HYDRO TECH CORPORATION

Industrial/ Commercial RO Plant

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We are a reputed manufacturer and supplier of Reverse Osmosis Plants in Asia & Middle East that are known for their exceptional performance. Easy to install, the RO plants effectively remove impurities from water. Our RO plants are known in the entire market for their hassle-free functioning and simple operations. Robust in construction, our RO plants find application in both commercial and residential sectors. We offer our RO plants in varied specifications and at comparatively low prices.

Special Features:

Pre-treatment for the production of very pure water for semiconductor, electrical and glass industries

Demineralization of water for industrial use as process water, cooling water and boiler feed water

Demineralization and depolarization of pretreated effluents for recycling

Concentration of watery solutions in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industry

Demineralization of service water for special uses (hospitals and air-conditioning and sanitary engineering)

Removal of organic matter as preliminary stage of ion-exchange plants

Concentration of effluents for the removal of harmful matter

Recovery of metals from concentrated solutions

Availability

500 LPH to 10,000 LPH

Technical Specification:

Our skid-mounted reverse osmosis plants range from tap water, brackish water to seawater desalination.

System Performance Comparison	Carbon Filter	Carbon filter w/silver	Ceramic Filter	Ceramic Filter w/carbon	Reverse Osmosis	Steam Distillation w/carbon
Microbiological	NO	PARTIAL	YES	YES	NO	YES
Organics	YES	YES	NO	YES	YES	YES
Heavy Metals	NO	NO	NO	NO	PARTIAL	YES
Radioactivity	NO	NO	NO	NO	PARTIAL	YES
Inorganics	NO	NO	NO	NO	PARTIAL	YES

THEORY OF OPERATION REVERSE OSMOSIS

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Principles of Operation

Reverse osmosis is a membrane separation process for removing solvent from a solution. When a semi permeable membrane separates a dilute solution from a concentrated solution, solvent crosses from the dilute to the concentrated side of the membrane in an attempt to equalize concentrations. The flow of solvent can be prevented by applying an opposing hydrostatic pressure to the concentrated solution.

The magnitude of the pressure required to completely impede the flow of solvent is defined as the "osmotic pressure". If the applied hydrostatic pressure exceeds the osmotic pressure (see figure below), flow of solvent will be reversed, that is, solvent will flow from the concentrated to the dilute solution. This phenomenon is referred to asReverse Osmosis. The figure illustrates the concepts of osmosis, osmotic pressure and reverse osmosis schematically.

Overview of osmosis and reverse osmosis

In order to use reverse osmosis as a water purification process, the feed water is pressurized on one side of a semi permeable membrane. The pressure must be high enough to exceed the osmotic pressure to cause reverse osmotic flow of water.

If the membrane is highly permeable to water, but essentially impermeable to dissolved solutes, pure water crosses the membrane and is known as product water. As product water crosses the membrane, the concentration of dissolved impurities increases in the remaining feed water (a condition known as concentration polarization) and, as a consequence, the osmotic pressure increases.

A point is reached at which the applied pressure is no longer able to overcome the osmotic pressure and no further flow of product water occurs. Moreover, if the applied pressure is increased in an attempt to gain more product water, a point is reached at which the membrane becomes fouled by precipitated salts and other un dissolved material from the water.

Therefore, there is a limit to the fraction of feed water which can be recovered as pure water and reverse osmosis units are operated in a configuration where only a portion of the feed water passes through the membrane with the remainder being directed to drain (cross-flow configuration).

The water flowing to drain contains concentrated solutes and other insoluble materials, such as bacteria, endotoxin and particles, and is referred to as the reject stream. The product water to feed water ratio can range from 10% 50% for purification of water depending on the characteristics of the incoming water as well as other conditions.

Types of Reverse Osmosis Membranes

A reverse osmosis membrane must be freely permeable to water, highly impermeable to solutes, and able to withstand high operating pressures. It should ideally be tolerant of wide ranges of pH and temperature and should be resistant to attack by chemicals like free chlorine and by bacteria.

Ideally, it should also be resistant to scaling and fouling by contaminants in the feed water. There are three major types of reverse osmosis membranes: cellulosic, fully aromatic polyamide and thin film composite. A comparison of characteristics of these three membrane types is given in the following Table.

Comparison of Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Feature	Cellulosic	Aromatic Polyamide	Thin Film Composite*
Rejection of Organic	L	M	H
Rejection of Low Molecular Weight Organics	M	H	H
Water Flux	M	L	H
pH Tolerance	4-8	4-11	2-11
Temperature Stability	Max 35 deg C.	Max 35 deg C.	Max 45 deg C.
Oxidant Tolerance(e.g. free Chlorine	H	L	L
Compaction Tendency	H	H	L
Biodegradability	H	L	L
Cost	L	M	H
L = Low; M = Medium; H = High
*Thin film composite type having polyamide surface layer

Cellulosic Membranes: The concept of reverse osmosis was first demonstrated in the late 1950s with cellulose acetate membranes. These membranes are asymmetric, composed of a thin dense surface layer (0.2 to 0.5 ~m ) and a thick porous substructure. Solute rejection is accomplished by the thin dense layer and the porous substructure provides structural strength. Cellulose acetate membranes can be cast in sheets or as hollow fibers.

Cellulose acetate membranes are inexpensive and easy to manufacture but suffer from several limitations. Their asymmetric structure makes them susceptible to compaction under high operating pressures, especially at elevated temperatures.

Compaction occurs when the thin dense layer of the membrane thickens by merging with the thicker porous substructure, leading to a reduction in product flux.

Cellulose acetate membranes are susceptible to hydrolysis and can only be used over a limited pH range (low pH 3 to 5 and high pH 6 to 8, depending on the manufacturers). They also undergo degradation at temperatures above 35°C.

They are vulnerable to attack by bacteria.

Cellulose acetate membranes have a high water permeability but reject low molecular weight contaminants poorly.

Cellulose triacetate membranes have been developed with improved salt rejection characteristics and reduced susceptibility to pH, high temperature and microbial attack. However, cellulose triacetate membranes have a lower water permeability than cellulose acetate membranes. Blends of cellulose triacetate and cellulose acetate have been developed to take advantage of the desirable characteristics of both membranes.

Caution: Both CA and CTA membranes may contain 1,4 Dioxane, a chemical known to cause cancer and banned in California by Proposition 65. Manufacturers of CA and CTA membrane Reverse Osmosis systems are required by State Law to place warning labels on the product package to alert consumers(and dealers) of this fact. If you purchase a CA or CTA system and it does not have these designations, it is not in compliance with State Law.

The 1,4, Dioxane is used to create the membrane porosity features and portions of that chemical may remain in the product following manufacture. Manufacturers with whom we discussed this issue readily admit the use of 1,4 Dioxane but are unable to specify the number of gallons of water which must initially be run through the system to purge this chemical from the system.

To our knowledge, TFC membranes do not use this chemical in manufacturing process.

Aromatic polyamide membranes: Aromatic polyamide membranes were first developed by DuPont in a hollow fiber configuration. Like the cellulosic membranes, these membranes also have an asymmetric structure with a thin (0.1 to 1.0 ,um ) dense skin and a porous substructure.

Polyamide membranes have better resistance to hydrolysis and biological attack than do cellulosic membranes. They can be operated over a pH range of 4 to 11, but extended use at the extremes of this range can cause irreversible membrane degradation. They can withstand higher temperatures than cellulosic membranes. However, like cellulosics, they are subject to compaction at high pressures and temperatures.

They have better salt rejection characteristics than cellulosic membranes as well as better rejection of water soluble organics.

A major drawback of polyamide membranes is that they are subject to degradation by oxidants, such as free chlorine.

Thin film composites: As the name indicates, these membranes are made by forming a thin, dense, solute rejecting surface film on top of a porous substructure. The materials of construction and the manufacturing processes for these two layers can be different and optimized for the best combination of high water flux and low solute permeability.

The water flux and solute rejection characteristics are predominantly determined by the thin surface layer, whose thickness ranges from 0.01 to 0.1 micrometers.

Several types of thin film composite membranes have been developed, including aromatic polyamide, alkyl-aryl polyurea/polyamide and polyfurane cyanurate. The supporting porous sub layer is usually made of polysulfone.

Polyamide thin film composites, like polyamide asymmetric membranes, are highly susceptible to degradation by oxidants, such as free chlorine. Consumers must be consistent in their maintenance of the TFC systems, particularly the carbon pre filtration element which is present to remove free chlorine(and other oxidative organics) and prevent damage and premature destruction of the TFC membrane

Although the stability of these membranes to free chlorine has been improved by modifications of the polymer formulation and the processing technique, exposure to oxidants must be minimized.

Applications: Reverse osmosis membranes reject dissolved inorganic solutes, larger organic solutes (molecular weight greater than 200), a portion of microbiological contaminants such as endotoxin, viruses and bacteria, and particles. Because of this broad spectrum of solute rejection, reverse osmosis is an important process in a wide variety of water treatment processes.

NOTE: the following section is provided to emphasize the variability of the performance of reverse osmosis insofar as time and input contaminant characteristics are concerned.

Removal of inorganic contaminants: The removal of inorganic contaminants by reverse osmosis membranes has been studied in great detail by many researchers using a variety of membrane types. Complex interactions occur in feed waters containing mixtures of ionic species. Nevertheless, general guidelines for the rejection of inorganic contaminants by reverse osmosis membranes can be given:

Ionic contaminants are more readily rejected than neutral species. For most membrane types, polyvalent ions are rejected to a greater extent than monovalent ions. If the polyvalent ion is strongly hydrated, rejection is even higher.

Because electrical neutrality must be preserved, ions diffuse across the membrane as a cation-anion pair. As a consequence, rejection of a particular ion depends on the rejection of its counterion.

IMPORTANT: An example of this interaction is that of sodium. Sodium as sulfate (Na2SO,), has a higher rejection than when present as sodium chloride (NaCl), because the divalent sulfate ion is rejected to a greater extent than the monovalent chloride ion.

When a home-use reverse osmosis system is combined with a water softener/conditioner, an increasing amount of sodium chloride(or potassium chloride if used) is allowed thorough the membrane. In hard water areas, where several grains of hardness are present, or where large amounts of calcium and magnesium are found, the water softener exchanges a certain amount of sodium(Click to see water softener section for specific calculations of these amounts) and these salts are then sent through the house plumbing.

The reverse osmosis system progressively lets more and more of these sodium salts thorough into the drinking water. For those on sodium restricted diets or who experience other health problems such as diabetes(large water consumption) or hypertension, this issue may preclude the practical use of reverse osmosis in the home.

We recommend you determine how much additional sodium is being added to your home by the water softener and then estimate the residual sodium after a hypothetical reverse osmosis units ---and then determine if such a system is allowing more sodium than you can tolerate. If you find such levels are unacceptable for your health condition, we recommend you consider a steam distillation system where all sodium ions are removed.

Variations in pH influence the water flux and rejection characteristics of reverse osmosis membranes exposed to a mixture of monovalent and polyvalent solutes. This effect of pH varies with membrane composition and ionic species.For example, fluoride rejection increases from 45% to 90% as pH increases from 5.5 to 7.2, whereas nitrate rejection decreases slightly as pH increases from 5.2 to 7.0.

The pH of municipal water has been recently increased in some areas in anticipation of the newly proposed lead regulations (see Section 4.3). In instances when pH has exceeded 9, and the water contained chloramines, a decreased rejection of solutes by polyamide thin film composite membranes has been observed.

It is thought that the high pH causes chloramines to dissociate into ammonium and hypochlorite ions. The ammonium ions, which are poorly removed by activated carbon, interact with the polyamide membranes, causing their rejection characteristics to deteriorate. The decrease in rejection can generally be reversed by lowering the pH of the water supply.

NOTE: most larger municipal water systems are now using chloramines to treat water(versus free chlorine). This dramatically reduces membrane performance(and lifetime).

Inorganic contaminants with higher molecular weights (greater than 200) are rejected to a greater extent than small molecular weight inorganic solutes.

We have selected not to illustrate rejection percentages for inorganic contaminants since each manufacturer uses different types of
"challenge" inorganics to demonstrate the better characteristics of their individual membranes. A common set of test conditions is virtually impossible to identify.

The variability of local water conditions, particularly where a municipal water system relies on a variety of water sources during the course of the year, thus creates a virtually unpredictable performance specification for home-type reverse osmosis units.

Although Total Dissolved Solids(TDS) measurements will indicate a gradual degradation of the overall inorganic performance of the reverse osmosis system, short of an expensive quantitative and quantitative laboratory test it is virtually impossible to tell if specific contaminant removal percentages are achieved under these highly variable conditions.

The purpose of the above discussion is to caution the homeowner (and dealer) as to variability of the performance of an in-home reverse osmosis system.

While general inorganic performance can be measured by conventional conductivity meters(for TDS), specific performance specifications which a manufacturer depicts in a product brochure may be considerably different from what is actually achieved in home-use conditions.

In general TFC membranes do better when total dissolved solids are the sole measure of system performance, albeit they must be carefully maintained as to chlorine intolerance as noted above.

Removal of organic contaminants: While reverse osmosis membranes have a wide spectrum of removal of organic contaminants, the nature and extent of rejection will depend upon the nature of the organic solute. However, some general guidelines regarding rejection of organic contaminants can be given:

Reverse osmosis is effective in rejecting organic solutes with molecular weights greater than 200 to 300, such as fulvic acids, lignins, humic acids and detergents. Low molecular weight, non polar, water soluble solutes (for example, methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol) are poorly rejected.

Un dissociated organic acids and amines are poorly rejected while their salts are readily rejected. For example, phenol is poorly rejected by reverse osmosis membranes, but when converted to its salt, rejections as high as 95 to 99% are observed. Also, rejection of acetic acid is only of the order of 50% but that of sodium acetate is as high as 90 to 95%.

The variable(and in some cases poor) removal characteristics of reverse osmosis membranes dictates the use of auxiliary carbon filtration components either before or after(or both) the membrane. As in steam distillation, which has similar problems with organic materials, both reverse osmosis and distillation require some type of organic removal mechanism such as replaceable carbon filters.

The placement of carbon filters in reverse osmosis systems depends on the type of membrane in use: for cellulose acetate or cellulose triacetate membranes the carbon element is usually placed AFTER the membrane and captive air tank, and just before the dispensing faucet.

For thin film membranes, a carbon filter is usually placed before AND after the membrane. The carbon filter placed in front of the membrane is necessary since various types of organic materials and chlorine are detrimental to the structure of the thin film membrane. Extra caution must be taken to regularly replace the carbon pre filter so as to ensure reasonable performance and lifetime for the TFC membrane.

Removal of microbiological contaminants: Reverse osmosis manufacturers claim to reduce levels of bacterial and viral contamination in the feed water by factors of 10(3rd power) to 10(5th power).

However, in reality reverse osmosis should not be relied upon to produce sterile, much less water with reduced bacterial levels.

Using the biological process called MITOSIS, Bacteria and viruses may rapidly penetrate the reverse osmosis membrane through defects and imperfections in the membrane as well as through tiny leaks in seals of the membrane module. In order to prevent colonization of the product water side with bacteria and proliferation of these bacteria, regular disinfection procedures are necessary(unfortunately most of which are never explained to consumers, and still fewer undertaken by owners of home use reverse osmosis systems).

In general, because of this marked deficiency in system capabilities, most of the reverse osmosis industry(dealers and salespersons included) doggedly try to steer the discussion away from this sensitive topic.

Contrary to what most if not all of the industry consultants and manufacturers are saying about this subject, controlled, clinical studies have been done which indicate massive bacterial re-growth problems in PROPERLY MAINTAINED in-home reverse osmosis units. What this Canadian government-sponsored study showed was an incredible increase in gastrointestinal illnesses which were directly correlated with the higher levels of bacteria appearing in the test reverse osmosis systems.

Comparisons were made with neighbors who drank straight tap water. The neighbors did not experience the types of illnesses which were occurring in their neighbor's homes who owned the reverse osmosis units.

One can easily see why the US reverse osmosis industry has been strangely silent on these studies---studies which expose one of the more dangerous aspects of employing reverse osmosis in home use situations.

Much like the salt refining industry and water softener manufacturing and sales organizations, reverse osmosis industry representatives and their paid consultant organizations are continually attempting to ally fears of such microbiological contamination problems.

As seen in another part of this web site, reverse osmosis is a terrific performer in industrial applications, when combined with other technologies such as mixed bed de ionization and where microbiological problems can be dealt with through the use of high powered ultraviolet and ozone systems.

Endotoxin aggregates have a high molecular weight of the order of 2 million and are well rejected by reverse osmosis membranes. However, endotoxin fragments may penetrate reverse osmosis membranes. These fragments may carry toxic components to the home drinking water and may endanger specifically those with reduced immune system characteristics.

Placement of a reverse osmosis system(without auxiliary processing capabilities such as ultraviolet or ozone) in a rural environment which is naturally prone to a wider and greater concentration of microbiological hazards is also cautioned.

Individuals who purchase point of use systems such as reverse osmosis need to be aware of both the capabilities and deficiencies of these systems.

TYPICAL HOOKUP CONFIGURATION

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF REVERSE OSMOSIS, STEAM DISTILLATION AND CARBON FILTRATION VERSUS TIME.

QUALITATIVE PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF ALL TYPES OF HOME-USE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES BY HYDROTECH CORPORATION

HYDROTECH CORPORATION: Web Contents:

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HYDROTECH CORPORATION: Web Contents:: How Reverse Osmosis Works? Our ISO 9001-2008 Certified Europe & U.S.A Standard Product Range Bypassing the RO membrane on a home w...

How Reverse Osmosis Works?

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Our ISO 9001-2008 Certified Europe & U.S.A Standard Product Range

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Bypassing the RO membrane on a home water filtering system

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Many people have an RO filter on their home or just their sink. If you wish to use this system for carbon filtration, it is fairly easy to bypass the RO part of your filtering system, in most cases. This will allow you to keep using the carbon filtration part of the system, which is fine.

The procedure is to open up the cylinder or container on your filtration system that contains the RO membrane. Then remove the RO membrane, and close up the container tightly. In most cases, this is all you need to do.

An alternative method is to remove the small tubes or pipes going to the RO membrane container and simply bypassing the RO part by re-connecting the tubes in a different way. Either of these methods should work okay.

CARBON FILTERS

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Carbon, also called activated charcoal, is an excellent filtering material. It is basically charred wood or some other natural substance. The shape of the carbon molecule causes it to attract a few lighter minerals and most toxic chemicals. At the same time, it seems to be quite harmless and does not add many toxins to the water it touches.

For best results, the carbon must touch the water for a prolonged period of time. This means that the larger the carbon filter, and the slower the water flows through it, the better.

Types of carbon filters. Carbon filters comes in two main types. The less costly type is simply powdered charcoal or carbon. A better type is called a carbon block filter. The carbon has been compressed to form a more dense block. The compressed carbon removes more impurities.

Advantages of carbon filtration of water.
Carbon is fairly non-toxic, inexpensive and will remove quite a few toxic chemicals and chlorine gas and other gases to some degree. Also, and most important, carbon will not damage the water at all. It is a very natural type of water filtration system.

Multi-stage home filtering units

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These are heavily advertised today as being superior to carbon filtration. It is true that these units will remove some fluoride, more toxic chemicals and some toxic metals as well. Popular brands include Multi-pure, Zero Water and many others.

These units all contain several types of filters to remove different contaminants. Many contain KDF, along with plasticized beads and other methods, and carbon, to remove fluoride and toxic metals.

Unfortunately, all the multi-stage filters that I have seen damage the water and make it less usable by the body. As a result, it does not hydrate the body well. I am not sure which filter medium is causing the problem at this time. Stay away from these more costly and heavily advertised units at this time.

Alkaline water. I know of three types of alkaline water systems. All of them have problems and, for this reason, should definitely be avoided. To alkalinize the body properly, eat loads of cooked vegetables along with kelp capsules. These contain the alkaline reserve minerals. As these accumulate in the body, the body becomes more alkaline naturally. Also, one must avoid all sugars, all alcohol, and all wheat products and most grains for a while. Alkaline water machines are totally unnatural and have a stimulatory type effect that is not the same as truly alkalinizing the body with the proper diet, lifestyle and mineral replacement therapy.

The most popular alkaline water machines are the platinum-titanium type. They include the Jupiter, I-Water, Kaagen, and many others. They use tap water, which passes through a carbon filter. Then the water passes over electrified platinum-covered titanium plates to alkalinize it. Then some machines may add a calcium solution or powder to the water to further enhance its alkalinity. Serious problems with these machines, that are heavily and falsely advertised in my opinion, include:

· Yin. Drinking any water that is highly alkaline makes the body more yin. Yin means sick, cold and expanded in Chinese medical terms. It is vry harmful, even if one’s symptoms improve, at first.

· Cleanliness. Tap water is not a very good base water. It is quite variable, and most tap water in America and elsewhere is not of excellent quality. It contains some chlorine compounds, fluorides, medical drug residues, hundreds of toxic chemicals, toxic metals and more.

· Carbon filters cannot remove most toxic metals and many toxic chemicals, no matter what the manufacturers claim. When water passes quickly over carbon, not that much is removed. Also, as the carbon filter becomes dirty, it stops working well.

· Platinum is too toxic for any human exposure. While the amount of exposure is small, we have noted that after using the machine for 6 months or so, some who use it begin to develop a little platinum toxicity. While this may be okay for most people, some with delicate kidneys or liver problems will be affected. The amount of platinum absorbed will depend upon one’s tap water and one’s body chemistry. The more poorly nourished one is, the more platinum one is likely to absorb. Other factors such as one’s age, vitality, etc. also have an effect.

· White powders added to the water. One must find out exactly what it is. Most is not that pure. Avoid coral calcium powder, for example, or some other contaminated product that adds more toxic metals.

· The advertising for these machines with claims that most Japanese hospitals, and most Japanese people use them is not true, as far as I know.

Water store alkaline water

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A few health food stores and water stores are selling even more dangerous alkaline water. They begin with reverse osmosis water. Then they add a calcium solution or powder, often coral calcium, to alkalinize it. Problems with this methodology are:

· Yin. Once again, any alkaline water seems to have a negative yin effect.

· Reverse osmosis does not hydrate the body well at all and should never be used for daily drinking water by most people.

· The calcium solution or powder, especially if it is made from coral calcium, may contain toxic metals.

· Very toxic, possibly. When toxic metals are added to reverse osmosis water, the ‘hungry water’ seems to take up the metals easily and drive them deep into the body cells and the kidneys.

Minerals to add to drinking water

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This is a popular idea, but not usually helpful and, in fact, adding salt can be dangerous. Adding salt to water may remove a few molecules of toxic metals, but can unbalance the minerals in the body. Sailors know that drinking salty water is harmful in all cases.

Other problems with added minerals are that one simply does not know which minerals are best. Some are harmful as they contain toxic metals. Especially avoid minerals that are added to drinking water that come from the sea, and those that come from land-based mineral deposits or earth mineral deposits. In my experience, these all contain some toxic metals and the sea-based ones contain salts that can leach vital minerals from the body.

Water softeners

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Some people who have hard water (water with a high calcium content) have a tank in the basement or garage, and they add either salt pellets or potassium pellets periodically to soften the water. The water passes over the pellets and picks up some sodium and potassium, which tends to dissociate or break up the hard calcium compounds in the water. The result is a water that does not leave deposits on faucets, toilets and counter tops. The water also causes soap and shampoo to lather up somewhat easier, and it may preserve the pipes in the house by getting rid of calcium deposits.

Water softeners are not a way to purify water in any manner. If one’s water is too hard, adding salt may help. However, it also contaminates the water. Drinking softened water has been shown to increase heart disease. Adding potassium seems to be even worse. An alternative is to place either fixed magnets or electromagnets on the pipe leading into the home, and this will have a similar effect to some degree on the water.

SUMMARY OF WATERS TO AVOID

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Ø Trinity Water, as it is much too high in fluoride.

Ø All “drinking water” and “purified water” including Aqua Fina and Dasani. Do not be fooled by fancy sounding names or fancy bottling. These are just filtered tap water or water produced by reverse osmosis.

Ø Alkaline waters of all kinds.

Ø Distilled water, except perhaps during a toxic elimination or healing reaction. Too much distilled water will demineralize the body.

Ø Water from water machines found at supermarkets, for example.

Ø Water from water stores. This is always made with reverse osmosis, in my experience.

Ø Well water, in many cases.

Ø Tap water, unless filtered with carbon only. Tap water is not ideal, but it often will hydrate the body. If it is all you can afford, preferably at least use a Britta or other simple carbon filter and change the filter about once a month.

Ø Multiple stage filters in most cases. Beware that some multi-stage home and industrial water filters use reverse osmosis or other types of filtering methods that damage the water severely. Carbon is safe, however.

Ø Other “designer” waters. These include Penta Water, Vitamin Water, Smart Water and others.

Other cautions about water:

Ø Always read labels carefully to see if bottled water is actually spring water or just filtered tap water. Also, some “distilled” water says in fine print “made with reverse osmosis”. Stay away in this case.

Ø I do not believe most people need to pay extra for water that has been altered by adding ozone, special minerals, prayers or by other processes. Many of these are available today. Some are obviously better than others, and there are too many to comment upon. Most begin with tap water and use reverse osmosis to filter the water. This is not good.

CONCLUSION

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The amount of water is as important as the quality of the water. However, more of a poor quality water will actually do more damage. Children need less water depending on their size, but all need to drink water, not other beverages only such as milk, juices, soups, etc. Here are the basic rules we suggest for adults.

· The first choice is to drink a quality spring water that you have delivered, you buy in the supermarket, or you obtain directly from the spring if you prefer.

· Second choice, not quite as good, is often to drink a CARBON-ONLY filtered tap water.

· Most adults need about three quarts or more of drinking water per day. More is needed in hot weather, dry weather and if one is more physically active or weighs over 250 pounds. Drinking more water is not necessary or healthful.

· As part of one's water intake, one may have up to two or even three cups of mild, caffeine-free teas and one cup of green or black tea. Preferably do not add honey, sugar, agave syrup, cream, lemon, caffeine or other things to your tea. These will alter the quality of the water somewhat. This is why many books state clearly not to use anything but pure water.

· Avoid drinking much soda pop, fruit juices, too much vegetable juice, more than about 6 ounces of any kind of milk, and avoid rice, soy, hemp, or almond milks, alcohol and caffeinated beverages. If you have some, they should not be counted as part of your water intake. In fact, eating or drinking anything containing sugar, caffeine and alcohol definitely tends to dehydrate the body. For more on this important medical topic, read Hydration on this website.

How to drink.

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An excellent way to begin your day is to drink several large glasses of warm water, up to a quart, upon arising in the morning, up to about a quart. This will supply you for several hours and you won’t have to think about how much to drink all day long. Drinking a number of glasses of heated water will often help with constipation, as well.

Otherwise, it is best to drink about four large glasses of water between meals. Keep the amount of water at the meals low, so as not to dilute the digestive juices. Drinking after about 6 PM can cause men, in particular, to be up urinating during the night, which is not helpful for resting and for sleep.

DETAILS ABOUT WATER QUALITIES

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Large textbooks are written about water. Water has so many properties that I can only touch upon some of the most important ones and other practical considerations.

Water has a spin, moment, particle size, specific gravity, acidity, hardness, total dissolved solids, boiling point, bond angle, overall quality and microorganisms. Let us discuss each of these in more detail.

Spin. Water molecules spin in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. This influences the water’s effect on the human body. The spin should be clockwise. When it is reversed, the water pulls minerals from the body and disrupts normal mineral metabolism. From what I have read, the problem with reverse osmosis water is that the spin of the water is disrupted by the plastic membrane, and this cannot be corrected by adding minerals, boiling the water or other simple means.

Moment. Water has a weight or molecular structure that depends on its moment. Moment is the manner in which a substance behaves in the presence of other substances. Water is, of course, in contact with many substances which influence it and which it, in turn, influences. Moment has to do with the way water interacts with these substances.

Particle Size. Water contains dissolved particles. These are ions, electrical and protonic particles. The size of these particles also imparts qualities to water that are easily measured with electrical conductivity testers.

Specific Gravity. Water has a specific gravity index that also influences its effect on the body. The higher the specific gravity, the more it adheres to cell walls and other structures. This is the viscosity of the water. Ideally, water should have a very low specific gravity. This means the water is ‘wetter’ and will penetrate the cells better, bringing more nutrients to the cells and carrying away more toxins.

Weight. One may think that all water weighs the same. However, this is not true. Some water is heavier due to the isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen that make up the water. Lighter water is best for the human body. For example, some spring waters contain less deuterium, a heavier isotope of hydrogen that contributes to a heavier water.

PH or Acidity. Water, like all substances, has a degree of acidity or alkalinity that also influences its effects on the body. The higher the pH, the more alkaline the water. Water that is too alkaline or too acid is not healthful. Some people are using machines that alkalinize the water by adding or removing minerals from it. This I consider very risky as it changes the properties of the water, often in unnatural ways. I do not ever recommend these machines for extended use, as they seem to make the person much more yin, a negative consequence that will eventually offset any positive benefits of drinking alkaline water.

Hardness. All naturally-occurring water contains minerals to some degree. Hardness refers mainly to the amount of calcium in the water. I recommend a water that is hard, but not too hard.

Total Dissolved Solids. This refers to the total of the minerals contained in the water. This can vary tremendously from various water sources. A good total dissolved solid level (tds) is about 300-400.

Boiling Point. Water is said to boil at 212º F. However, the boiling point varies with the altitude. It also varies with the nature of the water. Salt water, for example, boils at a higher temperature. It also freezes at a lower temperature. This is why salt is applied to sidewalks and roads, as it causes ice to melt.The boiling point of water is more important than one might imagine. This has to do with vaporization of the water in the body and its excretion through the lungs and skin. Water that boils at a lower temperature will volatilize or vaporize faster. This is beneficial for removing toxic substances from the body. I recommend a water with a lower boiling point. The boiling point depends on the minerals in the water. It also depends on the structure of the water and on subtle factors related to the spin, moment, weight and other factors.

Bond angle. This is a very interesting quality of water. The bond angle is the angle between the two oxygen atoms in the H2O molecule. The more open the bond angle, the wetter or lower the surface tension of the water. A more open bond angle also affects many other properties of the water. This very interesting topic is discussed in more detail in another article on this website entitled Open Water, What it is.

Overall Quality. This refers to the amounts and ratios of the various minerals and other substances in the water. This is a complex area as there can be over 100 minerals in a particular water, plus thousands of toxic chemicals, pesticide residues, pharmaceuticals, solvents and added chemicals in any particular water.

Unfortunately, today most water is very contaminated with heavy metals and toxic chemicals. Therefore, most tap and well water is not of very good quality and will not hydrate the body as well as a quality spring water.

Micro-organisms of Water

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by Lawrence Wilson, MD

All water, except perhaps triple distilled laboratory water, contains microorganisms. These include bacteria, fungi, parasitic organisms, viruses and mycoplasma. Water may also contain insect larvae, parasite ova, plant matter, animal feces and many other biological compounds. I recommend water than has been filtered by passing through the earth to produce well and spring water. Carbon filtration also helps remove many micro-organisms, but it does not remove others, and does not remove toxic metals, for the most part.

Deep well and spring water is generally cleaner in this regard, as it comes from deeper within the earth. Surface water from rivers and lakes, for example, is often far more contaminated with insect, fish and algae residues.

The Best Drinking Water 6 Key Qualities

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I don’t assume to know what the best drinking water is for every person. After all, “best” is a subjective term.

Many factors come into play when we think of choosing the best drinking water for ourselves and our families.

Just a few of these factors include lifestyle, health objectives, finances, living accommodations, sports and fitness levels, and so forth.

However, getting past the semantics, we could probably all agree that “good” drinking water is:

(1) safe to drink (relatively contaminant and chemical free) and (2) it tastes good.

Drinking clean, healthy, chemical-free water is the foundation to health. However, just because water is safe to drink and tastes good doesn’t necessarily mean it is healthy.

For example, experts agree that all tap and bottled water contain traces of unhealthy synthetic chemicals. So even though tap or bottled water may not make us sick initially, the cumulative effects of these chemicals (hundreds of which have never even been tested) in our body are significant.

Even minute traces of these contaminants can lead to a weakened immune system (or worse) with long-term exposure.

The Healthiest Water Is Mineral Rich

Thus, many water experts today agree that the healthiest water is produced by home water filters and water filtration systems that selectively remove contaminants but not the naturally occurring minerals.

Even though there are health studies that argue the benefits of de-mineralized water (such as reverse osmosis and distilled waters), the most recent and credible studies are conclusive that water that contains trace minerals is the healthiest and best drinking water.

Dr. Mu Shik Jhon, considered by the scientific community to be the top water expert in the world, writes that the best drinking water contains a balance of essential minerals.

In his book The Water Puzzle and the Hexagonal Key, Jhon says that from a biological and medical point of view, de-mineralized water is simply not healthy to drink.

In fact, Japanese water experts consider de-mineralized water as “dead” water, while mineral-rich water is referred to as “living” water.

De-mineralized water is not found in nature. Nor does is promote growth or health of living organisms.

Best Drinking Water Qualities

If your priority is health and wellness, your best drinking water will have at least the first three of the following qualities—and optimally, all six:

Contaminant free. The water is filtered of unhealthy toxins, including synthetic chemicals, toxic metals, bacteria and viruses, radioactive substances, and other treatment additives such as chlorine and fluoride
Mineral rich. The natural occurring minerals in the source water are not removed through purification processes, such as reverse osmosis and distillation.
Alkaline pH. The drinking water has an alkaline pH between 7.0 and 9.5, which means that the water contains a healthy level of alkaline minerals such as calcium and magnesium.
Micro-clustered. Water that is electrolyzed or "reduced" will have smaller groupings of water molecules. Drinking reduced water can improve cellular hydration and cell-water turnover (i.e., nutrients into the cells and toxins out)
Anti-oxidant. Water that is ionized has a negative oxidation reduction potential (-ORP) and thus acts to neutralize free radicals in the body and slows the oxidation (i.e., aging) process in the body.
Good taste. If it doesn't taste good, you'll simply won't drink enough water to stay hydrated enough to optimize the health benefits.

Alkaline, Ionized Water Has All 6 Qualities

After many years of research and testing, I have found the type of water that best provides all of these qualities is alkaline, ionized water. It is produced by a home water filter system that sits on a counter top or is installed under the sink.

It is important to note that all alkaline water ionizers are NOT the same. Beware of marketing hype and misinformation online.

Proper Hydration Basics for Sports and Fitness

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Proper hydration is essential for anyone who exercises, but especially for athletes and fitness enthusiasts.

Since water is one of the most critical components of the body, even minimal dehydration can hinder your sports performance and ability to recover from any type of exercise.

The reason for this is simple: water composes about 75 percent of muscle tissue and about 10 percent of fatty tissue.

But more importantly, water regulates body temperature, aids digestion, protects vital organs, cushions joints, facilitates cellular communication, transports nutrients to the cells, and removes waste, including lactic acid (the primary cause of exercise-related muscle soreness).

Exercise Increases Water Loss

In one hour of exercise, the body can lose a quart or more of water, depending on the air temperature and exercise intensity. Thus, proper hydration before, during, and after exercise is critical for performance as well as health safety.

In addition to water loss, important electrolytes, electrically charged minerals in the body such as sodium, potassium and chloride, can be flushed out of the body through sweating during exercise.

Sports drinks are designed to replace electrolytes in the body and they do have their place in high-intensity or endurance exercise lasting longer than 60 minutes.

In addition, people who sweat profusely or who exercise in hot weather should consider some type of re-hydration drink that will replenish electrolytes.

However, commercial sports drinks do NOT replace the body’s essential need for water. In addition, I do not recommend sports drinks since they are highly acidic and full of sugar.

A healthier way to replace electrolytes in the body is to simply drink fruit juice (no sugar added) diluted 50/50 with water and add with one-half teaspoon of natural, unrefined sea salt per quart of juice.

For optimal results, the quality of fruit juice and salt you use is important. Thus, I recommend organic fruit juice and Celtic sea salt, Himalayan crystal salt, or Utah sea salt, since these salts not only contain sodium, but as many as 80 trace minerals.

This simple re-hydration drink can easily be prepared at home in minutes. I encourage parents to make it ahead of time and put it in an empty sports drink bottle (such as Gatorade or Powerade). Most children will never know the difference!

See Water vs Sports Drinks for more on this topic.

Proper Hydration to Prevent Heat Stroke

During exercise, if the body does not have enough water to cool itself, it will become dehydrated. In extreme situations, this can lead to heat exhaustion or even a heat stroke.

When even slightly dehydrated, the body will lack energy and muscles may also cramp during or after exercise. Recovery time will also be slower.

According to the American Council on Exercise, dehydration during exercise leads to muscle fatigue and loss of coordination. In fact, even a small amount of water loss may hinder performance.

Exercise physiologists and scientists have proven that just 2 to 3 percent hydration loss equates to about 10 to 15 percent decrease in endurance and muscle strength.

For example, at this level of dehydration for someone who normally runs the marathon in about 2 hours and 30 minutes, a 3 percent hydration loss could mean running 15 minutes slower!!

A 4 to 5 percent hydration loss equates to about 30 percent decrease in one’s capacity for physical exertion. For serious athletes, this is highly significant!

Tips for Sports Hydration

In order to prevent dehydration, anyone who exercises (especially athletes) should drink water before, during, and after the workout.

The following tips can help ensure your body has the hydration it requires for optimum exercise performance and recovery. These are general guidelines and may need to be increased for high-intensity or endurance activities or races.

If you are a serious athlete, you may want to weigh yourself before and after workouts to keep track of your fluid losses. Doing so will help you develop an individual hydration schedule.

Before Exercise

Drink at 16 ounces of water about two to three hours before exercising.
Drink 8 ounces of water about 30 minutes before exercising.

During Exercise

Drink 8 ounces of water every 15 to 30 minutes during exercise
If exercising longer than 60 minutes, drink about 12 ounces of a sports drink that contains a mixture of carbohydrates every 20 to 30 minutes.

After Exercise

Drink 8 to 16 ounces of water 30 minutes after exercise.
If you weighed yourself before exercise, weigh yourself again and drink 16 to 24 ounces of water for every pound of body weight lost.

Throughout the Day

Drink at least one-half to three-fourths of your body weight in ounces of clean water throughout the entire day.
Drink an additional 8 ounces of water for every cup of soda, coffee, tea, or alcohol consumed. These beverages are acidic and contribute to additional water loss in the body.

Important notes:

The body can only utilize about 12-16 ounces of water at one time. Thus, when rehydrating, drink 16 ounces of water every 30 to 60 minutes.
Drink water BEFORE you get thirsty. When you feel thirsty, you are already dehydrated. Thus, drink water regularly throughout the day.
In preparation for a sports performance, the time to really focus on proper hydration is the three days prior to the event.

Drinking Water and Weight Loss

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There is a close connection between drinking water and weight loss. I know it may be hard for some to believe, but clinical studies have proven there is a link.

In fact, I consider proper hydration to be the single most important factor in losing weight and improving one’s overall health.

I have worked with a number of weight-loss clients over the years who have struggled with drinking enough water each day.

I found that many of those clients were also the ones who experienced the greatest challenge in losing weight.

A few of the most important reasons that drinking water and weight loss are closely linked is because drinking enough water to stay fully hydrated can:

Suppress appetite naturally
Speed metabolism and
Increase calorie burning.

How Much Water to Drink for Weight Loss

How much water you drink depends on how much you weigh, how much you exercise, and whether you live in a hot or cold climate. When the temperature is hot or you sweat more during exercise, drink more water.

In general, I recommend getting about one half ounce of filtered drinking water per pound of body weight daily. For example, if you weigh 180 pounds, you would want to drink 90 ounces (or about three quarts).

Since our body can only utilize about 12 to 16 ounces of water at a time, there’s not much point in trying to drink more than that.

Depending on your level of activity, wait at least 30 minutes before drinking more. You can read more about drinking enough water daily to support weight loss.

Drinking Water and Weight Loss Tips

Drinking before, during and after meals. To optimize nutrient absorption from food, drink 16 ounces of water 30 to 60 minutes before each meal. Avoid drinking any beverages (especially ice cold drinks) during meals. Cold drinks and sugary drinks will inhibit digestion. If anything, it is best to sip filtered water or warm herbal tea during meals. Wait at least 30 minutes after a meal to start drinking water again. Drink your remaining daily quota in between meals.
Measure your water intake. Even if you think you are drinking “a lot of water,” measure your daily intake for a while. You might be surprised how much water you are actually drinking. The only way I am able to keep track of my water intake is to use a quart jar. My daily quota is two quarts, so it has been much easier for me to keep track of two quarts of water (rather than eight 8-ounce glasses, for example). As soon as you become fully hydrated and have established a daily water drinking habit, you will not need to measure your daily intake. However, it’s always a good idea to check it once in a while, especially if you notice any dehydration symptoms.
Try cold water between meals. Some studies indicate water that is lower than body temperature will help with weight loss. According to the researchers, water that is cooled to about 70° F increases the rate at which calories are burned. The reason for this is simple: the body has to use considerable amounts of energy to warm the cold water up to body temperature. I don’t recommend icy cold water, especially during meals, because it can inhibit the digestive process.

Juicing, Cleansing, and Cautions

Of course, the link between drinking water and weight loss is only one aspect of any good weight management program.

Another great way to increase your hydration and lose weight is by juicing. Juicing allows your body to utilize more nutrients from foods while minimizing calories.

Water also has cleansing effects on the body. It can help flush wastes and toxins from the digestive tract.

You can enhance these benefits by using natural cleansing products two to four times a year.

I have used many different cleansing products over the years, and these are the gentlest and most effective.

People with kidney conditions or other health issues where fluid intake must be limited should follow doctor's recommendations when dieting and/or before changing eating and drinking habits.

Water Nutrition The Foundation of Good Health

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In humans, water nutriton is fundamental to our health and life. Water is composed primarily of hydrogen and oxygen, and in most adults, 60 to 70 percent of our body weight is water.

Human beings can survive without food for up to forty days, but without water, our life would end in three to five days.

So what is the meaning of water nutrition?

According to the Merriam Webster Medical Dictionary, nutrition is the “act or process of being nourished.”

When we mention nutrition, most of us think of food. However, the beverages we drink are equally important for overall nutrition.

Clean water is, by far, the healthiest beverage to drink.

It is true that some of our body fluid needs can be obtained through other liquids and beverages, such as soup broths and juice.

We also get fluids from some fruits and vegetables that have high water content, such as melons, cucumbers, tomatoes and celery.

However, most of the water our body needs must come from drinking water. No foods or beverages will replace the need for plain H2O in the body.

Water is not only fundamental to the process of nourishment in the human body, it is one of the essential nutrients.

Water Helps with Food Nutrient Absorption

Water is not only critical as an essential nutrient itself, it aids in the transport and absorption of all other nutrients (including oxygen) into the cells.

Equally important, water helps remove metabolic waste and toxins from your cells and transports them through the pathways of detoxification.

If your cells are clogged with waste, far less nutrients will get through the cell membranes into the cells.

The nutrients we get from foods depend on water to help break down those foods into smaller units.

Thus, according to Batmanghelidj, it is essential to drink water BEFORE we eat solid foods. Doing so will also help prepare the digestive tract and provide adequate water for the entire process of nutrient absorption and waste elimination.

For optimum nutrient absorption and utilization, drink 8 to 16 ounces of clean, mineral-rich water about 30 minutes before a meal.

The amount of water you drink depends on your size, weight, and level of activity. You can read more here about how much water to drink.

After eating, it is best to wait at least an hour (preferably two) before drinking anything to allow the body to break down the foods.

Two hours or so after eating, the body will have used up most of its water reserves for breaking down food and will thus need more water.

This is one of the reasons so many people feel that mid-afternoon slump after lunch – we need more water!

Thus, before reaching for caffeine or sugar for a pick-me-up, try drinking 8 to 12 ounces of water then get up and move around.

Water's Functional Roles in the Body

Water also plays a dominant role in all physiological functions of the body. Just to name a few:

Body temperature regulation
Transfer and absorption of nutrients
Transport and removal of waste
Brain function and hormonal balance
Blood and lymph flow
Cushioning of the spine and joints.

According to Dr. Batmanghelidj, author of Your Body’s Many Cries for Water, “In order of importance, oxygen, water, salt, and potassium rank as the primary elements for the survival of the human body.”

Water, salt and potassium regulate the water content of the body.

“The body’s water supply is responsible for and involved in nearly every bodily process, including digestion, absorption, circulation, and excretion. Water is also the primary transporter of nutrients throughout the body and so is necessary for all building functions in the body,” writes Phyllis A. Balch in Prescription for Nutritional Healing.

Even though most of us think of food as our primary source of energy, water is actually our main source of energy at the cellular level.

In fact, every cell in our body is like a mini-hydroelectric plant. Water, salt, potassium, calcium and magnesium are the key elements for energy regulation as fluid passes in and out of the cells.

You can read more about the importance of cell water movement on this page.

Summary of Water Nutrition

While water nutrition is critical to health, the nutrients we get from food are obviously important also, as is the need for regular exercise or physical activity.

Over the past 40 years, I have explored and tried numerous health diets myself, including vegan, vegetarian, raw food, Ayurvedic, macrobiotic, Mediterranean, gluten-free, oil-free, and others. I have also helped many clients lose weight through customized healthy eating plans.

Even though my thoughts and beliefs have evolved over the years and may continue to change, there are some key elements of nutrition and healthy eating which I believe are universal and I will be sharing in an article series entitled “Healthy Food Nutrition.”

Health Benefits of Drinking Water The Healthy Cell Concept

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In order to appreciate the health benefits of drinking water, I have found it most helpful to look at health from the cellular level.

Scientists tell us that we have somewhere between 70 to 100 trillion cells in our bodies.

Common sense tells us that if we have healthy cells, we will have a healthy body.

So, what constitutes a healthy cell? I could write a whole book on this topic.

It is fascinating and inspiring to delve into the workings of the highly intelligent and complex functioning of the human body, especially at the cellular level.

However, to summarize, I believe the simplest answer to cellular health is this:

A healthy cell is one in which the nutrients can easily get into the cell and the toxins can efficiently get out.

Cell Water Turnover

This process is referred to as “cell water turnover” and I believe the efficiency of this process is the essence of physical health. Adequate hydration is obviously essential to cell water turnover.

Our cells need nutrients to survive. Not only is water the transport fluid for nutrients to get into the cells, water itself is a nutrient.

In fact, oxygen and water are the most important nutrients for the human body. Thus, water plays an important metabolic role in all functions in the body.

Eliminating waste is another one of the essential health benefits of drinking water and efficient cell water turnover. This is the factor that I think people overlook the most.

According to Dr. William J. Yarwood, who practiced natural healing and nutritional therapy with thousands of patients over 30 years:

“All diseases are nothing more than different expressions of toxicity."

He says it works like this: “Genetically, each of us has stronger and weaker areas in our bodies. As you accumulate toxins during your lifetime, your toxins congregate in the weakest areas of your body because that is where they get the least resistance.

“When enough toxins have accumulated in a part of your body, they will manifest themselves in the form of a disease that is indigenous to that part of the body.”

With rare exceptions, I believe optimal health ultimately comes down to the quality of the environment within the body. And that environment is primarily composed of water.

Living in a Fish Bowl

Over the years I have heard a number of health practitioners make the analogy of human health to living in a fish bowl. I like fish and, for some reason, the analogy always makes me smile, so I will share it here in case you haven’t heard it.

Think of the environment inside your body as a fish bowl and your cells are like the fish. If you’ve ever had an aquarium or fish bowl, you know that if you don’t change or filter the water regularly, the fish will die. Why is this?

Because fish eat and eliminate waste (as in cell water turnover). If the wastes in the water are not removed, they build up and can eventually choke the fish (our cells) to death.

When water is deficient, wastes build up in the fluid that surrounds the cells, preventing nutrients from getting into the cell.

When toxins accumulate, they can deprive the cells of oxygen and even cause cell mutation, a primary cause of cancer. Likewise, when water is lacking in your body, one of the first functions that is affected is detoxification.

All of the detoxification functions in the body—including breathing, sweating, urinating and defecating—require water.

However, the body is ingenious at adapting. When dehydrated, it will safely store toxins in various places in the body, such as in fatty tissue, in arterial deposits or in the joints.

In other words, it will store the toxins in safe places—away from the major organs. So our life is preserved in the short term, but the long-term health consequences are significant. Because those stored toxins are only "safe" for a while.

All Bodily Functions Are Affected by Water

As important as it is, efficient cell water turnover is only one of the numerous health benefits of drinking water daily. In addition to water, healthy foods nourish life and fuel energy.

Since most adult bodies are about 70 percent water, it is easy to comprehend how important water is.

You might be interested to know that babies are approximately 80 to 90 percent water and many elderly people are only 50 to 60 percent. This information, in itself, gives us a clue into the health benefits of drinking water for slowing the aging process.

Water regulates ALL the functions in the human body.Just a few of the most important functions include the following:

The flow of blood and lymph through the body
The functioning of our brains
The cushioning and regulation of organs
The transfer and absorption of nutrients into cells and tissues
The removal of waste out of the cells
The movement of nerve impulses through the nervous system
The balance of hormones
The regulation of body temperature
The lubrication and cushioning of joints

Specific Health Benefits of Drinking Water

As far as I am concerned, EVERY health condition, illness and disease is affected by water, as explained above.

Drinking enough pure water has been shown to help the body heal itself from many sicknesses, including:

General pain and inflammation in muscles and joints
Tension headaches and migraines
Tension headaches and migraines
Weight loss
Water retention
Skin problems, including acne, eczema and psoriasis
Gastrointestinal issues
Spinal problems
Hearing and sight problems
Dysfunction of the kidney or liver
Hormonal problems
Diabetes
Gall and kidney stones
Circulation issues
Cancers
Heart disease and strokes
Mental disorders and addictions
Impaired memory and brain function
Autoimmune disorders, such as Lupus and fibromyalgia

This is not to say that water alone will cure every disease. However, I do believe proper hydration is often the missing link and should be an essential part of every health program.

Reverse Osmosis Water Health Advantages

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The popularity of reverse osmosis water (R.O. water) has steadily grown since it was first introduced as a home water purification system in the 1970s.

In addition, the type of treated water most often used by bottled water companies is reverse osmosis water.

The R.O. water purification method involves forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane, which filters out a select number of water contaminants, depending on the size of the contaminants.

In general, if the contaminants are larger in size than water molecules, those contaminants will be filtered out. If the contaminants are smaller in size, they will remain in the drinking water.

Key Health Advantage

Many years ago I drank reverse osmosis water almost exclusively, believing that it was the best drinking water. However, since then I have discovered (through personal experience and research) that the health disadvantages outweigh the advantages.

The main health advantage R.O. water has over tap water is that an R.O. system removes some unhealthy contaminants.

A good R.O. system can remove contaminants such as arsenic, nitrates, sodium, copper and lead, some organic chemicals, and the municipal additive fluoride.

Convert hard water of boring and well into mineral water at your own home

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Reverse Osmosis پروجیکٹس

2015-04-24T23:40:00.000+05:00

کراچی ،لاہور، فیصل آباد،راولپنڈی سمیت پاکستان کے ہر شہر کی آبادی تیزی سے بڑھ رہی ہے جس کے باعث ٹاؤن پلاننگ کے وہ تمام منصوبے جو شہری یا صوبائی حکومتوں نے بنائے ہوتے ہیں کچھ ہی عرصے میں ناکافی ثابت ہوتے ہیں ایسے میں پینے کے صاف پانی کی فراہمی کے منصوبوں کے بارے میں کیا کہا جائے کہ جس کے لئے پہلے ہی مشہور ہے کہ تیسری عالمی جنگ پانی کے وسائل پر قبضے کے لئے ہی ہوگی۔ اور اس کے آثار ظاہر بھی ہونا شروع ہوگئے ہیں ۔بھارت اور پاکستان کے مابین کشمیر سے زیادہ نازک مسئلہ پانی کا ہے جس کا براہ راست اثر ملک کے ایک ایک شہری پر پڑتا ہے۔ صرف کراچی شہر میں ہی فلیٹوں کے چھوٹے بڑے سیکڑوں پروجیکٹس ہیں جہاں واٹر بورڈ کی لائن سرے سے موجود نہیں بلڈرز نے اپارٹمنٹس تو بنادئیے لیکن سرکاری پانی کی فراہمی ان کے اختیار میں نہیں تھی اور یہاں کے رہنے والے لوگ ٹینکرز کا پانی خریدتے ہیں ۔ ٹینکرز کا پانی گندہ بھی ہوتا ہے اور مہنگا بھی ٹینکرز کے پانی کی قیمت ایک روپے 20پیسے فی گیلن ہے ۔ جسے فلیٹوں میں رہنے والے باقاعدگی سے ادا کرتے ہیں۔ اور یہ معاملہ محض ان پروجیکٹس تک محدود نہیں ہے جنہیں کسی غیر معروف بلڈر نے بنایا ہو بلکہ وہ رہائشی کالونیاں جنہیں آرمی یا نیوی جیسے اداروں نے بنایا ہے وہاں بھی صورتحال کم سنگین نہیں ہے۔اس بات کی صداقت سے وہ لوگ بخوبی واقف ہیں جو یہاں رہتے ہیں۔محض ریٹائرڈ کرنل یا بریگیڈئیر ہی نہیں ان میں بڑے بڑے اثر و رسوخ والے لوگ بھی شامل ہیں لیکن تمام تر طاقت اور اختیار کے باوجود سب مل کر بھی پانی کا مسئلہ حل نہیں کر پارہے ۔چونکہ ان کے پاس پیسوں کی کمی نہیں اس لئے وہ پانی خرید سکتے ہیں ۔مگر کس قیمت میں ۔ ۔ ۔ ۔ ۔؟ اور کون سا پانی۔ ۔ ۔ ۔ ۔؟ ایک روپے بیس پیسے فی گیلن میں ٹینکر کا گندا پانی۔ ۔ ۔ ۔؟

یہ پانی وہ مجبوری میں خریدتے ہیں اور اسے پینے کے لئے استعمال نہیں کرتےکیونکہ کم و بیش ہر شخص یہ بات جانتا ہے کہ ٹینکر کا پانی پینے کے قابل نہیں بلکہ اگر وہ اپنی آنکھوں سے یہ دیکھ لیں کہ ہائیڈرینٹ پر پانی کی کمی کی صورت میں یہ ٹینکرز کہاں سے پانی بھر کر لاتے ہیں تو انہیں الٹیاں ہی لگ جائیں پینا تو دور کی بات وہ اسے برتن یا کپڑے دھونے کے استعمال میں بھی نہ لائیں جبکہ اس پانی سے نہانا بے شمار جلدی امراض کو دعوت دینا ہے۔یہ صورتحال تو عسکری کالونیز یا نیول کالونیز جیسی جگہوں کی ہے جہاں پیسے والے اور صاحب اختیار لوگ رہتے ہیں لیکن اگر ہم بات کریں عام پروجیکٹس کی تو پانی کے حوالے سے ان کی حالت کہیں زیادہ قابل رحم ہے ۔پرانی پرانی کثیر المنزلہ عمارتیں جہاں پینے کا پانی تو دستیاب نہیں لیکن جگہ جگہ سے سیورج کا پانی ضرور رس رہا ہے۔ جو طبیعت پر گراں گزرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ بے بسی کا احسا س الگ دلاتا ہے ۔

البتہ جب سے ROپلانٹ کی قیمتیں کم ہوئی ہیں اور لوگوں کو یہ بات سمجھ میں آنا شروع ہوگئی ہے کہ کس طرح ROپلانٹ لگا کر وہ اپنے پانی کے مسائل کو نہ صرف حل کرسکتے ہیں بلکہ منرل واٹر جیسی نعمت تقریباً مفت مین حاصل کرسکتے ہیں اور اتنی زیادہ حاصل کرسکتے ہیں کہ صرف پینا ہی نہیں بلکہ نہانے دھونے اور کھانا پکانے کے ساتھ ساتھ گارڈن کو پانی دینے کے استعمال میں بھی لاسکتے ہیں۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ اب کچھ بلڈرز نے اپنے ٹی وی پر چلنے والے اشتہارات میں بھی بہترین سیکیوریٹی ، پارک، اسکول، مسجد، جم، اور شاپنگ ایریا پہلے سے موجود جیسی خوبیاں بتانے کے ساتھ ساتھ اب “پروجیکٹ کا اپنا ROپلانٹ “جیسے الفاظ بھی استعمال کرنا شروع کردئیے ہیں ۔ اور بلڈرز ہی کیا اب حکومت نے بھی یہ بات اچھی طرح سمجھ لی ہے کہ دستیاب قدرتی وسائل کے ذریعے شہریوں کو پینے کا صاف پانی فراہم کرنا اب اس کے بس کی بات نہیں لہٰذا زمین میں بورنگ کرنے اور ROپلانٹ لگا کر کھارے پانی کو میٹھا بنا کر فراہم کرنے کے سوا حکومت کے پاس اور کوئی راستہ نہیں اسی وجہ سے اب ٹی وی پر حکومت سندھ کے مسلسل چلنے والے اشتہارات میں کراچی کے شہریوں کے لئےصرف ROپلانٹ کا ہی ذکر ہوتا ہے ۔ اور حکومت سندھ صرف یہی بتا رہی ہوتی ہے کہ اس نے کراچی کے لئے RO پلانٹ کے کتنے منصوبے بنا رکھے ہیں اور تھرپارکر کے پانی کے مسائل کو ROپلانٹ کے ذریعے کس طرح حل کررہی ہے۔ یہ علیحدہ بات ہے کہ بات محض اشتہارات تک ہی محدود ہے ورنہ لوگ چاہے کراچی کے رہنے والے ہوں یا تھر پارکر کے پانی کو ترس رہے ہیں ۔ حکومت کا کام نہ کرنا کوئی نئی بات نہیں تاہم یہ ضرور ہے کہ حکومت نے اپنے اشتہارات اور بلڈرز نے اپنے اشتہارات میں اس بات کا اعتراف ضرور کرلیا ہے کہ

Θ:آر او پلانٹ ہی وہ واحد ذریعہ ہے جو نہ صرف لوگوں کو مفت میں پانی فراہم کرسکتا ہے بلکہ منرل واٹر فراہم کرسکتا ہے۔

Θ:پینے کا صاف پانی زندگی کے لئے کس قدر اہم ہے ؟

Θ:آپ کو سیکڑوں قسم کی کن کن بیماریوں سےمحفوظ رکھتا ہے؟

Θ:کس طرح آپ کے حسن ،رنگت اور شادابی کو برقرار رکھتا ہے؟

Θ:کس طرح آپ کی عمر گھٹاتا ہے؟

ان سب چیزوں کی تفصیلات پڑھنے کے لئے یہاں کلک کیجئے۔

خیر جناب جن کی سمجھ میں ROپلانٹ کی اہمیت آگئی ہے وہ تو اپنا اپنا کام کررہے ہیں ۔

Θ:حکومتRO پلانٹ کا نام استعمال کرکے اپنی نیک نامی میں اضافہ کررہی ہے۔

Θ:بلڈرز اپنے پروجیکٹس کی اہمیت بڑھا رہے ہیں ۔

Θ:بزنس کرنے والے پلانٹ لگا کرپانی بیچ رہے ہیں اور پیسہ بٹور رہے ہیں ۔

Θ:جو کچھ نہیں کررہے انہوں نے بھی گھر میں ڈومیسٹک پلانٹ لگالئے۔

مسئلہ ان کا ہے جو اب بھی ROپلانٹ کی اہمیت سے واقف نہیں یا جو پرانے بنے ہوئے پروجیکٹس میں رہ رہے ہیں اور ہر ماہ یونین کو یا بلڈر کو مینٹیننس چارجز کی مد میں بھاری رقم ادا کرتے ہیں اور پھر بھی پینے کے صاف پانی سے محروم ہیں۔ ان کی محرومی کی ایک بڑی وجہ ان کا آپس میں اتحاد نہ ہونا بھی ہے۔ چونکہ پلانٹ لگانے میں بہرحال پہلی دفعہ ایک بھاری رقم ضرور خرچ ہوتی ہے جو کہ سب نے مل کر ہی ادا کرنی ہوگی ۔ اور یہ بات سب ہی جانتے ہیں ہمارے ملک میں اجتماعی مفاد کے لئے جہاں پیسا اکٹھا کرنے کی بات آئی وہیں کچھ لوگ ضرور کنجوسی کا مظاہرہ کرتے ہیں جس کے نتیجے کے طور پروہ لوگ بھی پیچھے ہٹ جاتے ہیں جو کہ اپنا حصہ ادا کرنے کو تیار تھے نتیجے کے طور سب ہی تکلیف دہ زندگی گزارتے رہتے ہیں ۔ اگر ان فلیٹوں میں رہنے والے ایک دفعہ ہمت کرکےچند لاکھ روپے کی انویسٹمنٹ کردیں تو ان کی باقی زندگی بہت آسان ہوسکتی ہے۔وہROپلانٹ کے ذریعے بورنگ کے کھارے پانی کو منرل واٹر میں تبدیل کرکےیہ منرل واٹر صرف20 سے30پیسے فی گیلن میں حاصل کرسکتے ہیں۔

انہیں پانی کی کمی کبھی نہ ہوگی بلکہ انہیں نہانے ،دھونے اور دیگر استعمال کے لئے بھی منرل واٹر دستیاب ہوگا۔پینے کے فوائد تو اپنی جگہ اگر اس پانی سے نہایا جائے تو چند ہی دنوں میں جلد اور بال نہایت خوبصورت ہوسکتے ہیں اور چہرے کی سرخی اور شادابی میں بھی بھر پور اضافہ ہوسکتا ہے۔

کمیونیٹی پلانٹ ایک بہترین کاروبار بھی ہے

اگر آپ ان فلیٹوں کی یونین یا ان کے بلڈر سے رابطہ کرکے انہیں پیشکش کریں کہ وہ صرف آپ کو جگہ فراہم کردیں اور آپ اپنے خرچ پر ان کے پروجیکٹس میں بورنگ کروا کر وہاں ROپلانٹ لگوادیں گے اور واٹر ٹینکر کے گندے پانی کے مقابلے میں انتہائی سستا منرل واٹر فراہم کریں گے تو ہر بلڈر اور ہر یونین اس پر تیار ہوجائے گی۔انہیں بھی کہیں زیادہ فائدہ ہوگا اور آپ کو بھی بوتلیں خریدنے ، بھرنے اور بیچے بغیر لاکھوں روپے مہینے کی بچت ہوگی۔آپ ان کی فراہم کردہ جگہ پر ROپلانٹ لگوائیں اور پلانٹ کے اس پائپ کو جہاں سے منرل واٹر باہر آرہا ہے ڈائریکٹ ان کے انڈر گراؤنڈ ٹینک میں ڈال دیں۔ ROپلانٹ پر لگا ہوا میٹر یہ بتا تا رہے گا کہ پلانٹ سے انڈر گراؤنڈ ٹینک میں کتنا پانی جا رہا ہے۔ بس اسی کے مطابق آپ ان سے حساب کتاب کرلیں۔ نہ برانڈ بنانے کی ضرورت، نہ کسی رجسٹریشن کی ، نہ بوتلیں خریدنے کی، نہ کسی محنت کی بس پلانٹ کا بٹن آن کیجئے اور نوٹ چھاپنا شروع کردیجئے۔

خراب پانی کے نقصانات

2015-04-24T23:15:00.001+05:00

آلودہ پانی انسانوں کا ایک بڑا قاتل ہے۔ ہر سال تیس لاکھ پاکستانی آلودہ پانی سے پیدا ہونے والی بیماریوں کا شکار ہو جاتے ہیں۔ ان میں سے بارہ لاکھ انسان اپنی زندگی سے ہاتھ بھی دھو بیٹھتے ہیں۔ جن میں دو لاکھ پچاس ہزار بچے شامل ہیں۔ ایک عالمی تجزیے کے مطابق صوبہ سندھ میں جوپانی عوام کو میسرہے‘ وہ انتہائی غیرمعیاری ہے۔ اسی طرح تجزیے سے ثابت ہوا کہ کراچی میں پینے کے پانی میں انسانی فضلہ ملا ہوتا ہے۔ طبی ماہرین کے مطابق صاف پانی کی فراہمی سے اسہال اور دیگر جراثیمی بیماریوں کی شرح پچاس فیصد کم ہو سکتی ہے۔

دیہات میں ندی نالوں‘ کنوؤں اور جوہڑوں کے پانی میں کسی نہ کسی طرح جانوروں کا فضلہ‘ پیشاب اور زمینی غلاظت شامل ہو جاتی ہے۔ اس لیے ایسا پانی بھی جراثیم سے پاک نہیں ہوتا۔ اس گندے پانی سے نظام ہضم کی کئی بیماریاں پھیلتی ہیں جن میں ٹائیفائیڈ بخار یا آنتوں کابخار اورہیضہ قابل ذکر ہیں۔ انتڑیوں کی سوزش‘ بدہضمی‘ گیس‘ معدے کا السر‘ اپھارہ‘ اسہال اور جوڑوں کا درد جیسے امراض بھی گندا اور ناقص پانی پینے سے لاحق ہو سکتے ہیں۔ اِن بیماریوں کی وجہ سے ہر سال لاکھوں جانیں ضائع ہوجاتی ہیں۔ عموماً یہ بھی دیکھا گیا ہے کہ شہروں میں ایک دم پیچش یا پیٹ درد یا قے کی شکایات سننے میں آتی ہیں۔ یہ پریشان کن صورت حال بھی گندے پانی کی وجہ سے جنم لیتی ہے۔

پانی کی اقسام
قدرتی پانی کی اقسام
⊗:بارش کا پانی
دو حصے ہائیڈروجن اور ایک حصہ آکسیجن یعنی H2Oصرف بارش کا پانی ہی H2O پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔ یعنی ”خالص پانی“ یہی ہے۔قدرتی حالت میں بارش کا پانی (اگر گرد و غبار سے پاک ہو) بھی خالص ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے علاوہ گلیشیئر پر جمی برف بھی خالص پانی ہی پر مشتمل ہوتی ہے۔ اس کے علاوہ کرہ ارض پر پایا جانے والا کوئی پانی خالص یعنی صرف H2O پر مشتمل نہیں ہوتا۔

⊗:دریا کا پانی
دریاؤں میں پانی بارش اور پہاڑوں پر جمی برف کے پگھلنے سے آتا ہے۔ بارش کاپانی جونہی زمین کی سطح سے ٹکراتا ہے تو مٹی میں موجود معدنیات (منرل) اس میں جذب ہونے لگتی ہیں۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ پہاڑی علاقوں سے گذرنے والے دریا میں معدنیات نسبتاً کم اور میدانی علاقوں سے گزرنے والے حصے کے دریائی پانی میں معدنیات نسبتاً زیادہ ہوتے ہیں۔ انہیں عرف عام میں نمکیات بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔ جبکہ انگریزی میں TDS جوکہ Total Dissolved Solidsکا مخفف ہے دریا کے اس حصہ میں سب سے زیادہ نمکیات یا TDS ہوتے ہیں، جہاں پر پانی سمندر میں گرتا ہے کیونکہ یہ پانی سب سے زیادہ زمینی سفر کرچکا ہوتا ہے۔ دریائی پانی میں غیر حل شدہ ذرات اور جراثیم بھی بہت زیادہ ہوتے ہیں۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ حکومتی ادارے انہیں سپلائی کرنے سے پہلے فلٹر کرکے تمام غیر حل شدہ Particles کو الگ کرلیتے ہیں اور جراثیم سے پاک کرنے کے لئے کلورین وغیرہ سے گذارتے ہیں۔ دریائی پانی میں عموماً 500سے 900 تکTDSپائے جاتے ہیں۔ جن میں سب سے زیادہ خوردنی نمک یعنی سوڈیم کلورائیڈ ہوتا ہے۔ سوڈیم اور کلورائیڈ کے علاوہ ، کیلشیم اور میگنیشیم ،(ان دو عناصر کی زیادتی سے پانی ”بھاری“ ہوجاتا ہے، جس میں صابن جھاگ نہیں دیتا یا بہت کم دیتا ہے اور انہی کی وجہ سے انسانی جسم میں پتھری بھی بنتی ہے) ہوتے ہیں۔ سلفیٹ زیادہ ہو تو پیٹ خراب ہوتا ہے۔
⊗:بورنگ کا پانی
بورنگ واٹریعنی ہینڈ پمپ یا کنویں کا پانی دریائی پانی سے زیادہ ”کھارا“ ہوتا ہے۔ اگر کسی کنویں یا ہینڈ پمپ کا پانی پینے میں ”میٹھا“ لگے یعنی اس میں ”کھاریت“ بالکل بھی نہ ہو تب بھی اس پانی میں1000سے1500 تک TDSہوتے ہیں۔ عام گاؤں دیہات کے لوگ تو ہلکا ہلکا کھارا پانی بھی پینے پر مجبور ہوتے ہیں، جس کا TDS دوہزارتک ہوتا ہے، جو کہ صحت کے لئے سخت مضر ہے۔
⊗:سمندرکا پانی
جیسا کہ سب جانتے ہیں، نہایت کھارا ہوتا ہے۔ سمندر کے مختلف علاقوں میں نمکیات کا تناسب مختلف ہوتا ہے پاکستان کے ساحلی علاقوں کے سمندری پانی کا TDSتیس پینتیس ہزار سے 90 ہزار تک ہوتا ہے ۔
⊗:پیٹرولیم واٹر
خام پیٹرول زمین میں بہت زیادہ گہری کھدائی کے ذریعہ حاصل کیا جاتا ہے۔ پیٹرول کے ساتھ قدرتی گیس اور پانی بھی نکلتا ہے۔ اس پانی میں TDS کی مقدار کرہ ارض میں سب سے زیادہ ہوتی ہے۔ جو ڈیڑھ لاکھ تک ہوتی ہے۔ یہ انسانی جسم پرتیزاب کی طرح لگتاہے۔ اس میں خالص چمڑے کے بنے جوتے بھی جلد ہی گل سڑ جاتے ہیں ۔
Treated پانی کی اقسام
⊗:نلکے کا پانی
جیسا کہ آپ اوپر دریا کے پانی کے ضمن میں پڑھ چکے ہیں کہ حکومتی ادارے انہیں سپلائی کرنے سے پہلے فلٹر کرکے تمام غیر حل شدہ Particles کو الگ کرلیتے ہیں اور جراثیم سے پاک کرنے کے لئے کلورین وغیرہ سے گذارتے ہیں۔اور یہ بھی کہ دریائی پانی میں عموماً 500سے 900 تکTDSپائے جاتے ہیں۔ لیکن جب یہ پانی پائپ لائنوں سے ہوتا ہوا گھروں میں سپلائی کیا جاتا ہے تو راستے میں کئی مقامات پر اس میں مختلف قسم کی آلودگی شامل ہوجاتی ہے گ۔ کراچی میں گھروں میں سپلائی ہونے والے پانی کے معیار کا اندازہ لگانے کے لئے آپ کبھی کلری جھیل تشریف لے جائیں آپ دیکھیں گے کہ گرد و نواح کے لوگوں نے سیورج کی لائینیں اسی جھیل میں ڈال رکھی ہیں، بسوں اور ٹرکوں کا دھلنا اور لوگوں کا نہانا تو عام سی بات کبھی کبھی مردہ جانوروں کی سڑتی ہوئی لاشیں بھی جھیل میں دکھائی دے جائیں گی۔بدقسمتی سے جھیل کا یہی پانی پینے کے لئے شہر کو سپلائی کیا جاتا ہے اور جس راستے سے یہ پانی گذرتا ہے جا بجا گٹر کی لائن اوپر اور پانی کی لائن نیچے چلتی ہوئی دکھائی دے گی ۔ترقیاتی کاموں کے دوران ان لائنوں کا اکثر ٹوٹ جانا اور سیورج کا پانی پینے کے پانی میں شامل ہو جانا عام مشاہدے کی بات ہے۔
واٹر بورڈ کا محکمہ جن پائپ لائنوں کے ذریعے گھروں تک پانی پہنچاتا ہے وہ زِنک، ازباٹوس ،لیڈز، اور آئرن کی ہیں جو کہ پانی میں کیمیکل ری ایکٹ کرتی ہیں مثلاً
Θآئرن کے پائپ سےنکلا ہوا پانی خون میں کینسر کا سبب بنتا ہے
Θلیڈز کے پائپ سے نکلا ہوا پانی ہمارے نروس سسٹم کو ناکارہ بنا دیتاہے
Θاور ازباٹوس کے پائپ سے نکلا ہوا پانی مختلف قسم کے کینسر کا سبب بنتا ہے ۔
اس کے علاوہ گھر کے اندر موجود انڈر گراؤنڈ ٹینک کی صفائی کے دوران آپ دیکھیں گے کہ ٹینک میں سےغلیظ بدبودارکیچڑبرآمد ہوگی۔ دراصل ہمارا انڈر گراؤنڈ ٹینک نہ صرف جراثیم کا گڑھ ہےبلکہ ہمارے خراب سسٹم کا منہ بولتا ثبوت بھی۔
گھروں میں سپلائی ہونے والا پانی اگر میٹھا ہے اور اس کا TDSاگر 500تک ہے تو HYDROTECH CORPORATIONکا ڈومیسٹک فلٹر پلانٹ اس کے TDSکو 300تک لا سکتا ہے اور یہ پینے کے لئے مناسب پانی ہوسکتا ہے. 6 افراد کی فیملی کے لئے دستیاب فلٹر پلانٹ6 ہزار میں ایک سال تک کی وارنٹی کے ساتھ دستیاب ہے ۔ جب کہ بہت اعلیٰ قسم کا ڈومیسٹک فلٹر پلانٹ لائف ٹائم وارنٹی کے ساتھ 10ہزار میں دستیاب ہے۔ لیکن اگر پانی کی کوالٹی بہت زیادہ خراب ہے تو پھر فلٹر پلانٹ کے بجائے مناسب ہوگا کہ ڈومیسٹک ROپلانٹ لگایا جائے جو کہ 25ہزار سے 40 ہزار میں مل جائے گا۔ ڈومیسٹک فلٹر پلانٹ یا ڈومیسٹک ROپلانٹ اپنے گھر پر لگوانے کے لئے آپ 03151214894 پر کال کرسکتے ہیں یا پھر رابطے کے صفحے پر جاکر ہمیں ای میل بھی کرسکتے ہیں۔

⊗:بوائل پانی
وہ گھرانے جو کہ غربت کی وجہ سے منرل واٹر نہیں خرید سکتے اور نہ ہی ان میں اتنی سکت ہوتی ہے کہ گھر میں ڈومیسٹک ROپلانٹ لگا سکیں یہاں تک کہ فلٹر پلانٹ لگانا بھی انہیں مہنگا عمل لگتا ہے لیکن وہ صاف پانی کی اہمیت سے آگاہ ہوتے ہیں وہ عموماً پانی کو بوائل کرکے پیتے ہیں تاہم یہ ایک خطرناک عمل ہے۔ اور جب ہم ابلے ہوئے پانی کو ٹھنڈا کرتے ہیں تو ہوا میں موجود پانچ میل تک پھیلے ہوئے بیکٹریا بھی اس میں شامل ہوجاتے ہیں۔بوائل کرنے پر پانی کے اوپر ایک لئیر آجاتی ہے جسے ہم گندگی یا جراثیم سمجھ کر پانی سے الگ کردیتے ہیں جب کہ درحقیقت یہی پانی میں موجود قدرتی منرلز ہوتے ہیں جنہیں ہم خود ہی نکال کر پھینک دیتے ہیں۔
اکثر نادان ڈاکٹر بھی پانی کو ابال کر پینے کا مشورہ دے دیتے ہیں جبکہ درحقیقت ڈاکٹر کی ریسرچ پانی پر نہیں ہوتی اور نہ ہی پانی ڈاکٹرز کا سبجیکٹ ہے۔ ایک بیمار آدمی کے لئے پھر بھی بوائل واٹر کسی حد تک ٹھیک ہے کیونکہ اس کی قوت مدافعت بہت کمزور ہوتی ہے لیکن ایک صحت مند شخص کے لئے یہ کسی طور مناسب نہیں۔
پانی کو عارضی طور پر ابال لینا تو ٹھیک ہے لیکن اس کا مستقل استعمال رفتہ رفتہ ہمارے نروس سسٹم کو ناکارہ کردیتا ہے اور ساتھ ہی جسم میں نمکیات کی کمی بھی واقع ہوجاتی ہے۔پانی میں قدرتی طور پر کیلشئیم ، پوٹا شئیم میگنیشئم اور آیوڈین جیسے منرلز شامل ہوتے ہیں جو کہ پانی ابالنے کی صورت میں ضائع ہوجاتے ہیں۔کیلشئیماور میگنیشئم ہمیں ہارٹ اٹیک اور ہارٹ اسٹروک سے محفوظ رکھتے ہیں جبکہ آیوڈین بچوں کی نشونما اور ان کی ذہنی گروتھ کے لئے انتہائی ضروری ہے۔اس کے علاوہ ہیپا ٹائٹس جیسا جان لیوا مرض جو کہ لاکھوں روپے خرچ کروانے کے باوجود بھی انسان کو موت کی وادی میں دھکیل دیتا ہے اور کینسر کے بیکٹریا بھی اس بوائلنگ کے نتیجے میں ختم نہیں ہوتے کیونکہ ہیپا ٹائٹس کا بیکٹریا 350 ڈگری جبکہ کینسر کا بیکٹریا 750 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ پر ختم ہوتے ہیں جبکہ ہمارے گھروں کا ٹمپریچر زیادہ سے زیادہ 100 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ ہی ہوتا ہے۔
مختصراً یہ کہ اگر آپ ایک قطرہ آئل اور ایک چٹکی مٹی یعنی ریت کو پانی میں شامل کرکے سارا دن پانی کو ابالیں تو آپ دیکھیں گے کہ آئل اور ریت پانی میں جوں کے توں موجود ہیں۔
⊗:فلٹرکا پانی
جیسا کہ آپ نلکے کے پانی کے ضمن میں پڑھ چکے ہیں گھروں میں سپلائی ہونے والا پانی اگر میٹھا ہے اور اس کا TDSاگر 500تک ہے تو HYDROTECH CORPORATION کا ڈومیسٹک فلٹر پلانٹ اس کے TDSکو 300تک لا سکتا ہے اور یہ پینے کے لئے مناسب پانی ہوسکتا ہے. 6 افراد کی فیملی کے لئے دستیاب فلٹر پلانٹ6 ہزار میں ایک سال تک کی وارنٹی کے ساتھ دستیاب ہے ۔ جب کہ بہت اعلیٰ قسم کا ڈومیسٹک فلٹر پلانٹ لائف ٹائم وارنٹی کے ساتھ 10ہزار میں دستیاب ہے۔دراصل فلٹر پلانٹ اس پانی کے لئے بہترین حل ہے اور سستا بھی جو کہ بہت زیادہ خراب نہیں ہے اور میٹھا بھی ہے اگر پانی زیادہ خراب ہے اور کھارا ہے تو پھر ضروری ہے کہ اسے ROپلانٹ سے ہی گزارہ جائے کیونکہ فلٹر پلانٹ ان پارٹیکلز کو تو پانی سے نکال سکتا ہے جو کہ پانی میں حل نہیں ہوئے لیکن ان پارٹیکلز کو نہیں نکال سکتا جو کہ پانی میں حل ہوچکے ہیں اور پانی کا حصہ بن چکے ہیں ۔ ساتھ ہی یہ بات بھی سمجھ لینا ضروری ہے کہ ہر ROپلانٹ میں فلٹریشن پلانٹ بھی شامل ہوتا ہے لیکن فلٹریشن پلانٹ میں ROپلانٹ شامل نہیں ہوتا۔
⊗:ROپلانٹ کا پانی
پانی چاہے کتنا بھی خراب ہو اس کا TDSکتنا بھی زیادہ ہو ROپلانٹ کے ذریعے اسے منرل واٹر میں تبدیل کیا جا سکتا ہے ۔ ROپلانٹ کے ذریعے پانی میں حل شدہ اور غیر حل شدہ دونوں قسم کے Particlesکو با آسانی پانی سے الگ کیا جاسکتا ہے اور پانی کا TDS اپنی مرضی کے مطابق رکھا جا سکتا ہے۔ عام طور پر بڑی بڑی کمپنیاں ROپلانٹ کے ذریعے ہی پانی کھارے پانی کو منرل واٹر میں تبدیل کرتی ہیں یہ RO پلانٹ لاکھوں کروڑوں کے بھی لگائے جاتے ہیں اور گھریلو ضرورت کے لئے کم از کم 25 ہزار اور زیادہ سے زیادہ ڈیڑھ لاکھ کا بھی لگایا جا سکتا ہے۔ آپ کے لئے کون سا ROپلانٹ مناسب ہوگا اس کے لئے ضروری ہے کہ پہلے آپ کے اپنے گھر کا پانی ٹیسٹ کروائیں جیسا کہ آپ اوپر پڑھ چکے ہیں کہ ہر ROپلانٹ میں فلٹریشن پلانٹ بھی شامل ہوتا ہے لیکن فلٹریشن پلانٹ میں ROپلانٹ شامل نہیں ہوتا۔ سب سے بہتر تو یہی ہے کہ گھر پر فلٹر پلانٹ لگانے کے بجائے ROپلانٹ لگایا جائے تاکہ ہر قسم کے خدشات سے بچ کر اپنے پوری فیملی کی صحت کو محفوظ بنا لیا جائے ۔6 افراد کی فیملی کے لئے دستیاب HYDROTECH CORPORATION کاڈومیسٹک RO پلانٹ25 ہزار میں ایک سال تک کی وارنٹی کے ساتھ دستیاب ہے ۔ جب کہ یہی ڈومیسٹک ROپلانٹ عمدہ کوالٹی میں اور لائف ٹائم وارنٹی کے ساتھ40ہزار میں دستیاب ہے۔ اپنے گھر پر ڈومیسٹک ROلگوانے کے لئے آپ 03151214894, 03022186426 پر کال کرسکتے ہیں یا پھر رابطے کے صفحے پر جاکر ہمیں ای میل بھی کرسکتے ہیں۔

⊗:برانڈڈپانی
کمرشل RO پلانٹ کے ذریعے سمندر کے کڑوے پانی یا بورنگ کے کھارے پانی کو صاف کرکے منرل واٹر میں تبدیل کیا جاتا ہے عرف عام میں جسےمنرل واٹر کہا جاتا ہے یہ بوتلوں میں دکانوں میں فروخت ہوتا ہے، اگر یہ برانڈڈ کمپنی کا ہو تو اس میں TDSکا لیول 300 یا اس سے کم رکھا جا تا ہے۔ یہ منرل واٹر عموماً بورنگ کے پانی سے ”تیار“ کیا جاتا ہے۔ پہلے اس پانی کو RO (یعنی Reverse Osmosis)پلانٹ سے گزار کر ڈسٹلڈ واٹر بنایا جاتا ہے یعنی تمام منرلز نکال باہر کئے جاتے ہیں، پھر اس میں ورلڈ ہیلتھ آرگنائزیشن کے مقرر کردہ معدنیات شامل کئے جاتے ہیں۔ اور اسے ہر قسم کی جراثیمی آلودگی سے پاک کیا جاتا ہے۔ ان معدنیات کی فہرست اور تناسب منرل واٹر کی بوتل پر لکھا ہوتا ہے۔
⊗:ڈسٹلڈ واٹر
جیسا کہ آپ اوپر قدرتی پانی کی اقسام میں پڑھ چکے ہیں کہ بارش کا پانی H2O پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔ اور اس کا TDSزیرو ہوتا ہے یہ پانی پیا تو جاسکتا ہے لیکن اس کا پینا اس لئے مناسب نہیں ہوتا کہ اس میں منرلز شامل نہیں ہوتے جو کہ انسان کی صحت کے لئے انتہائی ضروری ہیں درحقیقت زیرو TDSکا پانی ہی ڈسٹلڈ واٹر ہوتا ہے جو کہ انجکشن وغیرہ میں یا دواؤں کے بنانے میں کام آتا ہے ۔دوائیں بنانے والی کمپنیاں RO پلانٹ لگا کر بورنگ کے پانی کو زیرو TDSپر لاتی ہیں اور ڈسٹلڈ واٹر حاصل کرتی ہیں چونکہ ڈسٹلڈ واٹر میں نمکیات بالکل نہیں ہوتے اس لئے اس کا ذائقہ پینے میں ہلکا سا تلخ محسوس ہوتا ہے اور منہ میں ہلکا ہونے کے باوجود پینے میں مزہ نہیں آتا۔ اگر اس میں مناسب مقدار میں منرلز شامل کردئیے جائیں تو یہی پانی منرل واٹر بن جاتا ہے اور بوتلوں میں پیک کرکے پینے کے لئےفروخت کیا جاتا ہے

جراثیمی بیماریاں بالخصوص آنتوں کی سوزش‘ قبض اور بواسیر پھیلنے کا سب سے بڑا ذریعہ گندا پانی ہے۔ نلکوں کے پانی میں ایک تو پائپوں کے اندرجم جانے والی مٹی اور غلاظت شامل ہوتی ہے۔ دوسرے اس میں بعض اوقات گٹر کاپانی مل جاتا ہے۔ اس لیے نلکوں کے پانی کو خطرے سے خالی نہیں سمجھنا چاہیے۔