tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59911146036175867662024-02-20T17:18:11.806-08:00Courage CourseYour path to greater courageTom Heston MDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00894078883693599019noreply@blogger.comBlogger53125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-52655690917888119202016-09-27T17:50:00.002-07:002016-09-27T17:50:31.887-07:00Guilt and Moral Identity in Motivating Moral Cleansing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
After committing an immoral act, people tend to commit prosocial acts.
This is known as moral cleansing or moral compensation. Guilt and moral
identity were found in this study to facility moral cleansing. <a href="https://goo.gl/izK1Hm" rel="nofollow">Front Psychol. 2016;7:1317</a><br /><br /><i>Comment:
Some studies have found that holding your hand on a Bible, even if you
are an atheist, has the effect of getting people in touch with their
moral identity and subsequently cheat less [see the Netflix documentary (dis)Honesty]. Research like this study
hopefully will be able to come up with simple ways to increase moral
behavior in both individuals and in communities.</i></div>
Tom Heston MDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00894078883693599019noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-91638518489037830562016-08-26T09:39:00.002-07:002016-08-26T09:39:06.687-07:00The Association Between Insurance and Transfer of Noninjured Children From Emergency Departments.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Compared to children with health insurance, children without insurance
were more likely to be transferred from the emergency department to
another hospital, than to be admitted for inpatient care within the same
hospital. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27553479" rel="nofollow">Ann Emerg Med. 2016 Aug 20. pii: S0196-0644(16)30262-1.</a><br /><br /><i>Comment:
This is not supposed to happen according to ethical and legal
guidelines. There appears to be at least a subtle perhaps subliminal
effect upon clinicians. This emphasizes the need for universal health
insurance.</i></div>
Tom Heston MDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00894078883693599019noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-72419008608937081732016-08-24T09:10:00.000-07:002016-08-24T09:10:30.354-07:00Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide of Patients With Psychiatric Disorders in the Netherlands 2011 to 2014.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Euthanasia or assisted suicide in the Netherlands has been done for patients with psychiatric disorders and the primary health issue. Those undergoing euthanasia or assisted suicide for psychiatric disorders in the Netherlands are mostly women (70%), and of diverse ages (32% over 70, 44% 50 to 70, and 24% 30 to 50). Although consultation with other physicians was extensive, 24% of cases involved disagreement between the consultants. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26864709" rel="nofollow">JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Apr;73(4):362-8</a><br /><br /><i>Comment: The most troubling finding of this study was that 11% of cases did not get an independent psychiatric review prior to undergoing euthanasia or assisted suicide.</i></div>
Tom Heston MDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00894078883693599019noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-46615834836950589072016-08-19T17:56:00.002-07:002016-08-19T17:56:15.559-07:00Human Trafficking: a Form of Modern Day Slavery<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Human trafficking has been reported in all 50 US states, and includes
forced labor and sexual exploitation. The victims frequently present to
the hospital and medical clinics for treatment, providing an opportunity
for health professionals to intervene. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27537695" rel="nofollow">Ann Intern Med. 2016 Aug 9.</a><br /><br /><i>Comment:
The key here is awareness. By recognizing that modern day slavery
exists and remains too common, health care professionals are more likely
to recognize the victims and take action to help end the human
trafficking.</i></div>
Tom Heston MDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00894078883693599019noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-58927383689845611382016-08-13T19:30:00.002-07:002016-08-13T19:30:59.223-07:00Altruism in organ donation: an unnecessary requirement?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The authors of this article argue that altruistic motivation is not necessary in order to allow organ donations. <br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23538329?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">J Med Ethics. 2014 Feb;40(2):134-8</a> </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-58336573793537210472014-12-06T11:12:00.004-08:002014-12-06T11:12:40.558-08:00The Good and Bad of Medical Social Media<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
QUESTION: is social media a valuable outreach tool for physicians?<br />
<br />
METHODS: expert debate<br />
<br />
RESULTS:<br />
<br />
Dr Anne Marie Cunningham takes the view that physicians should have a strong social media presence. Physicians benefit from access to a global community of peers and leaders. <br />
<br />
Professor DeCamp argues that the use of social media places doctors at a professional and ethical risk and is essentially a waste of time. Social media makes it more difficult to maintain a distinction between the private and the professional aspects of a physician's life.<br />
<br />
CONCLUSION: Both experts agree that specific guidelines and guidance are needed to ensure that physicians optimally benefit from social media and avoid known risks.<br />
<br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24350316?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2013;43(4):318-22</a>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-1577105698806493962014-11-29T13:11:00.002-08:002014-11-29T13:11:50.711-08:00Harmful Research on Children<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Against Harmful Research on Non-Agreeing Children.</b></div>
BACKGROUND: The Code of Federal Regulations permits harmful research on children who have not agreed to participate.<br />
<br />
QUESTION: should harmful research be allowed on non-agreeing children? Do children have the right to not agree to be research subjects? Or are their parents the sole decision makers?<br />
<br />
DISCUSSION: pediatric research by its nature (investigation of the unknown) may result in harm to the research subjects. When children do not agree to participate, can their parents over-rule their decision? Currently, the answer to this question is "yes", however, the author of this article believes that the answer should be an unqualified "no." <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25257384?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bioethics. 2014 Sep 24;</a><br />
<br />
<br />
. </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-19307752060298758652014-11-09T14:34:00.000-08:002014-11-09T14:34:44.526-08:00Does the Government Pervert Bioethics?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td align="left"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25324975/"><src border="0" corehtml="" egifs="" http:="" http="" query="" www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov="" www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov-corehtml-pmc-pmcgifs-pubmed-pmc.gif=""></src></a> </td><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=25324975"></a></td></tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<b>The road being paved to neuroethics: A path leading to bioethics or to neuroscience medical ethics?</b></div>
In 2013, U.S. President Barack Obama started the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues. Concerns were expressed that <i>government involvement in bioethics may have unforeseen and possibly dangerous repercussions to medicine</i>.<br />
<br />
The author emphasizes that <b><span style="background-color: yellow;">the lessons of history chronicle that wherever governments have sought to alter medical ethics and control medical care, the results have frequently been perverse and disastrous, as in the examples of the communist Soviet Union and National Socialist (Nazi) Germany.</span></b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li> Soviet and Nazi doctors' dark descent into ghastly experimentation and brutality was a product of convoluted ethics and physicians willingly cooperating with authoritarianism <i>citing utilitarianism in the pursuit of the 'collective' or 'greater good.' </i></li>
</ul>
Thus in the 20(th) century, as governments infringed on the medical profession, even the Liberal Democracies have not been immune to the corruption of ethics in science and medicine. <br /><div>
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324975?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Surg Neurol Int. 2014;5:146</a> </div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-48054115747164584972014-10-18T15:40:00.003-07:002014-10-18T15:40:39.572-07:00Virtues and values in medicine revisited: individual and global health.<br />
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<b>Virtues and values in medicine revisited: individual and global health.</b></div>
In response to the call from an international panel for 'much needed rethinking' about the goals and purposes of the education of healthcare professionals, we suggest that there must be an explicit account of the <u>virtues</u> and <u>values</u> that will inform healthcare practice in the 21st century. We propose that a renewed emphasis is needed on reviving the well-honed clinical skills and humanistic attributes in medicine as crucial for optimum affordable (and sustainable) care of individual patients. <span style="background-color: yellow;">Analogous virtues should be linked to the quest for improving the health of whole populations, nationally and globally. </span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301909?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Clin Med. 2014 Oct;14(5):495-9</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-63882931953964666432014-10-18T15:34:00.001-07:002014-10-18T15:34:36.232-07:00How Does a Servant Leader Fuel the Service Fire?<table border="0" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody>
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<b>How Does a Servant Leader Fuel the Service Fire? A Multilevel Model of Servant Leadership, Individual Self Identity, Group Competition Climate, and Customer Service Performance.</b></div>
Building on a social identity framework, our cross-level process model explains how a manager's servant leadership affects front line employees' service performance, <i>measured as service quality, customer-focused citizenship behavior, and customer-oriented pro-social behavior</i>.<br />
<br />
Among a sample of 238 hairstylists in 30 salons and 470 of their customers, we found that hair stylists' self-identity embedded in the group, namely, self-efficacy and group identification, partially mediated the positive effect of salon managers' servant leadership on stylists' service performance as rated by the customers, after taking into account the positive influence of transformational leadership. Moreover, group competition climate strengthened the positive relationship between self-efficacy and service performance.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25314366?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">J Appl Psychol. 2014 Oct 13;</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-78411391139374294792014-04-30T13:45:00.001-07:002014-04-30T13:45:32.135-07:00Privacy protectionism and health information: is there any redress for harms to health?Health information collected by governments can be a valuable resource for researchers seeking to improve diagnostics, treatments and public health outcomes. Responsible use requires close attention to privacy concerns and to the ethical acceptability of using personal health information without explicit consent. Less well appreciated are the legal and ethical issues that are implicated when privacy protection is extended to the point where the potential benefits to the public from research are lost. <span style="background-color: yellow;"><i>Balancing these issues is a delicate matter for <b>data custodians</b>.</i></span> This article examines the legal, ethical and structural context in which data custodians make decisions about the release of data for research. It considers the impact of those decisions on individuals. While there is strong protection against risks to privacy and multiple avenues of redress, there is no redress where harms result from a failure to release data for research.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24597394?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">J Law Med. 2013 Dec;21(2):473-85</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-39813690540065808682014-03-28T13:26:00.002-07:002014-03-28T13:26:32.326-07:00The Harm of Bioethics: ObesityDebate concerning the social impact of obesity has been ongoing since at least the 1980s. Bioethicists, however, have been relatively silent. If obesity is addressed it tends to be in the context of resource allocation or clinical procedures such as bariatric surgery. However, prominent <span style="background-color: yellow;">bioethicists Peter Singer and Dan Callahan have recently entered the obesity debate to argue that obesity is not simply a clinical or personal issue <b>but an ethical issue with social and political consequences.</b> </span>This article critically examines two problematic aspects of Singer and Callahan's respective approaches. First, there is an uncritical assumption that individuals are autonomous agents responsible for health-related effects associated with food choices. In their view, individuals are obese because they choose certain foods or refrain from physical activity. However, this view alone does not justify intervention. Both Singer and Callahan recognize that individuals are free to make foolish choices so long as they do not harm others. It is at this point that the second problematic aspect arises. To interfere legitimately in the liberty of individuals, they invoke the harm principle. I contend, however, that in making this move both Singer and Callahan rely on superficial readings of public health research to amplify the harm caused by obese individuals and ignore pertinent epidemiological research on the social determinants of obesity. I argue that the mobilization of the harm principle and corresponding focus on individual behaviours without careful consideration of the empirical research is itself a form of harm that needs to be taken seriously.<br />
<br />
24654913 <br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24654913?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Bioethics. 2014 Mar 24;</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-43813253280159264682014-03-20T13:09:00.000-07:002014-03-20T13:09:17.085-07:00Hashtag bioethics.When I first started at the Center, I approached our public affairs and communications manager to see if I could help bolster our Twitter presence. I saw social media as having a potential to reach people in a way academic papers and conferences never could. My own desire to see knowledge of bioethical issues seep into the general public's consciousness fueled this optimistic view. Twitter seemed to be an especially effective method of widening the reach of bioethics. It would help create a wider Hastings Center community by spreading knowledge and creating a new forum for discussion. But Twitter has its limits.<span style="background-color: yellow;"> I believe new media provides more fluid ways of communicating, but can 140 characters inspire anyone to read and think more about the value of a family's wishes against the costs of keeping a legally dead person on a ventilator?</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24634050?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Hastings Cent Rep. 2014 Mar;44(2)</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-14637151697869449622014-03-18T16:42:00.002-07:002014-03-18T16:42:48.841-07:00The influence of transformational leadership on employee well-being: results from a survey of companies in the information and communication technology sector in Germany.<b>HYPOTHESIS</b>: a transformational leadership style improves employee well-being.<br />
<br />
<b>METHODS</b>: the employees of six German companies were analyzed.<br />
<br />
<b>RESULTS</b>: 318 employees (response rate 58) found a significant relationship between transformational leadership and employee well-being.<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: yellow;"><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>: a transformational leadership style has a positive effect on employee well-being.</span><br />
<br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23836019?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">J Occup Environ Med. 2013 Jul;55(7):772-8</a><br />
<br />
COMMENT: <a href="http://goo.gl/x4OjhW" rel="nofollow">transformational leadership</a> attempts to instill more meaning and value in work and in employees. <a href="http://abt.cm/Oun2h7" rel="nofollow">http://abt.cm/Oun2h7</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-28051032645156274732014-03-15T14:13:00.000-07:002014-03-15T14:13:32.573-07:00Science in the Service of Patients: Lessons from the Past in the Moral Battle for the Future of Medical Education.Medical schools instill a classic moral standoff in which <span style="background-color: yellow;">the responsibility for the betterment of the patient stands at odds with the responsibility for the betterment of society</span>. In critical ways, the latter, in the form of a robust research and technology-driven enterprise, has taken precedence over the former, resulting in harm to patients and individual dignity. This tradeoff can be traced to Abraham Flexner, the father of American medical education. In the wake of the Flexner report, American medicine set out on a course of exponential scientific advancement, but the mistreatment of research subjects and the erosion of the doctor-patient relationship in a health care system that is increasingly unaffordable, complex, and impersonal suggest that such progress has come at a price.<span style="background-color: yellow;"> Recent efforts by medical schools to emphasize humanism in their curricula and admissions processes have shown promise in orienting the values of academic medicine toward the individual patient's well-being.</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24600339?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Yale J Biol Med. 2014 Mar;87(1):79-89</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-24082838839749021792014-03-15T14:12:00.000-07:002014-03-15T14:12:06.235-07:00Antagonistic neural networks underlying differentiated leadership roles.<span style="background-color: yellow;">The emergence of two distinct leadership roles, <b>the task leader and the socio-emotional leader</b>, has been documented in the leadership literature since the 1950s.</span> Recent research in neuroscience suggests that the division between task-oriented and socio-emotional-oriented roles <span style="background-color: yellow;">derives from a fundamental feature of our neurobiology: an antagonistic relationship between two large-scale cortical networks - the task-positive network (TPN) and the default mode network (DMN)</span>. Neural activity in TPN tends to inhibit activity in the DMN, and vice versa. The TPN is important for problem solving, focusing of attention, making decisions, and control of action. The DMN plays a central role in emotional self-awareness, social cognition, and ethical decision making. It is also strongly linked to creativity and openness to new ideas. <span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="background-color: yellow;">Because activation of the TPN tends to suppress activity in the DMN, an over-emphasis on task-oriented leadership may prove deleterious to social and emotional aspects of leadership</span></b></span>. Similarly, an overemphasis on the DMN would result in difficulty focusing attention, making decisions, and solving known problems. In this paper, we will review major streams of theory and research on leadership roles in the context of recent findings from neuroscience and psychology. We conclude by suggesting that emerging research challenges the assumption that role differentiation is both natural and necessary, in particular when openness to new ideas, people, emotions, and ethical concerns are important to success.<br />
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<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24624074?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:114</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-8087957206971262462014-03-13T09:43:00.003-07:002014-03-13T09:43:55.853-07:00Cripping safe sex : Life Goes On's queer/disabled alliances.<span style="background-color: yellow;">Life Goes On (1989-1993) was the first television series in U.S. history not only to introduce a recurring teenaged HIV-positive character but also to feature an actor with Down syndrome</span> in a leading role. Drawing new connections among disability studies, queer theory, and bioethics, I argue that Life responded to American disability rights activism and the AIDS epidemic of the early 1990s by depicting sex education as disability activism. By portraying fulfilling sexual relationships for its disabled protagonists,<span style="background-color: yellow;"> Life challenged heteronormative and ableist underpinnings of marriage, sexuality, reproduction, and sex education and imagined transgressive queer/disabled alliances that often surpassed those of activists of its cultural moment. </span>By representing homophobia, AIDS-phobia, and ableism as intertwined oppressions, the series conjured an expansive vision of<span style="background-color: yellow;"> sexual justice</span> and pleasure, one that included and united teenagers, intellectually disabled people, and seropositive people-populations whose sexualities have generally been regarded as pathological or nonexistent.<br />
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180332?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">J Bioeth Inq. 2012 Sep;9(3):317-26</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-4249957062848566862014-03-13T09:41:00.001-07:002014-03-13T09:41:48.648-07:00Leading from the middle: Constrained realities of clinical leadership in healthcare organizations.In many developed-world countries, there have been efforts to increase the 'leadership capacity' of healthcare professionals, particularly lower-status staff without formal managerial power.<span style="background-color: yellow;"> Creating frontline 'leaders' is seen as a means of improving the quality of healthcare, but such efforts face considerable challenges in practice. </span>This article reports on a qualitative, interview-based study of 23 staff in two UK operating theatre departments, mostly nurses by professional background, who were given formal leadership responsibilities by their hospitals and redesignated as 'team leaders' and 'theatre co-ordinators'. While participants were familiar with leadership theory and could offer clear accounts of good leadership in practice, they were often limited in their ability to enact their leadership roles. Professional and managerial hierarchies constrained participants' leadership capacity, and consequently the exercise of leadership rested on alignment with managerial relationships and mandates. The findings highlight difficulties with accounts of leadership as something to be distributed across organizations; in healthcare organizations, established institutional structures and norms render this approach problematic. Rather,<span style="background-color: yellow;"> if fostering leadership capacity is to have the transformational effect that policymakers desire, it may need to be accompanied by other, wider changes that attend to institutional, organizational and professional context.</span> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23060359?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Health (London). 2013 Jul;17(4):358-74</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-77451741903541288592014-03-13T09:39:00.004-07:002014-03-13T09:39:58.678-07:00Textual practices in crafting bioethics cases.Bioethics case reports generally treat aspects of <b><span style="background-color: yellow;">moral fathomability</span></b>, characterised and addressed in different ways. This paper reads the case as a textual model of scenarios and draws attention to its structure, narrative shape, linguistic register, and the effects of tone and temporality on reader expectation and responsiveness. <span style="background-color: yellow;">Such textual elements of case composition reflect authorial purpose and influence the interpretation, including moral and ethical interpretation, of bioethics cases.</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23188397?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">J Bioeth Inq. 2012 Dec;9(4):395-401</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-17275206791032830732014-03-11T13:16:00.002-07:002014-03-11T13:16:53.510-07:00Consent, competence and lies to children<br />
This article addresses issues related to informed consent and autonomy in pediatric patients. The authors recommend getting involvement of the child using open-ended conversations. <a href="http://goo.gl/TKyMvU" rel="nofollow">J Law Med. 2013 Dec;21(2):265-72</a><br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-14262012329320399692014-03-10T08:46:00.003-07:002014-03-10T08:46:53.919-07:00Who owns your body? <br />
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<b>Who owns your body? Patricia Piccinini and the future of bioethics.</b></div>
J Law Med. 2013 Dec;21(2):370-8<br />
<div style="display: none;">
Authors: Rimmer M</div>
<br /> This article analyses some popular cultural representations of biotechnology, especially the artistic work of the Australian artist Patricia Piccinini to reflect on the role of law, technology and ethics in relation to bodily material. Her view that "with creation...comes an obligation to care for the result", so evident in her poignant pictures, is <span style="background-color: yellow;">a sober reminder to us of our responsibilities in regulating new technologies.</span><br /> <br />
24597387 <br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24597387?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Read More</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-82145610912180435962014-03-10T08:46:00.000-07:002014-03-10T08:46:10.870-07:00Global pharmacogenomics: Where is the research taking us?<br />
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<b>Global pharmacogenomics: Where is the research taking us?</b></div>
Glob Public Health. 2014 Feb 28;<br />
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Authors: Olivier C, Williams-Jones B</div>
<br /> Pharmacogenomics knowledge and technologies, which couple genomics information with pharmaceutical drug response, have been promised to revolutionise both drug development and prescription. <span style="background-color: yellow;">One notable promise of pharmacogenomics is</span> the potential to contribute to some of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), namely <span style="background-color: yellow;">to increase justice in global health by incentivising public research laboratories and pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs for populations (e.g., in low- and middle-income countries)</span> that have been neglected by the traditional drug development model. To evaluate the credibility of this promise, we examined - both quantitatively and qualitatively - those scientific papers indexed in PubMed and published between 1997 and 2010, with a view to describing the major orientations and tendencies characterising the development of pharmacogenomics research. Our results demonstrate that pharmacogenomics research has focused on three major non-communicable categories of disease: cancer, depression and other psychological disorders and cardiovascular and coronary heart disease. Few publications - and thus, by extension, little scientific interest - concerned orphan diseases, infectious diseases or maternal health, indicating that pharmacogenomics research over the last decade has replicated the well-known 90/10 ratio in drug development. <b><span style="background-color: yellow;">As such, we argue that research in the field of pharmacogenomics has failed in its promise to contribute to the MDGs by reducing global health inequalities.</span></b><br /> <br />
24580118 <br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24580118?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Read More</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-62582087728319945022014-03-08T09:57:00.000-08:002014-03-08T09:57:00.365-08:00Relationship between Career Motivation and Perceived Spiritual Leadership in Health Professional Educators: A Correlational Study in Iran.<br />
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<b>Relationship between Career Motivation and Perceived Spiritual Leadership in Health Professional Educators: A Correlational Study in Iran.</b></div>
Glob J Health Sci. 2014;6(2):145-54<br />
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Authors: Sadeghifar J, Bahadori M, Baldacchino D, Raadabadi M, Jafari M</div>
<br /> BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Career motivation in university educators through efficient ways and appropriate with the educational system, is considered one of the important factors affecting education of students and their competence. This study aimed to determine the relationship between career motivation and spiritual leadership among a university of medical sciences in the west, Iran.<br /> METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional correlation study was conducted among the university educators of medical sciences in the west, Iran in 2012. All of the educators (N=230) were selected and recruited according to census method. The data were collected by two established self-completed questionnaires on spiritual leadership (SL) and career motivation. Data were analyzed statistically by parametric tests: Pearson correlation, independent student t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).<br /> RESULTS: The Pearson correlation test identified a significant relationship between educators' career motivation and vision, altruistic love, hope/faith, meaning/calling and membership dimensions of spiritual leadership (p<0.05). The independent t-test detected a significant relationship between the 'hope/faith' (p=0.04) and organizational commitment (p=0.004) dimensions and the gender of educators. ANOVA revealed significant differences in educators' years of work experience and their overall career motivation (p=0.003) and the dimension of 'membership' (p<0.04). <b><span style="background-color: yellow;">A significant relationship was found in 'altruistic love' and 'Hope/faith', and the educators' academic rank place in the university (p=0.03)</span></b>. Also a significant relationship was found in 'vision' (p=0.03) and 'altruistic love' (p=0.002) and 'membership' (p=0.04) dimensions, and the type of faculty.<br /> CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the dimensions of existence of spiritual leadership may have a positive relationship with educators' career motivation.<br /> <br />
24576374 <br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24576374?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Read More</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-26172350336451056742014-03-07T09:55:00.000-08:002014-03-07T09:55:00.217-08:00Evaluation of the Patient Safety Leadership Walkabout programme of a hospital in Singapore.<table border="0" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody>
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<b>Evaluation of the Patient Safety Leadership Walkabout programme of a hospital in Singapore.</b></div>
Singapore Med J. 2014 Feb;55(2):78-83<br />
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Authors: Lim RB, Ng BB, Ng KM</div>
<br /> INTRODUCTION: The<b><span style="background-color: yellow;"> Patient Safety Leadership Walkabout (PSLWA) programme</span></b> is a commonly employed tool in the West,<span style="background-color: yellow;"> in which senior leaders visit sites within the hospital that are involved in patient care to talk to healthcare staff about patient safety issues</span>. As there is a lack of perspective regarding PSLWA in Asia, we carried out an evaluation of its effectiveness in improving the patient safety culture in Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.<br /> METHODS: A mixed methods analysis approach was used to review and evaluate all documents, protocols, meeting minutes, post-walkabout surveys, action plans and verbal feedback pertaining to the walkabouts conducted from January 2005 to October 2012.<br /> RESULTS: A total of 321 patient safety issues were identified during the study period. Of these, 308 (96.0%) issues were resolved as of November 2012. Among the various categories of issues raised, issues related to work environment were the most common (45.2%). Of all the issues raised during the walkabouts, 72.9% were not identified through other conventional methods of error detection. With respect to the hospital's patient safety culture, 94.8% of the participants reported an increased awareness in patient safety and 90.2% expressed comfort in openly and honestly discussing patient safety issues.<br /> CONCLUSION: <span style="background-color: yellow;">PSLWA serves as a good tool to uncover latent errors before actual harm reaches the patient.</span> If properly implemented, it is an effective method for engaging leadership, identifying patient safety issues, and supporting a culture of patient safety in the hospital setting.<br /> <br />
24570316 <br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24570316?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Read More</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991114603617586766.post-87100485729429498162014-03-07T08:42:00.001-08:002014-03-07T08:42:23.253-08:00Strengthening responses to the HIV/AIDS pandemic: an internal evaluation of the Caribbean Health Leadership Institute.<table border="0" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left"><a href="http://www.educationforhealth.net/article.asp?issn=1357-6283;year=2012;volume=25;issue=1;spage=24;epage=32;aulast=Umble"><src border="0" corehtml="" egifs="" http:="" http="" query="" www.educationforhealth.net-images-linkout.gif="" www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov=""></src></a> </td><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=23787381"></a></td></tr>
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<b>Strengthening responses to the HIV/AIDS pandemic: an internal evaluation of the Caribbean Health Leadership Institute.</b></div>
Educ Health (Abingdon). 2012 Jul;25(1):24-32<br />
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Authors: Umble K, Bain B, Ruddock-Small M, Mahanna E, Baker EL</div>
<br /> BACKGROUND: Leadership development is a strategy for improving national responses to HIV/AIDS. <span style="background-color: yellow;">The University of the West Indies offers the Caribbean Health Leadership Institute (CHLI) to enhance leaders' effectiveness and responses to HIV/AIDS through a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.</span> CHLI enrolls leaders in annual cohorts numbering 20-40.<br /> OBJECTIVES: To examine how CHLI influenced graduates' self-understanding, skills, approaches, vision, commitments, courage, confidence, networks, and contributions to program, organizational, policy, and systems improvements. Methods: Web-based surveys and interviews of graduates.<br /> RESULTS: CHLI increased graduates' self-understanding and skills and strengthened many graduates' vision, confidence, and commitments to improving systems. It helped graduates improve programs, policies, and systems by: motivating them and giving them ideas for changes to pursue, encouraging them to share their vision, deepening skills in areas such as systems thinking, policy advocacy, and communication, strengthening their inclusion of partners and team members, and influencing how they interacted with others. Training both HIV-focused and general health leaders can help both kinds of leaders foster improvements in HIV services and policies.<br /> DISCUSSION: Learners greatly valued self-assessments, highly interactive sessions, and the opportunity to build a network of professional colleagues. Projects provided opportunities to address substantive issues and immediately apply learning to work. Leadership development evaluations in the United States have also emphasized the complementary benefits of assessment and feedback, skills development, and network development. <span style="background-color: yellow;">Global leadership programs should find ways to combine these components in both traditional face-to-face and distance-learning contexts.</span><br /> <br />
23787381 <br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23787381?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Read More</a> Unknownnoreply@blogger.com