<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489</id><updated>2025-12-01T18:07:27.513-08:00</updated><category term="Işık ve LED Devreler"/><category term="Motor kontrol devreleri"/><category term="cesitli"/><category term="download"/><title type='text'>HAZIR DEVRELER</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>78</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-7932290312876606281</id><published>2017-05-09T06:00:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-09T06:00:44.868-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Arduino ile 6 adet servo motoru potla kontrol etme</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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Özellikle robotik uygulamalarda kullanabileceğiniz &amp;nbsp;bu devreyi kendim hazırladım(&lt;a href=&quot;https://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com.tr/&quot;&gt;By Eyyupk&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByEegV6wbxiTazlJcm5XSWc5WWs/view?usp=sharing&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/7932290312876606281/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/7932290312876606281?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/7932290312876606281'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/7932290312876606281'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2017/05/arduino-ile-6-adet-servo-motoru-potla.html' title='Arduino ile 6 adet servo motoru potla kontrol etme'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfsIe4lBKWMG1Z40tXQ2vqgRqxT6ts7u19I80qQm4xQR7kH1tA_sZkX3nWnH0WFMkPVn4NNn0P4a3j3KO2tSZFSwLHp0248N5ywBUKHu_A9HZ_NVWFnyhlxtb61CU10l6x3eaL7Ob4HPM/s72-c/Ba%25C5%259Fl%25C4%25B1ks%25C4%25B1z-2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-8914010545849042643</id><published>2017-05-08T00:50:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-08T00:59:39.628-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Proteusta arduino nasıl çalıştırılır?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Arduino projenizi direk olarak&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot;, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;breadboardta&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;denemek yerine simülasyon ile denemeniz yaptığınız hataları daha kolay görmenizi ve yazdığınız programın düzgün çalışıp çalışmadığını kontrol etmenizi sağlayacaktır. Daha az süre ve daha az kaynak ile daha verimli bir arduino projesi tasarlayabileceksiniz.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #cc3333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: firebrick; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1. Adım: Kütüphane Dosyasının İndirilmesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Verdiğim linkteki dosyayı indirip içerisindeki&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5vddbSlyKoZeXlJNUV5QmNlSlE/&quot;&gt;ARDUINO.LIB&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(ürenine tıklayarak indirebilirsiniz)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;dosyasını bir klasöre çıkarınız.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #cc3333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; color: firebrick; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2. Adım: Kütüphane Dosyasının Proteus Programına Tanıtılması&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Klasöre çıkardığınız&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ARDUINO.LIB&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;dosyasını kopyalayınız.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Proteus 7 kullanıyorsanız;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;C:\Program Files\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 7 Professional\LIBRARY&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;nbsp;Proteus 8 kullanıyorsanız;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;C:\ProgramData\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\LIBRARY&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;C:\Program Files\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\LIBRARY&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, konumuna yapıştırınız.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h1 style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #cc3333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; color: firebrick; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;3. Adım: Proteus Programında Simülasyon&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;PROTEUS ISIS programını çalıştırınız. kısayol olarak klavyenizin &#39;P&#39; tuşuna bastığınızda karşınıza komponent seçim ekranı gelecektir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Arama kısmına Arduino yazdığınızda komponent seçim ekranında Arduino Uno, Mega1280 ve Mega2560 kartlarını göreceksiniz. Simulasyonda bir led yakacağız, bunun için kullanacağımız komponent listesine Arduino UNO,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;LED&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;ve Direnç ekleyeceğiz. Led ve Direnç eklemek için arama kısmına&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&#39;led-red&#39;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&#39;minres330r&#39;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazmanız yeterli olacaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Toprak eklemek için resimde gösterildiği gibi&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Terminals&amp;gt;GROUND&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;seçip toprağımızı devremize bağlıyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Devrenizi kurdunuz ve Arduino kartınızda şu an bir program yüklü değil bunun için bir Blink programı atalım. İlk önce simülasyonunuzun çalışabilmesi için&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&#39;.hex&#39;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;dosyasına ihtiyacınız olacaktır ;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.arduino.cc/download.php?f=/arduino-nightly-windows.zip&quot;&gt;Arduino IDE&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(üzerine tıklayak indirebilirsiniz)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;programını açıyoruz. File&amp;gt;Preferences kısmında resimde gösterilen kutucukları işaretliyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Arduino IDE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;içerisinde mevcut olan&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&#39;Blink&#39;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;programını açıyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Açtığınız &#39;Blink&#39; programını resimdeki gibi&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Verify&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;(tik işaretli buton) ediyoruz ve Verify işleminin tamamlanmasını bekliyoruz. İşlem tamamlandıktan sonra yapılan işlemler bölümünden en son çıkan .hex dosyasının konumunu kopyalıyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIy-GLKAXxMEOoYD3l7P1JnAE7HZpFVy7AZy2B_HXrgDAIwHN9PovJ3SZfJqNm9J7d19V8EFHSdEfE7A4QSWhZLuINFn1uhgEaLSJ2uuCRzXXSxu-IBYBRMbipUPygN18LIPK_57FOlFQ/s1600/ardprts11.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIy-GLKAXxMEOoYD3l7P1JnAE7HZpFVy7AZy2B_HXrgDAIwHN9PovJ3SZfJqNm9J7d19V8EFHSdEfE7A4QSWhZLuINFn1uhgEaLSJ2uuCRzXXSxu-IBYBRMbipUPygN18LIPK_57FOlFQ/s640/ardprts11.png&quot; width=&quot;536&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Kopyaladığımız bu konumu Proteus ISIS programında ki Arduino kartımızın içine gömüyoruz. Bunun için Arduino kartınıza çift tıklayıp gelen ekranda resimde gösterilen alana kopyaladığınız .hex dosyasının konumunu yapıştırmanız yeterlidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEN5RfcRgW2yMCTyYyAc3oVQilTUSxVpXEQxvBTJASi3Zf7zb5ToBx4YsJkv8Wv5BvJTuS47kI4Sems475CoSMQ1lqm74vu84vLoLAF-cpgHyou_UKCqqLQrjV-uz2nTaUUDhyphenhyphen9hrT_R8/s1600/ardprts7.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;223&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEN5RfcRgW2yMCTyYyAc3oVQilTUSxVpXEQxvBTJASi3Zf7zb5ToBx4YsJkv8Wv5BvJTuS47kI4Sems475CoSMQ1lqm74vu84vLoLAF-cpgHyou_UKCqqLQrjV-uz2nTaUUDhyphenhyphen9hrT_R8/s400/ardprts7.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Simülasyon programında artık bir led yakıp söndürdünüz, isterseniz bir motor sürebilir ve ya LCD çalıştırabilirsiniz.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Dosyalar(proteus+hex dosyası)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByEegV6wbxiTYktWUTh2Um15cHc/view?usp=sharing&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/8914010545849042643/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/8914010545849042643?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/8914010545849042643'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/8914010545849042643'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2017/05/proteusta-arduino-nasl-calstrlr.html' title='Proteusta arduino nasıl çalıştırılır?'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrECeUpo02L794HIxkH2sMB7jnw41fOF5TIcNNAPwdnjcmu7TM5s9_Zhs9CHzTikOpbnavRd9OVmv2Z26ACauDqNRqZkrLes-gypfHpXA1mbcTs4XCp6u6StpNkPX6YY97LJId9qv2BOU/s72-c/ardprts2.PNG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-2613016353436757741</id><published>2016-11-15T22:15:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2016-11-15T22:15:08.100-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Arşiv</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
devre arşivleri&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://yadi.sk/d/3SHWnFohMqXWd&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;41&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-BWFId3rFKmCIhjL2xJnSEVCwHbAcSNdOQXj3oVpvuPcqo_ZJ5VdeOwkvmB9v6z1tmHK6gzdEDIwEUpYN3sghTLpNJXLUkR1eaTBa_dRapipVzNNP89vzZTDsg2LhBoSv4SdxH245ubA/s200/Download-1.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/2613016353436757741/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/2613016353436757741?isPopup=true' title='1 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2613016353436757741'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2613016353436757741'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2016/11/arsiv.html' title='Arşiv'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-BWFId3rFKmCIhjL2xJnSEVCwHbAcSNdOQXj3oVpvuPcqo_ZJ5VdeOwkvmB9v6z1tmHK6gzdEDIwEUpYN3sghTLpNJXLUkR1eaTBa_dRapipVzNNP89vzZTDsg2LhBoSv4SdxH245ubA/s72-c/Download-1.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-3063707195214864746</id><published>2016-10-12T02:55:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2016-10-12T02:55:18.573-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Temel Elektronik ve aduino eğitimi</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Kitabı indirmek için tıklayın&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByEegV6wbxiTQXRLLTR5NkNfQlU/view?usp=sharing&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd-ZPwVXm9Rdz2xYL_J5-pjS4OZMz1CF3b043IgmhsJ8rOKdfxL8Dd7QWi8TiC5CHy9OqhaYmwmUPQkQOAtplWN20RGfWNXlti1f24O6OcKKuppuvUPSra1ENbH8z598MbMOXAgfMJ2Ps/s200/indir.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/3063707195214864746/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/3063707195214864746?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/3063707195214864746'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/3063707195214864746'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2016/10/temel-elektronik-ve-aduino-egitimi.html' title='Temel Elektronik ve aduino eğitimi'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibppDQaMonvZO2rdbCNqEIz0Ci0k_KYzawYUZtHsSH9BB0Z45X99zx6WBELtK6x9CRFNfWfhxIbbuaYMRJz_rbygWpk8Qn6oeOPXwKki3m3QuQUM1orvhptL_r7sW8bk0Jsbj6PSLuZUo/s72-c/deaabce8-c940-4e42-8145-a04900d6c489.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-166422259365849860</id><published>2016-10-05T02:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-10-05T02:08:34.247-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Baskı Devre çıkarma -pratik</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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perhidrol asit karımına&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/166422259365849860/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/166422259365849860?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/166422259365849860'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/166422259365849860'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2016/10/bask-devre-ckarma-pratik.html' title='Baskı Devre çıkarma -pratik'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidkQnhx12bELyBF0SBU97f328v_vJ2OnUhv1knN0LPjR0WmP-ORG4WhAN9AX4uv37mPqxSyxs9w58prACZZjSB49GqGptLIuNGUY97BE5YQw-LbgraTIiniUEcr5aSw5Qdcr-HYh-Yb4c/s72-c/FVL8Z1RITKLM52D.MEDIUM.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-2641419498742578862</id><published>2016-02-06T06:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2016-02-06T06:21:02.918-08:00</updated><title type='text'>İsis Usb step motor kontrol devreleri</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
PIC18F4550 USB UZAKTAN KONTROL&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Aşağıda vereceğim uygulama internet üzerinden evinizdeki ya da başka bir yerdeki Server makineye bağlanıp USB portlardan birine bağlı Cihaz ile evinizdeki herhangi bir aygıtı kontrol etmenizi sağlıyor. Önceden indirdiğiniz&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;USB Paket&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;içindeki&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ADIM ADIM USB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;makalesinde Ana devre şeması verilmişti. Bu devreye aşağıda vermiş olduğum devreyi ilave etmeniz yeterli.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Bu program’ı ilk çalıştırdığınızda eğer&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;USB&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Cihaz PC’nize bağlı değilse, program bağlantı için hiç bir yapılandırma yapmaz ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;USB&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Cihaz’ın bağlanmasını dinlemeye başlar. USB Cihaz PC’ye takıldığı anda Server program bunu algılar ve USB Cihaz ile arasında bağlantı açar.Aynı zamanda program soket bağlantısınıda yapılandırır ve 8090 numaralı portu dinlemeye alır. Bir bağlantı geldiği zaman bunu kabul eder ve bağlantı sağlanan&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Client&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;programdan komut beklemeye başlar. Normalde Server ve Client arasında 4 byte veri taşınır. Bu dört byte’daki komut yapısı aşağıdaki gibi düşünülmüştür;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Ayrıca indirecveğiniz klasörde şu devreler mevcut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZHcCyjv-yuvb1NPCQh0Hs_vMbFTGmYLfMS_W9YVTt9aPfLruBwzHndtA47Q8IR7n0CRnzR1xclOTsnNWlIkhGQ7jND0B29QmgB7HadmVPSSVZxs8-IUs4bSB9gS-KvOwMHh0dX7hhbYM/s1600/PIC18f2550-Usb-ADC-uygulamasi.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-pinit=&quot;registered&quot; height=&quot;280&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZHcCyjv-yuvb1NPCQh0Hs_vMbFTGmYLfMS_W9YVTt9aPfLruBwzHndtA47Q8IR7n0CRnzR1xclOTsnNWlIkhGQ7jND0B29QmgB7HadmVPSSVZxs8-IUs4bSB9gS-KvOwMHh0dX7hhbYM/s400/PIC18f2550-Usb-ADC-uygulamasi.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn9lYtEAgMr8L5MQYwxB_8BAGmpUb0xejgFtaRJJfK1DuEdhbF6J22DDca1n5CseOpQdHjyKrXaPOyTrqSO3eGJJhyMqZd-tvGUI7eqNBISDWLg77eOn09-9AErD1IGoOh08qzh7pMaF4/s1600/PIC18f2550-Usb-Step-Motor-Uygulamasi.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-pinit=&quot;registered&quot; height=&quot;255&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn9lYtEAgMr8L5MQYwxB_8BAGmpUb0xejgFtaRJJfK1DuEdhbF6J22DDca1n5CseOpQdHjyKrXaPOyTrqSO3eGJJhyMqZd-tvGUI7eqNBISDWLg77eOn09-9AErD1IGoOh08qzh7pMaF4/s400/PIC18f2550-Usb-Step-Motor-Uygulamasi.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Alternatif&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dropbox.com/s/t3bp2ofydbf3lbb/usb-uygulamalari-ccs-pic18f4550-pic18f2550.rar&quot;&gt;Link1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://yadi.sk/d/h4AaBHiz14l7q&quot;&gt;Link2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/2641419498742578862/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/2641419498742578862?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2641419498742578862'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2641419498742578862'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2016/02/isis-usb-step-motor-kontrol-devreleri.html' title='İsis Usb step motor kontrol devreleri'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqV9sT_HyY-BpTOOLkJI9wMxcZHjwkzuQVvnf1KbgmC_mEU6bH_BRj2uSoCDSGKhh3917hfkqsQ28SjhO9d-W_ca8n8dnx7q2fbnNk1RYD88uTXMvhsInNPOZOYITyI9dXmQf4yY61QGI/s72-c/pic18f4550-test-devresi.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-7418052938835152595</id><published>2016-02-06T05:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2016-02-06T06:03:19.914-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Areste sitep motor çalışma prensibini anlamak</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #514721; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGqFzlB9zjmYrfWLAKhZroLPMvydgF_2WQFg0jmIKZExX3aMC2FHBQx9LtRsgV8LYNf-oPl6akOM15pedijBC1oKsj6C50_j2rQuJEDzboa7Do3IkWTlhEgSkU9HpvKMiPjdYIZrP-E_0/s1600/Stepper-motor-Control.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-pinit=&quot;registered&quot; height=&quot;104&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGqFzlB9zjmYrfWLAKhZroLPMvydgF_2WQFg0jmIKZExX3aMC2FHBQx9LtRsgV8LYNf-oPl6akOM15pedijBC1oKsj6C50_j2rQuJEDzboa7Do3IkWTlhEgSkU9HpvKMiPjdYIZrP-E_0/s320/Stepper-motor-Control.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bugünün konusu step motor kontrolü ile ilgili.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Adım motorları genellikle iki tiptir ve bu ikisi arasındaki ana fark, bunları kontrol etmek için kullanılan tel sayısı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Çoğunlukla step motorlar onları kontrol etmek için 6 telli kullanmak ama &amp;nbsp;onları kontrol etmek için 4 telli olanları var.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bugün 6 kablolu step motor üzerinde bir göz atacağız.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #514721; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #514721; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Step motor, biz voltaj çıkardığınızda biz onlara gerilim kaynağı zaman polarize ve depolarize olur .&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu elektromıknatıslar bir stator olarak hareket ve bir tarafa doğru rotor çeker &amp;nbsp;motor hareket başlar &amp;nbsp;o zaman diğer tarafı mıknatıslayarak hareket sürekliliği sağlanır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #514721; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #514721; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Aşağıda bu bölünmüş var olan parçalardır&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Proteus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;öğretici adımlarına göz atacağız.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #514721; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px 20px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: url(&amp;quot;http://www.theengineeringprojects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/265.gif&amp;quot;) 0px 4px no-repeat scroll transparent; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.8em 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu devre sadece amaçları anlamak içindir. S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;tator mıknatıslamak motor rotor &amp;nbsp;stator doğru çekmek ve hareket başlayacaktır&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: url(&amp;quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdO6XCu45ylH_zOELZ5JKfhA_FDgYm2JwGb2yGPPZlxJF63j62uA1YvrLRUb-T727BdrXrq9Kh9unoup8M-OOq0W8is3lBxppzpQvGDqn_NSbJwiaz5koAl1ur8kFeR0PMdPcU47fZCFQ/s400/261.gif&amp;quot;) 0px 4px no-repeat scroll transparent; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.8em 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Görüntülerin aşağıdaki seride, motorun saat hareketi göstermiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px 20px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: url(&amp;quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdO6XCu45ylH_zOELZ5JKfhA_FDgYm2JwGb2yGPPZlxJF63j62uA1YvrLRUb-T727BdrXrq9Kh9unoup8M-OOq0W8is3lBxppzpQvGDqn_NSbJwiaz5koAl1ur8kFeR0PMdPcU47fZCFQ/s400/261.gif&amp;quot;) 0px 4px no-repeat scroll transparent; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.8em 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;goog-text-highlight&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #c9d7f1; box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 170) 2px 2px 4px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;&quot;&gt;Her şeyden önce, aşağıda iki bileşeni &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;goog-text-highlight&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #c9d7f1; box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 170) 2px 2px 4px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;&quot;&gt;Proteus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;goog-text-highlight&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #c9d7f1; box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 170) 2px 2px 4px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;çalışma alanında kütüphaneden ekleyin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4MygKxmGHPfyZTYqLqNx8WFFGEhmLeBCwZ3PcsRt9GL5YU5_TKQhYAzI7nEGphk7WH1vKvOo0fdhkACobBWC4E-Ea_l-SAfGE96E2NbI3A8usOzNA9Onsf-gOAj9j8AtmoKIoqaltY0w/s1600/Stepper-motor-Control.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-pinit=&quot;registered&quot; height=&quot;130&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4MygKxmGHPfyZTYqLqNx8WFFGEhmLeBCwZ3PcsRt9GL5YU5_TKQhYAzI7nEGphk7WH1vKvOo0fdhkACobBWC4E-Ea_l-SAfGE96E2NbI3A8usOzNA9Onsf-gOAj9j8AtmoKIoqaltY0w/s400/Stepper-motor-Control.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4CL51LyLqheH8vvfqtpUlFri4Ok2twoALCACA5_0-IHM2Zc3lDvFBVK0D-LRNjgLn7Dtee8Iu8XR4Q7LXIdl-ZQV4MK5xwm3ZNP4Qk-prTC70tediYlwB_3msi4zBI5jum9x3aBSIZVA/s1600/5.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-pinit=&quot;registered&quot; height=&quot;154&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4CL51LyLqheH8vvfqtpUlFri4Ok2twoALCACA5_0-IHM2Zc3lDvFBVK0D-LRNjgLn7Dtee8Iu8XR4Q7LXIdl-ZQV4MK5xwm3ZNP4Qk-prTC70tediYlwB_3msi4zBI5jum9x3aBSIZVA/s400/5.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #514721; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px 20px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: url(&amp;quot;http://www.theengineeringprojects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/265.gif&amp;quot;) 0px 4px no-repeat scroll transparent; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.8em 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Eğer görüntü yukarıdaki dizisinden gördüğünüz gibi ben saat yönünde voltaj ediyorum Şimdi, motor saat yönünde hareket ediyor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: url(&amp;quot;http://www.theengineeringprojects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/265.gif&amp;quot;) 0px 4px no-repeat scroll transparent; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.8em 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ben uygulanan gerilim sırasını tersine çevirmek Şimdi, eğer motorun aynı zamanda yönünü tersine çevirmek ve saat yönünün tersi yönde hareket edecektir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: url(&amp;quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdO6XCu45ylH_zOELZ5JKfhA_FDgYm2JwGb2yGPPZlxJF63j62uA1YvrLRUb-T727BdrXrq9Kh9unoup8M-OOq0W8is3lBxppzpQvGDqn_NSbJwiaz5koAl1ur8kFeR0PMdPcU47fZCFQ/s400/261.gif&amp;quot;) 0px 4px no-repeat scroll transparent; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.8em 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Motorun hızı bu sıralı gerilimlerin hızına bağlı olacaktır.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Eğer gecikme ile bu gerilimleri uygulamak, motor yavaş hareket edecek ve onları hızlı ve sürekli motorun oldukça hızlı yani devir artacak&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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Kaynak:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2013/06/stepper-motor-drive-circuit-in-proteus-isis.html&quot;&gt;http://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2013/06/stepper-motor-drive-circuit-in-proteus-isis.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/7418052938835152595/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/7418052938835152595?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/7418052938835152595'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/7418052938835152595'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2016/02/areste-sitep-motor-calsma-prensibini.html' title='Areste sitep motor çalışma prensibini anlamak'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGqFzlB9zjmYrfWLAKhZroLPMvydgF_2WQFg0jmIKZExX3aMC2FHBQx9LtRsgV8LYNf-oPl6akOM15pedijBC1oKsj6C50_j2rQuJEDzboa7Do3IkWTlhEgSkU9HpvKMiPjdYIZrP-E_0/s72-c/Stepper-motor-Control.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-6111677682154855624</id><published>2016-02-06T02:58:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2016-02-06T02:58:59.103-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Areste baskı devre çıkarma</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;lato&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30.6px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ2NGIO_kQUNdgtV6BdjNxPGBq1H5kL6UVdv0IFpzOt4nyF7SwIhll8o-8ggji7d0QZsvckBmWJe75z1spGAtpe5GzV1vJIiYJXc63AfFu2qDFa1t3Li-xiHOxeomR89F_mBOGOFlst1U/s1600/0.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-pinit=&quot;registered&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ2NGIO_kQUNdgtV6BdjNxPGBq1H5kL6UVdv0IFpzOt4nyF7SwIhll8o-8ggji7d0QZsvckBmWJe75z1spGAtpe5GzV1vJIiYJXc63AfFu2qDFa1t3Li-xiHOxeomR89F_mBOGOFlst1U/s320/0.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;lato&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30.6px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;lato&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30.6px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;lato&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30.6px;&quot;&gt;ARES üzerinden anlatayım, tabi çıktı alacaksınız ama neyin üzerine, nasıl bir yazıcıyla? Bir abimden öğrendiğime göre elektronikçilerde satılan PCB kağıdına gerek yok, kuşe kağıda yani herhangi bir dergi sayfasına (beyaz kısımlara denk getirirseniz daha iyi olur) tonerli yazıcıdan çıktıyı alacaksınız. “Print” kısmına geldiğinizde seçeneklerin içinde sadece “Top Copper” seçeneği işaretli olsun ve “Mirror” işaretlenmiş olsun. Bu kısım önemli çünkü bunlar seçili değilse istediğiniz tasarımdan tamamen farklı yollarla karşılaşırsınız. Bakır plaketi proje büyüklüğünce kesin. Bakırlı kısım çıktısını aldığınız projenin tam üstüne gelecek şekilde yerleştirip kuşe kağıdın kenarlarını üstüne kıvırın ütüleyeceksiniz çünkü yerinden oynamasın. İyice ütüleyin, sonra büktüğünüz kısımları yırtıp çöpe atın, bakır yüzeyin üstündeki kuşe parçası ve kestiğiniz plaket kalsın. O şekilde bir kap suyun içine atın, atın ki yüzeye yapışan yüzeyi çıkartırken rahat olsun. Yoksa direkt çekildiğinde yolların çıkmama şansı yüksek. 10 dakika felan dursa yeter. Kağıt parçasını çıkarttığınız gibi inceleyin çıkmamış yol varsa cd kalemiyle geçin üzerinden, sonra başka bir kaba koyun onun üstüne tuz ruhu gelecek projenin üstünü kapatacak kadar. Üçe bir oran diyorlar ama ben perhidrolü göz kararı azar azar ekliyorum. Bakırla tepkimeye giriyor. Mürekkepsiz kısımdaki bakırların gittiğine emin olduğunuzda alın kartı. Koklayım demeyim çok fena yapıyor adamı ellemeyin uzak durun hatta olabildiğince, o tepkimeye girer. Kabı boşaltıp kartı alın, yıkayın hatta. Üstünün mürekkebini selülozik tinerle veya sünger zımparayla alın. Malzemeleri yerleştirmeye başlayabilirsiniz. Ben ilk olarak kare pic’imi sıcak havayla yerleştirmeyle başladım. ufak parçalardan büyük parçalara doğru gitmekte fayda var. Bu kısım biraz el becerisi istiyor, ama deneye deneye alışılıyor tabiki. Uğraşıp öğrenilemeyecek bir şey yok. Lehimlerken kısa devre yapmadıysanız kartınızın programlanabilir olması lazım. İnternette sürüsüyle kod örneği var. Kendiniz de düşünüp çıkarabilirsiniz.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;lato&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30.6px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;lato&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30.6px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;lato&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30.6px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/p6i9EQfB6TU&quot; width=&quot;420&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;lato&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30.6px;&quot;&gt;Kaynak:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;lato&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 30.6px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://beratmeral.wordpress.com/2013/07/20/pic16f877a-44-pin-tqfp-gelistirme-karti-projesi-bakir-plakete/&quot;&gt;https://beratmeral.wordpress.com/2013/07/20/pic16f877a-44-pin-tqfp-gelistirme-karti-projesi-bakir-plakete/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/6111677682154855624/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/6111677682154855624?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/6111677682154855624'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/6111677682154855624'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2016/02/areste-bask-devre-ckarma.html' title='Areste baskı devre çıkarma'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ2NGIO_kQUNdgtV6BdjNxPGBq1H5kL6UVdv0IFpzOt4nyF7SwIhll8o-8ggji7d0QZsvckBmWJe75z1spGAtpe5GzV1vJIiYJXc63AfFu2qDFa1t3Li-xiHOxeomR89F_mBOGOFlst1U/s72-c/0.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-2895628853343468876</id><published>2016-02-02T11:40:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2016-02-02T11:41:50.552-08:00</updated><title type='text'>LM3909 FLİP FLOP</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq7VYibdktar_B5nCbsn9CbWUuWEV8QRMaxWSc4rzWfBjAbpekpavWjXcpUChw4mftjn6XlbtBySoZfiC0g8-ny7Zt3vPQIIhFPn-LUhI60Mr_D3B7Ubf97Io6UbdpSgsdIgk5b1Pia5I/s1600/lm3909-filp-flop.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;566&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq7VYibdktar_B5nCbsn9CbWUuWEV8QRMaxWSc4rzWfBjAbpekpavWjXcpUChw4mftjn6XlbtBySoZfiC0g8-ny7Zt3vPQIIhFPn-LUhI60Mr_D3B7Ubf97Io6UbdpSgsdIgk5b1Pia5I/s640/lm3909-filp-flop.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Oldukca basit :) bir LM3909 led ve kondansatör besleme voltajı 1.5 volt yüksek voltajlar ile çalıştırabilirsiniz (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jaycar.com.au/images_uploaded/LM3909.PDF&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; color: #0066cc; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s linear; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;datasheet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dosyasını inceleyiniz) devrede kondansatör değeri 220uf 470uf arası olabilirledin yanıp sönme hızını kondansatör değeri ile ayarlaya bilirsiniz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Kaynak:&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/basit-devreler/&quot;&gt;http://320volt.com/basit-devreler/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/2895628853343468876/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/2895628853343468876?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2895628853343468876'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2895628853343468876'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2016/02/lm3909-flip-flop.html' title='LM3909 FLİP FLOP'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq7VYibdktar_B5nCbsn9CbWUuWEV8QRMaxWSc4rzWfBjAbpekpavWjXcpUChw4mftjn6XlbtBySoZfiC0g8-ny7Zt3vPQIIhFPn-LUhI60Mr_D3B7Ubf97Io6UbdpSgsdIgk5b1Pia5I/s72-c/lm3909-filp-flop.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-546961854263052605</id><published>2016-02-02T11:30:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2016-02-16T07:13:27.761-08:00</updated><title type='text'>TRANSİSTÖRLÜ FLİP FİLOP</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;İki adet BC547 ile gerçekleştirilmiş 150k direnç ve 10uf kondansatörlerin değerlerini değiştirerek hızı ayarlayabilirsiniz ledleri seri bağlayarak led sayısını arttırabilirsiniz 1 k direnclerin değerlerini besleme voltajı ile orantılı değiştirmelisiniz yada iptal edebilirsiniz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;Dosylar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByEegV6wbxiTM2dDelNTN0tjYmc/view?usp=sharing&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-pinit=&quot;registered&quot; height=&quot;50&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3tVGqZNYiQaWNV4AqZraX8wBB98-GaEWs0VziLloQmX9JuJvgcjPzJ2PDWVC3CIX6TssowDp8TPGcRu3beC5ahMhK_TQG8NeSC-pedEUBLD8OSDq6KoUBlbdkA6-7-ZpmlJaGl6MHJh8/s200/pdflogo.png&quot; width=&quot;50&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Ares ve isis dosyaları (v7.7 release sp2)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 5px; line-height: 7px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByEegV6wbxiTN0ZNM1BWbTJ1RDg&quot;&gt;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByEegV6wbxiTN0ZNM1BWbTJ1RDg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByEegV6wbxiTQUZqNnduNFlXWHc&quot;&gt;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByEegV6wbxiTQUZqNnduNFlXWHc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByEegV6wbxiTc01oT1p1MG1rYk0&quot;&gt;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByEegV6wbxiTc01oT1p1MG1rYk0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;segoe ui&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;liberation sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;nimbus sans l&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/546961854263052605/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/546961854263052605?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/546961854263052605'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/546961854263052605'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2016/02/transistorlu-flip-filop.html' title='TRANSİSTÖRLÜ FLİP FİLOP'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQwhgt9nl09ayp6CxDU_gJA4JVm5kVt7HBWVAnBlcRolfe6AGjbrQSYCzGKMU5sqJVsGM8qiv3IanpaSLjGPj_aB4cTF_5y7XBIOMlQPsm9hBRB8GqIzjtyzZ30Pb_CN1aak2dZg2irlY/s72-c/output_B4kwd5.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-2719069001899104891</id><published>2016-02-02T11:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2016-02-02T11:26:34.625-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Multimetre Kullanımı ve ölçme</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;header style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;h1 class=&quot;title single-title entry-title&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; clear: both; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: inherit; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: 24px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.4;&quot;&gt;ÖLÇÜ ALETLERİ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;/header&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post-single-content&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Elektriksel büyüklükleri ölçmek için kullanılan cihazlara&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“Elektriksel Ölçü Aletleri”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;denir. Akım ölçen&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“Ampermetre”&lt;/strong&gt;, gerilim ölçen&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“Voltmetre”&lt;/strong&gt;, güç ölçen&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“Wattmetre”&lt;/strong&gt;, enerji ölçen&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“Sayaç”&lt;/strong&gt;en çok kullanılan elektriksel ölçü aletleridir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDbECL6cGJpU92dGJTxtf_MTyNerpkzfCLWqBjl_Wc0BTp09Shpy1auoScazYRqNqO0boLGXjgDWW9yrqLqWIrzIGly5ruwMN-5HvEaBRD0_la4XcoLlt-l6175NVr6V90RLc9s5VNlsM/s1600/olcu-aletleri.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;338&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDbECL6cGJpU92dGJTxtf_MTyNerpkzfCLWqBjl_Wc0BTp09Shpy1auoScazYRqNqO0boLGXjgDWW9yrqLqWIrzIGly5ruwMN-5HvEaBRD0_la4XcoLlt-l6175NVr6V90RLc9s5VNlsM/s640/olcu-aletleri.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu cihazlar, prensip olarak, analog (elektromekanik veya elektronik; gösterimi ibre, mekanik rakam, cetvel vb ile yapan), dijital (dijital devreler, elektronik dijital/sayısal göstergeli cihazlar, bilgisayar ortamı) ya da analog+dijital (karma) yapıda çalışabilirler.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
AKIM ÖLÇÜMÜ:&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Bilindiği üzere akım bir devre parçasından birim zamanda geçen yük miktarı olduğundan (iç değişken), akımın ölçülebilmesi için akımın geçtiği hat üzerine bir ölçü aleti koymak gerekir. Akım ölçen aletler&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Ampermetre&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak adlandırılır. Ampermetrenin devreden geçen akıma etki etmemesi için çok küçük iç dirençli olarak imal edilirler.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjixIjoLjwyTetrYNsUsSWgDt6ajpPMcXwZRpfEWfEBC8IfRXZIB7Mb0Z_OK9RKHgTJLWgte8cP2WMzYSRUZr5a7G8w29C8SBs56Y82L3AKz0AqeuHJ0yZvWqpI7ikAUnzRdP3vQtXuQw8/s1600/akim-olcumu.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjixIjoLjwyTetrYNsUsSWgDt6ajpPMcXwZRpfEWfEBC8IfRXZIB7Mb0Z_OK9RKHgTJLWgte8cP2WMzYSRUZr5a7G8w29C8SBs56Y82L3AKz0AqeuHJ0yZvWqpI7ikAUnzRdP3vQtXuQw8/s640/akim-olcumu.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Dolayısı ile, akım ölçmek için ampermetreyi, akımı ölçülecek devreye&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;seri olarak bağlamak&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;gerekir. Bu nedenle ampermetrenin, devreye elektrik enerjisi uygulanmadan önce bağlanması gerekir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;bilgi&quot; style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Alternetif akım ve doğru akım için farklı yapıdaki&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ampermetreler&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kullanılmaktadır. Yanlış kullanım, hatalı yada sıfır değer olarak sonuç verir. Alternatif akım ölçen ampermetreler üzerinde ~ simgesi, doğru akım ölçenlerde ise — simgesi konulmuştur.&lt;/div&gt;
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GERİLİM ÖLÇÜMÜ:&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Gerilim; elektrikle enerjilenmiş iki devre noktası arasındaki potansiyel farkı olarak tanımlanırsa, ölçülecek olan büyüklük bir uç değişkendir. Dolayısı ile bir devre elemanı üzerine düşen gerilimin ölçülebilmesi için, eleman uçlarına paralel olarak bir ölçü aleti bağlamak gerekir. Gerilim ölçen aletler&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Voltmetre&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak adlandırılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQGSUb_dzreP0nRaCVkE-HkUgBq2puOKPUablmrBGBMzlAzK-xAf5ex2kmMT6pvECkRiZ0c9DmbinL4_mZF84-x-4p7jF12Bdu9-5CevFdRi7aY5L8ckxHkZVTZLzEH6ZBqD4o0BaSh6M/s1600/gerilim-olcumu.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;436&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQGSUb_dzreP0nRaCVkE-HkUgBq2puOKPUablmrBGBMzlAzK-xAf5ex2kmMT6pvECkRiZ0c9DmbinL4_mZF84-x-4p7jF12Bdu9-5CevFdRi7aY5L8ckxHkZVTZLzEH6ZBqD4o0BaSh6M/s640/gerilim-olcumu.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Özetle, Voltmetre gerilimi ölçülecek elemanın uçlarına&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;paralel&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak bağlanır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;bilgi&quot; style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Alternetif akım ve doğru akım için farklı yapıdaki voltmetreler kullanılmaktadır. Yanlış kullanım, hatalı yada sıfır değer olarak sonuç verir. Alternatif akım ölçen voltmetreler üzerinde ~ simgesi, doğru akım ölçenlerde ise – simgesi konulmuştur.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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GÜÇ ÖLÇÜMÜ:&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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Güç ölçümü, diğer ölçmelerden biraz daha karışıktır. Zira hatırlanırsa&lt;/div&gt;
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Güç=Akım x Gerilim idi.&lt;/div&gt;
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Yani gücü ölçecek ölçü aletinin, akım ile gerilimin çarpımına ilişkin sonucu göstermesi gerekir. Güç ölçen aletler Wattmetre olarak adlandırılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Wattmetrenin; iç değişken olan akımı ölçmek için iki terminali ve, uç değişken olan gerilimi ölçmek için de iki terminali olmak üzere, toplam 4 ucu bulunur. Akım uçları (I, I’) ve gerilim uçları ise (U, U’) harfleri ile etiketlenmiştir. Yapısı gereği, ölçülen değişkenlerin çarpımına ilişkin sonucu analog yada dijital olarak gösterir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Wattmetrelerin de, doğru akım ve alternatif akım için tasarlanmış farklı yapılar mevcuttur.&lt;/div&gt;
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ÇOKLU ÖLÇERLER:&lt;/h3&gt;
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Elektrik devrelerindeki büyüklüklerin ölçümü ve ayrıca devre elemanlarının testi için, çok çeşitli ölçü aletleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu ölçü aletlerine&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;AVOMETRE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;( Amper-Volt-Ohm metrenin kısaltılmışı) veya&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;MULTİMETRE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;denmektedir. Bu ölçü aletleri, modeline bağlı olarak doğru ve alternatif olarak akım, gerilim, direnç ve frekans gibi değişkenleri ölçebilmekte ve tranzistör, kondansatör, süreklilik testi gibi testleri yapabilmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Multimetrelerin; kademeleri el ile seçilen veya otomatik kademe seçimi yapan tipleri mevcuttur. Multimetreler ile ölçüm yaparken önce ölçülecek büyüklük seçilir. Örneğin; gerilim ölçülecekse&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;V&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ile belirtilen Voltmetre konumu; akım ölçülecekse&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ile belirtilen Ampermetre konumu; direnç ölçülecekse&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;OHM&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;konumu gibi uygun seçim yapılmalıdır. Ardından, her büyüklük için çarpan yada üst ölçme sınırı seçilir (örneğin bir voltmetre için; x1, x10, x1000 yada 1V, 10V, 1000V gibi).&lt;/div&gt;
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BAŞLANGIÇ TEMEL BİLGİLER&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Evimizde bir çok cihazı duvarda bulunan prize takarak çalıştırıyoruz prizlerde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;220 volt AC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şebeke voltajı elektrik bulunmaktadır AC “Alternatif akım” saniyede 50 defa yön değiştirir (50Hz) iki uc arası bir + bir – olur&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;220 volt şebeke voltajı&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bu hali ile elektronik devrelerde kullanmak için uygun değildir voltajın düşürülüp DC doğru akıma çevrilmesi gerekir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Şebeke voltajını düşürmek için kullanılan en yaygın yöntem&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;transformatör, trafo&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;kullanmaktır (&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;diğer yöntemler hakkında açıklamalar daha sonra yapılacak&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) uygulama için kullanılacak…&lt;/div&gt;
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TRAFO NEDİR ?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Trafo&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ya da tam adı ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Transformatör&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;alternatif voltajı düşürmek ya da yükselmek için kullanılan bir elemandır tabiki çeşitleri var ama standart SAC trafolardan bahsedeceğim karkas, sac ve izolasyonlu bakır tel ile üretilirler promer giriş sargısıdır sekonder çıkış sargısıdır. Karkas dahil kullanılan tüm malzemenin kalitesi trafoyu etkiler güç arttıkca boyuru ve ağırlığı artar&lt;/div&gt;
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trafo için göz önüne alınacak özellikler trafo çıkış voltajı ve gücüdür. Gerilim düşüren transformatörlerin detaylarını inceleyelim&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;trafo-sac&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-949&quot; height=&quot;171&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/trafo-sac.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;trafo-sac&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Metal sac&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;bakır teller&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve tellerin sarılacağı plastik (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;karkas&lt;/em&gt;) = Trafo gücü arttıkca boyutu, ağırlıgı artar bağlantılarda 2 ana bölüm var&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; list-style: square; margin: 1.5em 0px 1.571em 1.9em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1 “&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Primer&lt;/em&gt;” 220 volt şebeke voltajının bağlandığı bölüm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2 “&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sekonder&lt;/em&gt;” Çıkış voltajının alındığı bölüm&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Aşağıda farklı güç ve voltajlarda trafolar görünmekte dışlarındaki sarı kasa montajı kolaylaştırıyor ek olarak bir kaç faydası daha var (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;soğutma, gürültü vb.&lt;/em&gt;) Fakat kasası olmayan trafolarda yaygın olarak kullanılır o kadar önemli değildir kasa tabi ki kritik uygulamalar dışında&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;sac-trafo-kasali&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-946&quot; height=&quot;375&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/sac-trafo-kasali.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;sac-trafo-kasali&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kasası sökülmüş hali&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;sacli-trafo-kasasi-sokulmus&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-947&quot; height=&quot;375&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/sacli-trafo-kasasi-sokulmus.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;sacli-trafo-kasasi-sokulmus&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Diğerleri&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;l-metal-yuzey-montaj-trafo&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-948&quot; height=&quot;375&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/l-metal-yuzey-montaj-trafo.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;l-metal-yuzey-montaj-trafo&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Yukarıdaki resimde görünenler büyük olan&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“L”&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;şeklindeki metaller ile montajı yapılabilen küçük olan ise direkt pcb bord üzerine dik şekilde monte edilip lehimlenebilen şekilde gördüğünüz gibi farklı şekillerde farklı bağlantı uçları ile bol çeşit bulunmakta&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Devre şemalarındaki sembolleri&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;transformator-trafo-sembolleri&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-950&quot; height=&quot;179&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/transformator-trafo-sembolleri.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;transformator-trafo-sembolleri&quot; width=&quot;410&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Elektronik devre şemaları üzerinde çıkış bölümü elektronik mazeme bağlantılarına (doğrultucu,filtre vb.) gittiği için giriş çıkış kolayca fark edilir&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Genelde standart olarak trafoların üzerinde giriş (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;primer&lt;/em&gt;) ve çıkış uçları (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;sekonder&lt;/em&gt;) belli edilir direkt trafo üzerinde yazar ya da kablo renkleri kalınlıkları farklı olur&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Dikkat :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Şebeke voltajını yanlışlıkla sekonder (çıkış) sargısına bağlarsanız trafonuz zarar görür gerilim düşüren transformatörlerde sekonder sargısı primere (giriş) göre sipir (sarım) sayısı azdır direnci düşüktür&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Diyelim ki yüzey montajlı bir trafonuz var ya da giriş ve çıkış kablolarından çözemiyorsunuz ölçü aleti (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;multi metre&lt;/em&gt;) ile bağlantı uçlarını bulabilirsiniz ölçü aletinde kademe en küçük direnç değeri ölçülecek konuma alınır (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;200 ohm&lt;/em&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;primer&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;giriş&lt;/em&gt;) sargısı çok sayıda olduğu için&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;sekondere&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;çıkış&lt;/em&gt;) göre daha yüksek omaj gösterir ayrıca giriş sargısı ince çıkış sargısı kalın olur fakat çıkışı çok düşük güçte olan trafolarda tel kalınlığından fark etmek zor olabilir güç düşük olduğı için çıkış sagısında kullanılan tel ince kullanılır en iyisi ölçüm yapmak&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Not :&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Trafo ölçümünde probların yönü rengi önemli değildir&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;multimetre-primer-yuksek-omaj&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-989&quot; height=&quot;458&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/multimetre-primer-yuksek-omaj.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;multimetre-primer-yuksek-omaj&quot; width=&quot;435&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;multimetre-sekonder-dusuk-omaj&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-990&quot; height=&quot;458&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/multimetre-sekonder-dusuk-omaj.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;multimetre-sekonder-dusuk-omaj&quot; width=&quot;448&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ayrıca kritik değerler dışında bir çok trafonun sargılarında kullanılan tel kalınlıkları giriş ve çıkışı belirlemenizde yardımcı olur primer de kullanılan tel incedir sekonder ise daha kalın tel ile sarılır&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Aşağıda sargılar arasındaki tel kalınlık farkları görünmekte&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;sekonder-primer-tel-kalinliklari&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-982&quot; height=&quot;375&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/sekonder-primer-tel-kalinliklari.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;sekonder-primer-tel-kalinliklari&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Şimdi bir besleme devresi ile trafo seçimi trafodan çıkan AC gerilimin doğrultulmasını diyot çalışması hakkında örnekler ile anlamaya çalışalım köprü diyot ile DC gerileme çevirme yapacağız ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;7815 regülatör&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;entegresi ile regüle işlemi&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Örneğin&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;12 volt dc&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ile çalışan ve&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 amper&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;güç harcayan bir devre yapacağız devre 12 volt ile çalıştığı için aklınıza trafo çıkışının 12 volt olması gerektiği gelebilir bu bir bakıma doğru bir bakıma yanlış.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Şimdi burada devremizin besleme ihtiyacına göre seçim yapıyoruz örnek mikro denetleyici kontrollü ya da fm alıcı, verici gibi uygulamalar için bir güç kaynağı yapacaksak regüleli temiz bir kaynak gerekir bu tip devreler hassastır bu durumda trafonun çıkışı AC 13..15 volt&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;olmamalı&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;sebebi ise regüle devresinin girişinin çıkıştan biraz yüksek olması gerekliliğidir bu sadece&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;78xx&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;serisi için değil tüm sabit çıkışlı regüle entegreleri için geçerlidir bu konuda bilgi sahibi olacağınız incelemeniz gereken ilk doküman üretici bilgileri&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;datasheet&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;dosyalarıdır&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #ff6600; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: green; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;üzerinde kompanent ismini yazdığınızda genelde ilk sayfada ilk sırada ilgili bilgilere ulaşabilirsiniz&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
ÖRNEK DC DOĞRULTMA DEVRESİ,ÖLÇÜMLER&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Örnek devre için 15v trafo temel alındı. Trafo çıkışında AC gerilim bulunmakta doğrultulduğunda DC gerilime çevirme işleminde neler oluyor görelim&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;ac-voltaj-koprudiyot-dogrultma&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-983&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/ac-voltaj-koprudiyot-dogrultma.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;ac-voltaj-koprudiyot-dogrultma&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Burada elektronik devre elemanı olan&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;diyod&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;sayesinde AC gerilim DC olarak çeviriliyor diyodun özelliği tek yönlü çalışmasıdır çizgili tarafından&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;gelirse diğer taraftan çıkar&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;gelir ise çıkamaz çizgisiz taraftan&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;gelirse diğer taraftan çıkar&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;gelirse çıkamaz burada en başa dönelim AC voltaj saniyede 50 defa bir + bir – oluyordu işte&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/diyotlar/&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #0066cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s linear; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;diyotlar&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;düzeni getiriyor bir yönden sabit olarak&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve – almamızı sağlıyor&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Daha anlaşılır olması için çizgili çizgisiz diyorum ama bilmeniz gerekli bu uçlar&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Anot&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(çizgisiz) ve&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Katot&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(çizgili&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Köprü diyod&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bağlantısında öyle bir bağlantı kurulmuş ki trafo çıkışındaki 50 saniyelik değişim olsa da + ve – sabit olarak tek yönden akıyor&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Kullanılacak diyot trafo çıkış voltajı ve devrenin çekeceği akıma göre seçilir çeşitli devreler için en yaygın kullanılan diyotlar 1N400X ve 1N540X serisidir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
1N400X diyotlarda X 1…7 arasıdır X yerine gelen rakam maksimum çalışma voltajını belirler güçleri ise sabit 1 amperdir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; list-style: square; margin: 1.5em 0px 1.571em 1.9em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N4001 50 volt (RMS gerçek 35v)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N4002 100 volt (RMS gerçek 70v)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N4003 200 volt (RMS gerçek 140v)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N4004 400 volt (RMS gerçek 280v)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N4005 600 volt (RMS gerçek 420v)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N4006 800 volt (RMS gerçek 560v)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N4007 1000 volt (RMS gerçek 700v)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
1N540X serisi yine aynı son rakam çalışma voltajını gösterir güçleri ise sabit 3 amper güç arttıkça boyutlar büyüyor 1n400x serine göre daha uzun ve tombul&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; list-style: square; margin: 1.5em 0px 1.571em 1.9em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N5400 50 Volt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N5401 100 Volt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N5402 200 Volt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N5403 300 Volt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N5404 400 Volt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N5405 500 Volt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N5406 600 Volt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N5407 800 Volt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1N5408 1000 Volt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;1n540x-1n400x-diyotlar&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-984&quot; height=&quot;375&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/1n540x-1n400x-diyotlar.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;1n540x-1n400x-diyotlar&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Resimde diyotların gerçek görünümleri ve devre şemalarındaki sembolleri görülmekte bu diyotlardan 4 adet kullanarak köprü diyot yapabiliriz ya da işimizi kolaylaştıran hazır köprü diyotlar kullanılabilir pcb hazırlarken,bağlantılarda daha pratiktir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Üzerlerindeki kodlara göre çalışma voltajları güçleri bulanabilir aşağıdaki resimde KBU808 800 volt 8 amper küçük olan GBL06 600 volt 4 amper büyük kare şeklinde olan 10 amper köprü diyotlarda bir çok çeşit var voltaj ve güçlerine göre seçim yapmalısınız&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kopru-diyot-cesitleri-kbu808-gbl06&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-985&quot; height=&quot;375&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/kopru-diyot-cesitleri-kbu808-gbl06.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kopru-diyot-cesitleri-kbu808-gbl06&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Çok değişik boyutları görünümleri olsada mantık aynı dört adet diyot&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kopru-diyot-ic-yapi&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-986&quot; height=&quot;456&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/kopru-diyot-ic-yapi.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kopru-diyot-ic-yapi&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Diyodların dijital multimetre ile ölçümü basittir 2 yönlü yapılır ölçü aletinde kademe diyot sembolüne getirilir bu kademe bir çok ölçü aletinde aynı zamanda kablo,bağlantı gibi testlerde kullanmak için ses (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;buzer&lt;/em&gt;) uyarısıda verir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Diyod Ölçümü 1 (&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;katot,anot arası&lt;/span&gt;) :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Kırmızı kablo çizgili uca siyah kablo ise diğer uca değdirilir&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;multimetrenin ekranında değer görünmemeli buzer ses vermemeli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Arıza :&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Eğer diyot kısa devre ise tiz bir ses gelir ya da tam kısa devre değilse sızdırıyorsa arızaya göre ekranda değişik değerler görünür&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;katot-anot-arasi-diyot-olcumu&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-993&quot; height=&quot;460&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/katot-anot-arasi-diyot-olcumu.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;katot-anot-arasi-diyot-olcumu&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Diyot Ölçümü 2 (&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;anot,katot arası&lt;/span&gt;) :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Probların yönü değişir kırmızı renkli prob anot ucuna siyah renkli prob ise katot ucuna değdirilir multimetre ekranında 580, 550,600 gibi rakamlar görünür.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Tam değer verilemez ölçü aletine göre diyotun çeşidine göre değişir verdiğim değerler bir çok devrede kullanılan 1N400X 1N540X serisi için ileride bu konuna değineceğim şimdilik gerek yok.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Arıza :&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Hiç değer görünmez,buzer ses verir,çok düşük değer görünür ise diyot arızalıdır&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;anot-katot-arasi-diyot-olcumu&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-994&quot; height=&quot;460&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/anot-katot-arasi-diyot-olcumu.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;anot-katot-arasi-diyot-olcumu&quot; width=&quot;492&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;diyot-olcumu-animasyon&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-10459&quot; height=&quot;458&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/diyot-olcumu-animasyon.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;diyot-olcumu-animasyon&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-4547&quot; height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/border-bolme.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Güncelleme 25 mayıs 2010&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Normal diyotların yanı sıra zener diyotlarda biraz daha yüksek değer görünür anlıyacağınız kullandığınız ölçü aletini tanımak için en iyisi sağlam malzemeler ile ölçüm yapmak her ölçü aleti farklı oluyor&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ayrıca bir ara beni çok uğraştıran bir konuyada değineyim düşük voltajlı (2.4v ya da daha altı) zener ölçümünde her iki yöndede değer görürseniz örneğin problar doğru konumda normal değer görünüyor tersinde ise düşük bir değer görünüyor diyotu değiştirince sorun devam ederse sorun ölçü aletinde olabilir 2 tane sıfır ölçü aletinde bu durum ile karşılaştım ilkinde çok uğraşmıştım&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Birde yüksek güçlü düşük voltajlı diyotlar var çok yüksek akım geçirdikleri için çalışma voltajları düşük olduğu için iç dirençleride düşük oluyor mesela pc güç kaynaklarındaki transistör tipi soğutucuya monte diyotlar bu diyotlarda&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
12 volt çıkışındaki diyotlar normal atx kaynaklarda 10amper 200 volt olur ölçümde 500….650 arası değer gösterirler ama 5volt çıkışındaki diyotlar farklıdır genelde 20,40 amper gücünde ve çalışma voltajlarıda 45 volt olur bunlar çok düşük değer gösterirler 150…180 arası işte bu durumda diyotun bozuk olduğu düşünülebilir ama bozuk değildir ben uygulamalar ile öğrendim bir ara çok uğraşmıştım siz şanslısınız :)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-4547&quot; height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/border-bolme.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
KONSATÖRLER FİLTRE ŞEMATİK SEMBOLLER&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Doğrultma sonrası filtre işlemi için kutuplu kondansatör kullanılır 1 amper için genelde kapasite değeri 1000uf güç kaynağına bağlanan yük (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;devre,led,lamba,vb.&lt;/em&gt;) ne kadar çok akım çeker ise filtre kondansatörün kapasite değeri arttırılır kapasite ne kadar yüksek olursa o kadar iyi 1 amper için 1000uf dedik 4700uf de olur 10000uf de düşük kapasite olmasın yeter kondansatör voltajı içinde aynı durum geçerli filtre için 1000uf 50v, 100v, 400v volt kullanılabilir kaynak DC gerilimden düşük olmasın yeter&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Kutuplu kondansatörlerin voltajı ve kapasitesi arttıkca boyutları büyür DC gerilimlerde kullanılırken&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;– uclar doğru bağlanmalıdır yoksa voltaja göre büyük patlamalar olur eksi (-) kutup dış kaplamada şerit çizgi ile gösterilir üreticiler çeşit çeşit renkler kullanmakta hepsinde durum aynıdır&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Not : Elektrolitik kondansatör görünümünde kutupsuz kondansatörlerde vardır&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kondansator-arti-eksi&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-998&quot; height=&quot;350&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/kondansator-arti-eksi.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kondansator-arti-eksi&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Kutuplu kondansatörlerin şematik sembolleri de çeşitli genelde kutuplar direkt yazmaz şekle göre anlaşılır&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kondansator-sematik-semboller&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-999&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/kondansator-sematik-semboller.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kondansator-sematik-semboller&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ek olarak filtreleme işleminin daha iyi olması için düşük kapasitede kutupsuz kondansatörler kullanılır&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve – arasına paralel bağlanır besleme devrelerinde en çok kullanılan değer 100nf&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Bağlantı uçlarında yön&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;– kutup yoktur ters bağlama sorunu olmaz çeşitleri boldur besleme devrelerinde sık kullanılanlar polyester mika seramik&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kutupsuz-kondansatorler&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1000&quot; height=&quot;220&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/kutupsuz-kondansatorler.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kutupsuz-kondansatorler&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Devre şemalarında ki sembolü tek çeşit&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kutupsuz-kondansator-sematik-sembol&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1001&quot; height=&quot;120&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/kutupsuz-kondansator-sematik-sembol.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kutupsuz-kondansator-sematik-sembol&quot; width=&quot;120&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Not: yazımın ikinci bölümünde kondansatörler hakkında ek bilgiler bulunuyor incelemenizde fayda var.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;border-bolme&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-4547&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/border-bolme.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;border-bolme&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Doğrultucunun&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;– çıkışlarına kutuplu ve kutupsuz kondansatörleri bağlıyoruz devrede kullanılan kondansatör voltajı ise ana voltajdan 3..5 volt yüksek olmalı şimdi 15 volt AC köprü diyot ile doğrultuldu 1000uf 25 volt kondansatör bağlandı şuan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;21 volt DC gerilim&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bulunmakta&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Voltaj neden yükseldi ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
AC volt doğrultulup filtre edildikten sonra yükselir bu hesap:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1.41 x AC voltaj&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1.41&lt;/span&gt;x&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fakat bu yükselme sunidir&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;as voltaj yine 15v tam yük üzerinde düşüş olacak ve 15 volt sabit kalacak tabiki trafonun verebileceği güç aşılırsa bu 15 volt sabit kalmaz düşer ben normal olarak trafoya uygun yük kullandığımızı var sayıyorum&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Ben örnek için standart kitaplardaki bilgilere göre 3 volt fazla kullandım yani 7812 regülere için trafomuz 15v ac oldu duruma göre 14v,13.5v olabilir tavsiye edilen değer 3 volt fazlasıdır&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Şimdi 7812 ile yapacağımız regüleli güç kaynağımız ne durumda bakalım&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;guc-kaynagi-devresi-1&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1010&quot; height=&quot;222&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/guc-kaynagi-devresi-1.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;guc-kaynagi-devresi-1&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Yukarıda regüleli güç kaynağı devremizin bir kısmı görünmekte şema üzerinde bir kaç detaydan bahsedeyim köprü diyotun eksi ucu AC girişim bir ucunun üzerinden geçiyor eksi ucun AC giriş ile birleşik olmadığını belli etmek için çizimi dönüşlü olarak yaptım bazı şemalarda bu şekilde çizimler olur&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;devre-semalarinda-atlama&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1007&quot; height=&quot;176&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/devre-semalarinda-atlama.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;devre-semalarinda-atlama&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Fakat en yaygın kullanılan yöntem olmayan yerler aşağıdaki örnekte olduğu gibi direkt diğer çizginin üzerinden geçer&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;devre-semalarinda-atlama-2&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1008&quot; height=&quot;176&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/devre-semalarinda-atlama-2.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;devre-semalarinda-atlama-2&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Bu tip şemalarda bağlantılı yerler nokta ile belli edilir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;baglanti-nokta&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1009&quot; height=&quot;89&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/baglanti-nokta.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;baglanti-nokta&quot; width=&quot;91&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Çizgilerin çakıştığı yerde nokta var ise birbirleri ile bağlantılıdır nokta yok ise bağlantılı değildir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Son olarak basit bir detay 100nf kondansatörün 1000uf kondansatörden sonra bağlanması şart değil aynı alanda kullanılıyorlar öncede olur sonrada&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ne kadar kısa tutmaya çalışsam da konu uzuyor az kaldı şimdi 7812 entegresini inceleyelim&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
SABİT ÇIKIŞLI POZİTİF (+) REGÜLATÖR 78XX SERİSİ&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
7812 aslında 78xx 3 terminalli pozitif regülatör entegrelerinden birisidir 78 pozitif + regülatör olduğunu belirtiyor 12 ise çıkış voltajını bir çok firma farklı isimlerde üretiyor genelde 78xx bölümü sabit başına farklı harfler gelir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;L78XX LM78XX UTC78XX UA78XX&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;vb. Çıraklık zamanlarımda ilk gördüğümde entegre olduğuna inanmamıştım görünümü transistor şeklinde ve 3 bacaklı genelde standart entegreler ile kıyasladığımızda biraz kafa karıştırıyor ileride bu tip bir çok entegre göreceksiniz hatta aynı transistor şeklinde 3 bacaklı smps entegreleri de var&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Aşağıda ki resimde değişik markaların 78xx entegreleri elimde 7812 olmadığı için 06 ve 05 serisinin resmini ekledim boyutları şekli aynıdır orta ve sağda ki entegreler kalitelidir st (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;STMicroelectronics&lt;/em&gt;) ürünleri soldaki ise bilmediğim bir firma UA7805&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;7806-7805-regulatorler&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1022&quot; height=&quot;375&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/7806-7805-regulatorler.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;7806-7805-regulatorler&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;stmicroelectronics-lm7805&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1023&quot; height=&quot;375&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/stmicroelectronics-lm7805.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;stmicroelectronics-lm7805&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Farklı uygulamalar için değişik kılıf çeşitleri var en çok kullanılan kılıflar resimde gördükleriniz (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;TO-220&lt;/em&gt;) güçleri uygun şartlar altında 1 amper şimdiye kadar hiç kullanmadığım metal kılıf (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;TO-3&lt;/em&gt;) 3 amper soğutucu bölümü pcb üzerine lehimlenebilen smd tipinde (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;D2PAK&lt;/em&gt;) ve resimdeki kılıfların aynısı olan fakat soğutucu montaj bölümü plastik kaplı kılıf (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;TO-220FP&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;to220-to220fp-to3-d2pak-kilif&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1024&quot; height=&quot;700&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/to220-to220fp-to3-d2pak-kilif.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;to220-to220fp-to3-d2pak-kilif&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Bacak bağlantıları ise giriş, çıkış ve şase ayrıca sogutucu maontajı için kullanılan bölüm şase – ile bütündür&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;INPUT :&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Giriş&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;GROUND-GND :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Şase –&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;OUTPUT :&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Çıkış +&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;regulator-voltaj-giris-cikis-sase&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1025&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/regulator-voltaj-giris-cikis-sase.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;regulator-voltaj-giris-cikis-sase&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Devre şemalarında kare şeklinde çizilir ya da dikdörtgen fazla bacak olmadığı için karışıklık olmaz&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-4547&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/border-bolme.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: navy; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Burada entegrelerin şema üzerindeki görünümlerine değinelim sık sık karşınıza çıkacak benimde pek sevmediğim bir çizim şekli entegrenin iç yapısına göre çizim (&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;bir bakıma faydalı ama pcb hazırlarken zorluk çıkartıyor&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) genelde op-amp ve kapı entegreleri üzerine kurulu devre şemalarında sık sık göreceksiniz şimdiden aklınızda bu bilgi bulunsun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: navy; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Örnek olarak opamp entegreleri ile yapılan devrelerin çizimleri aşağıda LM358 ile yapılmış bir devre iki üçgen çizim var anki iki farklı entegre varmış gibi ama entegrenin iç açılımına bakıldığında durum daha iyi anlaşılıyor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;lm358-devresi&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1027&quot; height=&quot;305&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/lm358-devresi.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;lm358-devresi&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: navy; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Lm358 Opamp açılım ve gerçek görünümü&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;lm358-opamp&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1028&quot; height=&quot;221&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/lm358-opamp.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;lm358-opamp&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-4547&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/border-bolme.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Şimdi regüle devremizi kurup test edelim öncelikle devrenin kurulacağı bread board aşağıdaki resimleri incelediğinzide az çok fikir sahibi olacaksınız&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/breadboard.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #0066cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s linear; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;breadboard&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-1030&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/breadboard-150x150.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-bottom-color: rgb(171, 171, 171); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(171, 171, 171); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 2px 2px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 1px 1px 5px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 2px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;breadboard&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/bread-board.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #0066cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s linear; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;bread-board&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-1031&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/bread-board-150x150.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-bottom-color: rgb(171, 171, 171); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(171, 171, 171); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 2px 2px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 1px 1px 5px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 2px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;bread-board&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/bread_board_test_bord_pcb.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #0066cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s linear; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;bread_board_test_bord_pcb&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-1032&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/bread_board_test_bord_pcb-150x150.gif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-bottom-color: rgb(171, 171, 171); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(171, 171, 171); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 2px 2px 0px; box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 1px 1px 5px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 2px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;bread_board_test_bord_pcb&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Son resim breadboard içindeki bağlatıyı gösteriyor fakat nadiren bazı modellerde üstte uzun çizgili bölüm iki farklı bağımsız gurutan oluşabiliyorbuna dikkat edin&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;breadboard-kesik&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1033&quot; height=&quot;174&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/breadboard-kesik.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;breadboard-kesik&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Birde iç yapı kullanılan malzeme&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;breadboard-ic-yapi&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1036&quot; height=&quot;260&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/breadboard-ic-yapi.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;breadboard-ic-yapi&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
ÖRNEK UYGULAMA DEVRESİ 7808 8 VOLT REGÜLE&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ben örnek uygulama devresi için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;7808 8volt regüle&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;entegresini kullandım besleme için trafo&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;9 volt AC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;filtre kapasitörü 1000uf devrenin son halini sematik olarak aşağıda gördüğünüz gibi&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;7808-8volt-regule&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1034&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/7808-8volt-regule.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;7808-8volt-regule&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Kullandığım 7808 çıkma montaj için bacaklarını uzatmak zorunda kaldım birde kullanımı daha kolay olduğu için 4 adet 1n400x serisi diyot yerine 2 amper köprü diyod kullandım&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;7808-8volt-regule-bord-test&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1035&quot; height=&quot;465&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/7808-8volt-regule-bord-test.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;7808-8volt-regule-bord-test&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Gördüğünüz gibi fazla karışık değil fakat breadboard ne kadat işimizi kolaylaştırsada bir çok bağlantı için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;zil teli&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;denilen tek damarlı kablolardan kullanmak gerekli yukarıda ki resimde gördüğünüz gibi devremizi kurduk ve çalıştırdık multimetre ile ölçümlere bakalım&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;8volt-multimetre-olcum&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1039&quot; height=&quot;465&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/8volt-multimetre-olcum.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;8volt-multimetre-olcum&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Yapılan ölçümler trafo çıkışı,dc doğrultma çıkışı ve reğüle çıkışı ac voltaj dc çevrimi için 1.41X9 (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;9 trafo çıkış voltajıdır&lt;/em&gt;) bulunduğum mahallede şebeke voltajı biraz yüksek olduğu için trafo çıkışında 9.7 volt ac bulunuyordu buna göre dc voltajda biraz yüksek oldu&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Dijital Multimetre&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ile voltaj ölçümlerini yapmanız için ölçü aletinin kademesini ilgili bölüme getirmelisiniz&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;dijital-multimetre-ac-dc-kademe&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1040&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/dijital-multimetre-ac-dc-kademe.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;dijital-multimetre-ac-dc-kademe&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ölçüm yapacağımız voltajdan emin olduğumuz için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;20volt&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kademesini örnek olarak gösterdim fakat emin olmadığınız durumlarda en yüksek kademeyi kullanın gerçi her zaman yüksek kademeyide kullanabilirsiniz sadece göstergede 1 volt altını göremezsiniz örneğin yüksek&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;DCV&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;bölümünde 1000 (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1000volt&lt;/em&gt;) seçili olsaydı 13.6 değeri görünmezdi sadece 13 görünür&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-4547&quot; height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/border-bolme.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Güncelleme 25 mayıs 2010&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
DİJİTAL ÖLÇÜ ALETİ İLE DC VOLTAJ ÖLÇÜMÜ&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;vdc-dc-voltaj-olcumu&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-10455&quot; height=&quot;458&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/vdc-dc-voltaj-olcumu.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;vdc-dc-voltaj-olcumu&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ölçü aletinin komitatörünü ölçeceğimiz voltajın değerine göre DCV konumuna alıp gerekli bölümü getiyiyoruz 200mv …. 1000v dc seçenekleri var.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ölçeceğimiz voltajın değerini bilmiyorsak ya da emin değilsek yüksek bir kademe seçmek iyi olur. Resimde en basitinden yarım dalga doğrultma devresini örnek gösterdim kırmızı prob diyotun çizgili ucuna (katot) siyah prob ise diğer uca değdirilir voltaj ölçülür.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Tam tesi bağlantıda yapılabilir yani diyotun ucuna siyah prob diğer ucada kırmızı prob değdirilebilir bu durumda ölçü aleti zarar görmez sadece ölçü aletinin ekranında probların ters bağlı olduğu “-” işareti ile bildirilir mesela 12v ölçüyorsanız -12 olarak görünür ölçü aletinin bu özelliği + – kutupları belirlemek için iş görür&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Örneğin içini göremediğiniz bir adaptör kablosunda + – kutupları belli eden bir işaret yok bu özellik sayesinde doğru ucu bulabilirsiniz&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ölçtüğünüz voltaj her zaman tam görünmeyebilir genellikle düşük değerlerde toleranslar olur mesela 5volt 4.50v …4.80v ….5.60v vb gibi görünebilir bu önemli değildir genelde devreye göre yük üzerinde voltaj normale döner ya da tasarımda kablo kayıpları düşünülerek çıkış biraz yüksek ayarlanmıştır vb yani ufak tefek toleransları dert etmeyin&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
DİJİTAL ÖLÇÜ ALETİ İLE AC VOLTAJ ÖLÇÜMÜ&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;dijital-olcu-aleti-ile-alternatif-ac-voltaj-olcumu&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-10456&quot; height=&quot;458&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/dijital-olcu-aleti-ile-alternatif-ac-voltaj-olcumu.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;dijital-olcu-aleti-ile-alternatif-ac-voltaj-olcumu&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Alternatif akım AC Ölçümünde ölçü aletinin komitatörü ACV böümünde ölçülecek voltaja göre uygun değere alınır ölçüm yapılır AC voltaj ölçümünde probların yönü önemli değil fakat ölçümde dikkatli olmalı çok yanıltır probları ölçülecek noktaya iyi temas ettirmeli mümkünse elle temas etmeli (bazı ölçü aletleri şaşırabiliyor)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Trafo çıkışlarında tam değeri görmek zordur örneğin 12 volt bir trafonun 220volt girişe göre çıkışı değişir 12volt sabit voltaj göstermez bizim mahallede voltaj 230volt akşamları 240 voltu görüyorum bazen geçiyor trafoların voltajında 1…2v farklar oluyor pek önemli değil ama yeni başlayan kişiler voltaj değerlerini kafasına takacaktır en azından bende öyle olmuştu :)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
DİJİTAL ÖLÇÜ ALETİ İLE DC AKIM ÖLÇÜMÜ&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;dc-akim-olcumu&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-10457&quot; height=&quot;458&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/dc-akim-olcumu.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;dc-akim-olcumu&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
DC akım Ölçümünde ölçü aletinin komitatörü DCA bölümünde ölçülecek akıma göre uygun değere alınır + kutupa seri bağlantı yapılarak ölçüm yapılır. Burada dikkat etmeniz gereken ölçeceğiniz akımdan emin değilseniz ya da kademe yetersizse yüksek kademede ölçüm yapın mesela bir güç kaynağı testi yapıyorsunuz 200ma akım ölçeceksiniz mutlaka ölçü aletinde yüksek bir kademe seçin var ise 500ma yoksa üstü ne varsa.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Eğer ölçümde kademedeki değerden yüksek akım çekilirse ölçü aletinin içindeki sigorta atar gerçi biraz uğraş ile sigortayı değiştirirsiniz ama nadirende olsa ölü aleti arızalanabilir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-4547&quot; height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/border-bolme.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 615px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;ins class=&quot;adsbygoogle&quot; data-ad-client=&quot;ca-pub-0182120847846351&quot; data-ad-slot=&quot;1729335609&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 280px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 336px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
EK BİLGİLER 1 DİRENÇLER…&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
En çok kullanılan komponentlerden biri direnç nedir değerleri nasıl okunur bilgiler ip uçları. Nedense direnç okumak pek önemsenmiyor bir çok kişi üzerinde gözlemlerim budur :) ama zaman kazanmak açısından çok önemli ayrıca malzemecinin bir yanlışı bir çok soruna yol açar bir çok malzemeci direnç okumayı bilmez kutu üzerinde yazana göre malzemeyi verir düşünsenize kutu içine yanlış bir değerde direnç karışmış ya da toptan bir karışıklık var sizde ölçüm yapmadınız uğraş dur :) ama en önemlisi zaman kazandırması&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Direnç:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Adı üstünde “direnç” en küçük birimi ohm dur orta birim kilo-ohmen yüksek birim mega-ohm (ağırlık birimleri gibi miligram,gram,kilogram).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1000 ohm&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;=&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: maroon; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1k&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1000k&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: maroon; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1m&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;k&lt;/span&gt;= kiloohm&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;= mega0hm&amp;nbsp; Ω–kΩ–mΩ)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Direnç üzerinden geçen akıma değerine göre büyük küçük oranda zorluk gösterir akımı düşük bir gerilim güçsüzdür ve yük üzerinde çöker örnek 12volt ile standart 5mm led yakmak için + arasına seri 1k direnç bağlanır aşağıda ki animasyon durumu daha iyi anlamanızı sağlayacak&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;basit-led-yak-animasyon&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1068&quot; height=&quot;189&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/basit-led-yak-animasyon.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;basit-led-yak-animasyon&quot; width=&quot;435&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Gördüğünüz gibi direncin çıkışında hiç bir yük bağlı değilken yine 12v ölçülüyor yük olarak kırmızı led bağlandığında voltaj 1.6v seviyesine kadar çöküyor&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Dirençler kullanım alanlarına göre çeşitlere ayrılmıştır ilk yazıda ki kaynak dökümanlardan biri olan “&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Vestel komponent grubu malzeme bilgisi el kitabı&lt;/span&gt;” çeşitler hakkında bilgi vermekte direnç boyutları değer ile değil güçleri ile orantılı direnç ne kadar güçlü ise o kadar büyük oluyor&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;direncler&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1069&quot; height=&quot;382&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/direncler.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;direncler&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Dirençler devrelerin vaz geçilmezi sınırlama koruma vb. bir çok çalışma için kullanılıyorlar az çok hakkında bilgi edindik çalışmasını öğrendik şimdi değerlerini okumayı öğrenelim tek yapmanız gerekn dirençlerin üzerindeki renklerin rakam değerlerini ezberlemek&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;direnc-renk-kodlari&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1070&quot; height=&quot;282&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/direnc-renk-kodlari.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;direnc-renk-kodlari&quot; width=&quot;74&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
İlk olarak 4 renkli standart en çok kullanılan dirençleri okumayı öğrenelim gerisi size kalmış gerektikce zamanla çözersiniz&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
4 renkli dirençlerde&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ilk 3 renk değeri belirler&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;dördüncü renk ise tolerans&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;%&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;oranında direncin değerinin değişebileceğini söyler&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;%5 Altın&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yaldız&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;%10 Gümüş&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ben yaldız diyorum farklı isimleride olabilir&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Örneğin son rengi altın yaldız olan dirençler %5 değer değiştirir 10k ölçüldüğünde tam 10k değer vermez 9.8-9.6 vs. değişir hassas uygulamalar,bölümler dışında bu önemli değildir bir çok devrede %5 toleranslı dirençler kullanılıyor.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Değer okumada ilk renk rakama çevirilir ikinci renk rakama çevirilir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Üçüncü renkde rakam olarak çevirilir ama rakam kadar&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;“0”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak göz önüne alınır örneğin son renk kırmızı (2) ise iki&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“0”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak baz alınır (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;yukarıda ki renk tablosunda kırmızı karşılığı 2&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kırmızı&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kırmızı&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kırmızı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—–&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;———&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;——-&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;00&lt;/span&gt;—–&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sonuç&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: 2200 son rengin rakam karşılığını&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“0”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak belirledik rakam değeri kadar&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“0”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şimdi 1000ohm 1k yapıyordu 2000ohm 2k 2200ohm 2.2k yapıyor işte bu kadar basit&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Son renk turuncu olsaydı üç sıfır&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“0”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;koyacaktık bu durumda 22000 olacaktı 22000ohm =22k bir süre renklerin rakam karşılıklarını ezmerlediğinizde daha kolay olacak&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Eğer son renk siyah ise görmezden gelinir hesaba alınmaz etkisiz sıfırdır direkt ilk iki renk baz alınır sonuc iki haneli ohm değerinde olur&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kırmızı&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kırmızı&lt;/span&gt;-Siyah&lt;br /&gt;—–&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;———&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;——-0—–&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sonuç&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: 22ohm son renk siyah etkisiz 0 hesaba katılmaz değer ohm birimine çevirilir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Eğer ikinci renk siyah olur ise bir 0 değeri alır etkli olur&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Örnek&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #993300; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kahve&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Siyah Siyah&lt;br /&gt;—–&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #993300; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;——0——0—-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sonuç&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;: 10-ohm iki haneli ohm (Ω)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Son renk kahve rengi 1 olursa yine düşük değerde 3 haneli ohm olur&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kırmızı&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kırmızı&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #993300; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kahve&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—–&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;———-&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;——–&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #993300; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;—-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sonuç&lt;/span&gt;: 220hm üçüncü renk kahve rengi değeri 1 bunu bir sıfır “0” olarak çeviriyoruz yani siyah gibi değil etkili göz önüne alınmalı&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Biraz daha kolay bir yöntem son rengin 0 karşılığına göre hesaplama 2 sıfır ise 1 haneli kohm olur (1k-2k-3k vs.) 3 sıfır ise 2 haneli kohm olur (10k-15k vs.) 4 sıfır ise 3 haneli kohm olur (100k-200k vs) 5 sıfır ise mohm olur (1m-2m vs.) bütün iş renklerin rakam karşılığını ezberlemek&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Unutmadan düşük değerde ki dirençler örnegin 1Ω 0.22Ω bu değerlerin belirlenmesinde 1….9 Ω arası üçüncü renk&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;altın yaldız&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;0.10Ω…0.87Ω vb. gibi 1ohm altı değerler için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;gümüş yaldız&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;rengi kullanılır&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Örneğin ilk iki renk&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(kırmızı)&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(kırmızı) üçüncü renk&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;altın yaldız&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bu durumda değer 2.2Ω olur eğer ikinci renk kırmızı (2) değil de siyah (0) olsaydı dikkate alınırdı değer 2ohm olurdu yani normalde “0” olarak çevirilen son renk altın yaldız olduğunda 1…9 ohm arası değer kazandırıyor ve ikincirenk siyah dışında ise ilk rakam sonrası ara değer kazandırıyor 2.2-3.9 gibi dördüncü son renk yine altın gümüş olabilir onlar ise tolerans belirleme işlerine devam eder&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Normalde&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; üçüncü renk siyah olduğunda göz önüne alınmazken ikinci renk bölümünde siyah etkili olur göz önüne alınır&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Üçüncü renk gümüş yaldız olduğunda ise 1ohm altı değerleri belirler örneğin 2 (kırmızı) 2 (kırmızı) gümüş (%10) bu durumda ilk iki rakamın başına “0.” ekliyoruz 1ohm altı 0.22ohm olarak değeri belirliyoruz&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Bir kaç uygulama biraz protik ile bu işler otomatiğe bağlanacak merak etmeyin ne kadar basit anlatsamda ilk bakışda çok karışık görünüyor biliyorum :)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Son olarak&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;dirençler seri bağlandığında değerleri artar&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;paralel bağlandığında düşer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;bazen uygun değer bulamadığımda seri paralel bağlantı ile işimi görüyorum&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Dijital multi metre üzerinde direnç ölçümüne bir kaç örnek&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Seri bağlantı&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;seri-diranc-baglantisi-deger-artti&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1073&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/seri-diranc-baglantisi-deger-artti.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;seri-diranc-baglantisi-deger-artti&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Seri bağlanan dirençlerin değeri 47ohm ikisi birleşince 89ohm gibi bir değer ortaya çıkıyor işte tolerans olayı dirençler tam değerinde değildir 89-88-88,5 bu şekilde yakın değerler görünür bu normaldireğer tolerans olayı olmasaydı normalde 47+47=94 yani 94ohm olacaktı&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ayrıca ölçü aletinin iç direnci prob direnci azda olsa etki eder fakat bunlar hasas devreler dışında önemli değildir %5 sorun olmaz resimde gördüğünüz gibi son renk siyah değeri ise “0” siyah sonununcu renk olduğunda etkisizdir çıkarıyoruz geriye 47 kalıyor&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Paralel bağlantıda direnç değeri yarısı kadar düşer 47ohm yarısı 23.5ohm 47-23.5=23.5&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;paralel-direnc-baglantisi-deger-dustu&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-1074&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/paralel-direnc-baglantisi-deger-dustu.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;paralel-direnc-baglantisi-deger-dustu&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Toleransı tolerans rengi altın,gümüş olan dirençlerde ölçüm sırasında tam değer okuyamadığınız da şaşırmayın sorun yok. Dediğim gibi en basitinden temel elektronik bu konu daha da karmaşıklaştırılabilir şimdilik bu bilgiler uzun süre size yeterli olur zamanla uygulama yaptıkca ihtiyacınıza göre karışık hesaplar diğer bilgiler yavaş yavaş öğrenirsiniz birden tam bilgi yüklemesi yapmaya çalışmayın&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Çeşitli omajlarda bir kaç örnek&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;1k5&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-6675&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/1k5.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;1k5&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;5k6&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-6676&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/5k6.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;5k6&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;5r6&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-6677&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/5r6.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;5r6&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;8k2&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-6678&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/8k2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;8k2&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;12k&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-6679&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/12k.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;12k&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;22r&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-6680&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/22r.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;22r&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;47k&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-6681&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/47k.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;47k&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;51r&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-6682&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/51r.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;51r&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
POTANSİYOMETRE, TRİMPOT VB. AYARLI DİRENÇLER AYARLANABİLİR ELEMANLAR&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Özellikle referans voltajı alma, voltajı düşürme ses vb. gibi uygulamalarda potanslar kullanılıyor örneğin normal direncin telle sarıldığını düşünün telin bir ucundan diğer ucu arası 100 ohm ediyor ama telin tam ortasından ölçüm yaparsak 50 ohm görürüz işte potans trimpot ya da ayarlı kondansatör trimer denilen elemanlarda böyledir mekanik olarak devrede kullanılan bir ucun iletken malzeme üzerinde gezinerek çeşitli değerlerin kullanımı sağlar. Potansiyometre ve trimpot aynı işi yapar ama trimpotlar daha küçüktür, gücü düşüktür devre üzerinde kullanılır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Bir çok çeşitleri var sürgülü kademeli aç/kapa anahtarlı vb. ama aynı amaca hizmet ederler :)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;potansiyometre-voltaj-elektronik&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-18575&quot; height=&quot;488&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/potansiyometre-voltaj-elektronik.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;potansiyometre-voltaj-elektronik&quot; width=&quot;554&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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örnek şemada seri bağlı 2 direnç var işte bunları tek bir potans olarak düşünün ortada ki uç neredeyse ona göre potansın bacakları arasında ki değer değişir mesela 12v bağlayalım potans 4.7k olsun tam orta konumda potansın orta ucundan 6v alırız yukarıda dirençleri anlatırken akıma karşı gösterdiği direnç sebebiyle voltaj düşümünden bahsetmiştim animasyonda led bağlı iken voltaj çöküyordu işte potans benzetiminde ikinci direnci ayarlanabilen bir yük olarak düşünebiliriz işte bu sayede ayarlama yaparak değişik voltajlar alınabiliyor. Aynı işlemi ses için düşünelim (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;sonuçta ses sinyalide voltaj&lt;/em&gt;) potun bir ucuna ses sinyalinin canlı ucu girilir şase ucuda potun diğer ucuna bağlanır orta uçtan ise pot ayarına göre düşük ses sinyali alınır bu sayede ses kontrolü yapılır&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;stero-potans-baglantisi-ses-ayar&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-18580&quot; height=&quot;350&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/stero-potans-baglantisi-ses-ayar.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;stero-potans-baglantisi-ses-ayar&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;potantiometer-schematic-symbols-potans-sematik-sembolu&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-18576&quot; height=&quot;113&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/potantiometer-schematic-symbols-potans-sematik-sembolu.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;potantiometer-schematic-symbols-potans-sematik-sembolu&quot; width=&quot;494&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;pot-potans-potantiometer-Potentiometre&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-18577&quot; height=&quot;305&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/pot-potans-potantiometer-Potentiometre.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;pot-potans-potantiometer-Potentiometre&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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İçine bakalım :)&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;pot-source&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-18578&quot; height=&quot;465&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/pot-source.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;pot-source&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;pot-source-2&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-18579&quot; height=&quot;557&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/pot-source-2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;pot-source-2&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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yukarıda ki resimde potun gövdesinde 2 halka var bunlar direnç ama ayrı değiller resimde görünen metal parça ile paralel bağlanıyorlar bazı potanslarda tek halka olabilir ya da değişik bağlantı yöntemleri ama mantık aynı&lt;/div&gt;
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bu arada “stereo” denilen 2 kanal potlarda var bunlar tek kontrol ile değer değiştiriyor tabiki sadece stereo değil üçlü, dörtlü, beşli, altılı potanslar var ard arda potans gövdelerinin birleştildiğini düşünün hepsinin ortasından tek bir çevirme cubuğu geçiriliyor çevirmede hepsi birden ayarlanıyor mesela altılı 5.1 ses sistemlerinde ana ses kontrolü için kullanılır :)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
TRANSİSTÖR, ENTEGRE SOĞUTUCU BAĞLANTISI YAPARKEN DİKKAT&lt;/h3&gt;
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Gelelim başka bir konuya yüksek güçlü transistör, entegrelerin soğutucuya bağlantısı yapılırken ya da devre üzerinde kullanılırken en çok hata yapılan bölüm montak kısmınında aktif olduğunun unutulmasıdır örneğin TIP35, BD249 vb bu transistörlerin orta kollektör bacağı vida takılan kısımları ile birleşiktir soğutucu bağlanan bir çok entegrede aynı şekildedir güç akan aktif kısım dışarıda kalan kısım ile bütündür zaten soğutulması gereken yerde orasıdır :) detaylı bilgi için bakınız:&amp;nbsp;Isı iletimi ve izolatörler&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;transistor-izolator-insulator&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-18581&quot; height=&quot;474&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/transistor-izolator-insulator.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;transistor-izolator-insulator&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;transistor-izolator-insulator-pice&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-18582&quot; height=&quot;714&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/transistor-izolator-insulator-pice.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;transistor-izolator-insulator-pice&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;transistor-izolator-insulator-pice-vida&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-18583&quot; height=&quot;674&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/transistor-izolator-insulator-pice-vida.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;transistor-izolator-insulator-pice-vida&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu yazı üzerinde bir kaç ekleme daha yapacağım gerisi sizlerin azmine kalmış..&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
KONDANSATÖRLER&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Kondansatörlerden biraz daha detaylı bahsedelim bir çok devrede görmüşsünüzdür büyük küçük bir çok şekli var genelde filtre için kullanılır en basitinden demiştim fazla detaya formullere girmek istemiyorum ama bazı istisna durumlarda çeşitli hesaplamalar gerekebilir kendi devrenizi yapacak çalıştıracak kadar bilgi ve biraz daha fazlasına sahip olmanız yeterli gerisi size kalmış kitaplar ve bol bol uygulama ile her geçen gün bilginiz büyüyecek.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Çeşitli değer ve voltajlarda&amp;nbsp;kondansatörler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kondansator cesitleri&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-6884&quot; height=&quot;333&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kondansator-cesitleri.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kondansator-cesitleri&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Kondansatörlerin çalışmasından bahsedeyim&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;DC doğru akımda çalışması :&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Seri bağlandığında iç direnci büyük olduğu için akımı geçirmez + – arası bağlantıda filtre görevi yapar&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;AC alternatif akımda çalışması :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Seri bağlantıda şarj ve deşarj olarak ac voltajı geçirir fakat dolup boşalarak voltajı iletirken “&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kapasitif Reaktans&lt;/em&gt;” denilen bir zorluk gösterir sembolü Xc birimi OHM bilirsiniz 220v şebeke voltajını sabit kutupsuz 220nf…470nf vb. kondansatör ile düşürüp led yakma basit şarj devreleri yapılır kapasitif-reaktans zorluk görserme olayı Paralel bağlantıda ise filtre görevi yapar&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Bunların yanı sıra osilatör devrelerinde çalışma frekansını belirlemek için kullanılırlar&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Besleme devrelerinde değerleri pek önemli değildir ama çalışma voltajları kullanılan devrede ki voltajdan 3..5 volt&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;yüksek olmalı&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;mesela bir besleme devresinde köprü diyot çıkışında + – uçlarına bağlı filtre kondasatörünün değeri 4700 uf 16v yerine yüksek voltaj da yüksek kapasitede kondansatör takılabilir (ilk yazı da bahsetmiştim) düşük değerde kullanılabilir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Besleme devresi yine çalışır fakat yük üzerinde voltaj çökmesi daha kolay olur ayrıca ömrüde kısa olur bir süre sonra şişer tepesinden çiçek gibi açılmaya başlar :) süre kullanım zamanına göre değişir hemen arıza vermez bir çok çinmali ses sistemlerinde kapasiteler olması gerekenden biraz daha düşüktür&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Bir önceki yazımda dirençlerin seri paralel bağlantıda değerlerinin artabileceği düşebileceğinden bahsetmiştim kondansatörlerde dirençlere göre durum tam tersi olur&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Seri bağlantıda kapasite düşer çalışma voltajı artar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kondansatörlerin şematik sembolleri;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kondansator-sembolleri-sematik-sembol&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-17906&quot; height=&quot;166&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kondansator-sembolleri-sematik-sembol.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kondansator-sembolleri-sematik-sembol&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Yukarıda ki resimde kondansör sembolleri görünüyor kutuplu elektrolitik kondansatörlerde bir kaç çeşit sembol var sabit kondansatörlerde ise değişiklik olmuyor.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kondansator seri baglanti&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-6885&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kondansator-seri-baglanti.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kondansator-seri-baglanti&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Eşit kapasite için hesap kitap gerekmez ama aynı değerde olmayan iki kondansatörü seri bağladığımızda basit bir hesaplama ile tam değeri bulabiliriz örneğin 22uf 50volt 47uf 50volt iki kondansatörü seri bağlayalım&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kondansator-seri-baglanti-formul-hesaplama&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-6886&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kondansator-seri-baglanti-formul-hesaplama.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kondansator-seri-baglanti-formul-hesaplama&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Sonuç 14.9uf 100volt olur hesabı ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;22 X 47 = 1034 22 + 47 = 69&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şimdi bölme işlemi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;1034 / 69 = 14.9&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Kondansatörler paralel bağlandığında kapasiteleri artar voltajı ise bağlantıda kullanılan en küçük voltaj değerine sahip olan kondansatörün çalışma voltajı kadar olur&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kondansator-paralel-baglanti&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-6887&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kondansator-paralel-baglanti.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kondansator-paralel-baglanti&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Birinci yazıda elektrolitik kondansatörlerin kutupsuz çeşitleri olduğundan bahsetmiştim “&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;NP Non-Polarized Electrolytic Capacitors&lt;/strong&gt;” biraz daha detaya inelim bu kondansatörlerin görünümü aynı kutuplu olanlar gibidir aşağıda örnek resimi var.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kutupsuz-np-kondansator&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-17904&quot; height=&quot;207&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kutupsuz-np-kondansator.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kutupsuz-np-kondansator&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Fiyatları daha pahalıdır benim gördüğüm daha çok ses elektroniğinde kullanılıyor tabiki tasarıma göre diğer bölümlşerde de kullanılıyordur. Zamanında bir kaç devrede lazım olmuştu malzemecide bulamamıştım iki adet kutuplu kondansatörü seri bağlayarak kutupsuz yapıp kullanmıştım..&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kutupsuz-kondansator-yapimi-seri-baglantı&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-17905&quot; height=&quot;358&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kutupsuz-kondansator-yapimi-seri-baglant%C4%B1.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kutupsuz-kondansator-yapimi-seri-baglantı&quot; width=&quot;589&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Yukarı da görüldüğü gibi iki adet 10uf elektrolitik kondansatörün “-” eksi ucları birleştiriliyor diğer “+” artı uçları kullanılıyor bu bağlantı ile kutupsuz elektrolitik kondansatör elde etmiş oluyoruz ama unutmayın kapasite yarı yarıya düşer.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Biarazda sabit kondansatörlerden bahsedeyim sabit kondansatörlerde çeşit bol hassas olmayan devrelerde çeşit pek sorun olmuyor ama osilatör filtre vb. gibi bölümlerde standar bazı çeşitler kullanılıyor..&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;sabit-kondansatorler-seramik-polyester-polipropilen&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-17907&quot; height=&quot;412&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/sabit-kondansatorler-seramik-polyester-polipropilen.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;sabit-kondansatorler-seramik-polyester-polipropilen&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Ben çeşitlerin seçimini orjinal tasarımlara bakarak kendi projelerinde kullandım mesela tl494 pwm entegresi ve benzerlerinde osilatör kondansatörü “polipropilen” film tip yeşil renk kullanılıyor aynı zamanda kaliteli amplifikatör devrelerinde de bu kondansatörü sıkca gördüm seramik (mercimek) kondansatörler özelleikle açık kahve rengi olanlar basit bölgelerde kullanılıyor zaten fiyatlarıda çok ucuz polyester kondansatörü ise neredeyse her şeyde gördüm sanırım kullanım alanı yada kullanılabilirlik oranı en yüksek olanı polyester :)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Sabit kondansatörlerde + – kutuplar yoktur ters düz olmaz yani sembolünde de kutup belirten biz çizim olmaz standart devrelerde kullanılan seramik polyester, polyester film kondansatörlerde kapasite değeri rakamlar ile belirtilir okuması çok kolaydır aynı direnclerde olduğu ama renk yerine direkt rakam yazılmış direnc okumayı baz olarak anlatayım daha kolay anlaşılacak&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
şimdi dirençlerde en küçük birim üzerinden basitce hesap yapıyoruz bin 1000 ohm 1k ediyordu kondansatörlerde ise küçük birim&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;pf&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(pikofarad) sonrasında&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;nf&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(nanofarad) sonra&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;uf&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(mikrofarad) geliyor&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
bin 1000&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;pf&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;1nf ediyor kondansatör üzerinde 102 yazıyor son 2 rakamını sıfır yapıyoruz yani&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2 tane sıfır&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;o zaman 102 — 1000 oluyor yani bin pf = 1nf işte bu kadar basit yine son rakamı sıfıra çeviriyoruz 103 olunca 10.000 – 10nf 104 olunca 10.0000 – 100nf böyle gidiyor direnclerde olduğu gibi tolerans olayı kondansatörlerde de var %10 %5 vs tolerans ne kadar düşükse iyidir&lt;/div&gt;
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buraya kadar okuma işi kolay ama biraz zorlaştıran bir yazım şekli var 0.1uf (100nf) 0.01uf (10nf) 0.001uf (1nf) vs. bu şekilde değer yazımı arasıra denk gelebiliyor buda mkrofarat baz alınarak düşünülmüş yani 1000 nf 1uf ediyor 0.1uf 100nf ediyor aşağı daki tablo hesaplama için işimizi kolaylaştıracak ayrıca tolerans ve voltaj kodlarınıda açıklıyor..&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;kondansator-kapasite-hesaplama-bilgi-tablosu-Capacitors-Cheat-Sheet&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-17908&quot; height=&quot;468&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kondansator-kapasite-hesaplama-bilgi-tablosu-Capacitors-Cheat-Sheet.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kondansator-kapasite-hesaplama-bilgi-tablosu-Capacitors-Cheat-Sheet&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Sabit kondansatörlerde paralel, seri bağlantı olayıda kutuplu kondansatörlerde ki gibidir.&lt;/div&gt;
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İlk yazıda söylediğim gibi bu yazı dizisinde basit olarak yüzeysel fazla derine girmeden anlatım yapmaya çalışıyorum amacım öğrenimi kolaylaştırmak ilk adımın atılıp basit uygulamalar yapılmasını kolaylaştırmak zaten ilerlemek isteyen kişi sitede bulunan kaynaklardan faydalanır kondansatörler hakkında daha detaylı bilgiler için bakınız;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kondansatörler&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-4547&quot; height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/border-bolme.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
TRANSİSTÖR&lt;/h2&gt;
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Şimdi benim ilk zamanlar asla çalışmasını anlıyamayacağım dediğim dediğim transistör elemanı bir çok çeşiti var benim normal dediklerim bjt npn pnp transistörler mosfet transistörler ujt vb. temel bjt npn-pnp ile başlangıç yapalım&lt;/div&gt;
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Komik gelebilir ama ustam kolay şekilde anlamam için transistörü bir musluk olarak düşünmemi söylemişti :) npn bir musluk su girişi kollektör çıkışı emiter açma kapama başlığı ise beyz ne kadar açarsan o kadar çok akar :)&lt;/div&gt;
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Gerilim ile çalışan hassas elektronik kontrollü anahtar da diyebiliriz tabiki sadece bu amaç için kullanılmaz detaylara girdiğimizde durum iyica karışır şimdilik basit olarak açıklamaya çalışayım fazla derinlere dalmayalım.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-4547&quot; height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/border-bolme.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Transistör, bir grup elektronik devre elemanına verilen temel addır. Transistörler yapıları ve işlevlerine bağlı olarak kendi aralarında gruplara ayrılırlar. BJT (Bipolar Jonksiyon Transistör), FET, MOSFET, UJT v.b gibi… Elektronik endüstrisinde her bir transistör tipi kendi adı ile anılır. FET, UJT, MOSFET… gibi. Genel olarak transistör denilince akla BJT’Ler gelir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bipolar Jonksiyon Transistör (BJT) elektronik endüstrisinin en temel yarıiletken devre&lt;br /&gt;elemanlarındandır. BJT; anlam olarak “Çift kutuplu yüzey birleşimli transistör” ifadesini&lt;br /&gt;ortaya çıkarır. BJT içinde hem çoğunluk taşıyıcıları, hem de azınlık taşıyıcıları görev&lt;br /&gt;yapar. Bundan dolayı bipolar (çift kutuplu) sözcüğü kullanılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Transistör beyzine uygulanan sinyal ile emiter kollektör arasından geçen akımı kontrol eden bir devre elemanı PNP NPN olarak iki çeşittir npn daha çok pozitif + voltaj kontrollerinde kullanılıyor pnp ise ne gatif – voltaj bölümlerinde gerçi pnp ile + kontrolüde oluyor ama tasım daha zor olduğu için pek kullanılmıyor&lt;/div&gt;
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Transistörün her bir terminale işlevlerinden ötürü; Emiter (Emiter), Beyz (Base) ve&lt;br /&gt;Kollektör (Collector) adları verilir. Bu terminaller; genelde E, B ve C harfleri ile sembolize edilirler. Şekil-4.2’de NPN tipi ve PNP tipi transistörün fiziksel yapısı ve şematik sembolleri verilmiştir. Fiziksel yapıdan da görüldüğü gibi transistörün iki jonksiyonu vardır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bunlardan beyz-emiter arasındaki bölge “beyz-emiter jonksiyonu”, beyzkollektör&lt;br /&gt;arasındaki bölge ise “ beyz-kollektör jonksiyonu” olarak adlandırılır. Transistörlerde beyz bölgesi; kollektör ve Emiter bölgelerine göre daha az katkılandırılır. Ayrıca beyz bölgesi; kollektör ve Emiter bölgesine nazaran çok daha dar tutulur.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;npn-transistor&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-6888&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/npn-transistor.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;npn-transistor&quot; width=&quot;522&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;pnp-transistor&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-6889&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/pnp-transistor.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;pnp-transistor&quot; width=&quot;510&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-4547&quot; height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/border-bolme.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;605&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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BJT transistörler genelde 3 bacaklı olurlar beyz, emiter kollektör çalışması için tipine göre bağlantı kurulmalıdır&lt;/div&gt;
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Transistör PNP ise emiterine + verilir beyz ve kollektör emitere verilen voltaja göre eksi – yapılır&lt;/div&gt;
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NPN transistörde tam tersi olur emiteri şase – kollektörü ve beyzi emitöre + yapılır&lt;/div&gt;
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Güçlerine göre şekilleri değişir bir çok çeşit var metal kılıf plastik kılıf bacak bağlantılarıda değişir gerci bazı transistörlerde standartlaşmış ama emin olmak şart yanlış bağlantıda sonuçlar kötü olur&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Şimdi transistörün ölçümü tipnin bacaklarının ölçülerek bulunmasını öğrenelim öncelikler yukarıda ki resimde iç yapıyı dikkatlice inceleyin ayrıca resimde devre şemalarında ki sembolleri görünüyor ok işareti içe doğru ise pnp dışa doğru ise npn transistördür&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;P-pozitif&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;N-negatif&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;P-pozitif&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;PNP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;N-negatif&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;P-pozitif&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;N-negatif&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;NPN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi bir önceki yazımda diyodlardan bahsetmiştim tek yönden gerilimi geçiriyorlardı transistörün iki diyodtan oluştuğunu düşünelim&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;transistor-diyod-ic-yapi&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-6890&quot; height=&quot;412&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/transistor-diyod-ic-yapi.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;transistor-diyod-ic-yapi&quot; width=&quot;551&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Evet diyod ölçer gibi transistörü ölçeceğiz transistör npn ise beyzine kırmızı prob (pozitif) değdirildiğin de siyah prob emiter ve kollektör uçlarında değdirilir ve ölçü aletinin ekranında omaj görünür&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;en düşük omajı gösteren kollektördür&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
PNP transistör için durum tersidir beyze siyah prob (negatif ) değdirildiğinde kırmızı prob emiter ve kollektör uçlarında değdirilir ve ölçü aletinin ekranında omaj görünür en düşük omajı gösteren kollektördür bu kadar basit diyod ölçer gibi :)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Bir animasyon ile durumu daha iyi anlayacaksınız animasyonda npn transistör ölçülüyor b,c,e ucları bulunuyor bir uygulama yaparsanız animasyonda gördüğünüz gibi dijital ölçü aletinde benzer değerleri göreceksiniz Hazırlayan: Ersoy Tuncay&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Play butonuna basın diyod kademesi seçilecek sonra tekrar play butonuna basın ölçüm başlayacak&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Transistörün elektronik anahtar olarak kullanılmasına bir örnek animasyonda ki butona tıklayın. Link&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/flash/transistorun-anahtar-olarak-kullanilmasi.swf&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #0066cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s linear; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;animasyon transistor anahtar olarak kullanilmasi&quot;&gt;transistorun-anahtar-olarak-kullanilmasi.swf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Ek bilgi transistör kılıfları;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;kilif-transistor-package-case&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-18546&quot; height=&quot;943&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kilif-transistor-package-case.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;kilif-transistor-package-case&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
TUP TUN TRANSİSTÖRLER DUS DUG DİYOTLAR&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Özellikle eski devre şemalarında transistör isimleri yerine tun ya da tup yazıldığını görürüz diyotlarda ise dug ve dus yazılır. Bu sistemi Elektor elektronik dergilerinde yer verdiği şemalarda kullanmaya başlamış zamanla yayılmış bu kısaltmalar malzemelerin benzer çok karşılığı olduğu için kullanılmış günümüzde bu kısaltmalar pek kullanılmasada bilmenizde fayda var.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;TUN&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Üniversal NPN Transistör&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;TUP&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Üniversal PNP Transistör&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;DUG&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Üniversal Germanyum Diyot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;DUS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Üniversal Silikon Diyot&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;TUP TUN – DUS DUG listesi resim ve pdf formatında;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;png:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/tup-tun-transistorler-dus-dug-diyotlar.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #0066cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s linear; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;tup-tun-transistorler-dus-dug-diyotlar&quot;&gt;tup-tun-transistorler-dus-dug-diyotlar.png&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;pdf (elektor)&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/TUP-TUN-DUG-DUS-elektor.pdf&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #0066cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.25s linear; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;TUP-TUN-DUG-DUS-elektor.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
VCC NEDİR VDD NEDİR&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Devre şemalarında belirli bir noktada, noktalarda genelde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;VCC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazan bölüm olur burası devreyi çalıştırmak için devreye bağlanacak olan güç kaynağının (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;pilin vb.&lt;/em&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;+ artı&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ucunun bağlanacağı yerdir. Bazen&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;direkt + artı simgesi ile belirtilir, V+ ya da devrenin çalışma voltajı o bölüme yazılır bu sayede + artı bağlantısının yapılacağı yer anlaşılır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Şimdi bazen kafa karıştıran durumlar olabilir örneğin bir devrede entegre var ve entegrenin 8 numaralı bacağı + artı girişi burada&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;VCC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazıyor fakat entegrenin datasheet dosyasında o bacağa&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;VDD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;denilmiş hayda nedir bu&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;VDD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;? burada FET, BJT teknolojisi işin içine giriyor bjt transistörlerde + artı kollektör mosfetlerde ise Drain bölümüdür ama temelde bu bölümlere + artı bağlanır ve en yaygın kullanılan kısatma&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;VCC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olduğu için entegre bilgilerinde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;VDD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;görünsede şemada&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;VCC&lt;/strong&gt;yazabilir fazla karıştırmayalım …&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Anlamları;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Vcc&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;= Kollektör besleme voltjı (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Collector supply voltage&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Vdd&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;= Drain besleme voltajı (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Drain supply voltage&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Ek olarak biraz daha detay;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; list-style: square; margin: 1.5em 0px 1.571em 1.9em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Vcc&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Collector Collector Voltage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Vdd&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Drain Drain Voltage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Vss&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Source Source Voltage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Vce&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Collector Emitter Voltage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Vbe&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Base Emitter Voltage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Vec&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Emitter Collecter Voltage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Bu kadar yeter :) elektronik böyle işte + artının nereye bağlanacağını bilmek bana yetiyor ama detaya inildiğinde neler çıkıyor amacım hızlı başlangıç olduğu için daha fazla uzatmaya gerek yok&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
GND NEDİR&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;– eksi bağlantısının yapılacağı bölümdür&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-V&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ya da direkt&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;“-“&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bazı devrelerde nadiren&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;VSS&lt;/strong&gt;yazabilir ya da yukarıda anlattığım gibi entegrede&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;VSS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazar bağlantıda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazar açılımı “&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ground&lt;/em&gt;” toprak, şase olarak da ismi geçer. Fakat devre şemalarında&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bağlantısnın farklı sembolleri var buda elektroniğe yeni başlayan kişilerin kafasını karıştırıyor örnek devreler ile durumu anlatayım..&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Örnek-1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-1&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-19136&quot; height=&quot;353&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-1.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-1&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Şemada gördüğünüz gibi ters T şeklinde simge kullanılmış – eksi bağlantısı olan yerler birleştirilip bir tane simge konulmuş sadece bir elemana ayrı simge eklenmiş oda şemayı daha da karmaşık hale getirmemek için…&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Yukarıda ki bağlantı ayrıda olabilirdi yani – eksi, şaseye bağlanacak tüm elemanlar ayrı simgelerle belirtilebilirdi bu durumda aşağıda ki gibi bir şema olur böyle bir bağlantıda gerçek uygulamada devreyi kurarken hepsi birleştirilir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-2&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-19137&quot; height=&quot;353&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-2.gif&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-2&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Şimdi devre kurulurken besleme bağlantısının nasıl yapılacağını görelim&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-3&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-19138&quot; height=&quot;366&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-3.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-3&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
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aşağıda ki resimde – eksi gnd bağlantısında kullanılan farklı sembolleri göreceksiniz yukarıda açıkladığım mantık hepsi için geçerlidir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img alt=&quot;sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-4&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-19139&quot; height=&quot;678&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-4.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;sase-toprak-eksi-gnd-ground-4&quot; width=&quot;590&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
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aslında bu simgelerin farklı anlamları var ama bir çok devre şeması çizimde buna dikkat edilmemiş bazılarında kurallara uyulmuş vb. ortalık karışmış :) mesela aşağı doğru üçgen simgesi sinyal şasesini belirtmek için kullanılır bazı anfi devrelerinde beslemenin şasesinin geldiği yer farklı bir simge ile gösterilir ses girişinin şasesi ise üçgen şeklindedir ve bu şase düşük omajlı bir direnç ile besleme şasesiyle birleştirilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bazı şemalarda ise beslemenin eksi girişi için hiç simge olmaz hepsi birleştirilmiştir ve ortak bir noktada “-” sembolü ile giriş yapılacak yer net olarak belirtilmiştir ya da bahsettiğim gibi simge kullanılmıştır ama bir yerde ek olarak aşağıda ki simge vardır&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;chassis-ground-gnd&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-19140&quot; height=&quot;295&quot; src=&quot;http://320volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/chassis-ground-gnd.png&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid rgb(171, 171, 171); clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;chassis-ground-gnd&quot; width=&quot;310&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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bunun anlamı besleme “-” bağlantısının yoğunluğunun arttırılması için devrenin kutusu yada yogunluğu arttıracak bir yer ile birleşmesi gerektiğidir örneğin pc güç kaynaklarında voltaj çıkışında “-” bölümü devrenin kasasına bir kablo ve papuç ile vidalanmıştır ve kasa metaldir + pc kasasıda metal bu sayede şase yoğunlu arttırılıyor vs.. ama bu bağlantı yapıldan da devre çalışır ama sağlıklı olmaz özellikle pc güç kaynağı gibi gelişmiş ve önemli işi olan cihazlarda kullanılmalı&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Fakat basit devrelerde kullanılmadığını gördüm şemada bağlantı vardır ama kullanılmamıştır mesela pc güç kaynaklarında 220v şebeke bağlantısında topraklı hat kullanmak gerekir ama bir çok kişi kullanmıyor, kullanamıyor her hangi bir sorunda olmuyor fakat detaya inildiğinde toprak bağlantısının bir çok faydası olduğu çıkar neyse uzatmayalım&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
“-” gnd bağlantısı için bahsettiğim bağlantı şekli (&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ayrı, birleşik&lt;/em&gt;) “+” artı bağlantısı içinde olabilir bunada dikkat edin ayrıca yukarıda ki şemalarda tüm gnd bölümlerinin birleştrileceğinden bahsettim ama opto kublör, röle gibi elemanlar ile izole edilen devrelerde bu geçerli değildir zaten o devrelerde iki farklı besleme olur durumu çözersiniz…&lt;/div&gt;
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Ayrıca bazı devrelerde gnd bağlantısı belirtilmez ama belirtilmedi diye bağlanmazsa devre çalışmayacaktır . Bu durumda devre şemasını incelediğinizde gnd bağlantısı olan bir çok malzemenin bir hat üzerinde birleşmiş olduğunu göreceksiniz kondansatörlerin eksi uçları vb. yani illaki yerini belli edecektir :)&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Bazende özellikle op amplı devrelerin şemasında opamp entegresinin gnd ve + artı bağlantılarının belirtilmediği durumlar olabilir mesela direnc, kondansatör gibi pasit elemanların ya da transistörlerin + artı ve gnd bağlantısı bellidir ama entegrenin bağlantıları şemada belirtilmemiş, çizilmemiştir bu durmda kullanılan entegrenin datasheet bilgilerine göre + ve gnd bağlantısı yapılmalıdır yoksa devreniz çalışmaz ayrıca bu durum 40xx serisi cmos ve 74xx serisi TLL entegreler içinde geçerlidir. Yazının ilk bölümünde bu konu hakkında benzer bir soru sorulmuştu o soruyu ve cevabıda ekliyorum&lt;/div&gt;
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Kaynaklar:&lt;a href=&quot;http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Derleyen By Eyyupk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, &#39;Liberation Sans&#39;, &#39;Nimbus Sans L&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: Segoe UI, Helvetica Neue, Liberation Sans, Nimbus Sans L, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/en-basitinden-temel-elektronik-baslangic-bolum-2/&quot;&gt;http://320volt.com/en-basitinden-temel-elektronik-baslangic-bolum-2/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/2719069001899104891/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/2719069001899104891?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2719069001899104891'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2719069001899104891'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2016/02/multimetre-kullanm-ve-olcme.html' title='Multimetre Kullanımı ve ölçme'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDbECL6cGJpU92dGJTxtf_MTyNerpkzfCLWqBjl_Wc0BTp09Shpy1auoScazYRqNqO0boLGXjgDWW9yrqLqWIrzIGly5ruwMN-5HvEaBRD0_la4XcoLlt-l6175NVr6V90RLc9s5VNlsM/s72-c/olcu-aletleri.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-4020741323561746193</id><published>2013-04-25T12:05:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-10T00:31:34.402-07:00</updated><title type='text'>16F84A BASİT DİJİTAL SAAT DEVRESİ</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
BU DEVRE TARAFIMDAN DENENDİ GAYET GÜZEL ÇALIŞIYOR PROTEUSDA ÇZİLMİŞ DEVRESİ VE BASKI DEVRESİ MEVCUTTUR&lt;br /&gt;
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Aşağıdaki devreyi 7 segment displayin bağlantılarını anlamanız için koyuyorum&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVfb4TQNeDNNhvgh4rYUeNThbLxfdIowDPL-Sq3Fh6BmxJS24Gh94YQPRCXzSxzNRTxiHebc2hndMLTt-X3sydkbcYZCxG54HN-bZxOIE4vZ04XdzFHWZhm4aNK0FHVKuYwgYHWkaj2-o/s1600/1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-pinit=&quot;registered&quot; height=&quot;221&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVfb4TQNeDNNhvgh4rYUeNThbLxfdIowDPL-Sq3Fh6BmxJS24Gh94YQPRCXzSxzNRTxiHebc2hndMLTt-X3sydkbcYZCxG54HN-bZxOIE4vZ04XdzFHWZhm4aNK0FHVKuYwgYHWkaj2-o/s400/1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Similasyonlu devrenin resmi proteus 7.8 de çizildi&lt;br /&gt;
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Baskı devresi&lt;/div&gt;
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Arka&lt;/div&gt;
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Yorumda anotmu katotmu diye soran arkadaşa yanıt&lt;/div&gt;
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Hemen açıklayayım, pin sayısından tasarruf etmek için 7 segment displaylerimizde 7 segment ve 1 nokta dışında 2 tane ortak pin konmuş durumda. 8 pin ile 8 kısmı kontrol ederken ortak kısımlar ile dörder pinin çıkışını sağlayabiliyoruz. Yani diyelim ki siz ekrandaki tüm kısımları yakmak istiyorsunuz normalde 8 giriş 8 çıkış 16 pin olması gerekirken çıkış pinleri 2 ye indirgendiği için 8 giriş 2 çıkış toplamda 10 pini bağlamanız yeterli oluyor. Ortak anot dediğimiz bu ortak pinlerin VCC, ortak katot dediğimiz ise bu ortak pinlerin GND olmasıdır. Örneğin siz ortak anotta 1 yazmak için b ve c pinlerini gnd ye bağlarken iki ortak anotunuzu da 5V a bağlamak zorundasınız. Oysa ortak katot olsaydı ekrana 1 yazabilmek için b ve c pinlerini 5V a iki ortak katotunuzu ise GND a bağlamak zorundasınız.&lt;br /&gt;
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Bir sayının ekrana yazdırılması için a, b, c, d, e, f ve g harfleri ile temsil edilen çubuk LED&#39;ler yakılır. Bu LED&#39;lerin yanması için LED pinlerinin 5 Volt veya 0 Volta çekilmesi gerekir. LED&#39;in yanması için 5 volta mı yoksa 0 volta mı çekilmesi gerektiği, göstergenin türüne göre değişmektedir. Anot göstergelerde ortak uç + 5 volta bağlanır ve yakılmak istenin LED&#39;in pini 0 volt düzeyine çekilir. Katot türündeki bir göstergede ise tam tersi olarak ortak uç toprağa bağlanır ve yakılmak istenilen LED&#39;in pini 5 Volt düzeyine çekilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Not&lt;/strong&gt;: Elektronik parça satıcılarından gösterge almak istediğinizde size ilk olarak ortak anot mu yoksa ortak katot mu istediğiniz sorulur. Bu yüzden malzemeleri satın almadan önce kullanacağınız göstergenin türünü belirlemelisiniz.Bu devreye göre anot kullanın.&lt;/div&gt;
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Orijinal link :&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.josepino.com/microcontroller/led_clock&quot;&gt;http://www.josepino.com/?led_clock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Dosyalarını indirmek için &lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByEegV6wbxiTbEsxeGE2c1NFS00/view?usp=sharing&quot;&gt;Download/indir&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Proteus ve hex dosyası yenilendi)&lt;span id=&quot;goog_1008617759&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Veya hex dosyası İndir&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.josepino.com/files/JP8410-4demo.hex&quot;&gt;http://www.josepino.com/files/JP8410-4demo.hex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/4020741323561746193/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/4020741323561746193?isPopup=true' title='25 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/4020741323561746193'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/4020741323561746193'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/04/16f84a-basit-dijital-saat-devresi.html' title='16F84A BASİT DİJİTAL SAAT DEVRESİ'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVfb4TQNeDNNhvgh4rYUeNThbLxfdIowDPL-Sq3Fh6BmxJS24Gh94YQPRCXzSxzNRTxiHebc2hndMLTt-X3sydkbcYZCxG54HN-bZxOIE4vZ04XdzFHWZhm4aNK0FHVKuYwgYHWkaj2-o/s72-c/1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>25</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-719193131229550666</id><published>2013-04-16T09:36:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2013-04-17T23:20:05.512-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Yeni Devre elemanı Çizme (New Companent Symbol)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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Örnek LM3590 &#39;ı Çizelim Datasheet özelliklerini aşağıdadır&lt;/div&gt;
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ÇİZDİĞİNİZ GÖVDEYE ÇİFT TIKLAYIN İSİM VERİN ve Referance Prefix İSİM VERİN YOKSA GÖZÜKMEZ&lt;/div&gt;
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ÖRNEK 2&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, &#39;Palatino Linotype&#39;, Palatino, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;&quot;&gt;Ardından daha önce çizmiş olduğunuz gövdeye temas edecek şekilde mouseu kullanarak pinleri yerleştirin. Dikkat, pinlerin çarpı şeklindeki uçları dış tarafta kalmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, &#39;Palatino Linotype&#39;, Palatino, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;&quot;&gt;Şimdi pinlere isim ve numara vermeye geldi sıra. (Her ne kadar yukarıdaki resimde numaralandırılmışı olsa da :) siz) Herbir pinin üzerinde sağ tıklayarak pin özelliklerini belirlemelisiniz(Edit Properties’i tıklayarak). Kullanılan her pinin bir numarası mutlaka olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, &#39;Palatino Linotype&#39;, Palatino, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;&quot;&gt;Sıra yeni komponent adayımızı seçmeye ve son aşamaya getirmeye geldi. Oluşturduğunuz yukarıdaki gibi komponent şemasını pinlerini de içine alacak şekilde mouseunuzun sol tuşunu kullanarak seçin. (Sol tuşa basılı tutarak komponenti içine alacak bir dörtgen oluşturun, böylece komponent seçilmiş olur.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, &#39;Palatino Linotype&#39;, Palatino, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;Sıra komponentin PCB footprintini belirlemeye geldiğinde, kütüphanenizden, yeni komponent için uygun footprinti seçin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/719193131229550666/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/719193131229550666?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/719193131229550666'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/719193131229550666'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/04/yeni-devre-eleman-cizme-new-companent.html' title='Yeni Devre elemanı Çizme (New Companent Symbol)'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj27wjk7C7mm9-gqXWKvWY9nd6aNy1oyem-cnm3hbx-LhAyitEezNX799eG_KhrV77AFVakNSgxzy8abusIKKfr2BdM2NcJLmGiZYQwQTrWaRC8oWoQTvu5csjn4u9qHNJQxooJAEJiCqM/s72-c/images.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-1271562939810181454</id><published>2013-04-15T13:47:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2013-04-16T09:38:53.273-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Devre Elemanına Pcb Karşılığı Ekleme</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;415&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/-a-6I_mEA00&quot; width=&quot;460&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/1271562939810181454/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/1271562939810181454?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/1271562939810181454'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/1271562939810181454'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/04/devre-elemanna-pcb-karslg-ekleme.html' title='Devre Elemanına Pcb Karşılığı Ekleme'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/-a-6I_mEA00/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-2832368627015146320</id><published>2013-04-11T12:44:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2013-04-12T13:30:28.921-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Devre Elemanı Ekleme - İsis&#39;e Aktarma - Baskı Devresi Çıkarma</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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Devre Elemanı Yerleştirme&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_BPIGexXH3InwyM8Xy2CS-DjBnlyRpZ7OnuDSpDkaACcjGVkyriZICoL0Rn5KIQ_qA-0RJrN6ZmDdrIjwEiaZ2VsiZxPgDsOuka3XDZgk1v3DY3U0IxcMRDJiLti1UbWssNUQlpnUTsA/s1600/elemanyerle%C5%9Ftirme.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;237&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_BPIGexXH3InwyM8Xy2CS-DjBnlyRpZ7OnuDSpDkaACcjGVkyriZICoL0Rn5KIQ_qA-0RJrN6ZmDdrIjwEiaZ2VsiZxPgDsOuka3XDZgk1v3DY3U0IxcMRDJiLti1UbWssNUQlpnUTsA/s400/elemanyerle%C5%9Ftirme.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;İsis&#39;e Aktarma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Ares Tıklayın bacakları atanmışsa hatasız elemanlar arese geçecektir&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUyvbmM903IyfwnFUGRdIe8UkWGCvwrwrjIYsgKFB770ujwdgMwSQGk3kyg3_7XggdMWlg_Eb8Zg-LDpxXt9EwM9NLMbR-HnBpGelPzzqrFhuQjTEG0JhYlrHvaX-IPUn8VBgdmsRxaoA/s1600/bask%C4%B1devrehaz%C4%B1rlama1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;48&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUyvbmM903IyfwnFUGRdIe8UkWGCvwrwrjIYsgKFB770ujwdgMwSQGk3kyg3_7XggdMWlg_Eb8Zg-LDpxXt9EwM9NLMbR-HnBpGelPzzqrFhuQjTEG0JhYlrHvaX-IPUn8VBgdmsRxaoA/s400/bask%C4%B1devrehaz%C4%B1rlama1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Baskı devre alanını belirleyin(kare seçim-yuvarlak seçim)&lt;/div&gt;
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Broad edge seçin&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX80fO2HO5NMzeQ79J4XayhJpL3PV0q49PprO66W9rgPyH3-p6tsD2BgyOghoF8frqY8kYgcGoYcK0KogiSC_BGKVwpHOmp8EYJYStsdBPjFj7CSb-zOpX_T8uNO8q0TVyrfFqg7lBpIw/s1600/bask%C4%B1devrehaz%C4%B1rlama2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX80fO2HO5NMzeQ79J4XayhJpL3PV0q49PprO66W9rgPyH3-p6tsD2BgyOghoF8frqY8kYgcGoYcK0KogiSC_BGKVwpHOmp8EYJYStsdBPjFj7CSb-zOpX_T8uNO8q0TVyrfFqg7lBpIw/s640/bask%C4%B1devrehaz%C4%B1rlama2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;124&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Auto Placer Seçimi devrenizi baskı yüzeyine kendi belirlediği seçimle gelişi güzel aktarır&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
İsterseniz devre elemanlarının yerini kendiniz değiştire bilirsiniz&lt;/div&gt;
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Yol Kalınlıklarını design rule managerden ayarlanır sinyal(signal) taşıyan yollar ince güç(power) taşıyan yollar kalın olarak ayarlayabilirsiniz.top copper ön yüzeyi bottom copper arka yüzeyi trace style yol kalınlığını belirler.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHkGdR_g_DAp2wWOj-MizFV0SSwaL6PpOJTHg22BtfGwulGlE6Dvm2SQDc6WvAMaVj_kfOjtlFQYGd29sZ-5bhEBDyQl4mCJkRrONREzTdTJ2-Vo-czrfiK5fKa8N1e7ZFI1uY89Emt6o/s1600/otomatikte+yol+kal%C4%B1nl%C4%B1klar%C4%B1+ayar%C4%B1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;236&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHkGdR_g_DAp2wWOj-MizFV0SSwaL6PpOJTHg22BtfGwulGlE6Dvm2SQDc6WvAMaVj_kfOjtlFQYGd29sZ-5bhEBDyQl4mCJkRrONREzTdTJ2-Vo-czrfiK5fKa8N1e7ZFI1uY89Emt6o/s400/otomatikte+yol+kal%C4%B1nl%C4%B1klar%C4%B1+ayar%C4%B1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Tools Menüsünden Auto router tıklayarak pcb yollarını otomatik atayabilirsiniz&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEKcJLuUSd3EWLggZjto8NeJLKNslgiCtO6VuZJ9WxvcAJMeRz7sgsFe9gTg0qCC7EkUbrzc65zX2IwDoIdAuVS5EtEvi_0Xuv4Z6kJ3A5_XRUvHmbEQ_YNlUgY6RaO-4E1XO_4Z6gLy8/s1600/bask%C4%B1devrehaz%C4%B1rlama6.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;238&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEKcJLuUSd3EWLggZjto8NeJLKNslgiCtO6VuZJ9WxvcAJMeRz7sgsFe9gTg0qCC7EkUbrzc65zX2IwDoIdAuVS5EtEvi_0Xuv4Z6kJ3A5_XRUvHmbEQ_YNlUgY6RaO-4E1XO_4Z6gLy8/s400/bask%C4%B1devrehaz%C4%B1rlama6.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Pcb yi pdf olarak çıktısını almak için OUTPUT MENÜSÜNDEN EXPORT PDF veya Bu proramı indirip Sanal yazıcı olarak kurun aşağıdaki işlemi yapın&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
----&amp;gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/PDF_Writer.rar&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Plaketin Arka ve Ön yüzeyine yüzeyine baskı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Track mode-Yol Kalınlığı(örn:T10)- Bottom Copper-(mavi çizim arka yüzeye baskı)- Top Copper (Kırmızı Çizgi Ön yüzeye baskı)&lt;br /&gt;
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3d ön yüzey&lt;br /&gt;
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3d Arka Yüzey&lt;br /&gt;
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Yolları ters çevirmek için tools menüsünden -power plane generator-&lt;/div&gt;
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(gnd+power)&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/2832368627015146320/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/2832368627015146320?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2832368627015146320'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2832368627015146320'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/04/devre-eleman-ekleme-isise-aktarma-bask.html' title='Devre Elemanı Ekleme - İsis&#39;e Aktarma - Baskı Devresi Çıkarma'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_BPIGexXH3InwyM8Xy2CS-DjBnlyRpZ7OnuDSpDkaACcjGVkyriZICoL0Rn5KIQ_qA-0RJrN6ZmDdrIjwEiaZ2VsiZxPgDsOuka3XDZgk1v3DY3U0IxcMRDJiLti1UbWssNUQlpnUTsA/s72-c/elemanyerle%C5%9Ftirme.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-2450435547931888779</id><published>2013-04-11T11:44:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2013-04-16T09:37:09.651-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Proteus-İsis  Öğreniyorum</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/04/devre-eleman-ekleme-isise-aktarma-bask.html&quot;&gt;Devre Elemanı Ekleme - İsis&#39;e Aktarma - Baskı Devresi Çıkarma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/04/yeni-devre-eleman-cizme-new-companent.html&quot;&gt;Yeni Devre elemanı Çizme (New Companent Symbol)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/2450435547931888779/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/2450435547931888779?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2450435547931888779'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/2450435547931888779'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/04/proteus-isis-ogreniyorum.html' title='Proteus-İsis  Öğreniyorum'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-3967188191609101281</id><published>2013-04-08T14:05:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2013-04-12T22:52:52.865-07:00</updated><title type='text'>PROTEUS &#39;A  YENİ DEVRE ELEMANI EKLEME</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;Proteus(ISIS-ARES) Programında Yeni Eleman Oluşturma Adımları&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Proteus programı ile devre şeması ve baskı devre çıkarma işlemleri yapılırken Proteus kütüphanesinde yer almayan elemanların oluşturulması gerekir. Yeni eleman oluşturulurken ISIS programında elemanın devre şemasında kullanılacak sembolü, ARES programında ise baskı devre plaketi üzerinde yer alacak elemanın şekli gerçek boyutlarına göre olmalı ve yine elemanın pinler arası mesafesinin gerçek ölçülerde olması gerekir.&lt;/div&gt;
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ISIS programı çalıştırılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsAf37TEE2QBksMmrcynbWEJeN263bFfmb7a0l1rciC0FblrMCIscnfbfEI-xmHKOZe2AjgUj-uOZkEOoZhmm3fXbkVIuSFqfbOFWyoWOQECTeMdlP47q4Sl3NwpeYRmh1AyFAXh2bI64/s1600/islem19.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsAf37TEE2QBksMmrcynbWEJeN263bFfmb7a0l1rciC0FblrMCIscnfbfEI-xmHKOZe2AjgUj-uOZkEOoZhmm3fXbkVIuSFqfbOFWyoWOQECTeMdlP47q4Sl3NwpeYRmh1AyFAXh2bI64/s400/islem19.jpg&quot; width=&quot;251&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: red;&quot;&gt;Make Device&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Yeni eleman oluşturulmasını sağlar. Bu işlem, ekrana gelen ve bünyesinde birden fazla sayfa barındıran bir yeni eleman oluşturma sihirbazı tarafından gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu sihirbazın içeriğinden daha sonra yeni eleman oluşturma kısmında bahsedilecektir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: red;&quot;&gt;Make Symbol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Yeni sembol oluşturulmasını sağlar. Bu komut ile, grafik araçları vasıtasıyla çizilmiş ve seçili hale getirilmiş olan bir nesne daha sonra da kullanılmak üzere sembol olarak kaydedilebilir. Bu komutun kullanılmasıyla şekil 3.17’deki diyalog kutusu karşımıza gelecektir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Symbol name alanına oluşturulacak olan yeni sembole verilecek olan isim girilir. Type kısmından oluşturulacak olan sembolün çeşidi belirlenirken, Library kısmından ise sembolün kaydedileceği kütüphanenin seçimi yapılmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Match Names kısmı arama işlemini yapılandırmakta kullanılır. Bu alandan Exactly seçilirse elemanın tam ismine göre, Begining with text seçilirse girilen isim ile başlayan elemanlar için, Containing text seçilirse ismi içerisinde girilen harfler bulunan, Ending with text seçilirse de ismi girilen harfler ile biten elemanlar için arama yaptırılır. Only Compare Digits ise kontrolün sadece parça ismindeki sayılar için yapılmasını sağlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqJF70EkeIwkQzAAKlKH446bJikIfChMPKgjlpm5ja1SZhy8PKDrxWvEnQBvK25Ow5YAooD_oWFIsWNJKHhXEdmCqiBREvi8BAToyZNhR3gdzAac5luZYMc7Qhku_11lTc4W20HSjLPCs/s1600/hayrouz0.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;337&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqJF70EkeIwkQzAAKlKH446bJikIfChMPKgjlpm5ja1SZhy8PKDrxWvEnQBvK25Ow5YAooD_oWFIsWNJKHhXEdmCqiBREvi8BAToyZNhR3gdzAac5luZYMc7Qhku_11lTc4W20HSjLPCs/s400/hayrouz0.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: red;&quot;&gt;Packaging Tool&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot;&gt;Seçilen elemanın kılıf yapısı ile ilgili işlemlerin yapılmasını sağlar. Şekil 3.18’deki diyalog kutusu ile yeni oluşturulan ve herhangi bir kılıfa sahip olmayan bir elemana kılıf atama işlemi gerçekleştirilebildiği gibi bir veya birden fazla kılıfa sahip olan mevcut bir elemanın kılıf özellikleri ile ilgili çeşitli değişiklikler de yapılabilmektedir.&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;Diyalog kutusu üzerinde bulunan Packagings kısmı elemana atanan kılıf yada kılıfların bir listesini görüntüler. Bunun hemen sağında yer alan Add komutu ile seçili elemana yeni bir kılıf atama işlemi gerçekleştirilmekte, Rename komutu ile elemanın sahip olduğu kılıflardan herhangi birisi yeni bir kılıf ile değiştirilebilmektedir. Default Package işaret kutusu işaretli durumda iken mevcut kılıflardan o an için seçili bulunanı, ISIS’ta hazırlanan tasarım ARES’e aktarılırken varsayılan kılıf olarak belirleyecektir. Delete komutu elemana atanmış bulunan mevcut kılıfların silinmesini sağlamakta, Order komutu ise eğer eleman birden fazla kılıfa sahip ise bu kılıfların sıralanmasını sağlar. Add Pin komutu belirlenen kılıf yapısına uygun olarak pin eklememizi sağlarken, Remove Pin komutu ise mevcut herhangi bir pinin silinmesi işlemini gerçekleştirir.&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;No.Of Gates alanı ise bünyesinde birden fazla aynı özelliğe sahip parça ihtiva eden (opamlar gibi) elemanlar için parça sayısını belirtir. Hemen bunun yanında bulunan Gates (elements) can be swapped on the PCB layout? İşaret kutusu ARES’te baskı devre hazırlanırken bu parçalar için Gateswap özelliğinin kullanılıp kullanılmayacağını belirler. Bunun hemen altındaki alanda ise elemanımızın pinleri ve bu pinlere ait pin numarası, pin çeşidi, pinin gizli olarak görüntülenme durumu ve yine Gateswap özelliğinde kullanılmak üzere pinlerin ait olduğu parçalar gibi çeşitli özellikleri görüntülenmektedir.&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;Kullanılmayan (bağlanmamış olan) pinler, NC Pins alanına aralarına virgül konularak girilir. Bu özellik, girilen pin yada pinlerin, kılıfın şekli görüntülenirken belirgin bir şekilde gösterilmesini sağlar. Bu hataya izin vermemek açısından kullanışlı bir özelliktir.&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;Swapable Pins alanı, ARES’te baskı devre hazırlanırken kullanılmak üzere Pinswap özelliğinin kullanılabileceği pinlerin belirlenmesini sağlar. Bu pinler, pinlerin listelendiği alandan seçilerek Swapable Pins alanının hemen sağında yer alan Add komutu kullanılarak Swapable Pins alanına girilebilir, Remove komutu kullanılarak silinebilir ve Replace komutu kullanılarak ise değiştirilebilirler.&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;Use ARES Libraries işaret kutusu varsayılan olarak seçili durumdadır. Kılıflar için ARES kütüphanesinin kullanılmasını sağlar. Bu kısım yalnız ARES haricindeki başka bir baskı devre çizim programında kullanılmak üzere tasarımlar gerçekleştirilirken seçilmemiş konuma alınabilir.&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important;&quot; /&gt;Diyalog kutusunun sağ alt kısmında yer alan Assign Package(s) komutu, yukarıda belirtilen değişiklikler onaylanarak, Cancel komutu ise değişiklikler onaylanmadan diyalog kutusundan çıkışı sağlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/3967188191609101281/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/3967188191609101281?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/3967188191609101281'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/3967188191609101281'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/04/proteus-yeni-devre-elemani-ekleme.html' title='PROTEUS &#39;A  YENİ DEVRE ELEMANI EKLEME'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEWdz64g7wg1l8TeUhWCSwVsRJhfHoLK9OAM0uRKG5ShEzLI-grhsjoVwId-0drpm5iSkEHRtn55LtYRfnHHM-ez3cSK3CrX5tmeom5Y_ob_4emqH3STWty7W_oug1_qYQcvqSZfFjNpQ/s72-c/islem02.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-497967823527253351</id><published>2013-03-26T10:56:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2016-11-16T01:06:53.027-08:00</updated><title type='text'>16F84A DİJİTAL SAAT</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/8880198372664462352/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/8880198372664462352?isPopup=true' title='3 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/8880198372664462352'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/8880198372664462352'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/03/16f84a-2-adet-step-motor-kontrolu.html' title='16F84A 2 ADET STEP MOTOR KONTROLÜ'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE3gQDrmHefSZVSG15dzZWctpzU4TxLluFpQftpqXqjQqfO2sL5QhDbfvm-pmrmjHLO5tMK-FbkFdS-Hb49dAw9FefTEJ8vwFt-ZFULljSvNQ7jvbHWpfi8DHq1PCukpB7-LmQoLfJAGw/s72-c/2stepmotorkontrol%C3%BC.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-4209125993966192762</id><published>2013-03-23T03:42:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-03-23T03:42:34.183-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pic Programlama Kitapları</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNSCY9awl_SLTuvHfu8nbLVyn0wF_-eM7nweyglZCqqXEDHkmQwsV_p9ILdiKm0WotDQe7dI_SpuZK9ptxlOHVtiT2bDBLrD1hbQb1K2MxzdFSXnbHRAH4j3Zw3MlXSytByOoRc-BoCwI/s1600/pic_programlama.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNSCY9awl_SLTuvHfu8nbLVyn0wF_-eM7nweyglZCqqXEDHkmQwsV_p9ILdiKm0WotDQe7dI_SpuZK9ptxlOHVtiT2bDBLrD1hbQb1K2MxzdFSXnbHRAH4j3Zw3MlXSytByOoRc-BoCwI/s400/pic_programlama.jpg&quot; width=&quot;289&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Pic Basic Pro Kurs Notları &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Pdf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/kurs%20notlar%C4%B1.rar&quot;&gt;İndir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/4209125993966192762/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/4209125993966192762?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/4209125993966192762'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/4209125993966192762'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/03/pic-programlama-kitaplar.html' title='Pic Programlama Kitapları'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNSCY9awl_SLTuvHfu8nbLVyn0wF_-eM7nweyglZCqqXEDHkmQwsV_p9ILdiKm0WotDQe7dI_SpuZK9ptxlOHVtiT2bDBLrD1hbQb1K2MxzdFSXnbHRAH4j3Zw3MlXSytByOoRc-BoCwI/s72-c/pic_programlama.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-6688140051596972892</id><published>2013-03-23T03:06:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2013-03-23T03:15:40.039-07:00</updated><title type='text'>16F84A Dc Motor Kontrolü</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Hız ayarı&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxkh5Je0QBr0o8gPCLnDH9NK_rCD4fBFz7Y0AsHdP2DFF2zQwIaj4eSsPz_vfAaO_pb6Mk5X6vE40TgPcZNsVPFCRHT6MMJdPoFYN5ecWa0kCQdtes7dXgEpjLNHr-MsD11dcLTHFkxcI/s1600/Ba%C5%9Fl%C4%B1ks%C4%B1z-2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;341&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxkh5Je0QBr0o8gPCLnDH9NK_rCD4fBFz7Y0AsHdP2DFF2zQwIaj4eSsPz_vfAaO_pb6Mk5X6vE40TgPcZNsVPFCRHT6MMJdPoFYN5ecWa0kCQdtes7dXgEpjLNHr-MsD11dcLTHFkxcI/s400/Ba%C5%9Fl%C4%B1ks%C4%B1z-2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/motor.rar&quot;&gt;asm ve hex dosyaları&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Sağa sola ve dur dc motor&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipcgDdF745sO8hPwo3igK7v9dGIfcjZJHiXBy56UklQtvvl36gtiwlP231akpVvUeoD0BzkBJ23CqV5K215lAEkYmmPHpGdWc9zWhR0BDUSqirtdetTDJP-vzWYxNpn7lfMDK9ePKtva0/s1600/Ba%C5%9Fl%C4%B1ks%C4%B1z-2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;198&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipcgDdF745sO8hPwo3igK7v9dGIfcjZJHiXBy56UklQtvvl36gtiwlP231akpVvUeoD0BzkBJ23CqV5K215lAEkYmmPHpGdWc9zWhR0BDUSqirtdetTDJP-vzWYxNpn7lfMDK9ePKtva0/s400/Ba%C5%9Fl%C4%B1ks%C4%B1z-2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/motor2.rar&quot;&gt;asm ve hex dosyaları&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/6688140051596972892/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/6688140051596972892?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/6688140051596972892'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/6688140051596972892'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/03/16f84a-dc-motor-kontrolu.html' title='16F84A Dc Motor Kontrolü'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxkh5Je0QBr0o8gPCLnDH9NK_rCD4fBFz7Y0AsHdP2DFF2zQwIaj4eSsPz_vfAaO_pb6Mk5X6vE40TgPcZNsVPFCRHT6MMJdPoFYN5ecWa0kCQdtes7dXgEpjLNHr-MsD11dcLTHFkxcI/s72-c/Ba%C5%9Fl%C4%B1ks%C4%B1z-2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-8482518003645957097</id><published>2013-03-19T15:25:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2013-03-19T15:25:16.102-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Açıklamalı .asm örnekleri</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA7j_cmDyJlhscK9Va0EwSdcXlswdotAnGq2KNxGkDncZx7VDWkdXp_W0MDt6jHCXNrgk2C9sBAhj3uTgltJ_qarMGvcgVFwJYfQGjklAKPDSWkySy-EyrNvf_bJ2upOKFa6iBwxkEO5s/s1600/school-assembly-color.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;223&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA7j_cmDyJlhscK9Va0EwSdcXlswdotAnGq2KNxGkDncZx7VDWkdXp_W0MDt6jHCXNrgk2C9sBAhj3uTgltJ_qarMGvcgVFwJYfQGjklAKPDSWkySy-EyrNvf_bJ2upOKFa6iBwxkEO5s/s320/school-assembly-color.gif&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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PICTEST1.ASM: Program ilk olarak PIC16F628A’ya B port’unun 8 ucunu da çıkış olarak tanıtacak. Daha sonra bu port’un ilk dört bit’ini lojik 1, sonraki dört bit’ini de lojik 0 yapacak. Son olarak program sonsuz bir döngüye girecektir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG1.ASM : MOVLW ve MOVWF komutlarının çalışmasını gösteren örnek program. PIC’e enerji verildiğinde PORTB’ye bağlı 8 adet LED’i birer aralıklı olarak yakan program.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG2.ASM : MOVF komutunun çalışmasını gösteren örnek program. PortA’nın RA0, RA1, RA2 ve RA4 uçlarından girilen veriyi okuyup, PortB’de aynı numaralı bit’lere karşılık gelen LED’lerde gösteren program.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG3.ASM : PIC16F628A’nın 16 ucunu I/O ucu olarak kullanmaya örnek program. A port’unun tüm uçlarından (RA3 hariç) girilen gerilim “0” olduğu (butonlar basılı tutulduğunda) sürece, B port’unda o butona karşılık gelen LED’i söndüren program. B port’unun RB3 ucuna bağlı buton basılı tutulduğu sürece de RA3’e bağlı LED’i yakar. PROG2.ASM’de A port’unu devamlı olarak okumak için programı yeniden başlatmak amacıyla RESET butonuna basmak gerekiyordu. Programın bu eksikliğini gidermek için programın akışını “BASLA” etiketine gönderip, sonsuz döngüyü buraya kurmak gerekiyor.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG4.ASM : BTFSC ve BTFSS komutlarının çalışmasını gösteren program. PortA’nın 0. bitine bağlı butona basınca PortB’nin 0. bit’indeki LED’i söndürür, PortA’nın 4. bit’indeki butona basınca da aynı LED’i yakar.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG5.ASM : DECFSZ kullanılarak döngü düzenlemeye örnek program. A port’unun 0. bit’ine bağlı butona 10 defa bastıktan sonra B port’unun 0. bit’ine bağlı olan LED’i yakan program. NOT: PIC’e uygulanan saat frekansı çok yüksek olursa bu program istenilen biçimde çalışmayacaktır. Bunun nedeni işlem basamaklarında açıklanmıştır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG6.ASM : DECFSZ komutu kullanarak zaman gecikme döngüsü düzenlemeye örnek program. A port’unun 0. bit’indeki butona bastıkça B port’undaki LED’leri binary 9?dan 0?a kadar azaltarak yakar. Butonda meydana gelebilecek arktan ve butona basış süresinin uzunluğundan oluşacak “0” seviyesine düşmeler DECFSZ komutu ile yapılan basit bir zaman gecikme döngüsü ile elenmiştir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG7.ASM : SUBLW komutunun çalışmasını gösteren örnek program. Program h’05’ sayısından h’04’ sayısı çıkardıktan sonra STATUS saklayıcıda meydana gelen bit değişikliklerini portB’deki 8 LED’de gösterir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG8.ASM : SUBWF komutu kullanılarak oluşturulan döngüye örnek program. Bu programda SAYAC adlı bir saklayıcının içerisine döngünün tekrar sayısı konulmuştur. Döngünün her tekrarında INCF komutuyla SAYAC içerisindeki değer bir arttırılır. SUBWF komutuyla W saklayıcı içerisindeki sabit sayı karşılaştırılır. Karşılaştırma sonunda etkilenen sıfır (Zero) bayrağı kontrol edilerek döngü sona erdirilir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG9.ASM : Çift döngülü zaman geciktirme alt programına örnek program. PortB’ye bağlı olan tüm LED’leri belirli zaman aralıklarıyla yakıp-söndürür.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG10.ASM : RA0 ucuna bağlı butona basınca PORTB saklayıcısındaki sayıyı “1” arttıran, RA7 ucundaki butona basınca da “1” azaltan program. Program ilk çalışmaya başladığında PORTB’deki hiçbir LED yanmayacaktır. Butonlara bastıkça değişen sayılar PORTB’ye bağlı olan LED’lerde binary sayısal düzeninde yanacaktır. Bu programda gecikme alt programı buton arkını elemek ve butona basılma süresini kontrol etmek amacıyla kullanılmıştır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG11.ASM : RLF komutunun çalışmasını gösteren program. PortB’ye bağlı 8 LED üzerindeki bir LED’in yanışını belirli aralıklarla kaydırır (D0?dan D7?ye doğru). Yanarak kayan LED en sona geldiğinde tüm LED’ler sönük kalır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG12.ASM : RLF ve RRF komutlarını kullanılmasına örnek program. PortB’ye bağlı olan 8 LED üzerinde bir LED’in yanışını sürekli olarak sağa-sola kaydırır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG13.ASM : COMF komutunun çalışmasına örnek program. PortB’deki LED’leri dönüşümlü olarak ilk önce ilk dört bit’indeki, sonra da son dört bit’indeki LED’leri yakar.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG14.ASM : ANDLW ve XORWF komutlarının kullanılmasına örnek program. PortA’nın 0. ve 4. bit’lerine bağlı olan RA0 ve RA4 butonlarının her ikisi birden basılı olduğunda PortB’nin 0. bit’ine bağlı LED’i yakar.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG15.ASM : ADDLW komutunun çalışmasını gösteren örnek program. W saklayıcı içerisindeki h’5A” sayısıyla, h’53? sayısını toplayıp, sunucu B port’undaki LED’lerde gösteren program. STATUS saklayıcının 0. bit’i (carry bit’i) “1” olduğunda RA3 ucuna bağlı LED yanar.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG16.ASM : 16 bit’lik iki sayının toplanmasına örnek program. h’61A3? ve h’2EE0? sayılarını toplar. Program çalıştığında toplamın alt bayt’ı PortB’deki LED’lerde görülür. Üst bayt’ın toplamını görmek için RA0 butonuna basılır.2 bayt’lık h’61A3? sayısına A, h’2EE0? sayısına da B dersek, bu sayıları 1 bayt’lık veri depolayabilen 2 tane saklayıcı kullanmamız gerekir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG17.ASM : 8-bit’lik sayıların çıkarılmasına örnek program (büyük sayıdan küçük sayıyı çıkarma). PORTB saklayıcısı içerisindeki h’5A’ sayısından W saklayıcı içerisindeki h’53’ sayısını çıkarır, sonucu PORTB’ye bağlı LED’lerde gösteriri. Çıkarma sonucunun negatif veya pozitif olduğunu RA3’e bağlı LED’de gösterir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG18.ASM : 8-bit’lik sayıların çıkarılmasına örnek program (küçük sayıdan büyük sayıyı çıkarma). PORTB saklayıcısı içerisindeki h’52’ sayısından W saklayıcısı içerisindeki h’53’ sayısını çıkaran, sonucu PORTB’ye bağlı LED’lerde gösteren program.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG19.ASM : 16-bit’lik sayıların çıkarılmasına örnek program (büyük sayıdan küçük sayıyı çıkarma). h’0004? sayısından h’0001? sayısını çıkaran program. Program çalıştığında çıkarma sonucunun alt bayt’ı PortB’deki LED’lerde görülür. Üst bayt’ı görmek için RA0 butonuna basılır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG20.ASM : Çevrim tablosu kullanmaya örnek program. 7 segment display üzerinde “5? sayısını gösterir. NOT: Program 5 sayısına karşılık gelen h’6D’ sayısını seçmek için kullanılan PC ve çevrim tablolarının kullanılmasını açıklaması bakımından önemlidir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG21.ASM : PORTB’nin uçlarına bağlı 7 segment display’de 0~F arasında saydıran program. Sayılar arasındaki duruş GECIKME alt programı tarafından sağlanmıştır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG22.ASM : Bipolar (4 uçlu) bir step motoru bir yöne doğru RA0 butonuna bastıkça adım adım döndüren program. Step motor uçlarına gönderilecek gerilimler PORTB’deki RB0~RB3 uçlarına bağlanan LED’lerde görülür.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG23.ASM : Çevrim tablosunun kullanılmasına örnek program. Bir step motoru PORTA’nın 0. bit’ine bağlı RA0 butonuna basınca sağa doğru döndüren, RA7 butonu basılı tutularak RA0 butonuna basıldığında da sola döndürür. Step motor uçlarına gönderilecek olan gerilimler PORTB’deki LED’lerde görülür.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG24.ASM : RB0/INT ucundan girilen bir sinyal ile kesme oluşturulmasına örnek program. Akış diyagramında da görüldüğü gibi RB1 ucuna bağlı olan bir LED ana program içerisinde belirli aralıklarla yanıp söndürülmektedir. RB0/INT ucuna bağlı bir butona basınca kesme oluşturulur. Kesme alt programı çalışarak RB2 LED’inin yanma durumunu değiştirir (yanıksa söndürür, sönükse yakar.) Bu da ana program normal olarak çalışırken harici bir kesme meydana geldiğinde programın buna tepki verdiğini ve RB2 LED’nin durumunu değiştirdiğini gösterir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG25.ASM : RB&lt;4:7&gt; lojik seviye değişiklik kesmesine örnek program. Ana program içerisinde RA3 ucuna bağlı bir LED belirli aralıklarla yakıp söndürülmektedir. RB4~RB7 uçlarına bağlı butonlardan birisine basınca oluşan kesme alt programıyla PORTB’nin üst 4 bit’i okunmaktadır. Okunan bu dört bit PORTB’nin alt dört bit’ine bağlı LED’lerde gösterilmektedir. Böylece RA3’teki LED’in yanıp sönmesi devam ederken, PORTB’nin üst 4 bit’i (RB&lt;4:7&gt;) okuyup, PORTB’nin alt 4 bit’ine gönderilerek kesme oluşturma yoluyla PIC’in işlem yapma kapasitesi arttırılmış olur.&lt;/4:7&gt;&lt;/4:7&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG26.ASM : TMR0 zamanlayıcısının dahili komut frekansı ile saymasının sağlanmasına örnek program. RB0 ve RB1 uçlarına bağlı LED’leri 1’er sn aralıklarla birini yakıp diğerini söndüren ve bu işlemi her kesme oluştuğunda devamlı olarak tekrar eden program.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG27.ASM : TMR0 sayıcısının sinyal kaynağı olarak harici dijital sinyal (RA4/T0CKI ucu) kullanılmasına örnek program. Ayrıca TMR0?ın okunabilme ve sinyal sayıcı olarak kullanılabilme özelliğini de gösterir. Program, PORTA’nın 4. bit’ine bağlı olan butona (RA4) basıldığında PORTB’deki LED’lerde binary olarak artan sayıları gösterir. LED’lerin gösterdiği sayı 31’e ulaştıktan sonra bir daha butona basınca TMR0 saklayıcısını sıfırlar ve saymaya 0?dan itibaren tekrar başlatır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG28.ASM : TMR1 sayıcısının kullanılmasına örnek program. Prog26.asm’de TMR0 ile yaptığımız programı bu defa TMR1 zamanlayıcısıyla yapılması. Timer-1 16 bit’lik bir sayıcı olduğundan önceki programda yaptığımız sapma hatasını bu programda sıfıra indirebileceğimizi göreceksiniz. Şimdi 10 mS’de bir kesme oluşması için TMR1’in hangi sayıdan başlatılacağını bulduktan sonra 8 bit’lik TMRH ve TMRL saklayıcılarına bu sayının program içerisinde nasıl yükleneceğini görelim. Programın akış diyagramı prog26.asm ile aynıdır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG29.ASM : TMR2 zamanlayıcısının kullanılmasına örnek program. Prog26.asm ve prog28.asm’de yapılan programın aynısının TMR2 nasıl yapılacağını ve bu zamanlayıcının temel kullanım özelliklerini gösterir. Programda RB0 ve RB1 uçlarına bağlı LED’ler 1 sn aralıklarla yanarlar.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG30.ASM : WDT zamanlayıcısının kullanılmasına örnek program. RA0 butonuna 2.3 sn’yi geçmeyen aralıklarla basıldığında RB0’daki bir LED’in devamlı yanmasını sağlar, bu süreden daha uzun aralıklarla basıldığında WDT devreye girerek sistemi reset eder. Sistem reset olduğunda RB3’e bağlı bir buzzer’den uyarı sesi verilir ve program bu noktada sonsuz döngüye girer. Programı tekrar çalıştırmak için MCLR ucundaki butona basmak gerekir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG31.ASM : Uyku (sleep) modununun kullanılmasına örnek program. PIC’e enerji verince PORTB’nin alt 4 bit’ine (RB0, RB1, RB2, RB3) bağlı LED’lerde H’00’dan h’FF’e kadar artan binary sayıları gösteren LED’lerin yanışı görülür. Sayı h’FF’e geldiğinde tekrar H’00’dan saymaya başlar. RA0’a bağlı bir butona basınca tüm LED’ler söner ve PIC uyku moduna girer. PIC’i uyku modundan çıkarmak için RB&lt;4:7&gt; değişiklik kesmesi kullanılır. RB4~RB7 butonlarından birisine basınca LED’ler uyku moduna girdiği anda kaldığı sayıdan itibaren saymaya devam eder.&lt;/4:7&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG32.ASM : “Ortak referanslı iki karşılaştırıcı” moduna örnek program. Bu uygulamada ışığa duyarlı bir çeşit direnç olan LDR kullanılacaktır. Böylece sokak aydınlatmalarının otomatik olarak yapılmasına benzer işlem yaptırılacaktır. RA2 ucuna bağlı bir potansiyometre ile referans gerilimi sağlanmaktadır. RA0 ucuna bağlı bir LDR, RA1 ucuna da bir potansiyometre bağlanmıştır. Karşılaştırma iki ayrı karşılaştırıcıda (C1 ve C2) yapılmaktadır. LDR uçlarındaki ve RA1 potansiyometresindeki gerilim RA2 ucundaki referans gerilimiyle karşılaştırılmaktadır. Karşılaştırma sonucu RB6 ve RB7’deki LED’lerde gösterilmektedir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG33.ASM : “Dahili ortak referanslı dört girişten seçimli iki karşılaştırıcı” moduna örnek program. Programın yaptığı işlem prog32.asm ile aynı olacaktır. Tek farkı, referans geriliminin RA2 potansiyometresinden değil de VREF biriminden alınacak olmasıdır. Bu uygulamada da karşılaştırıcılardan bir tanesine otomatik sokak aydınlatması yaptırılacaktır. LDR uçlarında düşen gerilim ile VREF gerilim karşılaştırılacaktır. Diğer karşılaştırıcıda da VREF gerilimi ile potansiyometre uçlarındaki gerilim karşılaştırılacaktır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG34.ASM : Bar LED frekans sayıcı uygulaması. Bu program CCP1 biriminin yakalama moduna örnektir. RB3 ucuna bağlı bir osilatörün ürettiği kare dalga sinyalinin belirli aralıklardaki frekansını PORTB’deki LED’lerde gösterir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG35.ASM : CCP biriminin karşılaştırma modunda çalıştırılmasına örnek program. CCPR1H:CCPR1L saklayıcılarına h’F0F0’=d’61680’ sayısı yüklendikten sonra TMR1 sayıcısı çalıştırılır. TMR1 sayıcısı bu sayıya her ulaştığında oluşan kesme ile PORTB’deki 8 LED belirli aralıklarla yakıp söndürülür.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG36.ASM : CCP biriminin PWM modunda çalıştırılmasına örnek program. Program çalıştırılınca RB3 ucuna bağlı bir LED’in parlaklığı çok küçük kademeli artışlarla artar, daha sonra azalır. Bu durum enerji kesilinceye kadar devam eder. Programı denemek için gerekli devrede sadece RB3 ucuna bağlı bir LED yeterli olmaktadır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG37.ASM : USART arabirimi ile PIC16F628A’dan bilgisayara veri gönderme işlemine örnek program. Şekil 16-15’deki görülen devreye göre RA0 butonuna her basıldığında önceden tanımlanan 8 bit’lik veri paketleri ardı ardına gönderilerek bilgisayar ekranında “ALTAS” yazdırır.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG38.ASM : USART arabirimi ile bilgisayardan gönderilen verinin PIC16F628A’dan alınması işlemine örnek program. Şekil 16-19’da görülen devreye göre bilgisayar klavyesinden gönderilen karakterlerin ASCII kodu karşılığı olan sayı Hyper terminal programı ile gönderilir. Gönderilen bu sayı PIC16F628A’nın RX ucundan alınarak A port’unun alt dört bit’ine ve B port’unun üst dört bit’ine bağlı olan LED’lerde binary olarak gösterilir.&lt;br /&gt;
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PROG39.ASM : PIC16F628A’nın dahili EEPROM veri belleğine veri yazdırma ve okuma işlemine örnek program. RA0 pin’ine bağlı butona basınca EEPROM’un h’05’ adresine h’8F’ verisini, RA4 pin’indeki butona basınca da EEPROM’un h’05’ adresine h’3D’ verisini yazan, RA7 pin’indeki butona basınca yine h’05’ adresindeki veriyi PortB’deki LED’lerde gösteren program.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;.Asm&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/a%C3%A7%C4%B1klamal%C4%B1%20asm%20%C3%B6rnekleri.rar&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/8482518003645957097/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/8482518003645957097?isPopup=true' title='1 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/8482518003645957097'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/8482518003645957097'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/03/acklamal-asm-ornekleri.html' title='Açıklamalı .asm örnekleri'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA7j_cmDyJlhscK9Va0EwSdcXlswdotAnGq2KNxGkDncZx7VDWkdXp_W0MDt6jHCXNrgk2C9sBAhj3uTgltJ_qarMGvcgVFwJYfQGjklAKPDSWkySy-EyrNvf_bJ2upOKFa6iBwxkEO5s/s72-c/school-assembly-color.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-3356398669729326598</id><published>2013-03-19T11:37:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2013-03-19T11:53:23.676-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pic Basic Öğreniyorum 3</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;9.ders:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;EEPROM VE SENSÖR KULLANIMI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Bu dersimizde Pic ile birlikte dışarıdan bağlı hafıza ünitelerinin kullanılmalarını inceleyeceğiz. Ayrıca pic ile birlikte kullanabileceğimiz bazı sensörler ’in haberleşme sistemlerini inceleyeceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Önce Eeprom Kullanımına bir göz atalım.&lt;/div&gt;
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Normal olarak sıklıkla kullandığımız pic modellerinde flash tipi eeprom bulunmaktadır. Ancak bazen kendi hafızlarının yetmediği durumlarda pic ile birlikte dışarıdan bağlı hafıza üniteleri kullanılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Önce pic’ in kendi eeprom’ u ile nasıl haberleşiyoruz biraz inceleyelim sonra harici eeprom konusuna gireceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
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Pic’ in dahili eepromu’ nun kullanımı ile ilgili birkaç komut var öğrenmeniz gereken. Bunların başında ;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DATA @konum, data, data, data ……&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Komutu gelmektedir. Data, pic’ in programlanması esnasında hafızasının belirli konumlarına önceden belirli olan sabit bazı bilgilerin yazılması için kullanılır. Örneğin şifre kullanan bazı programlarda ilk (default ) şifrenin girilmesi bu yolla yapılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Komutun ilk parametresi @Konum ilk bilginin yazılacağı eeprom adresine aittir. Şayet bilgiler birbirini takip eden hafıza adreslerine yazılacak ise her seferinde adres verilmesi gerekmez. Bir kere başta adres verirsiniz sonra yazılacak bilgileri aralarına virgül koyarak sıralarsınız.&lt;/div&gt;
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Burada dikkat edilecek husus şudur. Pic’ i her çalıştırdığınızda bu bilgilerin ilgili hafıza birimlerine yeniden yazılacak olmasıdır. Dolayısıyla şifre girişi gibi işlemlerde şayet şifreyi program içinden değiştirmiş iseniz ve pici yeniden çalıştırırsanız şifreniz tekrar eskiye dönecektir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Aslında yeri gelmişken bu gibi konuları aşmanın bir tekniğini belirtmek isterim. Ancak bunu diğer hafıza komutlarını inceledikten sonra açıklayacağım. Dahili hafızaya bir bilgi yazmak için;&lt;/div&gt;
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Write adres,Bilgi&lt;/div&gt;
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Şeklinde bir komut kullanırız. Örneğin 0 nolu adrese 12 bilgisini yazmak istersek;&lt;/div&gt;
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Write 0,12 dememiz yeterli olacaktır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Diğer komut eepromdan bir bilgi okuma komutudur.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Read adres,Bilgi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Şeklinde kullanılır. Yine örnek olarak 0 nolu adreste yazılı olan bilgiyi okuyalım&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Read 0,Sayı&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Okunan değer Sayı isimli değişkene yerleştirilmiş oldu.&lt;/div&gt;
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Yeni programlanmış bir pic’ den okunacak hafıza değeri kesinlikle $FF yani 255 olarak gelir. Bu hafızaya henüz bir şey kayıt edilmediği anlamına gelir. Diyelim ki hafızaya şifre yazacaksınız şöyle yapabilirsiniz.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Read 0,Sifre&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘ilk hafıza okundu ve değeri Sifre isimli değişkene yerleşti.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;if sifre=255 then&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;‘henüz hafızada kayıtlı bir şey yok ise&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Sifre=2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;‘yeni sifre=2 olsun&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Write 0,sifre&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘yeni sifre yi sıfır no’ lu adrese yaz. Endif&lt;/div&gt;
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Kısaca önce hafızayı okudunuz. Sonra baktınız hafızaya herhangi bir şey kayıt edilmemiş ise şifreyi belirleyip hafızaya yazdınız. Pic’ i ilk defa çalıştırınca 0 nolu adrese 2 bilgisi yazılır. Daha sonra program içinden şifrenizi değiştirdiniz. Pic’ i yeniden çalıştırınca ilgili hafızada 255 den farklı bir sayı olacağı için yeni sifre olarak 2 yazılmayacaktır. Dolayısıyla mevcut şifrenizi korumuş olacaksınız.&lt;/div&gt;
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Son olarak dahili eeprom’ ların 8 bit çalıştıklarını ve her bir hafıza adresine 8 bitlik bilgi yazılması gerektiğini hatırlatmak isterim. Kullandığınız bilgi Word tipi yani 16 bit bir değişken ise bilgiyi Değişken.Lowbayt ve Değişken.Highbyte veya Değişken.Byte0 ve Değişken,Byte1 şeklinde 8 er bitlik iki kısma ayırıp o şekilde yazmanız gerekir. Aslında direkt word değişkeni olarak yazabilirsiniz. Bu durumda pic sizin için değişkeni lowbyte ve highbyte&lt;/div&gt;
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olarak ayırıp öyle kayıt edecektir. Ancak okuma yaparken kesinlikle sayının 8’er birlik iki kısım halinde okunması gerekir. Örnek olarak vermek gerekir ise aşağıdakiler doğrudur.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SAYI VAR WORD&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Sayı=12345 ‘Sayımız 16 bit.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;WRITE 0,SAYI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘sayıyı 16 bit olarak eeproma yazdık aslında 0 ve 1 nolu adreslere yazıldı&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;READ 0,SAYI.Lowbyte&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘say’ nın lowbyte nı okuduk. READ 1,SAYI.Highbyte ‘say’ nın highbyte’ ını okuduk&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HARiCi EEPROMLARIN KULLANIMI&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Dışarıdan bağlanabilen eepromlar genelde uzun depolama ömürleri (yaklaşık 200 yıl) nedeni ile tercih edilirler. Bunların tamamı Seri Senkron haberleşme arabirimi kullanır. Üreticilere göre haberleşme şekilleri farklıdır. Piyasada genelde 3 ayrı tip eeprom bulunmaktadır. Bunlar;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Microwire tipi (Atmel firmasının üretmiş olduğu) 93Cxx (93C66 gibi) eepromlar&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;SPI tipi haberleşme yapan eepromlar 24LCxxx serisi&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;I2C tipi haberleşme yapan eepromlar. 24Cxx serisi&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi bunları sırası ile inceleyelim,&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1. Microwire Eeprom Kullanımı;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu eeprom’ ların 2 adet Data pini DI (data-in) ve DO (Data-out) clock input CI veya SK ile Chip Select CS pinleri bulunmaktadır. Genelde 3 wire interface yani 3 kablolu veya hatlı arabirim şeklinde tanımlansa da haberleşme için 4 adet hat gerekiyor. Aslında 3 hatlı arabirim denmesinin bir sebebi’ de DI ve DO uçlarının Pic’ de aynı ucun kullanılabilmesinden kaynaklanır. DI (Data Giriş)işini yapmak istediğinizde yani Eeproma Data girişi (yazma) yapmak istediğinizde pic deki pin Output yapılmalı, DO yani eepromdan data okuma yapıldığında ise aynı pin Input yapılmalıdır. Böylece Eeprom ile pic arasında 3 hat bağlı olabilmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Eeprom ile haberleşmede 7 adet komut kullanılabilir. Bunlar;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp7CP9AUiyKzZGsYlW_0CniIf4uI-TXx2DLrbEe6p_-UuKKH6n7sZT9R_hLRmfMHEJd4cBiR0nvHVGw-exhyugOmnbQCFBbSALHWH2S8aOuSFgtUGG2FOKhF_p12kjU0SRQVkb70OaEX4/s1600/eeprom_picbasic.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;117&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp7CP9AUiyKzZGsYlW_0CniIf4uI-TXx2DLrbEe6p_-UuKKH6n7sZT9R_hLRmfMHEJd4cBiR0nvHVGw-exhyugOmnbQCFBbSALHWH2S8aOuSFgtUGG2FOKhF_p12kjU0SRQVkb70OaEX4/s320/eeprom_picbasic.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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Her bir haberleşme işi bir START işlemi ile başlamalıdır. Start işleminde; -CS High ve DI High yapılır ve Clock ucu low dan High a dönerken start konumu sağlanmış olur. Bu yüzden bir işlem yapıldıktan sonra DI ucu daima High da bırakılır. Pic den gelen her bir işlem komutundan sonra CS low’a çekilmelidir. Yalnızca birbirinin ardı sıra (sequential) okuma durumlarında bu işlem yapılmaz.&lt;/div&gt;
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Eeproma yazmak için -önce DI hattından ERASE/WRITE ENABLE komutu gönderilir. Bunun rakam karşılığı %10011 dır. -Arkasından bir Write komutu gönderilir (%101) -Sonra Adres bilgisi -Ve arkasından yazılacak bilgi gönderilir. -En sonunda CS Low’a çekilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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ERASE/WRITE ENABLE komutu bir çalışma döneminde yalnızca bir kere verilen bir komuttur. Bunun anlamı şudur. Pic ilk çalıştırıldığında bu komut bir defa verilir ise sonraki okuma yazma işlemlerinde yeniden bu komutun verilmesi gerekmez. Ne zaman gerekir, pic’ in voltajını dolayısıyla eepromun besleme voltajını kesip yeniden çalıştırdığınızda bu gereklidir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Aynı şekilde Eepromdan okuma yapmak için&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
-Önce DI hattından bir READ komutu gönderilir (%110) -Arkasından okunacak adres bilgisi gönderilir&lt;/div&gt;
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-Şayet okuma yapıldıktan sonra CS Low yapılmaz ise yani High da tutulur ise okumanın devam edeceği anlamına gelir . Şayet CS low yapılır ise ondan sonraki okuma komutu yine READ-ADRES bilgisi ile başlamalıdır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu hafıza ile ilgili olarak simülasyon imkanımız olmadığı için yalnızca bir örnek program vermekle yetineceğim. Bu tip eepromlar ile haberleşme yapabilmek için SHIFTIN ve SHIFTOUT komutlarını kullanıyoruz. Komutların nasıl kullanıldıklarını görebilmek için örneğimizi yazalım.&lt;/div&gt;
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Örneğimizde Eepromun ilk 8 adresine bir şifreli kilit için gerekli şifre bilgisi yazdıracağımızı varsayacağız. Şifremiz 8 haneli bir rakam olacak. Ancak biz bunu 2 adet Word değişkeninde saklayacağız. Kolay anlaşılması açısından şifremizi ;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SIFRE_A=1234&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;SIFRE_B=5678&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘tamamı Şifre=12345678 olarak tanımladık Şeklinde tanımlıyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnek Program:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘****************************************************************
‘* Name : Microwire Eeprom.BAS *
‘* Author : [E.T.E] *
‘* Notice : Copyright (c) 2005 Ete] *
‘* : All Rights Reserved *
‘* Date : 30.06.2005 *
‘* Version : 1.0 *
‘* Notes : *
‘* : *
‘****************************************************************
Include “Modedefs.Bas”
PORTA=0
TRISB=%00000000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘PortB.0 giriş diğerleri çıkış yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
TRISA=%00000000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘A port’ u  tamamı çıkış yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————-
@ DEVICE pic16F628 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘işlemci  16F628&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_on&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Watch Dog timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Power on timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Kod Protek kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_OFF&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘MCLR  pini kullanılıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628,  INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Dahili osilatör kullanılacak&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————–
SYMBOL CS=PortB.0&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Chip Select  pin&lt;/span&gt;
SYMBOL SK=PortB.1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ Clock pin&lt;/span&gt;
SYMBOL DI=PortB.2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ Data in pin&lt;/span&gt;
SYMBOL DO=PortB.2&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Data out pin&lt;/span&gt;
SIFRE_A
VAR BYTE
SIFRE_B
VAR BYTE
ADRS
VAR word
E_GIRIS
Var Byte&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ Eeprom’ a yazılacak bilgi&lt;/span&gt;
E_CIKIS
Var Byte‘ Eeprom&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;’ dan  okunacak Bilgi&lt;/span&gt;
EWEN Con %10011&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘  Erase/Enable kodu&lt;/span&gt;
EWDS Con %10000&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Disable  Kodu&lt;/span&gt;
ERAL Con %10010&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Erase-All  Tamamını sil Kodu&lt;/span&gt;
WRAL Con %10001&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Tamamına  yaz kodu&lt;/span&gt;
ERD Con %1100&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Read Kodu&lt;/span&gt;
EWR Con %1010&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Write Kodu&lt;/span&gt;
ERASE Con %1110 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ Erase  Kodu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;
‘———ÖNCE EEPROM WRITE ENABLE YAPILDI———————–&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
High CS &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ Enable eeprom&lt;/span&gt;
Shiftout DI,SK , 1 ,[EWEN5,07]&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘  WRITE ENABLE kodu gönder&lt;/span&gt;
Low CS&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Disable eeprom&lt;/span&gt;
SIFRE_A=1234
SIFRE_B=5678&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘—————–önce ilk sekiz adrese bilgi yazalım—————-&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
ADRS=0
E_CIKIS=SIFRE_A DIG 0
GOSUB E_YAZ
ADRS=1
E_CIKIS=SIFRE_A DIG 1
GOSUB E_YAZ
ADRS=2
E_CIKIS=SIFRE_A
DIG 2 GOSUB E_YAZ
ADRS=3
E_CIKIS=SIFRE_A DIG 3
GOSUB E_YAZ&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ’sifre 2. kısım yazılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
ADRS=4
E_CIKIS=SIFRE_B DIG 0
GOSUB E_YAZ
ADRS=5
E_CIKIS=SIFRE_B DIG 1
GOSUB E_YAZ
ADRS=6
E_CIKIS=SIFRE_B DIG 2
GOSUB E_YAZ
ADRS=7
E_CIKIS=SIFRE_B DIG 3
GOSUB E_YAZ&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘———-Şimdide ilk 8 adresteki bilgileri okuyalım——————-&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
ADRS=0
GOSUB E_OKU
SIFRE_A=E_GIRIS
ADRS=1
GOSUB E_OKU
SIFRE_A=SIFRE_A+E_GIRIS*10
ADRS=2
GOSUB E_OKU
SIFRE_A=SIFRE_A+E_GIRIS*100
ADRS=3
GOSUB E_OKU
SIFRE_A=SIFRE_A+E_GIRIS*1000&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘———–Sifre 2. kısım okunacak——————-&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
ADRS=4
GOSUB E_OKU
SIFRE_B=E_GIRIS
ADRS=5
GOSUB E_OKU
SIFRE_B=SIFRE_B+E_GIRIS*10
ADRS=6
GOSUB E_OKU
SIFRE_B=SIFRE_B+E_GIRIS*100
ADRS=7
GOSUB E_OKU
SIFRE_B=SIFRE_B+E_GIRIS*1000  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘buraya kadar olan satırlarda Sifre_A=1234 , Sifre?B=5678 olarak okundu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
END&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘PROGRAM BURADA SONA  ERECEK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘————————ALT PROGRAMLAR—————————-
E_YAZ:
High CS&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Eeprom Enable yapıldı&lt;/span&gt;
Shiftout DI,SK,  1,[EWR4,ADRS,E_CIKIS] ‘
Low CS&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Disable the eeprom Pause 10 Return&lt;/span&gt;
E_OKU:
High CS &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ Eeprom Enable yapıldı&lt;/span&gt;
Shiftout DI,SK, 1,[ERD4,ADRS] &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘  READ komutu ve Adres verildi&lt;/span&gt;
Shiftin DO,SK, 2,[E_GIRIS] &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘  Okunan data E_Giris içinde Low CS ‘ Disable eeprom &lt;/span&gt;Return
END&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SPI TIPI EPROMLARIN KULLANIMI:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Aslında Microwire tipi eepromlar ile çok benzerlikleri vardır. Bazı ufak tefek farklılıklar ile haberleşme Microwire ile çok benzeşir. Bu yüzden burada açıklama vermek yerine bir örnek program üzerinden açıklamamızı vereceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Microwire tipi eepromlar bölümünde vermiş olduğumuz programı bu sefer SPI tipi ile yapacağız. Böylece izleyenler aralarındaki farkı kolaylıkla görmüş olacaklardır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Örneğimizde Eepromun ilk 8 adresine bir şifreli kilit için gerekli şifre bilgisi yazdıracağımızı varsayacağız. Şifremiz 8 haneli bir rakam olacak. Ancak biz bunu 2 adet Word değişkeninde saklayacağız. Kolay anlaşılması açısından şifremizi ;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SIFRE_A=1234 SIFRE_B=5678 ‘tamamı Şifre=12345678&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak tanımladık Şeklinde tanımlıyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Programımız;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCw-J7_2BRVWOfYEi5r367t8PvTpP9DuWQLZfYH-MvOtaDh2JuwDROy-FElwoKgEs2Qb8gRwAfOEvwDetRSZH-Rs2Y3Z8L4zVIi19yooYD64dF1fTe4ibf7bGH9soVAt0fdh1H_iDgQ7I/s1600/eeprom_pbp_kod_3.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCw-J7_2BRVWOfYEi5r367t8PvTpP9DuWQLZfYH-MvOtaDh2JuwDROy-FElwoKgEs2Qb8gRwAfOEvwDetRSZH-Rs2Y3Z8L4zVIi19yooYD64dF1fTe4ibf7bGH9soVAt0fdh1H_iDgQ7I/s400/eeprom_pbp_kod_3.png&quot; width=&quot;313&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;I2C TiPi EEPROMLARIN KULLANIMI:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Senkronize seri bus sitemi ile çalışan bu haberleşme şekli yalnızca hafızalar değil diğer bazı cihazların birbirleri veya bu cihazların MCU üniteleri ile haberleşmesinde de kullanılmaktadır. Haberleşme, her biri çift yönlü (bi-directional) 2 hat üzerinden yapılır. Bunlar SDA Serial Data, ve SCL, Serial Clock olarak tanımlanırlar. Protokolü her zaman olduğu gibi burada incelemeyeceğiz. Yalnızca eeproma nasıl bilgi yazılır ve nasıl okunur bu konuyu açıklığa kavuşturacağız.&amp;nbsp;Pic BASIC&amp;nbsp;de I2C haberleşmesi için direkt komut vardır. Yazma için;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;I2CWRITE DPIN, CPIN, $A0, 0, [SAYI]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Okuma için&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;I2CREAD DPIN,CPIN,$A0,0,[SAYI]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Şeklinde komutlar kullanılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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DPIN burada Data pin’ini , CPIN ise Clock pin’ini göstermektedir. Bu pinleri belirledikten sonra Kontrol kodu verilir. Cihazlara göre değişiklik arz eden bu kod eepromlar için genelde %1010 dır. Adres eepromda yazılacak veya okunacak adresi belirler. Okunacak veya yazılacak bilgi 8 veya 16 bit olabilir (Byte-Word). Bu durumda Adres değişkeni de bilgi değişken tipine göre seçilmelidir. Word tipi bir bilgi yazılması veya okunması halinde adres de word tipinde seçilmelidir.&lt;/div&gt;
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BASIC de diğer eeprom tiplerine göre daha kolay bir kullanım şekli sunan I2C tipi eeprom’ larla ilgili örneğimiz yine aynı olacaktır. Önceden yazmış olduğumuz programı bu seferde I2C tipi eepromlar için yazacağız.&lt;/div&gt;
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işte programımız,&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCyJRrYA0Z87xwunKLsNWfWmzjhTvakMLluGOU9Mz0_S_ZS28jVX6J-qbf2rhZE2t6CohdC6e61302IwC0C6E29aiqmTC5uVAi4GeyeYxM0HQMaYrYYg-5OBylVuwZkZzKn5Sd_kH6eGE/s1600/eeprom_pbp_kod_4.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCyJRrYA0Z87xwunKLsNWfWmzjhTvakMLluGOU9Mz0_S_ZS28jVX6J-qbf2rhZE2t6CohdC6e61302IwC0C6E29aiqmTC5uVAi4GeyeYxM0HQMaYrYYg-5OBylVuwZkZzKn5Sd_kH6eGE/s400/eeprom_pbp_kod_4.png&quot; width=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRBtn4uXJmIBl_4o-RS9YH4_RUFoq6gyaW3Rk9ORfZJBdhwNceNGSIzCshyphenhyphenVX03DHA1zPpi1AsiVUONzM8MN7Jqwxk4uiM5qYzwq7xGTRxOAf1044MFQgfEriMAUTBfbEBLlA3Yp2tHNY/s1600/eeprom_pbp_kod_5.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRBtn4uXJmIBl_4o-RS9YH4_RUFoq6gyaW3Rk9ORfZJBdhwNceNGSIzCshyphenhyphenVX03DHA1zPpi1AsiVUONzM8MN7Jqwxk4uiM5qYzwq7xGTRxOAf1044MFQgfEriMAUTBfbEBLlA3Yp2tHNY/s400/eeprom_pbp_kod_5.png&quot; width=&quot;283&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PIC iLE BiRLiKTE SENSÖR KULLANIMI&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Sensörler hayatımız kolaylaştıran ve zaman zamanda hayranlık duyduğum cihazlardır. Pek çoğu pic ile haberleşebilmektedir. Burada piyasada en çok kullanılan sensörler den bazılarının pic ile olan haberleşme konusunu işleyeceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
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işe sıcaklık sensörler’ inden başlamak istiyorum. Bu konuda en çok kullanılanlardan birisi olan DS18B20 sensör ünü ele alacağız. TO92 kılıfında imal edilmiş bulunan sensör one-wire (tek hat veya tek-tel) haberleşme sistemine sahiptir. Üç bacaklı olan sensör ün iki bacağı besleme ve kalan son bacağı da Data in ve out bacağı olarak çalışmaktadır. Okunan değerler dijital olarak alınıp formül kullanılarak ısı’ya çevrilmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Konuyu yine bir örnek ile açıklayalım.&lt;/div&gt;
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Örneğimizde Pic 16F628’e bağlı bir sensör ün değerlerini okuyacak ve ısı göstergesi şeklinde LCD ekranda göstereceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
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Önce şemamızı verelim,&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcpqPl062hcUFp8RnxHomnxR5l_5BP1CClwMn0Fs3JkJA6LCnWDFHtbMR6IDOsuaUKnzbRwZck73S-FdbJsFYw4n7P09otXxC1sXpA1UADmWNHgLOKmK-PHd2aDDyfPs41PICQVQtEpqo/s1600/picbasic_eeprom_ds18b20.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;342&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcpqPl062hcUFp8RnxHomnxR5l_5BP1CClwMn0Fs3JkJA6LCnWDFHtbMR6IDOsuaUKnzbRwZck73S-FdbJsFYw4n7P09otXxC1sXpA1UADmWNHgLOKmK-PHd2aDDyfPs41PICQVQtEpqo/s400/picbasic_eeprom_ds18b20.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Program,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Programdan da görüleceği üzere sensör okunduktan sonra önce sıcaklığın sıfırın altında mı yoksa üstünden mi anlamak için okunan ham değerin 11. bitine bakıyoruz. Bu bit şayet 1 ise sıcaklık eksi demektir. Bu bitin değerine göre program ayrı&amp;nbsp;hesaplama&amp;nbsp;bölümlerine gitmektedir. Bu programda 32 bit hesaplama işlemi kullanılmaktadır. Kısaca mantığını izah etmek istiyorum. Hesapla isimli alt programda;&lt;/div&gt;
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TEMP=($FFFF -HAM+1)*625 şeklinde bir satır mevcuttur. Burada TEMP değişkeni içine 32 bit hesaplama yapacağımız değer yerleştirilmektedir. 32 bitlik hesap komutu bu satırın hemen altında verilmektedir. Bir örnek hesapla işi daha kolay anlayacağınızı umuyorum. -25 dereceye karşılık gelen ham değer $FE6F dir. Bu formüle göre TEMP= ($FFFF-$Fe6F+1) x 625 = 250.625 , görüldüğü gibi bu hesabın sonucunda TEMP isimli değişkende 250.625 sayısı yer alması gerekir. Ancak bu sayı WORD formatından büyüktür ve 32 bit büyüklüğündedir. Bu yüzden pic bu değişken değerini kendi içinde geçici bir yerde tutar ve bir sonraki satırda verilen hesap da kullanır. Bir sonraki satırda;&lt;/div&gt;
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ISI = DIV32 10&lt;/div&gt;
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Şeklinde bir ifade yer alır. Bu ifadenin anlamı; ISI = TEMP /10 şeklindedir. Yani temp hesabında elde edilen değer 32 bitişlemi ile 10’a bölünmektedir. Dolayısıyla elde edilecek sonuç bizim örneğimize göre;&lt;/div&gt;
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250.625 / 10 = 25.062 olacaktır. BU sonuç 16 bit dir ve işlemlerimizde kullanabileceğimiz hale gelmiştir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SHT-11 (SENSIRION) DIGITAL ISI ve NEM SENSÖRÜ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Sensirion firmasının üretimi olan bu sensörler I2C prensibine benzer bir mantık ile haberleşme yapmakla beraber tam anlamı ile birebir değildir. Sensör tamamı ile dijital bir sensör olup aynı kılıf içinde hem ısı hem de rutubet sensör ünü taşımaktadır. Sıcaklık aralığı -40 ile +123 derece arasında dır. Rutubet ölçümlerinde 0-ile %99,999 hassasiyette ölçüm yapabilmektedir. Ayrıca rutubet ölçümünde sıcaklık kompanizasyonu bulunmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Örnek programımız aşağıdadır.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7z3anLP2DyQB_RaBPnQ7GlC7y0vmSX7Ekw4ZdHYrCwUjxmh820ToZh0iyQYKltSCqWgTHMJEmiEsEYgQUvN811sLzoLKbGHUJnX_CtwwpuDwcMgp6DXUQIT2YlPBMAtCyjLhtKiZMmOQ/s1600/picbasic_eeprom_lcd_sht11.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;272&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7z3anLP2DyQB_RaBPnQ7GlC7y0vmSX7Ekw4ZdHYrCwUjxmh820ToZh0iyQYKltSCqWgTHMJEmiEsEYgQUvN811sLzoLKbGHUJnX_CtwwpuDwcMgp6DXUQIT2YlPBMAtCyjLhtKiZMmOQ/s400/picbasic_eeprom_lcd_sht11.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9m1aotG78m_Mhqejju20DXqYayXWR2I-k3cs77Sb5G9GBBgeHIaMBg9OJ_1RZ1mxLjmoEBWf1lQPvPGPtqWcgDtCqwp6axTLFnqKQgThnMSsOgYipJBDyAFgMupE_fnuX1vAWmPA5x00/s1600/eeprom_pbp_kod_7.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9m1aotG78m_Mhqejju20DXqYayXWR2I-k3cs77Sb5G9GBBgeHIaMBg9OJ_1RZ1mxLjmoEBWf1lQPvPGPtqWcgDtCqwp6axTLFnqKQgThnMSsOgYipJBDyAFgMupE_fnuX1vAWmPA5x00/s400/eeprom_pbp_kod_7.png&quot; width=&quot;140&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; display: inline !important; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;9.ders &amp;nbsp;Proteus ve hex dosyaları &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/pic-basic-pic-programlama-9.zip&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;10.ders:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PROGRAM ÖRNEKLERi&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: line-through;&quot;&gt;10 derslik&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/pic-basic-dersleri/&quot; style=&quot;color: #0066cc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pic Basic&quot;&gt;Pic Basic&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;derslerimizin sonuna gelmiş bulunuyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(13 bölüm oldu) Bu bölüme kadar verilen bilgilerde Pic MCU ların alternatifli olarak kullanım örneklerini dış ünitelerle bağlantılarını haberleşmelerini öğrendik. Arada da bazı kullanılan komutları işledik. Bu son dersimizde program örnekleri göreceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
ÖRNEK PROGRAM: 1 LED ANiMASYONU&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
işe fantezi ile başlayalım ve bir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED-ANiMASYON&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;projesi verelim. Bu projede PortA ve PortB nin tamamı kullanılarak 16 led’den oluşan bir görsel gösteri ünitesi yapacağız. Ledler değişik şekillerde yanarak bize bir gösteri sunacaklar.&lt;/div&gt;
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Önce Şemamız;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqu2lJfMv5hxr7-WMjx7IhhSxdWDC4Zsm0IYBAQioNDqu54YGogX_sSCr1xhsIk3e3g5hen5CmmjeSZ5RvYd00RLRxNteaMZtW1CR7khx529xDWpSY-YuCxwLfyOIN7KKysr4l2DkpeR4/s1600/led_animasyon.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;323&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqu2lJfMv5hxr7-WMjx7IhhSxdWDC4Zsm0IYBAQioNDqu54YGogX_sSCr1xhsIk3e3g5hen5CmmjeSZ5RvYd00RLRxNteaMZtW1CR7khx529xDWpSY-YuCxwLfyOIN7KKysr4l2DkpeR4/s400/led_animasyon.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Aslında PIC16F628 de PortA.5 (MCLR bacağı) çıkış olarak kullanılamaz. Ancak sırf görsel amaçlı olarak bu projede simulasyon olarak denedim ve çalıştığını gördüm. Gerçekte çalışmaması gerekir. Devreyi yapacaklar için kısa bir açıklama olarak vereyim istedim.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Diğer taraftan gerçek devrede Pic pinleri ile Led ler arasında 330 Ohm direnç kullanılması gerekmektedir. Aksi halde Pic bozulur. BU açıklama da devreyi fiilen yapmak isteyenler içindir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjthenGmn8HHETegE5p_tldwVvZs02z-_EZxuJ1zsbotAorbN9hdZ8Kw1zx_nBvjpyRSLscIVRfHBTIeCo-Q8XU8x1InG5j53fztQH-uxNxgzUMmnnRFCPN8TMJyUZyaquPDOYcDGRQpxA/s1600/picbasic_led_kod.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjthenGmn8HHETegE5p_tldwVvZs02z-_EZxuJ1zsbotAorbN9hdZ8Kw1zx_nBvjpyRSLscIVRfHBTIeCo-Q8XU8x1InG5j53fztQH-uxNxgzUMmnnRFCPN8TMJyUZyaquPDOYcDGRQpxA/s640/picbasic_led_kod.png&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: normal; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
ÖRNEK PROGRAM : 2 OTO CAM KONTROLU&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
ikinci örneğimiz enteresan bir örnek olacak. 16F628 de komparatör kullanımına güzel bir örnekdir. Projenin amacı otomobillerde motor kontrollu yan camların açılıp kapanmasını otomatik olarak kontrol etmekdir. Cam açma butonuna kısa süreli basılır ise cam basılan süre kadar aşağı veya yukarı hareket edecek, butona biraz uzun basılması halinde ise cam otomatik olarak açılacak veya kapanacaktır. Tabiiki nereye kadar, cam son noktada gidecek yeri olmadığı için motor sıkışacak ve normalde 2 Amper dolayında motordan çekilen akım 3 amper veya daha fazlasına yükselecektir. işte bu aşamada komparatörler devreye girerek motorun akımını keseceklerdir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Motorun sıkışmasını simule edebilmek için çalışan motora paralel ikinci bir motor daha devreye sokulmaktadır. Bu sayede normalde 2 A dolayında olan çekilen akım iki katına çıkmaktadır ve sistem çekilen fazla amperi algılayıp motorları durdurmaktadır. Sistemin çekilen hangi amper seviyesinde durmasını sağlayacak ince ayarlar devrede bulunan 2 adet 220 Ohm ayarlı dirençler ile yapılmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Önce şemamızı verelim;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS6nZbtWjGR1v3A6SkyWv5sNUA2C4rPB7wmzS49we6WAG8qqD5Kmes1rtfrI_NjGoXuHPhBELxOhUX6QKU5sQaJY_dVpJ68V_ngASCdjLENfYr86SpqsuY8z_SF5krp5uYmj0Sxeqit7k/s1600/otocam_picbasic_motor.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS6nZbtWjGR1v3A6SkyWv5sNUA2C4rPB7wmzS49we6WAG8qqD5Kmes1rtfrI_NjGoXuHPhBELxOhUX6QKU5sQaJY_dVpJ68V_ngASCdjLENfYr86SpqsuY8z_SF5krp5uYmj0Sxeqit7k/s400/otocam_picbasic_motor.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi41-Z9ZceUvBLtTD__wZyiITFV8rkX3CGEiAblxWOx2wrGY29HDkeT1F_sDsl5QXho6wtA3wuVzJWfG3Kc4cUrXfyurZchqRGBecxOEncLil4aiYlIne2Ic7FBl1sm6LjOTUHNHQZI2jU/s1600/oto_cam_kontrol_pbp.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi41-Z9ZceUvBLtTD__wZyiITFV8rkX3CGEiAblxWOx2wrGY29HDkeT1F_sDsl5QXho6wtA3wuVzJWfG3Kc4cUrXfyurZchqRGBecxOEncLil4aiYlIne2Ic7FBl1sm6LjOTUHNHQZI2jU/s640/oto_cam_kontrol_pbp.png&quot; width=&quot;354&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: normal; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: normal; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
ÖRNEK PROGRAM : 3 DTMF iLE CiHAZ KONTROLU&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu örneğimizde Telefonla cihaz kontrol sistemini inceleyeceğiz. Kısaca&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DTMF&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kontrol ismi verilen program ile bir telefon hattına bağlayacağımız sistemimizle 5-6 adet cihazı istediğimiz zaman açıp kapatabileceğiz. Arada mesafe olduğundan yapılan işlerin onayı sesli olarak hattan verilmektedir. Bu aleti fiziki olarakda yaptım ve kullanıyorum. Bu devrede simulasyon imkanımız olmadığı için devre şeması vermekle yetineceğiz.;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhixiibfoGVm5BVPHn-az7UWsMiVWBnlc2ZZrCYxJlicBzlwWOsY9njPooc3SNbK35ovacgp7vhIclzmJcS3eQ139Xm0Fk3wQ00zPwMB004XaSELaZ9ZRXG5cF01PTyKejkawi4uSro3As/s1600/dtmf_telefon_kontrol.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;281&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhixiibfoGVm5BVPHn-az7UWsMiVWBnlc2ZZrCYxJlicBzlwWOsY9njPooc3SNbK35ovacgp7vhIclzmJcS3eQ139Xm0Fk3wQ00zPwMB004XaSELaZ9ZRXG5cF01PTyKejkawi4uSro3As/s400/dtmf_telefon_kontrol.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Programa geçmeden kullanımla ilgili bazı açıklamalar vermek istiyorum.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Program öncelikle çalan telefon zilini saymakta ve önceden ayarlanmış adedi bulduğunda hattı otomatik olarak açmaktadır. Zilin çalma sayısı program içinden değiştirilebilmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Hat açıldıktan sonra program şifre girmenizi beklemektedir. Şifre 4 haneli bir rakam olup default olarak 1111 şeklinde ayarlanmıştır. Ayrıca birde master şifre vardır. Ana şifrenin unutulması durumunda master şifre girilerek şifrenin default şifre ye dönüştürülmesi sağlanmıştır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Şifre girişini takiben program role kontrol bölümüne atlamaktadır. Burada ;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
-önce # tuşu sonra 1-2-3-4-5 rakamlarından herhangi birisi girildiği tatirde girilen rakama karşılık gelen role çıkışı aktif edilmekte bu durum ilgili led in yanması ile anlaşılmaktadır. Açılan rolenin sayısı kadar da hatta beep sesi verilmektedir. Örneğin 2 nolu role açılmış ise Beep – Beep şeklinde 2 adet beep sesi alınmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
-Önce # tuşu ardından 8 tuşu girilir ise Zil çalma adedi değiştirilebilir. 8 rakamının hemen ardından yeni zil adedi girilmelidir. -Önce # sonra 9 rakamı girilir ise şifre değiştirilecek demektir. Burada önce eski şifre ardından yeni şifre&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
girilmelidir. -Önce # ve ardından 0 rakamı girilir ise sistemden çıkış yapılır. Hat kapatılır. -Önce * tuşu ve ardından 0 rakamı girilir ise açık olan tüm roleler kapatılmaktadır. -Önce * ardından 1-2-3-4-5 rakamlarından biri girilir ise ilgili rakama karşılık gelen role kapatılır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Devrede kullanılan trafo 600/600 sarımlı telefon hat trafosudur. Eski modemlerin üzerinde bulunmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘****************************************************************
‘*  Name    : UNTITLED.BAS                                      *
‘*  Author  : [E.T.E]                                           *
‘*  Notice  : Copyright (c) 2005 Ete]                           *
‘*          : All Rights Reserved                               *
‘*  Date    : 02.06.2005                                        *
‘*  Version : 1.0                                               *
‘*  Notes   :                                                   *
‘*          :                                                   *
‘****************************************************************
PORTA=0:PORTB=0
TRISB=%00000001 ‘PortB.0 giriş diğerleri çıkış yapıldı.
TRISA=%00111111 ‘A portu  tamamı çıkış yapıldı.
‘—————————————————————–
@ DEVICE pic16F628 ‘işlemci  16F628
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_OFF  ‘Watch Dog timer açık
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON  ‘Power on timer açık
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF  ‘Kod Protek kapalı
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_OFF  ‘MCLR pini kullanılıyor.
@ DEVICE pic16F628,  INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT ‘Dahili osilatör kullanılacak
‘—————————————————————–
CMCON=7 ‘16F628 de  komparatör pinleri iptal hepsi giriş çıkış
‘—————————————————————–
SIFRE  VAR WORD
RAKAM  var WORD
TEMP   VAR WORD
BASKA  VAR WORD
ZAMAN  VAR WORD
SURE   VAR word
SAYAC  VAR BYTE
SAYI   VAR BYTE
DURUM  VAR BYTE
BIRLER VAR BYTE
ONLAR  VAR BYTE
YUZLER VAR BYTE
BINLER VAR BYTE
ZIL    VAR BYTE ‘ÇALACAK ZİL ADEDİ
X      VAR BYTE
CIK    VAR BIT
SYMBOL HAT=PORTB.0
SYMBOL CIKIS1=PORTB.1
SYMBOL CIKIS2=PORTB.2
SYMBOL CIKIS3=PORTB.3
symbol CIKIS4=PORTB.4
SYMBOL CIKIS5=PORTB.5
SYMBOL ISD =PORTB.6
SYMBOL ROLE=PORTB.7
SYMBOL VALDAT=PORTA.0
SYMBOL BUZZER=PORTA.7&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘————————————————————————–
‘DATA @ 0,1,2,3,4
‘data @ 0,255,255,255,255,255
DATA @ 16,5
PAUSE 200
CLEAR
read 0,SAYI: PAUSE 10
IF SAYI=$FF THEN
SIFRE=1234
GOSUB SIFREYAZ
endIF
READ 0,BINLER
READ 1,YUZLER
READ 2,ONLAR
READ 3,BIRLER
SIFRE=BINLER*1000+YUZLER*100+ONLAR*10+BIRLER
READ 16,ZIL
IF ZIL=255 THEN
ZIL=5
WRITE 16,ZIL
ENDIF &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘————————————–ANA————————————–
BASLA: Sayac=0
‘——————————-PORTB.0=HIGH————-
ILK:    IF HAT=1 THEN ILK
‘——————————PORTB.0=LOW—————
BAK:     SAYAC=SAYAC+1
BIR:     IF HAT=0 THEN BIR
‘——————————PORTB.0=LOW—————–
IF SAYAC=ZIL THEN
PAUSE 1800
HIGH ROLE
pause 300
GOTO BIRINCI
ENDIF
SURE=0
WHILE HAT=1
SURE=SURE+1
IF SURE=300 THEN ILK
PAUSE 1
WEND
IF SURE&lt;100 50=&quot;&quot; 600=&quot;&quot; :=&quot;&quot; :sayac=&quot;0:GOSUB&quot; atla:=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; bak=&quot;&quot; basla=&quot;&quot; bir=&quot;&quot; birinci:=&quot;&quot; bitir=&quot;&quot; cik=&quot;1&quot; endif=&quot;&quot; exit=&quot;&quot; gosub=&quot;&quot; goto=&quot;&quot; if=&quot;&quot; pause=&quot;&quot; rakam=&quot;SIFRE&quot; rolekontrol=&quot;&quot; sayac=&quot;3&quot; sayma=&quot;&quot; ses1:=&quot;&quot; ses1:gosub=&quot;&quot; ses1=&quot;&quot; ses2:gosub=&quot;&quot; ses2=&quot;&quot; ses3=&quot;&quot; sifre=&quot;1234&quot; sifreal=&quot;&quot; sifreyaz=&quot;&quot; sleep=&quot;&quot; strong=&quot;&quot; then=&quot;&quot; yine:=&quot;&quot; yine=&quot;&quot;&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ROLEKONTROL:    GOSUB  ALBILGI
IF CIK=1 THEN BITIR
IF SAYI=12 THEN ACMA  ‘#
IF SAYI=11 THEN KAPAT ‘*
gosub ses2
‘                GOSUB EXIT
GOTO BASLA
ACMA:
GOSUB ALBILGI
IF CIk=1 THEN BITIR
IF SAYI=0 THEN
gosub ses3
GOSUB EXIT
GOTO BASLA
ENDIF &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; DURUM=PORTB &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=1 THEN
IF durum.1=0 THEN
GOSUB SES1
PORTB=DURUM | %00000010
goto ROLEKONTROL
ENDIF
ENDIF&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=2 THEN
IF durum.2=0 THEN
GOSUB SES1:GOSUB SES1
PORTB=DURUM | %00000100
goto ROLEKONTROL
ENDIF
ENDIF &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=3 THEN
IF durum.3=0 THEN
FOR X=1 TO 3:GOSUB SES1:NEXT
PORTB=DURUM | %00001000
goto ROLEKONTROL
ENDIF
ENDIF&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=4 THEN
IF durum.4=0 THEN
FOR X=1 TO 4:GOSUB SES1:NEXT
PORTB=DURUM | %00010000
goto ROLEKONTROL
ENDIF
ENDIF&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=5 THEN
IF durum.5=0 THEN
FOR X=1 TO 5:GOSUB SES1:NEXT
PORTB=DURUM | %00100000 ‘#5
goto ROLEKONTROL
ENDIF
ENDIF&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=8 THEN                          ‘#8
GOSUB SES2
GOSUB ALBILGI
GOSUB SES1:gosub ses2
IF CIK=1 THEN BITIR
IF SAYI&amp;gt;0 AND SAYI&lt;13 10=&quot;&quot; 16=&quot;&quot; endif=&quot;&quot; goto=&quot;&quot; pause=&quot;&quot; rolekontrol=&quot;&quot; strong=&quot;&quot; then=&quot;&quot; zil=&quot;SAYI:WRITE&quot;&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=9 THEN         ‘#9
GOSUB SIFREAL
GOSUB SES1:gosub ses2
IF CIK=1 THEN BITIR
IF RAKAM=SIFRE THEN
GOSUB SES1:GOSUB SES1:GOSUB SES2
GOSUB SIFREAL
IF CIK=1 THEN BITIR
SIFRE=RAKAM
GOSUB SES1:gosub ses2
gosub SIFREYAZ
ENDIF
ENDIF
GOTO ROLEKONTROL &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;KAPAT:     GOSUB ALBILGI
IF CIK=1 THEN BITIR
durum=PORTB&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=0 THEN
GOSUB SES3
PORTB=DURUM &amp;amp; %11000001  ‘*0
ENDIF &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=1 THEN
IF durum.1=1 THEN
GOSUB SES2
PORTB=DURUM &amp;amp; %11111101
goto ROLEKONTROL
ENDIF
ENDIF &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=2 THEN
IF durum.2=1 THEN
GOSUB SES2:GOSUB SES2
PORTB=DURUM &amp;amp; %11111011
goto ROLEKONTROL
ENDIF
ENDIF &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=3 THEN
IF durum.3=1 THEN
FOR X=1 TO 3:GOSUB SES2:NEXT
PORTB=DURUM &amp;amp; %11110111
goto ROLEKONTROL
ENDIF
ENDIF&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=4 THEN
IF durum.4=1 THEN
FOR X=1 TO 4:GOSUB SES2:NEXT
PORTB=DURUM &amp;amp; %11101111
goto ROLEKONTROL
ENDIF
endif&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF SAYI=5 THEN
IF durum.5=1 THEN
FOR X=1 TO 5:GOSUB SES2:NEXT
PORTB=DURUM &amp;amp; %11011111  ‘*5
ENDIF
ENDIF
GOTO ROLEKONTROL &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SIFREAL:  GOSUB ALBILGI
IF CIK=1 THEN RETURN
RAKAM=SAYI*1000
GOSUB ALBILGI
IF CIK=1 THEN RETURN
RAKAM=RAKAM+SAYI*100
GOSUB ALBILGI
IF CIK=1 THEN RETURN
RAKAM=RAKAM+SAYI*10
GOSUB ALBILGI
IF CIK=1 THEN RETURN
RAKAM=RAKAM+SAYI
RETURN &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ALBILGI:
SURE=0:ZAMAN=0
WHILE VALDAT=0
SURE=SURE+1
PAUSEus 270
IF SURE=65500 THEN
CIK=1:RETURN
ENDIF
WEND &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SAYIAL: SAYI=0
WHILE VALDAT=1
SAYI.0=PORTA.4
SAYI.1=PORTA.3
SAYI.2=PORTA.2
SAYI.3=PORTA.1
WEND
IF SAYI=10 THEN SAYI=0
RETURN&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SIFREYAZ:TEMP=SIFRE
BINLER=TEMP DIG 3
YUZLER=TEMP DIG 2
ONLAR =TEMP DIG 1
BIRLER=TEMP DIG 0
WRITE 0,BINLER: PAUSE 10
WRITE 1,YUZLER: PAUSE 10
WRITE 2,ONLAR : PAUSE 10
WRITE 3,BIRLER: PAUSE 10
RETURN&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SES1: SOUND  BUZZER,[110,12]: pause 30:RETURN
SES2: SOUND BUZZER,[95,12] : PAUSE 30:RETURN
SES3: SOUND BUZZER,[85,25] : PAUSE 30:RETURN &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BITIR:  GOSUB EXIT:GOTO  BASLA:RETURN
EXIT :  SURE=0
HAT=0
CIK=0
SAYAC=0
RAKAM=0
LOW ROLE
LOW ISD
gosub ses2
gosub ses2
GOSUB SES3
GOSUB SES3
RETURN &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;End&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/13&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/100&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: normal; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
ÖRNEK PROGRAM : 4 ***********DiJiTAL POT (DS1868) KONTROLÜ**********&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Dallas firmasının&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DS1868&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kodlu dijital potansiyometre kullanımına ait bir örnek vermek istiyorum. Söz konusu potansiyometrenin model dosyası bulunmadığından dolayı simulasyon bir shift register kullanılarak yapılmıştır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Neticede DS1868 in içinde bir shift register bulunmaktadır ve pot değeri bu registere yazılarak sağlanmaktadır. Önce şemamız;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-8bJQC8ErSvP9dAPKF2-r-8AzgkPDo-eAyMTST0V_N7zQQlFGXd7PzaItzdwlwmIuzpMfEwNgV3RKwKSaae_vZyk7CIk5igs0ox0I_NsxBZmRa8oFW615yyK73t_S7oF-M93CO8l67kM/s1600/ds1868_picbasic.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;276&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-8bJQC8ErSvP9dAPKF2-r-8AzgkPDo-eAyMTST0V_N7zQQlFGXd7PzaItzdwlwmIuzpMfEwNgV3RKwKSaae_vZyk7CIk5igs0ox0I_NsxBZmRa8oFW615yyK73t_S7oF-M93CO8l67kM/s400/ds1868_picbasic.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘****************************************************************
‘*  Name    : PIC-DIGIPOT.BAS                                      *
‘*  Author  : [E.T.E]                                           *
‘*  Notice  : Copyright (c) 2004 [ETE]                          *
‘*          : All Rights Reserved                               *
‘*  Date    : 25.08.2004                                        *
‘*  Version : 1.0                                               *
‘*  Notes   :                                                   *
‘*          :                                                   *
‘****************************************************************&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; RAW    VAR   BYTE
ZAMAN  VAR   WORD
RST     VAR   PORTA.0
CLK     VAR   PORTA.2
BILGI   VAR   PORTA.1
TUSA     VAR   PORTB.0
TUSB     var   PORTB.1
KONUM   VAR   BYTE
I       VAR   BYTE
STK     VAR   BYTE&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; TRISA=%00000000
TRISB=%00000011&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; PORTB=0
PORTA=0
ZAMAN=0
STK=1
‘	ADCON1 = %00000010 ‘AN0 VE AN1 Analog,Ref =VDD
PAUSE 500
konum=0
raw=0
I=0&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; BASLA:
IF TUSA=0 THEN
IF I=1 THEN BASLA
if konum=255 then basla
konum=konum+1:I=1:GOTO CIK
ENDIF &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF TUSb=0 THEN
IF I=1 THEN BASLA
if konum=0 then basla
konum=konum-1:I=1:GOTO CIK
ENDIF &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; IF RAW&amp;lt;&amp;gt;KONUM  THEN GOSUB POTYAZ
I=0
CIK:        GOTO BASLA&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; POTYAZ:     HIGH  RST: PAUSE 1
HIGH BILGI
PULSOUT CLK,1
SHIFTOUT BILGI,CLK,1,[KONUM]
SHIFTOUT BILGI,CLK,1,[KONUM]
LOW RST: PAUSE 1
RAW=KONUM
RETURN&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; end&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ÖRNEK PROGRAM : 5 **************FREKANSMETRE – PALS SAYICI*******************&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu örneğimizde Bir Frekansmetre yapacağız. Bu programda Pic16F628 kullanacağız.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PIC16F628&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de 16 bitlik TMR1 sayacını dışarıdan gelen palsleri sayacak şekilde ayarlayıp sonuçta belirli örnekleme süreleri kullanarak frekans veya pals sayacı olarak kullanacağız. Frekans ölçme aralığımız kullandığımız örnekleme süresine bağlı olarak 1 Hz ile yaklaşık 40 MHz arasında olacaktır. Teorik olarak üst sınır 65 MHz dolayındadır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Ancak kullanılan malzemeler bu frekanslara çıkmadığı için denemelerle sabit olan ölçülebilecek maksimum frekans yaklaşık 40 MHz dolayındadır. Ancak frekans kaynağından Pic’e direkt giriş yapabilirseniz bu durumda üst sınır yükselebilmektedir. Frekansmetre’nin üst ölçüm sınırını daha da yukarı çekebilmek için arada birde 64’e bölücü (U664) kullanılmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu durumda üst ölçüm sınırı 1,2 GHz ye kadar çıkabilecektir. Program PicBasicPro ile birlikte ASM nin kullanılmasına iyi bir örnekdir. BU programda frekans ölçümünde kullanılacak olan örnekleme süreleri için ASM kullanılmıştır. Zira, 1ms – 10 ms – 100 ms ve 1000 ms lik süreleri hassas olarak elde etmenin en iyi yolu ASM kullanmaktır. Temel mantık olarak düşük frekanslarda büyük süre yüksek frekanslarda ise düşük süre kullanılarak ölçüm yapılmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Programı isis de simule edebilmek için&amp;nbsp;basit&amp;nbsp;bir devre kullanıyoruz. Önce bu devremizi verelim;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy63HLRIZQAkhpDY_Pd1aacdEb9T_CyL1vXw5jcGYQqFp9PVBS71VNPVVnCHvREuBEPH0NoyT-3CXemD9LBYvcgi9reWhY3pWUVkVomdo7emgRfvGKyxyrk_FEw3ibyjwled973grvasE/s1600/frekans_lcd_pic16f628.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;282&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy63HLRIZQAkhpDY_Pd1aacdEb9T_CyL1vXw5jcGYQqFp9PVBS71VNPVVnCHvREuBEPH0NoyT-3CXemD9LBYvcgi9reWhY3pWUVkVomdo7emgRfvGKyxyrk_FEw3ibyjwled973grvasE/s400/frekans_lcd_pic16f628.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Programda TMR1 kullanıldığını söylemiş idik. TMR1 şayet dışarıdan gelen pals leri sayacak ise giriş bacağı olarak yalnızca PortB.6 pini kullanılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla programda da bu bacak kullanılmıştır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Program girilen frekansa bağlı olarak ölçüm modu (örnekleme süresi) seçimini otomatik yapmaktadır. Bunu anlayabilmek için önce bir kısa süreli ölçüm yapmakta ve bulduğu değere bağlı olarak mod seçmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
işte Programımız;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘****************************************************************
‘*  Name    : Frekans-Roleli.BAS                                    *
‘*  Author  : [Erol Erdal]                                      *
‘*  Notice  : Copyright (c) 2004 [Erolec]                       *
‘*          : All Rights Reserved                               *
‘*  Date    : 29.11.2004                                        *
‘*  Version : 1.6                                               *
‘*  Notes   : 10MHz Kristal ile çalışır, U664 (64&#39;de bölücü)    *
‘*          : ile çalışır, Otomatik 4 Mod (0-3) seçer           *
‘****************************************************************&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;@ DEVICE pic16F628
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_off
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_ON
@ DEVICE pic16F628, HS_OSC
DEFINE  OSC  10
DEFINE  LCD_DREG     PORTA
DEFINE  LCD_DBIT     0
DEFINE  LCD_RSREG    PORTB
DEFINE  LCD_RSBIT    2
define  LCD_RWREG    PORTB
DEFINE  LCD_RWBIT    1
DEFINE  LCD_EREG     PORTB
DEFINE  LCD_EBIT     0
DEFINE  LCD_BITS     4
DEFINE  LCD_LINES    2
DEFINE LCD_COMMANDUS 4000
DEFINE LCD_DATAUS	 250&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISA=0
TRISB=%11111000
low PORTB.1&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘——————————————————————————-
Frekans     var word
FrekansL    var Frekans.byte0
FrekansH    var Frekans.byte1
sure     VAR WORD
sureL    var SURE.Byte0
sureH    var SURE.Byte1&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TOPLAM   var  word
sayac    var  word
counter  var  byte
HAS      VAR  BYTE
I        var  byte&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;X        var  bit
Z        VAR  BIT
ilk      var  bit
SEC      VAR  PORTB.7
‘——————————————————————————-
Z=0
CMCON=7
has=0:ilk=0
lcdout $FE,1
lcdout “***EROL ERDAL***”
lcdout $FE,$C0,”**FREKANSMETRE**”: PAUSE 300&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘*******************************  FREKANSMETRE***********************************
START:
‘         gosub olc
‘         gosub modsec
‘         lcdout $FE,1,”fre:”,#frekans,” mod=”,#has,”S=”,#SEC
‘         pause 500:goto start
ATLA:    IF SEC=1 THEN
HAS=4:goto birinci
else
gosub MODSEC
endif
pause 200&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Birinci: SELECT CASE has
‘———-bölücüsüz ölçüm— Mode=0——-0 Hz - 65 KHz.———————-
CASE 0
gosub binms
Lcdout $FE,$80,”0-65 KHz : MOD=”,#has
if frekans&lt;1000 1=&quot;&quot; 500=&quot;&quot; 650=&quot;&quot; :=&quot;&quot; atla=&quot;&quot; ayac=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; c=&quot;&quot; case=&quot;&quot; dec3=&quot;&quot; endif=&quot;&quot; frekans=&quot;&quot; gosub=&quot;&quot; goto=&quot;&quot; has=&quot;&quot; hz=&quot;&quot; khz.-=&quot;&quot; khz=&quot;&quot; l=&quot;&quot; lcdout=&quot;&quot; mler=&quot;&quot; mod=&quot;”,DEC&quot; ode=&quot;1——-65&quot; oplam=&quot;&quot; pause=&quot;&quot; re:=&quot;&quot; s=&quot;&quot; sayac=&quot;frekans/100:Toplam=(frekans//100)&quot; strong=&quot;&quot; then=&quot;&quot; toplam=&quot;&quot; tus=&quot;&quot; yuzms=&quot;&quot; z:=&quot;&quot; z=&quot;&quot;&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘——BÖLÜCÜSÜZ ÖLÇÜMLER—-Mode=2——650 KHz - 6,5 MHz————–
CASE 2
gosub onms
sayac=frekans/10:Toplam=(frekans//10)
Lcdout $FE,$80,”065-6 MHz: MOD=”,#has
if sayac&lt;1000 atla=&quot;&quot; dec3=&quot;&quot; endif=&quot;&quot; fe=&quot;&quot; gosub=&quot;&quot; goto=&quot;&quot; khz=&quot;&quot; lcdout=&quot;&quot; mhz=&quot;&quot; oplam=&quot;&quot; re:=&quot;&quot; sayac=&quot;&quot; strong=&quot;&quot; then=&quot;&quot; toplam=&quot;&quot; tus:goto=&quot;&quot; tus=&quot;&quot;&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘——-BÖLÜCÜSÜZ ÖLÇÜMLER——Mode=3——6,5 MHz - 30 MHz————
CASE 3
gosub Birms
sayac=frekans
toplam=sayac/1000
Lcdout $FE,$80,”6,5-50MHz: MOD=”,#has
lcdout $fe,$C0,”Fre:”,#toplam,”,”,#(sayac//1000),” MHz    ”
gosub tus
‘         pause 500
goto ATLA&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘——BÖLÜCÜ İLE ÖLÇME BÖLÜMÜ—-Mode=4——30 mhZ - 1200 mhZ——–
case 4
gosub birms
sayac=Frekans**64
frekans=div32 10
sayac=frekans/100:Toplam=(frekans//100)
Lcdout $FE,$80,”50 MHz&amp;gt;:   MOD=”,#has
Lcdout $FE,$C0,”Fre:”,#Sayac,”,”,dec3 (Toplam*10),” MHz   ”
gosub tus
‘         pause 500
Goto ATLA
‘————modların sonu ——————————————–
case 5
HAS=0:GOTO START
END SELECT
Z=0
GOTO START
‘
TUS:      if PortB.3=1 then
IF Z=1 THEN CIK
has=has+1: PAUSE 1
IF has=5 THEN has=0
Z=1
RETURN
ENDIF
Z=0
CIK:      RETURN
‘———————MODSEC——————————–
MODSEC:  ‘pause 5:gosub  olc’:return
pause 100
‘         if frekans&amp;gt;340 then
‘           has=4:RETURN
‘         endif
‘         if (frekans&amp;gt;43) and(frekans&lt;217 birms=&quot;&quot; endif=&quot;&quot; frekans=&quot;&quot; gosub=&quot;&quot; has=&quot;0&quot; if=&quot;&quot; then=&quot;&quot;&gt;65 and frekans&lt;651 frekans=&quot;&quot; has=&quot;1&quot; if=&quot;&quot; then=&quot;&quot;&gt;650 and frekans&lt;6501 frekans=&quot;&quot; has=&quot;2&quot; if=&quot;&quot; then=&quot;&quot;&gt;6500 and Frekans&lt;32001 frekans=&quot;&quot; has=&quot;3&quot; if=&quot;&quot; then=&quot;&quot;&gt;50000 THEN HAS=4
return&lt;/32001&gt;&lt;/6501&gt;&lt;/651&gt;&lt;/217&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OLC:
asm
movlw	0×01
movwf	_SureL
movlw	0×03
movwf	_SureH
delay_0
btfss  portb,6
goto   tamamolc
decfsz	_SureL, f
goto	$+3
decfsz	_SureH, f
goto	Delay_0
Goto    son
tamamolc
call   zaman
movlw	0×01
movwf	_SureL
movlw	0×01
movwf	_SureH
Delay_1
decfsz	_SureL, f
goto	$+2
decfsz	_SureH, f
goto	Delay_1
goto	$+1
Goto    son
zaman
bcf  STATUS,RP0
bcf  STATUS,RP1
clrf TMR1L
clrf TMR1H
movlw  7
movwf  T1CON
return
endasm
Binms:
ASM
movlw	0×20    ;19 idi
movwf	_SureL
movlw	0×80    ;74 idi
movwf	_SureH
movlw	0×06
movwf	_Counter
delay_2
btfsc   portb,6
goto tamambin
decfsz	_SureL, f
goto	delay_2
decfsz	_SureH, f
goto	$+2
decfsz	_Counter, f
goto	Delay_2
goto son
tamambin
call    zaman
movlw	0×19    ;19 idi
movwf	_SureL
movlw	0×74    ;74 idi
movwf	_SureH
movlw	0×06
movwf	_Counter
Delay_3
decfsz	_SureL, f
goto	$+2
decfsz	_SureH, f
goto	$+2
decfsz	_Counter, f
goto	Delay_3
Goto son
endasm&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Yuzms:
ASM
movlw	0×4e       ;4e idi
movwf	_SureL
movlw	0xCa       ;c4 idi
movwf	_SureH
Delay_4
btfsc   portb,6
goto tamamyuz
decfsz	_SureL, f
goto	delay_4
decfsz	_SureH, f
goto	$+2
goto son
tamamyuz
movlw	0×4f       ;4e idi
movwf	_SureL
movlw	0xC4       ;c4 idi
movwf	_SureH
call   zaman&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Delay_5
decfsz	_SureL, f
goto	$+2
decfsz	_SureH, f
goto	Delay_5
goto	$+1
Goto    Son
endasm&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Onms:
asm
movlw	0×86
movwf	_SureL
movlw	0×20
movwf	_SureH
Delay_6
btfsc   portb,6
goto   tamamon
decfsz	_SureL, f
goto	delay_6
decfsz	_SureH, f
goto	$+2
goto   son
Tamamon
movlw	0×87
movwf	_SureL
movlw	0×14
movwf	_SureH
call    zaman
Delay_7
decfsz	_SureL, f
goto	$+2
decfsz	_SureH, f
goto	Delay_7
goto	$+1
goto   son
endasm
Birms:
ASM
movlw	0xf2
movwf	_SureL
movlw	0×04
movwf	_SureH
Delay_8
btfsc   portb,6
goto    tamambir
decfsz	_SureL, f
goto	delay_8
decfsz	_SureH, f
goto	$+2
goto	son
tamambir
call     zaman
movlw	0xf2
movwf	_SureL
movlw	0×02
movwf	_SureH&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Delay_9
decfsz	_SureL, f
goto	$+2
decfsz	_SureH, f
goto	Delay_9
goto	$+1
son
nop
movlw  6
movwf  T1CON
movf TMR1L,0
movwf _FrekansL
movf TMR1H,0
movwf _FrekansH
endasm
RETURN&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; END&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/1000&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/1000&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Program içinde bazı kapatılmış bölümler vardır. Bunlar test amaçlı koyulmuştur. Gerekirse tamamını kaldırabilirsiniz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; display: inline !important; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;10.ders &amp;nbsp;Proteus ve hex dosyaları &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/pic-basic-pic-programlama-10.zip&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/3356398669729326598/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/3356398669729326598?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/3356398669729326598'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/3356398669729326598'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/03/pic-basic-ogreniyorum-3.html' title='Pic Basic Öğreniyorum 3'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp7CP9AUiyKzZGsYlW_0CniIf4uI-TXx2DLrbEe6p_-UuKKH6n7sZT9R_hLRmfMHEJd4cBiR0nvHVGw-exhyugOmnbQCFBbSALHWH2S8aOuSFgtUGG2FOKhF_p12kjU0SRQVkb70OaEX4/s72-c/eeprom_picbasic.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-9134384239075056729</id><published>2013-03-19T11:22:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2013-03-19T11:38:34.234-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pic Basic Öğreniyorum 2</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;5.ders:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Pic ile Analog – Digital Çevirici Kullanımı:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Günlük hayatta kullandığımız cihazlar genelde Analog ve Dijital olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadırlar. Sayısal sistemle çalışan tüm cihazlar Dijital olarak nitelendirilmekte bunun dışındakiler ise Analog cihazlar olarak nitelendirilmektedirler. Mikroişlemcilerin tamamı dijital cihazlardır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Zaman zaman mikroişlemci bazlı bazı cihazların Analog cihazları kontrol etmesi istenir. Zaman zamanda Analog sinyallerin işlenip değerlendirilmesi için bu sinyallerin dijital sinyaller haline getirilmesi gerekir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
İşte bu gibi durumlarda Analog – Digital çeviriciler kullanılır. Yalnızca A/D çevirici olarak üretilmiş entegreler olduğu gibi bazı Pic’ler de bu çeviriciler seçimli olarak hazır bulunurlar. Burada&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A/D&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;çeviricisi bulunan Pic’ler incelenecek ve kullanımları konusunda örnekler verilecektir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu konuda en çok kullanılan Pic’lerden birisi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PIC16F877&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;entegresidir. 40 bacaklı olan bu entegrede 8 kanal ve 10 bit hassasiyette&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A/D&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;çeviricisi bulunmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
A/D çevirim prensibi genelde bir kondansatörün belirli bir referans voltajı ile şarj edilip deşarj için geçen sürenin sayılması esasına dayanır. Elde edilen süre bilgisi ise Analog değere karşılık elde edilmiş olan dijital değer olarak verilir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Üzerinde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A/D&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;çevirici bulunan bir Pic kullanılırken yapılacak işlerin başında hangi bacakların ANALOG hangilerinin&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DIGITAL&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak kullanılacağına karar vermektir. Sonra A/D çevirici için referans voltajı kaynağının seçimi yapılmalıdır. İki türlü referans voltajı vardır. Birincisi Pic’in kendi VDD beslemesi (+5V) diğeri ise harici bir voltaj kaynağıdır. Tabiiki harici kaynaklar referans voltajının 5 Volt’tan farklı olması durumunda seçilmelidir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Şimdi gelelim bu seçimleri yaptıktan sonra bunları Pic’e nasıl vereceğimize. A/D çeviricisi olan Pic’lerde&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADCON&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;register’i denilen 8 bitlik bir yazmaç bulunmaktadır. Genellikle bu yazmaç&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADCON1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;adı ile isimlendirilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PIC16F877&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADCON1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazmaç’ını inceleyelim.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2: ADCON1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 9Fh)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho9wpAcv5VGbNalCLTvgkUZYtxrUxVjdl0NNXF5aQTg_Lp0WTIXqROOS0zSvAUaZ2X6qVl6jq9Sgp9OOYtW6pyNBFNW11mDuODD1XXnTjpRtLCUlGvaOwGEQ195ynXYohG85pOQQpkmM4/s1600/adcon1_register.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho9wpAcv5VGbNalCLTvgkUZYtxrUxVjdl0NNXF5aQTg_Lp0WTIXqROOS0zSvAUaZ2X6qVl6jq9Sgp9OOYtW6pyNBFNW11mDuODD1XXnTjpRtLCUlGvaOwGEQ195ynXYohG85pOQQpkmM4/s400/adcon1_register.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bit-7:&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A/D&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Sonuç Format Seçme biti dir.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;1 olur ise sonuç sağa hizalanmış ,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADRESH&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin 6. uç bitleri 0 olarak okunur.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;0 olur ise sonuç sola hizalanmış,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADRESL&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin alt bitleri 0 olarak okunur.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bit 6-4 arası kullanılmaz ve 0 olarak okunur.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bit -3-0 arası&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PCFG3&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;–&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PCFG0 A/D&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;portu ayarlama kontrol bitleridir. İşte bu bitleri ayarlayarak portların seçimleri yapılır. Aşağıdaki tabloya bakınız.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4mgmZLpc34Mad5JHQUgC1UwQmOw9ILrSi5OcWUUhVEOxX6vKCuQdRay6QKH6fuwfOynvYGR3YsKJTNVogU-T8fLlpVC9e2xJ22YPLmUcxGfbnZ56dFSWtdYQqA5d-Q7C_VJ-ld7CUVVI/s1600/adcon1_register_2.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;151&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4mgmZLpc34Mad5JHQUgC1UwQmOw9ILrSi5OcWUUhVEOxX6vKCuQdRay6QKH6fuwfOynvYGR3YsKJTNVogU-T8fLlpVC9e2xJ22YPLmUcxGfbnZ56dFSWtdYQqA5d-Q7C_VJ-ld7CUVVI/s400/adcon1_register_2.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi tablo üzerinde biraz kafa yoralım.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Şayet&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PCFG3:PCFG0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bitlerini&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;0000&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak verir isek bu durumda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RA0-RA3 , RA5, RE0-RE2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;bacaklarının tamamı&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ANALOG&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak ayarlanmış olacak ve artı referans Voltajı VDD den eksi referans voltajı ise VSS yani&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;den alınacaktır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Şimdi diyelim ki bize 3 adet Analog giriş lazım diğerleri Digital olabilir. +5V ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de referans voltajları olarak kullanılacak. Bu durumda tabloya bakar isek 0100 değeri tam istediğimiz ayarlamayı yapabiliyor. Tablonun en son hanesinde ilk değer kaç Analog giriş olduğunu / işaretinden sonraki değer ise harici referans voltaj girişi adedini gösteriyor. Seçtiğimiz değerde burası 3/0 olarak görülmektedir. Anlamı 3 adet Analog giriş ve sıfır referans voltajı var demek. Zaten biz Pic’in kendi voltaj girişlerini kullanmak istediğimizden gerçektende bize sıfır referans girişi lazımdır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Pic’in voltaj girişleri referans voltajı olarak seçildiğinde Pic’e giren Analog voltaj değerinin 5 Volt’u aşmamasına dikkat edilmelidir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu şekilde tablonun kullanılmasını anlattıktan sonra bu aşamada tüm girişlerin Digital seçilmesi konusunda değinmek isterim. Analog girişlerin Digital olarak kullanılması istenir ise tablodan sağ tarafta 0/0 değerinin bulunduğu satırda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PCFG3:PCFG0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;değeri 0111 (Desimal 7) olarak görülür. Demek ki&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADCON1=7&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;veya&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADCON1=%0111&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;dediğimiz zaman&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Pic 17F877&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin Analog girişleri iptal edilerek normal Digital giriş çıkışa dönüştürülmektedir. A/D çeviricisi bulunan Piclerde aksine bir komut bulunmaz ise ilk açılışta A/D pin’ler Analog olarak açılırlar. Dolayısıyla bu pinleri Digital kullanmak isterseniz mutlaka Adcon1=7 komutunu vermeniz gerekir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu kadar bilgi bir örnek üzerinde çalışmamız için yeterlidir. Şimdi bir örnek program yapalım.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnek Program&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu programımız&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;AN0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yani&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacağına bağlayacağımız bir potansiyometre üzerinden voltaj okuması yapılmasını sağlayacaktır.&lt;br /&gt;
Bu durumda 1 adet Analog giriş gerekiyor.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PCFG3:PCFG0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;değeri olarak tablodan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1110&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;değerini seçiyoruz. Bu seçenek tek Analog giriş (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;AN0-RA0&lt;/strong&gt;) verdiği gibi Pic in voltaj girişlerini de referans voltajı olarak kullanmamızı sağlamaktadır. Devremiz aşağıdaki gibi olacaktır.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoUsq2sLLfHa8eEGxebD4WfTiXR2NNpc7N568KJGGzv_C0X2itTEdm5hvjH_66sYiok8eFmHQvHIaIQANLoyRnFC_MylK5C9Jx1ePnTbfTPBcRM7NLgJ8seuDd52YlIfwNLYZnPsmzrBA/s1600/pcfg3_pcfg0_picbasic_lcd.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;291&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoUsq2sLLfHa8eEGxebD4WfTiXR2NNpc7N568KJGGzv_C0X2itTEdm5hvjH_66sYiok8eFmHQvHIaIQANLoyRnFC_MylK5C9Jx1ePnTbfTPBcRM7NLgJ8seuDd52YlIfwNLYZnPsmzrBA/s400/pcfg3_pcfg0_picbasic_lcd.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi Programımızı yazalım&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘****************************************************************
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name    :&lt;/span&gt; ADC.BAS                                         	*
‘*&lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Author  :&lt;/span&gt; [ETE]                                	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notice  :&lt;/span&gt; Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE]                          	*
‘*          : All Rights Reserved                               	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Date    :&lt;/span&gt; 20.04.2005                                        	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0                                               	*
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Notes   :&lt;/span&gt; *
‘*          :                                                   	*
‘****************************************************************
TRISA=%00000001
TRISB=0
TRISC=0
TRISD=0
‘——————————————————————————-
@ DEVICE pic16F877
@ DEVICE pic16F877, WDT_on
@ DEVICE pic16F877, PWRT_ON
@ DEVICE pic16F877, PROTECT_OFF
@ DEVICE pic16F877, XT_OSC
‘——————————————————————————-
DEFINE LCD_DREG	PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD  data bacakları hangi Porta bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_DBIT		4  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  data bacakları hangi bitten başlıyor?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EREG	PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  Enable Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EBIT		3 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  Enable Bacağı Hangi bite bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
define LCD RWREG         PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD R/W Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
define LCD_RWBIT          2  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD R/W Bacağı Hangi bite bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSREG	PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD  RS Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSBIT	1&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD RS  bacağı Hangi Bite bağlı  ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_BITS		4 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD 4  bit mi yoksa 8 bit olarak bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_LINES	2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD Kaç  sıra yazabiliyor&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————————-
DEFINE	ADC_BITS	10 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘A/D  çevirim sonucu kaç bit olacak&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE	ADC_CLOCK	3&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Clock  kaynağı (3=rc)&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE	ADC_SAMPLEUS	100  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Örnekleme zamanı mikro saniye cinsinden.&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————————-
ADCON1=%10001110&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘7. bit 1  yapıldı 10 bit sonuç almak için.&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————————-
HAM    var  word &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ADC den  okunan ham Digital değer.&lt;/span&gt;
VOLT   var  word &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘16 bit  değişken tipi seçtik kullanacağımız değer 10 bit olacak.&lt;/span&gt;
Mvolt    var  byte
‘——————————————————————————-
Low PORTB.2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ LCD R/W line  Low (W), şemada direkt GND ye bağlanabilir.&lt;/span&gt;
LCDOut $FE,1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ LCD de CLS  yapar&lt;/span&gt;
pause 200&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ LCD nin açılması  için gerekli süredir.&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————————- &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;/span&gt;
ADCIN 0,HAM &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘0 nolu kanaldan  Analog değeri oku ve RAW değişkenine aktar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BAK:   IF ADCON0.2=1  THEN BAK &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Çevirme işlemi tamamlanınca Adcon0.2=0 olacak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; lcdout $FE,1,” HAM =”,#  HAM
Ham=ham+1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Hesap kolaylığı açısından Ham değerini bir artırdık&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Okunan değer 0-5 volt için 0-1024 olacağından okunacak değer  başına volt değeri&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘ 5/1024 =0,0048828 olacaktır. Sayı çok küçük olduğundan bu değeri 1000  ile&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘çarpmalıyız. O halde (Okuma/V)= 4,8828 bu değeri 256 ile çarpar isek&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘4,8875 x 256 = 1250 değerini buluruz. Bu değeri kullanarak 32 bit işlem  yapabiliriz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘1250 değeri (5/1024)*256 değerine karşılık gelmektedir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
’sonuçta ADC HAM değerini bu sayı ile çarpıp 256′ya bölersek sonucu elde  etmiş oluruz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘ancak sonuç 32 bitlik sınırda olduğundan bu işi 32 bit çarpma ile  yapıyoruz ve orta&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘baytı aldığımızda ise zaten sayının 256′ya bölünmüş halini aldığımızdan  başka bir&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘işlem yapmadan sonucu elde etmiş oluruz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Volt=(ham */ 1250)/100&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Ham ile 1250 yi 32 bit olarak çarp ve 100′böl&lt;/span&gt;
Mvolt=Volt // 10  		‘Mvolt= Volt   MOD  10&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Burada yeni bir komut veya işlem şekli görüyorsunuz. MOD  alma yani (//) kalan bulma&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘Bir sayını başka bir sayıya bölünmesinden sonra kalan miktarı bulma  işlemine MOD&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘alma denir. Örnek W=A//1000 , A’yı 1000′e böl kalanı W değişkenine koy  anlamındadır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘bizde yukarıda Mili volt değerini bulmak için volt (10 ile çarpılmış  halini) 10′a&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘bölüp kalanı Mvolt değişkenine yerleştiriyoruz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Volt=Volt/10&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; LCDOUT $FE,$C0,”  VOLT=”,#VOLT,”,”,# Mvolt
PAUSE 500
GOTO &lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADC&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;işlemlerinde ölçümler genelde çok kararlı olmaz. Bir biri arkasına yapılan ölçümlerde ufak tefek farklılıklar görülebilir. Bu nedenle çoğunlukla ortalama alma metodu kullanılır. Aynı yerde birden fazla ölçüm alınır ve sonuçlar toplanır. Sonuçta kaç adet ölçüm yapılmış ise toplam, o sayıya bölünür. Örnek vermek gerekir ise;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;For I=1 To 10&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;ADCIN 0,HAM&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;TOPLAM=TOPLAM+HAM&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;NEXT I&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;HAM=TOPLAM/10&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Sonuçta Ham değeri 10 adet ölçümün ortalamasını gösterecektir ve oldukça kararlı bir değer olacaktır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;çevirme işlemlerinde en önemli husus elde edilen Ham değerin istenen değere çevrilmesi için oluşturulacak formülün bulunmasıdır. Örneğin bir sıcaklık ölçümü yapıyorsunuz ve bir ısı sensörü değerini ölçüyorsunuz. 8 bitlik bir işlemde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;0-255&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;arası değerler , 10 bitlik bir işlemde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;0-1023&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;arası değerler bulacaksınız. Peki bu değerleri nasıl sıcaklık değeri olarak göstereceksiniz. İşin önemli noktası burası.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Hemen şu hesaplamayı yapmalısınız. 8 bit&amp;nbsp;hesaplama&amp;nbsp;için , Sensör den okunabilecek en yüksek değer 255 olacaktır. Peki bu değer kaç derece sıcaklığa eşdeğerdir?. Yani Sensör ün gösterebileceği maksimum sıcaklık ne olacaktır. Bunu sensör bilgilerinden (bilgi formu veya üretici bilgilerinden) alacaksınız. Diyelim ki 120 dereceye eş değerdir. O halde birim okuma başına düşen sıcaklık değeri 120/255 =0,470 derece olacaktır.&lt;br /&gt;
Bunu Pic de kullanabilmek için 0,470 x100 = 47 olarak bir değer elde edilecektir. Demek ki ben okuduğum değeri 47 ile çarpıp sonucu 100 e bölersem sıcaklığı bulabilirim.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
O halde sensör den okunan 134 dijital değerinin sıcaklık karşılığı ne olacaktır diye sorduğumuzda formülümüz bize;&lt;br /&gt;
Sıcaklık =(134 x 47)/100=62,98 derece olarak bulunacaktır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
ADC konusunda söylenecek son söz olarak üzerinde ADC çevirici bulunan her Pic farklı özellikler taşıyabilir. En azından Analog pinlerinin ayarlanması işlemi farklı olabilir. Bu nedenle farklı Pic ler ile çalışırken mutlaka bilgi formlarında belirtilen ADC özelliklerine göz atmanızı tavsiye ediyorum.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Diğer bir husus da program başında verilen ADC DEFINE parametrelerinin ayarlanmasıdır.&lt;br /&gt;
Bunlar;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE	ADC_BITS	10&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘A/D çevirim sonucu kaç bit olacak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE	ADC_CLOCK	3&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Clock kaynağı (3=rc)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE	ADC_SAMPLEUS	100&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘Örnekleme zamanı mikro saniye cinsinden.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Sırası ile tekrar gözden geçirirsek;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE	ADC_BITS	10&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ADC çevirim sonucunun kaç bitlik olacağını ayarlamaktadır. Sonuç 8 bit ise buraya 8 , 10 bit ise buraya 10 yazılmalıdır. Tabiiki kullanılacak değişken tespit edilen Bit değerine uygun olmalıdır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE	ADC_CLOCK	3 ‘Clock kaynağı (3=rc)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Adc çevrim işlemlerinde her bit karşılığı bir Clock palsı ile belirlenir. Clock kaynağı olarak Pic in osilatörü veya dahili RC osilatör kullanılır. ADC işlemlerinde Bit başına çevirim süresi yaklaşık 1,6 mikro saniye olmalıdır. Pic in kendi osilatörü kullanılacak ise bu süreyi tutturmak için sistemi çalıştıran kristal frekansına göre bir hesap yapılıp gerekli parametre bulunmalı ve buraya yazılmalıdır. Şimdi örnek bir hesap yapalım.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu hesapta kullanabileceğimiz formül şöyledir;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Tçevirim= X/Fosc.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Burada X değeri 2 veya 8 veya 32 olabilmektedir. Fosc ise kristal frekansı olup MHZ cinsindendir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Tçevirim=1,6 us.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Olduğuna göre şimdi diyelim ki kristal frekansımız 4 Mhz ve Pic’in osilatörü nü kullanacağız. Hesaba göre ;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;(00) Tcevirim=2/4 = 0,5 us çıkar 1,6 dan çok küçük olduğu için uygun değildir.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;(01) Tcevirim=8/4 = 2 us çıkar 1,6 dan büyük ve yakın olduğu için kullanılabilir.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;(10) Tcevirim=32/4 = 8 us çıkar 1,6 dan çok büyük olduğu için uygun değildir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Kullanılabilir olan 8 değerinin Define komutundaki karşılığı (%01=1) 1 dir.O halde komut&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE	ADC_CLOCK	1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘olacaktır.&lt;br /&gt;
Aynı hesabı&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;20 MHz&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;için yapar isek;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;(00) Tcevirim=2/20 = 0,1 us çıkar 1,6 dan çok küçük olduğu için uygun değildir.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;(01) Tcevirim=8/20 = 0,4 us çıkar 1,6 dan çok küçük olduğu için uygun değildir.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;(10) Tcevirim=32/20 = 1,6 us çıkar 1,6 ile aynı olduğundan çok uygundur.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
O halde komut; (%10=2)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE	ADC_CLOCK	2&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘olacaktır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Kristal osilatör ün uygun olmadığı durumlarda (%11=3) bu komut 3 olarak verilerek dahili RC osilatör kullanılır. En çok kullanılan seçenek budur.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Son olarak;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE	ADC_SAMPLEUS	100&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutunu inceleyelim.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;çevirim işleminin dahili bir kondansatörün önce şarj edilip sonra deşarj olma süresinin ölçüldüğünü söylemiş idik. Belirtilen&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ADC_SAMPLEUS&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;süresi ADC işleminin başlatılmasını müteakip yani&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADON&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;bit inin set edilmesini müteakip uygulanan bir gecikme süresidir ve bir yerde kondansatörün şarj süresi olarak açıklanır. Genelde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;50-100 us&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;dolayındaki süreler çevirim için uygun gelmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Son bir örnek vererek ADC konusunu bitirelim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Örneğimiz 5K değerinde bir termistör ün ısı sensörü olarak kullanımına ait bir örnek olacaktır. Termistör değerini ölçerek ekranda buna karşılık gelen sıcaklık değerini göstermeye çalışacağız. Kullanacağımız termistör&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;NTC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Negative Temperature Coefficient) tipi bir termistör olacak yani sıcaklık arttıkça direnç değeri azalacak. Birde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PTC&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;tipleri mevcut olup bunlarda sıcaklık arttıkça direnç değeri de artmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Programa geçmeden önce bazı varsayımlarımız olacak. 5 K lık termistör ’ün değeri 25 oC de ölçülen değeridir. Varsayalım ki 0 oC de ki değeri 6 K olsun. 50 oC de ise 3 K olsun. Bu kriterleri kullanarak programımızı yazalım. Amacımız bu termistör ü kullanarak bir termometre yapmak olacaktır. Önce devremizi verelim&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNES4iK6sH3mVXEcgGh56kkCKZdMYQvi8GBmnTwkMrpGOwmzrqXQULQRk8R94_RbSk2oBRQPQdpPcVaS9o0hq1eZCH2QwzreAVr7qX4YHyVfIhqGP7p3mOlY7PttsZ_RpUXFh1VwgfTYI/s1600/picbasic_isi_termometre_lcd.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;295&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNES4iK6sH3mVXEcgGh56kkCKZdMYQvi8GBmnTwkMrpGOwmzrqXQULQRk8R94_RbSk2oBRQPQdpPcVaS9o0hq1eZCH2QwzreAVr7qX4YHyVfIhqGP7p3mOlY7PttsZ_RpUXFh1VwgfTYI/s400/picbasic_isi_termometre_lcd.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
5 K lık termistör 0 derecede 6 K olacağı ve 50 derecede 3K ya düşeceği için yaklaşık 3K lık bir direnç sabit kalmakta yalnızca 3 K lık bölüm değişmektedir. O nedenle şemada 5 K lık termistör 3K (Pot) + 3K sabit Direnç olarak gösterilmiştir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ÖRNEK PROGRAM : TERMISTOR.BAS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘****************************************************************
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name    : &lt;/span&gt;TERMISTOR.BAS                                      	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Author  :&lt;/span&gt; [Erol Tahir Erdal]                                	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notice  :&lt;/span&gt; Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE]                          	*
‘*          : All Rights Reserved                               	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Date    :&lt;/span&gt; 21.04.2005                                        	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0                                               	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notes   : &lt;/span&gt;*
‘*          :                                                   	*
‘****************************************************************
TRISA=%00000001
TRISB=0
TRISC=0
TRISD=0
‘——————————————————————————-
@ DEVICE pic16F877
@ DEVICE pic16F877, WDT_on
@ DEVICE pic16F877, PWRT_ON
@ DEVICE pic16F877, PROTECT_OFF
@ DEVICE pic16F877, XT_OSC
‘——————————————————————————-
DEFINE LCD_DREG	PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  data bacakları hangi porta bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_DBIT	4 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD data  bacakları hangi bitten başlıyor?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EREG	PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  Enable Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EBIT	3 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  Enable Bacağı Hangi bite bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD RWREG    	PORTB  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD R/W Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RWBIT    	2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  R/W Bacağı Hangi bite bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSREG	PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  RS Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSBIT	1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS  bacağı Hangi Bite bağlı  ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_BITS	4 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD 4 bit  mi yoksa 8 bit olarak bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_LINES	2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD Kaç  sıra yazabiliyor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE  ADC_BITS	10&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘A/D çevirim sonucu kaç bit olacak&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE  ADC_CLOCK	3 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Clock  kaynağı (3=rc)&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE  ADC_SAMPLEUS	100&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Şarj  zamanı mikro saniye cinsinden.&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————————-
ADCON1=%10001110&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘7. bit 1  yapıldı 10 bit sonuç almak için.&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————————-
ISI   VAR word
HAM   VAR WORD
ONDA  VAR BYTE
‘——————————————————————————-
Low PORTB.2&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ LCD R/W line  Low (W), şemada direkt GND ye bağlanabilir.&lt;/span&gt;
LCDOut $FE,1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ LCD de CLS  yapar&lt;/span&gt;
pause 200&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ LCD nin açılması  için gerekli süredir.&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————————- &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;/span&gt;
ADCIN 0,HAM&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘0 nolu kanaldan  Analog değeri oku ve RAW değişkenine aktar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BAK:  IF ADCON0.2=1 THEN  BAK &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Çevirme işlemi tamamlanınca Adcon0.2=0 olacak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; lcdout $FE,1,”HAM =”,#  HAM&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘50 derecede okunan ADC değeri 256 ve 0 derecede okunan 146 olduğundan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘0-50 derece arası okunan değer farkı 110 dur (256-146) . O halde her  bir derece&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘için okunması gereken değer 110/50=2,2 olacaktır. Pic e uyarlamak için&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘okunan değeri 10 ile çarpıp 22 ye bölersek direkt sıcaklığı bulmuş  olacağız.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘ondalık değeri de hesaplamak için 10 yerine 100 ile çarpıyoruz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ISI=((HAM-146)*100)/22
onda=ISI//10
ISI=ISI/10
LCDOUT $FE,$C0,”     ISI=”,#ISI,”,”,#onda,”`C”
pause 500
GOTO &lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;5.ders &amp;nbsp;Proteus ve hex dosyaları &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/pic-basic-pic-programlama-5.zip&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;6.ders:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;KESME (INTERRUPT) KULLANIMI:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tüm bilgisayarlar ve mikroislemci sistemlerinde kullanılan bir özelliktir.&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/basit-devreler/&quot; style=&quot;color: #0066cc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Basit&quot;&gt;Basit&lt;/a&gt;çe açıklamak gerekirse, bir mikroislemciye kesme anında neler yapması gerektigi bir program bölümü seklinde verilir. Açıkçası mikro islemci kesme oluştugu anda yaptıgı isi tamamen bırakarak kesme bölümüne gider ve orada gösterilen isleri yapar. Kesme bölümünün sonunda tekrar geriye dön komutunu alır ve önceden yaptıgı ise kaldıgı yerden devam etmek üzere döner.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu olayı günlük hayatımızda yasadıgımız bir örnekle açıklayalım isterseniz. Diyelim ki bir evde yasıyorsunuz ve bir gün tüm aileyi topladınız. Amacınız aileye bir yangın olması durumunda ne yapılması gerektigini ögreteceksiniz. Burada yangının meydana gelmesi bir kesme olayı olacaktır. Normal yasama düzeninde hiç yangın olmaz ise kesme oluşmayacak demektir. Ama oluşma ihtimali her zaman olacaktır. Simdi bir aksam yemegi esnasında yangın çıktıgını varsayalım. Kesme oluşacak ve herkes önceden ögretildigi gibi görevinin basına kosacak. Yangın söndürülecek ve her kes yemege geri dönecektir. iste tipik bir kesme olayına&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;örnek. Kesme olayını kısaca açıkladıktan sonra Pic islemcilerinde hangi olayların kesme yaratabilecegine bir göz atalım.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RB0/INT KESMESİ:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;En çok kullanılanlardan birisi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pininde meydana gelen lojik seviye degisikliginin oluşturacagı kesme dir. Option Yazmaçının 6. biti önceden ayarlanarak kesmenin sıfırdan – bir konumuna geçiste mi yoksa bir konumundan – sıfır konumuna geçiste mi oluşturulacagı belirlenir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION_REG.6=0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olur ise RB0 da düsen kenarda kesme oluşur.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION_REG.6=1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olur ise RB0 da yükselen kenarda kesme oluşur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Düsen veya yükselen kenar terimi bir clock palsının kenar sekli olarak anlasılmalıdır. Kesme isleminin aktif edilebilmesi için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INTCON&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(interrupt control registeri) yazmaçı kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnegin RB0 kesmesinin aktif hale getirilebilmesi için;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INTCON.4=1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yapılmalı ve daha sonra ;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INTCON.7=1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;degeri 7 nolu bite verilerek tüm kesmeler açılmalıdır.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Bu iki deger tek bir komutlada verilebilir. Söyle,&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INTCON=%10010000&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu kesme aktif hale getirildikten sonra sayet bir kesme oluşur ise&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;INTCON&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazmaçı nın 1 nolu biti 0 konumundan 1 konumuna geçer. Bu bit sayet tekrar 0 konumuna program içinde getirilmez ise yeniden bir kesme oluşmaz. Bu nedenle programın&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;KESME&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bölümünde bu bit sıfırlanmalıdır. RB0/INT Kesme kullanımını toparlamak gerekir ise;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RB0/INT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kesmesini kullanmak için yapılması gerekenler sırası ile;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;- Programın bas kısmına&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ON INTERRUPT GOTO KESME&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu verilerek kesme oluştugunda programın gidecegi yer (KESME) belirlenir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RB0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pini giris olarak ayarlanacak&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;- Gerekir ise Option Yazmaçının 7. biti 1 veya 0 yapılarak pullup dirençleri istege göre ayarlanacak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Option Yazmaçının 6 biti 1 veya 0 olarak ayarlanarak kesmenin düsen kenar veya yükselen kenardamı olacağına karar verilecek.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Intcon yazmaçına&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INTCON=%10010000&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;degeri verilerek kesme aktif hale getirilecek.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Kesme bölümüne baslarken&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DISABLE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu verilerek kesme anında yeniden kesme oluşumuna imkan verilmeyecek.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Kesme bölümünde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INTCON.1=0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu verilerek kesmeden dolayı 1 olan bayrak tekrar sıfırlanır ve sonradan yeni kesme oluşmasına imkan tanınır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Kesme bölümünün sonunda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RESUME&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;komutu verilerek programın kesme oluşmasından önceki yerine dönmesi saglanır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- En sona&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ENABLE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu yazılarak kesmeden dönüldükten sonra tüm kesmeler aktif hale getirilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Simdi de ögrendiklerimizi bir örnek vererek açıklayalım. Örnek Programımız&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RB0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacagına baglı bir tus yardımı ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacagına baglı olan bir led’i yakıp söndürsün. Program içinde tusa basıldı mı? seklinde bir komut vermeden direkt kesme özelliginden yararlanacagız.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Yani&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RB0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacagını sürekli 1 konumunda tutacağız (pullu up ile). Dolayısıyla bu bacagı tusa basarak sıfıra çekersek kesme oluşacak ve kesme bölümünde de led’i toggle komutu ile yanıksa söndürecegiz, sönük ise yakacagız. Tabiiki seçim olarak&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RB0/INT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacagı düsen kenar da kesme oluşacak sekilde ayarlanacaktır. Önce semamızı verelim;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-_GG2sPq8MGE1GgxZ8voqKhRgdN1aOFgz3bqIJm6R3uJ0VF3M5BBtsDjypXvTKApapGdjSFmqU0PHhZOGhYDmRcNBAxBgFlA0N1HfwS1mva9wkPrUrWcWUZWUxI4LdYvPMMv_AChr1Sg/s1600/kesme-devre-semasini-verelim.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;216&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-_GG2sPq8MGE1GgxZ8voqKhRgdN1aOFgz3bqIJm6R3uJ0VF3M5BBtsDjypXvTKApapGdjSFmqU0PHhZOGhYDmRcNBAxBgFlA0N1HfwS1mva9wkPrUrWcWUZWUxI4LdYvPMMv_AChr1Sg/s400/kesme-devre-semasini-verelim.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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iste Programımız;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘****************************************************************
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name :&lt;/span&gt; KESME-RB0.BAS *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Author :&lt;/span&gt; [Erol Tahir Erdal] *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notice :&lt;/span&gt; Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE] *
‘* : All Rights Reserved *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Date : &lt;/span&gt;23.04.2005 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notes : &lt;/span&gt;*
‘* : *
‘****************************************************************
PORTA=0
TrisA=%00000000
TrisB=%00000000
‘—————————————————————–
@ DEVICE pic16F628&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘islemci  16F628&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_on &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Watch Dog timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Power on timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Kod Koruma kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_OFF &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘MCLR pini kullanılmıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628,  INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Dahili osilatör kullanılacak&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————–
ON INTERRUPT GoTo KESME&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘kesme oluşursa KESME adlı etikete git.&lt;/span&gt;
OPTION_REG=%0000000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘dahili  Pull up dirençleri aktif edildi ayrıca pullup direncine gerek yok&lt;/span&gt;
INTCON=%10010000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Tüm  Kesmeler aktif ve RB0/INT kesmesi aktif&lt;/span&gt;
TRISB=%00000001 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘PortB.0  giris digerleri çıkıs yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
TRISA=%00000000&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘A portu  tamamı çıkıs yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
CMCON=7 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘16F628 de  komparatör pinleri iptal hepsi giris çıkıs&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————–
SYMBOL TUS=PORTB.0
SYMBOL LED=PORTA.0
‘——————————————————————-
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Ana program  bölümünde program bir sey yapmayacak&lt;/span&gt;
pauseus 100 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘kesme  oluşmadıgı müddetçe program&lt;/span&gt;
goto basla&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ bu satırlar  arasında dolasır&lt;/span&gt;
DISABLE &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘yeniden kesme  oluşması önleniyor&lt;/span&gt;
KESME: &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘program buraya  geldiginde kesme oluşmus demektir.&lt;/span&gt;
TOGGLE LED &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LED konum  degistirdi&lt;/span&gt;
PAUSE 1
INTCON.1=0&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘RB0/INT Bayragı (flag) silindi.&lt;/span&gt;
Resume&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘geldigin yere dön&lt;/span&gt;
Enable &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘kesmeler yeniden  aktif.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;End&lt;/span&gt;
‘————————————————————————&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
B portunda dahili pullup dirençleri vardır ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Yazmaçının 7. biti bunların aktif olup olmamasını kontrol eder. Sayet bu bit 0 ise dirençler aktif, 1 ise dirençler devrede degildir. Sanırım örnek her seyi açıkça anlatıyor. Burada özellikle dikkat edilecek yer ana program bölümünde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;pauseus 100&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutundan baska bir komut olmadıgıdır. Normal olarak program kesme oluşuncaya kadar sürekli Basla etiketi ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Goto basla&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu arasında dönüp duracaktır. Buraya kadar açıklananlar yalnızca RB0/INT kesmesinin kullanımına örnektir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTB (RB4-RB7) DEGİSİKLİK KESMESİ :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu kesme tipinde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RB4-RB7&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacaklarının mevcut konumlarında oluşacak bir degisiklik sonucunda da kesme oluşturulmaktadır. Bu kesme&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTB&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;nin&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RB4-RB7&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;arası bacaklarının tamamının giris yapılması halinde geçerlidir. Bacaklardan birisi çıkıs yapılır ise kesme iptal olur.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Kesme bir kere aktif hale getirilir ise bu 4 adet bacak degeri sürekli pic tarafından okunur. Okunan deger bir önceki ile karsılastırılır. Sayet fark var ise kesme oluşur. Kesme de oluşan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RBIF&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bayragının silinmesi için PortB nin bir kere programcı tarafından mutlaka okutulması gerekir. Aksi taktirde bayrak silinemez ve sürekli kesme oluşur.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Tabiiki yalnızca PortB nin okunması bayragı silmeye yetmeyecektir. Ayrıca RBIF bayragının&lt;br /&gt;
kesme bölümünde silinmesi de gerekir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RB PORT (Rb4-Rb7)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Degisiklik Kesmesinin oluşması İçin Gerekenler :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Programın bas kısmına&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ON INTERRUPT GOTO KESME&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu verilerek kesme oluştugunda programın gidecegi yer (KESME) belirlenir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
-&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;RB4-RB7&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pinleri mutlaka giris olarak ayarlanacak&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
- Intcon yazmaçının 3 biti bu kesme için ayrılmıstır. Bu bit 1 yapılarak kesme aktif edilir.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INTCON=%10001000&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;degeri verilerek kesme aktif hale getirilecek.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
- Kesme bölümüne baslarken&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DISABLE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu verilerek kesme anında yeniden kesme oluşumuna imkan verilmeyecek.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
- Kesme Bölümünde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DURUM=PORTB&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;seklinde port degeri okunacak&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
- Kesme bölümünde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INTCON.0=0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu verilerek kesmeden dolayı 1 olan bayrak tekrar sıfırlanır ve sonradan yeni kesme oluşmasına imkan tanınır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
- Kesme bölümünün sonunda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RESUME&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu verilerek programın kesme oluşmasından önceki yerine dönmesi saglanır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
En sona&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ENABLE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu yazılarak kesmeden dönüldükten sonra tüm kesmeler aktif hale getirilir&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu kesmeyi bir örnekle açıklayalım. Bu defa yine&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pinine bir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;baglı olsun.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB.7&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;pinine bir Tus baglayalım ve bu sefer tus, pulldown yani&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye çekili olsun. Tusa basılınca&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB.7&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;pinine&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;High&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
uygulayalım.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;İste baglantı semamız;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKQpmHiwVaGQ1qRpc6BRZGG3MDnkqI3foxXQSDPPSRVa_Msuy4qNymuUSfAMBxhgvo8hyphenhyphenbOccG34IMI4JNFSZMMV365ah0IYVUJt9KSR1zOfjBnU-BFYYQwCzTdQfl4TfFAOPn06WPJVo/s1600/kesme-baglanti-semasi.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;208&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKQpmHiwVaGQ1qRpc6BRZGG3MDnkqI3foxXQSDPPSRVa_Msuy4qNymuUSfAMBxhgvo8hyphenhyphenbOccG34IMI4JNFSZMMV365ah0IYVUJt9KSR1zOfjBnU-BFYYQwCzTdQfl4TfFAOPn06WPJVo/s400/kesme-baglanti-semasi.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Program RB (4-7) Degisiklik Kesmesi:&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘****************************************************************
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name : &lt;/span&gt;KESME-RBCH.BAS *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Author :&lt;/span&gt; [Erol Tahir Erdal] *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notice :&lt;/span&gt; Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE] *
‘* : All Rights Reserved *
‘*&lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Date :&lt;/span&gt; 23.04.2005 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notes :&lt;/span&gt; *
‘* : *
‘****************************************************************
PORTA=0:portb=0
TRISB=%11110000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘PortB tamamı giris yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
TRISA=%00000000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘A portu  tamamı çıkıs yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————–
@ DEVICE pic16F628&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘islemci  16F628&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_on &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Watch Dog timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Power on timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Kod Koruma kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_off &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘MCLR pini kullanılmıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628,  INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Dahili osilatör kullanılacak&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————–
ON INTERRUPT GoTo KESME  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘kesme oluşursa KESME adlı etikete git.&lt;/span&gt;
OPTION_REG=%10000000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘dahili  Pull up dirençleri iptal edildi&lt;/span&gt;
INTCON=%10001000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Kesmeler  aktif ve RB CHANGE kesmesi aktif&lt;/span&gt;
CMCON=7 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘16F628 de  komparatör pinleri iptal hepsi giris çıkıs&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————–
DURUM VAR BYTE
SYMBOL TUS=PORTB.0
SYMBOL LED=PORTA.0
SYMBOL RBIF=INTCON.0
‘——————————————————————-
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Ana program bölümü&lt;/span&gt;
DURUM=PORTB
PAUSEUS 100
GOTO BASLA
DISABLE &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘yeniden kesme  oluşması önleniyor&lt;/span&gt;
KESME:&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ burada kesme oluştu  demektir.&lt;/span&gt;
TOGGLE LED &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LED konum  degistirdi&lt;/span&gt;
PAUSE 300
DURUM=PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘PortB degeri okundu&lt;/span&gt;
RBIF=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘INTCON.0=0 yapıldı  yani RB CHANGE Bayragı (flag) silindi.&lt;/span&gt;
RESUME &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘geldigin yere dön.&lt;/span&gt;
ENABLE &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘kesmeler yeniden  aktif.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;End&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TMR0 KESMESİ :&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ram bellegin 01 adresinde bulunan özel bir yazmaçdır. Genellikle adı üstünde zamanlayıcı olarak kullanılır. 8 bitlik bir sayıcıdır. Yazılabilir okunabilir. Programlanabilen bir özel bölücüsü (prescaler) vardır. Harici veya dahili clock palsları ile sayım yapabilir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Sayma yönü daima artan yöndedir. Bu sayıcı veya zamanlayıcı 255 degerini astıgı zaman degeri tekrar sıfır olur ve bu anda bir kesme oluşturulabilir. Bu sayıcının diger önemli bir özelligi ise arka planda yani ana programdan bagımsız çalısmasıdır. Ana program çalısırken veya kesme oluştugu andan&lt;br /&gt;
itibaren saymasına devam eder.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Yazmacının ilk üç biti frekans bölme (prescaler) ayarlaması için kullanılır. Bu üç bitin aldıgı degerlere göre bölücünün aldıgı degerler asagıda gösterilmistir. Bu bölücü aynı zamanda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;WDT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;içinde kullanıldıgından tabloda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;WDT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;için bölücü degerleride gösterilmistir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgciBQGDDvfTCbvP9NzKJ4mneNTUEv81TYV6e3dEQsi0N3klaSGUfuK2ICcIRepvoa1WaVw4enTOQp99_myr0X8wjelo5JplT1dh7osDWV6uI9fAj1qMnJ5xdsaMO1G8AgrlMleU6tay2o/s1600/tmr0-kesmesi-ram-picbasic.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgciBQGDDvfTCbvP9NzKJ4mneNTUEv81TYV6e3dEQsi0N3klaSGUfuK2ICcIRepvoa1WaVw4enTOQp99_myr0X8wjelo5JplT1dh7osDWV6uI9fAj1qMnJ5xdsaMO1G8AgrlMleU6tay2o/s320/tmr0-kesmesi-ram-picbasic.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Tablodan da anlasılacagı üzere sinyal kaynagından gelen palsların&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TM0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;sayıcısını 1/1 yani direkt saydıracagı bir konum mevcut degildir. Özellikle dısarıdan bir sinyal kaynagından gelen palsların sayılmasında lazım olacak olan bu husus için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazmacının 3. biti 1 (bir) yapılarak frekans bölme islemi WDT için yapılır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu bir nevi aldatmadır. Bölme&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;WDT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;için yapılınca Frekans bölücü&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TM0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bay-Pass&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;edilmis yani atlanmıs olur. Dolayısıyla gelen sinyaller 1/1 olarak Timer0 tarafından sayılır. Bunu yapacagımız örnekte görecegiz.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TM0&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;sayısının kullanılması için bazı parametrelerin önceden ayarlanması gerekiyor. Bunlar sırası ile;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Sayıcının sayabilmesi için gerekli olan clock sinyalinin kaynagı ne olacaktır?. Bu kaynak dahili osilatör olabilecegi gibi standart olarak&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.4 /TOCKI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacagı kullanılarak dısarıdan bir sinyal kaynagı ile beslenebilir. Bu seçim&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazmacının 5. biti olan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TOCS&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;biti ile yapılır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TOCS biti = 0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ise sinyal kaynagı dahili osilatör dür.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TOCS biti = 1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ise sinyal kaynagı&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.4&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pinin den giren harici sinyal kaynagıdır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Harici sinyal kaynagı seçilir ise, sayacın düsen kenarda mı yoksa yükselen kenarda mı sayma isini yapacagı&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazmacının 4. biti olan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TOSE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;biti ile ayarlanır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TOSE Biti = 0&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;ise düsen kenarda sayma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TOSE Biti = 1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ise Yükselen kenarda sayma yapılır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Frekans bölme islemi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TMR0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;için mi yoksa&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;WDT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;için mi geçerli olacaktır? Bunu seçmek için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION&lt;/strong&gt;yazmacının 3. biti olan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PSA&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;biti kullanılır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PSA Biti = 0&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;ise Frekans Bölme TMR0 için geçerli,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PSA Biti = 1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ise Frekans Bölme WDT için geçerli olur.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Son olarak da Frekans bölme kullanılacak ise degeri ayarlanır. Bunun içinde&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;OPTION&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazmacının ilk 3 bitinin kullanıldıgını söylemistik. Tabloda verdigimiz degerlerden biri seçilerek&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;yazmacına yazılır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Programın bas kısmına&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ON INTERRUPT GOTO KESME&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu verilerek kesme oluştugunda programın gidecegi yer (KESME) belirlenir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;6. INTCON&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazmacının 5. biti bu kesme için ayrılmıstır. Bu bit 1 yapılarak kesme aktif edilir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;7.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Kesme bölümüne baslarken&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DISABLE&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;komutu verilerek kesme anında yeniden kesme oluşumuna imkan verilmeyecek.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;8.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Kesme bölümünde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INTCON.2=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;komutu verilerek kesmeden dolayı 1 olan bayrak tekrar sıfırlanır ve sonradan yeni kesme oluşmasına imkan tanınır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;9.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Kesme bölümünün sonunda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RESUME&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu verilerek programın kesme oluşmasından önceki yerine dönmesi saglanır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;10.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;En sona&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ENABLE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu yazılarak kesmeden dönüldükten sonra tüm kesmeler aktif hale getirilir. Burada bir konuyu açıklamakta fayda görüyorum. Dahili veya harici osilatör kullanılması durumunda, frekans degerinin Pic’e baglı kristal degerinin dörtte biri olacağını bilmeniz gerekiyor. Diyelimki Pic 4 MHz lik bir kristal ile çalısıyor. O halde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TMR0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;için kullanılacak sinyal kaynagı 1 MHz frekansa sahip olacaktır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Dahili osilatör ve Frekans bölücü pek çok uygulamalarda kullanılır. Özellikle hassas zamanlama islerinde önemli bir kullanım alanı vardır. Bunların basında Pic’in bir saat olarak kullanılması gelir. Dahili veya harici ösilatör ve frekans bölücü kullanılarak pic’in her bir saniyede bir kesme oluşturmasını saglayabiliriz. Sayet bu zamanı hassas bir sekilde ayarlayabilir isek dogru çalısan bir saat yapabiliriz. Simdi bunu bir örnek ile açıklayalım.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Yapacagımız örnek de 4 MHz de çalısan bir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PIC16F628&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kullanacagız. Dahili sinyal kaynagını kullanarak gelen sinyali 64’e bölecegiz. Bu durumda pic, TMR0’ ile 0 dan baslayıp 255’e kadar sayıp kesme oluşturabilmesi için ;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1 us x 64 x 256 = 16384 us&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;süre kullanacaktır.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1 sn = 1000 ms&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve oda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1000.000 us&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye esit oldugundan sayet&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1.000.000 us&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;degerini&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;16384&lt;/strong&gt;’e bölersek 61 degerini buluruz. O halde her kesme oluştugunda bir baska degiskeni saydırır ve bunun degeri 61 den 62 ye geçtigi anda degerini sıfırlayıp saniye degerini bir artırırsak bir saniyelik saat palslarını yakalamıs oluruz. Bunu bir programda kullanarak da saat yapabiliriz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu örnek için bir semamız asagıdadır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBDJb9K8eY7pkaifDsrQuwnzr2CUUptQxoyM9zofToKbLxOMRyCP8aLL-VuLO47hKPqZaaPwIdtgP3Atv4Yr1LEb1OnlbRWC5lRUD-jvYb3yW_YH-7lLmYzRRbXOPM8yJ-r2rPM8pNtIw/s1600/tmr0-ornek-devre-semasi-picbasic.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;275&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBDJb9K8eY7pkaifDsrQuwnzr2CUUptQxoyM9zofToKbLxOMRyCP8aLL-VuLO47hKPqZaaPwIdtgP3Atv4Yr1LEb1OnlbRWC5lRUD-jvYb3yW_YH-7lLmYzRRbXOPM8yJ-r2rPM8pNtIw/s400/tmr0-ornek-devre-semasi-picbasic.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Programa geçmeden önce gerekli parametrelerimizi tespit edelim; Tespitlerimizin etki alanı&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;OPTION&lt;/strong&gt;Yazmacı olacağından tüm tespitleri Binary olarak bu yazmaca isleyecegiz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Sinyal kaynagımız dahili osilatör olacaktır. O halde TOCS (5.bit) 0 olacaktır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION_REG=%00000000&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Frekans Bölme islemi TMR0 için olacak olup 3. bit 0 olacaktır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION_REG=%00000000&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Frekans bölme (prescaler) degeri 64 olacak olup bunun TMR0 için bit karsılıgı 101 dir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OPTION_REG=%00000101&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;TMR0 kesmesini kullanacagımızdan INCON yazmacının 5. biti high olacaktır. Tüm Kesmeleri açmak için INTCON 7. biti high olacağından bu iki durumu tek komutta toparlarsak,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INTCON=%10100000&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;seklinde bir komut yazmamız gerekir. Bu asamadan sonra programımızı verelim.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘****************************************************************
‘*&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; KESMETMR0.BAS *
‘*&lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Author :&lt;/span&gt; [Erol Tahir Erdal] *
‘*&lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Notice :&lt;/span&gt; Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE] *
‘* : All Rights Reserved *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Date :&lt;/span&gt; 23.04.2005 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notes :&lt;/span&gt; *
‘* : *
‘****************************************************************
PORTA=0:portb=0
TRISB=%00000000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘PortB tamamı çıkıs yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
TRISA=%00000000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘A portu  tamamı çıkıs yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————–
@ DEVICE pic16F628&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘islemci  16F628&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_OFF  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Watch Dog timer kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Power on timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Kod Koruma kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_off &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘MCLR pini kullanılıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628,  INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Dahili osilatör kullanılacak&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————–
DEFINE LCD_DREG PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  data bacakları hangi porta baglı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_DBIT 4 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD data  bacakları hangi bitten baslıyor?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EREG PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD  Enable Bacagı Hangi Porta baglı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EBIT 3 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  Enable Bacagı Hangi bite baglı ?&lt;/span&gt;
define LCD RWREG PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD  R/W Bacagı Hangi Porta baglı?&lt;/span&gt;
define LCD_RWBIT 2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD R/W  Bacagı Hangi bite baglı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSREG PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD  RS Bacagı Hangi Porta baglı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSBIT 1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS  bacagı Hangi Bite baglı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_BITS 4 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD 4 bit  mi yoksa 8 bit olarak baglı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_LINES 2&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD Kaç  sıra yazabiliyor&lt;/span&gt;
‘————————————————————————-
ON INTERRUPT GoTo KESME &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘kesme oluşursa KESME adlı etikete git.&lt;/span&gt;
OPTION_REG=%10000101 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Pull  up dirençleri İPTAL- Bölme oranı 1/64.&lt;/span&gt;
INTCON=%10100000 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Kesmeler  aktif ve TMR0 kesmesi aktif&lt;/span&gt;
TMR0=0
CMCON=7&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘16F628 de komparatör pinleri iptal hepsi giris çıkıs&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————————-
SAYAC VAR BYTE
SN VAR BYTE
DAK VAR BYTE
SAAT VAR BYTE
GUN VAR BYTE
‘—————————————————————————–
CLEAR&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘tüm degiskenler  sıfırlandı&lt;/span&gt;
PAUSE 200
LCDOUT $FE,1
LOW PORTB.2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD -R/W bacagı LOW’a çekildi.&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————————–
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;/span&gt;
LCDOUT $FE,$84,DEC2 SAAT,”:”,DEC2  DAK,”:”,DEC2 SN
GOTO BASLA&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DISABLE
KESME:
SAYAC=SAYAC+1&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘kesme sayacı 1 sn= 61(sayac) x 256 (Tmr0) x 64  (bölme)&lt;/span&gt;
IF SAYAC=61 then&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘61 adet  kesme olunca 1 sn. süre geçiyor.(999424 us)&lt;/span&gt;
SAYAC=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;’sayaç sıfırlanıyor&lt;/span&gt;
SN=SN+1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;’saniye degeri bir  artırılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF SN=60 THEN &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;’saniye 60  olmus ise 1 dakika süre geçti o halde&lt;/span&gt;
SN=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ saniye sıfırlanıyor&lt;/span&gt;
DAK=DAK+1&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ dakika degeri  bir artırılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF DAK=60 THEN&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘dakika 60  olmus ise 1 saat süre geçti&lt;/span&gt;
DAK=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ dakika sıfırlanıyor&lt;/span&gt;
SAAT=SAAT+1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ saat degeri  bir artırılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF SAAT=24 THEN &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;’saat 24  olmus ise 1 gün geçti&lt;/span&gt;
SAAT=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;’saat sıfırlanıyor&lt;/span&gt;
GUN=GUN+1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘gün degeri bir  artırılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF GUN=365 THEN GUN=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘gün  365 olmus ise&lt;/span&gt;
ENDIF &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘gün sıfırlanıyor 1  yıl geçti&lt;/span&gt;
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
INTCON.2=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘TMR0 Kesme bayragı sıfırlanıyor&lt;/span&gt;
RESUME
ENABLE
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;END&lt;/span&gt;
‘———————————————————————————–&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Her ne kadar hesap sonucunda kesmenin oluşturacagı gecikme yaklasık 1 sn hesaplanmıs isede pratikte program komutlarınında bir gecikmeye sebep olacağı unutulmamalıdır. Yukarıdaki programda KESME bölümünde bir çok komut bulunmaktadır. Makine dilinde her bir komut yaklasık (4MHz de) 1 us süre almaktadır. Bu nedenle hesaplama dogru olsa da saat ileri gidebilir veya geri kalabilir. Bunun için SAYAC degeri her 61 kesme yerine 60 – 59 -58 kesmede bir saniye artırımı yaptırılabilir. En iyisi programın yazılması tamamlanınca bir dogru çalısan bir saat yardımı ile süre karsılastırması yapılmalı ve gerekirse SAYAC degeri ile oynanarak hassas bir ayarlama yapılmalıdır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Burada ikinci bir örnek daha verecegiz ve saat’in baska ilerde nasıl kullanılacagına bakacagız. Diyelim ki 4 adet tus ile kontrol edilen 4 adet rölemiz var ve bunlar bir takım sistemleri çalıstırıyorlar. Her bir röle ayrı bir sistemi çalıstırıyor ve biz hangi sistemin ne kadar çalıstıgını bilmek istiyoruz. İste yazacagımız program 4 adet tus yardımı ile 4 adet röleyi çalıstıracak ve arka planda ise TMR0 kesmesi yardımı ile saatimiz çalısacak.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu programda ayrıca yeni bir degisken tipi ile tanısacagız. Dizi degiskeni. Dizi degiskenleri aynı isimle açılırlar ancak her bir degiskenin bir indeks denilen parametresi vardır. Indeks ayrı bir degisken altında saklanabilir ve degeri degistirilerek istenilen dizi degiskenine kolaylıkla ulasılabilir. Kullanımı degisken tanımlarında söyle yapılmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEGER&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;var Byte [4] burada deger adlı degiskenin 4 ayrı indeksli çesidi vardır. Bunlar ;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEGER[0] – DEGER [1] – DEGER [2] ve DEGER [3]&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;dür.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Önce programla ilgili semamızı verelim;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6lJBDx0X449GZiLDRyn5-M8lWp9ia0zkbqKyPoTHrD6Esua9zvHfGHmI-M9dYoR-CSrnKS3QrEsatjkXKLVhHtROI4ICch08UxhEA56kZ-95JBLpcrCFvsQTjMyLiZzNJ7er4aTPCT50/s1600/kesme-role-lcd-picbasic.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;352&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6lJBDx0X449GZiLDRyn5-M8lWp9ia0zkbqKyPoTHrD6Esua9zvHfGHmI-M9dYoR-CSrnKS3QrEsatjkXKLVhHtROI4ICch08UxhEA56kZ-95JBLpcrCFvsQTjMyLiZzNJ7er4aTPCT50/s400/kesme-role-lcd-picbasic.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Dikkat edilirse semada röle yerine logic prop baglanmıstır. Bunların yerine asıl devrede birer role baglanacaktır. Ancak asıl amacımız programın islevini göstermek oldugundan detaya girilmemistir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;İste programımız;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘****************************************************************
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name :&lt;/span&gt; KESME-R0LE.BAS *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Author :&lt;/span&gt; [E.Erdal] *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notice :&lt;/span&gt; Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE] *
‘* : All Rights Reserved *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Date :&lt;/span&gt; 23.04.2005 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notes : &lt;/span&gt;*
‘* : *
‘****************************************************************
PORTA=0:portb=0
TRISB=%00001111&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘PortB (RB4-RB7) çıkıs digerleri giris yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
TRISA=%00000000&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘A portu  tamamı çıkıs yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————–
@ DEVICE pic16F628 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘islemci  16F628&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_OFF&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Watch Dog timer kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Power on timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Kod koruma kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_off  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘MCLR pini kullanılıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628,  INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Dahili osilatör kullanılacak&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————–
DEFINE LCD_DREG PORTA &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  data bacakları hangi porta baglı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_DBIT 0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD data  bacakları hangi bitten baslıyor?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EREG PORTA &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  Enable Bacagı Hangi Porta baglı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EBIT 7 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  Enable Bacagı Hangi bite baglı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSREG PORTA&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD  RS Bacagı Hangi Porta baglı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSBIT 6 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS  bacagı Hangi Bite baglı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_BITS 4 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD 4 bit  mi yoksa 8 bit olarak baglı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_LINES 2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD Kaç  sıra yazabiliyor&lt;/span&gt;
‘————————————————————————-
ON INTERRUPT GoTo KESME  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘kesme oluşursa KESME adlı etikete git.&lt;/span&gt;
OPTION_REG=%10000101 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Pull  up dirençleri İPTAL- Bölme oranı 1/64.&lt;/span&gt;
INTCON=%10100000&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Kesmeler  aktif ve TMR0 kesmesi aktif&lt;/span&gt;
TMR0=0
CMCON=7 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘16F628 de komparatör pinleri iptal hepsi giris çıkıs&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————————-
SAYAC VAR BYTE
SN VAR BYTE[5]
DAK VAR BYTE[5]
SAAT VAR BYTE[5]
GUN VAR BYTE
DURUM var byte
I VAR WORD
ESKI VAR BYTE
ROLE VAR BYTE
‘—————————————————————————–
CLEAR &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘tüm degiskenler  sıfırlandı&lt;/span&gt;
PAUSE 200
LCDOUT $FE,1
‘—————————————————————————–
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;/span&gt;
LCDOUT $FE,$84,DEC2  SAAT[0],”:”,DEC2 DAK[0],”:”,DEC2 SN[0]
DURUM=PORTB &amp;amp; %1111
IF DURUM&amp;gt;0 THEN PORTB=DURUM
ESKI=PORTB | DURUM*16
ROLE=NCD ESKI &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘NCD KOMUTU  SAYIDAKİ EN YÜKSEK HİGH OLAN BİTİ VERİR&lt;/span&gt;
ROLE=((ROLE&amp;gt;0)&amp;amp;%1)*(ROLE-4) &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘BİR ÇOK İSİ GÖREN TEK BİR KOMUT&lt;/span&gt;
LCDOUT $FE,$C0,”ROLE=”,#ROLE,”  “,DEC2 SAAT[ROLE],”:”,DEC2
DAK[ROLE],”:”,DEC2 SN[ROLE]
PORTB=ESKI
FOR I=0 TO 2000
PAUSEUS 10
NEXT I
GOTO BASLA
DISABLE
KESME:
SAYAC=SAYAC+1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘kesme sayacı 1 sn= 61(sayac) x 256 (Tmr0) x 64  (bölme)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF SAYAC=61 then &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘61 adet kesme olunca 1 sn. süre geçiyor.(999424 us)&lt;/span&gt;
SAYAC=0 ’sayaç sıfırlanıyor
SN[0]=SN[0]+1
IF ROLE=0 then ATLA
SN[ROLE]=SN[ROLE]+1&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ’saniye degeri bir artırılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
ATLA: IF SN[0]=60 THEN &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ’saniye 60 olmus ise 1 dakika süre geçti ohalde&lt;/span&gt;
SN[0]=0
SN[ROLE]=0&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ saniye sıfırlanıyor&lt;/span&gt;
DAK[0]=DAK[0]+1
DAK[ROLE]=DAK[ROLE]+1&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ dakika degeri bir artırılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF DAK[0]=60 then&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘dakika 60  olmus ise 1 saat süre geçti&lt;/span&gt;
DAK[0]=0
DAK[ROLE]=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ dakika sıfırlanıyor&lt;/span&gt;
SAAT[0]=SAAT[0]+1
SAAT[ROLE]=SAAT[ROLE]+1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ saat degeri bir artırılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF SAAT[0]=24 THEN&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ’saat 24  olmus ise 1 gün geçti&lt;/span&gt;
SAAT[0]=0
SAAT[ROLE]=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;’saat sıfırlanıyor&lt;/span&gt;
GUN=GUN+1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘gün degeri bir  artırılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF GUN=365 THEN GUN=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘gün  365 olmus ise&lt;/span&gt;
endif &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘gün sıfırlanıyor 1  yıl geçti&lt;/span&gt;
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
INTCON.2=0&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘TMR0 Kesme bayragı sıfırlanıyor&lt;/span&gt;
RESUME
ENABLE
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;END&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————————–&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Sayac=61&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;satırında 61 sayısı 1 sn lik süreyi ayarlamaktadır. Program komutlarındaki gecikmeler nedeni daha hassas bir ayarlama gerekebilir. Bir saatle birlikte kontrol edilerek pic saati geri kalıyorsa degeri azaltılmalıdır. İleri gidiyor ise artırılmalıdır. Programla iligli genel açıklamalar; Bu programda ileri programlama teknikleri kullanılmıstır. Program satırlarını esas alarak açıklamaya çalısalım.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$84,DEC2 SAAT[0],”:”,DEC2 DAK[0],”:”,DEC2 SN[0]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Programda saat için 5 adet indeks li degisken kullanılmıs idi. Bunun amacı her bir röle için ayrı bir zaman tutmak ve sıfır ile çalısan indeks degerini de ana saat için kullanmaktır. Yani saat(0) sistemin ana saati olacak Saat(1-4) arası ise her bir röleye ait olacaktır. Yukarıdaki komutta görüldügü gibi [0] indeksi kullanılmıs ve dolayısıyla sistem ana saati&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;üst satırında ekrana verilmistir.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DURUM=PORTB &amp;amp; %1111&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Bu komutta Tusların hangisine basıldıgını kontrol etmek için tek bir komut kullanılmıstır.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;degeri okunarak 15 (%1111) sayısı ile AND islemi uygulanmıstır. Dolayısıyla PortB nin ilk 4 biti filtre edilerek ayrılmıs olacak ve bu bitlerden hangisi 1 ise (tusa basılmıs ise) belirlenecektir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF DURUM&amp;gt;0 THEN PORTB=DURUM&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Burada herhangi bir tusa basılmıs ise eski basılmıs olanı iptal etmek ve yenisini devreye sokmak için bu komut kullanılmıstır.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;AKTIF=PORTB | DURUM*16&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Burada basılan tusa paralel olarak hangi rolelin aktif hale getirilecegi hesaplanmaktadır. Bir yerde basılan tuşun bit degeri 4 bit sola kaydırılarak PortaB ye verilmektedir. Hangi rölenin aktif oldugunu ise asagıdaki komut hesaplamaktadır.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ROLE=NCD AKTIF&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘NCD KOMUTU SAYIDAKİ EN YÜKSEK HİGH OLAN BİTİ VERİR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;NCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu bir sayı içindeki en yüksek degerlikli high olan bitin konumunu verir. Örnek vermek gerekir ise&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SAYI=%00010000&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;NCD&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;SAYI komutu bize 5 sayısını verecektir. En yüksek high 5. sıradaki 1 dir. Bu komut yardımı ile basılan tusa göre hangi rolenin aktif oldugunu belirliyoruz. Ancak bu belirleme bize PORTB deki sırayı verecektir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Yani 4-8 arası bir deger. Halbuki biz 1. Role – 2. Role … 4.Role demek isteriz. Dolayısıyla bu degeri 1-4 arası degere indirgememiz gerekir. Burada islem aslında basit Hesaplanan degerden 4 çıkartır isek bize 1-4 arası degeri verir. Ancak ya deger 0 (sıfır) ise. Bu durumda 0-4 bize 65531 gibi bir deger verirki buda sistemin hata yapmasına sebep olur. Bu durumda sayet Role degeri sıfır ise bu hesabı yapmadan atlamamız gerekir. Akıllıca bir programlama mantıgı ile bu isi tek komutla halledebiliriz.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ROLE=((ROLE&amp;gt;0) &amp;amp; %1)*(ROLE – 4)&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘BİR ÇOK İSİ GÖREN TEK BİR KOMUT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Bu komut bizi birkaç defa if kullanmaktan kurtarır. Bu komut asagıdaki program satırlarının görevini yapmaktadır;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF ROLE=0 THEN&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Hesap yapma ve Ekrana bir sey yazma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF ROLE&amp;gt;0 then ROLE= Role-4&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;hesabını yap&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Simdi komut nasıl çalısıyor bir bakalım;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;(ROLE&amp;gt;0) &amp;amp; %1&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;komutunda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;(ROLE&amp;gt;0)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ifadesi bir logik operatör kullanan bir aritmetik ifadesidir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Role&amp;gt;0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ise degeri 255, Role=0 ise degeri 0 dır. Dolayısıyla bunu %1 ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;AND&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;islemine tabi tutar isek Role 0 dan büyük olunca degeri 1, sıfıra esit olunca ise degeri 0 olarak gelir. Bu ifadeyi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;(ROLE-4)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ile çarpar isek istedigimizi elde etmis oluruz.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Yani:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1 x (Role-4)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;burada Role 0 dan büyük oldugundan role degeri 1-4 arası çıkacaktır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;0 x (Role-4)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;ki burada Role 0 oldugundan sonuç 0 olacaktır.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$C0,”ROLE=”,#ROLE,” “,DEC2 SAAT[ROLE],”:”,DEC2 D&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DAK[ROLE],”:”,DEC2 SN[ROLE]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Komutu ile aktif olan role ile o röleye ait saat degeri ekrana getirilmektedir.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTB=AKTIF&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Aktif olan role ekrana verilmektedir. Kesme oluşmasında kolaylık saglamak üzere 20 ms lik gecikme us cinsinden döngü kullanılarak verilmektedir.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;FOR I=0 TO 2000&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;PAUSEUS 10&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;NEXT I&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GOTO BASLA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Goto basla ile program tekrar basa yönlendirilmektedir. Programın Kesme kısmında ise 1 sn lik süre Sayac=61 sayısı ile kontrol edilmekte ve bu süre sonunda Sn=Sn+1 komutu ile degeri bir artırılmaktadır. Sn degerinin 60’ı geçmesi halinde dakika ve paralel olarak saat ve gün degerleri artırılmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Buradaki diger önemli nokta ise o andaki ROLE degeri ki burada indeks olarak kullanılmakta esas alınarak o roleye ait saat degeri ise ayrıca saydırılmaktadır. Tabiiki hiçbir role aktif degil ise role degeri 0 olacağından sistem ana saati saydırılmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;6.ders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Proteus ve hex dosyalar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ı&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/pic-basic-pic-programlama-6.zip&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;7.ders:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu dersimizin konusu Seri İletisim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Konuya seri iletişimin ne oldugunu açıklayarak baslayalım. Dijital bilgi bilindigi üzere bitlerden olusmaktadır. Her bir bit ya 0 (sıfır) yada 1 (bir) olabilmektedir. Bunlar yana yana gelince daha büyük digital bilgiyi olusturmaktadır. Örnegin 8 adet bit 1 adet BAYT bilgisini olusturmakta 16 adet bit ise 1 adet WORD bilgisini olusturmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Simdi gelelim bu bilgilerin başka yerlere aktarılması isine. 8 bitlik bir bilginin tek bir seferde başka bir üniteye aktarılması için 8 adet bağlantı ucu kullanırsak yani her bir bit için bir uç kullanır isek bu bir paralel aktarma islemidir. Yine 8 bitlik bir bilgiyi başka bir üniteye tek bir uç kullanılarak aktarmak istersek bu bir seri aktarma islemidir. Her iki sistemde ilave uçlarda olacaktır. Ancak biz sadece bilginin aktarılması için gereken uçlardan bahsediyoruz. İste üzerinde duracagımız konu bu seri bilgi aktarma sistemidir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu sistemde verici ve alıcı ünite bir birlerine tek bir data hattı ile bağlanırlar. Verici gönderdigi bitleri belirli bir formatta yani belirli zaman içinde belirli sayıda bit gönderir. Bu sekilde olusturulan senkronizasyon ile 8 adet bitin gönderilmesi yapılır ve alıcıda bu bitleri teker teker alır. Alıcı ile verici nin bireysel çalısma hızlarının farklılıgından dolayı seri iletişimde bir kural vardır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Kural birim zaman içinde gönderilen veya alınan bit sayısı ile ifade edilen&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BAUD RATE&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;yani haberlesme hızı dır. Alıcı ve vericinin aynı senkron içinde alıs verislerinin yapılabilmesi için bu hızın her iki taraf için aynı değere ayarlanması gerekir. Sistemin başka parametreleri de bulunmaktadır. Gönderilen bilginin invert edilmesi her baytın sonunda bir stop biti gönderilmesi , parite kontrolu vs. gibi. İsin teferruatına fazla girmeden konuyla ilgili komutların kullanımına geçecegiz. Basic de seri iletişim komutları birkaç tanedir. Bunları sırası ile açıklayacagız. İlk komutumuz;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SERIN Pin,Mode,{Timeout,Label,}{[Qual...],}{Item…}&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Standart Asenkron Seri data giris komutudur. Yani başka bir seri data gönderebilen bir üniteden gelen bilgiyi almak için kullanacagımız komutlardan birisidir. Parametrelerine bakacak olur isek;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SERIN&lt;/strong&gt;komutundan hemen sonra seri datanın alındıgı pin yer almaktadır. Burada&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya PortB.2 gibi port pinleri kullanılır. İkinci parametre Mode dir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDZZwfVKmXSQuDGZ9XNhKHle9DhBfmiXCejDMoRoUVWi5zSfYIkhLOfAQ06vexlEWMDBNHjk5L56f4LFEaN2DDhhYNwVa9yEJ_n-B7WYUw0ChTp7K3iQnCjJb_KHJNpogzkEvB6g92ytE/s1600/SERIN-Pin-Mode-Timeout-Label-Qual-item.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;147&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDZZwfVKmXSQuDGZ9XNhKHle9DhBfmiXCejDMoRoUVWi5zSfYIkhLOfAQ06vexlEWMDBNHjk5L56f4LFEaN2DDhhYNwVa9yEJ_n-B7WYUw0ChTp7K3iQnCjJb_KHJNpogzkEvB6g92ytE/s400/SERIN-Pin-Mode-Timeout-Label-Qual-item.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Komut yukarıdaki hali ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Mod&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;numaralarının kullanımına imkan tanımaktadır. Sayet komutu Mode isimleri ile kullanmak isterseniz programınızın bas tarafına ; Include “modedefs.bas” Komutunu ilave etmeniz gerekir. Her bir mod da bilginin düzmü yoksa inver edilmis hali ilemi alındıgı bellidir. Sistemin default olarak ayarlanmıs diğer parametreleri şöyledir.&lt;/div&gt;
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8 data biti , no parity ve 1 stop biti seklindedir. Genel gösterim 8N1 seklindedir. diğer parametre olan ve gerektiginde kullanılmayan Timeout parametresi dir ve 1 ms (milisaniye) cinsinden belirlenir. Anlamı ise burada verilen süre içerisinde herhangi bir data alınmaz ise program Label parametresi ile belirlenen konuma atlar. Dolayısıyla Label’i de açıklamıs oluyoruz. Burada bir program bölümünün ismi (etiketi) verilir .&lt;/div&gt;
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Bir sonraki parametre qualifier olup belirleyici anlamında kullanılır ve birden fazla olabilir. Genellikle dogru haberlesme yapılabilmesi için gönderilen bilgilerin basına belirli ifadeler yerlestirilir. Bu yerlestirilen bilgilere qualifier denir. Bu bilgiler rakam olabilecegi gibi bir karekter diziside olabilir. En son parametre ise gelen bilginin depolanacagı degisken simidir ve&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ITEM&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak gösterilmistir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Buraya kullanacagınız degisken adı yazılacaktır. Örnek vermek gerekir ise ;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SERIN PortA.0 , 0 , [“ERO”] , ISI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Bu komutta qualifier olarak kullanılan bilgi&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;“ERO”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bilgisidir. Program gelen bilgilere sürekli bakacak ve önceden&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;“ERO”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bilgisini alır ise arkasından gelen ilk bilgiyi ISI degiskenine koyacaktır. Aksi taktirde ISI degiskeni oldugu gibi kalacaktır. Bu sistem, haberlesmede yanlıs data alımını önleyen güzel bir sistemdir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Diğer Bir komut&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SERIN2&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutudur. Serin komutuna benzer bir komuttur. SERIN2 , GIRIS , 396 , [&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;WAIT (&quot;W&quot;), DEC AL]&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Bu komutda da önce data alıs pini belirlenir ve pin otomatik olarak giris olarak ayarlanır. Daha sonra haberlesme hızı belirlenir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu hız için değişik bir hesaplama mantığı kullanılmaktadır. Formül şöyledir. Haberlesme&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Hızı= (1.000.000/Baud Rate)-20&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Örnek verecek olur isek , 2400 baud için hız hesaplayalım&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Hız= (1.000.000/2400)-20 = 396&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olacaktır. (yukarıdaki komutta yazıldıgı gibi) Daha sonra belirli bir karakter veya karakter dizisinin alınması beklenir. Bu karekterlerden sonrada esas data Bin, hex veya dec formatlı olarak alınır.&lt;/div&gt;
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diğer bir komut&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HSERIN&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;komutu olup yalnızca Hardware Serial Port’u (USART) olan Pic’ler için kullanılabilir. Bu port&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PIC16F628 , PIC16F876, PIC16F877&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;gibi pic lerde bulunmakta 16F84/A da bulunmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu komutu kullanabilmemiz için öncelikle kullandıgımız Pic’in bu porta sahip olup olmadıgını ögrenmemiz gerekecektir. Komutun kullanım sekli şöyledir. HSERIN {ParityLabel,}{Timeout,Label,}[Item{,...}] Bu komutun parametreleri Define komutu ile belirlenir. Bunlar;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE HSER_RCSTA 90h&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(alma yazmacının Enable edilmesi)&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE HSER_TXSTA 20h (gönderme yazmacının Enable edilmesi)&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE HSER_BAUD 2400 (Haberlesme hızının belirlenmesi)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Komutun kullanım sekli genelde asagıdaki sekilde dir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HSERIN [BILGI, DEC ZX]&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Bu komutta tüm parametreler DEFINE komutu ile verilmistir. Dolayısıyla parametre olarak yalnızca Bilgi isimli bir degisken ve arkasından Desimal olarak alınacak olan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ZX&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;degiskeni görülmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu komutun en önemli özelligi giris pinlerinin&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;USART&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;özelligine bağlı olarak önceden belirlenmis olmasıdır. Bu pinlerin hangisi oldugu Datasheetler de gösterilmektedir ve kullanıcı tarafından degistirilemez. Dolayısıyla komutun kullanımında pin adı görmezsiniz. Komutun başka bir kullanılıs sekli asagıda gösterilmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HSERIN 300,ATLA,[WAIT (&quot;ER&quot;),AL]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu komutta Timeout süresi 300 ms olarak verilmis ve bu süre sonunda programın ATLA isimli etikete gitmesi saglanmıstır. Komut gelen bilgiler arasında ER karakterlerini arayacak buldugu anda pesinden gelen bilgiyi AL degiskenine yerlestirecektir. Simdiye kadar vermis oldugumuz komutlar data alıs komutları idi. Aynı komutların bir de Data gönderme komutları vardır ve tek fark datanın gönderilmesi dir. Bu komutlarda bir data gönderme pini belirlenir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HSEROUT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutunda bu pin standart olup degistirilemez. Ancak Serout veya serout2 komutlarında kullanıcı tarafından istenildigi sekilde tanımlanır. Seri haberlesme konusunda son olarak önemli bir konuya dikkatinizi çekmek istiyorum. Pic ve benzeri cihazlarda lojik seviyeler&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TTL&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;seviyesindedir. Yani bir (1) sinyali +5V , sıfır (0) sinyali ise GND seviyesindedir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu cihazlar kendi aralarında haberlesir iken arada herhangi bir seviye düzenleyici sistem gerekmez. Zira high olarak gönderilen sinyal her iki taraf için +5V dur. Low olan ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;seviyesindedir. Ancak pic ve benzeri cihazlar bir PC ile haberlesmesi gerektiginde gönderilen veya alınan sinyallerin seviyelerinin düzeltilmesi gerekir. Zira PC lerde High sinyali&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;-12V&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;, low sinyali ise +12 V dur.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu is için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RS232&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;çevirici entegresi kullanılması gerekiyor. Genellikle adı MAX 232 veya CP232 olarak geçer. Bu entegrenin RS232 giris ve çıkıs bacakları bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Pic den gelen sinyali (+5V veya 0V – High veya Low) PC nin anlayacagı seviyelere (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;-10V&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya +10v) çevirir. Aynı sekilde PC den gelen sinyalleri de Pic’in anlayacagı seviyelere çevirmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Dolayısı ile Pic-PC arası yapılacak seri haberlesme devrelerinde bu çeviricinin kullanılması&lt;br /&gt;
gerekir. Komutlarla ilgili bu kadar bilgi verdikten sonra örneklerimize geçelim; İlk örnegimiz&amp;nbsp;basit&amp;nbsp;bir Seri iletişim örnegi olacak.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SERIN&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SEROUT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutlarını kullanarak bir rolenin çalıstırılmasını gerçeklestirecegiz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bunun için 2 adet Pic li devre kullanacagız. Birinci devremiz verici olarak çalısacak ve üzerinde yalnızca iki adet tus bulunacaktır. diğer devremiz ise alıcı olarak çalısacak ve üzerinde 2 adet&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve 2 adet Role bağlı olacaktır. Önce şemamızı verelim;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Proje 7/1 : Seri – Ver – A&lt;/strong&gt;l&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiwPstG_-s5UlO_R-1Q9F_rPo641WdRr0ugMPhwqJas7k6UnPnmDoj294VUEEzYvjyvq_RoKBNl82ZUOnHMkrotkw6Z71fg7ks-n7vdYQp8f3gFvlb55wELVCTVBSjdR0915_A_yRlDCA/s1600/picbasic-proje-seri-al-ver.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;191&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiwPstG_-s5UlO_R-1Q9F_rPo641WdRr0ugMPhwqJas7k6UnPnmDoj294VUEEzYvjyvq_RoKBNl82ZUOnHMkrotkw6Z71fg7ks-n7vdYQp8f3gFvlb55wELVCTVBSjdR0915_A_yRlDCA/s400/picbasic-proje-seri-al-ver.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;İlk programımız SERI-VER.BAS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘****************************************************************
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name :&lt;/span&gt; SERI-VER.BAS *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Author :&lt;/span&gt; [Erol Tahir Erdal] *
‘*&lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Notice :&lt;/span&gt; Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE] *
‘* : All Rights Reserved *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Date :&lt;/span&gt; 11.05.2005 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notes : &lt;/span&gt;SERI-AL.BAS programının vericisidir. *
‘* : *
‘****************************************************************
@ DEVICE pic16F628 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘islemci  16F628&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_on &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Watch Dog timer kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Power on timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Kod Protek kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_off  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘MCLR pini kullanılıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628,  INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Dahili osilatör kullanılacak&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————————
CMCON=7&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘16F628 de  komparatör pinleri iptal hepsi giris çıkıs&lt;/span&gt;
OPTION_REG.7=0&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Dahili  pull-up lar AKTİF yapıldı ayrıca pull-up direncine gerek &lt;/span&gt;yok
PortA=0
TrisA=%00000000
PortB=0
TrisB=%00000011
‘——————————————————————————
SYMBOL CIKIS=PORTA.0
SYMBOL TUSA=PORTB.0
SYMBOL TUSB=PORTB.1
VER VAR BYTE
‘——————————————————————————
PAUSE 200
VER=0
‘——————————————————————————
BASLA: VER=0
IF TUSA=0 THEN
VER=88
gosub gonder
WHILE TUSA=0
WEND
endIF
IF TUSB=0 THEN
VER=66
gosub gonder
WHILE TUSB=0
WEND
endif
PAUSE 100
GOTO BASLA&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘—————–ALT PROGRAMLAR——————————-&lt;/span&gt;
GONDER:
SEROUT2 CIKIS,396,[&quot;E&quot;,&quot;T&quot;,&quot;E&quot;,ver]
SEROUT2 CIKIS,396,[&quot;E&quot;,&quot;T&quot;,&quot;E&quot;,ver]
return
END&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;İkincisi ise SERI-AL.BAS ,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘*****************************************************************
‘* Name : SERI-AL.BAS *
‘* Author : [E.T.E] *
‘* Notice : Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE] *
‘* : All Rights Reserved *
‘* Date : 13-02-2005 *
‘* Version : 41.00 *
‘* Notes : SERI-VER.BAS PROGRAMININ ALICISIDIR*
‘* : *
‘*****************************************************************
PORTA=0
PORTB=0
TRISA=%00000001 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘A portu A.0 giris diğerleri çıkıs yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
TRISB=%00000000&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘B portu  tamamı çıkıs yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
‘—————————————————————–
@ DEVICE pic16F628&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘islemci  16F628&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_on&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Watch Dog timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Power on timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Kod Koruma kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_OFF &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘MCLR pini kullanılıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628,  INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Dahili osilatör kullanılacak&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘—————————degiskenler——————————&lt;/span&gt;
AL VAR BYTE
GIRIS VAR PORTA.0
ROLEA VAR PORTB.0
ROLEB VAR PORTB.1
LEDA VAR PORTB.6
LEDB VAR PORTB.7
&lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘—————————–B A S L A N G I Ç —————————&lt;/span&gt;
CMCON=7
CLEAR
PAUSE 500
PORTB=0 ‘tüm çıkıslar low seviyesinde
‘——————————————————————————-
BASLA:
SerIn2 GIRIS,396,[WAIT (&quot;ETE&quot;),AL]
IF AL=88 THEN
TOGGLE LEDA
TOGGLE ROLEA
ENDIF
IF AL=66 THEN
TOGGLE LEDB
TOGGLE ROLEB
ENDIF
PAUSE 200
GOTO BASLA
END&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Seri haberlesme isinde en önemli faktörlerin basında alıcı ile vericiyi aynı anda karşı karşıya getirmektir. Bunun muhtelif yolları vardır. Senkronizasyon denilen bu islem için genelde kullanılan yöntem önden bir uyandırma sinyalinin gönderilmesi arkasından belirleme datası ve onun arkasından ise esas gerekli olan data nın gönderilmesidir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Uyandırma sinyali nedir diyeceksiniz buna genellikle preambl sinyali denilmektedir. Uyandırma sinyali bir sinyal kombinasyonudur. Muhtelif sekillerde olabilir. Benim kullandıgım ve olumlu netice aldıgım kombine sinyal asagıdaki sekildedir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- İlk sinyal&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;%10101&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;seklinde bir sinyal arkasından %00000 ve onun arkasından ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;%11111&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;seklinde bir sinyal dir. Bunun komut karşılıgı;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;SEROUT2 CIKIS,396,[REP$AA5,REP$005,REP$FF5]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Haberlesmeye baslamadan önce bu komut verilerek karşı taraftaki devrenin alıs moduna geçmesi saglanır. Bu komutun arkasından esas göndermek istediginiz bilgiler gönderilir. Önce belirleme bilgisi yani;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;(”E”),(”T”),(”E”)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bilgisi burada bir belirleme bilgisidir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnek;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SerOut2 CIKIS,396,[(&quot;E&quot;),(&quot;T&quot;),(”E”),EKLE]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Pesinden esas göndermeniz gereken bilgi veya bilgiler dizisi gönderilir. Sonuçta yukarıdaki örnekte EKLE adlı degisken de yer alan değer göndermek istedigimiz bilgi olmaktadır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Senkron konusunda hata yapılmaması için genelde gönderme komutu birkaç defa arka arkaya tekrarlanır. Sayet yazılan program satırı çok az ise tek komut da yeterli olabilir. Ancak uzun programlarda gönderme komutunun artırılması gerekir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnek olarak;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SerOut2 CIKIS,1646,[(&quot;E&quot;),(&quot;R&quot;),EKLE]&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;SerOut2 CIKIS,1646,[(&quot;E&quot;),(&quot;R&quot;),EKLE]&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;SerOut2 CIKIS,1646,[(&quot;E&quot;),(&quot;R&quot;),EKLE]&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;SerOut2 CIKIS,1646,[(&quot;E&quot;),(&quot;R&quot;),EKLE]&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;SerOut2 CIKIS,1646,[(&quot;E&quot;),(&quot;R&quot;),EKLE]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnekte görüldügü gibi en az 5 defa tekrarlanmasında yarar vardır. Bir mahsuru olmadıgı gibi yararı vardır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Alma komutu tek olabilir. Çünkü senkron saglandıktan sonra gelen sinyallerden birini mutlaka görüp alacaktır. Bu kadar açıklama dan sonra daha komplike bir Seri haberlesme programına geçelim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Diyelim ki bir televizyona uzaktan kumanda devresi yapmak istiyoruz. Bu devre ile televizyonu açıp kapatmak, volum kontrolu yapmak ve hem Kanal+ ve Kanal- tuşlarını kullanarak kanallar arasında gezinmek hemde sabit kanal (1-5) tuşlarını kullanarak kanal seçmek istiyoruz. İki adet pic kullanacagız. Bu sefer 16F84A kullanalım. Çünki devrenin aslı 16F84 ile yapılmıs idi. Devre şemasını vermeden önce bazı konulara açıklık getirmek gerekiyor.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Volum kontrolu ve program gezinmesi yapacagız. Volum kontrolu için digital pot kullanabilirdik. Ancak program kontrolü açısından bu iside kendimiz yapalım istiyoruz. Hem Volum kontrolu hemde program&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;gezinmesi için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4051&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Analog swich) kullanacagız.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4051&lt;/strong&gt;’in ABC adres bacakları 1 adet giris-çıkıs bacagı ve bu bacagın seçilen adrese göre Analog olarak bağlanabildigi 8 adet giris-çıkıs bacagı bulunmaktadır. Volum kontrolu için 16 kademe volum elde etmek üzere 2 adet (2×8=16) 4051 kullanacagız ve toplamda 16 adet volum seviyemiz olacak. Program gezinme için toplam 8 adet kanal çıkısımız olacak.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bahsini ettigim projeyi bizzat uygulama fırsatım oldu. Sistem hala basarı ile çalısmaktadır. İsin mantıgını izah edecek olur isek, verici olarak çalısan pic üzerinde bulunan ;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- açma / kapama tusuna basıldıgında karşı taraftaki pic de bir pin high / low olacak. (toggle çalısma)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Volum+ tusuna basıldıgında volum artacak yani 2 adet 4051 çıkısları sırası ile konum degistirecek.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Aynı sekilde Volum- tusuna basıldıgında yapılan isin tersi yapılacak.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Program+ tusuna basıldıgında program kademesi bir artacak. Basılı tuttukça artam devam edecek.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Program- tusuna basıldıgında bu sefer seçim isi terse dönecek.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Sabit program seçme tuşlarından birine basıldıgında ise ilgili tusa karşılık gelen pin karşı tarafta toggle olarak çalısacak. Ancak bu pin açık olan diğer pinleri iptal edip yanlıca kendisi çıkıs verecek. Bir ayrıntıyı daha izah etmekte fayda görüyorum. İki pic arasındaki bağlantıda bir inverter (NOT) kullanılmıstır. Aslında gerekli olmayan bu elemanı Seri haberlesme komutlarında alıcı veya vericiden birini invert edilerek kullanılmasını göstermek amacı ile yaptım.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;İste şemamız. Biraz karısık gibi gelebilir ama iyice takip edilirse kimin nereye bağlı oldugu kolaylıkla görülecektir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYNk7T1UPoYcRD9eI1iZdPHk4ouwQ_1Sdjyx5iY4VkutKKonDtzZ-a0soBfW6sYWpqeMqMLqJT3kUmiYa4f1Btq2WPohbrhxrwBJ2J0R4TgahdOSIbP7gMyqJtyXZn6daBaSlyT2PUg-4/s1600/al-ver-devre-semasi-isis-picbasic.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;280&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYNk7T1UPoYcRD9eI1iZdPHk4ouwQ_1Sdjyx5iY4VkutKKonDtzZ-a0soBfW6sYWpqeMqMLqJT3kUmiYa4f1Btq2WPohbrhxrwBJ2J0R4TgahdOSIbP7gMyqJtyXZn6daBaSlyT2PUg-4/s400/al-ver-devre-semasi-isis-picbasic.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Önce Verici Kısmına ait programı verelim;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘****************************************************************
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name : &lt;/span&gt;Verici4.BAS *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Author :&lt;/span&gt; [Erol Tahir Erdal] *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notice :&lt;/span&gt; Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE] *
‘* : All Rights Reserved *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Date :&lt;/span&gt; 11.05.2005 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notes :&lt;/span&gt; ALICI4.BAS programının vericisidir. *
‘* : *
‘****************************************************************
INCLUDE “MODEDEFS.BAS”
TRISA=%11110
TRISB=255
OPTION_REG.7=1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘pull-up lar iptal&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————————-
CIKIS VAR PORTA.0
VER VAR BYTE
TUS VAR BYTE
POZ VAR BIT
poz=0
‘——————————————————————————-
START : VER=0
TUS=PORTB
IF TUS =1 Then BIR&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘basılan veya basılı tutulan tusun değeri&lt;/span&gt;
IF TUS =2 Then IKI &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘burada  okunuyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF TUS =4 Then UC
IF TUS =8 Then DORT
IF TUS =16 Then BES
IF TUS =32 Then ALTI
IF TUS =64 Then YEDI
IF TUS =128 Then SEKIZ
POZ=0:GoTo START
BIR: IF POZ=1 Then START &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘on/off tusu basılı tutuluyor ise islem  yapma&lt;/span&gt;
POZ=1
VER=11
GoTo EXIT&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘On/off tusuna ilk basıldı tus değeri=11 gönder.&lt;/span&gt;
IKI: VER=22
GoTo EXIT &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Volum+ tusuna basıldı tus değeri=22 , gönder&lt;/span&gt;
UC: VER=33
GoTo EXIT &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Volum- tusuna basıldı tus değeri=33, gönder&lt;/span&gt;
DORT: VER=44
GoTo EXIT &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Program+ tusuna basıldı Tus değerini gönder&lt;/span&gt;
BES: VER=55
GoTo EXIT&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Program- tusuna basıldı tus değerini gönder&lt;/span&gt;
ALTI: IF POZ=1 Then START&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Sabit Program tuşları toggle yapacak&lt;/span&gt;
POZ=1
VER=66
GoTo EXIT
YEDI: IF POZ=1 Then START &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Sabit program tuşları toggle yapacak.&lt;/span&gt;
POZ=1
VER=77
GoTo EXIT
SEKIZ:IF POZ=1 Then START&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ’sabit program tuşları toggle yapacak&lt;/span&gt;
POZ=1
VER=88
EXIT: SerOut CIKIS,T2400,[(&quot;A&quot;),VER,13,10]&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘tus değerini gönder,  değer ters çevrilmemistir&lt;/span&gt;
GoTo START
END&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Program kısa oldugu için preambl sinyali kullanmadık. Simdi Alıcı Kısmını verelim;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
‘****************************************************************
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name :&lt;/span&gt; Alıcı4.BAS *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Author :&lt;/span&gt; [Erol Tahir Erdal] *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notice : &lt;/span&gt;Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE] *
‘* : All Rights Reserved *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Date :&lt;/span&gt; 11.05.2005 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0 *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notes : &lt;/span&gt;Verici4.BAS programının alıcısıdır. *
‘* : *
‘****************************************************************
TRISA=%00001
TRISB=0
GIRIS VAR PORTA.0
VOLUM VAR BYTE
ARA VAR BYTE
PROG VAR BYTE
ERO VAR BYTE
KON VAR BYTE
NE VAR BIT
SES VAR BYTE
POZ VAR BYTE
AL VAR BYTE
‘——————————————————————————-
INCLUDE “MODEDEFS.BAS”
PORTB=0
PORTA=0
Read 0,VOLUM &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘volum değeri Pic’in eepromundan sıfır nolu adresten  okunuyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF VOLUM=255 Then&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ’sayet  herhangi bir değer önceden kayıt edilmemis ise&lt;/span&gt;
VOLUM=3 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘default volum  seviyesini 3 kabul ediyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;
EndIF
Read 1,PROG&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘hangi programın seçili bırakıldıgını yine eeprom 1  adresten&lt;/span&gt;
IF PROG=255 Then &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘okuyoruz  ve herhangi bir program kayıtlı degil ise&lt;/span&gt;
PROG=0&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘default program=0  kabul ediyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;
EndIF
KON=VOLUM&amp;gt;&amp;gt;3&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Volum konumu ara değer&lt;/span&gt;
SES=VOLUM-(KON*8):&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘volum  esas değeri&lt;/span&gt;
ARA=(SES+PROG*8)+128-(KON*64)&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘hem program hemde ses değeri 8 bit olarak&lt;/span&gt;
PORTB=ARA&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘toparlanıp PortB  ye yazılıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————————-
START : AL=0
Serin GIRIS,N2400,[ &quot;A&quot; ],AL &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Basılan tus bilgisini al&lt;/span&gt;
IF AL=11 Then BIR&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘basılan  tus değeri 11 ise Bir’e git&lt;/span&gt;
IF AL=22 Then IKI &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘22 ise  IKI ye git&lt;/span&gt;
IF AL=33 Then UC &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘33 ise UC e  git&lt;/span&gt;
IF AL=44 Then DORT&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘44 ise  DORT’ e git&lt;/span&gt;
IF AL=55 Then BES
IF AL=66 Then ALTI
IF AL=77 Then YEDI
IF AL=88 Then SEKIZ
POZ=0
GoTo START
BIR: Toggle PORTA.1&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ON / OFF ‘On/off çıkısı toggle yapıldı&lt;/span&gt;
CIK:GoTo START
IKI:VOLUM=VOLUM+1&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ volum tusuna basılmıs volum bir artırıldı&lt;/span&gt;
IF VOLUM&amp;gt;15 Then &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;’sayet  15 den büyük ise 15 de kal&lt;/span&gt;
VOLUM=15
EndIF
‘Volum&lt;8 1.4051=&quot;&quot; ise=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--8--&gt;&lt;!--8--&gt;&lt;/8&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;8 ise 2.ci 4051 devrede olacak&lt;/span&gt;
VOLKAY:KON=VOLUM&amp;gt;&amp;gt;3 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Kon=%00001101 ise  Kon=%00000001 oluyor&lt;/span&gt;
SES=VOLUM-(KON*8)  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Ses=13-(8×1)=5 bulunuyor.&lt;/span&gt;
ARA=PORTB &amp;amp; 56 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ARA  değeri program seçimi için 4051′in adresi&lt;/span&gt;
ARA=ARA+SES+128-(KON*64)  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Volum ABC değeri + Prog ABC değeri +&lt;/span&gt;
PORTB=ARA&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Volum 4051 seçim  değeri tamamı PortB ye yazılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
Write 0,VOLUM &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘yeni Volum  değeri EEPROM’a yazılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
Pause 44
GoTo START
UC: VOLUM=VOLUM-1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Volum- tusuna basılmıs değer bir azaltılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF VOLUM=255 Then&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘değer  sıfırı geçerse tekrar sıfırda kalıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
VOLUM=0
EndIF
GoTo VOLKAY &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘degisen volum değerini kayıt et&lt;/span&gt;
DORT: PROG=PROG+1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘program  tusuna basılmıs bir artır.&lt;/span&gt;
IF PROG&amp;gt;7 Then
PROG=0
EndIF
PORKAY: ARA=PORTB &amp;amp; 199 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘199=%11000111 olup 4051 select ve  adres değerini al&lt;/span&gt;
ERO=PROG&amp;lt;&lt;3 span=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘yeni  program değerini hesapla ve kayıt et&lt;!--3--&gt;&lt;!--3--&gt;&lt;/3&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
ARA=ARA+ERO&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘PROG=6 olsun  ERO=%00011000 oldu&lt;/span&gt;
PORTB=ARA &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ARA=Volum ABC +  Prog ABC ve Selec değerleri toplamı&lt;/span&gt;
Write 1,PROG&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Önce porta  yazılıyor Prog değeri Eeproma kayıt ediliyor&lt;/span&gt;
Pause 74
GoTo START
BES: PROG=PROG-1
IF PROG=255 Then&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘PROGRAM ASAGI&lt;/span&gt;
PROG=7
EndIF
GoTo PORKAY
ALTI: Toggle PORTA.2&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ’sabit program tuşlarından birine basılmıs&lt;/span&gt;
GoTo START
YEDI: Toggle PORTA.3
GoTo START
SEKIZ:Toggle PORTA.4
GoTo START
end

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Programlarda özellikle Alıcı programında bazı hesap satırları var bunların açıklanmasında fayda görüyorum.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;şemadan görülecegi üzere,&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;B&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;portu&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;B0-B1-B2&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pinleri ile Volum için çalısan 2 adet&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4051&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;entegresini adreslemektedir. Adres değeri 0-15 arasında degismekte olup 0-7 arasındaki değerler ilk 4051’i adreslemekte 8-15 arasındaki değerlerde ise otomatik olarak ikinci&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4051&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;seçilerek adres değeri bu entegrenin kullanacagı (0-7) değerine indirgenerek kullanılmaktadır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;B portunun&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;B3-B4&lt;/strong&gt;- ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;B5&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nolu pinleri ise program seçimi için kullanılan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4051&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;entegresini adreslemektedir. Kalan B6 ve B7 pinleri ise Volum entegrelerinden hangisi seçilecek ise onu aktif hale getirmek için kullanılmaktadır (chip Select). Simdi hesap sistemini inceleyelim. Önce Volum kayıt bölümüne bakalım;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;KON=VOLUM&amp;gt;&amp;gt;3&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ilk satırda bu komut bulunmaktadır. Volum değerini 3 bit saga kaydırıp yeni değeri&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;KON&lt;/strong&gt;adlı degiskene yerlestir anlamındadır. Neden bu isi yaptıgımızı bir sonraki satırda açıklayacagız. Sonra gelen satırda ;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SES=VOLUM-(KON*8)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;seklinde bir islem var. 2 adet 4051 entegremiz var ama her ikiside aynı adreslemeyi kullanıyor. Dolayısıyla adres olarak verecegimiz değer 0-7 arasında olacaktır. Halbuki bizim Volum değerimiz 0-15 arasında değişiyor. Bu hesap ile Ses seviye adreslemesini volum değerine bağlı olarak 0-7 seviyesine düsürmekteyiz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Diyelim ki Volum seviyemiz 14 olsun. Bu durumda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;KON= 14 &amp;gt;&amp;gt; 3 = %00001110 değeri %0000001&lt;/strong&gt;olacaktır. Yani&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;KON=1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olacaktır.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SES=14 – (1*8) = 6&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yani volum için 4051 adres değeri&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;6 (%00000110 )&lt;/strong&gt;olacaktır. ARA=PORTB &amp;amp; 56 (56=% 00111000 dir ve bu program seçme adres değeridir)&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ARA=ARA+SES+128-(KON*64)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Volum için hangi 4051 seçili olacak buna 128-(Kon*64) hesabı karar vermektedir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnegimizde Kon=1 idi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;64*1=64&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olup&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;128-64=64&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olacaktır. Dolayısıyla B6 veya B7 den hangisi Low ise ona bağlı entegre seçilmis olmaktadır. Bu hesap sonucunda B7’ye bağlı olan entegre seçilmis olacak çünki volum değeride 14 idi yani 7 den büyük idi. Volum değeri 8 den küçük olur ise yukarıdaki hesap 128 olarak çıkacak olup böylece ilk&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4051&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;seçilmis olur otomatikman. Böylece PortB deki tüm bitlerin durumunu hesap etmis oluyoruz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bunları toplar isek;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ARA= ARA + 6 + 64 = ARA+70&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak bulunan değer direkt Port B ye yazılarak islem&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;tamamlanır. Benzer bir hesap Program tusuna basılınca da yapılmaktadır. Bu hesabın çözümünüde size&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;bırakıyorum.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu program içinde geçen ara komutlara bir göz atmakta fayda var. Bunların basında&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;READ&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;WRITE&lt;/strong&gt;komutları geliyor.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Pic lerin pek çogunda eeprom hafızası oldugunu hepimiz biliyoruz. Bazı durumlarda bu hafızaları kullanmak gerekir. Elektrik ile yazılıp silinen bir hafıza oldugundan yazılan bir değer özellikle silinmedikten sonra Pic’in voltajını da kesseniz silinmez. Bu yüzden saklanması gereken bilgiler burada saklanabilir. Bu programda da Volum ve Program değerleri bu hafıza da saklanmıstır. Bu sayede televizyonu kapattıgınız anda hangi programda kaldınız ise ve volum seviyeniz ne ise tekrar açtıgınızda aynı seviyelere ulasmıs oluyorsunuz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Simdi gelelim komutlar nasıl kullanılıyor.Pic hafızaları 8 bitlik yani 1 baytlık hafızadır. Her hafızanın 0 (sıfır) dan baslayan bir adres numarası vardır. Bu adres numarası kullanılarak istenilen bir adresteki hafızaya ulasılabilir.Hafıza ya yazma için kullandıgımız komut WRITE dır. Parametreleri Adres ve yazılacak değerdir. Yani komut;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;WRITE 0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(adres), BILGI (yazılacak değer) olarak çalısmaktadır. Hafıza dan okuma yapmak için kullandıgımız komut ise READ komutudur. Aynı sekilde adres ve değer parametresi vardır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Kullanılıs sekli;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;READ 0&lt;/strong&gt;(adres), BILGI (okunacak değer) olarak dır. Yazma ve okuma islemi yaklasık 10 ms kadar bir sürede yapılır. Sayet program içinde kesme kullanılıyor ise hatalar ortaya çıkabilir. Bunu önlemek için bu komutlardan önce kesme iptal edilmelidir (disable ile degil direkt iptal) . İslemden sonra kesme tekrar açılmalıdır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;7.ders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Proteus ve hex dosyalar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ı&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/pic-basic-pic-programlama-7.zip&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;8.ders:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu dersimizde Pic mikro işlemcilere dışarıdan bağlanan aletleri inceleyeceğiz. Dışarıdan bağlanabilen aletler olarak;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Tuş takımları (keyboard)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;LED display ler&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Port Çoğullayıcılar&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: normal; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
1. TUŞ TAKIMI KONTROLU:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Tuş takımları matriks bağlantı şeklinde çalışırlar. Yatay ve dikey hatları vardır. Tuşun birisine basıldığı zaman tuşun bağlı olduğu yatay hat ile dikey hat tuş üzerinden kısa devre edilir. Hatlardan birisini siz lojik olarak kontrol edersiniz diğerine ise lojik olarak bakarsınız. Bir örnekle açıklamak daha uygun olacak sanırım Diyelim ki aşağıdaki şekilde bir tuş takımını kontrol etmek istiyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6u9rJxbV6ja6-HdH2-U1qAkCiW4ihbAgz2Z7xGj4m4bcHuasiN2t0XmAgg6pNJsh8sAROEq73aqLD228EbfeyV9xlu4mG-Y3v-ZSr4DXmfpnetW8erbwz09W5G29lkJOEiRTSdk8nEq0/s1600/picbasic_keypad_tus_takimi_kontrol.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;305&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6u9rJxbV6ja6-HdH2-U1qAkCiW4ihbAgz2Z7xGj4m4bcHuasiN2t0XmAgg6pNJsh8sAROEq73aqLD228EbfeyV9xlu4mG-Y3v-ZSr4DXmfpnetW8erbwz09W5G29lkJOEiRTSdk8nEq0/s400/picbasic_keypad_tus_takimi_kontrol.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Amacımız basılan tuşun değerini ekranda göstermek tabii ki sonra bu değerleri bir işte kullanmak. Tuş takımında 1-2-3 numaralarla işaretlenen dikey hatları PortB de 1-2-3 nolu pinlere bağlayıp bunları giriş olarak ayarlıyoruz. A-B-C-D olarak işaretlenen yatay sıraları ise PortB de 4-5-6 ve 7 nolu pinlere bağlayıp bu pinleri de çıkış olarak ayarlıyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Burada önemli olan bir nokta var. Giriş olarak ayarlanmış pinlerin ya pull-up veya pull-down yapılması gerekmektedir. Biz örneğimizde PortB nin kendisinde olan Pull-Up dirençlerini kullanarak giriş pinlerini Pull-Up’lı olarak kullanacağız. Şimdi gözünüzde canlandırmanızı isteğim bir durum var. Dikey hatlar pull-up lı olarak High seviyesinde bekliyorlar.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Yatay hatların hepsinde çıkış olarak ayarlandı ve bunların hepsine de High uyguluyoruz. Sonuçta tuş takımına baktığımız anda yatay ve dikey hatların tamamı lojik-1 seviyesinde olduğunu görüyoruz. Şimdi basılan tuşu tespit etme işine başlayabiliriz. A ile isimlendirilen Yatay hattı (çıkış olarak ayarlanmış idi) LOW yapıyoruz. Tuş takımında şimdi yalnızca A yatay hattı LOWLOW olur. seviyesindedir. Şimdi bakalım, şayet ben 1 nolu tuşa basar isem ne olur? Tabiiki yatay hat ile dikey hat kısa devre olacağından 1 nolu dikey hat hemen&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Şayet 2 nolu tuşa basar isem bu defada 2 nolu dikey hat LOW olur. Aynı şekilde 3 nolu tuşa basar isem 3 nolu dikey hat LOW olur. işte bu özellikten yararlanarak basılan tuşu tespit edebiliriz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
işe şöyle başlarız;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW YATAY-A&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘Önce A yatay hattını LOW yaparız.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-1=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘Şayet Dikey-1 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=1 dir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-2=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘Şayet Dikey-2 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=2 dir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-3=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘Şayet Dikey-2 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=3 dür.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Buraya kadar 1. yatay sıradaki tuşları kontrol etmiş olduk. Şimdi 2. yatay sıradakileri kontrol edelim,&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW YATAY-B&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-1=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘Şayet Dikey-1 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=4 dir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-2=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘Şayet Dikey-2 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=5 dir.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;IF Dikey-3=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;‘Şayet Dikey-2 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=6 dür.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Buraya kadar 2. yatay sıradaki tuşları da kontrol etmiş olduk. Şimdi 3. yatay sıradakileri kontrol edelim,&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW YATAY-C&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-1=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=7&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;‘Şayet Dikey-1 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=7 dir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-2=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘Şayet Dikey-2 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=8 dir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-3=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;‘Şayet Dikey-2 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=9 dür.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Buraya kadar 3. yatay sıradaki tuşları da kontrol etmiş olduk. Şimdi 4. yatay sıradakileri kontrol edelim,&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW YATAY-D&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-1=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yani ( * ) tuşu‘Şayet Dikey-1 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=11 dir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-2=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;‘Şayet Dikey-2 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=0 dır.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF Dikey-3=0&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Then TUS=12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;yani ( # ) tuşu‘Şayet Dikey-2 LOW ise demek ki basılan Tuş=12 dir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Bu şekilde tuşların tamamını kontrol etmiş oluyoruz. işin temeli bu kadardır. Kısaca tekrarlamak gerekir ise ya dikey yada yatay hatların tamamını giriş olarak ayarlayın. Bunları giriş yaptınız ise , Pull-up (veya Pull-down) dirençleri ilave edin.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Matriks in diğer ucundaki hatları ise çıkış olarak ayarlayın. Sonra sıra ile çıkış olarak ayarladığınız sıraları lojik seviyesini değiştirerek girişte aynı değişikliği arayın. Olan var ise aynı hatlara bağlı tuş basılmış demektir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Şimdi tuş konusu ile ilgili program örneğimizi verelim.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘**********************************************
&amp;nbsp;
‘* Name : TUSTAKIMI.BAS *
‘* Author : [E.T.E] *
‘* Notice : Copyright (c) 2005 Ete] *
‘* : All Rights Reserved *
‘* Date : 24.06.2005 *
‘* Version : 1.0 *
‘* Notes : *
‘* : *


‘****************************************************


trisa=%00000000
trisb=%00001110


@ device pic16f628a
@ device pic16f628a, wdt_off
@ device pic16f628a, pwrt_on
@ device pic16f628a, protect_off
@ device pic16f628a, mclr_off
@ DEVICE pic16F628a, INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT


CMCON=7
OPTION_REG.7=0 ‘pull-up dirençleri aktif
tus var word


Define LCD_DREG PORTA
Define LCD_DBIT 0
Define LCD_RSREG PORTA
Define LCD_RSBIT 4
Define LCD_EREG PORTA
Define LCD_EBIT 6
Define LCD_BITS 4
Define LCD_LINES 2


Symbol YATAY_A= PORTB.4
Symbol YATAY_B= PORTB.5
Symbol YATAY_C= PORTB.6
Symbol YATAY_D= PORTB.7

Symbol DIKEY_1= PORTB.1
Symbol DIKEY_2= PORTB.2
Symbol DIKEY_3= PORTB.3


Tus=0
Pause 200
Lcdout $fe, 1

BASLA:
PORTB =254
YATAY_A=0
If DIKEY_1=0THEN
Tus=1:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_1=0
Wend
Endif


If DIKEY_2=0 Then
Tus=2:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_2=0
Wend
Endif


If DIKEY_3=0 Then
Tus=3:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_3=0
Wend
Endif
High YATAY_A
YATAY_B=0
If DIKEY_1=0 Then
Tus=4:GOSUB EKRAN


While DIKEY_1=0
Wend
Endif


If DIKEY_2=0 Then
Tus=5:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_2=0
Wend
Endif


If DIKEY_3=0 Then
Tus=6:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_3=0
Wend
Endif


High YATAY_B
YATAY_C=0
If DIKEY_1=0 Then
Tus=7:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_1=0
Wend
Endif


If DIKEY_2=0 Then
Tus=8:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_2=0
Wend
Endif


If DIKEY_3=0 Then
Tus=9:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_3=0
Wend
Endif


High YATAY_C
YATAY_D=0
If DIKEY_1=0 Then
Tus=11:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_1=0
Wend
Endif


If DIKEY_2=0 Then
Tus=0:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_2=0
Wend
Endif
If DIKEY_3=0 Then
Tus=12:GOSUB EKRAN
While DIKEY_3=0
Wend
Endif
High YATAY_D
pause 100
Goto BASLA
EKRAN:


Lcdout $fe,1,”Tus= “,#tus
pause 50
RETURN
END
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
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&lt;/strong&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: normal; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
2. LED DISPLAY KONTROLU:&lt;/h3&gt;
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Led display ler 7 segment display ler olarak piyasada isimlendirilmektedirler. Genelde ortak Anot ve ortak Katot bağlantılı tipleri mevcuttur. Ortak Anot olanlar ortak şase olarak + beslemeyi, Ortak Katot olanlar ise ortak şase olarak GND yi kullanırlar. Biz örneklerimizde ortak katot display’i inceleyeceğiz. Tercihimiz yalnızca anlatım kolaylığı açısındandır. 7 segment display in A-B-C-D-E-F-G olarak adlandırılan pin uçları vardır. Her bir pin’e High uygulanır ise bağlı olduğu segment ışıldar.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu sistemle display üzerinde sayılar oluşturulur. Normal olarak her bir display in (Ortak Anot veya Katot) kendi sürücüleri vardır. Bu sürücüler genelde ABCD olarak BCD (Binary Coded Desimal) olarak sürülürler. Yani siz ABCD girişlerine bir rakam verirseniz yonganın diğer ucu display’e bağlı olduğundan verdiğiniz rakam display’de görülür. Ancak bu sürücüler yalnızca 0-9 arası rakamları görüntüleyebilirler. Bunun dışında displayin gösterebileceği karakterleri gösteremezler. Bu nedenle Pic işlemcilerle birlikte bu sürücüler genelde kullanılmaz.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu kadar teorik bilgi verdikten sonra konunun Pic işlemcilerle olan alakasına geçelim. Pic işlemcilerle bu tip display leri kullanırken birkaç teknik kullanılır. Şayet özel karakter yazdırılmayacak ise genelde 4511 tipi bir sürücü kullanılır. Bu sürücünün çıkışları LATCH yani kilitli olduğundan pic ile kullanmaya ve mültipleks çalışmaya son derece elverişlidirler. Özel karakterlerin kullanılması durumunda yine Latch (kilit) leri olan shift register (seriden paralele çevirici) kullanmak en uygunu olacaktır. Bu konuda da en iyi yongalardan biriside 74HC595 tir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Öncelikle 4511 li bir uygulamayı inceleyelim. işin temelinde görüntülenmesi gereken her bir bilgi (dijit) ortak bilgi hatta verilir. Sonradan bu bilginin istenen led display’de görüntülenmesini sağlamak amacı ile yalnızca o displayin latch (kilidi) açılarak ortak hattan gelen bilginin çıkışa aktarılması sağlanır. Bu bilgi tekrar değiştirilinceye kadar çıkışta kalacağı için display’de bir titreme (yanma¬sönme) olmadan istenen bilgi görüntülenmiş olur.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPqGixQMEJq-8diL_GmXYL6uWDIcAKP48FIonZ8_SZLnzfEPtwBBuVGqXGWNvIAfNCzfijXCxU3_Z08NKbWWhODP3l-bhqEpPcPFwVKJf52-fomFeGpMtVZQ4poN7Svq8hu8Dtrl0x9wI/s1600/display_led_4511.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;280&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPqGixQMEJq-8diL_GmXYL6uWDIcAKP48FIonZ8_SZLnzfEPtwBBuVGqXGWNvIAfNCzfijXCxU3_Z08NKbWWhODP3l-bhqEpPcPFwVKJf52-fomFeGpMtVZQ4poN7Svq8hu8Dtrl0x9wI/s400/display_led_4511.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Şekilde görülen devre bir encoder den gelen palsları sayan bir devredir. Sayılan değer led display den görüntülenmektedir. Şekilde görüldüğü gibi, 4511 lerin ABCD girişleri ortak hatlar olarak kullanılmış ve bu girişler Pic 16F628 ‘in PortA da 0-1-2 ve 3 nolu port uçlarına bağlanmıştır. 4511 lerin segment çıkışları led display’lere bağlanmış ve en önemlisi 4511 lerin LatchEnable (LE) uçlarının her biri pic in bir pinine bağlanmıştır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi, 4511 lerin tüm ABCD girişleri ortak bağlantı şeklinde olduğundan Pic den ABCD bilgisi olarak bir bilgi çıkarırsak ve latch ları enable (LOW a çekilir ise) yaparsak verdiğimiz bilgi tüm displaylarda görülür. Örneğin 2 bilgisini oluşturacak şekilde ABCD girişlerine %0010 bilgisini verirsem tüm display’lerde 2 rakamını görürüm.&lt;/div&gt;
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Şayet ben 2 rakamının yalnızca ilk (soldan birinci) displayda görülmesini ister isem o zaman yalnızca ilk 4511’in LE ucunu (normalde sürekli HiGH da duruyor) önce Low yapar sonra tekrar High yaparım. Diğerlerine dokunmam. Bu durumda ilk display de 2 rakamını okurum. Diğerleri önceden ne kayıtlı ise o rakamları göstermeye devam ederler. işte bu teknik ile son derece hızlı bir şekilde ve ekranda titreme olmaksızın rakamlar görüntülenebilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi konuyla ilgili program örneğimizi yapalım. Aşağıdaki programda iki tane buton var. Ayrıca 2 adet Led display göreceksiniz. Tuşlardan üstte olana basılınca sayı bir artırılacak ve artırılan sayı ekranda görülecek. Alttakine basılınca da sayı bir azaltılacak ve yine sayı display de gözlenecek. Önce devremiz;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4HFyXP0cL3Hl3hSUYEXu3wUa2sAofwfbJFaJCClfwXjTiA-6WnU-RkFn4o-DYM_ZBGphnRIzyOBybamCWPsTvGmC7D1YZZBW-beUd7qrF35GVqx5gYcTaKXUmjJYPqHD1F8yhIE3uXYE/s1600/display_sayici.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;302&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4HFyXP0cL3Hl3hSUYEXu3wUa2sAofwfbJFaJCClfwXjTiA-6WnU-RkFn4o-DYM_ZBGphnRIzyOBybamCWPsTvGmC7D1YZZBW-beUd7qrF35GVqx5gYcTaKXUmjJYPqHD1F8yhIE3uXYE/s400/display_sayici.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Kodlar:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO8onBvt1GPDnlT-fIRZI7BKlQBEprcCNdYtBsO34FyHLQG7oSm4WZPmvpYHS4M6kFPRlzaLWiSSo29iIWw-kLDxl9c9Gv_l3cvgwG3PX3lZKfGcm6N5IczOEX6zw3TlRIL2GXmFWMJn8/s1600/sayici_kodlari_pbp.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO8onBvt1GPDnlT-fIRZI7BKlQBEprcCNdYtBsO34FyHLQG7oSm4WZPmvpYHS4M6kFPRlzaLWiSSo29iIWw-kLDxl9c9Gv_l3cvgwG3PX3lZKfGcm6N5IczOEX6zw3TlRIL2GXmFWMJn8/s320/sayici_kodlari_pbp.png&quot; width=&quot;228&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Daha öncede belirttiğim gibi 4511 kullanarak yalnızca sayıları display da görüntüleyebiliriz. Aynı display bize C veya&lt;/div&gt;
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(0) şeklini de gösterebilir veya (-) eksi işaretini gösterebilir. Örnek olarak bir sıcaklık göstergesi yaptık ve display de 23,3 0C şeklini görmek istiyoruz. işte bu durumda 4511 display sürücüsünü kullanamayız. Bu durumda kullanılacak en uygun yonga 74HC595 shift registerdir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi bu yonganın kullanımına bir örnek verelim,&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv-O4icETxGEV0qEj2pBlBX-WQiFpVCRVr41Qthwwgz96KIAdro39DiW7rFZdrrqW5qkp33V4kkX7cjev1sansWL8WJAG35MfjqHBdvdrJdB0WCIeXerEU_Kfg1MobzgGMb-nx0Kd8mLA/s1600/dipslay_devre_picbasic.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;217&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv-O4icETxGEV0qEj2pBlBX-WQiFpVCRVr41Qthwwgz96KIAdro39DiW7rFZdrrqW5qkp33V4kkX7cjev1sansWL8WJAG35MfjqHBdvdrJdB0WCIeXerEU_Kfg1MobzgGMb-nx0Kd8mLA/s400/dipslay_devre_picbasic.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Şimdi aynı ekranın diğer karakterler ile nasıl göründüğüne bakalım.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi-t_yvRgAZMSa_6q7H2rlCfp1WnidvzvsyvCQonAU8IYkiT9cUSXvjMlJBOGWsddQLXiMb9XXxA1s3N_CR6tvMm5e_c_IURTsn8_yf9_pMAwc6SIH2JKCKDWEY58K8d94z_ko1HFJKRQ/s1600/dipslay_devre_picbasic.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;217&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi-t_yvRgAZMSa_6q7H2rlCfp1WnidvzvsyvCQonAU8IYkiT9cUSXvjMlJBOGWsddQLXiMb9XXxA1s3N_CR6tvMm5e_c_IURTsn8_yf9_pMAwc6SIH2JKCKDWEY58K8d94z_ko1HFJKRQ/s400/dipslay_devre_picbasic.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Görüldüğü üzere 74HC595 bize istediğimiz görüntü imkanlarını sağlayabiliyor. Şimdi bu yonganın nasıl çalıştığına ve kontrol edildiğine bir bakalım.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;16 Pin li bir yonga olan 74HC595 in en önemli özelliği data bacağı (14 nolu pin) ile Clock bacağı (11 nolu pin) kullanılarak seri yoldan bilgi registerine yazılabiliyor. Ancak yazılan bu bilgi hemen çıkışta görülemiyor. Görülebilmesi için bilgi aktarma bacağı olan (12 nolu pin) pine bir clock palsının uygulanması gerekiyor. Bu özellik bize bu yonganın display sürücüsü olarak kullanılması imkanını veriyor. Basic de Shiftout komutunun olduğunu biliyorsunuz. Bu komut bize datapin, clockpin, mode , (değişkenler) şeklinde kullanılarak 8 bitlik bir bilginin seri olarak gönderilmesini sağlar. Komutun parametrelerinden biri olan Mode ise bilgi göndermede aşağıdaki işlemler için kullanılır;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;0. Önce 0 nolu data bitini çıkışa ver ve en sonda 7. biti gönder. Sonuçta Clock Low da kalsın.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1. Önce 7. biti , en sonda 0. biti gönder ve Clock Low da kalsın.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4. Önce 0. Biti, en sonda 7. biti gönder Clock High da kalsın&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;5. Önce 7. biti ve en sonda 0. biti gönder ve Clock High da kalsın.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;74HC595 Shift Register de işlemler kontrol pinleri LOW da iken yapılmaktadır. Bu nedenle biz mode olarak 2. seçeneği seçeceğiz. Bunun Mode değeri 1 dir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Yonganın kullanımına geçmeden bir LED display de karakterler nasıl oluşuyor bu konuyu biraz incelememiz gerekecek. Sıfır rakamının displayda oluşması için , segmentlere kontrol eden bitlerden,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXldvJov5IJnO0PS3bYFVUhcdCbqGeL6g43dRmzyxspEuxUsvVD6oxtTk0LmjE_bKso_wlSlsLdn2spXuBzQdTBBWIqqCLIxeL2cfs-lWzfC9EPONBTyGt9nmtNLovNOdDONz4wojn61Y/s1600/led_display_karakter.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;145&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXldvJov5IJnO0PS3bYFVUhcdCbqGeL6g43dRmzyxspEuxUsvVD6oxtTk0LmjE_bKso_wlSlsLdn2spXuBzQdTBBWIqqCLIxeL2cfs-lWzfC9EPONBTyGt9nmtNLovNOdDONz4wojn61Y/s400/led_display_karakter.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;olması gerekiyor. Aynı şekilde 1 rakamını görebilmek için sağda yer alan 1 ve 2. bitlerin bir diğerlerinin sıfır olması gerektiğini hemen anlamışsınızdır. Yine 3 rakamını oluşturmak için 0,1,2,3 ve 6. bitlerin bir diğerlerinin sıfır olması gerekir. Aynı mantık ile sayılar veya karakterlere göre bitlerin durumunun ne olması gerektiğini aşağıda belirtmekteyiz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUHkbRA1apO-UoxUSbj7wrRRRG7peP9z5POvl-u60WePDgVrE-Uyck8V55TApy4MxIZSi0MwE4EDzpFTAjJ8QyuQlWgbxg2AdINMSfRAhqpP7XMHqpcH29hkAWUf87PdljvwAUVsuHedU/s1600/tablo_bit_karakter.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;128&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUHkbRA1apO-UoxUSbj7wrRRRG7peP9z5POvl-u60WePDgVrE-Uyck8V55TApy4MxIZSi0MwE4EDzpFTAjJ8QyuQlWgbxg2AdINMSfRAhqpP7XMHqpcH29hkAWUf87PdljvwAUVsuHedU/s400/tablo_bit_karakter.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şimdi 74hc595 yongasına yukarıda belirtilen karakterlerin görüntülenebilmesi için karakterlerin sayı karşılığının nasıl verileceğini inceleyelim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Önce bir LOOKUP tablosu yapıyoruz. Lookup bir Basic komutudur. indeks kullanılarak indeks değerine karşılık gelen sıradaki değerin tablodan alınmasını sağlar. Bizim Lookup tablomuz aşağıdaki gibi olacaktır. Burada X bizim indeksimiz olacak ve tablodaki sayılarda sırası ile 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 0,C karakterlerine karşılık gelmektedir. Şimdi X=3 şeklinde X (indeks) değişkenine 3 sayısını verip Lookup tablosuna gönderir isek, 3. sıradaki değer SAYI değişkenine koyularak geri dönecektir. Yani ; X=3:GOSUB LOOKUP şeklinde bir program komutu verir isem dönüşte SAYI=79 olarak gelecektir. Bunu öğrendikten sonra şayet ben göstereceğim karakterlerin sayı karşılıklarını bu tablodan alıp Shift Registere verir isem ve registerin çıkışlarına display bağlar isem istediğim karakteri görüntüleme şansım olacaktır. işte 74HC595 kullanmanın mantıksal temeli budur. Şimdi bir Lookup tablosu oluşturup, bu tablodan aldığımız değeri 74HC595 yongasına yazalım.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;X=5 ‘yani görüntülemek istediğim karakter “5” olacaktır. GOSUB TABLO ‘Tabloya git ve 5 indeksine karşılık gelen 109 sayısını SAYI değişkenine koy ve dön SHIFTOUT DataPin , ClockPin ,1, [SAYI] ‘sayı değerini bit-bit clock ve data pinleri kullanarak ilet. HiGH AktarPini (Latch) : PAUSEUS 2 : LOW AktarPini ‘burada registere yazılan sayı bilgisinin aktarma pinine bir&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘pals verilerek yani önce HiGH ve sonra LOW yapılarak çıkışa verilmesi sağlanıyor. TABLO: LOOKUP X,[63,6,91,79,102,109,125,7,127,111,99,57],SAYI :RETURN&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Kısaca özetler isek, görüntülemek istediğimiz karakterin sayısal karşılığını tespit edip bu sayıyı Shiftout komutu ile Shift registere yazıyoruz. Sonra, registerin aktarma pinine bir pals uyguluyoruz (HiGH – LOW) ve böylece registere yazdığımız bilgi register çıkışlarına aktarılmış oluyor. Bu bilgi değiştirilinceye kadar çıkışta kalmaktadır. Böylece sürekli olarak display’e verilen bu bilgi sayesinde display de istediğimiz karakterin sürekli görülmesini sağlamış olmaktayız.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;işin görüntüleme kısmını öğrendikten sonra geriye istediğimiz display de istediğimiz bir karakterin görüntülenmesini sağlamak kalıyor. Bu işlem bir önceki konuda bahsettiğimiz mantıkla yapılmaktadır. Yani hangi display’e yeni karakter verecek isem sadece onu süren Shift Registerdeki bilgiyi yenilerim . Böylece istediğim display de istediğim görüntüyü elde etmiş olurum. Açıklamalarımızı bir örnek ile pekiştirelim. Konunun başında vermiş olduğumuz devre bir Saat + Termometre devresidir. Program ekranda hem saati hemde sıcaklık değerini görüntülemektedir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu sistemin programı aşağıda verilmektedir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3. PORT ÇOĞULLAMA :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bildiğiniz gibi pic işlemcilerin sınırlı sayıda giriş ve çıkış pinleri bulunmaktadır. Bazı durumlarda bu pinler ihtiyacımızı karşılamaz ve daha fazla çıkış veya giriş pinine ihtiyaç duyarız. işte bu gibi durumlarda kullanabileceğimiz yongalar mevcuttur. ilk inceleyeceğimiz konu çıkış çoğullama olacaktır. Diyelim ki birkaç tane port pini kullanarak daha fazla çıkış pinine sahip olmak istiyoruz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu gibi durumlarda kullanabileceğimiz güzel bir yonga var adı 74HC595 shift register. Bu yongayı daha önce saat örneğimizde incelemiş idik. Burada kısaca tekrar nasıl çalıştığını ve bu yongadan nasıl yararlanacağımız açıklayalım. 16 Pin li bir yonga olan 74HC595 in en önemli özelliği, data bacağı (14 no lu pin) ile Clock bacağı (11 no lu pin) kullanılarak seri yoldan bilgi registerine yazılabiliyor.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ancak yazılan bu bilgi hemen çıkışta görülemiyor. Görülebilmesi için bilgi aktarma bacağı olan (12 no lu pin) pine bir Clock palsının uygulanması gerekiyor. Bu durumda 3 adet pin kullanarak 8 adet çıkış elde edebiliriz demektir. Zira 74HC595 çıkış pinlerini sanki pic’e ait çıkış pinleri olarak kullanabilirim. Bunun için önce hangi pinden High , hangi pinden Low çıkarmak istiyor isem bununun binary karşılığını bulurum.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnek vermek gerekir ise; Çıkarmak istediğim bilginin bit karşılığı şöyle olsun %11001100 bu binary sayının desimal karşılığı 204 dür. Demek ki ben 74HC595’e 204 bilgisini seri olarak verirsem ve registere yazılan bu bilgiyi sonradan çıkışa aktarırsam çıkışta %11001100 bilgisini görebilirim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ilk örneğimiz bahsini ettiğimiz&amp;nbsp;basit&amp;nbsp;örnek olacaktır. Yalnızca 3 adet bacak kullanarak 8 adet çıkış elde edeceğiz. Programda BILGI adında bir değişken tanımlayıp sırasıile 1 – 2 – 4 – 8 – 16 – 32 – 64 – 128değerlerini almasını sağlayacağız. Bu değerler 8 bitlik bir sayının bitlerinin rakam karşılıklarıdır. Bu değerleri verdiğimizde 74 HC 595’in çıkışlarının sırası ile HiGH olduğunu göreceksiniz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Önce devremizi verelim;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW_rs3_BGHIe7FMPnm4H4EK583JtOKr6Kq3hyXSL4I91gC7aYAIIOgaOCOjLNl4_S0WduxBf7ikMjiTbWWOnfgrq42GQLEHXFkIm7Qkjq4tju0hlHJWkg0CkLTuf5RorJPigzGlCOzc4E/s1600/74hc595_cok_cikis.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;177&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW_rs3_BGHIe7FMPnm4H4EK583JtOKr6Kq3hyXSL4I91gC7aYAIIOgaOCOjLNl4_S0WduxBf7ikMjiTbWWOnfgrq42GQLEHXFkIm7Qkjq4tju0hlHJWkg0CkLTuf5RorJPigzGlCOzc4E/s400/74hc595_cok_cikis.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;ve programımız;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKgxjmidfPtGvLT0VaZ2w7N4OYYSJQsWGk_wU5jPr-0IS-oBRQrFemWPIiXrHsmC-BMnRwDschEnKX3bsedxz_S4eVxHAwKvhX1vutNeC9_HWMxV1j_X4uSFy-KqQoMl45pQpqvs-xA1w/s1600/cikis-cogullama-picbasic.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;396&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKgxjmidfPtGvLT0VaZ2w7N4OYYSJQsWGk_wU5jPr-0IS-oBRQrFemWPIiXrHsmC-BMnRwDschEnKX3bsedxz_S4eVxHAwKvhX1vutNeC9_HWMxV1j_X4uSFy-KqQoMl45pQpqvs-xA1w/s400/cikis-cogullama-picbasic.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Burada bir soru sormak isterim. 74HC595’in çıkışlarını 1-8 arası numaralandırırsak, Diyelim ki 3 ve 6. pinlerden High çıkarmak istiyorum. Ne yapmalıyım?.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Cevap basit tabii ki. isteğimin binary karşılığı %00100100 ve desimal karşılığı ise 36 rakamıdır. Dolayısı ile programı aşağıdaki şekilde verir isek istediğimiz yerine gelecektir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BILGI=36&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SHIFTOUT DTA,CLK,1,[BILGI]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HIGH AKTAR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PAUSEUS 5&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW AKTAR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu satırların sonunda istediğim bitler High olacaktır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Görüldüğü üzere yalnızca 3 bit (pin) kullanarak 8 adet çıkış elde ettik. O halde 6 adet pin kullanır isek toplam 16 adet çıkış yapabiliriz. Bunu da size ödev olarak bırakıyorum.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Giriş Çoğullama için 74165 yongasını kullanacağız. Bu bir paralel yüklemeli 8 bit seri shift Registerdir. Şimdiye kadar gördüğümüz shift registerlerinde data seri girilip çıkış 8 bit paralel olarak alınıyor idi. Şimdi bu işlemin tersini yapacağız.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Yani datayı 8 bit paralel girip bu bilgiyi 8 bit seri bilgi haline çevireceğiz. Girişleri input olarak kullanabileceğimiz için yine 3 adet pin kullanarak 8 adet giriş elde etmiş olacağız. Öncelikle 74165 yongasını biraz incelememiz gerekiyor.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;8 adet (D0-D7) data girişi bulunmakta 1 adet Clock girişi (2 nolu pin) 1 adet Data çıkışı (9 nolu pin) ve 1 adet Paralel Load pini (1 nolu pin) bulunmaktadır. Girişler D0-D7 data pinlerinden yapılmakta, Paralel load pinine bir pals uygulanarak giriş bilgilerinin dahili registere yazılması sağlanmakta ve sonradan Clock ve Data pini kullanılarak registerdeki bilgi D7-D0 olarak yani tersten başa doğru seri olarak alınmaktadır. Açıklamalarımızı bir programla uygulayalım.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Önce Devremiz,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAetzXlBJoJWAqwMsShuPJsR7zVyFzRpbr21qmHptR5luTnrTNcIrjnwGG9Ke6VTWztu3R12bO50ulFXaeSqs5rP68PntWmN49vTLp4zaCaEjsyQWoxzU3-a3mjX9dvwW6hsAO4MXxZeA/s1600/74hc165_cok_giris.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;247&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAetzXlBJoJWAqwMsShuPJsR7zVyFzRpbr21qmHptR5luTnrTNcIrjnwGG9Ke6VTWztu3R12bO50ulFXaeSqs5rP68PntWmN49vTLp4zaCaEjsyQWoxzU3-a3mjX9dvwW6hsAO4MXxZeA/s400/74hc165_cok_giris.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Devremiz ve yazacağımız programda amacımız tuşlardan hangisine basarsak karşılığı olan biti PortB de High yapmak. Yani 1 nolu tuşa basmış isem PortB.0 High olacak. Aynı şekilde şayet 8 nolu tuşa basmış isem PortB.7 High olacak.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şimdi programımızı inceleyelim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4QE4rCg-UKh951KP8GXIbIeP6I7tC_mf-T2ONMKM8u49sSKfv1QtiqjizFVhexmxiJmAClb1yJ2Y4NtYuYuRMV3KT7bgdvFb7rDyOZctcL8Oz2GuksmlvixcnLFtzv5NnKlNRobzDMUk/s1600/74hc165_cok_giris_program.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;396&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4QE4rCg-UKh951KP8GXIbIeP6I7tC_mf-T2ONMKM8u49sSKfv1QtiqjizFVhexmxiJmAClb1yJ2Y4NtYuYuRMV3KT7bgdvFb7rDyOZctcL8Oz2GuksmlvixcnLFtzv5NnKlNRobzDMUk/s400/74hc165_cok_giris_program.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Aslında gördüğünüz gibi program gayet basit ve kısa. Tuşlardan birine bastığım anda bilgi registere aktarılıyor ve seri olarak okunup PortB ye veriliyor. Hepsi bu kadar.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bir programda hem giriş hemde çıkış çoğullama sı yapabilirsiniz. Bunun için iki ayrı Clock ve iki ayrı data pini sembol olarak tanımlanmalıdır. Tabiiki aktarma pinleri de farklı olacaktır. Bunlara dikkat ettikten sonra program yukarıda verilenler örnek alınarak kolaylıkla yapılabilir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;8.ders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Proteus ve hex dosyalar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ı&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/pic-basic-pic-programlama-8.zip&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/03/pic-basic-ogreniyorum-3.html&quot;&gt;Sayfa 3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/9134384239075056729/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/9134384239075056729?isPopup=true' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/9134384239075056729'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/9134384239075056729'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/03/pic-basic-ogreniyorum-2.html' title='Pic Basic Öğreniyorum 2'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho9wpAcv5VGbNalCLTvgkUZYtxrUxVjdl0NNXF5aQTg_Lp0WTIXqROOS0zSvAUaZ2X6qVl6jq9Sgp9OOYtW6pyNBFNW11mDuODD1XXnTjpRtLCUlGvaOwGEQ195ynXYohG85pOQQpkmM4/s72-c/adcon1_register.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5659439136601095489.post-5804872835742391924</id><published>2013-03-19T09:52:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-03-19T11:24:42.723-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pic Basic Öğreniyorum</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;1.ders:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Pic Micro işlemciler hakkında kısa bilgi:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Pic mikro işlemciler teknik özellikleri ve kılıfları açısından farklılıklar gösterirler. Her şeyden önce birden fazla bacağa (pin) sahip olan işlemcilerin bacakları giriş veya çıkış olarak çalıştırılabilirler. Özellikleri açısından da bir kere programlanabilenler (C serisi) programları ultraviyole ile silinip yeniden programlanabilenler ve birden fazla silinip programlanabilenler olarak sınıflandırılabilirler. Biz genelde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;FLASH&lt;/strong&gt;olarak tarif edilen birden fazla silinip programlanabilen tipler üzerinde çalışacağız.Pic’ler taşıdığı ekstra özellikler açısından da bir kaç kategoriye ayrılırlar. Örnek olarak üzerin de;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Analog-Digital Çeviricisi olanlar,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Komparatör olanlar,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Donanımsal olarak seri haberleşme ünitesi olanlar,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;HPWM ünitesi olanlar gibi Pic’ler mevcuttur. İleriki bölümlerde bunların kullanımına ait örnekler vereceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
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Pic işlemcilerin pinlerinin hem giriş hem de çıkış olarak çalıştırılabildiğinden bahsetmiş idik. Açıklamalarımızla ilgili uygulamalarımıza “Proje” adını vereceğiz ve her projemizin bir numarası olacaktır. Şimdi Pic lerinin organizasyonu işlemlerine kısa bir göz atalım.&lt;/div&gt;
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Kullanacağımız Pic 16F84A olacak. Bu işlemcinin toplam 18 bacağı vardır.5 nolu bacak(-),ve 14 nolu bacak(+) besleme ,15-16 nolu bacaklar (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;XTAL&lt;/strong&gt;) osilatör bacakları ve PortA (0-4 arası 5 adet pin) &amp;lt; 17,18,1,2,3 nolu bacaklar &amp;gt; ve PortB (0-7 arası 8 adet pin) &lt;6 bacaklar=&quot;&quot; nolu=&quot;&quot;&gt; olmak üzere toplam 13 adet (Giriş-Çıkış) pin’e sahip bir işlemcidir.&lt;!--6--&gt;&lt;!--6--&gt;&lt;!--6--&gt;&lt;!--6--&gt;&lt;!--6--&gt;&lt;/6&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PIC16F84 Pin Bilgileri&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGFI6j7kwpQWLhlDzmWunT6P01x388EFav791UXozYIav7ijOfxtnyUWPG356htxEnfUk0jgDDJxYTxsZuWpp1yoGsmdiyfWVbJTY7v8ZdWdVn539SCfgbETTSyN02WsGGl2HL-A3efsk/s1600/pic16f84-pdip-soic-pic-bacak.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGFI6j7kwpQWLhlDzmWunT6P01x388EFav791UXozYIav7ijOfxtnyUWPG356htxEnfUk0jgDDJxYTxsZuWpp1yoGsmdiyfWVbJTY7v8ZdWdVn539SCfgbETTSyN02WsGGl2HL-A3efsk/s400/pic16f84-pdip-soic-pic-bacak.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;İlk projemize geçmeden, anlatımda lazım olacak olan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASIC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de kullanılan sayı gösterim formatları konusunda biraz bilgi vermek istiyorum. Bildiğiniz gibi kullanacağımız 3 tür sayı formatı vardır. Formatlar ve gösterim şekilleri aşağıda verilmiştir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1) Desimal Sayılar&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(10 tabanına göre düzenlenmiş sayılar):direkt kullanılırlar 12 -23 gibi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2) Hexadesimal Sayılar&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(16 tabanına göre düzenlenmiş sayılar) : başlarına $ işareti koyularak gösterilirler. $1F , $31 gibi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3) Binary Sayılar&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;(2 tabanına göre düzenlenmiş sayılar) : ise başlarına % işareti koyularak gösterilirler. %111000 , %0001 gibi.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Sıklıkla kullandığımız sayı sistemi desimal olduğundan diğer sayıların kolayca anlaşılabilmesi için zaman zaman bu sayıların 10 tabanına çevrilmesi gerekir. Aşağıda bu işlemin nasıl yapıldığını&amp;nbsp;basitçe göreceksiniz. Bu işlemde temel formül; aynı on tabanına göre sayılarda olduğu gibidir. Sağdan sola doğru haneler sayı tabanının katları şeklinde değer alırlar. Yani değişen tek şey taban çarpım değeridir. Örnekle daha iyi anlayacaksınız.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Hexadesimal sayılar :&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-A-B-C-D-E-F: Örnek sayımız &lt;3f&gt; olsun. 16 tabanlı sayı formatı olduğundan;16′lar hanesi olan 3 sayısı 16 ile çarpılıp F sayısının desimal karşılığı bu sayıya eklenir. Dolayısıyla; 3F = 3 x 16 + 15 = 63 olarak bulunur. Şayet sayı 23F olsa idi sayımız= 2 x 256 + 16 x 3 + 15= 575 olarak bulunacak idi.&lt;!--3f--&gt;&lt;!--3f--&gt;&lt;!--3f--&gt;&lt;!--3f--&gt;&lt;!--3f--&gt;&lt;/3f&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Binary sayılar; 0-1 , örnek sayımız %11101101 olsun. Hanelerin taban sayısının katları şeklinde gittiğini biliyoruz. O halde sağdan itibaren ilk sayımız hane değerleri şöyle olacaktır. sayı sırasına göre verir isek 128 – 64 – 32 – 16 – 8 – 4 – 2 – 1 Bu sisteme göre sayımızı desimal değere çevirelim; %11101101: 128×1 + 64×1 + 32×1 + 16×0 + 8×1 + 4×1 + 2×0 + 1= 128+64+32+8+4+1=237 olarak bulunacaktır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;En çok kullanacağımız sayı formatlarından birisi olan Binary sayı formatının kullanım yerine bir örnek vermek bu aşamada iyi olacaktır sanırım. Bir Pic’in B portuna bağlı olan Led lerden 0-3-4-6-ve 7 nolu pinlere bağlı olanları bir seferde yanar hale getirebilmek için porta verilecek değeri desimal olarak hesaplayalım. Bu durumda PortB=%11011001 olacaktır.Desimal değeri = 128+64+16+8+1= 217 olarak bulunur.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;İlk projemiz,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PIC16F84A&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;işlemcinin Tüm bacaklarını çıkış olarak ayarlamak ve bu çıkışlara bağlanacak&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;lerin değişik aralıklar ile yanmasını gösteren bir program olacaktır. Bu arada amaç, Pic lerin bacaklarının nasıl çıkış olarak ayarlandığını öğrenmek olacaktır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Pic lerde bacakların giriş veya çıkış olarak ayarlanmasını üstlenen bir REGISTER (Türkçe’si YAZMAÇ) vardır. Her bir port için ayrı olan bu registerler A portu için TRISA , B portu için ise TRISB olarak adlandırılır. Tris yazmaçları aslında Pic’in hafızasında 8 bitlik birer hafızadırlar. Buraya yerleştirilen sayının Binary formatındaki şekline bağlı olarak Pic bacaklarını giriş veya çıkış olarak ayarlar.8 bitlik değer sırası ile port’a ait pinleri temsil etmektedir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şöyle ki;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;%00000000, ifadesi 8 bitlik Binary bir sayıdır. Desimal karşılığı 0 (sıfır) dır. Bu değeri herhangi bir TRIS registerine verir isek tüm pinlerin OUTPUT yani çıkış olarak ayarlanacağını ifade eder.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;B)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Şayet değer %11111111 olur ise tüm bacakların INPUT yani giriş olarak ayarlanacağını ifade eder.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Binary değerin bazılarının sıfır (0) bazılarının bir(1) olması ise bazı pinlerin çıkış bazılarının ise giriş olarak ayarlandığını gösterir. Şimdi açıklamamızı program şeklinde verelim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISA=%00000&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘A portu Çıkış olarak ayarlandı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISB=%00000000&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘B portu Çıkış olarak ayarlandı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Çıkış olarak belirlediğim portun çıkış değerini Low (0) olarak ayarlamak için şu şekilde bir ifade yazabilirim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTA=0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘A portu tüm çıkışlar Low (0)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTB=0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘B portu tüm çıkışlar Low (0) Eğer High yapmak isteseydim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;(PORTA=1),(PORTB=1)şeklinde yazacaktım.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Gördünüz mü ne kadar basit. Pinleri çıkış olarak ayarladım ve tüm çıkışları Low yaptım.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Herhangi bir portun bir pin’inin gösterilme şekli port ismi devamında nokta ve pin numarası verilerek yapılır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnek A portunun 2 nolu pini için PORTA.2 şeklinde bir gösterim kullanılır.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Şimdi diyelim ki PORTA.0 yani A portunun sıfır biti yani ilk pin’e bağlı&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;‘i yakalım ;Komutumuz bir kaç mantıklı şekilde olabilir. Sırası ile;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTA.0=1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘PortA.0 High yani 1 oldu ve LED yandı.veya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HIGH PORTA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘PortA.0 High oldu yani LED yandı,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Komutu mümkün olduğu sürece şeklinde kullanmayı tercih edin.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgejr0_WcCZB-ujpF-FA8xdfDpLWo1BG7M47prvV55u5keuzAvsWseAD1VZuTvyF22krJAfk3858Y5DxSFuskAf7rfTzbxaqbV2o50KXkB9-ChBIRDtmIBgl8kJkpPYhST9Gj59j1FVeUQ/s1600/picbasic_led_yak_1.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;193&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgejr0_WcCZB-ujpF-FA8xdfDpLWo1BG7M47prvV55u5keuzAvsWseAD1VZuTvyF22krJAfk3858Y5DxSFuskAf7rfTzbxaqbV2o50KXkB9-ChBIRDtmIBgl8kJkpPYhST9Gj59j1FVeUQ/s400/picbasic_led_yak_1.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şimdi de birden fazla pin’e bağlı Led lerin aynı anda yakılmasını gerçekleştirelim.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA=%10101&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şeklin de bir komut yazarsam, sağdaki ilk değer olan 1 (Bir)&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.0&lt;/strong&gt;′a verilir. Sonra sırası ile yani soldan sağa doğru olan Binary değerler PORTA nın 0-4 nolu pinlerine verilirler. Değer sıfır ise pin Low, değer bir ise pin High olur.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Sonuçta bu komut ;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISA=%00000&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘A portu Çıkış olarak ayarlandı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.0=1&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;PortA.1=0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;PortA.2=1&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;PortA.3=0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.4=1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘( Bu pin diğerlerinden farklıdır.Open kollektör olduğu için “pullup” direnci kullanılır.Aksi halde istediğimiz çıkışı alamayız.)şeklinde karşılık gelen Binary değerleri port pinlerine verir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Demek ki bir port’a bağlı pinlerin birden fazlasına hükmetmek için port’a sekiz bitlik bir Binary veya desimal değer verilir.Şimdi port pinlerinin ne amaçlı çıkış olarak kullanıldığı üzerine biraz bilgi verelim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Diyelim ki port pin’ine bağlı bir Role yi bir transistor aracılığı ile çalıştırmak istiyorsun. İşte yolu, pin çıkışını bir direnç ile (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1K-2k2&lt;/strong&gt;) bir transistor ün (B)eys’ine bağla.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;NPN&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;tipi bir transistör kullanırsan transistör ün (E)mitterini&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye bağla. Port Pin’inden High (1) çıkartırsan transistör iletime geçecek ve (C) kollektör ünden&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;çıkaracaktır. Bunu bir role ye bağla ve rölenin diğer ucunu +5V‘a bağlar isen pinden röleyi çalıştırıp kapatabilirsin.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bunu bir örnekle açıklayalım;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Diyelim ki PortB.1 pinine bir transistör üzerinden role bağladık ve bu röleyi açıp kapayacağız.İşte basit programımız;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Proje 1b :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS3j3RpO23WbxR48pZ5SQuxna7pvCzqx1lhXyBdLem9SU6UAQSeADi0RKUwsiblUIiajE8vpuehS8GLlbd5vPo7yO_yBsUjR4iqrjOPy0ISk7Bc0dF2S1jNoANXksqjyY-w7mv3leb6xQ/s1600/pic_basic_role.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;176&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS3j3RpO23WbxR48pZ5SQuxna7pvCzqx1lhXyBdLem9SU6UAQSeADi0RKUwsiblUIiajE8vpuehS8GLlbd5vPo7yO_yBsUjR4iqrjOPy0ISk7Bc0dF2S1jNoANXksqjyY-w7mv3leb6xQ/s400/pic_basic_role.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISB=%00000000&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘B portu çıkış yapıldı&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB=0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;‘B portunun çıkışı Low(0) yapıldı.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ROLEAC:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4 HIGH PORTB.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PAUSE 1000&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘1000 ms lik bir gecikme yaratır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW PORTB.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PAUSE 500&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GOTO ROLEAC&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Satırda PortB yi çıkış olarak ayarladık.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Satırda PortB pinlerinin tamamını LOW yaptık.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;cü satırda ROLEAC isimli bir etiket yarattık.(Yaptırmak istediğimiz diğer komutlar için ismini kendimizin koyduğu başka etiketler yaratıp programın daha fazla işlem yapmasını sağlarız.)&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;satırda PortB.1 pinini High yaptık.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;satırda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1000 ms&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;lik bir gecikme yarattık. Yani role&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1000 ms&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;süresince çekili kaldı.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Satırda PortB.1 pinini LOW yaptık. Yani role bıraktı.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;7.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;satırda tekrar&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;500 ms&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;lik bir gecikme yarattık.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Sonra programı tekrar aynı işleri yapması için ROLEAC etiketine yönlendirdik.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Buraya kadar öğrendiklerimizi toparlar isek;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;- Sayı gösterim formatlarını öğrendik.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;- Port pinlerinin nasıl giriş nasıl çıkış yapılacağını öğrendik.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;- Port ve port pinlerine nasıl ulaşabileceğimizi öğrendik.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;- Milisaniye cinsinden gecikmenin nasıl yaratıldığını öğrendik.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;- Program içinde etiket kullanarak aynı işlemlerin nasıl tekrarlanabileceğini öğrendik.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bütün bu öğrendiklerimizi tek program üzerinde göstermeye çalışalım.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Proje 1c :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnkuqCmW5WjWbHTXy8ZDZTPayN2U66GJuZGrJWSpvgHIq9KtTo1ilEgSTA0N7Mb-mDANdOL3OGc0ufzdm4AlfZzPeyFFJxtmOtxnFtP77b5TNROkpJ33T-VljMIuWuISLtAndd-HYXz18/s1600/pic16f84_picbasic_led_role.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;211&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnkuqCmW5WjWbHTXy8ZDZTPayN2U66GJuZGrJWSpvgHIq9KtTo1ilEgSTA0N7Mb-mDANdOL3OGc0ufzdm4AlfZzPeyFFJxtmOtxnFtP77b5TNROkpJ33T-VljMIuWuISLtAndd-HYXz18/s400/pic16f84_picbasic_led_role.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Program PortA.0 pinine bağlı&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;i kontrol edecek ve ayrıca PortB.0 pin’ine bağlı röleyi açıp kapayacaktır. Role çekildiğinde PortA.0 pinine bağlı&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yanacak. Role bırakınca&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;’de sönecektir. Role çekili kalma süresi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1 sn&lt;/strong&gt;. yani&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1000 ms&lt;/strong&gt;. olacaktır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISA=0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘bu ifade “TrisA=%00000”e eşdeğerdir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISB=0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;PortA=0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;PortB=0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ROLEAC:&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;HIGH PORTB.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘role çektirildi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PAUSE 500&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘500 ms bekleme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HIGH PORTA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Led yandı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PAUSE 500&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘500 ms bekleme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW PORTA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Led söndü&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PAUSE 500&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘500 ms bekleme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW PORTB.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Role bıraktı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PAUSE 500&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘500 ms bekleme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GOTO ROLEAC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Roleac etiketine git&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;END&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘programın burada bittiğini ifade eder.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1.ders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp;Proteus ve hex dosyalar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ı &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/pic-basic-pro-ile-pic-programlama-ders-1.zip&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;2.ders :&lt;/span&gt;Bu dersimizde pic pinlerinin nasıl input yani giriş olarak ayarlandığını ve bu işlemin nerelerde kullanıldığını öğreneceğiz. Hazırlanan programlarda pic in zaman zaman dış ortamdan bilgi alması ve bu bilgiye göre karar vermesi istenir. Örnek olarak bir tuşa basılması halinde git şu işi yap şeklinde bir program en basitinden yazılabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Yada bir anahtar kapalı ise bir iş yap. Aynı anahtar açık ise başka bir iş yap gibi. Bir önceki dersimizde Port pinlerinin giriş olarak ayarlanması için Port’a ait&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRIS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazmaç’ına 1 yani high verilmesi gerektiğini öğrenmiş idik. Bu kaide her bir pin için gerekli. Portun tamamı giriş yapılacak ise 8 bitlik 255 ($FF – %11111111) değerinin&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRIS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazmacına verilmesi gerekir.Bir örnek programla bunu açıklayalım.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Varsayımlarımız; Pic’in PortB.0 pinine bir anahtar bağlı. Anahtar açık iken pin low da (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;pull down direnci ile&lt;/strong&gt;) anahtar kapalı iken pin High da olsun. Burada Pull down şeklinde bir terim geçiyor. Port pinlerinin sıfıra yani Low’a çekilebilmesi için pin ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;arasına 10K lık bir direnç bağlanır. Buna&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Pull-Down&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;işlemi denir. Aynı işin tersi olarak Pin şayet 10K lık bir direnç ile +5V‘a bağlanır ise bu dirence de&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Pull-Up&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;direnci denir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şimdi PortB.0 10K ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye bağlı yani bu direnç ile sürekli&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;da tutuluyor. İki ucu olan Anahtarın bir ucu pin’e bağlı diğer ucu da +5V‘a bağlı olsun. Anahtarı kapadığımız zaman pin’e +5V yani High gelsin. Anahtarın durumunu bir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ile izlemeye çalışalım. Anahtar kapalı iken PortA.0‘a 470 Ohm dirençle bağlı bir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yansın. Anahtar açık iken Led sönsün.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;İşte programımız ve açıklamaları;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Proje 2a :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGBQKA934VruSG-OvBmpIWPQaCtnTcC8-0hTV65hKL9I7zW8qYr0y5EYm4W-_M20fUENv1glNq6YD5L3IKQLJGoS8toBGhY-7Td0eWu-h2Xqbte5Gt3uYTj1Y7vtNEgZKm2SYAt80PuU0/s1600/pic16f84_470ohm_led_yak.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;227&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGBQKA934VruSG-OvBmpIWPQaCtnTcC8-0hTV65hKL9I7zW8qYr0y5EYm4W-_M20fUENv1glNq6YD5L3IKQLJGoS8toBGhY-7Td0eWu-h2Xqbte5Gt3uYTj1Y7vtNEgZKm2SYAt80PuU0/s400/pic16f84_470ohm_led_yak.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISA=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘A portu çıkış olarak ayarlandı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;TRISB=%00000001&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘B.0 pini giriş diğerleri çıkış olarak ayarlandı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SYMBOL TUS= PORTB.0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ PortB.0 pinine sembol ismi olarak TUS adı verildi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;SYMBOL LED= PORTA.0&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘ PortA.0 pinine sembol ismi olarak LED adı verildi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;IF TUS=1 THEN&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘ Anahtar kapalı ise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;HIGH LED&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ LED’i yak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;ELSE&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ Değilse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;LOW LED&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘ LED’i söndür&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;ENDIF&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘ IF sorgulaması sonu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;GOTO&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘ BASLA isimli etikete git.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;END&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu programda bazı yeni komutlar gördünüz. Sırası ile inceleyelim. Önce SYMBOL komutunu görelim. Bu komut tanımlanmış bir değişkeni başka isimle yeniden tanımlamak veya herhangi bir port pinine bir isim vermek için kullanılır. Burada komutu port pinlerine isim vermek için kullandık. Aynı işi port pinini değişken olarak tanımlayarak da yapabilirdik. Şöyle;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TUS VAR PORTB.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED VAR PORTA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;şeklinde yapılan tanımlama fonksiyon olarak SYMBOL tanımlaması ile aynı işlevi görür.Burada VAR isimli bir ifade görüyorsunuz. Sırası gelmişken bu ifadenin ne olduğunu açıklayalım. VAR İngilizce&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;VARIABLE&lt;/strong&gt;kelimesinden kısaltılarak türetilmiş olup Türkçesi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEĞİŞKEN&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;dir. Program içinde değişken tanımlamanıza imkan tanır. Program içinde muhtelif değişkenler kullanılmaktadır.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PBP&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;genel olarak 5 tip değişken tanımlamanıza olanak tanır. Bunları örneklerle açıklayalım;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bit tipi değişken;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TUS VAR BIT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(veya TUS VAR PORTA.0) değişkenin boyutu bit dir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BYTE tipi değişken;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;AL VAR BYTE&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;,burada AL isimli değişken 8 bitlik bir değişken olup alabileceği en büyük rakam 255 değeridir. Böylece bu değişken 0-255 arasında herhangi bir değer alabilir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;WORD Tipi Değişken;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TOPLAM VAR WORD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;, burada TOPLAM isimli değişken çift baytlık yani 16 bitlik bir değişken olup alabileceği rakam değerleri 0 – 65535 arasında olacaktır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Dizi Tipi Değişkenler ;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ISIM VAR BYTE [10]&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘isim adı altında 11 adet değişken tanımlar. Bu değişkenlere değişken numarası verilerek ulaşılabilir. Sıralama sıfırdan başlar. Örneğin ISIM[4] beşinci değişken olmaktadır. Son olarak Sabit değerli değişkenleri tanımlayacağız.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TA CON 3&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘ Burada TA isimli değişkene 3 değeri sabit olarak verilmektedir. Program içinde bir daha değiştirilemez veya sadece ilk tanımlandığı yerde değiştirilebilir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Tekrar programımızdaki komutlara dönersek IF (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şayet veya Eğer&lt;/strong&gt;) komutunu göreceğiz.IF komutu sorgulama yapılması gereken veya şarta bağlı işlerde kullanılan bir komuttur.Şayet PORTA.0 pini Low ise PORTB.0 daki Led yansın şeklinde bir şarta bağlı bir işlemin program halinde yazılımı şu şekilde olacaktır;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;IF PortA.0=0 then HIGH PortB.0 IF komutunun içinde kullanılan birde ELSE isimli ilavesi vardır. Bu komut birinci şart doğru değilse ikinci şart olarak kullanılır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şayet PORTA.0=0 ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;‘i yak değil ise (yani PortA.0=0 değil ise)&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;‘i söndür şeklinde verilen bir tanımlamayı program olarak yazacak olur isek;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF PORTA.0=0 THEN&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;HIGH LED&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;ELSE&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;LOW LED&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;ENDIF&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Else komutunu kullanacağımız zaman mutlaka birinci satırda THEN den sonra bir şey yazmamamız gerekir. (Yukarıda olduğu gibi) Devam eden ifade alta yazılır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Yeni bir program yazacağız ve öğrendiğimiz yeni komutları bu programda kullanacağız.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Programın konusu şöyle;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Proje 2b:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjazHuUMjMeMUKsEeiwJdVoVpAdVx9UgflsqiOqftgOI7iDWEcRO27e8zcjXARnOadDgk9th2c3NN4FEFUH8cNoknQnnGrpRdfzvCxE4n_jU0jXdfdt5w7a_1VMZwfMc4X2G_ULyBhgZvo/s1600/pic16f84a_picbasic_proje2b.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;203&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjazHuUMjMeMUKsEeiwJdVoVpAdVx9UgflsqiOqftgOI7iDWEcRO27e8zcjXARnOadDgk9th2c3NN4FEFUH8cNoknQnnGrpRdfzvCxE4n_jU0jXdfdt5w7a_1VMZwfMc4X2G_ULyBhgZvo/s400/pic16f84a_picbasic_proje2b.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- PortB.0 pinine bir Tuş bağlı ve Pull-Up yapılmış vaziyette. Yani pin sürekli High da duruyor. Tuşa basılınca&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olacaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- PortB.1 pinine bir Led bağlı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Tuşa basıldığı zaman&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yanacak , tuşa tekrar basıldığı zaman&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LED&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;sönecek. Bir nevi on/off anahtar gibi çalıştıracağız tuşu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Görüldüğü gibi yalnızca&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;portunu kullanıyoruz. Sıfır nolu pin (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;B.0&lt;/strong&gt;) tuş bağlı olduğu için giriş olacak, bir nolu pin (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;B.1&lt;/strong&gt;) ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Led&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bağlı olduğu için çıkış olacak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şimdi programımıza geçelim ;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISB=%00000001&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;SYMBOL TUS=PORTB.0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;SYMBOL LED=PORTB.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;IF TUS=0 THEN&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;IF LED=1 THEN&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;LOW LED&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;ELSE&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;HIGH LED&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;ENDIF&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;ENDIF&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;GOTO BASLA&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;END&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Burada programı kısaltmak için başka bir komut kullanabiliriz. TOGGLE komutu.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Toggle&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bit bazında&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;çalışan bir komut olup bit şayet 1 ise 0 yapar. Bit şayet 0 ise 1 yapar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Aynı programı şimdi Toggle kullanarak yazalım;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Proje 2c : (şema 2b ile aynı)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISB=%00000001&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;SYMBOL TUS=PORTB.0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;SYMBOL LED=PORTB.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;PAUSE 70&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;IF TUS=0 THEN TOGGLE LED&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;GOTO BASLA&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;END&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Gördüğünüz gibi program bayağı kısaldı. Toggle komutu byte tipi değişkenlere tatbik edilmez. Örneğin TOGGLE PORTB diyemeyiz. Ancak TOOGLE PORTB.2 diyebiliriz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Biraz da matematik yapalım. Programlarda matematik dört işlem komutları normal matematik yapılır gibi kullanılmaktadır. Gerektiğinde işlemler değişkenler yardımı ile de kullanılabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnek vermek gerekir ise;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A=24&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;B=12&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;C=A+B&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şeklinde bir ifade kullanılabilir.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C=A-B&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C=A/B&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C=A*B&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;şeklinde ifadeler kullanılabilmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Sonuçlar konusunda programcıların dikkatli olması gerekir. 8 bitlik değişkenler kullanılarak yapılacak hesapların sonuçları da 8 bit sınırı içinde olması gerekir. 8 biti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;aşan sonuçlar için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;WORD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;değişkeni kullanılmalı, 16 biti aşan hesaplamalarda ise bölme için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DIV32&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu kullanılmalıdır. Bu konuda ileriki derslerimizde örnekler üzerinde çalışacağız.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu arada bit bazında yapılan işlemlerde bazı önemli noktalara işaret etmek istiyorum. Bir kısmı giriş bir kısmı çıkış olarak ayarlanmış portlarda işlem yapmak genellikle problemlere sebep olur. Bu yüzden bit bazında yapılan işlemleri çok iyi öğrenmek gerekir. Bunun için Mantıksal Operatörler (Logical Operators) konusunu inceleyeceğiz. Çoğunuzun mantık konusunda bilgi sahibi olduğunu düşünüyorum. Yinede mantık genel konularına burada değinmekte yarar var.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;a) AND (ve) Operatörü:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Mantıksal operatörlerin anlaşılmasının en kolay yönlerinden birisi lamba devreleridir. İki adet anahtar ile bir adet lambayı yakacağımızı düşünürsek, ve şart olarak da her iki anahtar kapalı olunca lamba yansın der isek bir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;AND&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;işlemine ihtiyacımız var demektir. Bu durumda eşitlik aşağıdaki gibi olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF (SW-1=1) AND (SW-2=1) THEN HIGH LAMBA&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bu eşitliğin mantık modeli ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1 AND 1 = 1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olumsuz hali olarak&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1 AND 0 = 0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazılabilir. Tabii ki&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;0 AND 0=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;olduğunu söylemeye gerek yok sanırım.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Lamba olayına geri döner isek, lambanın yanabilmesi için her iki anahtarın (1) yani kapalı olması gerektiği ortadadır. Anahtarlardan birisi açık olur ise olumsuz hal meydana gelir ve lamba sönük kalır. AND operatörü bit bazındaki işlemlerde genellikle aşağıdaki şekillerde kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- 8 bitlik bir ifadeden bazı bitleri izole edip ayırmak için;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTB= %11100100&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olsun ve bu bilginin ilk 4 adet bitini başka bir değişkene vermek isteyelim.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A=PORTB AND %00001111&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A= %0100&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olacaktır. yani ilk 4 adet bit A değişkenine eşitlenmiş olur. Temel kaide izole edilecek bitlerin tamamı 1 ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;AND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;lenir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;- Yine&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;8 bitlik&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bir ifadede istenen bazı bitleri low yapmak için kullanılabilir.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTB=%11100100&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olsun ve biz high olan 2 biti low yapmak isteyelim. İşte çözüm;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTB=PORTB AND %11111011&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PORTB nin yeni değeri %11100000 olacaktır. Temel kaide low yapılacak bit sıfır diğer bitler 1 ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;AND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;lenir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;b) OR (veya) Operatörü :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Yine lamba devresini örnek verecek olursak, bir lambanın yanabilmesi için iki anahtardan birisinin kapalı olması yeterli ise bu durumda karşımızda bir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;işlemi var demektir. Bunun şartlı ifadesi şöyledir;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF (SW-1=1) OR (SW-2=1) THEN HIGH&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;LAMBA mantık modeli ise&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1 OR 1 = 1&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;1 OR 0 = 1&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;0 OR 1 = 1&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;0 OR 0 = 0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Or&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;işlemi şartlı ifadelerde kullanılır. yukarıdaki lamba örneğinde olduğu gibi. Bundan daha fazla olarak istenen bir bit’in high yapılmasında kullanılmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnek;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB=%11001100&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ise ve 1. bit&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;High&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yapılmak isteniyor ise;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB=PortB OR %00000010&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şeklindeki ifade ile 1. bit High yapılır. Sonuç PortB=%11001110 olur.High yapılmak istenen bit 1 diğerleri&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;lanır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;c) XOR (Özel Veya) :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Genellikle bitleri ters çevirme işlemlerinde kullanılır. Mantıksal model şöyledir.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1 XOR 1 = 0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;0 XOR 0 = 0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;1 XOR 0 = 1&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;0 XOR 1 = 1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A=%11100011 , B=%01010101&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olsun&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C= A XOR&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;B eşitliğine bakalım ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;nin alacağı değeri hesaplayalım&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A= %11100011&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;B= %01010101&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;XOR&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C= %10110110&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;sonucu elde edilecektir. Şimdi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin bitlerini ters çevirmek istersek şöyle&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;yapılacaktır;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C=%10110110&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;%11111111&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;——XOR——-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C=% 01001001&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;görüldüğü gibi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin yeni değeri öncekinin ters çevrilmiş halidir. Demek ki bir sayının bitlerini ters çevirmek için o sayıyı tamamı 1 lerden oluşan bir sayı ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;XOR&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;lamak gerekir.Bir sayının yalnızca bir bitini ters çevirmek için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TOGGLE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu kullanılmaktadır. Ancak aynı işi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;XOR&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;ile de yapabiliriz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A=%11111110&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olsun bu sayının 7. bitini ters çevirecek olur isek&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A.7=A.7 XOR %1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Bu durumda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;sayısı&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;%011111110&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olacaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Daha öncede belirttiğimiz gibi aritmetik işlemlerinde kullandığımız değişken tipine bağlı olarak işlem yapmaya dikkat etmeliyiz. Özellikle vurgulamaya çalıştığım konu 8 bitlik sayılarla çalışırken elde edilecek neticenin de 8 bit sınırları içinde olmasına özen göstermeliyiz. Şayet hesap sonucu 8 biti aşacak ise veya aşma ihtimali var ise mutlaka sonucu yerleştireceğimiz değişken Word tipinde seçilmelidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2.ders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Proteus ve hex dosyalar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ı&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/pic-basic-pic-programlama-ders-2.zip&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3.ders:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD Kullanımı:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Yazığımız programlardan elde edeceğimiz neticeleri görsel olarak takip edebilmek amacı ile Pic’lere muhtelif büyüklüklerde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ekranlar bağlandığını biliyorsunuz. Şimdi Pic ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kullanımı konusunda detaylı bir uygulama yapacağız ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kullanımını her yönü ile öğreneceğiz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Önce biraz&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;leri tanıyalım. Bu konuda en çok kullanılan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;2 sıra ve her sırada 16 karakter yer alan&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ler kullanılır. Bunların 4 sıralı olanları olduğu gibi her sırada karakter adedi 40 ‘a kadar olanlarda mevcuttur.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ler standart olarak 14 bacaklı (pinli) ekranlardır. Bacak numaralarına göre fonksiyonları aşağıda belirtilmektedir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijWuOuGeVMxUxtCNPUO-eXt2F0Xpdx1kgoWBj-A_EfgSsOphOX_su8NRcjcnhSLFeMkbWRJaJOScsi2CwC_rut5tC5GGd0Hhz-rvyT7UtRyH2iq8JHaLogAVoYNwekLAEDOtdpt4GIaho/s1600/2x16_lcd.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;255&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijWuOuGeVMxUxtCNPUO-eXt2F0Xpdx1kgoWBj-A_EfgSsOphOX_su8NRcjcnhSLFeMkbWRJaJOScsi2CwC_rut5tC5GGd0Hhz-rvyT7UtRyH2iq8JHaLogAVoYNwekLAEDOtdpt4GIaho/s400/2x16_lcd.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Nolu Pin :&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacağıdır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;+5V giriş bacağı&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Kontrast ayara bacağı olup genelde 22 K lık trimpot’un bir bacağı&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye diğer uç bacağı +5V’a ve orta bacağı da bu kontrast bacağına bağlanarak trimpot ile ekran koyuluk açıklık ayarı yapılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;RS – Reset Bacağı&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;R/W yazma okuma set etme bacağı.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;E – Enable bacağı.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;7.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;D0 – Data Bacağı sıfır nolu bit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;8.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;D1 – Data Bacağı 1 nolu bit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;9.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;D2 – Data Bacağı 2 nolu bit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;10.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;D3 – Data Bacağı 3 nolu bit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;11.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;D4 – Data Bacağı 4 nolu bit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;12.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;D5 – Data Bacağı 5 nolu bit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;13.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;D6 – Data Bacağı 6 nolu bit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;14.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;D7 – Data Bacağı 7 nolu bit.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bazı modellerinde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;15.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;16.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;cı bacaklarda mevcuttur. Bunlar back light denilen arkadan ekran aydınlatması için kullanılan Led ışığının voltaj besleme uçlarıdır. Bu uçlar ayrı verildiği gibi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;16.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;cı bacaklar olarak da verilebilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin kullanımı ile ilgili protokol’e biz burada girmeyeceğiz. Bu işi bize BASIC yapacak. Yalnızca&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;nin 8 adet (8 bitlik) Data giriş bacakları olduğunu ve istenirse&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ile 8 yerine 4 bit üzerinden haberleşme yapılabileceğini belirtmek istiyorum. Aslında 8 bit’in tek seferde verilmesi yerine ince ilk 4 bit sonrada ikinci 4 bit verilerek 8 bitlik bilgi tamamlanmaktadır ve bu işi yine BASIC yapmaktadır. Faydası ile 8 adet yerine 4 adet Data bacağı kullanarak Pic’de bize 4 adet fazladan bacak bırakmasıdır ve bu yüzden kullanım açısından daima tercih edilmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin Pic ile birlikte kullanılması için bazı kurallar vardır. Bunların başında&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu gelmektedir. Bu komut&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin hangi porta bağlı, Kaç data bacağı kullanıyor gibi bilgileri Pic’e vermekte kullanılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Kısa bir örnekle açıklayalım.&lt;br /&gt;
Vereceğimiz örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;tanımlama için kullanılması gereken tüm DEFINE komutlarını ve ne amaçla kullanıldıklarını göreceksiniz.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_DREG	 PORTB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD data bacakları hangi porta bağlı? Bu örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Data bacaklarının&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye bağlı olduğu belirtiliyor.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_DBIT	 4&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD data bacakları hangi bitten başlıyor? Bu örnekte Data bacaklarının&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin 4. bitinden itibaren başladığı belirtiliyor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_EREG	 PORTB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD Enable Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı? Bu örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Enable bacağının&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye bağlı olduğu belirtiliyor.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_EBIT	 3&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;‘LCD&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Enable Bacağı Hangi bite bağlı ? Bu örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Enable bacağının&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB.3&lt;/strong&gt;(3.bit) e	 bağlı olduğu belirtiliyor.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_RWREG PORTB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;LCD RW Bacağı PortB de bağlı Bu örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RW&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacağının&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de bağlı olduğu belirtiliyor.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_RWBIT 2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;LCD RW Bacağı 2. bite bağlı Bu örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RW&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacağının 2 bite bağlı olduğu belirtiliyor.&lt;/div&gt;
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Şayet&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;den geriye karakter okuması yapılmayacak ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RW&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacağı daima&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye bağlı durabilir. Bu durumda 1 bacaktan tasarruf edilebilir. İleride buna ait örnekler görülecektir. Burada komutun anlaşılması için biz bu bacağı da&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye bağlı kabul edeceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_RSREG	 PORTB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD RS Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı ? Bu örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacağının&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;B&lt;/strong&gt;portuna bağlı olduğu belirtiliyor.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_RSBIT	 1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD RS bacağı Hangi Bite bağlı ? Bu örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacağının&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB.1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1. bit) e bağlı olduğu belirtiliyor.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_BITS	 4&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD 4 bit mi yoksa 8 bit olarak bağlı? Bu örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye kaç data bacağı ile bağlandığını açıklıyor.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_LINES	 2&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD Kaç sıra yazabiliyor Bu örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin Kaç sıra çalıştığı açıklanıyor.&lt;/div&gt;
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Standart kullanımlarda buraya kadar olan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;tanımlamaları yeterlidir. Ancak bazen yüksek frekanslı 10&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MHz&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve üzeri çalışma frekanslarında&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ekranına yazılan karakterler hızdan dolayı izlenemez hale gelebilirler. Bunu önlemek için gerek komut verildikten sonra ve gerekse&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DATA&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;verildikten sonra standart bir bekleme süresi tanımlanır ve karakterler izlenebilir hale gelir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu komutlarda sırası ile&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_COMMANDUS	 1000&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘1000 değer mikro saniye cinsinden gecikme süresi olup isteğe bağlı olarak artırılıp azaltılabilir. Komut sonrası gecikme süresini belirler.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘DEFINE LCD_DATAUS	 225&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘Data bilgisinden sonraki gecikmeleri tanımlar.&lt;/div&gt;
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Buraya kadar verdiğimiz örneklerle&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin Pic’e bağlantısını tanımlamış olduk. Program içinde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;nin kullanımına ait bazı açıklamaları verdikten sonra örnek programımıza geçeceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye bir bilgi (emir) veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Data&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(karakter) göndermek için kullanılan komut;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;dır. Bu komut şayet&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;eklentisi ile birlikte kullanılır ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye bir komut gönderileceği anlamına gelir. Örneğin Ekranın silinmesi için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutunu verdiğimizde tüm ekrandaki bilgiler silinir. Program içinde sıklıkla kullandığımız bazı komutlar vardır. Bunlar, Yazma konumunu (imleç in yeri) ekranın en başına almak&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,2&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;, Yazma konumunu (imleç in yerini) İkinci satır başına almak için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$C0&lt;/strong&gt;gibi komutlar verilir. Ayrıca yazma konumunu ekranın herhangi bir yerine almak için ekran adresi kullanılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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İlk satır birinci karakterin adresi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$80,&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ikinci karakterin adresi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$81&lt;/strong&gt;, ve 7. karakterin adresi ise $86 dır. İkinci sırada bu adresler ilk karakter için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$C0,&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ikinci için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$C1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve sırası ile&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$C2-$C3-$C4&lt;/strong&gt;… şeklinde gitmektedir. Örnek olarak ilk sıra 7. karakterden itibaren “MERHABA” yazmak istersek şu komutu vermeliyiz.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$86,”MERHABA”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Öğrendiklerimizi artık bir programla kullanalım isterseniz.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnek Program 3a:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Ekranda ilk satırdan itibaren&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;“BASIC DERSLERI”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yazıp ikinci satıra ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;“DERS No:3”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ifadesini yazabileceğimiz programı gerçekleştirelim. Mikroişlemcimiz yine 16F84 olsun.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;B portuna bağlı olacak ve 4 bit data bağlantısı olacaktır. Enable pini 3 nolu bit’e , R/ W pini 2 nolu bit’e ve RS pini ise 1 nolu bite bağlı olacaktır. İşte Programımız.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_DREG	 PORTB&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD data bacakları PortB de bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_DBIT	 4&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD data bacakları 4. bitten başlıyor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_EREG	 PORTB&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD Enable Bacağı PortB de bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_EBIT	 3&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD Enable Bacağı 3. bite bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_RWREG PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD RW Bacağı PortB de bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_RWBIT 2&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RW Bacağı 2. bite bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_RSREG	 PORTB&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS Bacağı PortB de bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_RSBIT	 1&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS bacağı 1. Bite bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_BITS	 4&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD 4 bit olarak bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_LINES	 2&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD 2 sıra olarak çalışıyor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISA=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘A portu çıkış olarak ayarlandı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;TRISB=0&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘B portu çıkış olarak ayarlandı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW PORTB.2&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘RW bacağı ekrana yazmaya imkan vermek için LOW yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PAUSE 200&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD nin kullanıma hazır hale gelebilmesi için gerekli süre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,1&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘Önce Ekranı siliyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;LCDOUT “&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASIC DERSLERI&lt;/span&gt;”&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘ilk sıra baştan itibaren yazdırıyoruz. Aslında bu komutu başka bir şekilde de yazabiliriz, şöyle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;‘LCDOUT $FE,2,”&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASIC DERSLERI&lt;/span&gt;”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$C0,”&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DERS No: 3&lt;/span&gt;”&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ikinci satıra yazdırıldı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;End&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Program sonu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Aynı programı&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;RW&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bacağını direkt&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GND&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye bağlıyarak da çalıştırabiliriz. Bu durumda ;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;LOW PortB.2&lt;/strong&gt;komutuna ihtiyaç yoktur.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Devre Şeması :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFMYZ6N89wcvTYoJG4wxhfTN-4eZtwvOHrnlcNsi73rIspIueAMlGhpumT342yLA6QzQcPTuN8Cr4RU76v-lU0rIV2BX48J3Vvv5Jtf2ezq-Omuk08moBBRm5ssvl1BbZZNb6JaQnSjbM/s1600/lcd_pic_basic_proje3a.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;282&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFMYZ6N89wcvTYoJG4wxhfTN-4eZtwvOHrnlcNsi73rIspIueAMlGhpumT342yLA6QzQcPTuN8Cr4RU76v-lU0rIV2BX48J3Vvv5Jtf2ezq-Omuk08moBBRm5ssvl1BbZZNb6JaQnSjbM/s400/lcd_pic_basic_proje3a.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Ekran kullanımında en çok karşılaşılan şekillerden birisi sabit bir karakter dizisinden sonra bir değişkene bağlı olarak değer gösterme işi dir. Diyelim ki ortam sıcaklığını ölçüyorsunuz ve bunu ekranda gösteriyorsunuz.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu durumda ekranda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;“SICAKLIK : 23,3 oC”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ibaresine benzer bir görüntü olacaktır. Genelde 23 değeri bir değişkende tutulur ve 0,3 değeri ise ayrı bir değişkende tutulur. Şimdi&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ISI=23&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ONDA=3&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;olduğunu kabul ederek bunun ekranda gösterilme şeklini inceleyelim.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT “SICAKLIK :”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu ekrana SICAKLIK : ibaresini yazacaktır. Devamı için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT “ SICAKLIK : “,#ISI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şeklinde bir ifade yazılır ise;&lt;/div&gt;
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Ekrana çıkan şekli&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt; SICAKLIK : 23 &amp;gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olacaktır. Geriye ondalık kısmını yazdırmak kalıyor. Bunun için&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT “SICAKLIK : “,#ISI,”,”,DEC1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ONDA&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ifadesini yazmamız gerekiyor.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;#ISI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutundan sonra gelen virgül peşine ikinci bir komut geleceğini gösteriyor. Arkasında yer alan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;“,”&lt;/strong&gt;ifadesi ekrana 23 rakamından sonra bir virgül koyacaktır. Peşinden gelen&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEC1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ise sonraki gelen ifadenin Desimal bir sayı olduğunu ve 1 hanesinin yazılacağını gösterir. Daha sonraki ise zaten ONDA değişkeni olup&lt;/div&gt;
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3 sayısını tutmaktadır. Sonuç olarak ekranda;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SICAKLIK : 23,3&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak görülür. Bu ifadelerin devamına derece işareti ve C karakterini ilave edince işlem tamam olacaktır. Ancak LCD karakterleri içinde derece işareti yoktur. Bunun nasıl oluşturulduğunu ileride göreceğiz. Şimdilik yalnızca C karakterini koymaya çalışalım. Komutun tamamı;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT “SICAKLIK : “,#ISI,”,”,DEC1 ONDA, “ C”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şeklinde verilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Ekranda gösterilecek sayı formatlarını verdikten sonra ikinci örneğimize geçeceğiz. Sayılarımız Desimal ,&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Hexadesimal&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Binary&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak gösteriliyorlardı. Bunları&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de göstermek için aşağıdaki formatları kullanıyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Desimal Sayılar :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sayıyı direkt olarak göstermek için başına&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;#&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ilave edilir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;#ISI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;gibi. Çok haneli sayılarda hane sayısını kısıtlamak için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu kullanılır. DEC1 tek hane, DEC2 iki hane DEC3 üç hane gösterir. Olmayan haneler yerine akrana sıfır çıkar. Örneğin ISI=23 ise ve biz ekrana DEC3 ISI yazmış isek ekrandaki görüntüsü&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;023&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;olarak izlenir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HEX Sayılar.:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Değişken veya sayı başına&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HEX&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HEX1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HEX2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;gibi ifadeler yazılır. Rakamlar gösterilecek hane sayısını ifade etmektedir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Binary Sayılar:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Binary sayılar başların&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BIN&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BIN1-BIN2 – BIN3&lt;/strong&gt;..) ifadesi koyularak gösterilirler.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Proje 2b :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu örneğimizde değişkenlere bağlı sayıların ekranda gösterilmesi konusunu işleyeceğiz.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PIC16F84&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;işlemci ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2X16 LCD&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;kullanarak Bazı sayı formatlarını ekranda izleyelim. Program önce bir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SAYI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;değişkenini kullanacak ve sıfırdan başlayıp sayı değerini her seferinde bir artırarak oluşan yeni&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SAYI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;değerini üst satırda Desimal alt Satırda Binary olarak gösterecek. İkinci adımda ise Yine sıfırdan başlayarak bir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SAYI&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;değişkeni değeri 10’ar artırılacak ve elde edilen yeni değer üst satırda Desimal, alt satırda ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HEX&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak gösterilecektir. İzleyelim.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_DREG		PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD data bacakları PortB de bağlı&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_DBIT			4 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD data bacakları 4. bitten başlıyor&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EREG		PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD Enable Bacağı PortB de bağlı&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EBIT			3&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD Enable Bacağı 3. bite bağlı&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RWREG    		PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD RW Bacağı PortB de bağlı&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RWBIT     		2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RW Bacağı  2. bite bağlı&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSREG		PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS Bacağı PortB de bağlı&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSBIT		1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS bacağı 1. Bite bağlı&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_BITS			4 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD 4 bit  olarak bağlı&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_LINES		2&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD 2 sıra olarak çalışıyor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISA=0&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘A portu çıkış olarak ayarlandı.&lt;/span&gt;
TRISB=0 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘B portu çıkış olarak ayarlandı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SAYI     VAR     BYTE&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Sayı değişkenini Byte olarak ayarladık  . Maksimum 255 değeri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LOW PORTB.2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘RW bacağı ekrana yazmaya imkan vermek  için LOW yapıldı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PAUSE 200 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ LCD nin kullanıma hazır hale  gelebilmesi için gerekli süre&lt;/span&gt;
LCDOUT $FE,1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ Ekran silindi&lt;/span&gt;
SAYI=0&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘SAYI ilk değeri sıfır olarak verildi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘————-ANA PROGRAM BAŞLANGICI —————-&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA&lt;/span&gt;:
LCDOUT “  SAYI = “,#SAYI  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ilk satıra Sayı Desimal olarak yazıldı&lt;/span&gt;
LCDOUT $FE,$C0,” Binary = “,BIN  SAYI&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ikinci sıraya Binary olarak yazıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
PAUSE 500&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘500 ms   bekliyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;
SAYI=SAYI+1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘SAYI bir  artırıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
IF SAYI&lt;100 basla=&quot;&quot; span=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; then=&quot;&quot;&gt; ‘SAYI mız 100 den küçük ise tekrar başla&lt;!--100--&gt;&lt;!--100--&gt;&lt;!--100--&gt;&lt;!--100--&gt;&lt;/100&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘bu satırda sayı=100 olacaktır . Burada sayı değişkenini tekrar  sıfırlıyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;
SAYI=0
ARA:	  LCDOUT “  SAYI = “,#SAYI&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ilk satıra Sayı Desimal olarak yazıldı&lt;/span&gt;
LCDOUT $FE,$C0,” Hex = “,HEX2 SAYI  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘ikinci sıraya Hex olarak yazıldı.&lt;/span&gt;
PAUSE 500
SAYI=SAYI+10&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Sayı değeri 10  artırıldı&lt;/span&gt;
IF SAYI&lt;250 ara=&quot;&quot; span=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; then=&quot;&quot;&gt; ‘sayı değeri 250 den küçük ise ARA’ ya git&lt;!--250--&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;END&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘SAYI=250 olunca  programı bitir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--250--&gt;&lt;!--250--&gt;&lt;!--250--&gt;&lt;/250&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Bu kadar&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bilgisi yeterli olur sanırım. Birazda özel karakterlerin yaratılması işini inceleyelim.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;lerde 8 adet yeni karakter yaratmamıza izin verilir. Karakterler&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;5 x 7&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;formatında oluşturulur ve 8 adet data halinde özel karakter hafızasına yerleştirilirler. Normalde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de Türkçe karakterlerin olmadığını biliyorsunuz. İşte bu karakterleri toplam 8 adet olmak şartı ile kendimiz oluşturup kullanabiliriz. Önce özel karakter hafıza adreslerini verelim sonra karakterlerin nasıl yaratıldığını açıklayalım.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de 1 . karaktere ait adresin başlangıcı $40 dır. Bu adresten itibaren sırası ile 8 adet adrese 8 bitlik karakter dataları yerleştirilir ise bu karakterin numarası 0 (sıfır) olur ve datalara bağlı olarak yeni karakter ekranda gösterilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de 2. karakter hafızası&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$48,&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;üçüncü&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$50,&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;dördüncü&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$58,&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;beşinci&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$60,&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;altıncı&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$68,&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yedinci&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$70&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;ve sonuncu da&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$78&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;adresinde yer almaktadır. Oluşturulacak karakterler soldan sağa 5 ve yukardan aşağıya 7 olmak üzere&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;5X7&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;matriks te oluşturulmaktadır. Son data (8.ci) daima sıfırdır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi ilk Türkçe karakterimizi oluşturalım. Oluşturacağımız karakter Ö harfi olacaktır. Önce kendimize&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;5 x 7&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ebadında bir matriks çizelim. Çizdiğimiz matriks içine ü harfini oluşturacak şekilde Kareleri kapatalım veya açalım. Sonuçta aşağıdaki sisteme göre dataların değerlerini satır satır hesaplayalım.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGLGmr8hzwVbGqmYCTAuqodtlwX0TIkgubsvVt8_zUC8Yhm7dBNUaKsdiKZmBnVmsdRo6CqxB25z5GMFj18Al3Hhh2GAFXE7sIEdRN_abhrz8VZGx-3w_do41eq1h2wc2nRM4liKYExtg/s1600/lcd_data_bit.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;365&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGLGmr8hzwVbGqmYCTAuqodtlwX0TIkgubsvVt8_zUC8Yhm7dBNUaKsdiKZmBnVmsdRo6CqxB25z5GMFj18Al3Hhh2GAFXE7sIEdRN_abhrz8VZGx-3w_do41eq1h2wc2nRM4liKYExtg/s400/lcd_data_bit.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Görüldüğü gibi 1 olan bitlere karşılık gelen bit değerleri soldan sağa doğru toplanarak o sıraya ait data elde edilmektedir. İşte ilk sıradaki Binary değeri olan %10001 değeri nin Desimal karşılığı için 16 + 1 değerleri toplanarak 17 değeri bulunmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
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İşte bu şekilde elde edilen datalar daha sonra programın başında bir yerde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;ye verilir. Nasıl mı şöyle;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$40,0,17,0,17,17,17,31,0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Böylece sıfır nolu karakteri oluşturmuş oluyoruz. Data adedinin 8 adet olmasına dikkat ediniz. Son data daima sıfır olmalı.&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi Derece işaretini oluşturalım&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV896UpLnZ35mfBReuSj8Dde2Skx9KwhiAMbblg3dKriEL7CsYkZcg_zAxG9yLBIZh0Yve2dZr7FlbGCpCdYtJ79GL8oKi1Tded-zsLe5n-qKzK1USr3d486UEVlrYKsOr8zSv04j9sPA/s1600/lcd_data_2.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;385&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV896UpLnZ35mfBReuSj8Dde2Skx9KwhiAMbblg3dKriEL7CsYkZcg_zAxG9yLBIZh0Yve2dZr7FlbGCpCdYtJ79GL8oKi1Tded-zsLe5n-qKzK1USr3d486UEVlrYKsOr8zSv04j9sPA/s400/lcd_data_2.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Hesapladığımız Data lar ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$40, 6,9,9,6,0,0,0,0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Şeklinde olacaktır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi Derece işaretini 1. karakter olarak oluşturalım.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$48, 6, 9, 9, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Yeniden Karakter üretmeyi öğrendik. Şimdi bunların program içinde nasıl kullanıldıklarına bakalım.&lt;/div&gt;
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Diyelim ki Sıcaklık göstergesi örneğimize geri dönelim ve ekrana;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SICAKLIK : 23,3 oC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şeklinde bir ifade yazmaya çalışalım. Derece işareti 1 nolu karakterimiz olduğunu varsayıyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Komut şöyle olacaktır;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT “SICAKLIK : “,#ISI,”,”,DEC1 ONDA,” “,1,”C” ONDA&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;isimli değişkeni verdikten sonra tırnak içinde 2 karakterlik boşluk bırakıyoruz. Daha sonra virgül koyup 1 yani 1. karakteri yazdırıyoruz. Sonra tekrar virgül koyup tırnak içinde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;karakterini yazdırıyoruz. Buradan şu sonuç çıkmaktadır. Oluşturulan karakterler ekrana karakter numarası ile getirilirler.&lt;/div&gt;
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İkinci örneğimiz 0 (sıfır) nolu karakterimizi ilk satır 5. haneye yazdıralım.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$84,0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Buraya kadar&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kullanımını her yönü ile öğrenmiş olduk. İleriki programlarımızda bol bol&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kullanacağız ve bilgimizi geliştireceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3.ders &amp;nbsp;Proteus ve hex dosyaları&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/pic-basic-pic-programlama-ders-3.zip&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;4.ders:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Program Oluşturma Genel Kuralları&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Bu bölümde bir program yazılırken nelere dikkat etmeliyiz, hangi bilgi nerede verilmeli bunları öğreneceğiz. Ayrıca program oluşturmak için kullanacağımız yazılımlara bir göz atacağız. Daha sonrada oluşturduğumuz programı derleyip Hex file (Hex Dosyası) haline getirip Pic’e yüklemeyi öğreneceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;
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Basic programları yazılırken bir editör programından yararlanılır. Bu herhangi bir editör programı olabileceği gibi BASIC ler için yaratılmış özel editör programları da olabilir. Tabii ki özel editörlerin görsellik ve program takibi açısından büyük avantajları vardır. Bu nedenle bizde Özel editör programlarından olan Micro Code Studio programını kullanacağız.&lt;/div&gt;
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Program yazma işinde ilk önerimiz programlarınızın başına bir başlık mutlaka yerleştirin. Bu aynı zamanda program sırasında ilk olarak yazılacak bölümü kapsamaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Örnek başlık;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;****************************************************************
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; İsim      :&lt;/span&gt; Program Adı.BAS                                           *
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Yazar   :&lt;/span&gt; [İsminiz]                                                         *
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Not       : &lt;/span&gt;Copyright (c) 2004]                                        *
‘*               : Tüm Hakları Saklıdır                                     *
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Tarih     :&lt;/span&gt; 21.12.2004                                                    *
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Sürüm   :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0                                                                 *
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notlar    :&lt;/span&gt; *
‘*                :                                                                       *
‘****************************************************************&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;/pre&gt;
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Hiçbir program ilk yazıldığı hali ile çalışır hale gelmez. Sürekli olarak düzeltmeler yapıldıktan bir müddet sonra program yerine oturur. Bu nedenle her program değişikliğinde sürüm numarasını mutlaka değiştirmeye çalışın. Aksi taktirde programın hangisi olduğu konusunda tereddüde düşersiniz.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu başlık verildikten sonra , şayet program içinde interrupt (kesme) kullanılacak ise ikinci öncelik sırası olarak kesme tanımlaması yapılmalıdır. Tanımlama şöyle olabilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ON INTERRUPT GOTO KESME&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Şayet kesme kullanılmayacak ise Giriş çıkış pinleri ayarlanmalıdır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;TRISA=0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;TRISB=255&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;gibi&lt;/div&gt;
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Daha sonra kullanılan mikro işlemciye ait Device tanımlamaları ve Config bilgileri verilmelidir. Burada&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;@&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;(at) işareti ile başlayan ve aslında&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ASM&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(assembly) komutlarının Basic satırlarında kullanılmasına olanak tanıyan bir komuttan yararlanıyoruz. Çünkü bu komutlar ASM komutları olarak verilmektedirler. Örnek kullanım şekli aşağıdaki gibi olacaktır.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;@ DEVICE pic16F628
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_ON
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_ON
@ DEVICE pic16F628, INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT  ‘XT_OSC - HS_OSC –&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
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Yukarıdaki örnekte program için ilk sırada&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PIC16F628&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;mikro işlemcisinin kullanılacağı tanımlanıyor . İkinci sırada Config değerini oluşturmak üzere, Watch&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Dog Timer&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;On yani açık yapılıyor. Üçüncü sırada Power on Timer açık olarak ayarlanıyor. Dördüncü sırada Kod Protek kapalı olarak ayarlanıyor.&lt;/div&gt;
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Beşinci sırada&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MCLR&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pini kullanılacak deniyor. Bu&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;16F628&lt;/strong&gt;’in bir özelliği olup&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MCLR&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pini gerektiğinde bir INPUT pini olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Burada&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MCLR ON&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yani açık olarak ayarlanıp pin’in&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MCLR&lt;/strong&gt;fonksiyonu şeklinde kullanılacağını gösteriyor. Şayet bu&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;OFF&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yapılırsa&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MCLR&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pini bir&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;INPUT&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pini olarak kullanılabilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Son satırda ise yine&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;16F628&lt;/strong&gt;’e özel bir komut görülüyor. Bu komut&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;16F628&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;içinde bulunan dahili osilatör ün kullanılıp dışarıya ayrıca Clock çıkışı yapılmayacağını göstermektedir. Bu komuta yazılabilecek diğer alternatifler satır sonunda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;XT_OSC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;HS_OSC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak verilmiştir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu işlemler yerine getirildikten sonra yine mikro işlemci tipine bağlı olarak gerekirse bir emir daha verilir. Bazı işlemcilerde Komparatör bazılarında ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Analog-Digital&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;çeviriciler bulunur. Bu sistemler açılışta önseçimli (default) olarak açık çalışırlar. Yani Komparatör ’ü olan bir Pic de aksine bir emir koymaz iseniz Komparatör önseçimli olarak çalışır. Şayet bu Komparatör bacaklarını iptal edip onları normal giriş-çıkış pin lerine dönüştürmez iseniz programınız hatalı çalışacaktır. Bu yüzden programın bu sırasında var ise bu komutlar yer alır. Komparatör lerin iptali için genelde;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;CMCON=7&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şeklinde bir komut yazılır. Analog Digital çeviricilerin iptali için ise;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ADCON1=7&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bilgisi verilir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Verilen değerler pic tipine göre değişiklik arz edebilir. Bu nedenle işlemcilerin Data Sheet’ lerine bakarak doğru bilgiler verilmelidir.&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu bölümden sonra programda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;kullanılacak ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;tanımlamaları yapılır. Örnek tanımlama bir önceki derste verilmiştir. Görsel olarak unutulmaması için burada yeniden tanımlama yapıyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEFINE LCD_DREG	PORTB&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD data bacakları PortB ye bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_DBIT	 4&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD data bacakları 4. bit den başlıyor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_RSREG	PORTB&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS Bacağı PortB ye bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_RSBIT	1&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS bacağı 1. Bite bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_EREG	PORTB&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD Enable Bacağı PortB ye bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_EBIT	 3&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD Enable Bacağı 3. bite bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_RWREG PORTB&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RW Bacağı PortB ye bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LC_RWBIT 2&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RW Bacağı 2. bite bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_BITS	 4&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD 4 bit olarak bağlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;DEFINE LCD_LINES	2&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;‘LCD 2 sıra yazabiliyor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Bu aşamadan sonra sıra, Değişkenlerin tanımlanmasına gelir. Programın bu bölümünde program içinde kullanacağımız değişken isimleri ve tipleri belirlenir. Değişkenler büyüklüklerine göre Bit – Byte ve Word tipinde belirlenebilirler. Gerekirse port pinleri için Symbol tanımlaması kullanılabilir. Dolayısıyla Symbol tanımlaması da değişken tanımlama bölümünde yapılmalıdır.&lt;br /&gt;
Örnek vermek gerekir ise&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcfc; background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SIRA		VAR		BYTE
TOPLAM	VAR		WORD
X		VAR		BYTE
DOGRU	VAR		BIT
TUS		VAR		PORTB.0
CLK		VAR		PORTA.1
DATA		VAR		PORTA.2
SYMBOL   BUTON=PORTB.7&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SYMBOL   LED = PORTB.6&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
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Değişken tanımlamaları verildikten sonra, program için gerekli olan ilk değerler ayarlanır. Genelde değişkenler sıfırlanır (sıfıra eşitlenir). Varsa&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;için Türkçe karakterler tanımlanır.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SIRA=0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;TOPLAM=0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;X=0&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;LOW CLK&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Artık sıra programın ana bölümüne gelir. Genellikle programlar bir etiket ile başlatılır. Çünkü işlemlerin tekrarlanması amacı ile tekrar bu başlangıç bölümüne geri gelinmesi gerekebilir. Etiket adı olarak genelde&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;START&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ILK&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;veya&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BIRINCI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;gibi isimler kullanılır.&lt;/div&gt;
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Şimdi buraya kadar öğrendiklerimizi bir Örnek programla tekrarlayalım.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Proje 4a :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXzA8HUGzwZLJDSAi7LkQssFzn8dvbPmS2Gvo-K7mkVzR5yNk4oN3E1Tl91gPvC8f9F4bylYyHBy3maIO5PIC0_zA2sDaRCVgNhGqMc6mpMUFtaYt7a4DvFvV7M_HD0WC0Ik070fDGxZQ/s1600/picbasic_proje4a_4led_pic16f84.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXzA8HUGzwZLJDSAi7LkQssFzn8dvbPmS2Gvo-K7mkVzR5yNk4oN3E1Tl91gPvC8f9F4bylYyHBy3maIO5PIC0_zA2sDaRCVgNhGqMc6mpMUFtaYt7a4DvFvV7M_HD0WC0Ik070fDGxZQ/s400/picbasic_proje4a_4led_pic16f84.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu örneğimizde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortB&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCD&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;bağlayacağız.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ve&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;pinlerine&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Pull-Up&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;yapılmış iki tuş bağlayacağız.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;daki tuş Yukarı ,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;deki tuş ise Aşağı tuşu olarak çalışacaktır. Başlangıçta Ekranda Sayı adı altında bir değişken’ verilen sıfır değeri görülecek ve yukarı tuşuna basılınca sayı bir artırılacaktır. Aynı şekilde Aşağı tuşuna basılınca sayımız bir azaltılacaktır. Sayıların artırılma ve eksiltme durumlarında maksimum ve minimum değerlerinden sonra aldıkları değerleri görerek öğrenmeniz için sayı değişkeni için bir sonlandırma fonksiyonu kullanılmayacaktır. Şimdi Programımıza geçelim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘****************************************************************
‘*&lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Name    :&lt;/span&gt; TUSBAS.BAS                                              *
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Author  :&lt;/span&gt; [Erol Tahir Erdal]                                            *
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notice  : &lt;/span&gt;Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE]                               *
‘*          : All Rights Reserved                                            *
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Date    :&lt;/span&gt; 07.04.2005                                                      *
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version :&lt;/span&gt; 1.0                                                                 *
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notes   :&lt;/span&gt; *
‘*          :                                                                            *
‘****************************************************************
TrisA=255&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Trisb=0
‘—————————————————————–
@ DEVICE pic16F628 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘işlemci  16F628&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_ON &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Watch Dog timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON              &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Power on timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Kod Protek kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_ON &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘MCLR pini kullanılıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628,  INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Dahili osilatör kullanılacak&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————-
DEFINE LCD_DREG	PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  data bacakları hangi porta bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_DBIT		4&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD data  bacakları hangi bitten başlıyor?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSREG	PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  RS Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSBIT	1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS  bacağı Hangi Bite bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RWREG    	PORTB
DEFINE LCD_RWBIT     	2
DEFINE LCD_EREG	PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD  Enable Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EBIT		3 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  Enable Bacağı Hangi bite bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_BITS		4 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD 4  bit mi yoksa 8 bit olarak bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_LINES	2&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD Kaç  sıra yazabiliyor&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————-
CMCON=7 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘16F628 de  komparatör pinleri iptal hepsi giriş çıkış&lt;/span&gt;
OPTION_REG.7=1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘portB deki  dahili PULL-UP lar iptal edildi.&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————-
SYMBOL YUKARI=PORTA.0
SYMBOL ASAGI=PORTA.1
SAYI   VAR   BYTE
‘——————————————————————-
LOW PORTB.2
SAYI=0
PORTB=0
LCDOUT $FE,1
PAUSE 200
‘——————————————————————-
&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;/span&gt;
IF YUKARI=0 then SAYI=SAYI+1
IF ASAGI=0 THEN SAYI=SAYI-1
‘      LCDOUT $FE,1,”    SAYI = “,#SAYI
LCDOUT $FE,2,”    SAYI = “,DEC3 SAYI
LCDOUT $FE,$C0, ” LCD ORNEK PROG.”
PAUSE 100
GOTO &lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;END &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Yukarıdaki örnekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,2,” SAYI = “,DEC3 SAYI&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;şeklinde bir komut satırı görüyoruz. Ekranda sayı gösterimine örnek olması açısından bu satır bir önceki ile alternatifli olarak koyulmuştur. Burada&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;DEC3&lt;/strong&gt;komutu sayı değerinin 3 hane olarak ekrana geleceğini göstermektedir. 3 hane olmayan sayılarda hane sayısını doldurmak için 0 kullanıldığını daha önce söylemiş idik. Bir satırın başına koyulan tek tırnak satırın komut olarak icrasını önler. Genellikle açıklama satırları bu şekilde verilir ve derleyici tarafından değerlendirilmezler.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Programda önce Yukarı tuşuna basılarak sayı artırılmalı sonra Aşağı tuşuna basılarak sayı azaltılmalıdır. Sayı 0’a ulaştığında azaltmaya devam edilir ise geriye doğru 255’e dönüldüğü ekrandan izlenmelidir. Aynı şekilde 250 den yukarı doğru sayıyı artırırsanız 255’e kadar gelinip 255 den sonra 0 a geçildiği yine ekrandan izlenmelidir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bundan sonraki örneğimiz&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2X16 LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;kullanarak Ekran Mönüsü oluşturma ile ilgili olacaktır. Genellikle Mönü ler bir den fazla seçenekli işlerde kullanılmaktadır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şimdi kendimize bir örnek belirleyelim ve bunu program şekline getirelim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Diyelim ki Yine bir ısı kontrol programı yapıyoruz. Program bir evin ortam ısısını kontrol edecek. Kendimiz bir set değeri tayin ediyoruz ve bu işi hem gündüz hem de gece için ayrı yapıyoruz. Gerekçemizde gece oda sıcaklıklarının gündüze göre birkaç derece daha düşük olması.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şimdi yazacağımız program Ekrana önce bir seçenek getirecek Gündüz veya Gece. Bunlardan birini seçtikten sonra seçtiğimiz şayet Gündüz ise Gündüz Sıcaklığı Set etme bölümüne , seçimimiz şayet Gece ise Gece Sıcaklığı Set etme bölümüne geçecek ve sıcaklık değerini ayarlayıp programdan çıkacağız. Tabii ki normal çalışma modunda ekranda yalnızca ortam sıcaklığını göreceğiz. Şayet seçim tuşuna basarsam mönü ye gireceğim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Proje 4c :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj97pQDpcZaQai8dQcouugNVFn334ZXQEF9tVDumS72u3a7FhMw0F10hCTfU0QQnflwOeHb-JWFD3qziVz8KPsdnbdWAH36pA5TY8a1HplchyvnAW3irR1nd-Z0dqxk5mudJxg_mRko798/s1600/picbasic_proje4c_lcd.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;198&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj97pQDpcZaQai8dQcouugNVFn334ZXQEF9tVDumS72u3a7FhMw0F10hCTfU0QQnflwOeHb-JWFD3qziVz8KPsdnbdWAH36pA5TY8a1HplchyvnAW3irR1nd-Z0dqxk5mudJxg_mRko798/s400/picbasic_proje4c_lcd.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;A portuna 3 adet tuş bağlı olacak.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Pull-Up&lt;/strong&gt;’lı olarak&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.0&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;da Seçim tuşu,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PortA.1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de Yukarı tuşu (+) ve PortA.2 de ise Aşağı tuşu (-) yer alacak. Yine PortB de&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2×16 LCD&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bağlı olacak ve işlemcimiz&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;16F628&lt;/strong&gt;olacaktır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;İşte Programımız ve açıklamaları;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-image: url(http://320volt.com/wp-content/themes/320v5/i/cd.gif); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; height: 24em; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘****************************************************************
‘* &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; Name    :&lt;/span&gt; MENU.BAS                                      	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Author  :&lt;/span&gt; [Erol Tahir Erdal]                                	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notice  :&lt;/span&gt; Copyright (c) 2005 [ETE]                          	*
‘*          : All Rights Reserved                               	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Date    :&lt;/span&gt; 07.04.2005                                        	*
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Version : &lt;/span&gt;1.0                                              	 *
‘*  &lt;span style=&quot;color: teal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Notes   : &lt;/span&gt;*
‘*          :                                                   	*
‘****************************************************************
TrisA=255
Trisb=0 &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘—————————————————————–
@ DEVICE pic16F628 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘işlemci  16F628&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, WDT_ON &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Watch Dog timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PWRT_ON&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Power on timer açık&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, PROTECT_OFF            &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Kod Protek kapalı&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628, MCLR_ON             	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘MCLR pini kullanılıyor.&lt;/span&gt;
@ DEVICE pic16F628,  INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Dahili osilatör kullanılacak&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————-
DEFINE LCD_DREG	PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD  data bacakları hangi porta bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_DBIT		4 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD data  bacakları hangi bitten başlıyor?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSREG	PORTB &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  RS Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_RSBIT	1  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD RS  bacağı Hangi Bite bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
define LCD_RWREG    	PORTB
define LCD_RWBIT     	2
DEFINE LCD_EREG	PORTB&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD Enable Bacağı Hangi Porta bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_EBIT		3  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD  Enable Bacağı Hangi bite bağlı ?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_BITS		4&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘LCD 4  bit mi yoksa 8 bit olarak bağlı?&lt;/span&gt;
DEFINE LCD_LINES	2 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘LCD Kaç  sıra yazabiliyor&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————-
CMCON=7&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘16F628 de  komparatör pinleri iptal hepsi giriş çıkış&lt;/span&gt;
OPTION_REG.7=1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘portB deki  dahili PULL-UP lar iptal edildi.&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————-
SYMBOL SEC=PORTA.0
SYMBOL YUKARI=PORTA.1
SYMBOL ASAGI= PORTA.2
ISIGUN   VAR   BYTE&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘gündüz ısı değeri&lt;/span&gt;
ISIGECE  VAR   BYTE&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ gece  ısı değeri&lt;/span&gt;
ISIODA   VAR   BYTE&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘oda  sıcaklığı&lt;/span&gt;
‘——————————————————————-
LOW PORTB.2
ISIGUN=22
ISIGECE=18 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Bunlar default değerler olacak&lt;/span&gt;
ISIODA= 21
PORTB=0
LCDOUT $FE,1
PAUSE 200
‘——————————————————————-&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA:&lt;/span&gt;
LCDOUT $FE,1,”  SEC  =&amp;gt; MENU  “&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Menu ye nasıl girileceği açıklanıyor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BIR:
LCDOUT $FE,$C0,”ODA SICAKLIGI=”,#ISIODA&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘ODA sıcaklığını ekrana  getiriyoruz.&lt;/span&gt;
PAUSE 150
IF SEC=0  THEN MENU&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Şayet SEC tuşuna basılırsa Menu ye git&lt;/span&gt;
GOTO BIR&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Tekrar başa git.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MENU:
LCDOUT $FE,1,  “GUNDUZ =&amp;gt; YUKARI”
IKI:  LCDOUT $FE,$C0,”GECE =&amp;gt;ASAGI BAS”
PAUSE 200
IF YUKARI=0 THEN GUNDUZ&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Yukarı tuşuna basılırsa GUNDUZ ’e git.&lt;/span&gt;
IF ASAGI=0 THEN GECE&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Aşağı  basılırsa GECE’ ye git.&lt;/span&gt;
IF SEC=0 THEN BASLA&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Tekrar  SEC tuşuna basılırsa Başla’ ya git&lt;/span&gt;
GOTO IKI &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GUNDUZ:
LCDOUT $FE,1, “GUNDUZ SET DEGER”
UC:   LCDOUT $FE,$C0,”ISIGUN =  “,#ISIGUN&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Gündüz Set sıcaklığı ekranda&lt;/span&gt;
PAUSE 200
IF YUKARI=0 THEN &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Yukarı tuşuna basılınca&lt;/span&gt;
ISIGUN=ISIGUN+1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Gündüz Set  bir artırılıyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF ISIGUN&amp;gt;50 THEN ISIGUN=50&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘50 ye ulaşınca 50 de kalıyor&lt;/span&gt;
ENDIF
IF ASAGI =0 THEN&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘Aşağı tuşuna basılınca&lt;/span&gt;
ISIGUN=ISIGUN-1 &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Sıcaklık  bir eksiltiliyor&lt;/span&gt;
IF ISIGUN=255 THEN ISIGUN=0&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; ‘255 e ulaşınca sıfıra eşitleniyor&lt;/span&gt;
ENDIF
IF SEC=0 THEN BASLA  &lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;‘Sec tuşuna basılınca başa gidiliyor.&lt;/span&gt;
GOTO UC&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GECE:
LCDOUT $FE,1, ” GECE SET DEGER ”
DORT: LCDOUT $FE,$C0,”ISIGECE =  “,#ISIGECE
PAUSE 200
IF YUKARI=0 THEN
ISIGECE=ISIGECE+1
IF ISIGECE&amp;gt;50 THEN ISIGECE=50
ENDIF
IF ASAGI =0 THEN
ISIGECE=ISIGECE-1
IF ISIGECE=255 THEN ISIGECE=0
ENDIF
IF SEC=0 THEN &lt;span style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BASLA&lt;/span&gt;
GOTO DORT
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;END &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu programla ilgili ilave bazı açıklamalar yapmak mantığını anlamak açısından yararlı olacaktır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Görüldüğü üzere 2 satır 16 karakter bir ekran sınırları içinde birkaç kademeli bir menü düzenlenmiştir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Programın baş tarafında yer alan ifadelerin açıklaması daha önce yapılmış idi. Bu nedenle açıklamamıza&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BAŞLA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;etiketinden itibaren yapacağız.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Başla etiketinden sonra hemen ekrana&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,1, ” SEC =&amp;gt; MENU “&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu ile Mönü ye geçmek için SEC tuşuna basılacağı açıklanıyor. Dikkat edilir ise&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu kullanılarak önce ekran tamamen siliniyor arkasından Menu açıklaması veriliyor. Bu satır yalnızca bir defa icra edileceğinden ekranın tamamen silinmesi doğru olmaktadır. Aksi taktirde bir önceki ekrandan bazı karakterler ekranda kalabilir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Altında&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BIR:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;etiketi ile birlikte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$C0, “ODA SICAKLIGI=”,#ISIODA&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;komutu ile Oda sıcaklığını veriyoruz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Mönü’nün ilk kısmını oluşturan bu bölümde oda sıcaklığı ölçülerek ekrana getiriliyor ve kullanıcı isterse set sıcaklıklarını ayarlamak üzere bir alt mönüye geçebiliyor. Bunun için&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SEC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;tuşuna basması yeterli oluyor.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Bu konumda&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SEC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;tuşuna basıldığı zaman programda yer alan;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF SEC=0 THEN MENU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Satırı sayesinde program MENU isimli etikete atlıyor. Burada&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,1, “GUNDUZ =&amp;gt; YUKARI”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Komutu ile önce ekran siliniyor ve daha sonra Yukarı tuşuna basılırsa Gündüz mönüsüne gidileceği açıklanıyor. Bu satırın altında;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;LCDOUT $FE,$C0,”GECE =&amp;gt;ASAGI BAS”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Komutu ile Aşağı tuşuna basılırsa da Gece mönüsüne gidileceği açıklanıyor. Doğal olarak bu satırların altında da hangi tuşa basıldığını kontrol eden bir bölüm yer alıyor. İşlem gayet&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/basit-devreler/&quot; style=&quot;color: #0066cc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;basit&quot;&gt;basit&lt;/a&gt;. Yukarı tuşuna basılırsa&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GUNDUZ&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;isimli etikete git;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF YUKARI=0 THEN GUNDUZ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Aşağı tuşuna basılırsa&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;GECE&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;isimli etikete git;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IF ASAGI=0 THEN GECE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Şeklinde komutlar veriliyor. Tabii ki tüm bu işlemler bittikten sonra programın asıl çalışan bölümüne gitmek içinde SEC tuşunu devreye sokuyoruz.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SEC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;tuşuna basılması halinde ise program tekrar en başa atlıyor.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;BU aşamada yalnızca Gündüz etiketi altında ne yapılıyor açıklamak istiyorum. Zira Gece etiketinde yapılanlar gündüzden çok farklı değil. Birisini anlarsanız diğerini anlamanız zor değil.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Gündüz etiketi altında önce Gündüz set değeri ekrana verilip aşağı veya yukarı tuşlarından birisine basmanız bekleniyor. Ya da&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;SEC&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;tuşuna basıp tekrar program başına geçmeniz bekleniyor. Yukarı tuşuna basmanız halinde Set sıcaklığı bir artırılıyor. Ancak Artırılan sıcaklığın 50 dereceyi geçmesi istenmediğinden şayet geçerseniz sıcaklık yine 50 ye eşitleniyor. Bu bir kısıtlama veya sınırlandırma halidir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Aynı şekilde Aşağı tuşuna basılması halinde sıcaklığın değer bir eskitiliyor ve sıfır değeri geçilip&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;255&lt;/strong&gt;’e ulaşıldığında sıcaklık tekrar sıfıra eşitleniyor. Daha önce görmüş idik. Sayıları birer eskiterek gidersek. Sıfırdan sonra tekrar&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;255&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;geliyor idi.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bu kadar örnek verdikten sonra&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Micro Code Studio&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(MCS) ile nasıl program derlenip&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Hex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;dosyası elde ediliyor birazda ona değinelim.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Bildiğiniz gibi Pic gibi mikro işlemciler yazılan programları icra ederler. Bunun için yazılan programların Pic’ kayıt edilmesi (yazılması) gerekir. Basic de yazılan programlar direkt olarak Pic’e yazılamaz. Bas uzantılı olan bu dosyaların önce makine diline çevrilerek Pic ’in anlayacağı biçime dönüştürülmesi gerekmektedir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Derleme denilen bu işlem&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MCS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;tarafından&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;PBP&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;derleyicisi kullanılarak yapılmaktadır. Derlendikten sonra&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Hex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;formatına dönüştürülen programın daha sonra yine başka bir program ve bir programlayıcı devre yardımı ile Pic’e aktarılması yani yazılması sağlanır. Hem program yazma ve hem de derleme işlemi için&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Micro Code Studio&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(MCS) programı kullanılmaktadır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MCS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ilk defa kurulurken bazı parametrelerin ayarlanması gerekiyor. Bunların başında PBPro klasörünün MCS ye gösterilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu iş için MCS de View mönüsünden&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://320volt.com/pic-basic-dersleri/&quot; style=&quot;color: #0066cc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pic Basic&quot;&gt;Pic Basic&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Options alt mönüsü seçilir. Bu mönüde PBP nun yeri programa gösterilir. Aynı şekilde Programlayıcı nın yeri ve parametreleri de bu seçenekte&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MCS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ye gösterilir. Bu işlemlerin yapıldığını kabul ederek derlemenin nasıl yapıldığına bakalım.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Programı yazmayı tamamladıktan sonra ekranın üst tarafında bulunan derle tuşuna (bir sayfa ve üzerinde sağa doğru ok olan tuş) tıklanır ise yazmış olduğunuz derlenir ve BAS uzantılı dosyanızın yer aldığı klasör içine aynı isimle ancak Hex uzantılı olarak kayıt edilir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Dosyanın derlendikten sonra Pic’e yazılması için programlayıcıyı çalıştırmak gerekir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MCS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;bunu da otomatik yapabilir. Yine ekran üstünde üzerinde aşağı doğru ok bulunan bir entegre resmi göreceksiniz buda derlemeden sonra programlayıcıyı çalıştıran tuş dur. Bu tuşa basılınca önce program derlenir ve ardından program otomatik olarak programlayıcıya (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IC-Prog&lt;/strong&gt;) yüklenerek programlayıcı çalıştırılır. Size yalnızca programla tuşuna basarak&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Hex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;dosyasının Pic’e yazdırılması kalır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;MCS&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;içinden&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IC-Prog&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;gibi programlayıcıların otomatik çalıştırılması için bazı parametrelerinde ayarlanması gerekir. Bunların nasıl yapıldığı Hem MCS help mönüsünde hem de programlayıcıların açıklamalarında yer almaktadır. Bu bilgiler kullanılan programa göre değiştiğinden ve hepsini burada açıklamamız mümkün olmadığından yalnızca ön bilgi vermekle yetineceğiz.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Pic’e yazma ve Pic den okuma işlemlerinde en çok kullanılan program olan&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IC-Prog&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;hakkında da biraz bilgi vermek isterim.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;IC-Prog&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;hem seri porttan hem de paralel porttan çalışan programlayıcılarla uyumlu bir programlayıcıdır. Kullanımı son derece basittir. Gerekli parametreler ayarlanıp donanım seçimi de doğru yapılırsa sorunsuz olarak çalışacaktır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Programı kullanırken dikkat edilmesi gereken en önemli nokta programlama yaparken veya programlama yaptıktan sonra doğrulama işleminin yaptırılmasıdır. Genelde hata veriyor diye bu işlem iptal edilmektedir. Hatalı yapılan bir işlemi kontrol etmez iseniz hatalı olduğunu nasıl anlayacaksınız. Hata var ise gösterilmesinde fayda vardır. Bu nedenle Seçenekler mönüsünden Programlanıyor alt mönüsünde bulunan kutucukların ikisini de veya en az birini işaretlemekte fayda vardır.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4.ders &amp;nbsp;Proteus ve hex dosyaları &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qfx.googlecode.com/files/pic-basic-pic-programlama-4.zip&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/03/pic-basic-ogreniyorum-2.html&quot;&gt;Sayfa 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/feeds/5804872835742391924/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/5659439136601095489/5804872835742391924?isPopup=true' title='1 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/5804872835742391924'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5659439136601095489/posts/default/5804872835742391924'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://elektronikhazirdevreler.blogspot.com/2013/03/pic-basic-ogreniyorum.html' title='Pic Basic Öğreniyorum'/><author><name>Eyyup KÜÇÜKASLAN</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15878333414774154324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGFI6j7kwpQWLhlDzmWunT6P01x388EFav791UXozYIav7ijOfxtnyUWPG356htxEnfUk0jgDDJxYTxsZuWpp1yoGsmdiyfWVbJTY7v8ZdWdVn539SCfgbETTSyN02WsGGl2HL-A3efsk/s72-c/pic16f84-pdip-soic-pic-bacak.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry></feed>