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    <description>Medical and health research currently catching my eye.</description>
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  </channel><item rdf:about="https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&amp;rls=en&amp;q=LAR+medical+emergency+research&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8">
    <title>LAR medical emergency research - Google Search</title>
    <dc:date>2019-01-01T03:14:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&amp;rls=en&amp;q=LAR+medical+emergency+research&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>LAR medical emergency research clinical exceptions for informed consent legally authorized representative community consultation</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120110093559.htm">
    <title>Treatment for diabetes and depression improves both, researchers say -- ScienceDaily</title>
    <dc:date>2016-03-27T18:57:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120110093559.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Of patients receiving integrated care combined with a brief period of intervention to assist with adherence to prescribed medication regimens, more than 60 percent had improved blood sugar test results and 58 percent had reduced depression symptoms, compared to only 36 percent and 31 percent, respectively, of patients receiving usual care.

The full results of the study are published in the January/February issue of The Annals of Family Medicine.

There is a link between depression and diabetes - as depression is a risk factor for diabetes, diabetes also increases the risk for the onset of depression....

After 12 weeks of monitoring for medication adherence, 60.9 percent of patients who received the integrated approach were found to achieve improved blood sugar test results, compared to only 35.7 percent patients who received only the usual primary care. Additionally, patients in the integrated care group were also more likely to show signs of remission of depression in comparison with patients in the usual care group (58.7 percent vs. 30.7 percent, respectively)....

H. R. Bogner, K. H. Morales, H. F. de Vries, A. R. Cappola. Integrated Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Depression Treatment to Improve Medication Adherence: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Annals of Family Medicine, 2012; 10 (1): 15 DOI: 10.1370/afm.1344
]]></description>
<dc:subject>diabetes depression comorbidities treatment self care adherence integrated etiology demographics epidemiology risk glucose efficacy youth peer-reviewed research T2D medical correlation support factor stress distress drug public health cause</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/07/17/why-the-diseases-that-cause-the-most-harm-dont-always-get-the-most-research-money/">
    <title>Why the diseases that cause the most harm don’t always get the most research money - The Washington Post</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-03T01:40:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/07/17/why-the-diseases-that-cause-the-most-harm-dont-always-get-the-most-research-money/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Take chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also known as emphysema. It received $118 million in funding, but is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. The people who get that disease are overwhelmingly smokers. Perhaps since the solution seems clear and traditional -- stop smoking -- there isn't research done on new interventions, despite the toll the disease takes. Likewise afflictions like depression and liver disease from drinking, are part of a “societal cluster" that have been underfunded compared to the threat they represent, Johnston said.]]></description>
<dc:subject>health research policy funding medical PM101 hcsm</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.livescience.com/32950-how-accurate-is-wikipedia.html">
    <title>How Accurate Is Wikipedia?</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-27T02:42:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.livescience.com/32950-how-accurate-is-wikipedia.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>medical information health reference peer-reviewed research earnest hatmandu cancer Wikipedia</dc:subject>
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    <title>Quality of information sources about mental disorders: a comparison of Wikipedia with centrally controlled web and printed sources. - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-27T02:40:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22166182</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The quality of information on depression and schizophrenia on Wikipedia is generally as good as, or better than, that provided by centrally controlled websites, Encyclopaedia Britannica and a psychiatry textbook.
]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.ted.com/talks/peter_attia_what_if_we_re_wrong_about_diabetes">
    <title>Peter Attia: Is the obesity crisis hiding a bigger problem? | Talk Video | TED</title>
    <dc:date>2014-03-31T13:20:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ted.com/talks/peter_attia_what_if_we_re_wrong_about_diabetes</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[As a young surgeon, Peter Attia felt contempt for a patient with diabetes. She was overweight, he thought, and thus responsible for the fact that she needed a foot amputation. But years later, Attia received an unpleasant medical surprise that led him to wonder: is our understanding of diabetes right? Could the precursors to diabetes cause obesity, and not the other way around? A look at how assumptions may be leading us to wage the wrong medical war.]]></description>
<dc:subject>obesity morbidity risk diabetes T2D type 2 etiology insulin resistance PLAY video TED Peter Attia research medical clinical criticism factor public health cause chicken-and-egg</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:e460a193ff8a/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/potassium_levels_possible_key_to_racial_disparity_in_type_2_diabetes">
    <title>Potassium Levels Possible Key To Racial Disparity In Type 2 Diabetes - 03/02/2011 | Yeh HC. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2011/03</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-22T02:35:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/potassium_levels_possible_key_to_racial_disparity_in_type_2_diabetes</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Yeh and her colleagues analyzed data from more than 12,000 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC), information collected from 1987 and 1996. The more than 2,000 African-Americans in the study had lower average serum potassium levels than the more than 9,000 whites in the study, and they were twice as likely to develop type 2 diabetes. The incidence of diabetes among study participants went up as potassium levels went down.

Type 2 diabetes affects more than 8 percent of Americans, or 23.6 million people, and the burden of the disease falls disproportionately on African-Americans. Many factors are thought to contribute to the greater prevalence of diabetes in African-Americans, including differences in socioeconomic status, diet, obesity and genetics. But researchers say these do not account for the entire disparity.

Serum potassium, Yeh and her colleagues found, appears to be a novel risk factor for the disorder that may explain some of the racial disparity in diabetes risk, and one that may be as important as obesity. A recent study found that the racial disparity in diabetes prevalence has widened the most in normal-weight and overweight people rather than the obese, suggesting that additional factors other than weight contribute to the risk.

Yeh notes that low potassium levels have been linked in healthy people to higher insulin and higher glucose levels  — two hallmarks of diabetes.

Previous studies have shown that African-Americans get less potassium in their diets than whites in the United States, on average just half of the government recommended 4,700 milligrams per day. Potassium comes from many sources such as bananas, melons, lentils and yogurt.]]></description>
<dc:subject>African-American diabetes research peer-reviewed JAMA risk genetics medical factor type 2 T2D correlation insulin resistance in vivo diet yogurt potassium human etiology clinical trial health disparity race ethnicity public genetic cause factors chicken-and-egg</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://esciencenews.com/articles/2011/03/02/type.2.diabetes.linked.single.gene.mutation.1.10.patients">
    <title>Type 2 diabetes linked to single gene mutation in 1 in 10 patients | e! Science News</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-22T00:06:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://esciencenews.com/articles/2011/03/02/type.2.diabetes.linked.single.gene.mutation.1.10.patients</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Research] has identified a key gene mutation responsible for type 2 diabetes in nearly 10% of patients of white European ancestry. [Defects in the HMGA1 gene cripple the body’s ability to make cellular insulin receptors, which ]leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.... 
The results [may lead to improved risk screening, identifying which medications work best for people with the mutation, and developing new treatments. The study also lays groundwork for like] analyses in patients of Asian, African and Native American descent, who suffer from higher rates of the disease.... 
“[Many current diabetes drugs are very effective in some patients and not in others. This finding could help us target drugs for individuals], so diabetics can manage their disease better and lead healthier lives.” 
Type 2 diabetes...has long been known to have both hereditary and lifestyle components, but until now, no single gene mutation has been pinpointed as playing a significant role in causing it.
[text from deleted article via dLife.com]]]></description>
<dc:subject>diabetes research peer-reviewed JAMA risk genetics medical factor type 2 T2D correlation insulin resistance in vivo mutation human etiology clinical trial genetic cause factors</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.janekdickinson.com/vitamin-b12-and-neuropathy-a-vicious-cycle/">
    <title>Vitamin B12 and Neuropathy: a vicious cycle | Jane K. Dickinson, RN, PhD, CDE</title>
    <dc:date>2013-07-02T03:16:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.janekdickinson.com/vitamin-b12-and-neuropathy-a-vicious-cycle/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RT @JaneKDickinson: Vitamin B12, metformin and neuropathy - keeping it all straight! #dblog... ]]></description>
<dc:subject>dblog metformin peer-reviewed research T2D vitamin B12 supplements drug interaction adverse effects deficiency diabetes medical correlation type 2 treatment</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:973cdcd79d43/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.medpagetoday.com/Endocrinology/Diabetes/39670">
    <title>Close Eye on Blood Sugar Aids Glycemic Control</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-23T18:22:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.medpagetoday.com/Endocrinology/Diabetes/39670</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Some studies have shown that clinicians and patients make little use of self-monitored blood glucose] data in order to improve outcomes. But [this study and other recent work have] shown that monitoring that is highly structured, in terms of both timing and frequency, may help improve outcomes -- even in patients who have a lower HbA1c but aren't quite at glycemic targets....
The researchers also found in the ITT analysis that prescriptions for diabetes medications were changed more often at visits two, three, and four for the intense-monitoring group than for controls...."structured SMBG data prompted clinicians to adjust therapy earlier and more intensively in contrast to the clinical inertia often seen in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes"]]></description>
<dc:subject>T2D research babies type to management control blood glucose sugar intervention treatment self care A1c human in vivo medical clinical diabetes 2 peer-reviewed goals improvement benefit intensive tight behavior behavioral trial target range normal</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUKBRE95B03320130612?irpc=932">
    <title>Restrictive drug laws censor science, researchers say</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-23T06:30:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUKBRE95B03320130612?irpc=932</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>clinical medical cognitive behavioral research censorship law hallucinogen psychoactive psychotropic consciousness</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:3138df955bc1/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=14694&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Ginseng Reduces Insulin Resistance</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-15T07:02:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=14694&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>insulin resistance treatment traditional herbal supplements ginseng research clinical medical type 2 diabetes T2D peer-reviewed Chinese Panax</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:ee0fe09b397e/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=14722&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Major Depression Associated with Increased Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-10T17:30:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=14722&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>risk population major diabetes hypoglycemia peer-reviewed research clinical medical cardiovascular vascular</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:d63d5ef94435/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/articles/53-diabetes-news/11545-salsalate-improves-glycemic-control-in-newly-diagnosed-type-2s">
    <title>Salsalate Improves Glycemic Control in Newly Diagnosed Type 2's</title>
    <dc:date>2013-05-04T01:26:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/articles/53-diabetes-news/11545-salsalate-improves-glycemic-control-in-newly-diagnosed-type-2s</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Salsalate reduced fasting glucose from 6.3 ± 0.2 mmol/l to 5.4 ± 0.2 mmol/l (P < 0.01) and TG from 1.9 ± 0.2 mmol/l to 1.5 ± 0.2 mmol/l (P < 0.03). Fasting insulin levels were increased in the salsalate group from 18.8 ± 1.6 to 21.6 ± 3.9, while they decreased in the placebo group.  

In addition, HbA1c rose in the placebo group from 6.2% ± 0.2 to 7.9% ± 1.1 mmol/mol, but decreased in the intervention group from 6.1% ± 0.5 to 5.6% ± 0.2 mmol/mol (P < 0.04 for between-group comparison). HOMA-IR did not change but HOMA-B increased ~1.7-fold (P = 0.06) in the salsalate group.]]></description>
<dc:subject>salsalate blood sugar glucose glycemic control medical research peer-reviewed diabetes T2D treatment intervention correlation A1c type 2</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.google.com/search?q=vitamin%20D%20deficiency%20higher%20mortality%20correlation%20nursing%20home">
    <title>vitamin D deficiency higher mortality correlation nursing home - Google Search</title>
    <dc:date>2013-04-30T04:19:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.google.com/search?q=vitamin%20D%20deficiency%20higher%20mortality%20correlation%20nursing%20home</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>vitamin D deficiency higher mortality correlation medical research peer-reviewed</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12008&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Daily Aspirin Tied to Macular Degeneration</title>
    <dc:date>2013-03-05T02:32:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12008&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[In a population-based study led by Paulus T.V.M. de Jong, MD, PhD, of the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience and the Academic Medical Center, both in Amsterdam, researchers reported that, late-stage "wet" AMD was 2.22 times more likely among daily aspirin users (95% CI 1.61 to 3.05).
Daily aspirin use was also significantly elevated at earlier stages of the disease, although the association rose with AMD severity (P<0.001 for trend), de Jong and colleagues reported. But prior studies have yielded conflicting results on the connection between aspirin use and AMD, so further evaluation is needed, they noted.
De Jong said in a press release that, "If future studies support our results, then recommendations on aspirin may need to be modified for patients with age-related macular degeneration." "It's possible that increased AMD risk may outweigh aspirin's potential protective benefits for some patients, but we need to know more about the impacts of dose, length of use, and other factors before we can say for certain, or make specific recommendations"...

The researchers acknowledged the possibility of confounding by indication given that those with a history of cardiovascular disease are more likely to take daily aspirin and are also more likely to develop wet AMD.
"However, the odds ratios for aspirin use and wet AMD were virtually unchanged when cardiovascular disease was included in the analysis, indicating that the association of aspirin with AMD was independent of any association with cardiovascular disease and was not confounded by cardiovascular disease," they wrote.
Furthermore, the impact of daily aspirin use on AMD didn't differ between individuals with cardiovascular disease and those without it (P=0.06 for interaction).

De Jong PTVM, et al "Associations between aspirin use and aging macula disorder: The European eye study" Ophthalmology 2012; DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.025.]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical research peer-reviewed human in vivo macular degeneration aspirin risk benefit drug intervention prevention cardiovascular correlation clinical trial</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.research.chop.edu/publications/press/?ID=667">
    <title>The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute: CHOP Research Publications: News — Press Releases</title>
    <dc:date>2013-03-05T02:14:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.research.chop.edu/publications/press/?ID=667</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Scientists have identified only about 10 percent of the genetic variants contributing to T2D, and most previous studies have been based on people of European ancestry,” said senior co-author Brendan J. Keating, Ph.D., of the Center for Applied Genomics at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. This international study found that many gene variants associated with T2D overlap across multiple ethnic groups.” The current study included subjects with African-American, Hispanic, Asian and European ancestry....
The research consortium performed a meta-analysis of 39 existing studies of multiethnic populations, comprising over 17,000 cases of individuals with T2D, compared to 70,000 control subjects. This large-scale genetic screening used a customized gene analysis tool to examine 50,000 genetic variants across 2,100 genes known to be associated with cardiovascular and metabolic functions.
The researchers identified variants in four previously unknown genes associated with T2D, discovered six new independent genetic signals in known T2D genes, and verified 16 previously reported T2D-linked variants. A total of nearly 40 gene variants have now been found to raise or lower the risk of T2D. Keating says the current study’s genome-wide screening approach in large multi-ethnic samples should be effective in discovering additional diabetes gene variants relevant to multiple ethnic populations.

Keating BJ, Saxena R. “Large-Scale Gene-Centric Meta-Analysis across 39 Studies Identifies Type 2 Diabetes Loci,” American Journal of Human Genetics, published online Feb. 9, 2012, to appear in print, March 9, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.022]]></description>
<dc:subject>type 2 diabetes T2D genetics etiology cause origin medical research meta-analysis peer-reviewed what.I'm.reading earnest CHOP Children's Hospital of Philadelphia factor risk genetic factors</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://feeds.arstechnica.com/~r/arstechnica/index/~3/At0W3EC_UEA/increasing-the-bodys-but-not-brains-cannabinoids-dulls-pain.ars">
    <title>Increasing the body's (but not brain's) cannabinoids dulls pain</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-25T09:03:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://feeds.arstechnica.com/~r/arstechnica/index/~3/At0W3EC_UEA/increasing-the-bodys-but-not-brains-cannabinoids-dulls-pain.ars</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Just as the discovery of the opiate receptors hijacked by drugs like morphine gave us insight into the presence and roles of endogenous opiates, the cannabinoid receptors acted upon by the THC in marijuana have helped identify endocannabinoids, the substances produced by our own body that normally trigger these receptors.  Outside of the brain, peripheral cannabinoid receptors strongly inhibit pain initiation, but the chemical that signals through them was unknown.  Finding it would help us understand pain initiation, and could thus help in the development of more effective and specific painkillers.

Anandamide, from the Sanskrit word ananda, meaning bliss or delight, is an endocannabinoid that works in both the central nervous system and the periphery.  It is degraded by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).  To home in on its effects in the periphery, a team of scientists in California and Italy made an inhibitor of FAAH that cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Thus, upon its administration, anandamide levels stay stable in the brain but are elevated in the periphery.

When standard FAAH inhibitors are given to mice, they “attenuate behavioral responses to noxious stimuli”—the mice writhe less after being injected with acetic acid.  The new FAAH inhibitor had the same effect.  This effect was blocked when inhibitors of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor were administered concurrently, indicating that anandamide achieves its pain modulation by acting through this receptor.  CB1 receptors are found in peripheral nerve endings, where they are responsible for maintaining normal pain thresholds.  

In addition to tempering this acute pain, the peripheral FAAH inhibitor was also able to attenuate responses to persistent pain caused by nerve damage and inflammation.  It is also able to modulate pain responses before they enter the spinal cord.  And, in contrast to other cannaboid receptor agonists—like cannabis, for example—this one “did not alter daily food intake, feeding pattern (latency to feed, meal frequency and satiety ratio) or spontaneous locomotor activity in mice.” In other words, the mice didn't get the munchies.

The authors note that analgesics that activate peripheral cannabinoid receptors often also have psychotropic effects.  They hope that by enhancing the anandamide-based signaling system that functions outside of the brain, they can achieve a high level of analgesia without these sorts of side effects—as pleasant or desirable as some of them may be.

Nature Neuroscience, 2010.  DOI: 10.1038/nn.2632  (About DOIs).]]></description>
<dc:subject>biochemistry biology cannabinoids cannabis pain neuropathy treatment brain peer-reviewed medical research strategies via:DerCed</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Jan-Chait/would-shaming-make-me-lose-weight-fat-chance/?ref=ls">
    <title>Would Shaming Make Me Lose Weight? Fat Chance! (Show All) :: Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-22T00:29:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Jan-Chait/would-shaming-make-me-lose-weight-fat-chance/?ref=ls</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>body fat ethics culture shame genetics image self care dieting exercise Jan Chait medical research peer-reviewed sugar dietary in vivo animal diabetes diet genetic risk</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.uccs.edu/rmelamed/cannabinoids-and-cancer.html">
    <title>UCCS | Bob Melamed, Ph.D. - Peer-reviewed Articles on Cannabinoids and Cancer</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-19T06:56:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.uccs.edu/rmelamed/cannabinoids-and-cancer.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>cannabis peer-reviewed research medical biological endocannabinoids risk benefit cannabinoids cancer</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.uccs.edu/rmelamed/endocannabinoids-and-medical-marijuana/medical-cannabis.html">
    <title>UCCS | Bob Melamed, Ph.D. - Medical Cannabis</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-19T06:55:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.uccs.edu/rmelamed/endocannabinoids-and-medical-marijuana/medical-cannabis.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>cannabis peer-reviewed research medical biological endocannabinoids risk benefit</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Melamede_R%20[Author]">
    <title>Melamede_R [Author] - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-19T06:53:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Melamede_R%20[Author]</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>cannabis peer-reviewed research medical biological endocannabinoids risk benefit</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=0&amp;q=author:%22R+Melamede%22&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0,5&amp;as_ylo=2003">
    <title>author:"R Melamede" - Google Scholar</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-19T06:51:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=0&amp;q=author:%22R+Melamede%22&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0,5&amp;as_ylo=2003</link>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Diane-Fennell/simple-steps-can-reduce-amputation-rate-by-half/?ref=ls">
    <title>Simple Steps Can Reduce Amputation Rate by Half (Show All) :: Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-17T21:50:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Diane-Fennell/simple-steps-can-reduce-amputation-rate-by-half/?ref=ls</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>foot feet amputation risk prevention medical clinical research peer-reviewed podiatry orthotic inserts insurance type 2 diabetes T2D intervention treatment cost benefit</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Amy-Campbell/more-weight-loss-news/">
    <title>More Weight-Loss News :: Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-10T19:11:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Amy-Campbell/more-weight-loss-news/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Researchers at...the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), reported that people who are “moderately” overweight (by up to about 30 pounds above normal) have roughly a 6% lower risk of dying early than folks at a normal weight. However, those who are very obese (60 or more pounds above normal) have a 29% higher chance of dying early than normal weight people....
Walter Willett from the Harvard School of Public Health, denounced the study, saying that the normal weight people in this study were a mix of people who were active, smokers, people with cancer, and frail elderly folks[:] two other studies that controlled for the effects of various health conditions on body weight clearly showed that being overweight or obese is linked with a higher risk of death.

Tiny bites lead to greater weight loss...
Researchers from the Netherlands gave 53 people some soup and noticed that those who took small sips of soup ate about 30% less than those who took bigger sips, and that people who were paying attention to what they were eating tended to eat less as well....

The early bird gets the worm...
In a study published in the British Journal of Nutrition, 12 men jumped on the treadmill at 10 AM either having eaten breakfast or not having eaten since the night before. After exercise, all of the men drank a chocolate milkshake and then later were given pasta for lunch.
The men who exercised in a fasting state burned 20% more fat than the men who had eaten breakfast before exercising. Also, neither group of men overate at lunch (dispelling the myth that exercise makes you hungry). The researchers concluded that you might benefit more if you can exercise first thing in the morning before eating....You’ll still get plenty of benefits exercising at whatever time is best for you.

Early lunchers lose more....
A study done in Spain, where the main meal is the mid-day meal, revealed that people who ate lunch before 3 PM (considered early in Spain) lost 22 pounds in 20 weeks compared to 17 pounds in people who ate a later lunch. Also, the late lunchers ate fewer calories at breakfast and were more likely to skip breakfast; they also had lower insulin sensitivity....The study authors believe that eating late could hinder weight loss, and getting more of your calories earlier in the day could do just the opposite.]]></description>
<dc:subject>weight fat loss body bulimia technology meal timing eating habits behavioral behavior medical research peer-reviewed exercise insulin sensitivity resistance benefit physical activity diet type 2 diabetes T2D rhythms control maintenance circadian self care management planning</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/David-Spero/is-there-a-cure/">
    <title>Is There a Cure? :: Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-09T07:03:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/David-Spero/is-there-a-cure/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Unfortunately, the research looking for cures or treatments is contaminated by the larger goal of making money. Surgeons profit from bariatric surgery, drug companies from drugs, equipment makers from needles and glucose strips, but nobody except people with diabetes profits from effective self-management. And we don’t have a lot of money to fund studies or research better methods. ]]></description>
<dc:subject>diabetes profit research medical pharma T type 1 T1D cost benefit social responsibility T2D 2 cure big pharmaceutical industry healthcare economics autoimmune ethics self care David Spero peer-reviewed evidence</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Flashpoints/breakthrough-or-tease/">
    <title>Breakthrough or Tease? :: Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-09T06:44:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Flashpoints/breakthrough-or-tease/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Does it seem too good to be true that a 90-year-old drug could restore insulin production in people with Type 1 diabetes? Should Faustman’s lab receive funding from JDRF or the National Institutes of Health rather than relying on private donations? Should pharmaceutical companies help fund studies like this one, even though the drug being tested is already on the market with no patent (and therefore couldn’t bring large profits to any company)?]]></description>
<dc:subject>diabetes profit research medical pharma beta cell regeneration pancreas T type 1 T1D cost benefit social responsibility subvention subsidy big pharmaceutical industry Denise Faustman insulin production peer-reviewed</dc:subject>
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    <title>Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain ... [Nat Med. 2007] - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2013-01-28T05:19:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17159985</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>medical research peer-reviewed probiotic bacteria benefit beneficial gut brain lactobacillus acidophilus opioid cannabinoid receptors neuroendocrine flora microbiota</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://registry.endalznow.org/index.php/en/mnu-education">
    <title>Alzheimer's Prevention 101</title>
    <dc:date>2012-11-21T05:39:22+00:00</dc:date>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-04-2010/health_discovery_the_anti_alzheimer_s_diet.html?CMP=KNC-360I-GOOGLE-HEA-CTR&amp;HBX_PK=alzheimers_research&amp;360cid=SI_148923240_10055968381_1">
    <title>The Anti-Alzheimer’s Diet - AARP Bulletin</title>
    <dc:date>2012-11-21T03:48:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-04-2010/health_discovery_the_anti_alzheimer_s_diet.html?CMP=KNC-360I-GOOGLE-HEA-CTR&amp;HBX_PK=alzheimers_research&amp;360cid=SI_148923240_10055968381_1</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[One eating pattern stood out as especially protective. Those least likely to be stricken with Alzheimer’s consumed a combination of foods rich in brain-healthy nutrients including olive oil and vinegar, nuts, fish, poultry, vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage, green leafy vegetables, and fruits, including tomatoes. They also ate less red meat, butter, and high-fat dairy products.

“The men and women who adhered most closely to this eating pattern had a 38 percent lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease,” says neurologist Nikolaos Scarmeas, M.D., one of the study’s authors. “The combination of foods was most important. That’s where you get the benefit.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical research Alzheimer's diet prevention self care human in vivo dairy milk fat correlation red meat morbidity dietary brain protection clinical trial peer-reviewed</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/12/the-science-of-chicken-soup/">
    <title>The Science of Chicken Soup - NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-11-18T18:02:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/12/the-science-of-chicken-soup/</link>
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<item rdf:about="http://app1.unmc.edu/publicaffairs/todaysite/sitefiles/today_full.cfm?match=5163">
    <title>UNMC | News</title>
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    <link>http://app1.unmc.edu/publicaffairs/todaysite/sitefiles/today_full.cfm?match=5163</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>chicken soup cold flu treatment folk remedies self care medical research peer-reviewed attribution</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.unmc.edu/publicrelations/chickensoup.htm">
    <title>UNMC | Chicken Soup</title>
    <dc:date>2012-11-18T17:43:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.unmc.edu/publicrelations/chickensoup.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>chicken soup cold flu treatment folk remedies self care medical research peer-reviewed attribution recipes</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&amp;rls=en&amp;q=chicken+soup+university+of+nebraska+medical+center&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8#hl=en&amp;sugexp=les%3Bepsugrer&amp;gs_nf=3&amp;qe=Y2hpY2tlbiBzb3VwIHJlc2VhcmNo&amp;qesig=CevOsSFLm6Ct7QlhVYG4jg&amp;pkc=AFgZ2tkDkOlPthsS7C2oi_IzFSGsxPwFuENvIL_KRK-ysgzerlT5ETAaMq_tnWEkSoUlzFLz-TK60dca6sjosq72CQbpQdkqmg&amp;pq=chicken%20soup%20university%20of%20nebraska%20medical%20center&amp;cp=21&amp;gs_id=o&amp;xhr=t&amp;q=chicken+soup+research&amp;pf=p&amp;safe=off&amp;client=safari&amp;tbo=d&amp;rls=en&amp;sclient=psy-ab&amp;oq=chicken+soup+research&amp;gs_l=&amp;pbx=1&amp;bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&amp;fp=cbd2fde36df65c4d&amp;bpcl=38625945&amp;biw=1903&amp;bih=1021">
    <title>chicken soup research - Google Search</title>
    <dc:date>2012-11-18T17:42:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&amp;rls=en&amp;q=chicken+soup+university+of+nebraska+medical+center&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8#hl=en&amp;sugexp=les%3Bepsugrer&amp;gs_nf=3&amp;qe=Y2hpY2tlbiBzb3VwIHJlc2VhcmNo&amp;qesig=CevOsSFLm6Ct7QlhVYG4jg&amp;pkc=AFgZ2tkDkOlPthsS7C2oi_IzFSGsxPwFuENvIL_KRK-ysgzerlT5ETAaMq_tnWEkSoUlzFLz-TK60dca6sjosq72CQbpQdkqmg&amp;pq=chicken%20soup%20university%20of%20nebraska%20medical%20center&amp;cp=21&amp;gs_id=o&amp;xhr=t&amp;q=chicken+soup+research&amp;pf=p&amp;safe=off&amp;client=safari&amp;tbo=d&amp;rls=en&amp;sclient=psy-ab&amp;oq=chicken+soup+research&amp;gs_l=&amp;pbx=1&amp;bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&amp;fp=cbd2fde36df65c4d&amp;bpcl=38625945&amp;biw=1903&amp;bih=1021</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>chicken soup cold flu treatment folk remedies self care medical research peer-reviewed</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/research-fraud-exploded-over-the-last-decade/">
    <title>Research fraud exploded over the last decade | Ars Technica</title>
    <dc:date>2012-10-09T21:13:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/research-fraud-exploded-over-the-last-decade/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Past studies suggest honest errors account for the majority of retractions. The new study belies this.] Many retractions (over 15 percent by one measure) claim to be because of errors, but ultimately turn out to be because of fraud. The authors discovered this by checking the author list against reports prepared by the Office of Research Integrity, which polices research fraud.

This may be because the retractions come before investigations are complete, or because researchers get to write their own retraction notices....One paper ostensibly retracted because of "flaws in methodological execution and data analysis" turned out to have "many instances of data fabrication and falsification." Another that was pulled because one image "was not correct" was found, after investigation, to be the result an author knowingly selecting an experiment that gave the answer he wanted.

With these retractions reevaluated, the authors find that cases of fraud account for over 43 percent of all retractions. Duplicate publications and plagiarism account for another 24...Those numbers drop honest errors down to the point where they only account for just over 20 percent of the total retractions. Fraud is a bigger problem than we'd thought.

And it's getting bigger. The authors find that, since 1975, the rate of retracted articles as a percent of total publications has increased nearly tenfold. Duplicate publications and plagiarism, which didn't use to be a significant problem, have boomed since 2005. And while retractions due to errors have increased, those due to fraud have increased much faster.]]></description>
<dc:subject>plagiarism scientific method fraud research medical ethics academic academia earnest</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/105/25/e197.full">
    <title>Plant Foods Have a Complete Amino Acid Composition</title>
    <dc:date>2012-10-06T02:40:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/105/25/e197.full</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[William Rose and his colleagues completed research by the spring of 1952 that determined the human requirements for the 8 essential amino acids. They set as the “minimum amino acid requirement” the largest amount required by any single subject and then they doubled these values to make the “recommended amino acid requirement,” which was also considered a “definitely safe intake.” By calculating the amount of each essential amino acid provided by unprocessed complex carbohydrates (starches and vegetables) and comparing these values with those determined by Rose, the results show that any single one or combination of these plant foods provides amino acid intakes in excess of the recommended requirements. Therefore, a careful look at the founding scientific research and some simple math prove it is impossible to design an amino acid–deficient diet based on the amounts of unprocessed starches and vegetables sufficient to meet the calorie needs of humans. Furthermore, mixing foods to make a complementary amino acid composition is unnecessary.

The reason it is important to correct this misinformation is that many people are afraid to follow healthful, pure vegetarian diets—they worry about “incomplete proteins” from plant sources. A vegetarian diet based on any single one or combination of these unprocessed starches (eg, rice, corn, potatoes, beans), with the addition of vegetables and fruits, supplies all the protein, amino acids, essential fats, minerals, and vitamins (with the exception of vitamin B12) necessary for excellent health. To wrongly suggest that people need to eat animal protein for nutrients will encourage them to add foods that are known to contribute to heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and many forms of cancer, to name just a few common problems.]]></description>
<dc:subject>plant protein diet complete incomplete amino acids nuts seeds grains vegetables whole foods comparison list reference vegetarian vegan legumes medical research diabetes cancer peer-reviewed correlation bad science criticism beans</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://thlibrary.wordpress.com/2012/08/10/hashtag-of-the-week-hotw-focus-on-peer-review-for-the-week-of-august-6-2012/">
    <title>Hashtag of the Week (HOTW): Focus on Peer Review for the Week of August 6, 2012 « THL News Blog</title>
    <dc:date>2012-08-15T07:05:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://thlibrary.wordpress.com/2012/08/10/hashtag-of-the-week-hotw-focus-on-peer-review-for-the-week-of-august-6-2012/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>peer review science medicine medical research criticism</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=new-pleasure-circuit-found-brain">
    <title>New Pleasure Circuit Found in the Brain: Scientific American</title>
    <dc:date>2012-08-12T00:36:24+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=new-pleasure-circuit-found-brain</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[# New research has uncovered hotspots in the brain that, when stimulated, enhance sensations of pleasure.
# These hedonic hotspots differ from the “reward circuit” previously thought to be the basis of good feelings—a pathway now believed to mediate desire more than enjoyment.
# Higher brain regions receive information from these pleasure and reward circuits to consciously represent the warm glow we associate with joy.
# A decoupling of the brain systems that generate “wanting” and “liking” may underlie addictive behavior—a clue that may lead to new treatments.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain pleasure reward mapping circuitry desire enjoyment emotion behavioral research medical anatomy earnest hatmandu</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medscape.com/index/list_4772_0">
    <title>Environmental Health Perspectives - Index</title>
    <dc:date>2012-07-05T06:05:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.medscape.com/index/list_4772_0</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>what.I'm.reading environmental health medical research peer-reviewed T2D diabetes</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:fb3ec873dc93/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201104/autism-inflammation-speculation-and-nutrition">
    <title>Autism, Inflammation, Speculation, and Nutrition | Psychology Today</title>
    <dc:date>2012-07-05T05:56:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201104/autism-inflammation-speculation-and-nutrition</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Autoimmune disorders are much more common than normal in families of kids with autism. In addition, mothers with asthma, psoriasis, and type I diabetes were more likely to have autistic kids.  Mothers diagnosed with asthma or allergies during the second trimester seem to have especially high risk, suggesting that a flare-up of autoimmune disease at a particular stage in fetal development might be causative. Epidemiologists at the Harvard School of Public Health did a meta-analysis of studies of prenatal risk factors and autism, and they found higher risk for mothers and fathers of "advanced" age, a two-fold increased risk among mothers with gestational diabetes, and also increased risk among mothers who had bleeding during pregnancy and psychiatric medication use (there are specific studies demonstrating an increased risk with depakote use during pregnancy and autism).
[Psoriasis] is associated with obesity (inflammation), gestational diabetes with insulin resistance and inflammation. All these diseases [floating around autism are] diseases of civilization with multifactorial causes, genetic susceptibilities, and chronic management in lieu of cure.  With associations, one never knows if one thing causes another or if a third issue is the cause for both, but associations should make one stand up and take notice, and look around for biologically plausible causations and ways to figure out, precisely, what is going on.
Is there other evidence that nutritional issues could possibly cause autism?  The modern diet with an excess of processed food is paradoxical - it leads to obesity with too many calories, yet is nutritionally poor with respect to minerals, certain vitamins, and possibly even some amino acids needed for optimal brain health.
Well, a paper did come out in early 2011 with an intriguing link between autism and nutrition: Closely Spaced Pregnancies are Associated with Increased Odds of Autism in California Sibling Births.  It is not direct evidence by any means, but it is striking....
It turns out that the odds of a second child born within about 18 months of a first child (that is, an 'interpregnancy interval" or the time between pregnancies of 12 months or less) have more than a 3 fold risk of having autism than a second child born more than 3 years after the first one. Risk for second children born at interpregnancy intervals of between 12 and 36 months were middling, but risk rose abruptly at 0-12 months....
Since, during pregnancy, the fetus will tend to suck whatever nutrients are needed straight from mama, whether she can spare them or not, it is sensible that a nutritional explanation could account for the increased risk of autism in second children when the pregnancies are closely spaced.  By nutrition, I mean anything from deficiencies in omega 3 fatty acids, to minerals such as zinc, magnesium or selenium, or depletion of the B vitamins, including folic acid.]]></description>
<dc:subject>autism ASD nutrition medical research inflammation autoimmune risk genetics diseases of civilization psychotropics pregnancy prenatal etiology earnest correlation insulin resistance diabetes peer-reviewed gestational induced environment factor diet type 2 T2D comorbidities foods food processed industrialization environmental genetic cause factors</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.kurzweilai.net/the-top-10-toxic-chemicals-suspected-to-cause-autism-and-learning-disabilities">
    <title>The top 10 toxic chemicals suspected to cause autism and learning disabilities | KurzweilAI</title>
    <dc:date>2012-07-05T05:12:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.kurzweilai.net/the-top-10-toxic-chemicals-suspected-to-cause-autism-and-learning-disabilities</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The current (April 2012) issue of Environmental Health Perspectives calls for increased research to identify possible environmental causes of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in America’s children and presents a list of the top ten target chemicals in consumer products likely to contribute to these conditions:

1. Lead
2. Methylmercury
3. PCBs
4. Organophosphate pesticides
5. Organochlorine pesticides
6. Endocrine disruptors
7. Automotive exhaust
8. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
9. Brominated flame retardants
10. Perfluorinated compounds

The National Academy of Sciences reports that 3 percent of all neurobehavioral disorders in children, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), are caused by toxic exposures in the environment and that another 25 percent are caused by interactions between environmental factors and genetics.]]></description>
<dc:subject>autism ASD medical research peer-reviewed etiology environmental toxins exposure chemical risk factor environment genetics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/07/03/government-sponsored-study-destroys-deas-classification-of-marijuana/">
    <title>Government-sponsored study destroys DEA’s classification of marijuana | The Raw Story</title>
    <dc:date>2012-07-03T17:37:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/07/03/government-sponsored-study-destroys-deas-classification-of-marijuana/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“The classification of marijuana as a Schedule I drug as well as the continuing controversy as to whether or not cannabis is of medical value are obstacles to medical progress in this area,” they wrote. “Based on evidence currently available the Schedule I classification is not tenable; it is not accurate that cannabis has no medical value, or that information on safety is lacking. It is true cannabis has some abuse potential, but its profile more closely resembles drugs in Schedule III (where codeine and dronabinol are listed). The continuing conflict between scientific evidence and political ideology will hopefully be reconciled in a judicious manner.”
They add that their evidence showed marijuana reliably reduced chronic neuropathic pain and muscle spasticity due to multiple sclerosis versus trials where a placebo was used. They also specifically tested marijuana’s effects when smoked, calling the delivery method “rapid and efficient” but noting that vaporization is a better choice because it produces less carbon monoxide.
The study adds that, like all medicines, there are negative side effects associated with marijuana, such as dizziness, fatigue, lightheadedness, muscle weakness and pain and heart palpitations — all of which can pose a risk in some chronic pain patients with co-occurring conditions like cardiovascular disease or substance abuse disorders. However, they call these side effects “dose-related” and “of mild to moderate severity,” adding that they “appear to decline over time, and are reported less frequently in experienced than in naïve users.” Researchers also noted that “fatal overdose with cannabis alone has not been reported.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical research pain neuropathy peer-reviewed law crime politics science cannabis earnest hatmandu</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-04/mu-est042412.php">
    <title>Evidence shows that anti-depressants likely do more harm than good, researchers find</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-28T05:18:34+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-04/mu-est042412.php</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Anti-depressants are designed to relieve the symptoms of depression by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, where it regulates mood. The vast majority of serotonin that the body produces, though, is used for other purposes, including digestion, forming blood clots at wound sites, reproduction and development.
What the researchers found is that anti-depressants have negative health effects on all processes normally regulated by serotonin.
The findings include these elevated risks:
    * developmental problems in infants
    * problems with sexual stimulation and function and sperm development in adults
    * digestive problems such as diarrhea, constipation, indigestion and bloating
    * abnormal bleeding and stroke in the elderly
The authors reviewed three recent studies showing that elderly anti-depressant users are more likely to die than non-users, even after taking other important variables into account. The higher death rates indicate that the overall effect of these drugs on the body is more harmful than beneficial.
"Serotonin is an ancient chemical. It's intimately regulating many different processes, and when you interfere with these things you can expect, from an evolutionary perspective, that it's going to cause some harm," Andrews says.
Millions of people are prescribed anti-depressants every year, and while the conclusions may seem surprising, Andrews says much of the evidence has long been apparent and available.
"The thing that's been missing in the debates about anti-depressants is an overall assessment of all these negative effects relative to their potential beneficial effects," he says. "Most of this evidence has been out there for years and nobody has been looking at this basic issue."
In previous research, Andrews and his colleagues had questioned the effectiveness of anti-depressants even for their prescribed function, finding that patients were more likely to suffer relapse after going off their medications as their brains worked to re-establish equilibrium.]]></description>
<dc:subject>risk benefit antidepressant earnest hatmandu SSRI medical research drug effects adverse serotonin peer-reviewed</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=SSRI+pregnancy+risk&amp;btnG=&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;as_vis=1">
    <title>SSRI pregnancy risk - Google Scholar</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-27T14:32:13+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=SSRI+pregnancy+risk&amp;btnG=&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;as_vis=1</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>SSRI pregnancy risk medical research</dc:subject>
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    <title>SSRI cardiovascular risk - Google Scholar</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-27T14:31:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=SSRI+cardiovascular+risk&amp;btnG=&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;as_vis=1</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>SSRI cardiovascular risk medical research</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/07/04/antidepressant.pregnancy.autism.risk/index.html">
    <title>Antidepressant use in pregnancy may raise autism risk - CNN.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-27T13:18:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/07/04/antidepressant.pregnancy.autism.risk/index.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[After taking into account other factors that could affect both autism risk and SSRI use (such as the mother's age, ethnicity, and history of depression or other mental illness), the researchers found that any exposure to the drugs in the womb increased the risk of ASD diagnosis 2.2-fold, while first-trimester exposure increased the risk 3.8-fold.
Roughly 12 percent of the mothers whose children had an ASD were diagnosed with depression or another mental disorder. Previous research has reported an increased risk of autism in the offspring of mothers with mental disorders, but the new study did not find such a relationship in mothers who did not also take SSRIs.
Slightly more than 2 percent of all autism cases among children born in the late 1990s could be attributed to SSRI exposure, Croen and her colleagues estimate. That percentage might be higher today, Croen says, because SSRI use during pregnancy has become more common. A large 2005 study found that 6.5 percent of pregnant women were taking the drugs.
Croen and her colleagues thought to investigate a possible SSRI-autism link for two reasons. First, the rise in autism rates over the past several decades-which may be due to better awareness and diagnosis, rather than a true increase in cases-has roughly paralleled the growth of SSRI use during pregnancy. (The first SSRI, Prozac, was approved in the U.S. in 1987.)
Second, evidence from previous studies suggests that people with autism have abnormalities in their levels and regulation of serotonin, a brain chemical involved in mood and numerous other biological processes. SSRIs are thought to increase the availability of serotonin in the brain, and since the drugs pass through the placenta, they could conceivably influence the development of a baby's serotonin system.]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical research autism risk benefit serotonin SSRI depression pregnancy peer-reviewed hatmandu earnest David.E correlation diagnosis</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://healthland.time.com/2012/04/11/can-autism-really-be-diagnosed-in-minutes/">
    <title>Can Autism Really Be Diagnosed in Minutes? | Healthland | TIME.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-26T10:26:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/04/11/can-autism-really-be-diagnosed-in-minutes/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>medical research technology autism children child development intervention earnest hatmandu diagnosis</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:technology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:autism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:children"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:child"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:development"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:intervention"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:earnest"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:hatmandu"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:diagnosis"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://healthland.time.com/2010/09/27/the-healing-power-of-touching-yourself/">
    <title>Medicine: How Touching Yourself Can Help You Heal | Healthland | TIME.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-26T09:28:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://healthland.time.com/2010/09/27/the-healing-power-of-touching-yourself/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[What’s the first thing you do when you burn or cut one of your hands? You might think [you put it under a faucet or wrap a towel around it. Actually the first thing you do is reflexive:] you grasp the hurt hand with the other one. We have known at least since the ’60s that this kind of self-touch actually reduces pain. If you try to keep your other hand away, you will hurt a lot more. It’s not just the pressure you apply. Pain is reduced far more when it’s your own hand, not anyone else’s....
Now a new study shows that self-touch also minimizes more complex kinds of pain. The study comes amid a flood of experiments in the past few years showing that the body and mind work together to heal physical and mental discomfort. One major example is recent research showing that simply the act of deciding to seek help for a medical problem such as back pain or depression or sexual dysfunction can reduce the severity of that problem, even before you have received a single treatment.
In the new experiment, [researchers] used self-touch to reduce a complicated physical sensation called central pain. Phantom-limb pain — when your brain feels pain in a limb that has been amputated — is one kind of central pain. Dystonia, a painful movement disorder, is another.
Central pain is also the major player in the carnival-like experiment called the thermal grill illusion. In the thermal grill illusion, you are made to touch a very warm object — say, a heated-but-not-scorching grill — and then, immediately afterward, a cool object such as a room-temperature grill. Quite reliably, your brain will fool you into believing the second object is excruciatingly hot, even though nothing has happened to your flesh. The first grill wasn’t hot enough to burn, and the second is actually cool. But your brain is confused: that’s central pain.]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical behavioral research pain perception brain</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:d7e67d22cef4/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:medical"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:behavioral"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:pain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:perception"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/psyc.2009.72.4.346?journalCode=psyc">
    <title>Guilford Press | Using Target Population Specification, Effect Size, and Reach to Estimate and Compare the Population Impact of Two PTSD Preventive Interventions</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-20T08:03:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/psyc.2009.72.4.346?journalCode=psyc</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The population impact of a preventive intervention depends on two factors: what proportion of the full population at risk receives the intervention and how large a reduction in risk occurs among those who receive it. We sought to illustrate how information from a cognitive behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) trial and stepped collaborative care (CC) trial could be used to estimate the population impact of two contrasting approaches to PTSD prevention. We first specified trauma center target populations represented by participants in each trial. Patient characteristics were compared, as were effect size and reach indices and population-level reductions in PTSD incidence. The CBT trial demonstrated a larger effect size (50% PTSD prevention), but minimal reach (27/10,000), while the CC trial demonstrated a smaller effect size (7% PTSD prevention) but greater reach (1762/10,000). Modeling of the population impact suggested that a 9.5-fold greater cumulative reduction in the incidence of PTSD would result from the dissemination of the CC broad reach prevention strategy. A reciprocal relationship between effect size and reach was evident in these two trials. By specifying a target population, effect size and reach could be combined to project the overall population impact of each PTSD prevention approach.]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical behavioral research PTSD prevention efficacy peer-reviewed delivery mental health care access reach comparison psychotherapy</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:ec4b62ed0bb2/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:medical"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:behavioral"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:PTSD"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:prevention"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:efficacy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:delivery"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:mental"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:health"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:care"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:access"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:reach"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:comparison"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:psychotherapy"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/">
    <title>Science-Based Medicine</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-12T22:49:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>medicine medical research science evidence criticism</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:379872c5b396/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:medicine"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:medical"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:science"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:evidence"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:criticism"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?volume=66&amp;issue=8&amp;page=848">
    <title>JAMA Network | Archives of General Psychiatry | National Patterns in Antidepressant Medication Treatment [a.k.a. National Patterns and Antidepressant Prescribing]</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-30T06:18:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?volume=66&amp;issue=8&amp;page=848</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[ From 1996 to 2005, there was a marked and broad expansion in antidepressant treatment in the United States, with persisting low rates of treatment among racial/ethnic minorities. During this period, individuals treated with antidepressants became more likely to also receive treatment with antipsychotic medications and less likely to undergo psychotherapy.

In the United States, there has been a recent increase in the percentage of persons receiving mental health treatment each year. Among nonelderly adults, the percentage increased from 12.2% in 1990-1992 to 20.1% in 2001-2003.1 Several factors may have contributed to this trend, including a broadening in concepts of need for mental health treatment,2 campaigns to promote mental health care,3 and growing public acceptance of mental health treatments.4

In parallel with growth in mental health service usage, psychotropic medications have become increasingly prominent in treatment. The percentage of the US population using at least 1 psychotropic medication increased from 5.9% in 1996 to 8.1% in 2001.5 Among the psychotropic drugs, antidepressants are the most frequently prescribed medications.6 - 7 In 2005, antidepressants surpassed antihypertensive agents to become the most commonly prescribed class of medications in office-based6 and hospital outpatient–based7 medical practice.

Antidepressant use by adults and youths has increased in the United States. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, the monthly rate of antidepressant use among adults increased from 2.5% in 1988-1994 to 8.1% in 1999-2001.8 Data from the National Comorbidity Surveys indicate that among adults aged 15 to 54 years, use of an antidepressant in the last year because of mental health reasons increased from 2.2% in 1990-1992 to 10.1% in 2001-2003.9 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data reveal that annual antidepressant use among youths younger than 19 years increased from 1.3% in 1997 to 1.8% in 2002.]]></description>
<dc:subject>psychotherapy mental health medical research cost economics use data treatment psychotropic drug healthcare medicalization pharmacization youth children culture</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:ac9ed1110b73/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:health"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:medical"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cost"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:use"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:data"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:treatment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:psychotropic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:drug"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:healthcare"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:medicalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:pharmacization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:youth"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:children"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:culture"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Antidepressant+use+doubled+from+1996-2005%3a+surveys+show+number+of+...-a0209188188">
    <title>Antidepressant use doubled from 1996-2005: surveys show number of Americans treated with medication climbed from 13 million to 27 million. - Free Online Library</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-30T03:54:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Antidepressant+use+doubled+from+1996-2005%3a+surveys+show+number+of+...-a0209188188</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[report on Marcus, Olfson]]></description>
<dc:subject>psychotherapy mental health medical research cost economics use data treatment psychotropic drug efficacy healthcare</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:d6c9995104ea/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:psychotherapy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:mental"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:health"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:medical"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cost"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:use"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:data"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:treatment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:psychotropic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:drug"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:efficacy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:healthcare"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.apa.org/monitor/2010/11/perspectives.aspx">
    <title>Where has all the psychotherapy gone?</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-30T03:51:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.apa.org/monitor/2010/11/perspectives.aspx</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[While medication is an appropriate part of a treatment plan for many mental health disorders, psychotherapy has been documented as the preferred treatment for many common psychological disorders. A growing body of literature demonstrates the efficacy of several forms of psychotherapy for these disorders.

Notwithstanding that evidence, however, some disturbing trends in mental health treatment patterns from 1998 to 2007 are reported in the U.S. government’s Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys.

While the percentage (3.37) of Americans who receive outpatient mental health care in 2007 is very similar to the proportion of those (3.18 percent) receiving such treatment in 1998, the pattern of that care has changed. Overall there has been a decrease in the use of psychotherapy only, a decrease in the use of psychotherapy in conjunction with medication and a big increase in the use of medication only.

In 2008, 57.4 percent of patients received medication only, indicating that compared with treatment patterns in 1997, approximately 30 percent fewer patients received psychological interventions. This trend was noted particularly among those with anxiety, depression and childhood-onset disorders.

For children being treated, 58.1 percent received medication alone and no other interventions! There has been a dramatic increase in prescribing psychotropic medications, including antipsychotics, to children and adolescents, even though research to support the safety and usefulness of some of these medications is lacking. Indeed, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration publicly concurred with a 2004 finding from controlled clinical trials that the use of nine common antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and actions in pediatric patients.

Several reasons account for this shift in the focus of care for individuals with mental health disorders, beginning with the rise of the managed behavioral health-care industry in the 1990s. This burgeoning industry developed strategies to reduce the costs associated with the mental health and substance abuse benefits portion of both public and private health insurance plans. Over time, management of these benefits has resulted in controlling provider fees, strict limitations on episodes of inpatient care and reduction in the average number of outpatient visits per patient treated.

Interestingly, prescription drugs are not typically part of the costs managed by these carve-out plans. By 2006, the costs of psychotropic drugs accounted for 51 percent of mental health care spending. Per capita expenditure for psychotropic medications tripled from 1996 to 2006.

In addition to these market forces, other contributing factors have shaped our current mental health care delivery systems. One factor in particular has had a huge impact on the increasing reliance on psychotropic medications: aggressive marketing by the pharmaceutical houses, augmented by their ability since the late 1990s to advertise directly to consumers. Pharmaceutical companies constantly make information available to the public about the benefits of a variety of medications. In 2005, these companies spent $4.2 billion on direct-to-consumer advertising and a whopping $7.2 billion on promotion to physicians — nearly twice what they spent on research and development (A. Shaw, 2008).]]></description>
<dc:subject>psychotherapy mental health medical research cost economics treatment psychotropic drug efficacy healthcare</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:bea2a207b9c0/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:psychotherapy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:mental"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:health"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:medical"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cost"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:treatment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:psychotropic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:drug"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:efficacy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:healthcare"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303505504577406431528720826.html?mod=WSJ_article_MoreIn_Health%26Wellness">
    <title>Alzheimer's Trial Targets Early Prevention - WSJ.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-25T18:18:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303505504577406431528720826.html?mod=WSJ_article_MoreIn_Health%26Wellness</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Crenezumab, from Genentech, a unit of Roche Holding AG, ROG.VX +0.26% targets a sticky protein in the brain called amyloid that is thought to contribute to Alzheimer's when it clumps together. The trial also will seek to understand whether the amount of amyloid in one's brain could help predict later cognitive decline—a so-called biological marker. If it works, future trials could potentially use amyloid levels to determine whether a treatment is working rather than waiting to see if patients' memory worsens.]]></description>
<dc:subject>Alzheimer's prevention drug treatment amyloid plaques medical research human in vivo trial clinical prospective</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:9e20019ce023/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:Alzheimer's"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:prevention"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:drug"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:treatment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:amyloid"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:plaques"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:medical"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:human"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:in"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vivo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:trial"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:clinical"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:prospective"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/sugar-makes-you-stupid-study-shows-how-high-fructose-diet-sabotages-learning-memory">
    <title>Sugar Makes You Stupid: Study Shows How a High-Fructose Diet Sabotages Learning, Memory</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-16T07:19:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/sugar-makes-you-stupid-study-shows-how-high-fructose-diet-sabotages-learning-memory</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The DHA-deprived rats also developed signs of resistance to insulin, a hormone that controls blood sugar and regulates synaptic function in the brain. A closer look at the rats' brain tissue suggested that insulin had lost much of its power to influence the brain cells.

"Because insulin can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, the hormone may signal neurons to trigger reactions that disrupt learning and cause memory loss," Gomez-Pinilla said.

He suspects that fructose is the culprit behind the DHA-deficient rats' brain dysfunction. Eating too much fructose could block insulin's ability to regulate how cells use and store sugar for the energy required for processing thoughts and emotions.

"Insulin is important in the body for controlling blood sugar, but it may play a different role in the brain, where insulin appears to disturb memory and learning," he said. "Our study shows that a high-fructose diet harms the brain as well as the body. This is something new."

Gomez-Pinilla, a native of Chile and an exercise enthusiast who practices what he preaches, advises people to keep fructose intake to a minimum and swap sugary desserts for fresh berries and Greek yogurt, which he keeps within arm's reach in a small refrigerator in his office. An occasional bar of dark chocolate that hasn't been processed with a lot of extra sweetener is fine too, he said.

Still planning to throw caution to the wind and indulge in a hot-fudge sundae? Then also eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, like salmon, walnuts and flaxseeds, or take a daily DHA capsule. Gomez-Pinilla recommends one gram of DHA per day.

"Our findings suggest that consuming DHA regularly protects the brain against fructose's harmful effects," said Gomez-Pinilla. "It's like saving money in the bank. You want to build a reserve for your brain to tap when it requires extra fuel to fight off future diseases."

The UCLA study was funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Gomez-Pinilla's lab will next examine the role of diet in recovery from brain trauma.]]></description>
<dc:subject>DHA earnest hatmandu brain trauma insulin omega-3 fatty acids supplements resistance neurotransmitter memory learning sugar fructose what.I'm.reading medical behavioral research in vivo diet salmon nuts walnuts flax T2D diabetes cognition correlation peer-reviewed type 2 foods food processed industrialization risk</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:9c975fdbdeeb/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:hatmandu"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:trauma"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:insulin"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:omega-3"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:fatty"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:acids"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:supplements"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:resistance"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:neurotransmitter"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:memory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:learning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:sugar"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:fructose"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:what.I'm.reading"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:medical"/>
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<item rdf:about="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00799643?term=salsalate&amp;rank=7">
    <title>Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate for Type 2 Diabetes-stage II - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-23T06:57:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00799643?term=salsalate&amp;rank=7</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Shoelson SE, Lee J, Goldfine AB. Inflammation and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2006 Jul;116(7):1793-801. Review. Erratum in: J Clin Invest. 2006 Aug;116(8):2308.
Fleischman A, Shoelson SE, Bernier R, Goldfine AB. Salsalate Improves Glycemia and Inflammatory Parameters in Obese Young Adults. Diabetes Care. 2007 Oct 24; [Epub ahead of print]
Goldfine AB, Silver S, Aldhahi W, Cai D, Tatro E, Lee J, Shoelson SE. Use of Salsalate to Target Inflammation in the Treatment of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes, Clinical and Translational Science, 2008 May;1(1):36-43
Goldfine AB, Fonseca V, Jablonski KA, Pyle L, Staten MA, Shoelson SE; for the TINSAL-T2D (Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate in Type 2 Diabetes) Study Team. The Effects of Salsalate on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Mar 16;152(6):346-357.
]]></description>
<dc:subject>salsalate medical research human in vivo treatment diabetes T2D type 2 peer-reviewed drug efficacy insulin resistance clinical trial</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/16/health/16diabetes.html?_r=1">
    <title>Drug Helps Diabetics, Trial Finds | Annals of Internal Medicine 2010 | via NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-23T06:42:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/16/health/16diabetes.html?_r=1</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Experts who were not involved in the multi-center trial agreed larger trials were needed, and said the impact of the drug on blood glucose levels[—.5% reduction in A1c over three months at the highest tested dose of 4g daily—]was moderate. But they said the findings were exciting because they suggested Type 2 diabetes could be treated by targeting the underlying inflammation....
Since atherosclerosis is also considered an inflammatory state, this approach may also potentially reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes...
Salsalate sells for less than a quarter a pill, and does not present the opportunity for profit that would attract large pharmaceutical companies to do the research...
The patients continued with their regular Type 2 diabetes treatment regimen throughout the study.]]></description>
<dc:subject>salsalate drug effects risk benefit cost treatment self care medical research peer-reviewed pharmaceutical profit greed capitalism what.I'm.reading diabetes efficacy T2D type 2 blood glucose target range management normal</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Articles/Nutrition-And-Meal-Planning/anti-inflammatory-diets-hype-or-hope-salsalate-study/">
    <title>Salsalate Study (Page 1) :: Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-23T06:28:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Articles/Nutrition-And-Meal-Planning/anti-inflammatory-diets-hype-or-hope-salsalate-study/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Then we realized that there were other salicylates, chemically similar to aspirin, that don’t carry the same risk of bleeding.” The drug they’re studying now, salsalate, was widely used not too long ago to treat arthritis, but it got “back-shelved” when other drugs were developed for the treatment of pain and arthritis.
The researchers’ first salsalate studies showed that blood glucose control and glucose metabolism improved in people with diabetes; salsalate also lowered inflammation markers and improved levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. The second round of studies, investigating whether the drugs could have a beneficial impact on overweight people who do not have diabetes but are at risk for developing it, found that blood glucose levels improved, as did inflammatory markers and other risk factors for disease.]]></description>
<dc:subject>diabetes self care drug effects risk benefit salsalate anti-inflammatory alternative treatment pharmacology pharmaceutical marketing capitalism profit medical research in vivo human efficacy type 2 T2D peer-reviewed clinical trial</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Diane-Fennell/peer-mentoring-leads-to-large-a1c-reductions/">
    <title>Peer Mentoring Leads to Large A1C Reductions | Annals of Internal Medicine 2012 | via Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-23T05:59:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Diane-Fennell/peer-mentoring-leads-to-large-a1c-reductions/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Each percentage point decrease in A1C lowers the risk of long-term diabetes complications by 37%.
Diabetes is more common and often more severe in African Americans. To determine if people in this population could lower their A1C levels by talking regularly with others who had successfully controlled their blood glucose levels, researchers recruited 118 African Americans at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center who hadn’t been successful at lowering their A1C[:]
Those in the usual care group were provided with specific goals for A1C. 
Participants in the financial incentive group were given $100 for lowering their A1C by one point (for example, from 7.9% to 6.9%) and $200 for lowering their A1C by two points or for hitting an A1C level of 6.5% or lower. 
Those in the peer-mentoring group were connected with someone with diabetes who had once had poor blood glucose control but who had brought it to target levels (an average of 6.7%). The mentors were paid $20 and told to meet with their “mentees” at least once per week for the duration of the six-month study.
Mentors and mentees spoke an average of four times during the first month of the study and twice a month thereafter. The researchers were not sure whether this decrease in contact was due to reduced motivation or to a perceived lack of need for more frequent communication.
[Peer-mentoring participants] achieved the greatest reduction in A1C levels: Among those in the usual care group, A1C was reduced, on average, from 9.9% to 9.8%; among those in the financial incentive group, A1C was reduced from 9.5% to 9.1%; and among those in the peer-mentoring group, A1C was reduced from 9.8% to 8.7%.
“Perhaps the most obvious attraction of this type of peer mentoring is that it is virtually free, almost certainly enhancing its cost-effectiveness relative to more expensive interventions, such as nurse care management, telemedicine, and group medical appointments"...
The researchers note that all participants in the study were veterans, so the sense of camaraderie among them may not translate to other groups of people with diabetes, and they call for future studies that look into whether the blood glucose effects seen in this trial are sustainable....
{T]o find a diabetes mentor, check out the article “Peer Support, Education, and Mentoring,” [link] by certified diabetes educator Martha Mitchell Funnell.]]></description>
<dc:subject>A1c risk symptoms complications end-stage effectiveness efficacy intervention mentoring peer incentive health disparities diabetes treatment self care African-American medical behavioral research peer-reviewed support correlation blood glucose monitoring social outcome human in vivo situ clinical type 2 T2D behavior change phone telephone SMBG self-monitored benefit healthcare remediation counseling incentives culture minority cooperative economics management comorbidities late trial Black veteran target range normal</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/03/connectome-brain-map/">
    <title>Rainbow Brain Map Reveals Grid-Like Pattern | Wired Science | Wired.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-08T06:49:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/03/connectome-brain-map/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[To the unaided eye, the most striking feature of the human brain is its squiggly pattern of bumps and grooves. But within those curves is a latticework of nerve fibers that cross each other at roughly right angles (above), according to a study published March 30 in Science.
The researchers used a recently-developed method called diffusion spectrum imaging to infer the position of nerve fibers in the living human brain from the way water flows through and around them. These scans revealed an orderly weave of fibers — a much simpler organization than many scientists would have suspected.
Scans in four monkey species found a similar pattern. The researchers suggest that this grid-like organization may be advantageous during brain development, providing the equivalent of highway lane markers to help growing nerve fibers find their way to the appropriate destination.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain structure medical research peer-reviewed visualization mapping David.E hatmandu earnest</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Jan-Chait/should-you-be-eating-that-could-have-a-new-meaning/">
    <title>“Should You be Eating That?” Could Have a New Meaning | JAMA 2011-11-23/30 | Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-03T20:19:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Jan-Chait/should-you-be-eating-that-could-have-a-new-meaning/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[A study published in the November 23/30, 2011, issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association] detailed the results of a blinded crossover trial in which 75 subjects ate either canned soup or homemade soup for five days. Half ate canned soup, followed by a two-day washout period and then homemade soup. The other half ate homemade soup first, followed by a washout period, then canned soup. Aside from the soup, they could eat whatever they liked.
When subjects ate the nationally distributed canned soup, their urinary levels of BPA were 20 times higher than when they ate a similar homemade soup, averaging 1.1 mcg/L when they ate homemade soup for five days and soaring to 20.8 mcg/L when they ate the canned soup for the same amount of time. This wasn’t all soup all the time, people: It was one serving of soup per day at lunch. Just think of all the food and drink we consume out of cans. All day long. (Not to mention the water we drink that comes to us through plastic water pipes.)]]></description>
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    <title>[Low] Glycemic Index Foods at Breakfast Can Control Blood Sugar Throughout the Day | Shelke K. Mattes R. presented Institute of Food Technologists' Wellness 12</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-02T07:08:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/glycemic-index-foods-breakfast-can-control-blood-sugar-throughout-day</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Eating foods at breakfast that have a low glycemic index may help prevent a spike in blood sugar throughout the morning and after the next meal of the day...
These breakfast foods also can increase feelings of satiety and fullness and may make people less likely to overeat throughout the day...
The glycemic index ranks foods on the [rate at] which they raise blood sugar levels after eating. Foods with a high index are rapidly digested and result in high fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Foods with a low glycemic index produce gradual rises in blood sugar and insulin levels and are considered healthier, especially for people with diabetes.
Mattes’ research specifically focused on the advantages of having almonds, a low glycemic index food, with the morning meal. In his study, published last year in the Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, participants who ate a breakfast containing whole almonds experienced longer feelings of fullness and had lower blood glucose concentrations after breakfast and lunch, compared to those who did not have a low-glycemic breakfast.
When a low glycemic food is added to the diet, people spontaneously choose to eat less at other times throughout the day. Mattes added that while the calories need to be taken into consideration as part of a person’s overall diet, almonds can be incorporated in moderate amounts without an effect on body weight.
Both Mattes and Shelke stressed the importance of eating a healthy, low-glycemic breakfast in maintaining a healthy weight and blood sugar levels. A 2009 study found that about 30 percent of people skip breakfast one to three times per week. Among those who eat breakfast, cold cereal is the most popular (83 percent), followed by eggs (71 percent).]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Diane-Fennell/adequate-sleep-vital-for-heart-health/">
    <title>Adequate Sleep Vital for Heart Health | Arora R. presented American College of Cardiology’s 61st Annual Scientific Session 2012 | Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-02T06:25:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Diane-Fennell/adequate-sleep-vital-for-heart-health/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[People sleeping less than six hours a night were twice as likely to have a stroke or heart attack and 1.6 times as likely to have congestive heart failure. And those sleeping more than eight hours each night were two times as likely to have angina and 1.1 times more likely to have coronary artery disease.]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical research poster sleep cardiovascular risk diabetes T2D type 2 human in vivo correlation preliminary results clinical trial</dc:subject>
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