ICT for Myanmar in English

Migrating Azure API Management to STv2: A Practical Guide

noreply@blogger.com (Mr.blogger) — Sat, 22 Jun 2024 06:36:00 +0000

If you're using Azure API Management (APIM) services, you've likely seen this message: "Support for the single-tenant v1 (STv1) platform ends on 8/31/24. Migrate instances before that date to the new platform version (STv2) for continued support and access to new features."

This announcement highlights the urgency of migrating to STv2. To ensure a smooth transition, it's crucial to analyze our architecture, understand technical constraints, explore possible approaches, and assess risks. Here’s a summarized guide on how I managed the migration using the VNET-injection method.

My Case: APIM with Dedicated Public IP and Subnet

Configuration:

APIM with a dedicated public IP and a dedicated subnet.
Assigned private IP with NAT in a controlled VNET.
Need to maintain IP addresses and DNS.

Issues:

APIM migration requires a new public IP, new subnet with private IP, new DNS, and new NSG.
APIM instances acquire IP addresses randomly, complicating existing firewall rules, NSG, and NAT configurations.

Options:

In-Place Migration
Parallel Setup

Target:

In-Place Migration with the ability to roll back to the original subnet with NAT IP.

Migration Process

Before Migration:

Take screenshots of every configuration of APIM STv1 instances.
Create a new public IP, new subnet, new NSG, and new DNS for the APIM STv2 instances.

During Migration:

Release and migrate the APIM STv1 instance to the new subnet.
Create dummy NICs in the original subnet before the IP address of the APIM instance. For example, create 5 dummy NICs to get IPs from 10.10.10.5 to 10.10.10.9 if the APIM instance needs to acquire 10.10.10.10 (Azure reserves 10.10.10.1 to 10.10.10.4 by default).
Once the dummy NICs are provisioned and occupy the IP addresses in the original subnet, wait for the APIM upgrade to STv2 (this took about 45 minutes).
Move the APIM STv2 instance back to the original subnet and ensure it gets the previously assigned IP address.
Verify that the APIM STv2 instance has the original IP. This avoids modifying firewall rules, NAT, and NSG if all steps go well.
Test all your application APIs to ensure successful migration.

In my case, the migration was completed in less than 4 hours with no issues. Remember to delete any resources created temporarily for migration to avoid unnecessary costs.

Automation and Final Thoughts

I highly recommend automating the migration using Infrastructure-as-Code, especially for provisioning dummy NICs to ensure the APIM instance retains its IP address. In my scenario, the APIM IP was assigned as the first available IP in the subnet, requiring minimal dummy NIC creation. However, if your APIM instance uses the last available IP in your subnet, automation will be crucial to save time.

Conclusion:

The cloud environment is rapidly evolving. Migrating to STv2 ensures continued support and access to new features. This guide offers a practical approach to migrating APIM to STv2 without impacting users. Stay updated and leverage the latest cloud innovations for optimal performance.

For more details, visit the Microsoft documentation.

Thank you.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Unable to access Ingress Controller in Azure AKS issue

noreply@blogger.com (Mr.blogger) — Thu, 02 Jun 2022 13:04:00 +0000

I've upgraded my AKS nodes in Cluster last night.

After upgraded both nodes, all my apps went down and all my internal load balancers was not able to access.

Spending many hours in troubleshooting and ends up with the miserable findings of root caused.

That's it....

The Resource Tagging used in my Cluster and it's resource has exceed more than 50 tags.

Microsoft recommendation is to maintain the tags less than 20.

After I've removed over 30 tags and refresh the nodes then only all my resources are back up online as well as the applications.

Currently, the resource sync the tags with cluster are below,

AKS Cluster itself

Router Table

Pubic IP

Load Balancer

Network Security Group

Virtual Network

AKS managed kubelet msi

AKS managed addon msi

Private DNS zone

Private endpoint

So, beware this when you have more than 50 tags on your AKS Cluster.

Cheer!

Have a good day.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Staying Home? Get paid for surfing the web!

noreply@blogger.com (Mr.blogger) — Sun, 25 Jul 2021 11:15:00 +0000

Staying Home? Get paid for surfing the web! You can earn some passive money by using below browser on your mobile phone, table and computer. Just try it during this globally impacted COVID-19 situation. https://cryptotabbrowser.com/landing/57/25117657 What you need to do is download the CryptoTab Browser in above link and use it as default browser on your gadegets then get paid. That's all. Thanks. Have fun!

How to copy file from TFTP server via vrf enabled interface in Cisco Devices?

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Thu, 21 Feb 2019 05:33:00 +0000

TFTP server is sitting in subnet which can reach via global routing table and your network devices is configured OOB with vrf routing.

You have no other ways to copy your files to your device except from TFTP server.

What will you do then? 😊

Leaking vrf to global routing or vice versa?

The answer is ...

configure terminal

ip tftp source-interface (Your OOB interface IP)

You’re done.

Cheer!

Have a good day.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

PAN OS API Key problem after upgrade from 7 to 8

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Fri, 14 Dec 2018 04:18:00 +0000

When you use External Block List for Malicious IP with your PaloAlto, you need API Key for your server to refresh the list whenever you update the content.

The API key syntax for PAN OS 7 and 8 is different and it will take your time after you upgrade PAN OS.

So here is the solution what I've tested.

Syntax for 7 is

https://<firewall IP>/api/?type=op&cmd=<request><system><external-list><refresh><name>Type

your EBL Name Here</name></refresh></external-list></system></request>&key="API Key"

Syntax for 8 is

https://<firewall ip>/api/?type=op&cmd=<request><system><external-list><refresh><type><ip>

<name>Type your EBL Name Here</name></ip>

</type></refresh></external-list></system></request>&key="API Key"

Have fun with PAN OS.

Thanks.

Have a good day!

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Why is this ransomware attack different?

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Sun, 14 May 2017 12:03:00 +0000

Unlike other ransomware families, the WannaCry strain does not spread via infected e-mails or infected links. Instead, it takes advantage of a security hole in most Windows versions to automatically execute itself on the victim PC. According to various reports, this attack avenue has been developed by the National Security Agency (NSA) in the US as a cyber-weapon and it was leaked to the public earlier in April along with other classified data allegedly stolen from the agency.

Until now, a number of hospitals, telecom companies or gas and utilities plants have suffered massive disruptions caused by data being held at ransom.

As this ongoing outbreak is affecting countless computer users around the world, we are actively working on a free decryption tool to help victims recover their information without paying the ransom. Make sure to follow us on Twitter and Facebook to be notified when it becomes available.

Source : Bitdefender

Thanks.

Have a good day!

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

MPLS Troubleshooting Tips

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Fri, 10 Feb 2017 01:56:00 +0000

Anyone of you having difficulty in troubleshooting MPLS as a beginner?
I did some research and take notes for myself and now it is for you to do reference as well.

MPLS troubleshooting can be divided into two main steps:

1) Verify routing information flow
2) Verify proper data flow

- Routing information flow troubleshooting requires verification of end-to-end routing information propagation between CE routers.
- Verification of the routing information flow should be done systematically, starting at the routing ingress CE and moving to the egress CE.
- Verification of the data flow should be done systematically, starting at the data flow ingress CE and moving to the egress CE.

There are three things to perform basic MPLS troubleshooting.
They are,
1) Preliminary steps in MPLS VPN Troubleshooting:
- Is CEF enabled?
- Are labels for IGP routes generated and propagated?
- Are large labeled packets propagated across the MPLS backbone (maximum transmission unit issues)?

2) Verify the routing information flow:
- Are CE routes received by a PE?
- Are routes redistributed into MP-BGP with proper extended communities?
- Are VPNv4 routes propagated to other PE routers?
- Is the BGP route selection process working correctly?
- Are VPNv4 routes inserted into VRFs on other PE routers?
- Are VPNv4 routes redistributed from BGP into the PE-CE routing protocol?
- Are IPv4 routes propagated to other CE routers?

3) Verify proper data flow:
- Is CEF enabled on the ingress PE router interface?
- Is the CEF entry correct on the ingress PE router?
- Is there an end-to-end label switched path tunnel (LSP tunnel) between PE routers?
- Is the LFIB entry on the egress PE router correct?

Do you have/know something that I missed out in my above list? Please assist me by letting know. Thanks.

Have a good day.
(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Ryzerlo ransomware poses as Pokemon game

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Tue, 23 Aug 2016 01:22:00 +0000

The Dell SonicWall Threats Research team has received reports of a new Ransomware Trojan, Ryzerlo which encrypts the victim's files and leaves an email address to be contacted to unlock victim's files.

Infection cycle:

The Trojan comes across as Pokemon Go game with the icon

Once the victim installs the executable, the trojan adds the some changes to the registry.

The Trojan adds two autostart objects to enable startup after reboot:

%APPDATA%\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\[numbers].exe (copy of original)

It tries to connect to the C&C server and then the trojan encrypts all the victims documents with extensions * .txt, * .rtf, * .doc, * .pdf, * .mht, * .docx, * .xls, * .xlsx, * .ppt, * .pptx, * .odt, * .jpg, *. png, * .csv, * .sql, * .mdb, * .sln, * .php, * .asp, * .aspx, * .html, * .xml, * .psd, * .htm, * .gif, * .png with .locked extension.

The trojan creates the following two files on the victim's desktop. One include random text and another one include email address to contact.

We urge our users to always be vigilant and cautious with any unsolicited attachments specially if you are not certain of the source. If you are responsible for your system and network security, it's time to patch your security devices.

Source : Dell SonicWall Center

Have a nice day.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

QuadRooter - the flaw that can affect millions of Android devices

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Mon, 15 Aug 2016 01:32:00 +0000

A set of 4 critical Android vulnerabilities were recently published by CheckPoint. Successful exploitation of any of these exploits can give the attacker root privileges on the affected device. It is possible for an attacker to construct a malicious app that triggers these exploits with no need for special privileges making these vulnerabilities extremely dangerous.

The vulnerabilities were found in the software drivers that accompany Qualcomm chipsets. Thereby any Android device using Qualcomm chipset is vulnerable, this counts to nearly 900 million smartphones and tablets.

The report by CheckPoint goes into the finer details about the vulnerabilities but below is a high level description of the same:

CVE-2016-2059:
The vulnerability is present in a kernel module introduced by Qualcomm called ipc_router that provides inter-process communication where it is possible to convert a regular socket (CLIENT_PORT) into a monitoring socket (CONTROL_PORT).

CVE-2016-5340:
Ashmem is Android's memory allocation sybsystem that enables processes to efficiently share memory buffers. Devices using Qualcomm chipsets use a modified version of ashmem, the vulnerability is in one of the functions in this version of ashmem.
Attackers can trick get_ashmem_file function to think that an arbitrary file called "ashmem" is actually an ashmem file.

CVE-2016-2503 and CVE-2106-2504 are related to Qualcomm's GPU component Kernel Graphics Support Layer:

CVE-2016-2503:
One of the GPU components - Kernel graphic Support Layer - has a module kgsl_sync that is responsible for syncing between CPU and the apps. Within this module is a function that is prone to race condition flaw that can be exploited

CVE-2016-2504:
A user space process can allocate and map memory to GPU, thereby it can create/destroy kgsl_mem_entry which represents an object that uses GPU memory. This object is bound to a process using GPU mapping mechanism or the "idr" mechanism. But since there is no access protection enforced, this object can be freed by another thread.

The report states that Qualcomm has released patches to OEM's (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and the open source community between April and end of July. Google has confirmed that its Verify Apps feature already blocks QuadRooter exploit.

At the moment there are no instances of malicious apps misusing these vulnerabilities in the wild. We will keep an eye on the Android landscape and provide protection against threats that exploit these vulnerabilities.

Source : Dell SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Old browsers are still running behind your firewall

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Mon, 15 Aug 2016 01:24:00 +0000

On January 12th 2016, Microsoft announced it will stop supporting older versions of Internet Explorer.

It means from now on, Internet Explorer 10 and prior will not get security updates. However many people are still using older versions of Internet Explorer, and it has become a potential threat.

In July 2016, Dell SonicWALL observed that:

- 0.7% of firewalls reported use of Internet Explorer 5.x.

- 60.6% of firewalls reported use of Internet Explorer 6.x.

- 71.1% of firewalls reported use of Internet Explorer 7.x.

- 22.4% of firewalls reported use of Internet Explorer 8.x.

- 24.3% of firewalls reported use of Internet Explorer 9.x.

- 31.5% of firewalls reported use of Internet Explorer 10.x.

Unpatched Internet Explorer is insecure and can damage the system. So, we, ICT For Myanmar would like to urges all our customers to review their environment and stop using Internet Explorer 10 and prior.

Source : Dell SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

PHP TAR File Parsing Uninitialized Reference (CVE-2016-4343)

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Mon, 11 Jul 2016 01:06:00 +0000

A remote, unauthenticated vulnerability exists in PHP. The vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the web server. CVE-2016-4343 is assigned to this vulnerability.

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various web template systems, web content management systems and web frameworks.

A remote code execution vulnerability exists in PHP due to lack of proper sanitation when parsing TAR files. It fails to properly validate the values inside the headers found in the file. This allows a remote attacker to create malicious TAR files to cause the vulnerable server to execute code.

The following versions of PHP are vulnerable:

PHP prior to 5.5.36
PHP prior to 5.6.22
PHP prior to 7.0.7

If your device haven't patch to prevent this vulnerable, this is time to patch now.

Source : Dell SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

You Might Not Know You Are Still Using SSLv2.0

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Mon, 04 Jul 2016 03:53:00 +0000

Netscape Communications invented Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol in 1994. It has been de facto standard for cryptographic protocol since then. Over the years the protocol has evolved (SSLv2.0 -> SSLv3.0 -> TLSv1.0 -> TLSv1.1 -> TLSv1.2) to increase security.

Today, SSLv2.0 no longer provides a sufficiently high level of security. SSLv2.0 deficiencies include the following:

Message authentication uses MD5. Most security-aware users have already moved away from any use of MD5.
Handshake messages are not protected. This permits a man-in-the-middle to trick the client into picking a weaker cipher suite than it would normally choose.
Message integrity and message encryption use the same key, which is a problem if the client and server negotiate a weak encryption algorithm.
Sessions can be easily terminated. A man-in-the-middle can easily insert a TCP FIN to close the session, and the peer is unable to determine whether or not it was a legitimate end of the session.

It's been over 20 years since SSLv2.0 was published, and it's been over 5 years since RFC 6176 deprecated SSLv2.0. However many people are still using the protocol, even though they might not be aware of it.

In June 2016, less than 2% of firewalls reported receiving SSLv2.0 Server Hello message:

In June 2016, more than 40% of firewalls reported receiving SSLv2.0 Client Hello message:

SSLv2.0 is insecure and can damage the system. I would like to urges all our customers to review their (client/server) software settings and stop using SSLv2.0 immediately.

Source : Dell SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

NTP crypto-NAK DoS

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Mon, 27 Jun 2016 04:15:00 +0000

ntpd is an implementation of Network Time Protocol which sets and maintains the system time of day synchronized with Internet standard time servers or any local references. Many major servers and devices come with inbuilt ntpd.

NTP works with different variants like client/server, symmetric, and broadcast. Symmetric mode is used for time synchronization between the servers with authentication. It operates with two modes active and passive. Active mode packets are used when connection is already set. If connection is not set, passive mode packets are used to set up short passive connection for authentication. If packet which fails to authenticate is received, it responds with crypto-NAK packet.

While processing incoming packets findpeer() function is called to see if packet is from existing peer. It returns pointer to peer structure or NULL depending upon whether peer is found or not. To check whether packet is crypto-NAK, valid_NAK() function is called. One of the parameters for the function is pointer from findpeer() function. Without checking the pointer for NULL, valid_NAK() tries to access keyid and flags field of peer structure. Which causes NULL pointer dereference.

Remote attacker can send undesired crypto-NAK packet to exploit this vulnerability which can lead to Denial of Service.

So, it is time to update your Security Devices to prevent from this attack if you didn't do so yet.

Source : Dell SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Unpatched, critical Flash vulnerability being exploited in the wild

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Fri, 17 Jun 2016 01:53:00 +0000

Adobe Flash Player is vulnerable to a critical vulnerability. It is reported to be exploited in the wild. The following CVE identifier has been assigned to this vulenrability:

CVE-2016-4171

This vulnerability affects Flash Player versions running on Windows, Macintosh, Linux as well as Chrome OS. It is reported that any successful exploitabtion could cause a crash and potentially allow an attacker to take control of the affected system. Although, Adobe reports that the vulnerability is exploited on a limited but targeted basis in the wild.

Adobe is aware of the this vulnerability and expected to release the patch as early as June 16.

It's time to patch you security devices and Adobe as well if you are not done yet.

Source : SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.
(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Apache Struts Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Tue, 07 Jun 2016 04:01:00 +0000

A remote, unauthenticated vulnerability exists in Apache Struts. The vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server with the privileges of the user running the Java Web Container process (e.g. JBoss, Tomcat etc). CVE-2016-3081 is assigned to this vulnerability.

Apache Struts is a MVC (model-view-controller) franework for building Java applications. It uses Java Servlet APIs to expose ActionServlet controller. Any requests coming from a client are sent to the controller in the form of 'actions'. These actions are outlined as a map in a configuration file. Accordingly, the corresponding method is invoked. An interface called ActionMapper is used to provide mapping between the request and the corresponding action. The default implemtation maps to DefaultActionMapper class.

A remote code exection vulnerability exists in Apache Struts 2 framework due to lack of proper santization inside the constructor of DefaultActionMapper. It fails to properly validate the values provided by the attacker. This allows a remote attacker to craft a malicious request to cause the vulnerable server to execute arbitrary code.

The following verions of Apache Struts are vulnerable:

Apache Struts 2

So, it is time to update the signature files of your security devices if you haven't done yet.

Source : Dell SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

GD Library Buffer Overflow

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Sun, 22 May 2016 13:54:00 +0000

The GD Graphics Library (libgd) is an open-source graphics software library for dynamically manipulating images. It can create many formats of image files including GIFs, JPEGs, PNGs, and WBMPs. GD is extensively used with PHP, where a modified version supporting additional features is included by default as of PHP 4.3 and may be used in PHP 5.3 as well.

There is a heap buffer overflow vulnerability has been found in GD Library libgd 2.1.1 and prior. The vulnerability exists when a signed integer was claimed to store the size of chunked data, however, an unsigned integer was used for copying. When a negative integer was set to the size variable, the vulnerable codes will overwrite the heap buffer which may cause denial of service or remote code execution under the current user, which may be web application's privileges.

This vulnerability is referred as CVE-2016-3074.

So, it is time to patch you security devices with latest updates.

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Microsoft (CVE-2016-0189) and Adobe (CVE-2016-4117) Zero day

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Sun, 15 May 2016 09:34:00 +0000

Recent zero days discovered in Microsoft scripting engine and Adobe Flash player are being exploited in the wild.

The Microsoft JScript and VBScript engines, as used in Internet Explorer 9 through 11 and other products, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability" (CVE-2016-0189)

Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.226 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.(CVE-2016-4117)

If you haven't patch your Security Devices, it is time to patch to prevent from these.

Source : Dell SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.
(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Edge vs Internet Explorer 11

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Mon, 02 May 2016 13:29:00 +0000

About an year ago Microsoft announced the plan to retire Internet Explorer. The new browser, Microsoft Edge, is now the default browser in Windows 10.

Edge has many security improvements. It does not support legacy technologies such as ActiveX and Browser Helper Objects. The new layout engine, EdgeHTML, is a fork of Trident (the layout engine of Internet Explorer) that has removed all legacy code of older versions of Internet Explorer. EdgeHTML is meant to be fully compatible with the WebKit (the layout engine used by Google Chrome).

Does Edge outperform Internet Explorer form a security perspective? We tried to find some clues here.

Since August 2015, Microsoft has released "Cumulative Security Update for Microsoft Edge" each month. Below is the number of total CVEs related to IE 11 and Edge in last 9 months:

Below is the number of critical CVEs related to IE 11 and Edge in last 9 months:

Over past years Microsoft has lost market share in web browser (source:StatCounter) and we think one of the reasons is that Internet Explorer is more prone to vulnerabilities.

Microsoft is taking right direction on improving security in Edge. We hope Microsoft keeps this effort that one day Edge will become a solid and integrated product.

Source : Dell SonicWall Security Center.

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Solving HCL 7.1.59 installation error

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Fri, 29 Apr 2016 07:04:00 +0000

I was encounter below error message when I tried to install HP Comware simulator (H3C cloud Lab).

"The virtualbox version is lower than the HCL needed."

My PC was installed with Virtualbox Version 5.0.16 and it is latest when I am writing this post.

Below is the resolve method to skip this error.

You just open registry editor and go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE>SOFTWARE>Oracle>Virtualbox.
Then change the Data Value of Version and VersionExt to 4.2.18 and try to reinstall Simulator.
You will see no more error while installing it.
Do not forget to revert to correct version data value in registry value after Simulator installation done.

Have a good time.
(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Jigsaw Ransomware spotted in the wild

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Sun, 24 Apr 2016 06:00:00 +0000

The Dell SonicWall Threats Research team has received reports of a new Ransomware Trojan, Jigsaw (named after the fictional character) which encrypts the system files and also deletes them if the payment is not made on time.

Infection cycle:

The Trojan poses as firefox with the following properties:

The Trojan adds the following files to the filesystem:

%APPDATA%\Roaming\Frfx\firefox.exe (copy of original) [Detected as GAV: Jigsaw.A (Trojan)]

The Trojan creates the following key to the Windows registry to enable startup after reboot:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run ""%APPDATA%\Roaming\Frfx\firefox.exe""

It displays the following iconic image and the message while encrypting the files:

It starts countdown and threatens to delete the files mentioned each hour.

The trojan finds the following files on the victim's machine and encrypts them:

It copies the filenames before encrypting at the following location:

It encrypts all the victims files listed above with .fun extension.

When trying to close the ransom window, it displays the following message:

It checks for the payment contacting the C&C server:

Source : https://www.mysonicwall.com/sonicalert/searchresults.aspx?ev=article&id=922

It's time to update your security devices to avoid this kind of trojan.

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Badlock: Windows SAM and LSAD Downgrade Vulnerability

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Fri, 15 Apr 2016 01:07:00 +0000

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the Security Account Manager (SAM) and Local Security Authority (Domain Policy) (LSAD) remote protocols. Microsoft and SAMBA are vulnerable to these attacks. The vulnerability is triggered when these protocols accept authentication levels that do not protect them adequately. It is caused by the way the SAM and LSAD remote protocols establish the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) channel. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could gain access to the SAM database. To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker could launch a man-in-the-middle (MiTM) attack, force a downgrade of the authentication level of the SAM and LSAD channels, and then impersonate an authenticated user. The attacker can access domain passwords as well. The security update addresses the vulnerability by modifying how the SAM and LSAD remote protocols handle authentication levels.

There are two different CVE identifiers associated with this vulnerability:

Microsoft: CVE-2016-0128
SAMBA: CVE-2016-2118

In addition to this, the vulnerability has been known by 'badlock'.

Microsoft has two protocols that are vulnerable to this attack:

Security Account Manager Remote Protocol(SAMR): This protocol provides management functionality for user account store and for user/group directries.
Local Security Authority (LSAD): This protocol provides management functionality for user account store and for user/group directries.

These protocols manintain security account manager database. They are supported by both Windows and Samba and they support all domain profiles.
In addition to these, SAMBA's following protocols are susceptible to this vulnerability:

Directory Replication Service Remote Protocol (DRSR): RPC protocol for replication and management of data in Active Directory
BackupKey Remote Protocol (BKRP): Encrypts and decrypts sensitive data (such as cryptographic keys)

Please patch your security systems (Gateway or Endpoint) to the latest one to prevent from this vulnerability.

More details can be read at https://www.mysonicwall.com/sonicalert/searchresults.aspx?ev=article&id=918

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Petya Ransomware encrypts the MBR

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Fri, 01 Apr 2016 01:28:00 +0000

The Dell Sonicwall Threat Research team has received reports of yet another ransomware called Petya. Over the past year, Ransomware has proven to be an inceasingly lucrative business for cybercriminals and has become very widespread that victims have resorted to paying to get their data back. Petya is no different, but instead of just encrypting files it overwrites the system's master boot record (MBR) effectively locking the victim out and rendering the machine unusable unless payment is made.

Infection Cycle:

Upon execution, Petya replaces the boot drive's MBR with a malicious loader which will cause Windows to crash. On reboot, it will display a fake CHKDSK screen.

The victim is then greeted with a flashing skull.

After pressing any key, the instructions on how to pay to get their data back is then displayed.

At this point, the victim is locked out of their machine and renders it useless. Rebooting into safe mode is also not possible. Victims can reformat their computers but will obviously lose all of their data.

Below are the screenshots from the cybercriminal's well crafted website on the onion network where further instructions are given on how to submit payment in bitcoins. It appears that the group behind Petya Ransomware is calling themselves "Janus Cybercrime Solutions" and are demanding victims to send them 0.95865300 Bitcoins or an equivalent to $395 with the current exchange rate.

Because of the prevalence of these types of malware attacks, we urge our users to back up their files regularly.

So it is time to check update for your Gateway Security/End point Security now to prevent this threat!

Source : Dell SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.
(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Microsoft Windows Media arbitrary code execution-CVE-2016-0101

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Mon, 28 Mar 2016 01:17:00 +0000

Microsoft Windows operating system provides Windows Media for playing audio, video and viewing images. Remote attacker can entice user to open malicious media file which can lead to remote code execution with security context of user.

Windows Media uses MPEG2 Transport Stream file format to store media and protocol data. Vulnerable dynamic library is MFDS because of boundary error in it. The function MPEG2_PMT_SECTION::Parse() is used to parse descriptors array in Program Map Table (PMT) in packets of MPEG2-TS file. The function calculates the number of descriptor elements according to the Elementary Info Length field, but function does not validate the Elementary Info Length field properly. Attacker can provide large value to this field which may lead to execution of arbitrary code in user context.

Unsuccessful attempts may lead to denial of service.

This vulnerability affects the following products:

Microsoft Windows 7
Microsoft Windows 8.1
Microsoft Windows RT 8.1
Microsoft Windows 10
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2
Microsoft Windows Server 2012
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R

So please update your security device to prevent from this.

Source:Dell SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.

(Be knowledgeable,pass it on then)

Runouce Trojan with IRC bot spreads via .eml files

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Sat, 26 Mar 2016 01:27:00 +0000

A Trojan that spreads via .eml files. The Trojan contains IRC functionality and also has the ability to infect pre-installed system executable files with malicious code:
Infection Cycle:
The Trojan makes the following DNS queries:

On our test system the following files were created:

%USERPROFILE%\kuelio.exe
%SYSTEM32%\runouce.exe ("runonce" with "n" changed to "u" (patched))
%SYSTEM32%\runonce.exe (patched)

The following files were also created:

%APPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Extensions\aapocclcgogkmnckokdopfmhonfmgoek\0.9_0\readme.eml
%APPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Extensions\aohghmighlieiainnegkcijnfilokake\0.9_0\readme.eml
%APPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Extensions\enacoimjcgeinfnnnpajinjgmkahmfgb\0.65.0_0\readme.eml
%APPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Extensions\enacoimjcgeinfnnnpajinjgmkahmfgb\0.65.0_0\tabs\readme.eml
%APPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Extensions\felcaaldnbdncclmgdcncolpebgiejap\1.1_0\readme.eml
%APPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Extensions\focgpgmpinbadijfcdimbdkgnpndjnkl\0.54_0\readme.eml
%APPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Extensions\focgpgmpinbadijfcdimbdkgnpndjnkl\0.54_0\changelogs\readme.eml
%APPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Extensions\focgpgmpinbadijfcdimbdkgnpndjnkl\0.54_0\tabs\readme.eml
%APPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Extensions
mmhkkegccagdldgiimedpiccmgmieda\0.1.1.0_0\html\readme.eml
%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Temp\readme.eml
%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\B4ZWX2C9\readme.eml
%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\FATM9A7M\readme.eml
%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\HE7GL0WO\readme.eml
%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\MDJBB39W\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\OFFICE12\1033\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\OFFICE12\HTML\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\OFFICE12\VS Runtime\1033\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Smart Tag\1033\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Stationery\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Common Files\System\ado\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Office\Office12\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Office\Office12\1033\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Office\Office12\AccessWeb\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Office\Office12\Groove\ToolData\groove.net\GrooveForms\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Office\Office12\Groove\ToolData\groove.net\GrooveForms3\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Office\Office12\Groove\ToolData\groove.net\GrooveForms4\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Office\Office12\Groove\ToolData\groove.net\GrooveForms5\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Office\Stationery\1033\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Office\Templates\12\MseNewFileItems\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\NetMeeting\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\WinRAR\readme.eml
%PROGRAMFILES%\Wireshark\readme.eml

The Trojan writes the following keys to the registry to enable continued infection activity after reboot:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run kuelio "%USERPROFILE%\kuelio.exe /y"
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run Runouce "%SYSTEM32%\runouce.exe"

If there are shared folders or external drives attached the following file will be written to it:

The Trojan disables the ability to kill kuelio.exe.
NOTHING-6A527FE.eml and readme.eml are email files that contain an attachment called pp.exe :

The Trojan infects %SYSTEM32%\runonce.exe with additional malicious code. It modifies the PE section headers to extend the rsrc section and inject code. It then changes the OEP (entrypoint) so that the infected executable runs the malicious code first:

The Trojan joins an IRC server hosted at ircd.zief.pl and awaits further instructions:

So, please update your gateway security and/or endpoint security to prevent from this Trojan.

Source: Dell SonicWall Security Center

Have a good time.
(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)

Preventing DROWN Attack

noreply@blogger.com (Zaw Htet) — Mon, 07 Mar 2016 08:33:00 +0000

On March 1st 2016, OpenSSL released patches that disable the SSLv2 protocol by default, as well as removing SSLv2 EXPORT ciphers.

A cross-protocol attack was discovered that could lead to decryption of TLS sessions by using a server supporting SSLv2 and EXPORT cipher suites as a Bleichenbacher RSA padding oracle.
Note that traffic between clients and non-vulnerable servers can be decrypted provided another server supporting SSLv2 and EXPORT ciphers (even with a different protocol such as SMTP, IMAP or POP) shares the RSA keys of the non-vulnerable server.
This vulnerability is known as DROWN.

The vulnerability is referred by CVE as CVE-2016-0800. (http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2016-0800)

So, please patch your system to prevent this attack if you are not done yet.

Have a good time.
(Be knowledgeable, pass it on then)Type your summary here. Type the rest of your post here.