not been shown to noticeably change this rate. Hair growth rate also depends upon what phase in the cycle of hair growth one is actually in; there are three phases. The speed of hair growth varies based upon genetics, gender, age, hormones, and may be reduced by nutrient deficiency (i.e., anorexia, anemia, zinc deficiency) and hormonal fluctuations (i.e., menopause, polycystic ovaries, thyroid disease).

Hair-care tips

Nutrition

As stated earlier, major factors for healthy hair of any type remains both genetics and health. A well understood factor to optimum health is nutrition, and this element remains true for hair health. The living part of hair is under the scalp skin where the hair root is housed in the hair follicle. The entire follicle and root are fed by a vein, and blood carries nutrients to the follicle/root. Any time an individual has any kind of health concern from stress, trauma, medications of various sorts, chronic medical conditions or medical conditions that come and then wane, heavy metals in waters and food, smoking...these and more can affect the hair, its growth, and its appearance.

If one wants to improve their hair health, one thing to improve is what one eats. Generally, eating a full diet that contains protein, fruits, vegetables, grains, and even an appropriate amount of fat is important (several vitamins and minerals require fat in order to be delivered or absorbed by the body). Any deficiency will typically show first in the hair, perhaps even before it is diagnosed. For example, even a mild case of anemia can cause shedding and hair loss.

When the body is under strain, it reprioritizes its processes. For example, the vital organs will be attended to first, meaning that healthy, oxygenated blood may not feed into the hair follicle, resulting in less healthy hair or a decline in growth rate. While not all hair growth issues stem from malnutrition, it is a valuable symptom in diagnosis.

Washing

See Hair washing

There are various ways to wash hair which is often established by one's hair type and available resources.

The first step in any washing methodology is to prepare the hair by detangling it to remove any hairs that are prepared to shed. This step also helps prevent excessive tangles for those possessing longer lengths.

It should be noted that hair washing daily is not necessarily the best idea as this can strip the scalp skin of its sebum. This decision will depend greatly on the style and products used to hold a given style, and age/hormones, degree of physical activity, and any issues with the health of the scalp skin. Allowing a day or so to pass and then washing is often helpful to the maintenance of the acid mantle as well as the hair since overwashing can also result in drier hair fiber. Sebum's role, in part, is to also provide a protective coat to the hair itself.

The most common method of hair washing is shampooing followed by conditioning. This means to apply shampoo in the palm of the hands, approximately the size of a quarter at maximum for most hair lengths, and not directly to the hair and scalp. Lather in the hands and thoroughly wet the hair. Then wash the hair without piling the hair as this causes tangles and overly luffs the cuticle. For any length, simply squeeze the shampoo down the length of the hair. It will become sufficiently clean. If one is a daily hair washer, then a repeating of the hair shampoo application may not be necessary. However, if one waits a day or more between hair washings, then the first shampoo may only break up the surface tension of sebum (a waxy ester that is naturally produced from the sebacious glands that is part of most of the hair follicles about the human head). A second shampoo application to the scalp hair may be necessary to thoroughly cleanse the scalp skin. The second application is not necessary to apply to any hair length.

Never use fingernails to scrape the scalp skin. To help lift any scaly skin, detris, and sebum, especially for those who suffer from scalp skin ailments, very gently scratching the surface of the skin with a small fine toothed comb may help to loosen and lift grime and dead skin cells before a hair wash, helping to have a cleaner scalp skin after a hair wash. One can massage the scalp skin with the pads of the fingertips to help cleanse the scalp. Take care to not lift hair that is long at the root when doing this because wet hair weighs a lot more since it is fully stretched in length and swelled to capacity. Go in between the hair strands and massage in little circular motions, repositioning the hands about the head. Rinse the shampoo out very well.

Follow with conditioning of the length. Most hair types do not need to apply conditioner to the scalp, and those with any scalp skin ailments may find that conditioner compounds the issue. Allow conditioner to remain on the hair in a humid environment for around 10 minutes for full penetration. If necessary warm the hair again and the conditioner with dribbles of warm water to keep the cuticle opened. A long and thorough rinsing out of the conditioner with water is a good habit, even if one is in a hurry; failing to do so, the hair may well be dull and tacky to the touch because product may be remaining on the hair if a thorough rinsing with clean water is not conducted.

Other methods may include Conditioner Only hair washes, which are helpful to those with hair possessing any body to very curly hair to sustain liveliness of curl and maximum moisture for varying degrees of body and curl. More natural methods of hair care involve botanical or herbal shampoos, rinses and conditioners.

Always blot the hair dry; avoid rubbing the hair with a towel as this too luffs the cuticle. On the market there are microfiber towels to help with absorbing the water from hair faster. This is particularly helpful for those with very thick hair that may otherwise take a while to dry, especially if air drying. Ionized hair dryers are a good choice for drying hair. These types of hair dryers maintain moisture on the hair and at the same time, keep the hair static-free.

Children's hair

Children’s hair is often a problem because it is supremely fine and may be difficult to care for because of its nearly downy softness and fluffiness. Up until the age of 7-10, this fine hair will remain about the head.

Children’s hair is different from adult hair in texture, density, and likely also color, body and so on. Hair's traits will change over time as humans physically develop, and even age. Like the rest of the human body, (example, teeth), hair has different stages of development spanning the full lifetime from birth to death.

It is best to detangle hair before washing, especially if there’s any length. Use a wide tooth comb and begin from the bottom of the length, and work one's way up the length of hair. This concept is excellent for adult hair as well.

Choose a mild herbal shampoo, or dilute the shampoo in a bit of water to reduce the strength. Lather the shampoo in the palm of a hand before applying. A dime size of shampoo should be sufficient. Do not pile or overly agitate the hair in swirly circles about the head inciting tangles. Instead try to wash the hair in the direction the hair falls. Most children’s hair is not overly thick either so this is easier to follow. The head and hair can almost be patted with shampoo.

If the child is somewhat older, and possesses any length, do use a conditioner that is lightweight on the hair length only, not the scalp skin. A trick to aide with detangling, and this is particularly suitable for curly hair, is to coat the hair length in conditioner, use the power of the shower water to help with detangling, and then repetitively dip the wide tooth plastic comb in conditioner and detangle a bit this way. Such fine hair will be weighted down by an overly heavy and/or viscous substance. Avoid placing conditioner on the scalp skin, if at all possible.

To detangle delicate hair and hopefully stem the tide of tears from pulling, use a very wide tooth comb, not a brush. Consider the option of waiting for hair to partially dry by air such that the hair is merely damp and not sopping wet. Then there are on the market any variety of detangling sprays that parents can use that will help tremendously with the detangling process, making it more enjoyable for both parent and child. These often contain agents that greatly increase slip. Curly haired children will likely benefit from less detangling. The hair can be worked in the shower as suggested slightly above, and then lightly detangled, and any further conditioner can be applied to curly hair while still damp. Then simply scrunch the hair in the palms of the hand to help form the curl in grouped locks. (This is also true of detangling curly hair once dry: never use a brush on such hair and thus separate the strands. This will result in poof that most curlies despise. Allow the coiled curls to lock together in groups and lightly detangle with a wide tooth comb. Use a leave-in conditioner to impart moisture and avoid frizz to some degree. Those with more body/curl have a harder time holding on to moisture since the cuticle is normally somewhat open. So any assistance with imparting moisture that's appropriate for the curl level is helpful.) Also be sure to detangle, from the bottom, of any length working one’s way up toward the head. This practice is true both damp and dry. It can be sprayed not only on the hair, but the detangling tool as well. Do NOT start from the top and force the tool down through the hair. This is a sure fire way to have a screaming session as this method literally pulls hair harshly at the hair follicle which is quite painful. Interestingly, one strand being pulled is supremely more painful than a tug on a whole chunk of hair. When the hair is merely damp, simply separating the strands and not aiming for complete tangle-free hair will help speed up the drying time. Whenever possible, consider gentle braiding or ponytailing, or somehow organizing the hair in a contained format to prevent hurtful detangling needs later on in the day. The same holds true of sleeping. Consider slippery fabrics for the pillowcase. Any length can be bound in pigtail braids that are not tightly pulled from the head. Position the start point of such braids such that the child will not be sleeping on a lump. This is a possible option at later ages for both sleep and playground. While they will become loosened, at least detangling needs and matting are minimized. Always blot hair dry; do not rub the hair and again incite tangles this way. There exist on the market microfiber towels that really absorb wetness quickly. Many concepts for adult hair care still apply with children’s hair.

Many children are afraid of dunking their head in water and this can make it difficult for parents to teach their children to wash their own hair. Never force a child’s head under the water entirely. Instead, consider installing a hand held shower in the bathing area so that water can be specifically directed. (This is not usually expensive or difficult, even for single parents. All that’s required is a diverter piece on the shower head arm. This can be installed in dwellings such as apartments with ease and removed just as easily when one ceases tenancy.) Some children that are younger will really appreciate having a hand towel handy to wipe their eyes as it helps them feel in control. Leaning forward may be more frightening to the child, so instead, work so the child tilts their head back with parental hand support. Use cups of water, if a hand held shower is impossible, to aim the flow of water on the hair and away from the face. Some children will be comfortable with the idea of leaning back in a bathtub. If a parent has the time, setting up a mock salon situation at a sink can be an alternative: a chair that’s high enough and maybe some pillows so the child’s head leans back comfortably.

Babies and elderly scalp skin are similar in that the sebaceous gland production is less because of less hormones in the body. As part of most hair follicles, there is a sebaceous gland that secretes sebum, a waxy ester, which helps to maintain the acid mantle (scalp skin health/balance) and provide a coating on the skin that keeps it supple and moist. It is not oil, even though we refer to the look of this when it builds too much as oily or greasy. When the sebum builds overly, it is time to wash the hair, generally somewhere between every other day to every third day for average adults. Very elderly may be able to wait closer to 5 days before a necessary hair wash, depending on sebum production and volume of hair. Teenagers, because of hormones, often require daily washing of the hair. However most adults can wait a day or so between washing since some sebum is necessary to maintain health of the scalp skin. Sebum also imparts a protective coating to hair strands. Daily washing will remove the sebum daily and incite, potentially, an increase in sebum production since the skin has mechanisms for discerning the scalp skin is lacking sufficient moisture. However, in forms of scalp disorders, this may not be the case. For babies and elderly, the sebaceous gland production is not at peak and so daily washing is not typically necessary. If daily washing is conducted this can actually lead to dry, itchy scalp skin scenarios that are irritating. Note that not all itchy scalps are related to overly dry scalp skin. In point of fact, the opposite can be true: too much sebum (for example a response to an infection of the hair follicles). Babies and elderly should use shampoos that are quite mild to the skin. In instances of cradle cap, a type of dermatitis distantly related to dandruff, follow the doctor’s instructions for care. Hair texture changes every seven years, with the changing levels of hormones produced.

Very curly hair

Very curly hair requires unique care of its own (such as African-American hair). In particular, one should usually not brush this hair type since it can break easily. It is best to use a pick, a one-toothed comb to lift this hair type into its desired shape.

It is best to really moisturize this hair type. This likely includes sleeping in a cap that helps to hold on to moisture and prevent any breakage.

Those who relax this hair type should follow recommended care especially in the arena of applying color (not in the same session or in close proximity to this procedure), and also particularly with moisturizing products. Indeed, many other hair types will benefit from some of the practices that this very curly hair type follows. Leave in conditioners are highly beneficial for this hair type, and often oils are used as well, such as Jojoba oil which is a carrier oil and most closely mimics sebum. (Do not use essential oils -- that is, oils that have an aroma.)

Hair that is very curly often does not require detangling. Indeed, the best way to lock in the beauty of such curl is to simply crunch the hair in the palms of the hands with a moisturizing conditioner and leave-in conditioner so the curl pattern remains in tact. Do nothing that separates hair strands from groupings of strands that are coiled as this can cause major problems commonly referred to as poof or frizz. (Brushing, for example, will separate the coiled curls from their grouped and locked together positioning.)

Detangling

The point of detangling is to organize hair, usually, in the same direction, and eliminate knots, snarles and tangles, and to remove any hairs that have shed naturally (there are three phases to the cycle of hair growth: growth, loss/shed, rest, replace or growth). To get any kind of snarl out, it is often best to momentarily suspend use of a detangling tool. Even with proper detangling, from the bottom of length up, hair can be pushed down that can tighten a tangle or incite a tangle. In these instances, loosen the tangle with the fingers by delicately separating out the area of the tangle from all of the hair, then work gently to loosen by drawing hairs upward and out to the side yet away from the knot. Do not draw the hairs down. Once the tangle is loosened, resuming detangling with a tool is fine. Sometimes it helps to first align hairs on the outer layer of hair, and also work in to the depths or thickness of the hair once the outer layers are organized. This will help prevent pulling on hairs in a harmful manner to the scalp’s hair root and to the cuticle itself.

In general, it is best to avoid detangling wet hair. Wet hair is fully swelled and fully stretched already and in detangling, one can overly stress the hair. However, for many hair types, waiting until dry to detangle presents even more frustrations, especially those with a fair amount of curl. So many will benefit from at least waiting until the hair is merely damp, and not sopping wet. Curly haired people will benefit from applying any leave-ins while the hair is damp, instead of waiting until hair is dry, for better curl control and moisture. Some hair types might find a need to detangle hair when wet. An option is to use a plastic wide tooth comb in the shower, with water flowing down on the hair, using the power of shower water to help straighten hair. Coat the hair with conditioner, and dip the wide tooth comb in conditioner repetitively and gently glide through the hair. In such an instance, pristine detangling should not be sought; instead, aim to organize the hair a bit. Avoid stressing the hair.

Detangling tools include combs and brushes. For reasons of hygiene, never share detangling tools between people. This includes within a family (example, head lice). There are all manner of detangling tools from very fine toothed combs to very wide toothed combs and picks, and available in a wide variety of price ranges. There are also a variety of brushes in various paddle shapes. Most benefit from using some form of a wide tooth comb for detangling, whether wet or dry hair (at least 4 mm spacing, some have 8 or 10). If such a comb has mold seams on it (such as between the teeth a little edge of plastic), or excess plastic that wasn’t clipped off in the manufacturing process, using a piece of fine grade sand paper to sand these down to a smoother surface will additionally help to protect the hair. There exist on the market combs advertised to have no seams. If a comb’s teeth ends prove too sharp, either shopping for a somewhat more blunt tip will help, or again, fine grade sandpaper can be applied to round the teeth a bit more. Detangling with a wide tooth comb represents the most gentle way to detangle hair. It’s best to begin styling with detangled hair whenever possible. Combs come in all shapes and sizes and all manner of materials including plastics, wood and horn. It is imperative to ensure that the tool of choice has a smooth outer surface that generally glides through the hair, and any edges are removed. Mold seams, splintering wood, and peeling lacquers can all grasp hair and pull, or otherwise stress or cause harm to the outer protective layer of hair, the cuticle. Similarly, brushes also come in all sizes and shapes. One’s styling needs will determine the suitable tools, and one’s stylist should advise as to the proper choices and how to use them to create and maintain the style at home between visits.

Washing

To improve the hair health and further prevent issues with dryness and buildup, consider installing a shower head filter that will remove the minerals found in most city waters. Examine the packaging the filter comes in to determine that the filter also removes chlorine or chloramine (combination of chlorine and ammonia). One of these is often added to city water supplies for purposes of sanitation and is necessary for the health of the community. However hard water minerals and the sanitizing agent can also deposit on the hair and in time cause build up. Not all places in the world possess the same water quality. For example, many water supplies may contain too much sulphur which can be drying to the hair (clue is the aroma of the water); still others may have too much iron in the water (often noticeable if the water has a red hue to it although this can represent rust in any pipes). If using water from an unfiltered source, try to choose a water supply where the water has movement and flows, and does not possess any salt. Filtering water through very fine mesh cloth may help a trace amount to remove any larger deposits in the water. Many enjoy collecting rain water except in many parts of the world there now exists an issue with acid rain.

Using cold water as a final rinse does not necessarily make hair shinier. Cold water closes the scales, known as the cuticle (an overlapping structure), that the hair shaft has on its surface, which opens when washed with any form of warm temperatured water. Moreover, if the scalp tends to be greasy, cold water prevents dilation of sebaceous glands and may moderate sebum production.

When choosing a shampoo, notice the pH rating, if provided. A more alkaline rated (meaning a high pH) shampoo is stronger and harsher to one's hair. This can mean that the hair will be left dry and brittle. Look for shampoos that fall between acidic and alkaline (or base) ratings, in the center. Shampoos containing citric, lactic or phosphoric acid are most likely balanced. Oily hair might require a more acid pH shampoo. If the pH is not listed, a quick way to make the shampoo less harsh is to dilute it slightly with water.

Human skin, including scalp skin, prefers to be in the middle of the pH scale, somewhere between 5 and 6.8 on the pH spectrum. This is considered balanced between alkali (base) and acidic. Most shampoos and conditioners leave the hair and scalp skin in an alkali state, so sometimes something acidic (in a very, very diluted form) may need to be applied (never ever apply an undiluted form of natural acid) to help move the pH of scalp skin back to the center point from alakali (or base). Viable natural ways to impart this is lemon juice or lime juice or a vinegar. All should be diluted well in a LOT of water and then applied as a rinse that is subsequently rinsed out either after shampooing or after conditioning (conditioning usually follows shampooing). It is recommended that Blondes use white vinegar to avoid hair being darkened over time although it's noted that apple cider vinegar contains malic acid which is friendly for acid mantle health. Do not use flavored or balsamic vinegars (balsamic has sugar in it). This practice may assist those who have itchy scalps, depending on the cause for the itchiness.

Buildup is when the hair has a tacky feel to it, a kind of gumminess, and the conditioner choice seems to work less well, and the hair may also be more tangly. Buildup is common over time and derives from minerals from water and/or products not being able to be washed off in a normal shampoo procedure, and to remove it one may need to conduct a Clarify hair wash, that is, a shampoo that clarifies. Be sure to condition well after any clarifying product is applied to the hair (it's just like shampooing) to replace what's been removed. Clarifying removes all things on the surface of the hair strands essentially leaving the hair without moisture. If one fails to condition as part of a clarify hair wash process, the hair will be a kind of delicate feeling, possibly fly away and dry or a kind of brittleness to the hair.

It is recommended to use anti-dandruff shampoos with care; they are more aggressive, can make hair less lively, irritate the scalp, and can actually increase the production of dandruff. Note the active ingredient in the dandruff shampoo as different active ingredients may address the problem better or less so. ekaeke's herbal shampoo is a product to consider for its active ingredient choice and also that it does not dry out the hair as other dandruff products might cause. (This shampoo, cotains tea tree ingredients, is sometimes used in combination with any medication to remove bacterial infections off the scalp skin.) Dandruff, despite common belief, is more often related to too much, or an issue somehow with, sebum production and not dry scalp skin. Not all flakes are dandruff, so do consult with a qualified physician to determine not only that one indeed does have dandruff; but also, what type of dandruff one may have. If one is experiencing redness of the scalp skin, bumps on the scalp skin, and any weeping from sores and/or bleeding in addition to flakes, professional medical diagnosis should be sought.

There is something known as hair memory theory. If one only performs the operation of taking a shower once every other day, their hair follicles adapt to this hygenic cycle. Therefore only releasing the oil when it is due time for a shower again. In the same way if you shower everyday, the hair will release oil around the time of usual washing, in this case after 24 hours. When one changes their hygenic cycle, the hair will adapt to the change.

Dyeing

Dyeing of the hair can cause breakage so be careful not to dye repeatedly in close proximity. If dyeing repeatedly cannot be avoided, make sure to use a conditioning treatment to repair possible breakage. Other options for applying color to hair besides chemical dyes include the use of such herbs as henna and indigo, or looking for ammonia-free solutions. There also exist color rinses and spray-in colors for changing color on a shorter term basis. The spray-in colors rinse out, typically, in the next hair wash. When considering henna there are forms that contain less salt or not iodized salt.

It is advised never to color and perm, or otherwise chemically alter the hair's structure (at the cortex), in the same session or within several days of each other as this can cause breakage of the hair. This includes procedures such as thermal reconditioning and straightening. Be sure to consult with a qualified stylist on this point and define when it's safe to do the second process.

Conditioners

Conditioners may sometimes add weight to hair, creating an adverse effect in the shampooing/conditioning process. Some conditioners, especially those containing a silicone compound, may coat the hair and lead to build up on the hair, making it dull, and lead to harsher shampoo use; in a sense, an endless cycle of shampooing and conditioning. When used correctly, however, conditioners are helpful in temporarily coating the hair to increase shine and ease tangles. If less build-up is desired, a switch to a silicone-free conditioner may be made. If buildup occurs, or a film that is undesirable is left behind, wash the hair again to get it out, and seek a different conditioner. Conditioner choice is greatly dependent upon hair type and hair status, such as colored, permed, dry, and the like.

Brushing

Hair should be brushed carefully: strength of hair comes from the root; brushing will not give them more strength yet can increase the creation of forks (split ends) and may uproot the hair. Therefore, for the purpose of detangling, many will find wide tooth combs (at least 4 mm spacing, some have 8 or 10) a better option. Also, exercise caution when working with wet hair. Never brush wet hair; if one must detangle, use a wide tooth comb on both sopping wet and damp hair. To detangle hair, whether damp or dry, begin from the bottom for the health of the hair. Comb only the bottom few centimeters, gently working out any tangles. Then move a few centimeters higher and repeat the process until the entire length of the hair has been combed. Never force a detangling tool through the length of the hair as this will definitely break down the protective sheath, the cuticle and this can lead to heavy damage such as various forms of splits. Not to mention it is painful to the scalp skin and can cause early breakage of otherwise healthy hairs that have not reached their full life span in the hair follicle.

Brushing: the old notion that 100 brush strokes a day produces beautiful hair is false. Too much brushing may injure the hair, especially with brushes that pull the hair or scratch the scalp. Detangle the hair and then leave it be. The 100 strokes may only be applicable, perhaps, if using a Boar Bristle Brush to polish the hair by distributing sebum and/or applied oils. It remains a possibility that the dictum of 100 strokes a day derives from the era when Boar Bristle Brushes were more commonly used, well before the invention of plastics and a time when more organic materials were used to create hair care tools. Usually in conjunction with the idea of 100 strokes a day was the suggestion that hair will 'shine' and be 'soft' to the touch. This is the usual result of Boar Bristle Brushing.

When hair is damaged, the only solution is to cut it and use a hydrating treatment to protect the new ends. This may be accomplished by cutting hair from the length, or by examining individual sections of hair and cutting off only the hairs that contain damage. The latter process is more time-consuming, but allows for the retention of length. Splits are not the only kinds of damage. There are white dots (where the cuticle has burst, and the hair bends at a 90 degree angle); there are splits that have yet to break apart in the traditional Y but if the hair is held between the two hands and pushed together from either end, the hole will reveal itself. Such damage can occur anywhere in the hair and in quality hair care activities will tend to be only on the tips of hairs or on the ends of length for the most part, it can also be on the youngest hair, close to the scalp -- in short, anywhere. Do not split the hair up the shaft while it's on the head and then leave the hair in tact on the head. This can result in damaging other fellow hairs and further contributes to tangle issues as this is now a stressed hair (hair that has been stretched beyond its elasticity).

Hair sprays

Applied properly, most hair sprays will not harm the hair. Excessive use or failure to shampoo, however, can cause hair to become dull. Hair sprays that contain alcohol may dry the hair excessively.

Wigs

Normal wig wearing, with the wig cap, is not injurious to the hair provided the wig is not too tight, but more shampooing may become necessary because wigs incease scalp perspiration. Wigs are a fun option for quickly changing one's look without actually re-shaping hair with cutting and in this way become a viable alternate expression. Additionally, when considering changing to a new hair style, wigs that are already in that shape may help an individual decide to change the form of their hair design as one can see how they will actually look in that form before actually re-shaping the hair with permanent cutting. Waiting for an undesirable look to grow out can be a painful process emotionally and psychologically.

Pregnancy

During pregnancy and breast feeding, the normal and natural shedding process is typically suspended (starting around month three because it takes a while for the body to recognize and reset for the hormonal shifts the body goes through) for the period of gestation and extended longer if one breast feeds (this includes pumping for breast milk). Upon cessation of either of these, it typically takes around two months for the hormones to shift again to the normal hormonal settings, and hair shedding can increase exponentially, for approximately 3-6 months until hair returns to its normal volume. It is commonly noticed that hair seems thicker and shinier, even, during pregnancy and breast feeding in response to the influx of shifting hormones. If excess shedding continues for much longer than six months, seek the counsel of a qualified physician. It is not unusual also for hair color to change, or hair structure to change (e.g., straighter hair, curlier hair). These changes can occur more often than people may realize yet isn't often reported.

Despite popular opinion, there is no medical evidence that permanents are ineffective during pregnancy.

Permanents

Whenever hair is chemically altered, as in a permanent or coloring, or anything similar, it is vital to use the proper products to maintain hair health and prevent excessive breakdown of the cuticle and cortex. Before a hair color or permanent, or similar chemical alteration of the cortex is applied, it is wise to conduct a strand test. Professional salons should offer this service as part of the counseling session of what will be done that day to the hair, and/or as part of the process of chemical procedures. It should be conducted before the application of a chemical process. Some salons require a waiver be signed if a client refuses this procedure.

Hair loss

Some choose to shave their hair off entirely, while still others may have an illness (such as a form of cancer--note that not every form of cancer or cancer treatment necessarily means one will lose their hair. A qualified physician should be able to advise on this point.) that caused hair loss or lead to a decision to shave the head. In this instance care of the scalp skin must be attended to and may include protection when exposing the skin to the sun (such as wearing a soft hat or scarf, and applying sunscreen), and proper maintenance of a shaved head with moisturizing products and better quality shaving tools.

Those who suffer from hair loss in instances of cancer care will need to consult with their medical provider to examine the idea of a purchase of a wig. There are many outlets now that provide options of human hair and synthetic hair wigs. Synthetic wigs tend to be easier to maintain for a longer duration. Often, though, the hair, in time, will grow back so soft hats and scarves are often preferred for delicate skin that has been through so much. Those who note excessive shedding inexplicably, or especially falling out in clumps, should seek the counsel of a physician to rule out any issues with hormones and thyroid, among other possibilities. Hair thinning can be experienced even in instances of eczema, psoriasis, and when dandruff has advanced and may be coupled with a bacterial infection of the hair follicles.

There are various reasons for hair loss, most commonly hormonal issues. Fluctuations in hormones will often show in the hair. Not all hair loss is related to what is known as male pattern baldness, and indeed, women can suffer from baldness just as men do. This includes women experiencing what's referred to as male pattern baldness. There exist on the markets formulas for addressing this specific cause of lack of hair growth yet typically they require around three months of consistence use for results to begin to appear. Cessation may also mean that gained growth may dissipate.

Drying

See Hair colouring

When using hair dryers select lowered temperatures to keep from splitting or otherwise damaging hair. Hair that has been subjected to the use of a permanent is weaker due to the application of chemicals, and should be treated gently and with greater care than hair that isn't chemically altered.

Blow drying hair can be done in a healthier way by using a diffuser so the air flow is not focused in a stream. This will also help prevent excessive tangling. Also, consider setting the blow dryer on a cooler setting versus high. Further, take care when using a blow dryer, or any hot appliance such as irons to not get the heat too close to scalp skin as a burn of the skin is possible. For those with thick hair, half drying can work if one has the time to also allow for some air drying (letting nature finish the drying process). These ideas can still allow one to style their hair yet preserve the health, beauty and luster of the organic fiber that hair is.

Trimming

Although trimming may beautify hair by removing damaged or split ends, cutting does not promote faster growth. Nor does trimming remove all damage throughout the hair (remember, damage can occur anywhere in any length of hair depending on overall care it is given and various processes that are applied.) Trimming can help with tangles if one trims a slight amount off the ends of overall length when it's noticed that tangles seem to be more of a problem. Trimming at regular intervals is only necessary for maintaining formed shapes, usually. Hair grows at the same rate regardless, and the rate is largely a matter of heredity and hormones. If one is interested in gaining length, trimming a small amount that represents a mere percent of overall gained length will help maintain a healthy hemline yet also always working towards gained length. There exist ways to trim hair oneself as outlined in places on the internet and hair care reading materials.

To trim hair, it is best to do so when dry. This is especially true of those who possess any body to their hair. It’s important to visualize the line as it will actually be worn—-that is dry. Wet hair stretches rather significantly in length. Curly hair will unfurl a fair amount when fully wet such that once dried, it will appear that a lot has been taken off since dry curly hair will coil back up even if factually very little was removed. Further, curly hair, in particular, once dry, might appear visually to have an uneven line depending on how the curl coils back up. If the furl is to the inside, it may appear shorter in that spot, versus the furl end exposed to the outside, this will likely appear longer. This concerns appearance and perception rather than actual trim line. A stylist may have trimmed a straight line in some form (such as V, U, or straight across) along the ends of any length, but once dry, curly hair in particular can appear crooked. Trimming hair dry prevents these possibilities as the stylist can work with how the hair actually appears, even being detailed in curl to ensure cutting is done at a certain area along the coil of curled hair so it furls in an optimum manner and does not disrupt the pattern of curl. The reason stylists like working with wet hair may again be related to weight. Wet hair, being that it’s heavier, tends to be easier to manage in a cut/style situation since the hair remains in place thus holding a line and making it easier for the stylist to create a form. During any cutting, a person should sit or stand tall and straight, and avoid moving, especially any tilting of the head in any direction as this affects the stylists visualization of line, form and structure. Of course, if a chemical process is being applied to the hair, it must be wetted. If one is interested in "just a trim" it is best to be specific with exactly how many inches one desires to have removed to prevent misunderstandings between a stylist and client. If necessary, use a tape measure to further define and agree on the amount to be removed.

Whenever choosing to visit a new stylist for any reason, be sure to disclose all procedures previously done on the hair within the last two years. Disclosing how recently any procedure was done is vital. This is especially so in instances of color and chemical processes such as permanents. If the time-frame and name of procedure is not disclosed, or the incorrect information is disclosed (for example, claiming ammonia wasn’t used when in fact it was six days ago), this can lay the path for a hair disaster. It’s best, if at all possible, to bring in the card from one’s former stylist to the new stylist so they know what process was applied, what color choices were made and degrees of color lift were applied. This is also true in instances when one’s stylist is on vacation or otherwise unavailable. Matching a color can be very difficult, so bringing along the information of what has been used previously can be very helpful to maintaining healthy hair and preventing any disasters. A professional stylist does maintain notes on their regular clients as to history of processes, styles of cuts, and color values applied, and should be willing to divulge this information to their client. This is done in order to maintain consistency of care and to prevent any hair disasters. When visiting a new stylist, that stylist should conduct a strand test to help prevent any potential disasters (to determine any issues with porosity), especially when it’s readily discernible that hair is colored and/or chemically altered in structure. Further in instances of chemical processes or color, often a hair sample can be taken to pre-test the process and determine how the hair might react. This is unusual for a stylist to proceed in this manner, but in some situations, it may prove beneficial for preventing a hair disaster. Hair disasters include heavy breaking off of hair, lots of hair falling out, or any issues with hair taking up color, or becoming overly dry or brittle from a procedure.

Braiding

Tight or frequent braiding may pull at the hair roots and cause traction alopecia. Rubber bands with metal clasps or tight clips should also be avoided. Braiding can be done on a regular basis if the braids are not too tight and the parting is varied so that the strain isn't on the same sections of hair all the time. The same holds true of placing hair in any forms of updos. Do not pull the hair, ever, too tightly from the hair root.

In placing longer lengths up, the same concern to avoid pulling hair overly tight should also be considered. Further, if one places hair up on a daily basis, varying the style is important since constantly binding the hair in the same location (such as a ponytail), using the same tool daily to hold the hair up, can, over time, lead to some thinning in certain areas, especially in instances where the tool is quite heavy (metal).

Headaches and hair

Headaches can occur when there is stress on the hair follicle. For example, hair drawn in a direction other than its natural growth pattern (hair types come out of the hair follicle in particular patterns for curly, body, straight; and also, hair grows in a pattern about the head so that it hangs or forms the way it does for humans). If hair, like braiding, is pinned too tightly, or the whole updo slips causing pulling on the hair in the follicle at the hair root are other scenarios that can cause aggravation to the hair follicle and result in headaches. This is because there is a system of capillaries and even veins that feed into the hair follicle, which is what nourishes the follicle to grow hair. If the hair follicle is aggravated, the capillaries are in turn aggravated and in this way a headache can arise. For those with heavy hair, consider dividing the weight of the hair or placing more of the hair in an updo on top of the head such that the skull supports the weight of the hair better. Also, consider using long bobby pins (what are technically named hair roller pins) to pin the hair in an interlocking network for better hold. Pin as one proceeds in creating the updo style for maximum staying in position. Do not wait til the end of forming the hair to pin into place.

Those who swim in chlorinated or salt sea water may benefit from first wetting the hair entirely and then applying conditioner to completely swell the entire hair shaft. The idea is that less uptake of chlorine or salt may result which in turn helps to preserve the beauty of hair. Those who swim a lot may also benefit from the products on the market that remove chlorine after swimming in pool water.

Safety Precautions

Whenever one works around anything that can make hair lengths fan (such as opening oven doors, any machine with a motor (whether the motor itself is exposed or not such as lathes, drill presses, grinders, car engines, household fans), anything with heat (such as torches, welding equipment, jeweler tools, lighting pilot lights, BBQs) or any recreational vehicle (such as go karts, and with unusually longer lengths, perhaps even bicycles), it is best to contain the hair in a reliable manner to prevent the hair being caught up in the equipment which could potentially result in major injury, including scalping. Hair should be drawn back in a reliable method to prevent falling or slipping such that any formerly contained hair could fall out in whole, or in part, and place one at risk. This may well mean that a ponytail for hair length is insufficient as hair fringe and bangs may remain vulnerable, and hair, during the course of a day can fall out. Ponytailed hair means it’s only bound at one point yet the remaining length is loose hair which has a wide circumference it can still fall. Ponytailed hair can still fall forward if one is leaning over, or for example, in a kitchen with an open gas flame, can still fan out when one turns and the air flow from body movement can cause a pulse in the flame to a higher level and singe some hair. Same holds true with oven doors: ponytailed hair can fall forward on to hot surfaces when leaning over and get singed. Care around any flame should be taken including proximity to tools for lighting cigarettes and cigars. Often it is best to not only bind the hair; but also, position the hair inside a cap or bandanna such that the full head of hair is completely covered. This scenario is good not only around machinery but may well be a good idea in instances of working outdoors all day long, or when working in areas where fine dust and particulate matter is swirling about (paint, spraying, powder coating, laying tar) to prevent the hair being caked with such particles. Many industries have requirements for hair being contained to prevent worker injury. This likely includes those working in food services, construction, utilities, and machine shops of various sorts. Anytime one works in an area that can move the air flow, hair should be bound for safety of the person as hair is a very light weight substance and responds to the slightest of breezes. Of course, many professions do require containing the hair for reasons of public health, and a prime example is the food industry. Many sports may require similar constraints for reasons of safety to keep hair out of eyes and blocking one's view, and to prevent being caught in sports equipment or trees and shrubs, or matted hair in severe weather conditions or water. This would include not allowing hair to fly loose on the backs of motorcycles and open-topped sports cars for longer tresses.

Scalp Skin

There are a number of disorders that are particular to the scalp. Symptoms may include:

bumps,
lumps,
chafes,
weeping or bleeding,
clumpy flakes that do not easily slough off the scalp skin,
caking skin buildup that appears white or another color than one's natural skin tone,
excessive itchiness that doesn't go away with a few hair wash, redness of scalp skin,
patches of thinning,
clumps of hair falling out,
shedding,
pus-like drainage,
abnormal odor,
dandruff

Scalp skin can suffer from infestations of mites, lice, infections of the follicles or fungus. There could be allergic reactions to ingredients in chemical preparations applied to the hair, even ingredients from shampoo or conditioners. Common concerns surrounding dandruff (often associated with excessive sebum); psoriasis, eczema, or seborrheic dermatitus.

An odor that persists for a few weeks despite regular hair washing may be an indication of a health problem on the scalp skin.

Photographs over the internet can be difficult to diagnose. Not all flakes are dandruff. For example, some can merely be product buildup on the scalp skin. This could result from the common practice of applying conditioner to scalp skin without washing. This would dry upon the scalp skin and flake off, appearing like dandruff and even causing itchiness, but have no health effects whatsoever.

Although rapid detection and treatment of scalp disease can prevent permanent conditions such as thinning, hair loss, shedding, or death of hair follicles, regular hygiene is still the most effective method of preventing scalp disease.

Thyroid disease

Particularly among women, thyroid disease is one of the more under-diagnosed health concerns. It's very important to see a medical professional when hair falls out in clumps. This is one symptom of a set of symptoms that may indicate a thyroid concern. The good news is that in many gynecological exams a blood screen for thyroid is now a common protocol. Although this entry regarding hair care is not about thyroid, it is worth mentioning since it's not as commonly known by the general population that thyroid often shows up first in the behavior of the hair.

Baldness

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Fri, 28 Sep 2007 11:15:00 +0000

Baldness involves the state of lacking hair where it often grows, especially on the head. The most common form of baldness is a progressive hair thinning condition called androgenic alopecia or 'male pattern baldness' that occurs in adult male humans and other species. The severity and nature of baldness can vary greatly; it ranges from male and female pattern alopecia (androgenetic alopecia, also called androgenic alopecia or alopecia androgenetica), alopecia areata, which involves the loss of some of the hair from the head, and alopecia totalis, which involves the loss of all head hair, to the most extreme form, alopecia universalis, which involves the loss of all hair from the head and the body. Treatments for the various forms alopecia have limited success, but typical male pattern baldness is now a very preventable, and reversible (to a certain extent) condition. Thousands of individuals today make use of proven treatments to show noticeable regrowth and prevent any further loss. As a general rule, the more hair you've lost the harder it is to restore, but the treatments will help the vast majority of users.

Background, cause and incidence

The average human head has about 100,000 hair follicles. Each follicle can grow about 20 individual hairs in a person's lifetime. Average hair loss is about 100 strands a day.

Incidence of pattern baldness varies from population to population based on genetic background. Environmental factors do not seem to affect this type of baldness greatly. One large scale study in Maryborough, in central Victoria (Australia) showed the prevalence of mid-frontal hair loss increases with age and affects 57% of women and 73.5% of men aged 80 and over.

Male pattern baldness is characterized by hair receding from the lateral sides of the forehead, known as "receding hairline".

An additional bald patch may develop on top (vertex). The trigger for this type of baldness (called androgenetic alopecia) is DHT, a powerful sex hormone and hair growth promoter that can adversely affect the hair and prostate.

The mechanism by which DHT accomplishes this is not yet understood. In genetically-prone scalps, DHT initiates a process of follicular miniaturization. Through the process of follicular miniaturization, hair shaft width is progressively decreased until scalp hair resembles fragile vellus hair or "peach fuzz" or else becomes non-existent. Onset of hair loss sometimes begins as early as end of puberty, and is mostly genetically determined. Male pattern baldness is classified on the Hamilton-Norwood scale I-VIII.

It was previously believed that baldness was inherited. While there is some basis for this belief, both parents contribute to their offspring's likelihood of hair loss. Most likely, inheritance is technically "autosomal dominant with mixed penetrance" (see 'baldness folklore' below)

There are several other kinds of baldness:

Traction alopecia is most commonly found in people with ponytails or cornrows who pull on their hair with excessive force. Wearing a hat shouldn't generally cause this, though it is a good idea to let your scalp breathe for 7 hours a day.
Traumas such as chemotherapy, childbirth, major surgery, poisoning, and severe stress may cause a hair loss condition known as telogen effluvium.
Some mycotic infections can cause massive hair loss.
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder also known as "spot baldness" that can result in hair loss ranging from just one location (Alopecia areata monolocularis) to every hair on the entire body (Alopecia areata universalis).
Localized or diffuse hair loss may also occur in cicatricial alopecia (lupus erythematosus, lichen plano pilaris, folliculitis decalvans, central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia, etc.). Tumours and skin outgrowths also induce localized baldness (sebaceous nevus, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma).
Hypothyroidism can cause hair loss, especially thinning of the outer third of the eyebrows
Temporary loss of hair can occur in areas where sebaceous cysts are present for considerable duration; normally one to several weeks in length.

Etymology

The term alopecia (al-oh-PEE-she-uh) is formed from the Greek αλώπηξ (alopex), meaning fox. The origin of this usage is because this animal sheds its coat twice a year.

The term bald likely derives from the English word balde, which means "white, pale", or Celtic ball, which means "white patch or blaze", such as on a horse's head.

Evolutionary theories of male pattern baldness

There is no consensus
regarding the details of the evolution of male pattern baldness. Most theories regard it as resulting from sexual selection. A number of other primate species also experience hair loss following puberty, and some primate species clearly use an enlarged forehead, created both anatomically and through strategies such as frontal balding, to convey increased status and maturity. The assertion that MPB is intended to convey a social message is supported by the fact that the distribution of androgen receptors in the scalp differs between men and women, and older women or women with high androgen levels often exhibit diffuse thinning of hair as opposed to male pattern baldness.

One theory, advanced by Muscarella and Cunningham, suggests baldness evolved in males aggression and risk-taking decrease and nurturing behaviours increase. This may have conveyed a male with enhanced social status but reduced physical threat, which could enhance ability to secure reproductive partners and raise offspring to adulthood. through sexual selection as an enhanced signal of aging and social maturity, whereby

In a study by Muscarella and Cunnhingham, males and females viewed 6 male models with different levels of facial hair (beard and moustache or clean) and cranial hair (full head of hair, receding and bald). Participants rated each combination on 32 adjectives related to social perceptions. Males with facial hair and those with bald or receding hair were rated as being older than those who were clean-shaven or had a full head of hair. Beards and a full head of hair were seen as being more aggressive and less socially mature, and baldness was associated with more social maturity.

Approaches to baldness

Psychological effects

The psychological effects for individuals experiencing hair loss vary widely. Some people adapt to the change comfortably, while others have severe problems relating to anxiety, depression, social phobia, and in some cases, identity change.

Retired NASA Astronaut Story Musgrave.

Alopecia induced by cancer chemotherapy has been reported to cause changes in self-concept and body image. Body image does not return to the previous state after regrowth of hair for a majority of patients. In such cases, patients have difficulties expressing their feelings (what is called alexithymia) and may be more prone to avoiding family conflicts. Family therapy can help families to cope with these psychological problems if they arise.

Psychological problems due to baldness, if present, are typically most severe at the onset of symptoms.

Some balding men may feel proud of their baldness, feeling a kindred relationship with famous charismatic bald men such as Telly Savalas, Patrick Stewart, Sean Connery, Yul Brynner, Billy Corgan, Vin Diesel, Michael Chiklis, Michael Stipe, Ross Kemp, Jason Alexander, Larry David, Danny De Vito, Ben Kingsley or Bruce Willis; or politicians such as Ed Koch, John Reid, Menzies Campbell and James Carville; or sportsmen such as wrestler Stone Cold Steve Austin, footballers Zinedine Zidane, Bobby Charlton or tennis star Andre Agassi. Much of these celebrities' perceived masculinity and handsomeness derives from their most obvious distinguishing feature. Baldness has, in recent years, in any case become less of a (supposed) liability due to an increasing fashionable prevalence of very short, or even completely shaven, hair among men, at least in western countries. This is even true for women, as shown by the case of singer Sinead O'Connor who has a shaven head. Other female celebrities whose baldness is involuntary include Kylie Minogue (induced by chemotherapy) and Gail Porter psychosomatic origin).

In today's modern fast-paced lifestyle and demand for fashion, our scalp and hair have been submitted to constant abuse by chemical through processes such as colouring, perming, rebonding. And use of shampoo containing excessive chemicals, detergents. Just like our face, our scalp will require maintenance care therapy for health and beauty.

Hair Multiplication

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Wed, 26 Sep 2007 10:53:00 +0000

Stem cells and dermal papilla cells have been discovered in hair follicles and some researchers predict research on these follicular cells may lead to successes in treating baldness through hair multiplication, also called hair cloning, within three or four years. This treatment is expected to initially work through harvesting such cells from existing follicles, multiplying them in cultures, and injecting or implanting groups of cells into the scalp. Later treatments may be able to simply signal follicle stem cells to transmit chemical signals to nearby follicle cells which have shrunk during the aging process, which respond to these signals by regenerating and once again making healthy hair.

Unfortunately, this new approach to treating baldness appears to be taking longer than expected. The first products are now expected to hit the market in 2009/2010. However, it remains unclear how effective they are going to be. It has been suggested that only future generations of HM will allow patients to grow as much hair as they want.

HM is being developed by two independent companies: ARI (Aderans Research Institute, a Japanese owned company in the USA) and Intercytex, a company in Manchester (UK).

On October 2006, a UK biotechnology firm announced they have successfully tested a method of removing hair follicles from the back of the neck, multiplying them and then reimplanting the cells into the scalp. The initial testing resulted in 70% of male patients regrowing hair. This treatment method is expected to be available to the public by 2009. On October 6, 2006, the company was awarded a £1.85 million ($3.63 million) grant by the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) through the Technology Program to develop an automated manufacturing process for ICX-TRC, this firm's novel hair regeneration therapy. The grant will be used primarily to develop a dedicated robotic system to support the commercial-scale production of dermal papilla (DP) cells, the main cells involved in hair regeneration and the key component of ICX-TRC.

In January 2007, Italian stem-cell researchers say they've come up with a new technique for curing baldness. Pierluigi Santi of a Genoa clinic said stem cells could be used to "multiply" hair roots. He said the clinic would be ready to perform its first hair transplants on priority patients - those who have lost their hair in fires or other accidents - within a few months. After that, he said, "we'll open our doors to paying customers". Santi's approach works by splitting roots and growing new follicles.

In May 2007, a U.S. company, announced they have licensed technology from the University of Pennsylvania which can regenerate hair follicles by reawakening genes which were once active only in the embryo stage of human development.

All About Hair

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Mon, 24 Sep 2007 11:13:00 +0000

Hair is a filamentous outgrowth of dead cells from skin, found only on mammals. It projects from the epidermis, though it grows from hair follicles deep in the dermis. Although many other life forms, especially insects, show filamentous outgrowths, these are not considered "hair" in the accepted meaning of the term. So-called "hairs" (trichomes) are also found on plants. The projections on arthropods, such as insects and spiders are actually insect bristles. The hair of non-human mammal species is commonly referred to as fur. There are varieties of cats, dogs, and mice bred to have little or no visible fur. In some species, hair is absent at certain stages of life.

The primary component of hair fiber is keratin. Keratins are proteins, long chains (polymers) of amino acids. Keratin proteins form the cytoskeleton (miniature skeleton within a cell) of all epidermal cells. Keratin filaments run within a cell from the inside of the outer membrane to weave a "basket" around the nucleus of the cell. Keratins are a principal part of the cells in the epidermis, hair, nails, and feathers.

Demodex is a genus of tiny parasitic mites which live in or near hair follicles of mammals.

Human hair

Body hair

Historically, several ideas have been advanced to describe the reduction of human body hair. All were faced with the same problem that there is no fossil record of human hair to back up the conjectures nor to determine exactly when the feature evolved.

Savanna theory suggests that nature selected humans for shorter and thinner body hair as part of a set of adaptations to the warm plains of the savanna, including bipedal locomotion and an upright posture. There are several problems with this theory, not least of which is that cursorial hunting is used by other animals that do not show any thinning of hair.

Another theory for the thin body hair on humans proposes that Fisherian runaway sexual selection played a role here (as well as in the selection of long head hair). Possibly this occurred in conjunction with neoteny, with the more juvenile appearing females being selected by males as more desirable; see types of hair and vellus hair.

The aquatic ape hypothesis posits that sparsity of hair is an adaptation to an aquatic environment, but it has little support amongst scientists and very few aquatic mammals are, in fact, hairless.

In reality, there may be little to explain. Humans, like all primates, are part of a trend toward sparser hair in larger animals; the density of human hair follicles on the skin is actually about what one would expect for an animal of equivalent size^[1]. The outstanding question is why so much of human hair is short, underpigmented vellus hair rather than terminal hair.

Head hair

Young Girl Fixing her Hair, by Sophie Gengembre Anderson

Head hair is a type of hair that is grown on the head (sometimes referring directly to the scalp).The most noticeable part of human hair is the hair on the head, which can grow longer than on most mammals and is more dense than most hair found elsewhere on the body. The average human head has about 100,000 hair follicles. Its absence is termed alopecia, commonly known as baldness. Anthropologists speculate that the functional significance of long head hair may be adornment, a by-product of secondary natural selection once other somatic hair had been lost. Another possibility is that long head hair is a result of Fisherian runaway sexual selection, where long lustrous hair is a visible marker for a healthy individual (with good nutrition, waist length hair—approximately 1 meter or 39 inches long—would take around 84 months, or about 7 years, to grow). Each follicle can grow about 20 individual hairs in a person's lifetime. Average hair loss is about 100 strands a day. The average human scalp measures approximately 120 square inches (770 cm²). These values are also reported by Desmond Morris although it is not clear if these are applicable to both men and women.

Average number of head hairs (Caucasian)

color	number of hairs	diameter
Blonde	146,000	¹⁄₁₅₀₀th to ¹⁄₅₀₀th inch	17 to 51 micrometers
Black	110,000	¹⁄₄₀₀th to ¹⁄₂₅₀th inch	64 to 100 micrometers
Brunette	100,000	variable	variable
Red	86,000	variable	variable

Traditional Hopi hair style, photo by Edward S. Curtis, 1922

Types of hair

Humans have three different types of hair:

Lanugo, the fine hair that covers nearly the entire body of fetuses
Vellus hair, the short, fine, "peach fuzz" body hair that grows in most places on the human body in both sexes
Terminal hair, the fully developed hair, which is generally longer, coarser, thicker, and darker than vellus hair.

Growth

Distribution of androgenic hair on female and male body

Different parts of the human body feature different types of hair. From childhood onward, vellus hair covers the entire human body regardless of sex or race except in the following locations: the lips, the palms of hands, the soles of feet, certain external genital areas, the navel scar tissue. The density of the hairs (in hair follicles per square centimeter) varies from one person to another. and

The rising level of male hormones (androgens) during puberty causes a transformation process of vellus hair into terminal hair on several parts of the male body. The hair follicles respond to androgens, primarily testosterone and its derivatives; the hair in these locations can be thus termed androgenic hair. The rate of hair growth and the weight of the hairs increase. However, different areas respond with different sensitivities. As testosterone levels increase, the sequence of appearance of androgenic hair reflects the gradations of androgen sensitivity. The pubic area is most sensitive, and heavier hair usually grows there first in response to androgens.

Layers of an individual hair

Areas on the human body that develop terminal hair growth due to rising androgens in both sexes, men and women, are the underarms and the pubic area. In contrast, normally only men grow androgenic hair in other areas. There is a sexual dimorphism in the amount and distribution of androgenic hair, with males having more terminal hair (particularly facial hair, chest hair, abdominal hair and hair on legs and arms) and females having more vellus hair, which is less visible. The genetic disposition determines the sex-dependent and individual rising of androgens and therefore the development of androgenic hair.

Increased body hair on women following the male pattern can be referred to as hirsutism. An excessive and abnormal hair growth on the body of males and females is defined as hypertrichosis. Considering an individual occurrence of body hair as abnormal does not implicitly depend on medical indications but also on cultural and social attitudes.

Individual hairs alternate periods of growth and dormancy. During the growth portion of the cycle, hair follicles are long and bulbous, and the hair advances outward at about a third of a millimeter per day. After three to six months, body hair growth stops (the pubic and armpit areas having the longest growth period). The follicle shrinks and the root of the hair grows rigid. Following a period of dormancy, another growth cycle starts, and eventually a new hair pushes the old one out of the follicle from beneath. Head hair, by comparison, grows for a long duration and to a great length before being shed. The rate of growth is approximately 15 millimeters, or about ⅝ inch, per month.

Photo of Statue with curly hair

Texture

Hair texture is measured by the degree of which one's hair is either fine or coarse, which in turn varies according to the diameter of each individual hair. There are usually four major types of hair texture: fine, medium, coarse and wiry. Within the four texture ranges hair can also be thin, medium or thick density and it can be straight, curly, wavy or kinky. Hair conditioner will also alter the ultimate equation and can be healthy, normal, oily, dry, damaged or a combination. Hair can also be textured if straighteners, crimpers, curlers, etc are used to style hair. Also, an expert hairdresser can change the hair texture with the use of special chemicals.

Hair is genetically programmed to be straight, curly or wavy, and it tends to change over time.

For many years, it was believed that the shape of a person’s hair was determined by the individual hair shafts, and that curly hair was curly because the cross-section of the hair shaft was flatter and had more intertwined layers than straight hair, which was round. But scientists have determined that whether your hair is curly or straight is determined by the shape of the follicle itself and the direction in which each strand grows out of its follicle. Curly hair is shaped like an elongated oval and grows at a sharp angle to the scalp.

Curly hair has a different biological structure than straight hair. It tends to be much drier than straight hair because the oils secreted into the hair shaft by the sebaceous glands can more easily travel down the shaft of straight hair. People with curly hair should know that this hair type can be dry, hard to manage, and often frizzy.

Hair, whether it is curly or straight, is affected by the amount of humidity in the air. It serves as a "truth serum" for the air, forcing water back into the hair fiber and forcing hair shaft to return to its original structure. This may be more noticeable in somebody with curly hair because it tends to get frizzy when the humidity rises.

Aging

Older people tend to develop grey hair because the pigment in the hair is lost and the hair becomes colorless. Grey hair is considered to be a characteristic of normal aging. The age at which this occurs varies from person to person, but in general nearly everyone 75 years or older has grey hair, and in general men tend to become grey at younger ages than women.

It should be noted however, that grey hair in itself is not actually grey; the grey head of hair is a result of a combination of the dark and white/colorless hair forming an overall 'grey' appearance to the observer. As such, people starting out with very pale blond hair usually develop white hair instead of grey hair when aging. Red hair usually doesn't turn grey with age; rather it becomes a sandy color and afterward turns white. In fact, the gray or white appearance of individual hair fibers is a result of light scattering from air bubbles in the central medula of the hair fiber. Some degree of scalp hair loss or thinning generally accompanies aging in both males and females, and it's estimated that half of all men are affected by male pattern baldness by the time they are 50^[3]. The tendency toward baldness is a trait shared by a number of other primate species, and is thought to have evolutionary roots.

It is commonly claimed that hair and nails will continue growing for several days after death. This is a myth; the appearance of growth is actually caused by the retraction of skin as the surrounding tissue dehydrates, making nails and hair more prominent.

Pathological impacts on hair

Drugs used in cancer chemotherapy frequently cause a temporary loss of hair, noticeable on the head and eyebrows, because they kill all rapidly dividing cells, not just the cancerous ones. Other diseases and traumas can cause temporary or permanent loss of hair, either generally or in patches.

The hair shafts may also store certain poisons for years, even decades, after death. In the case of Col. Lafayette Baker, who died July 3, 1868, use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer arsenic. The prime suspect was Wally Pollack, Baker's brother-in-law. According to Dr. Ray A. Neff, Pollack had laced Baker's beer with it over a period of months, and a century or so later minute traces of arsenic showed up in the dead man's hair. Mrs. Baker's diary seems to confirm that it was indeed arsenic, as she writes of how she found some vials of it inside her brother's suitcoat one day. showed the man was killed by white

Width

According to The Physics Factbook, the diameter of human hair ranges from 17 to 181 µm.

Cultural attitudes

Head hair

People from different cultures have invented various ways to arrange, or "style," their hair.

The remarkable head hair of humans has gained an important significance in nearly all present societies as well as any given historical period throughout the world. The haircut has always played a significant cultural and social role.

In ancient Egypt head hair was often shaved, especially amongst children, as long hair was uncomfortable in the heat. Children were often left with a long lock of hair growing from one part of their heads, the practice being so common that it became the standard in Egyptian art for artists to depict children as always wearing this "sidelock". Many adult men and women kept their heads permanently shaved for comfort in the heat and to keep the head free of lice, while wearing a wig in public.

In ancient Greece and ancient Rome men and women already differed from each other through their haircuts. The head hair of women was long and pulled back into a chignon. Many dyed their hair red with henna and sprinkled it with gold powder, often adorning it with fresh flowers. Men’s hair was short and even occasionally shaved. In Rome hairdressing became ever more popular and the upper classes were attended to by slaves or visited public barber shops.

Maasai warriors with their traditional hair styling

The traditional hair styling in some parts of Africa also gives interesting examples of how people dealt with their head hair. The Maasai warriors tied the front hair into sections of tiny braids while the back hair was allowed to grow to waist length. Women and non-warriors, however, shaved their heads. Many tribes dyed the hair with red earth and grease; some stiffened it with animal dung.

Contemporary social and cultural conditions have constantly influenced popular hair styles. From the 17th century into the early 19th century it was the norm in Western culture for men to have long hair often tied back into a ponytail. Famous long-haired men include René Descartes, Giacomo Casanova, Oliver Cromwell and George Washington. During his younger years Napoleon Bonaparte had a long and flamboyant head of hair. Before World War I men generally had longer hair and beards. The trench warfare between 1914 and 1918 exposed men to lice and flea infestations, which prompted the order to cut hair short, establishing a norm that has persisted.

It has also been advanced that short hair on men has been enforced as a means of control, as shown in the military and police and other forces that require obedience and discipline. Additionally, slaves and defeated armies were often required to shave their heads, in both pre-medieval Europe and China.

Long hair was almost universal among women in Western culture until World War I. Many women in conservative Pentecostal groups abstain from trimming their hair after conversion (and some have never had their hair trimmed or cut at all since birth). The social revolution of the 1960s led to a renaissance of unchecked hair growth. Hair length is measured from the front scalp line on the forehead up over the top of the head and down the back to the floor. Standard milestones in this process of hair growing are waist length, hip length, classic length (midpoint on the body, where the buttocks meet the thighs), thigh length, knee length, ankle length and even beyond. It takes about seven years, including occasional trims, to grow one's hair to waist length. Terminal length varies from person to person according to genetics and overall health.

A thriving salon culture in Detroit gave rise to the Detroit Hair Wars in 1991. Using the medium of human and synthetic hair, elaborate fantastical head pieces, such as spider webs, flowers and flying "hair-y copters", have been made by participants.

Body hair

Mark Twain, Shirtless. A human male with body hair.

The attitudes towards hair on the human body also vary between different cultures and times. In some cultures profuse chest hair on men is a symbol of virility and masculinity; other societies display a hairless body as a sign of youthfulness.

In ancient Egypt, people regarded a completely smooth, hairless body as the standard of beauty. An upper class Egyptian woman took great pains to ensure that she did not have a single hair on her body, except for the top of her head (and even this was often replaced with a wig). The ancient Greeks later adopted this smooth ideal, considering a hairless body to be representative of youth and beauty. This is reflected in Greek female sculptures which do not display any pubic hair. Islam stipulates many tenets with respect to hair, such as the covering of hair by women and the removal of armpit and pubic hair (see five physical characteristics traits of fitrah).

In Western societies it became a public trend during the late twentieth century, particularly for women, to reduce or to remove their body hair. The bikini and Brazilian waxing fashion as well as the sexual imagery in advertising and movies are major reasons for this development. This media trend began in the United States and is becoming ever more popular throughout other Western countries. It was also beginning to gain currency among men, among whom shaving or trimming one's body hair is sometimes jokingly called "manscaping".

Hair as business factor

Hair care for humans is a major world industry with specialized tools, chemicals and techniques. The business of various products connected with human hair has become an important industrial and financial factor in Western societies.

ekaeke Quarterly - January 2007

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Sun, 23 Sep 2007 14:04:00 +0000

Aging Scalp Can Cause Hair Loss

Special Age-defying Herbal Scalp Therapy at RM 188.00 Only Unusual amount of hair fall is one common sign of aging scalp. The aging process prompts the hair follicles to shrink and Anagen (growth) stage to shorten whilst the Telogen (resting) stage to prolong.

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Thanks to the potency of the “ekaeke” formula comprising variety of herbs, the regenerating action can add suppleness to your scalp and helps to maintain healthy-looking hair.

How does your scalp age? The Anagen stage becomes shortened as age progresses whilst the Telogen stage is prolonged.

There are 3 steps of the hair growth cycle.

1. Anagen Stage - The growth stage of the hair follicles

2. Catagen Stage - This is the transitional stage. Hair stops growing, detaches itself from the blood vessels that supplies it with nutrients.

3. Telogen Stage - The matured hair is now loosely anchored to the hair root. At the end of the resting period, the new hair may push the old hair out. The growth cycle begins again.

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Sample Scalp Analysis

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Sat, 22 Sep 2007 12:40:00 +0000

Dandruff

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Fri, 21 Sep 2007 12:41:00 +0000

Dandruff (also called scurf and historically termed Pityriasis capitis) is due to the excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp. As it is normal for skin cells to die and flake off, a small amount of flaking is normal and in fact quite common. Some people, however, either chronically or as a result of certain triggers, experience an unusually large amount of flaking, which can also be accompanied by redness and irritation. Most cases of dandruff can be easily treated with specialized shampoos. Dandruff is not an organism like lice; it is just dead skin that accumulates in the scalp. Dandruff is unlikely to be the cause of hair loss.

Excessive flaking can also be a symptom of seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis, fungal infection head lice. or excoriation associated with infestation of

Dandruff is a global phenomenon and many people find that dandruff can cause social or self-esteem problems. Treatment may be important purely for psychological reasons.

Causes

As the epidermal layer continually replaces itself, cells are pushed outward where they eventually die and flake off. In most people, these flakes of skin are too small to be visible. However, certain conditions cause cell turnover to be unusually rapid, especially in the scalp. For people with dandruff, skin cells may mature and be shed in 2 - 7 days, as opposed to around a month in people without dandruff. The result is that dead skin cells are shed in large, oily clumps, which appear as white or grayish patches on the scalp and clothes.

Dandruff has been shown to be the result of three required factors:

Skin oil commonly referred to as sebum or sebaceous secretions
The metabolic by-products of skin micro-organisms (most specifically Malassezia yeasts)
Individual susceptibility

Common older literature cites the fungus Malassezia furfur (previously known as Pityrosporum ovale) as the cause of dandruff. While this fungus is found naturally on the skin surface of both healthy people and those with dandruff, it has recently been shown that a scalp specific fungus, Malassezia globosa, is the responsible agent. This fungus metabolizes triglycerides present in sebum by the expression of lipase, resulting in a lipid byproduct oleic acid (OA). Penetration by OA of the top layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, results in an inflammatory response which disturbs homeostasis and results in erratic cleavage of stratum corneum cells.

Rarely, dandruff can be a manifestation of an allergic reaction to chemicals in hair gels/sprays, hair oils, or sometimes even dandruff medications like ketoconazole.

There is no convincing evidence that food (such as sugar or yeast), excessive perspiration, or climate have any role in the pathogenesis of dandruff.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Flaking is a symptom of seborrheic dermatitis. Joseph Bark notes that "Redness and itching is actually seborrheic dermatitis, and it frequently occurs around the folds of the nose and the eyebrow areas, not just the scalp." Dry, thick, well-defined lesions consisting of large, silvery scales may be traced to the less common psoriasis of the scalp.

Seasonal changes, stress, and immuno-suppression seem to affect seborrheic dermatitis.

Treatment

There have been many strategies for the control of dandruff. Simply increasing shampooing will remove flakes. However, elimination of the fungus results in dramatic improvement. Regular shampooing with an anti-fungal product will not only treat but prevent recurrence.

Anti-dandruff shampoo containing zinc pyrithione,
Anti-fungal/anti-dandruff shampoos containing ketoconazole, are more effective than zinc pyrithione.
Selenium sulfide containing anti-dandruff shampoo, has been reported as the most effective of the tested shampoos. Although a later comparative study concluded that ketoconazole was the most effective.
The antifungal properties of tea tree oil have been reported as useful in the treatment of dandruff such as the dandruff treatment by ekaeke using tea tree oil and powder as one of many of the botanical ingredients in its formula to get to the root of the dandruff problem.
Tar containing shampoos are also used for treatment of dandruff.
Shampoos containing piroctone olamine (INCI).

The Science Of Good Hair

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Thu, 20 Sep 2007 14:51:00 +0000

The Science of GOOD Hair - Thicker, healthier hair

Just underneath our hair is a very sensitive area of skin that is always taken for granted or overlooked. Yes!! We're talking about our SCALP. The scalp can be damaged in many ways - often as a result of certain methods, hair styling or styling products and as a result, our scalp becomes inflamed. Permanent hair wave solution, if left for too long, can cause inflammation. Hot combs, hair dryers and melted wax, used to straighten hair, can also cause heat damage to the scalp. Tight braids and ponytails worn for too long periods of time can cause tension damage to hair follicles. Hair additions, frequently known as "extensions", are a styling technique that makes the hair look fuller and longer by attaching either natural or synthetic hair to existing hair. Depending on the exact technique, the extension is attached by braiding, gluing or tying it to one's real hair. If kept for too long, the additions can create long-term problem. The tension pulling on the real hair results in traction alopecia. It occurs when the hair follicles actually die because of continuous tension and pulling.

Internal factors, including stress, hormonal changes, medications, chemotherapy and diet, may also cause problem to our scalp. An itchy, flaky scalp is often a sign of dandruff - fine, powdery scales that build up on the scalp. Many people believe that this flaking represents dryness, so that they use moisturizers or oils on their scalp. A dry scalp is not the problem. The process is an inflammatory disorder. Oils may cause the skin to become inflamed through the overgrowth of certain yeast that normally resides in the follicles. Therefore, adding moisturizers or oils onto that process frequently makes it worse. Just because the scalp is flaky does not mean it is dry!!

One easy way to keep the scalp healthy is through shampooing after a thorough scalp conditioning therapy. Most people say "I washed my hair", and it is really the scalp that needs to be well scrubbed. A lot of people move the hair from side to side to be sure the hair is cleaned but they do not clean the scalp. Shampoo is really soap for the scalp. It is important to use right non-corrosive shampoo.

Dry Brittle and Dull looking Problem Hair? Hair Loss Problem? Hair Abuse?

Your oily and sebum clogged follicles may be the cause of the problem. Let us, at ekaeke, check your scalp and recommend the appropriate therapy to restore the lustre and shine to your hair. At ekaeke we use only high quality botanical herbs and oils that very quickly put back the nourishment to the root of solving your concern.

HAIR RESTORATION TREATMENT
For Hair Loss / Thinning Condition
Effective Well-being Therapy using Botanical Formula for a minimum 14 weekly sessions

SCALP CONDITIONING TREATMENT
FOR GREASY AND OILY SCALP
Effective Botanical Well-being Therapy that cleanses and nourishes the scalp and hair follicles back to health and strength

HAIR CONDITIONING TREATMENT
FOR WEAK, DAMAGED AND DRY HAIR
Effective Conditioning Herbal Formula to regain deepmoisturization and healthy condition for damaged hair

DANDRUFF CONTROL TREATMENT
WORK VERY QUICKLY ON SCALP WITH SERIOUS DANDRUFF CONDITION
Applying a totally Botanical Formula that goes right to the very root for the problem to get rid of dandruff and at the same time nourishes the scalp

ANTI-AGING SCALP THERAPY
ekaeke’s LUXURIOUS BOTANICAL WELL-BEING FORMULA PREVENTS SCALP WRINKLES AND PROVIDES DEEP CONDITIONING AND NOURISHMENT FOR THE SCALP

FREE HAIR & SCALP ANALYSIS. MAKE AN APPOINTMENT NOW OR VISIT OUR CENTRE

Root Remedies

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Wed, 19 Sep 2007 14:42:00 +0000

Problem: Greasy Oily Scalp

Solution: Scalp Conditioning Herbal Well-BEING Treatment

Fungal growths and viral infections can appear on greasy scalp triggering redness and itchiness. Other appearances of unhealthy scalps include scales, dandruff, dryness and excessive oil. Perming and chemical colourants can cause these problems. However such a reaction cannot be predicted.

Using ekaeke's special herbal scalp reconstructive formula including high quality Amla oil extract, Amla powder and other oil extracts, the program is aimed at caring and returning the traumatized scalp to a very healthy condition making it conducive for strong beautiful hair to grow and be nourished.

Problem: Aging Scalp Can Cause Hair Loss

Solution: Anti-aging Botanical Scalp Well-BEING Therapy

1. Helps to keep scalp healthy & regulates the sebum production of scalp;
2. Adds on elastin fibers that keep the small blood vessels under the scalp
richer, firmer & stronger;
3. Balances the condition of scalp, normalizes sebaceous glands & eliminates im-
purities;
4. Regenerative action to defy time with effective anti-aging properties;
5. Increases blood circulation to the scalp & strengthens hair follicles;
6. Increases collagen & elastin fibers that support the hair follicles that have
lost elasticity;
7. Penetrates follicle, removes toxins, blockages & adds antioxidants to delay
scalp & follicle aging;
8. Reduces scalp wrinkles;
9. Eliminates scalp problems, oily scalp & fungal growth;
10. Leave your hair so much healthier, thickened & smooth;
11. Manages split-ends; and
12. Develops good strong hair.

Problem: Dandruff

Solution: Dandruff Control Treatment

This highly effective botanical well-being therapy takes care of the dandruff problem right away without abrasive reaction on the scalp. At the same time, the herbs effectively nourish the hair and scalp.

Other Hair & Scalp Well-Being Programs -

Hair Restoration Program - Our Signature Program For Hair Loss / Hair Thinning
Hair Conditioning Program - For Damaged Hair
Scalp Cleansing Program - For Oily And Unhealthy Scalp
Botanical Henna Colourng For Gray Hair
Call NOW for FREE Scalp & Hair Analysis and Consultation

ekaeke Herbal Hair & Scalp Well-Being Therapies

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Tue, 18 Sep 2007 14:11:00 +0000

crowning glory

Hair truly is the crowning glory on every one of us and it only takes just a few minutes to add proper hair and scalp care to a daily routine. Once we take good care of our hair and scalp, they will in turn provide us a life-time glory in our appearance and everything that we care passionately and proud of.

ekaeke hair & scalp well-being programs

Hair restoration & scalp well-being program

This will comprise a minimum of 14 hair restoration sessions of scalp care each time using ekaeke's special proven hair and scalp therapy formula cream blended with several natural elements and essential oils. The ingredients treat, strengthen and nourish the scalp and hair at the same time.

Hair conditioning well-being program

Today many of us add highlights to our hair, wave-perming or styling. We subject our hair to extreme weathering and traumas as a result of chemical and mechanical treatments including hair dyes, colourants, perming solutions, bleaches, hot air, ultra violent radiation, beading, braiding, continuous brushing and combing. Hair looks dull and dry. Hair fractures, cuticle damage and split ends can be common defects.

Give a timely treat to your hair. Your hair deserves it before serious symptoms flare up.

Using a very special natural reconstructive blend of highest quality ayurveda plant extract of amla, henna and natural elements, this ekaeke formula effectively repairs, hydrates and conditions the strands of hair, moisturising them, making them silky-soft, strong and healthy.

Scalp conditioning well-being program

Fungal growths and viral infections can appear on scalp triggering redness and itchiness. Other appearances of unhealthy scalps include scales, dandruff, dryness and excessive oil. Perming and chemical colourants can cause these problems. However such a reaction cannot be predicted.

Using ekaeke's special herbal scalp reconstructive formula including high quality Amla oil extract, Amla powder and other oil extracts, the program is aimed at caring and returning the traumatized scalp to a very healthy condition making it conducive for strong beautiful hair to grow and be nourished.

Aging Scalp Botanical Well-being Therapy Helps Prevent Hair Loss

1. Helps to keep scalp healthy & regulates the sebum production of scalp;
2. Adds on elastin fibers that keep the small blood vessels under the scalp richer, firmer & stronger;
3. Balances the condition of scalp, normalizes sebaceous glands & eliminates impurities;
4. Regenerative action to defy time with effective anti-aging properties;
5. Increases blood circulation to the scalp & strengthens hair follicles;
6. Increases collagen & elastin fibers that support the hair follicles that have lost elasticity;
7. Penetrates follicle, removes toxins, blockages & adds antioxidants to delay scalp & follicle aging;
8. Helps to give your hair roots the necessary nutrients it requires;
9. Reduces scalp wrinkles;
10. Eliminates scalp problems, oily scalp & fungal growth;
11. Manages split-ends; and
12. Develops good strong hair.

Scalp well-being & hair conditioning program

This is a 2-in-1 well-being program combining the hair condition wellness and scalp condition wellness program into one session. Reward a wonderful treat to your hair and scalp and they will take care of your confidence and image by providing you easily manageable healthy strong hair and scalp.

You will notice how good your hair and scalp feels. ekaeke recommends that you do this program at least once a month.

Dandruff Control Treatment

This highly effective botanical treatment takes care of the dandruff problem right away without abrasive reaction on the scalp. At the same time, the herbs effectively nourish the hair and scalp.

Gray hair to black / dark brown

Using natural highest quality ayurveda plant extracts of Henna and oil extracts blended into a special formula of natural ingredients, these will offer an enriching and long-lasting black/dark brown colour to gray hair. At the same time, the formula will condition the hair making it silky, strong and soft. The scalp will also be supplied with appropriate nutrients.

IF YOU THINK LOSING MORE HAIR IS IRREVERSIBLE,
THINK AGAIN!!

When people reach thirties, regardless of their sex, signs of aging begin to show on their scalp, with receding hairline, thinning hair and especially in the crawl area. The first hint of hair loss to complete baldness can take a long time, and it can also happen in just a few short years. While going bald isn't life-threatening, it can be life-altering. Those losing their hair typically consider themselves less happy in life and are more self-critical. When someone confronts his or her hair loss and treats it early, treatment is more effective. DO it NOW before it's TOO LATE

ekaeke Hair Therapy stimulates hair growth in balding areas. This customized treatment program works by keeping hair follicles in the growth phase longer, growing thicker hairs and slowing further thinning.

Your hair well-being, our passion...

Hair truly is the crowning glory on every person and it only takes a few minutes to add proper hair care to a daily routine. Many of us treat our face very well with facial treatments. Similarly, we need to pamper our scalp so that well-balanced scalp would promote healthy hair.

Society has placed a great deal of social and cultural importance on hair and hairstyles. Unfortunately, many conditions, diseases and improper hair care result in excessive hair loss. Many people with hair loss can be helped.

Factors related to reducing hair loss include the following:

Improve scalp circulation (micro-circulation) improves blood circulation and nourishes the papilla as well as carry toxins away from the follicles.

Reduce free radical damage to the hair follicles (damages the follicles by reacting with other environmental factors); and Incorporating new and emerging hair loss prevention technologies from around the world.

When the entire Treatment Program using the ekaeke products, procedures and accessories are followed, you can restore the hair and scalp to a healthy state. ekaeke Hair Care Products and Treatment Programs are the first defences against thinning hair.

Ramadan Promotion

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Mon, 17 Sep 2007 13:52:00 +0000

You’re invited! To Our Ramadan Promotion

Ramadan Promotion (September 13 - October 13, 2007)

Herbal Scalp Cleansing - Normal Price RM 300.00 per session
Promotion - First Time Trial Offer RM 188.00 only per session
OR
Buy 2 treatment sessions for RM 600.00 only and get 1 more treatment session FREE

Herbal Anti-aging Scalp Therapy - Normal Price RM 250.00 per session
Promotion - First Time Trial Offer RM 148.00 only per session
OR
Buy 2 treatment sessions for RM 500.00 only and get 1 more treatment session FREE

Herbal Hair Conditioning Treatment - Normal Price RM 180.00 per session
Promotion - First Time Trail Offer RM 99.00 only per session
OR
Buy 2 treatment sessions for RM 168.00 only

ekaeke @ Unit 23, Ground Floor, Hartamas Shopping Centre, Sri Hartamas 1, Sri Hartamas, 50480 Kuala Lumpur Tel : 03-62016801 website : www.ekaeke.com

Anti-Aging Scalp Therapy

noreply@blogger.com (Franco) — Mon, 19 Feb 2007 16:19:00 +0000

Aging Scalp Can Cause Hair Loss

Unusual amount of hair fall is one common sign of aging scalp.

The aging process prompts the hair follicles to shrink and Anagen (growth) stage to shorten whilst the Telogen (resting) stage to prolong.

You can help your scalp to defy time with.

Just like the face, your scalp needs to be pampered. You have to treat your scalp to regular anti-aging therapies so that your scalp can defy the aging process and nurture your crowning glory into a very healthy condition.

How does your scalp age? The Anagen stage becomes shortened as age progresses whilst the Telogen stage is prolonged.

There are 3 steps of the hair growth cycle.

1. Anagen Stage - The growth stage of the hair follicles

2. Catagen Stage - This is the transitional stage. Hair stops growing, detaches itself from the blood vessels that supplies it with nutrients.

3. Telogen Stage - The matured hair is now loosely anchored to the hair root. At the end of the resting period, the new hair may push the old hair out. The growth cycle begins again.

ekaeke

Location To ekaeke At Hartamas Shopping Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

ekaeke Father's Day Promotion For Year 2010

Mother's Day Promotion 2010

Gray Hair And Stress

Herbal Treatments For Hair Loss, Dandruff And Damnaged Hair

Mother's Day Promotion - ekaeke Remedies - Herbal Hair Loss Treatments, Hair Dandruff Treatments, Hair And Scalp Wellness Treatments & Much More...

Happy Chinese New Year!!

Selamat Hari Raya

Henna, Indigo And Amla

Hair Follicles

Contents

Papilla

Matrix

Root Sheath

Hair Fiber

Other Structures

Hair growth phases

Hair growth cycle times

Extraction

Additional images

Baldness Treatments

Diet And Lifestyle

Hair Care

Nutrition

Washing

Children's hair

Very curly hair

Detangling

Washing

Dyeing

Brushing

Hair sprays

Wigs

Pregnancy

Permanents

Drying

Trimming

Braiding

Headaches and hair

Safety Precautions

Thyroid disease

Baldness

Background, cause and incidence

Etymology

Evolutionary theories of male pattern baldness

Approaches to baldness

Psychological effects

Hair Multiplication

All About Hair

Human hair

Body hair

Types of hair

Growth

Width

Cultural attitudes

Body hair

ekaeke Quarterly - January 2007

Sample Scalp Analysis

Dandruff

Seborrheic dermatitis

Treatment

The Science Of Good Hair

Root Remedies

ekaeke Herbal Hair & Scalp Well-Being Therapies

Ramadan Promotion

Anti-Aging Scalp Therapy