IHateAllReligion

Yusuf al-Badri: Sell a man woman clothes internal "legitimate disobedience"

2010-02-17T03:36:00.000-08:00

Al-Badri: Saudi women the right to

"Sheikh Yusuf al-Badri" original Islamic law does not sell women's clothes only women and, if sold to a man underwear for women is the sale of the sin, and breaches of the legitimacy of the stores that do it. "

And supported the campaign for boycotting the Islamic preacher lingerie shops to women in Saudi Arabia where women are forced to deal with men, students circulated in all countries of the Islamic world, in order to maintain the integrity of the debt and reduce crimes of sexual harassment.

He explained, "that it is in Egypt not only at the end of selling and buying, but there are shops in Egypt was women's underwear on their windows through" Almanekanat ", raising the spirits, and we demand that the vulnerability of these things in shops, not on their windows."

A significant discrepancy

"Arabic. Net" On her tour in the markets of Greater Cairo to see the reality of the situation and to monitor any suffering of the Egyptian women in this aspect, and the extent of the critical encounter. MZ says Mahmoud, a girl in her twenties, "We in Egypt are not facing any problem in the process of buying and selling underwear, because often what we are dealing with women and not men."
She added, "we are in Egypt to allow freedom of action for women, the majority of women are selling women's underwear, and there are also women selling casual clothes for men."

This confirms Mahmoud Bakr in the shop for Women's Clothing "Arabic. Net" that there is a diversity in the sale of women's underwear and so-called "Lingerie."

The general rule that women are those who have undergone such sale in the shops, but this does not prevent the presence of men working in the same shop as the store manager and some young people who carry clothing. "

Baker stresses that "there are also men who buy lingerie for their wives, and there is nothing wrong with that, where it enters the man and deal with Ms. vendor specific, which are requested in a certain buy something then go out."

Popular markets in violation of

Shops include the popular markets in central Cairo, which sells women's underwear by men and women are critical in dealing with them.

Says Ms. Zainab Abdullah (housewife), "the popular markets in Cairo sell lingerie on the street, where vendors sat on the ground, and ladies looking for sizes that suit, and in these markets is the process of selling the men, and little use of these markets in the process of ladies sell. "

The remedied Zeinab Abdullah, "but unfortunately there are no such rooms in popular markets in which Ms. isolated measure her underwear, but this is cheap clothes is to a large extent, unlike the clothes sold in stores, where Ms. Chambers is isolated on clothes and then went inside in full security. "

The Saudi chanted campaign several days before, on the site "Facebook" for a boycott of stores that sell women's clothing - but feminine - and demanded to activate the Council of Ministers to allow women to work.

"Human rights" in Saudi Arabia adopts a child divorcing Buraidah

2010-02-08T09:39:00.001-08:00

Sponsored Saudi Human Rights Commission the issue of "child Buraida," the name the media is common for a girl her husband and her father Tmanini, and received follow-up story popular and extensive media during the past two weeks.

The lawyer said Sultan bin crowded that Saudi Human Rights Commission with the assistance cost of a 12-year-old girl to a divorce from her husband of 80 years of age in the hope that leads to the prohibition of child marriages.

A minimum age for marriage

Lawyer Ben crowded that the child is one of the province and the city of Buraidah near Riyadh married a cousin of her father, the elderly man who paid her a dowry of 85 thousand riyals (U.S. $ 22670) in late last year.

Saudi Arabia has no minimum age for marriage and parents and guardians of their daughters have the right to choose their husbands and the timing of marriage, and opponents see the marriage of underage girls that divorce might test paves the way to specify a minimum age for marriage in Saudi Arabia.

The lawyer that the girl's mother stayed in earlier filed for divorce on behalf of her daughter, but withdrew the case without mentioning the reason after a second hearing in early this month.

Bill

And the Human Rights Commission took over the government's case and filed for divorce again on behalf of the girl child, "Ben-horn," I charged the Commission on Human Rights to consider the issue as a general right, the right-General did not drop the waiver of the mother's case. "

This is the first time intervened in the case of the particular child marriage in the Kingdom as it was seen as an issue in the former as a "family affair" and outside the scope of responsibility of the body, and Saudi Arabia signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child is one of those under the age of ten children.

Zuhair al-Harthy, Member of Shura Council in Saudi Arabia that the government committee studying the draft law banning the marriage of minors, but human rights defenders fear that the law is passed it takes time.

Muflih al-Qahtani, said the President of the National Assembly for Human Rights "law will take time, because it is a socially, religiously and culturally.

Warning of the authorized

Sheikh Al-Harthy that the fastest way to deal with the issue is to warn the government authorized a marriage, girls under the age of ten, a form of intervention at the administrative level is not legal.

The girl's lawyer said he expected to take the judge in the case his decision soon. "During the days we expect that a judge not to terminate our consent and the marriage or raise the issue of judges is higher than the degree of discrimination, the Court of Appeal" ..

And The issue of "child Buraidah" in the past few weeks, follow-up to popular and highly publicized, and many have called in the press articles and television programs from the need to put an end to this kind of marriage, which is often based on material interest, and violates human rights and child.

France .. A parliamentary committee recommends the prohibition of "the veil"

2010-01-26T14:44:00.000-08:00

A parliamentary committee called Tuesday 26/1/2010 for a formal declaration banning the veil and take measures to prevent wear in the departments and the public interest, note that there is more than the number of veiled women in France than two thousand women, according to official figures, but said that the debate on the Islamic headscarf raged in full the country six months ago with a focus on the status of Islam in French society.

Having held 200 hearings, the Committee recommended passage of legislation of Parliament "declares that France says no to the whole veil and requests to ban this practice on the territory of the Republic."

This recommendation is the first in a series of "18 proposals" called in particular to "adopt the measure to stop hiding the face in public institutions."

And invited the Committee unanimously, denounced "the firm" to wear a veil or burqa as a "challenge to the values of the Republic" and usually "not acceptable" threaten "the dignity of women." But does not recommend the issuance of the law "in the firm" for lack of political consensus.

The committee so that it is not a position to propose ban in all public places, which also in the street.

And supports the prevention of President Nicolas Sarkozy unveiled, but the extremely sensitive issue in a country with the largest number of Muslims in Europe range between five and six million people.

She drew the Committee that the French Council for the Islamic religion, a representative body for the Muslims of France, himself opposed to any exercise is a "minority", but ban it in the street poses legal problems with its consideration. Wi-total ban could face a constitutional control or condemned by the European Court of Human Rights.

The opinion poll on the consent of about 62% of French ban on veils in public places.

France is moving in this case, through a law dealing with the criteria related to public order, to prevent the wearing of the veil in places open to the public such as: transport and departments, hospitals and others.

In the absence of Amtthahin to this rule, the women concerned Christrmen of services provided by these public utilities.

Has been the adoption of the final report of the Commission at the last minute against the backdrop of the atmosphere of great tension between its members.

Taliban militants launch attacks on the presidential palace in Kabul and government sites

2010-01-18T00:26:00.000-08:00

Afghan security sources said Monday 18/1/2010 that about 10 gunmen attacked the presidential palace and clashed with police forces and have taken control of government buildings and banks in the capital, Kabul, in an explosion was heard for the second time near the presidential palace.

And announced that the NATO force in Afghanistan said in a statement that the police killed two attackers, who are waging a coordinated operations adopted by the Taliban in central Kabul, while the Ministry of Health reported the injury of at least 13 people, mostly civilians, were wounded.

Ahmed Farid Rehaid El spokesman for the Afghan Ministry of Health, "Up to now, 13 people, mostly civilians, were injured and taken to hospitals." "We mostly civilians, but there are also elements of the security forces."

It also announced the international force to establish security in Afghanistan (ISAF) said in a statement that Afghan police killed two of the attackers, at least.

Loud explosions were strong throughout the period before noon in the center of the capital accompanied by heavy fire with machine guns. A spokesman for the Taliban to twenty of the movement suicide bombers launched a new attack Monday on the presidential palace and ministries in the center of the capital.

He said Zabihullah Mujahid, a spokesman for the Taliban leadership from an undisclosed location "this we did. And targets attacked were the presidential palace, ministries of justice, finance, mining and the Central Bank."

"He has entered Twenty Anthariena the region and the fighting going on," adding that a suicide bomber detonated his explosives belt at the entrance to the presidential palace.

Accession of the largest ancestral group in Afghanistan to the Taliban

2010-01-10T20:37:00.000-08:00

The largest ancestral group joned Taliban in Afghanistan. A statement by the spokesman for the movement said Jamaat ud-Dawa to the Qur'an and Sunnah, formally joined the Taliban, "pledged allegiance to" leader, Mullah Mohammad Omar, this means that large numbers of Salafi fighters who control almost mandates Conner, Nuristan, Eastern Afghanistan, they will become under its command.

This active group, calling itself the "Salafist Taliban" in Afghanistan since the period of communist rule and the former Soviet occupation.

And the accession of the ancestral line to the Taliban as a change in the thinking of both parties, although they had otherwise intellectual durable, and will benefit from the Taliban in its military operations, given the strength of the military activity of the Salafis in the states of Connor, Nuristan has led U.S. forces to evacuate a number of military bases in those regions, which are now in the grip of the GSPC.

The advocacy group known as the Quran and Sunnah in Afghanistan on a large scale since the seventies of the last century as a movement preaching to spread its reputation abroad, and founded in the Konar province eastern Afghanistan, Afghan world received his legitimacy in Pakistan, and Sheikh Jamil-ur Rahman, who was assassinated in the mosque during prayers in congregation after the fall of cable and the Declaration of the Mujahideen controlled by parties to govern.

The congregation because of Pakistan's scientific roots of its founder, the first seeds of the Afghan Taliban movement, which was founded in the nineties by Mullah Omar, established shortly after the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan after it took control at all over the country to drop by the Allied forces led by the United States in 2001.

She was previously the direction of military action against communist rule Afghans attract scientists and advocates to work in the area of advocacy and the demolition of shrines and Sufi shrine and the fight against drugs.

With the spread of the group and bullying neutralize Connor took over and turned to the Emirate of ancestral hudud, and started including the mandates of Nangarhar, Kunduz and Kandahar and Nuristan.

The former communist regime, chasing its members and arrested them and put them in solitary confinement away from other prisoners.

The mandate of the Conner led by Sheikh Jamil ur Rahman first started fighting against the Russians, where the first cell formed what was known then as "the Afghan mujahideen" It is also one of the first States liberated after that.

And fighting under the command of the group of large numbers of Afghan Salafis, and spread in several states, especially in areas near the Pakistani border.

5 Iranian diplomats have sought asylum in European countries

2010-01-10T07:22:00.000-08:00

5 Iranian diplomats sought asylum in European countries in protest against the crackdown on protesters on the results of recent elections, according to a report on Sunday 10/1/2010.

On the other hand authorities have arrested more than 30 mothers of victims of the demonstrations, while organizing a protest in Laleh Park in Tehran.

On the other hand, threatened to guide the Iranian revolution, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, leaders of the Reformation and the arrest and trial in the progressive tone prevails Iran since the day of Ashura demonstrations in 27 of the last month.

Khamenei said to a visitor from the religious city of Qom that the mass public demonstrations that have taken place (and the functioning of conservatives after the day of Ashura), is a complete argument for all, stressing the security forces to take firm action with the protesters on the election results.

He added: "We have the three officials saw what the people want (which was called cries of the execution of leaders of the Reformation), so they work well their responsibilities towards the spoilers and rioters," as he put it.

"The arrogant powers and currents of anti-religion, which launches today slogans against the regime and the revolution in foggy conditions are the same as sedition, which lined up long years under the banner of anti-forward and the revolution, that the public بادراکها In fact, this indicator recorded مشارکتها critical in the maintenance of the system."

The number of demonstrators killed in clashes between security forces and supporters of reform, including the son of sister of the reformist leader, Mir Hossein Moussavi, the day of Ashura, in Mazhard are the most violent since protests that took place following the presidential elections, which reformists say it was "rigged" in favor of re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, which was conducted June 12 (June).

Iran plans to the trial of five detainees in protests the day of Ashura for banditry, and says they were members of the MKO, but Moussaoui denies that the organization that he said had become "dead", ie a role in the protests against the election results.

Observers say Khamenei's remarks against the leaders of the Reformation, relieve President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who calls constantly circle the arrest of Moussaoui and Mahdi and Mohammad Khatami, and restored the West accused of inciting post-election unrest Masmaha. He said Iran would respond strongly in each place to put obstacles in the West before it.
In the same regard, the Interior Minister Mostafa Mohammad Najjar said the leaders of the reform, he says, "Investigations of detainees in connection with demonstrations on Ashura, confirmed that protests against the election results, which erupted last June was just a pretext to overthrow the regime and change it."

But the commander of the Basij, Mohammad Reza cash did not like what Vincent described as "lax" security services and the judiciary with the protesters, and threatened to punish the leaders of the reform if these devices failed to do so.

Reformers say the threat of "cash" is sure to override the law, and that "the Basij," has had a prominent role in the suppression of the protests with excessive force, and abuse directly to the leaders of the Reformation, as happened recently with the Mehdi Karroubi incident an assassination attempt.

In a related context, carried the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, the Iranian authorities responsible for maintaining the life of Karroubi, and expressed deep concern at the attempt to assassinate him last Thursday.

Said Hadi, making him the Coordinator International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran said in a statement sent Revolutionary Guards and the Basij of him, were involved in the assassination attempt in the Caspian to delude the public that members of the people carried out the assassination attempt, adding that the attempt Karroubi is an introduction to physically liquidated later and held the authorities responsible for Maitard a reformist leader.

The news agency "Zham News" of the Karubi confirmed that he had been an assassination attempt Thursday with a shot at his vehicle when he was in the northern city of Qazvin, west of where he was attacked Cleanse Karrubi on his way to the house of the President of election campaign in the Caspian have been exposed to fire his car hit a bullet-proof but did not hurt.

Karrubi stressed that the assassination attempt would not be deterred from continuing in the opposition and claim the rights of the people that were taken after the presidential election, said during a visit home reformist camp Baghi he began to move without bodyguards, suggesting that they may be involved in a series Aaatdaouat against them, in particular, and they belong to the police headquarters. Karroubi announced that he would not be deterred and will continue to function to the people and their legitimate rights to the last drop of blood.

And arrests continued in the ranks of the Reformers, especially active in the campaign, the reformist leader, Mir-Hossein Mousavi, authorities arrested Pole lawmaker Muslim hand of God.

The sources said that Islamic reform is also the managing editor of "Open" reform stopped, detained during its doctors for the eyes and taken to an unknown destination and reformist activist arrested Moussaoui, the electoral campaign "satisfaction Razzaghi" and others.

In a striking development for a newspaper called on reformers to accept Khamenei Khamenei hub to resolve the internal crisis. The newspaper said "ye Eslami" of the guide, Ali Khamenei, the internal crisis that threatens to dismantle the bonds of the Iranian society and the collapse of the system, and editorials published in today's proposals to resolve the crisis, said it based its way around the central guide Ali Khamenei, the country and called on the opposition to accept it although it is difficult and requires any the courage and selflessness.

"The Islamic Republican" close to the President of the Council of Experts, Hashemi Rafsanjani, has received an ultimatum from the ministry for publishing the text of the initiative, the reformist leader, Mir Hussein Moussavi of Reconciliation, said today that within the system and the trend held Balstalp Alamntq not understand the strengths and constantly hit the drums of war and warned that the crisis rocking Aldakhalit within the family, and that conflicts today are within the family between father and children and the rest of individuals.

In the meantime, Mohamed Al Hashemi Rafsanjani, Chairman of the Board Director of the Office experts and the Chairman of the Expediency Council Hashemi Rafsanjani, confirmed the existence of an old scenario Masmah works by the conservatives, Rafsanjani, and to delete him out completely from the system.

Said Mohammad Hashemi, who is also a member of the Expediency Council Senyario This has serious repercussions on the system because Rafsanjani is the first curtain to defend the Islamic Republic.

6 Christians killed in a shooting on the "Diocese" in southern Egypt.

2010-01-06T21:47:00.000-08:00

Egyptian security sources said that six Christians were killed early Thursday 1/7/2010 and nine others injured in an attack near the town of Nag Hammadi Diocese in Qena in southern Egypt.

A source said that gunmen up to three fired a barrage of bullets on groups of Christians in the city center near the eve of the archdiocese the Christmas holiday.

And celebrating the Coptic Orthodox, who make up the majority of Christians in Egypt shortly after Christmas in January (January).

The source added security that hundreds of Christians flocked to the city center to do their shopping for Eid after attending Mass at the Archbishop pointed out that three of the injured were in serious condition and taken for treatment at a hospital in the neighboring province of Sohag.

Witnesses said that the archdiocese, a Muslim guard was also killed in the shooting and added that the shooting was random. The security sources said that large numbers of riot police deployed in the city.

He saw that "the police imposed a curfew," while the security sources said police are hunting the attackers.

In November (November), hundreds of Muslims set fire to shops Christians in the neighboring city of فرشوط, having failed to rout a Christian young man while the police to take him to court for consideration of renewal of detention, and wounded at least seven Christians and one Muslim were slightly wounded by an exchange of two sets of two stones in the the city the same day.

But none of the sources did not immediately link between the events of November (November) in فرشوط Nag Hammadi and the attack today, and good relations between Muslims and the Christian minority in Egypt, but bloody conflicts sometimes arise because of the construction and repair of churches and change of religion and relations between men and women.

Sanaa: accused of bombing the plane Detroit visited Yemen weeks ago

2009-12-29T07:14:00.003-08:00

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Yemen, on Tuesday 29/12/2009, the Nigerian Omar al-Faruq Abdel-Muttalib was present, early in December (Dec), in Yemen, where al Qaeda operating in, such as the attempt to try to do on a flight between Amsterdam and Detroit.

In a statement condemning the attempt on U.S. aircraft, said the Yemeni foreign "The Immigration and Passport Department confirmed that the Yemeni mentioned (Muttalib) was present in Yemen during the period from early August (August) to early December (December) 2009."

The statement said that Omar al-Faruq "he got a visa to study Arabic in one of the institutes teaching Arabic in Sana'a, and had been studied before in the same institute."

The statement gave no details on the administration of the first OE in Yemen, but that he "be granted a visa to Yemen after he reassured the concerned authorities in Yemen to obtaining visas to several of the many friendly countries and had a visa is still valid to the United States, which has had before," as well.

The spokesman condemned the "terrorist attempt failed" by the Omar al-Faruq Abdalmtalb. He said that Yemen, which had "suffered much from terrorism, condemns such criminal acts that kills innocent people," affirming that "Yemen is an active partner of the international community in the war against terrorism and will continue its efforts in this area."

And tried to Omar al-Faruq Abdel-Muttalib, the son of a wealthy banker and former minister in northern Nigeria, last Friday, the bombing of a plane from Amsterdam to Detroit tried using an explosive ignition.

Dozens of dead and wounded bombing targeted a Shi'ite procession in Karachi

2009-12-28T14:18:00.000-08:00

A suicide bomber attacked a Shiite procession in Karachi, the commercial capital of Pakistan on Monday 28/12/2009, killing at least 25 dead in the latest attack in a series of attacks across the country, killing hundreds.

And highlights the attack on the Shiite procession, the third attack in Karachi, Pakistan's biggest city within three days of multiple security challenges facing the country.

Pakistan is struggling to tackle the militants linked to al Qaeda and is under growing pressure from Washington to assist in the stabilization of neighboring Afghanistan, which the rebellious rage of the Taliban.

The bomb exploded on a main road during a procession held on the occasion of Ashura, despite the presence of thousands of security forces who were on a high degree of preparedness.

He said Interior Minister Rehman Malik said 25 people were killed and some 50 injured in Karachi and added that Alchddin want to destabilize Pakistan, told reporters he "Whoever did this it might not be a Muslim it's worse than a infidel."

The television footage showed a huge cloud of smoke over the scene of the blast and said reporters, television channels angry people attacked journalists and members of the police and set fire to shops and cars.

Moin said Rizvi, one of the witnesses, "I was walking in the front rows when the explosion occurred about 50 meters and took a cloud of thick smoke to the place immediately."

It called on the police chief Waseem Ahmed of Karachi for calm and said he was found at the head of the bomber.

65 million poor in the Arab world

2009-12-20T03:02:00.000-08:00

The Secretary-General of the League of Arab States Amr Moussa said the Arab world has 65 million poor, and said that poverty and unemployment are two phenomena that threaten the independence of our nations.

The outburst came during a conference Moses began its work in Sharm el-Sheikh yesterday with representatives from 22 Arab countries, discussed the issue of ministers and experts and officials of social security and insurance to the Arabs, the subject of a new Arab strategy to ensure that the Arab citizen.

Quoted by the newspaper "Middle East" in a report quoted Moussa as saying at the conference that the Arab world suffers from a modest level of living of its citizens and low rates of bilateral trade and investment, and the migration of funds and qualified Arabic abroad, in addition to the problems of food security, water and non-optimal use of resources.

The decisions of Moses to the Arab Economic Summit held in Kuwait earlier this year, the adoption of the integrated program to support employment and reduce unemployment in the Arab countries through the Arab Labor Organization, as well as the summit's decision on the implementation of the Arab Program for Poverty Reduction in the Arab countries with a policy economic, social, which would reduce the poverty rates in half in the period up to 2015.

He criticized the Director-General of the Arab Labor Organization, Ahmed Mohammed Luqman, labor legislation and social security, saying that such legislation excludes large segments of workers and low-income, pointing out that Arab countries have achieved steady economic development, but it was not accompanied by social development, the same amount, and stressed that the social security is a human right, in accordance with Article 22 and Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Lukman said "More than half of the workforce in the Arab countries not covered by social insurance system," and pointed to the evolution of the concept of social security as a result of the impacts of privatization, globalization and the shrinking role of the state in basic services. And keenness of the delegations of Egypt and Jordan on the advantages offered by the labor laws in both countries to workers there, and the provision of social security for them.

Prosecution of an Egyptian newspaper published an article calling for "polyandry"

2009-12-16T04:53:00.000-08:00

Faced daily Egyptian newspaper sued for publishing an article a bold and unprecedented for the writer and Saudi media calling for the legalization of polyandry of women with a cleric who warned in an interview with "Arab. Net" of dire consequences for what these evil thoughts, at a time when lawyers to stop filming a new television series adopts the same suit.

He defended Magdy executioner, editor of the "Egyptian Today", published a front-page article in its issue for atheist ten month Nadine Saoud of Saudi Arabia as a prelude programs that work in one of the satellite channels, demanding that the right to polygamy as men.

In a first reaction to these demands, the lawyer Khaled Fouad Hafez, Vice-Chairman of People's Democratic Party and its Secretary-General filed a complaint with the Attorney-General in Egypt yesterday morning against the newspaper and the writer accuses it promotes immorality and promoting the dissemination of obscenity between the Egyptian society.

The lawyer said the "Arab. Net," he was not looking for fame, as some claim from this author, adding, "I came in my capacity as a lawyer and the author as partisan, and under the current circumstances of the nation, what I did was to exercise my rights because political parties are supposed to work on the development of society at all levels. "

"We found that this is the most appropriate and timely means for the exercise of my functions and roles of the political good at dealing with it," and predicted the Attorney General to open an investigation in Egypt in the communication on the grounds that there is an attempt for contempt of heavenly religions and laws and that the writer engaged in prohibited areas has not been able to differentiate between what is permissible and non-permissible.

"There is a big difference between freedom and atheism, are (Nadine Albdir) Free what you want but it is not free to call for the atheistic concepts beyond the scope of legitimacy, and her essay is very clear in this regard."

The goals of the writer to clarify or editor of the newspaper readers of the Egyptian society and what is the purpose of this article, under the onslaught of fierce distort the image of Islamic societies in general and most recently Switzerland's position of Islam.

Fouad accused of communication - who carried petitions No. 21633 the Attorney General - the writer explicit call for the demolition of religions, citing what she said in this regard, as she wrote, "I Akhlqgua positive law or interpret another divine, Make a new item under the terms of the fatwas and capricious."

Egyptian judiciary cancel the decision to ban the veil in universities

2009-12-15T00:08:00.000-08:00

Department of Education ruled the Administrative Judiciary Court decision to reject Dr. Hani Helal, Minister of Higher Education in Egypt, Dr. Ahmed Zaki Badr, President of Ain Shams University, not to allow two students Mentqptin enter the campus.

The decision of the court legal principle eliminates the entry of veiled to universities, to which the Ministry of Higher Education had issued earlier and raised a major crisis.

Said Nizar Ghorab lawyer for two students, "Arabic. Net" It is expected to issue an administrative court on December 20, a similar provision for a large number of veiled in similar cases.

"We have organized students and stops protest since Sunday 14.12.2009 front of Cairo University in protest at being barred from entering the city university veil, and on the next issue of not allowing them to enter the exams."

The final provision of administrative justice, which was released yesterday that "the Supreme Administrative Court confirmed in its judgments that the wearing of the veil falls within the personal liberty of an individual if not prejudice or exceed the limits of public order and the rules set by the Constitution and the law."

The court added in Ospab sentence "there is no proof from the case papers and notes submitted by the Department to the two students Almdeitin impaired security rules or systems in place within the university campus wearing mini unveiled a result, in addition to be achieved for all the conditions set by the university administration to join the housing on campus, and was sentenced under the chairmanship of Chancellor Anwar Khalil, Vice President of the State Council, President of the Court. "

Hundreds of veiled students have staged a protest Monday afternoon Monday, December 14th announcing their position of rejecting the policy of repression against students and veiled administrative intransigence against them since the beginning of the current academic year.

And denounced the way the university students intransigent against them since the beginning of the academic year; where he began narrowing by preventing them from lodging in the university city, followed by preventing them from entering the campus, and the entry exam halls and performance veil.

Evolution

2009-12-14T05:50:00.000-08:00

1.Evolution is both fact and theory. Creationism is neither. [Anonymous]

2.The fundamentalists deny that evolution has taken place; they deny that the earth and the universe as a whole are more than a few thousand years old, and so on. There is ample scientific evidence that the fundamentalists are wrong in these matters, and that their notions of cosmogony have about as much basis in fact as the Tooth Fairy has. [Isaac Asimov, quoted in 2000 Years of Disbelief, Famous People with the Courage to Doubt, by James A. Haught, Prometheus Books, 1996]

3.The proper place for the study of religious beliefs is in a church or temple, at home, or in a course on comparative religions, but not in a biology class. There is no place in our world for an ideology that seeks to close minds, force obedience, and return the world to a paradise that never was. Students should learn that the universe can be confronted and understood, that ideas and authority should be questioned, that an open mind is a good thing. Education does not exist to confirm people's superstitions, and children do not learn to think when they are fed only dogma." [Tim Berra, Evolution and the Myth of Creationism]

4.Fundamentalists long for the return of a more moral America, an America that may never have been. All around them they see what they perceive as declining morality and spirituality. They reason that if humans share ancestry with the other animals, we have no reason to behave as anything other than animals. This view neglects the fact that humans are the only known animals with the ability to contemplate the consequences of their own actions. It also fails to recognize that there is a great deal of good in the world, the nightly news notwithstanding. Crime existed long before the theory of evolution, even before the writing of the Bible, and biologists do not like crime any more than the creationists do. Evolutionary theory is not a license to run amok, and neither is a belief in the literal interpretation of the Bible a guarantor of moral behavior. [Tim Berra, Evolution and the Myth of Creationism]

5.No myth of miraculous creation is so marvelous as the face of man's evolution. [Robert Briffault (1876-1948) Rational Education,1930]

6.U.S. Adults (Gallup): humans didn't evolve, 46 percent; evolution guided by God, 40; evolution occurred by itself, 10 percent. [Quoted by Adam L. Carley, Free Inquiry, Fall 1994]

7.Religious fundamentalists alone are a huge popular grouping in the United States, which resembles pre-industrial societies in that regard. This is a culture in which three-fourths of the population believe in religious miracles, half believe in the devil, 83 percent believe that the Bible is the 'actual' or the inspired word of God, 39 percent believe in the Biblical prediction of Armageddon and 'accept it with a certain fatalism,' a mere 9 percent accept Darwinian evolution while 44 percent believe that 'God created man pretty much in his present form at one time within the last 10,000 years,' and so on. The 'God and Country rally' that opened the national Republican convention is one remarkable illustration, which aroused no little amazement in conservative circles in Europe. [Noam Chomsky, "'Mandate for Change,' or Business as Usual," Z Magazine, February 1993, pp. 32-33]

8.If today you can take a thing like evolution and make it a crime to teach in the public schools, tomorrow you can make it a crime to teach it in the private schools and next year you can make it a crime to teach it to the hustings or in the church. At the next session you may ban books and the newspapers... Ignorance and fanaticism are ever busy and need feeding. Always feeding and gloating for more. Today it is the public school teachers; tomorrow the private. The next day the preachers and the lecturers, the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After a while, Your Honor, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until with flying banners and beating drums we are marching backward to the glorious ages of the sixteenth centry when bigots lighted fagots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind. [Clarence Darrow, at the Scopes Monkey Trial, 1925]

9.I suspect the reason is that most people [...] have a residue of feeling that Darwinian evolution isn't quite big enough to explain everything about life. All I can say as a biologist is that the feeling disappears progressively the more you read about and study what is known about life and evolution.
I want to add one thing more. The more you understand the significance of evolution, the more you are pushed away from the agnostic position and towards atheism. Complex, statistically improbable things are by their nature more difficult to explain than simple, statistically probable things." [Richard Dawkins, from the New Humanist, the Journal of the Rationalist Press Association, Vol 107 No 2]

10.The theory of evolution by cumulative natural selection is the only theory we know of that is in principle capable of explaining the existence of organized complexity. [Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1987), p. 317]

11.Telegraph: For God to create the universe he would have to be hyper- intelligent. But intelligence only evolves over time. Is that about the strength of it?
Dawkins: It's worse than that, the argument for God starts by assuming what it is attempting to explain -- intelligence, complexity, it comes to the same thing -- and so it explains nothing. God is a non-explanation. Whereas evolution by natural selection /is/ an explanation. It really does start simply and become complex.[Sunday Telegraph (UK) interview with Richard Dawkins, Sept. 26, 1999]

12.Evolution should be one of the first things you learn at school... and what do they [children] get instead? Sacred hearts and incense. Shallow, empty religion. [Sunday Telegraph (UK) interview with Richard Dawkins, Sept. 26, 1999]

13.Let me try to make crystal clear what is established beyond reasonable doubt, and what needs further study, about evolution. Evolution as a process that has always gone on in the history of the earth can be doubted only by those who are ignorant of the evidence or are resistant to evidence, owing to emotional blocks or to plain bigotry. By contrast, the mechanisms that bring evolution about certainly need study and clarification. There are no alternatives to evolution as history that can withstand critical examination. Yet we are constantly learning new and important facts about evolutionary mechanisms." [Theodosius Dobzhansky "Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution", American Biology Teacher vol.35 (March 1973) reprinted in EVOLUTION VERSUS CREATIONISM, J. Peter Zetterberg ed., ORYX Press, Phoenix AZ 1983]

14.Evolution does not require the nonexistance of God, it merely allows for it. That alone is enough to evoke condemnation from those who fear the nonexistance of God more than they fear God Himself. [Keith Doyle, talk.origins posting]

15.Geology shows that fossils are of different ages. Paleontology shows a fossil sequence, the list of species represented changes through time. Taxonomy shows biological relationships among species. Evolution is the explanation that threads it all together. Creationism is the practice of squeeezing one's eyes shut and wailing "does not!. [Dr.Pepper@f241.n103.z1.fidonet.org]

16.Creationist critics often charge that evolution cannot be tested, and therefore cannot be viewed as a properly scientific subject at all. This claim is rhetorical nonsense." [Stephen Jay Gould, Dinosaur in a Haystack]

17.Our creationist detractors charge that evolution is an unproved and unprovable charade-- a secular religion masquerading as science. They claim, above all, that evolution generates no predictions, never exposes itself to test, and therefore stands as dogma rather than disprovable science. This claim is nonsense. We make and test risky predictions all the time; our success is not dogma, but a highly probable indication of evolution's basic truth." [Stephen Jay Gould, Dinosaur in a Haystack]

18.The argument that the literal story of Genesis can qualify as science collapses on three major grounds: the creationists' need to invoke miracles in order to compress the events of the earth's history into the biblical span of a few thousand years; their unwillingness to abandon claims clearly disproved, including the assertion that all fossils are products of Noah's flood; and their reliance upon distortion, misquote, half-quote, and citation out of context to characterize the ideas of their opponents. [Stephen Jay Gould, "The Verdict on Creationism", The Skeptical Inquirer, Winter 87/88, pg. 186]

19.As in 1925, creationists are not battling for religion. They have been disowned by leading church men of all persuasions, for they debase religion even more than they misconstrue science. They are a motley collection to be sure, but their core of practical support lies with the evangelical right, and creationism is a mere stalking horse or subsidiary issue in a political program...The enemy is not fundamentalism; it is intolerance. In this case, the intolerance is perverse since it masquerades under the 'liberal' rhetoric of 'equal time'. [Stephen J Gould]

20.Science has proof without any certainty. Creationists have certainty without any proof. [Ashley Montagu]

21.The fundamentalists, by 'knowing' the answers before they start (examining evolution), and then forcing nature into the straitjacket of their discredited preconceptions, lie outside the domain of science---or of any honest intellectual inquiry." [Stephen Jay Gould, Bully for Brontosaurus, 1990, quoted in 2000 Years of Disbelief, Famous People with the Courage to Doubt, by James A. Haught, Prometheus Books, 1996]

22.If we are going to teach 'creation science' as an alternative to evolution, then we should also teach the stork theory as an alternative to biological reproduction. [Judith Hayes]

23.It is time for students of the evolutionary process, especially those who have been misquoted and used by the creationists, to state clearly that evolution is a FACT, not theory, and that what is at issue within biology are questions of details of the process and the relative importance of different mechanisms of evolution. [R. C. Lewontin "Evolution/Creation Debate: A Time for Truth" Bioscience 31, 559 (1981) reprinted in EVOLUTION VERSUS CREATIONISM]

24.Creationism was created. Evolution evolves. [John Nicholson]

25.We are convinced the masses of evidence render the application of the concept of evolution to man and the other primates beyond serious dispute. [Pontifical Academy of Sciences]

26.I'm an evolutionist because I judge the evidence for the unity of life by common descent over billions of years to be overwhelming, not so that I can cheat on my wife or kick the cat with impunity. I live in no hope of heaven or fear of hell, but like most of my fellow Americans of all religious persuasions, I try to live a decent life. Folks like Tom DeLay just can't get it through their heads that a person can choose to live ethically because civilized life requires doing unto others as you would have them do unto you. [Chet Raymo, science columnist for The Boston Globe, Sept. 5 1999 article on the anti-evolution decision by Kansas School Board]

27.They [the Creationists] have been getting away with this nonsense [Creation Science] for some time now, even to the extent of getting legislation passed to allow them to teach "creationism" side by side with evolution. The true scientific community has largely remained within its hallowed halls rather than storming out into the quadrangle to do battle with what it knows to be pure nonsense. Scientists, unlike religionists, are political neophytes and generally remain oblivious to the issue of religion. Average Americans are not willing, nor intellectually mature enough, to handle such heady stuff as questioning any religion except upon tweedle-dum and tweedle-dee issues. Undoubtedly, this results from living under a Constitution which, in its consummate fairness in not favoring one religion above another, has made attacks on religion nearly needless and obsolete. But in the First Amendment's success lies a great danger to our liberties. If we never question our religions or their motives, they will ultimately destroy our freedom to do so. [William H. Reynolds, Creationism: The Fossil Record and the Flood]

28.(When asked merely if they accept evolution, 45 percent of Americans say yes. The figure is 70 percent in China.) When the movie "Jurassic Park" was shown in Israel, it was condemned by some Orthodox rabbis because it accepted evolution and because it taught that dinosaurs lived a hundred million years ago--when, as is plainly stated at every Rosh Hashonhan and every Jewish wedding ceremony, the Universe is less than 6,000 years old." [Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark, p. 325]

29.Louisiana's [1981] creationism law, which requires creationism to be taught wherever the theory of evolution is explained, is unconstitutional, a U.S. Court of Appeals ruled yesterday.... 'The act's intended effect is to discredit evolution by counterbalancing its teaching at every turn with the teaching of creationism, a religious belief,' the U.S. Court of Appeals said. [San Francisco Chronicle, 9 July 1985 (AP)]

30.Seventy-two American winners of the Nobel Prize in science urged the Supreme Court yesterday to strike down a Louisiana law requiring public schools teaching evolution to also teach creationism. ...Creation-science is linked closely to a literal interpretation of the biblical book of Genesis, teaching that Earth and most of its life forms came into existence suddenly about 6000 years ago. ...The case before the high court is Edwards v. Aguillard,85-1513. [San Francisco Chronicle, 19 August 1986 (AP)]

31.Today, the theory of evolution is an accepted fact for everyone but a fundamentalist minority, whose objections are based not on reasoning but on doctrinaire adherence to religious principles. [Dr. James D. Watson, winner of the Nobel prize for his co-discovery of the structure of DNA]

32.The Religious Right aren't, and Scientific Creationism isn't. [Anonymous]

33.Creationists make it sound as though a 'theory' is something you dreamt up after being drunk all night. [Isaac Asimov]

34.I would defend the liberty of concenting adult creationists to practice whatever intellectual perversions they like in the privacy of their own homes; but it is also necessary to protect the young and innocent. [Arthur C. Clarke]

35.I have encountered a few "creationists" and because they were usually nice, intelligent people, I have been unable to decide whether they were _really_ mad, or only pretending to be mad. If I was a religious person, I would consider creationism nothing less than blasphemy. Do its adherents imagine that God is a cosmic hoaxer who has created that whole vast fossil record for the sole purpose of misleading mankind? [Arthur C. Clarke, June 5, 1998, in the essay "Presidents, Experts, and Asteroids," pp 1532-3]

36.There is no 'Complete Idiots Guide to Creationism,' but perhaps one is not needed. [Andrei Codrescu, on NPR Aug. 25, 1999, monologue on the "Complete Idiot" and "For Dummies" books]

37.Thus the creationist's favourite question "What is the use of half an eye?" Actually, this is a lightweight question, a doddle to answer. Half an eye is just 1 per cent better than 49 per cent of an eye..." [Richard Dawkins]

38.It is, therefore, our unequivocal conclusion that creationism, with its accounts of the origin of life by supernatural means, is not science." ["Science and Creationism", National Academy Press, 1984]

Intolerance in the Quran (sura:1-5)

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As for the Disbelievers, Whether thou warn them or thou warn them not it is all one for them; they believe not. Allah hath sealed their hearing and their hearts, and on their eyes there is a covering. Theirs will be an awful doom.--2:6-7

In their hearts is a disease, and Allah increaseth their disease. A painful doom is theirs because they lie.--2:10

Allah taketh away their light and leaveth them in darkness, where they cannot see, Deaf, dumb and blind.--2:17-18

Guard yourselves against the Fire prepared for disbelievers, whose fuel is of men and stones.--2:24

They who disbelieve, and deny Our revelations, such are rightful Peoples of the Fire. They will abide therein.--2:39

Allah hath cursed them for their unbelief. Little is that which they believe.--2:88

The curse of Allah is on disbelievers.--2:89

Allah (Himself) is an enemy to the disbelievers.--2:98

We have revealed unto thee clear tokens, and only miscreants will disbelieve in them.--2:99

For disbelievers is a painful doom.--2:104

Whoso disbelieveth in it, those are they who are the losers.--2:121

As for him who disbelieveth, I shall leave him in contentment for a while, then I shall compel him to the doom of Fire - a hapless journey's end!--2:126

Those who hide the proofs and the guidance which We revealed, after We had made it clear to mankind in the Scripture: such are accursed of Allah and accursed of those who have the power to curse.--2:159

Those who disbelieve, and die while they are disbelievers; on them is the curse of Allah and of angels and of men combined.--2:161

Those who hide aught of the Scripture which Allah hath revealed and purchase a small gain therewith, they eat into their bellies nothing else than fire. Theirs will be a painful doom.--2:174

Slay them wherever ye find them, and drive them out of the places whence they drove you out ... If they attack you (there) then slay them. Such is the reward of disbelievers.--2:191

Fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for Allah--2:193

Whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief ... such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.--2:217

The disbelievers, they are the wrong-doers.--254

Those who disbelieve, their patrons are false deities. ... Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.--2:257

Allah guideth not the disbelieving folk.--2:264

Give us victory over the disbelieving folk.--2:286

Those who disbelieve the revelations of Allah, theirs will be a heavy doom.--3:4

Those who disbelieve ... will be fuel for Fire.--3:10

Those who disbelieve ... shall be overcome and gathered unto Hell--3:12

Those who disbelieve the revelations of Allah ... promise them a painful doom.--3:21

Let not the believers take disbelievers for their friends in preference to believers--3:28

Allah loveth not the disbelievers--3:32

As for those who disbelieve I shall chastise them with a heavy chastisement in the world and the Hereafter; and they will have no helpers.--3:56

Whoso seeketh as religion other than the Surrender (to Allah) it will not be accepted from him, and he will be a loser in the Hereafter.--3:85

Those who disbelieve, and die in disbelief.... Theirs will be a painful doom and they will have no helpers.--3:91

On the Day when (some) faces will be whitened and (some) faces will be blackened; and as for those whose faces have been blackened, it will be said unto them: Disbelieved ye after your (profession of) belief ? Then taste the punishment for that ye disbelieved.--3:106

Those who disbelieve ... are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.--3:116

Give us victory over the disbelieving folk.--3:147

We shall cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve--3:151

Those who purchase disbelief at the price of faith harm Allah not at all, but theirs will be a painful doom.--3:177

Those who disbelieve ... theirs will be a shameful doom.--3:178

Those who disbelieve ... their habitation will be hell--3:196-7

Those who disbelieve Our revelations, We shall expose them to the Fire. As often as their skins are consumed We shall exchange them for fresh skins that they may taste the torment.--4:56

For those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom.--4:18

Allah hath cursed them for their disbelief, so they believe not, save a few.--4:46

Those who believe do battle for the cause of Allah; and those who disbelieve do battle for the cause of idols. So fight the minions of the devil.--4:76

Choose not friends from them [unbelievers]. ... Take them and kill them wherever ye find them.--4:89

Take them [unbelivers] and kill them wherever ye find them. Against such We have given you clear warrant.--4:91

The disbelievers are an open enemy to you.--4:101

Choose not disbelievers for (your) friends in place of believers. Would ye give Allah a clear warrant against you?--4:144

Those who disbelieve Our revelations, We shall expose them to the Fire. As often as their skins are consumed We shall exchange them for fresh skins that they may taste the torment.--4:56

For those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom.--4:18

They who disbelieve and deny Our revelations, such are rightful owners of hell.--5:11

The Children of Israel ... We have cursed them and made hard their hearts--5:12-13

Christians ... We have stirred up enmity and hatred among them till the Day of Resurrection.--5:14

The only reward of those who make war upon Allah and His messenger and strive after corruption in the land will be that they will be killed or crucified, or have their hands and feet on alternate sides cut off, or will be expelled out of the land. Such will be their degradation in the world, and in the Hereafter theirs will be an awful doom.--5:33

Those who disbelieve ... Theirs will be a painful doom.--5:36

Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are wrong-doers.--5:45

Take not the Jews and the Christians for friends. ... He among you who taketh them for friends is (one) of them.--5:51

The Jews ... We have cast among them enmity and hatred till the Day of Resurrection.--5:64

Allah guideth not the disbelieving folk.--5:67

But those who disbelieve and deny Our revelations, they are owners of hell- fire.--5:86

Evolution & Creationism: Issues, Science, and Religion

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Is evolution a science? Is creationism a science? What is science, anyway? Is there evidence for either? Religious fundamentalists often attack evolution, but rarely from a positions of really understanding what evolution is and how it works. Te documents in this FAQ will not only teach you more about the nature of evolution and evolutionary theory, but it will also explain some of the more common complaints and where they go wrong.
1. What is Evolution?
Evolution can be a difficult concept for people to come to terms with, especially if they do not have much experience with life sciences. Is evolution a fact or a theory? Or is it both? Does evolution explain the origin of life or not? These are important questions which people need to be able to understand and answer. Unfortunately, there are too many examples of people who don't understand any of it with many of these people trying criticize evolution while promoting creationism. No criticism will be valid when it proceeds from gross misrepresentations of the facts. Evolution is not a minor matter - it is, in fact, the cornerstone of all modern biology.
2. What is Creationism?
Like evolution, creationism can have more than one meaning. At its most basic, creationism is the belief that the universe was created by a deity of some sort; after that, there is quite a lot of variety among creationists as to just what they believe and why. People may lump all creationists together in one group, but it is important to understand where they differ in their ideas and theology because they can make very different critiques of evolution. You yourself won't be able to adequately respond to creationist arguments or offer counter-arguments unless you understand what sort of creationism you're dealing with.
3. What is Science?
It isn't easy to provide a simple, definitive explanation of what science is because there is no entity with the authority to define science. Coming up with a proper definition of science is not unlike coming up with a proper definition of other human institutions, like religion or family: there is so much going on that long, complex books are written in an effort to explain it all - and still people disagree. Nevertheless it's critical to identify what science is and is not because otherwise you can't understand why evolution is a science by creationism is not; why astronomy is a religion while astronomy is not. Science is an important foundation of the modern world which we should all better understand.
4. Evolution & Religion
Evolution and religion often seem to be locked in a desperate struggle of life and death - and, for some religious beliefs, perhaps that impression is reasonably accurate. However, the fact that some religions and some religious dogmas are not entirely compatible with evolutionary biology does not mean that the same must be true for all religions or religion generally. What is certainly false is the assertion that evolution itself is a religion — that's a claim which rests upon falsehood about both religion and science.
5. Evolution & Law
Evolution is perhaps the only area of science which has been transformed into a legal issue on which courts around the country have had to render decisions. No one initiates lawsuits over the teaching of gravity, physics, chemistry, or any other part of the science curriculum — even though the evidential and scientific foundations of evolution are just as strong as the rest. It's also highly unlikely to find heated legislative debates over the status of such topics in public schools, which makes evolution even more unusual. That only evolution is the subject of so much non-scientific, political debate is a testimony to the power of anti-scientific religion in American society.
6. Creationism and Evolution: Evidence and Use
Many people think that there isn't any evidence for evolution, but that is an error. There is biochemical evidence, genetic evidence, fossil evidence, and quite a lot more. Creationism, however, does not have any evidence to support it whatsoever. Understanding the superiority of evolution over creationism is greatly aided by a better understanding of what kinds of evidence exist out there as well as how and why all that evidence clearly supports evolutionary theory but not creationist religion.
7. Abiogenesis & The Origin of Life
Over the past few years, many scientists have been rethinking just how life on this planet might have begun. Traditionally, it is has been advanced that billions of years ago, in some muddy pool on the Earth's surface, life first began. Recently, however, evidence has begun pointing to new possibilities - in particular, that life might have gotten its start deep under the surface within geothermally heated rocks in hot, high-pressure conditions. Most people simply aren't aware of these changes - very little is reported in the media, unfortunately, and far too many people imagine that the origins of life are somehow part of evolutionary theory, which is untrue.s

ATHEISM (The History and Today)

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Atheism can be either the rejection of theism, or the position that deities do not exist.In the broadest sense, it is the absence of belief in the existence of deities.
The term atheism originated from the Greek ἄθεος (atheos), meaning "without gods", which was applied with a negative connotation to those thought to reject the gods worshiped by the larger society. With the spread of freethought, skeptical inquiry, and subsequent increase in criticism of religion, application of the term narrowed in scope. The first individuals to identify themselves as "atheist" appeared in the 18th century. Today, about 2.3% of the world's population describes itself as atheist, while a further 11.9% is described as nontheist. Between 64% and 65% of Japanese describe themselves as atheists, agnostics, or non-believers, and to 48% in Russia. The percentage of such persons in European Union member states ranges as low as single digits in Italy and some other countries, and up to 85% in Sweden.
Atheists tend to lean towards skepticism regarding supernatural claims, citing a lack of empirical evidence. Common rationales include the problem of evil, the argument from inconsistent revelations, and the argument from nonbelief. Other arguments for atheism range from the philosophical to the social to the historical. Although some atheists tend toward secular philosophies such as humanism, rationalism, and naturalism, there is no one ideology or set of behaviors to which all atheists adhere.
In Western culture, atheists are frequently assumed to be exclusively irreligious or unspiritual. However, religious and spiritual belief systems such as forms of Buddhism that do not advocate belief in gods, have also been described as atheistic.

Types of Atheism
There are different types of atheism, based on different answers to the following questions:
What God or gods does the atheist deny?
Why does the atheist deny?
How does the atheist's denial manifest itself?

Atheism and Which God or gods?
The Greek philosopher Socrates
Since atheism is denial of the existence of God or gods, it is important first to identify in which God and/or gods the atheist denies. In ancient times, for example, Christians were accused of being atheists because of their denial of the pagan gods, even though they believed in the Christian God. Socrates was also accused of atheism, although references to God run throughout his recorded statements. Also, Albert Einstein and Baruch Spinoza professed belief in "God," but they defined "God" as the cosmos as a whole, and without personality.

Atheism and Why do Atheists State They Disbelieve?
Atheists claim there are two main reasons for their denial of the existence of God and/or disbelief in God: the conviction that there is positive evidence or argument that God does not exist (Strong atheism which is also sometimes called positive atheism), and their claim that theists bear the burden of proof to show that God exists, that they have failed to do so, and that belief is therefore unwarranted (Weak atheism).

Manifestations of Atheism
There are three ways that atheism manifests itself:
Militant atheism which continues to suppress and oppress religious believers today especially in Communist countries.
Theoretical atheism: atheism of the mind -- that is, believing that God does not exist.
Practical atheism: atheism of the life - that is, living as though God does not exist.