imoyzpt

2010-01-28T02:05:00.000-08:00

1. syntactic sign for noun

a. function words

1. articles

the, a , an lalu di ikuti noun

2.possesive pronoun

my, your, our, their,his, her

3. other noun determiner: kata kata yang di belakangnya menunjukan kata benda

this/ these, that/ those, one,both, some, every, other, many, more, several, all, no, few, enough

b. inflections

1) plural inflection( books, dogs, houses)

2) possesive inflection ( student's, students')

c. Derivations

1) add to verbs

(- age ) coverage

(-ance) disturbance

(- er) sailor

(- ment ) payment

2) add to adjective

(- ce ) abudance

(- cy ) relevancy

(- ity) facility

(- ness) happiness

(-ster) youngester

3) add to nouns

Hints to identify verbs

Verbs are words that will make sense if they are inserted in one of these blanks. I _______. You _______ . He _____. It ______.
Only verbs make sense after personal references: I, you, he, she, it, we, they; other words don't. Study the following examples of verbs and other parts of speech.

Verbs Other Parts of Speech

I see He walks I with He book

You feel It is You carefully It desk
Sometimes, you may find two or more words in your sentence that can be verbs because they fit in the blanks above. For example,

The lost document was part of the legacy. In this case, both lost and was fit in the blanks above. To figure out which one of the two is the verb, change the verb tense of the sentence, and see which word changes; the one that changes is the verb of the sentence.

Past Present

The lost document was part of the legacy. The lost document is part of the legacy.

To change "The lost document was part of the legacy" to the present tense, I must write "The lost document is part of the legacy." Since lost stays the same but was changes to is, I know that was is the verb in the original sentence.

Hints to identify subjects

In order to distinguish the subject of your sentence, ask "Who?" or "What?" in front of the verb. The following examples illustrate this strategy.

Example	Question for the subject	Answer
The theory stated by the German astronauts amazed the government.	What amazed the government?	the theory stated by the German astronauts
The acid spilled in the laboratory caused a delay in the investigation.	What caused a delay in the investigation?	the acid spilled in the laboratory
The assistant manager at the store filed a lawsuit against the company for age discrimination.	Who filed a lawsuit against the company for age discrimination?	the assistant manager

Remember that sometimes the subject comes after the verb, but it still will answer "Who?" or "What?"

The subject of your sentence will agree in number with the verb; in other words, a singular subject requires a singular verb, and a plural subject requires a plural verb:

The article reports an increasing rate of citizens who vote in the national elections.

The articles report an increasing rate of citizens who vote in the national elections.
The subject of the sentence will be transformed to its pronoun form when forming the tag question. Tag questions are short questions added at the end of a sentence when the speaker seeks confirmation of his/her statement.

The nurse administered to him the right doses of morphine, didn't he?

The nurses administered to him the right doses of morphine, didn't they?

2010-01-26T04:15:00.000-08:00

Rhythm, Rhyme and Meter

Meter: systematically arranged and measured rhythm in verse: rhythm that continuously repeats a single basic pattern meter>

Poetic Podiatry

A "foot", in the poet's glossary, is a unit of stressed and unstressed syllables. There are many varied combinations possible; five prevail in English poetry:

one unstressed syllable, followed by one stressed : iamb
one stressed syllable, then one unstressed : trochee
two unstressed, one stressed : anapest
one stressed, two unstressed : dactyl
two stressed : spondee
A rhythm built by repetitions of iambs is "iambic". Repetition of trochees is trochaic; anapests, anapestic; dactyls, dactylic. For a line of all spondees, I would use the word "overdone", but technically it's "spondeic".

Iamb: a metrical foot consisting of one short syllable followed by one long syllable or of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable

Iambic pentameter:

when I have FEARS that I may CEASE to BE

beFORE my PEN has GLEAN'D my TEEMing BRAIN

-- John Keats

Iambic tetrameter:

come LIVE with ME and BE my LOVE

and WE will ALL the PLEAsures PROVE

-- Christopher Marlowe

Iambic monometer:

one GIRL.

one BOY.

one PHONE.

no JOY.

-- Anitra Freeman

Trochee: a metrical foot consisting of one long syllable followed by one short syllable or of one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable

Trochaic tetrameter:

PIping DOWN the VALleys WILD

- William Blake

TYger TYger BURNing BRIGHT

-- William Blake

Trochaic dimeter:

SOUND the FLUTE!

NOW it's MUTE.

-- William Blake

Anapest: a metrical foot consisting of two short syllables followed by one long syllable or of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable

Anapestic tetrameter:

twas the NIGHT before CHRISTmas and ALL through the HOUSE

-- Clement Moore

when the VOICes of CHILDren are HEARD on the GREEN

-- William Blake

Anapestic trimeter:

just a BEER and a BOY, and i'll DANCE

-- Anitra Freeman

Amphibrach: a metrical foot consisting of a long syllable between two short syllables in quantitative verse or of a stressed syllable between two unstressed syllables in accentual verse <romantic is an accentual amphibrach>

Amphimacer: a metrical foot consisting of a short syllable between two long syllables in quantitative verse or of an unstressed syllable between two stressed syllables in accentual verse <twenty-two is an accentual amphimacer>

Spondee: a metrical foot consisting of two long or stressed syllables

Pentameter: a line of verse consisting of five metrical feet

Hexameter: a line of verse consisting of six metrical feet

Couplet: two successive lines of verse forming a unit marked usually by rhythm, rhyme, or the inclusion of a self-contained utterance

Stanza: a division of a poem consisting of a series of lines arranged together in a usually recurring pattern of meter and rhyme

Free verse: verse whose meter is irregular in some respect or whose rhythm is not metrical

Approximately 75% of iambic verse is in pentameter, including most of Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Milton. This includes rhymed forms, and the unrhymed iambic pentameter form, which is called "blank verse".

Exercise: Iambic

Write a two- to four-line iambic verse in any of the following meters. It can be rhymed or unrhymed.

· hexameter

· pentameter

· tetrameter

· trimeter

· dimeter

· monometer

Guidelines for critique:

For all the critiques in this section, focus on this. "Yes, it fit the meter," or, "No, that line didn't fit that meter." Reasons that a line did not fit the given meter might be:

The syllable supposed to be stressed (or unstressed) was not one naturally stressed (or unstressed).

The focus for critique in this exercise is simply whether or not the lines did "scan" - were in fact iambic, and had the right number of feet.

Limerick:

A five line stanza in spondaic hexameter, alternating with amphibrachs and amphimacers.

First seen in 1846, in London, in Edward Lear's Book of Nonsense.

Limericks proudly broke into what had been the one, unbroachable frontier in proper English society: smut.

A limerick is a poem of five lines in what is called anapestic meter (ta ta DA). Lines 1, 2 and 5 have three beats (three DA's); lines 3 and 4 have two beats. Sometimes a "ta" gets dropped here and there. (And we say "ta ta" to the "ta".)

In other words, more or less:

ta DA ta ta DA ta ta DA
ta DA ta ta DA ta ta DA
ta DA ta ta DA
ta DA ta ta DA
ta DA ta ta DA ta ta DA

Lines 1, 2 and 5 rhyme with each other; lines 3 & 4 rhyme with each other: A, A, B, B, A.

The simplicity of the limerick quite possibly accounts for its extreme longevity. It consists of five anapestic lines with the rhyme scheme aabba. The first, second, and fifth lines are trimeter, while the third and fourth are dimeter. The following example fairly represents the genre in both style and tone:

There once was a lady named Cager,

Who as the result of a wager,

Consented to fart

The entire oboe part

Of Mozart's quartet in F-major.

There once was a man from Nantucket,
Who kept all of his cash in a bucket,
But his daughter, named Nan,
Ran away with a man,
And as for the bucket, Nantucket.
-Princeton Tiger

But he followed the pair to Pawtucket,
The man and the girl with the bucket;
And he said to the man,
He was welcome to Nan,
But as for the bucket, Pawtucket.
-Chicago Tribune

An old maid phoned the desk and said, "Joe

"What's the noise from that room down below?"

"Oh, they're holding," he sighed,

"An Elk's Ball just inside."

"Well then, tell them," she said, "to let go!"

Easter Sunday a young boy, Stan Snead,

Popped a stiff one as long as a reed.

And did he turn beet red,

When Pastor Fred loudly said,

"He is risen. He is risen indeed!"

An amoeba named Sam, and his brother,

Were having a drink with each other.

In the midst of their quaffing,

They split themselves laughing

And each of them now is a mother.

That young Presley fellow could sing.

Making rock 'n roll hits was his thing.

But girls all knew Elvis's

Gyrating pelvis is

What really made him the king!

A woman named Mrs. S. Claus

Deserves some attention because

She sits in her den,

Baking gingerbread men,

While her husband gets all the applause!

2009-10-16T20:54:00.000-07:00

2009-10-16T20:52:00.000-07:00

Tentang kamu

Ku kenali senyum itu
Bersinar bagai bulan sabit di malamku
Tak pernah kau ucapkan kata cinta
Namun kau beriku sejuta makna

Kehidupan ………kau bilang penuh Tanya
Kau bilang hari esok yang tertata
Ada kata yang sungguh berbeda
Jauh dari lubuk hatimu aku membaca
Itulah “cinta”

Telah aku ungkapkan sejuta rasa
makna apa yang tersimpan dibalik binar mata
apa yang kau mengerti, kasih?
Hati ini tak mampu berpaling dari hatimu
Dan semua tentang mu

Tasikmalaya,10102009
imoyzpt@yahoo.com

2009-10-16T20:50:00.000-07:00

Bayangmu

Siluet senja sore tadi
Mengantarkanku pada kenanganmu
Laksana mentari yang tak pernah redup rajai hari
Bayangmu menari lemparkan senyum padaku
Ku harap itu bukan mimpi,
Temaram senja itu sadarkanku”kau bukan milikku”
Masih ku ingat tatap wajahmu
Namun tak dapat ku raih dirimu
Hanya dapat ku kenang dalam bingkai rindu
Yang ku kemas menjadi satu dalam hatiku
Ku masih rindu sejuta bayangmu

Tasikmalaya, 5 Maret
imoyzpt@yahoo.com

Verbs		Other Parts of Speech
I see	He walks	I with	He book
You feel	It is	You carefully	It desk

Past	Present
The lost document was part of the legacy.	The lost document is part of the legacy.