HHO Cell & Solar Energy

HHO Gas and Hydrogen Injection Studies for Skeptics and Naysayers

2010-09-02T12:05:00.000-07:00

The technology of using hydrogen as a combustion enhancement in internal combustion engines has been researched and proven for many years. The benefits are factual and well documented. Our own utilization of this technology. i.e. the hydrogen injection system, has also been tested and proven both by institutions and in hundreds of practical applications in road vehicles.

Here is a synopsis of a sampling of the research that has been done:
In 1974 John Houseman and D.J/Cerini of the Jet Propulsion Lab, California Institute of Technology produced a report for the Society of Automotive Engineers entitled "On-Board Hydrogen Generator for a Partial Hydrogen Injection Internal Combustion Engine".

In 1974 F.W. Hoehn and M.W. Dowy of the Jet Propulsion Lab, prepared a report for the 9th Inter society Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, entitled "Feasibility Demonstration of a Road Vehicle Fueled with Hydrogen Enriched Gasoline."
In the early eighties George Vosper P. Eng., ex-professor of Dynamics and Canadian inventor, designed and patented a device to transform internal combustion engines to run on hydrogen. He later affirms: "A small amount of hydrogen added to the air intake of a gasoline engine would enhance the flame velocity and thus permit the engine to operate with leaner air to gasoline mixture than otherwise possible. The result, far less pollution with more power and better mileage."

In 1995, Wagner, Jamal and Wyszynski, at the Birmingham, of University Engineering, Mechanical and Manufacturing>, demonstrated the advantages of "Fractional addition of hydrogen to internal combustion engines by exhaust gas fuel reforming." The process yielded benefits in improved combustion stability and reduced nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon emissions.

Roy MacAlister, PE of the American Hydrogen Association states the "Use of mixtures of hydrogen in small quantities and conventional fuels offers significant reductions in exhaust emissions" and that "Using hydrogen as a combustion stimulant it is possible for other fuels to meet future requirements for lower exhaust emissions in California and an increasing number of additional states. Relatively small amounts of hydrogen can dramatically increase horsepower and reduce exhaust emissions."

At the HYPOTHESIS Conference, University of Cassino, Italy, June 26-29, 1995, a Hydrogen Injection group of scientists from the University of Birmingham, UK, presented a study about hydrogen as a fraction of the fuel. In the abstract of that study it stated: "Hydrogen, when used as a fractional additive at extreme lean engine operation, yields benefits in improved combustion stability and reduced nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon emissions."

In the Spring of 1997, at an international conference held by the University of Calgary, a team of scientists representing the Department of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, China, presented a mathematical model for the process of formation and restraint of toxic emissions in hydrogen-gasoline mixture fueled engines. Using the theory of chemical dynamics of combustion, the group elaborated an explanation of the mechanism of forming toxic emissions in spark ignition engines. The results of their experimental investigation conclude that because of the characteristics of hydrogen, the mixture can rapidly burn in hydrogen-gasoline mixture fueled engines, thus toxic emissions are restrained. These studies and other research on hydrogen as a fuel supplement generated big efforts in trying to develop practical systems to enhance internal combustion engine performance. A few of them materialized in patented devices that didn't reach the level of performance, safety or feasibility that would allow them to reach marketing stages.

California Environmental Engineering (CEE) has tested this technology and found reduction on all exhaust emissions. They subsequently stated: "CEE feels that the result of this test verifies that this technology is a viable source for reducing emissions and fuel consumption on large diesel engines."
The American Hydrogen Association Test Lab tested this technology and proved that: "Emissions test results indicate that a decrease of toxic emissions was realized." Again, zero emissions were observed on CO. Northern Alberta Institute of Technology. Vehicle subjected to dynamometer loading in controlled conditions showed drastic reduction of emissions and improved horsepower.
Corrections Canada tested several systems and concluded, "The hydrogen system is a valuable tool in helping Corrections Canada meet the overall Green Plan by: reducing vehicle emissions down to an acceptable level and meeting the stringent emissions standard set out by California and British Columbia; reducing the amount of fuel consumed by increased mileage."
Additionally, their analysis pointed out that this solution is the most cost effective. For their research they granted the C.S.C. Environmental Award.
We also conducted extensive testing in order to prove reliability and determine safety and performance of the components and the entire system. As a result of these tests, we achieved important breakthroughs as far as the designs of the components were concerned. We have since increased the hydrogen/oxygen production significantly. This has resulted in increased effectiveness on engine performance.
The results of these tests were able to confirm the claims made about this technology: the emissions will be reduced, the horsepower will increase and the fuel consumption will be reduced.
From researching the Internet we also found the following information To best describe how Hydrogen Enhanced Combustion works, we are providing this excerpt from a University Technical Report, written by Mr. George Vosper, P.Eng.;
...a Hydrogen Generating System (HGS) for trucks or cars has been on the market for some time. Mounted on a vehicle, it feeds small amounts of hydrogen and oxygen into the engine's air intake. Its makers claim savings in fuel, reduced noxious and greenhouse gases and increased power. The auto industry is not devoid of hoaxes and as engineers are skeptics by training, it is no surprise that a few of them say the idea won't work. Such opinions, from engineers can't be dismissed without explaining why I think these Hydrogen Generating Systems do work and are not just another hoax.
The 2nd law of Thermo-dynamics is a likely source of those doubts.
Meaning ...the law -would lead you to believe that it will certainly take more power to produce this hydrogen than can be regained by burning it in the engine. i.e. the resulting energy balance should be negative. If the aim is to create hydrogen by electrolysis to be burned as a fuel, the concept is ridiculous. On the other hand, if hydrogen, shortens the burn time of the main fuel-air mix, putting more pressure on the piston through a longer effective power stroke, and in doing so takes more work out, then this system does make sense.
(NOTE: New studies show that Mr. Vosper, in this case, was mistaken. Hydrogen has already been created by electrolysis, and burned as a fuel, providing for more hydrogen production by electrolysis. Therefore, the concept has been proven to work in many cases.)
Does it work? Independent studies, at different universities, using various fuels, have shown that flame speeds increase when small amounts of hydrogen are added to air-fuel mixes. A study by the California Institute of Technology, at its Jet Propulsion Lab Pasadena, in 1974 concluded:
The J.P.L. concept has unquestionably demonstrated that the addition of small quantities of gaseous hydrogen to the primary gasoline significantly reduces CO and NOx exhaust emissions while improving engine thermal efficiency.
A recent study at the University of Calgary by G.A. Karim on the effect of adding hydrogen to a methane-fueled engine says
...The addition of some hydrogen to the methane, speeds up the rates of initiation and subsequent propagation of flames over the whole combustible mixture range, including for very fast flowing mixtures. This enhancement of flame initiation and subsequent flame propagation, reduces the Ignition delay and combustion period in both spark ignition and compression ignition engines which should lead to noticeable improvements in the combustion process and performance
What happens inside the combustion chamber is still only a guess. In an earlier explanation I suggested that the extremely rapid flame speed of the added hydrogen oxygen interspersed through the main fuel air mix, gives the whole mix a much faster flame rate. Dr. Brant Peppley, Hydrogen Systems Group, Royal Military College, Kingston, has convinced me that insufficient hydrogen is produced to have much effect by just burning it. He feel's that the faster burn is most likely due to the presence of nascent (atomic) hydrogen and nascent oxygen, which initiate a chain reaction. I now completely agree.
Electrolysis produces "nascent" hydrogen, and oxygen, which may or may not reach the engine as nascent. It is more probable that high temperature in the combustion chamber breaks down the oxygen and hydrogen molecules into free radicals (i.e. nascent). The chain reaction initiated by those free radicals will cause a simultaneous ignition of all the primary fuel. As it all ignites at once, no flame front can exist and without it there is no pressure wave to create knock.
The results of tests at Corrections Canada's, Bowden Alberta Institution and other independent tests reinforce the belief that combustion is significantly accelerated. They found with the HGS on, unburned hydrocarbons, CO and NO, in the exhaust were either eliminated or drastically reduced and at the same R. P.M. the engine produced more torque from less fuel.
Recently I took part in the highway test of a vehicle driven twice over the same 200-kilometre course, on cruise control, at the same speed, once with the system off and once with it on. A temperature sensor from an accurate pyrometer kit had been inserted directly into the exhaust manifold, to eliminate thermal distortion from the catalytic converter. On average, the exhaust manifold temperature was 65°F lower during the second trip when the Hydrogen Generating System was switched on. The fuel consumption with the unit off was 5.13253 km/li. and 7.2481 km/li. with it on, giving a mileage increase of 41.2% and a fuel savings attributable to the unit of 29.18% From the forgoing, the near absence of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons confirms a very complete and much faster burn. Cooler exhaust temperatures show that more work is taken out during the power stroke. More torque from less fuel at the same R.P.M. verifies that higher pressure from a faster burn, acting through a longer effective power stroke, produces more torque and thus more work from less fuel. The considerable reduction in nitrous oxides (NOx} was a surprise. I had assumed that the extreme temperatures from such a rapid intense burn would produce more NOx. Time plus high temperature are both essential for nitrous oxides to form. As the extreme burn temperatures are of such short duration and temperature through the remainder of the power stroke and the entire exhaust stroke, will, on average, be much cooler. With this in mind, it is not so surprising that less NOx is produced when the HGS is operating.
Assume a fuel-air mix is so lean as to normally take the entire power stroke (180°) to complete combustion. Educated estimates suggest the presence of nascent hydrogen and oxygen decreases the burn time of the entire mix by a factor of ten (10). If a spark advance of 4° is assumed, the burn would be complete at about 14° past top dead centre. Such a burn will be both rapid and intense. The piston would have moved less than 2% of its stroke by the end of the burn, allowing over 98% of its travel to extract work. The lower exhaust manifold temperatures observed when the Hydrogen Generating System was in use can be viewed as evidence for this occurrence.
Power consumed by this model of the electrolysis cell is about 100 watts. If an alternator efficiency of 60% is assumed, then 0.2233 horsepower will produce enough wattage. Even on a compact car, a unit would use less than 1/4 % of its engine's output, or about what is used by the headlights. The energy regained from burning the hydrogen in the engine is so small that virtually all of the power to the electrolyzer must be considered lost. That loss should not, however, exceed V4%, so that any increase in the engine's thermal efficiency more than 1/4 %, is a real gain.
An engineering classmate suggested a grass fire as a useful analogy to understand combustion within an engine. The flame front of a grass fire is distinct and its speed depends in part on the closeness of the individual blades. If grass is first sprayed with a small amount of gasoline to initiate combustion, then all blades will ignite almost in unison. In much the same way, small amounts of nascent oxygen and hydrogen present in the fuel-air mix will cause a chain reaction that ignites all the primary fuel molecules simultaneously. Faster more complete burns are the keys to improving efficiency in internal combustion engines.
Power gained from increased thermal efficiency, less the power to the electrolysis unit, is the measure of real gain or loss. It follows from the foregoing paragraph that even a modest gain in thermal efficiency will be greater than the power used by an electrolysis unit. The net result should therefore be positive. Thus onboard electrolysis systems supplying hydrogen and oxygen to internal combustion engines, fuelled by diesel, gasoline, or propane should substantially increase efficiencies.
While the auto industry searches for the perfect means of eliminating harmful emissions, consideration should be given to what these systems can do now, since the HGS considers reduction of harmful emissions even as the engine ages. Almost all unburned hydrocarbons, CO and NO,, are eliminated.
Reducing hydrocarbons and CO causes a slight rise in the percentage of CO2 in the exhaust, but as less fuel is used, the actual quantity of CO2 produced is reduced by roughly the same ratio as the savings in fuel. In brief, noxious gas is almost eliminated and greenhouse gas is decreased in proportion to the reduction in fuel consumption. Nothing I have learned so far has lessened my belief that the benefits of using electrolysis units to supply hydrogen to most types of internal combustion engines are both real and considerable.
Reprinted with the permission of George Vosper, P. Eng. June 1998
SAE Report: A Before Treatment Method for Reduction of Emissions in Diesel Engines(SAE Tech Paper 2000-01-2791, Bade Shrestha et al) Emission Reductions:

PM 60%
CO 30%
NOx 19%

SAE Report: Performance and Fuel Consumption Estimation of a Hydrogen-Enriched Gasoline Engine at Part-Load Operation (SAE Tech Paper 2002-01-2196, Fontana et al) Reduction in Fuel Consumption:

12% to 50% over range of torques

Studies of Supplemental Hydrogen Effects on Vehicle

2010-09-02T12:01:00.000-07:00

HHO - How It Works

2010-09-02T11:47:00.000-07:00

Here is a simplified explanation on how the systems work in changing water into Hydrogen and Oxygen. Let’s start with the water, it should be at least filtered or distilled and a gallon is about the best amount to have prepared for your HHO generator. We call it an HHO generator because it produces both Hydrogen and Oxygen simultaneously thru the process of electrolysis.

When water is introduced with electrical current/voltage [preferably DC] it has a tendency to become excited and divides into its primary elements of Hydrogen and Oxygen. The produced Hydrogen and Oxygen are now in a gaseous state from the liquid water. It's been said by others that the two elements have been split apart from one another into their sub-diatomic molecular state.

A fallacy out there is that it takes more energy to produce the HHO than the energy it releases. Not at all true, that's why there are HHO generators available out there. You can produce HHO with as little as 1.5 volts DC and an amp of current. It's not only how it's done but the way in which the HHO generator is configured to permit a useful out put with minimal power input. You can put 2 bare ended wires into a bucket of water with an electrolyte and produce a small quantity of HHO by putting a DC current through the wires. The principle is to produce as much HHO as possible with the least amount of electrical energy and generated exothermic heat. In reality, once the HHO generator has been charged up it actually acts like a wet cell battery. It holds a charge of 1.5 - 2.0 volts DC and can operate when charged with the power switch turned off, until the remaining suspended HHO gas is pulled off and the cell ultimately discharges. The power switch is primarily used to maintain the HHO generators charge.

What we do here is draw off that produced gaseous material by vacuum created by the vehicles engine and feed the gasses directly into the engine for combustion purposes. The system is an on demand system, "NOT" a pressurized storage system the HHO generator only produces what the vehicles engine may call for, nothing more.

Laboratory Electrolyser

Can we idle an engine on pure HHO, the answer is absolutely, but to actually operate the vehicle under normal driving conditions the current technology is not quite there yet. Currently most of our users see from 25 - 45% on average concerning fuel savings. But don't think it stops there; the NEW Magnum Series HHO generators are pushing the fuel savings into the upper 50% range. If we keep on working on the problems that hold us from using just HHO long enough we will reach that point where the vehicles fuel tank will become a water reservoir tank for holding just water.

The process is as follows, you start with water and an electrolyte, there are many different types. You add DC current, the H2o breaks down into H2 & O [we just call it HHO]. We introduce it into the engine by use of the engines vacuum. The HHO combines with the gasoline and air in the combustion chamber and is burnt. Once burnt, it converts back to H20 [water]. Its now going to absorb the inner heat from the engine normally at 350 - 450*F CHT and turn into super heated DRY steam. Then its pushed out during the exhaust stroke and out the tail pipe. There it condenses back into to water vapor and eventually collects back into water. So you start with water and end with water.
"THE MOST AMAZING PART OF THE PROCESS IS THAT THE EMISSIONS ARE REDUCED TO EXCEPTIONALLY CLEAN LOW LEVELS".

So what are our results, first and foremost a really ODORLESS CLEAN EXHAUST. Lowering HC,Co,Co2 and No2 emissions to almost to 0, In short the exhaust emissions drop off the scale as you know them and you produce water vapor from your vehicles tailpipe. Why vapor instead of water??? Because the hydrocarbon fuel [gasoline] produces enough heat during combustion to keep the burnt HHO in a water vapor state, so it will totally condense into water outside of the exhaust system [eliminating any internal corrosion].

Now you're going to ask, why don't the auto builders or other big corporations utilize this basic technology??? Well, its against their business model, if I can sell you an automobile that runs on inefficient fuel loaded with all sorts of emmission devices and promise you better mileage next time, and you haven't any other choices, what are you really going to do? Why is it that the auto builders have to be mandated to improve vehicle mileage? Because they are in bed with the oil producers and the lot of them are in bed with lobbyists and big banking.

Here is a little tid bit of knowledge for you... This technology, has been around since the middle 1800's. YES THATS RIGHT OVER 100 YEARS!!! Back before the take off of the industrial revolution and the real use of oil and coal to power our factories and vehicles. But oil and coal was easier technology and easily found and CHEAP. GUESS WHAT "NOT ANY MORE"! So if you could gain performance, better fuel efficiency, smaller bills at the gas pump and BE GREEN TOO. WOULD YOU DO IT??? Whether you purchase our HHO systems or go to a competitor's store or website and purchase theirs. Just as long as you the consumer realize that you have been methodically led into a money pit concerning energy and fuel.

SO NOW, WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT IT???

How does HHO Booster work?

2010-09-02T11:42:00.000-07:00

It's very simple really. You don't touch your engine. A small container is placed in the car, somewhere under the hood. You fill it with water. The device is supplied with electricity (12 Volts) from the battery, and via electrolysis it produces HHO gas (Hydrogen+Oxygen, Oxyhydrogen)

The HHO gas is supplied to the engine via intake manifold or carb. The gas then helps your gasoline burn more efficiently, while producing its own combustion. That added combustion of the hydrogen gives you more power, and ultimately requires less gasoline to run your engine, resulting, in better gas mileage. to It seems like it violates the laws of physics? But it doesn't. We know that splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis requires more energy than you get by burning the hydrogen produced. But in our case HHO gas acts as a catalyst to better burn your gasoline and is increasing your engine efficiency.

HHO Booster

Basically you will be using a HHO Booster system to turn your car into a hybrid, instead of having to buy one. HHO booster is a Do-It-Yourself, affordable and SIMPLE technology.

So how would a HHO generator help save you money?

Stop and think about what happens in an engine that does not use hydrogen. Every fuel molecule that is not burned by your engine is wasted money out of your pocket.

HHO booster helps your gasoline burn more efficiently and increases your vehicle’s gas mileage between 25% and 50%.
Now, consider for a moment that your vehicle has a 20 gallon gas tank and averages around 25 miles per gallon.

At 25%, you would be getting 125 more miles out of each tank of gas you put into your car.

That averages out to $15.00 of savings each time you fill up.

If your vehicle’s mileage increases by 35% by installing a supplemental hydrogen generator, you will save $21.00 each time you fill up your tank.

That means a savings of almost $105 per month. That is $1260 per year! Every year!

Solar Panels For Hot Water

2010-08-29T13:26:00.000-07:00

The three Main Components for Hot Water using Solar Panel Technology
Solar Power is harnessed to create Hot Water using a number of components. In all applications to heat hot water there are three main components groups 1, 2 & 3. These are illustrated below:

Group 1 - Solar collectors either flat plate panels or evacuated tubes fitted to your roof or a ground mounted 'A' frame. They collect heat from the sun's radiation. There are two main types of collector:
- Flat Plate systems which are comprised of an absorber plate with a transparent cover to collect the sun's heat.
- Evacuated Tube systems which are comprised of a row of glass tubes that each contain an absorber plate feeding into a manifold which transports the heated fluid.
Group 2 - A heat transfer system: A Glycol/water mix pumped through the collectors and pipes connected to a coil inside the hot water cylinder transfer the collected heat to heat water.
Group 3 - Hot water cylinder: Stores the hot water that is heated during the day and supplies it for use later.

Solar water heating can provide almost all of your hot water during the summer months and about 50% year round. The average domestic system reduces C0₂ by around 350kg - 400kg per year, depending on the fuel replaced.

Solar Panels

2010-08-29T13:24:00.000-07:00

What is Solar Panel Technology?

Solar energy is the light and radiant heat from the Sun that influences Earth's climate and weather and sustains life. Since the early years, solar energy has been harnessed for human use through a range of different technologies. Solar radiation along with secondary solar resources, such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass account for most of the available renewable energy on Earth. A solar thermal collector (solar panel) is specifically intended to absorb sunlight and collect heat.
Solar radiation is absorbed by the solar panel which in turn heats a water/glycol mix that is pumped through it. This heated water/glycol mix is circulated through a separate coil in the hot water cylinder and used to heat domestic tap water. As well as heating domestic tap water the same solar array can be used for central heating and swimming pools.
Depending on the location and size of the solar array installed, the annual space heating contribution can range from 10% to 60% or more in a modern ultra-low energy type buildings; even up to up to 100% where a large seasonal thermal store is used. If you are building or planning to build and are interested in how eco hometec solar panel technology can contribute to your hot water and central heating demands please select a link below for specific Solar Panel information or submit your Building plans here.

Why invest in Solar Panel Technology?

Saves Energy which saves Money & Reduces _C02 Emissions which saves the Environment.
'Greening the home' can be achieved through a series of steps, including double glazing and adding a condensing boiler. However, solar panels and solar hot water heating are considered as "the ultimate way to achieve a large reduction in carbon emissions".
eco hometec believe that the UK should follow the Spanish model of installing solar hot water heating and solar thermal technology in all newly built houses. Spain has adopted a blanket policy, which stipulates that all new homes should include solar hot water heating solutions.
House builders are under increasing pressure to improve the energy efficiency of their homes, with ambitious government targets to make all homes zero carbon by 2016. However, the UK is currently lagging behind Europe when it comes to building energy efficient homes. Solar thermal technology and solar hot water heating can complement an existing heating and hot water system by providing up to 70 per cent of a house's hot water requirements.
Solar water heating can provide almost all of your hot water during the summer months and about 50% year round. The average domestic system reduces C02 by around 350kg - 400kg per year, depending on the fuel replaced.

Types of Solar Panels? - Flat Plate Solar Panel

The most common type of solar thermal collector is described as a flat plate panel. A weatherproofed, insulated box containing a black metal absorber sheet with built in pipes is placed in the path of sunlight. Solar energy heats up a water/glycol mix in the pipes and this is then pumped through the system. The eco hometec solar panel consists of a transparent cover, absorber & frame. At eco hometec, we use a copper black chromed manufactured collector surface.
A transparent cover - made of iron-poor tempered SUN PLUS glass panes with very high transmittance (about 92%) of short-wave light spectrum.
An absorber - a copper plate coated with a black chrome selective surface (having properties of high-absorption - about 95%) and low-emissivity of solar heat. Our collectors are coated with a black chrome selective surface to absorb solar radiation. As this process is electrolysis and does not involve any coatings the long term performance is not affected in any way from peeling or lifting. The eco hometec KS2000 panels are constructed so that the copper absorber plate is welded to the copper heater pipes. As copper is a better conductor of heat than Aluminium, the all copper construction is the preferred.
Aluminium frame - with insulation are needed to reduce the heat losses.

These collectors have multiple evacuated glass tubes which heat up solar absorbers and the water/glycol mix circulating through them. The vacuum within the evacuated tubes reduce conducted heat losses, allowing them to reach considerably higher temperatures than most flat-plate collectors. The evacuated tubes draw their energy from the available light rather than outside temperature.

For these reasons they can perform well in colder typically alpine conditions. The advantage is largely lost in warmer climates, except in those cases where very hot water is desirable, for example commercial process water.

Condensing Boilers - Frequently Asked Questions

2010-08-29T13:21:00.000-07:00

Question - Why were such inefficient non condensing gas boilers designed?Fossil fuels were cheap and the environmental consequences of burning and wasting so much fuel were not fully appreciated.
Question - Does an eco hometec condensing boiler need to maintain hot flue gas temperatures?No, eco hometec condensing boilers and flue systems are designed and constructed from stainless steel and PPS plastic. The condensate water, from condensing flue gases, does not affect these materials.
Question - What are the advantages of a condensing boiler?Unlike conventional boilers eco hometec condensing boilers do not need to waste gas maintaining high flue gas temperatures.
Question - What does that mean in real terms?
By design eco hometec condensing boiler's use less gas. They are a lot more efficient than other boilers and will significantly reduce your annual heating and hot water costs.
Question - Why should I choose an eco hometec boiler?Heating your dwelling and water for showers/baths is very costly and bills in the future will only get bigger. By choosing an eco hometec condensing boiler you have chosen one of the most economical and environmentally friendly condensing boilers available on the market.

Condensing Boilers

2010-08-29T13:20:00.000-07:00

What is a condensing boiler?

Condensing boilers get their name because they condense the flue gases - In other words, they extract heat from the exhaust gases that would otherwise escape through the flue. By saving this otherwise lost heat and redirecting it into your heating system they use less gas to heat your home and hot water.
A condensing boiler captures much more usable heat from its fuel than a non-condensing boiler. eco hometec boiler's high operating efficiency is made possible by the design of the controls, Variable Controlled Output (VCO) and the boiler's heat exchanger.
The heat exchanger makes sure that as much heat as possible is transferred from the boiler's burner - and as little as possible lost in gases through the flue. If you are building or planning to build and are interested in how the eco hometec range of Condensing Boiler can contribute to your hot water and central heating demands please select a link below for specific Condensing Boiler information or submit your Building plans here.

PPS Plastic Flue System for Condensing Boilers

Due to the extremely low temperature flue gases, the eco hometec condensing boilers are flued using a lightweight and corrosion resistant eco hometec PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) plastic flue system. The boiler can be flued over distances previously impossible (up to 15 meters depending on output and flue design) from conventional boilers. The total resistance of the flue tube and air supply together may not be greater than 85 Pa (Pascal's). Additional Features include:

A unique corrosion resistant stainless steel condensate heat exchanger.
Integral sensors (PTC) for monitoring flow and return water temperatures.
3 way switching valve and facilities for connection to an eco hometec DHW storage module or similar.
Computer controlled combustion analysis with built in fault diagnosis facility. These readings can be down loaded onto a PC by using the interface cable and software available from eco hometec.

Condensing gas boilers

2010-08-26T15:03:00.000-07:00

They work with gas and reach a PCI efficiency of around 109%. Compared to conventional boilers, up to 40% savings can be achieved. The key to such high efficiency is their ability to cool the exhaust gases until condensating them, a procedure that cannot be done with any other type of fuel, due to the danger of corrosion.

Condensing boilers only work with gas. Their advantage resides in using the residual heat from the gases generated for heating. They are more compact in size than other boilers of similar power, allowing the optimization of living space.
The gases from the boiler are expelled to the outside at a temperature of between 150ºC and 200ºCº; condensing boilers utilize this residual heat for heating and the exhausted gas comes out at only 55ºC.
This represents a savings of 11% on fuel. This is the reason why the efficiency of these boilers is 106% compared to conventional ones; that is not because they generate more energy than that carried by the fuel, but because conventional boiler´s performance does not count with the heat generated by the gases, while condensing boilers do.
When this type of boilers is teamed up with radiant floor heating, the return water, in other words, the water from the heating system that returns to the boiler to be heated again, must be at a temperature no lower than 50ºC. This makes it ideal to combine it with radiant floor heating systems.

What are condensings boilers ?

Condensing boilers are based in condensing technologye, is called the phase change condensation of a gaseous substance to a liquid state. In this process some energy is released called latent heat. This latent heat energy is released or leveraging Wolf Condensing gas boilers to increase performance, and therefore energy saving.
By burning fuel generates an amount of highly energetic steam. In this conventional boiler steam is expelled along with the other gases to a temperature that can reach 180 º C. In the case of condensing boilers, the aim is to lower the temperature of these gases to condense and thus harness the latent heat is apparent. This is accomplished through a wide area of exchange in the boiler and a low return temperature, less than 50 º C.
Condensing boilers have an efficiency of 110% on the PCI-Calorific Power Interior, ie the amount of heat that can be produced from a fuel. This heat does not include the latent heat of condensation of gases generated during combustion. Is this the reason that condensing boilers have an efficiency greater than 100% over the PCI.
Sund & Climate offers its customers the Condensing gas boilers Wolf model series, backed by decades working at Austria. These condensing boilers emit less polluting gases into the environment, helping to slow the destruction of the ozone layer and contributing to the conservation of our environment.

Diesel condensing boilers

Although until not long ago, condensing boilers were exclusively of gas. Now there are also condensing boilers diesel.

Advantages of our Condensing gas boilers

• Receive grants.
• Seasonal Performance of 110%.
• They are watertight and modulating air and gas. The furnace uses air from outside the boiler room, unlike the weather, which use inside the room where they are.
• Modulating fan provides air / gas
• Exchange of aluminum-magnesium-silicon
• Very quiet
• helical finned exchanger to increase performance and prevent corrosion
• Automatic adjustment based on the vent
• Great variety of regulations. WRS System
• Minimum emissions
• Simple and fast maintenance
• Two year warranty

Alternative Energy Site Launched

2010-07-18T18:46:00.000-07:00

Energy Alternatives site has been launched. They focus for the moment on solar power like solar water heating or solar photovoltaic panels.

New ways to save on energy

2010-06-08T18:00:00.000-07:00

Our partner site has launched a new section dedicated to solar power.
Passive solar heating and cooling, solar water heater, solar lighting or solar photovoltaic systems are some titles you can find there.
I want to mention passive solar design because of the idear for solar heating and cooling enclosed.

HHO Website

2010-03-11T17:35:00.000-08:00

I just updated the HHO website and added sone new sections.
First thing changed is the look: used a new layout with a green style.
Made the new section HHO Cell with some good info on building HHO Cells
Also I'we added some PWM circuits for those enthusiasts which love electronics.
Check back soon for new additions.

PWM (pulse width modulator unit)

2009-04-24T10:36:00.000-07:00

Details:
- Overall board dimensions : 3. 1/8" long x 1. 5/8" wide x 1. 1/8 high
- Power supply : It runs on 12 or 24 Volts - all you need is to change a jumper (see picture below)
- Load voltage : 12/24 VDC / 15A max. continuous duty
- Output : controlled DC motor by PWM (Pulse With Modulation).
- Large Spades on circuit board for ease of connection. (see picture below)
- Obtain low speed operation of DC motors without sacrificing torque
- Range : 0-100 %
- LM324 and P80NF5 MOSFET
- Fully Assembled and Tested.
- Ready to hook up and use in your project.

Some Suggested uses:

- Motor Control, it will control the speed on DC motors.

- Hydrogen Electrolysis of water for practical of experimental purposes, also known as "HHO" or "Brown Gas".
It will regulate how much voltage is applied to the fuel cell and therefore control the amount of Hidrogen (bubbles) produced.
(With the gasoline prices raising everyday, we all need something like thisl!!)

- can be used for DC Light Dimmers
- or LED Lighting Dimmers
- as well as Heating Control

Frequent AQ:
Q- Does this modulator will increase the production of Hydrogen?
A- The production of Hydrogen depends on several factors, like what type of cell design,
configuration of catode and anode and what kind of metal are you using, as well as
what additives are used mixed with the water, (baking soda, potasium oxide, etc.) size of cell etc.
The modulator will only regulate how much voltage and at what frequency you are sending it
to the cell, of course the higher the volts the higher the Amps.

In a nutshell, you need the modulator to keep a smooth flow, prevent overheating and hopefully
protect you from blowing up like a firecracker in the middle of a rush hour traffic.

Q- Can I just connect the cell directly to my car battery?
A- No, never connect it directly to the battery, because it will produce hydrogen at all times
and your car might blow up as soon as you turn the ignition key.

Q- If I connect it to the ignition switch, that way it will only comes ON when my car is running, would I be safe?
A- That is a good start, but you will need and extra ON/OFF switch within your reach while you are driving,
this ON/OFF switch should activate a relay in which you should conect the power to the modulator,
from the modulator to and AMP meter and from the AMP meter to the cell, that will make it safer.

I will be listing these componets on Ebay so you can build it yourself and don't fall into some Alley mechanic
that might charge you an arm and a leg and might not even do it right...your safety is first with us.

Q- How can it be possible to run an engine with water?, is this a myth or a scam?

A- You don't run an engine with water, so don't start filling your tank with water.
You run it with the hydrogen that is in the water, but you need to extract it (in a gas form) using a hydrogen cell.
Never run a hydrogen cell without a "bubbler" unit and a flame back arrestor

Q- How can I be sure that I succeed on my HHO project?
A- Be sure you learn as much as possible about this highly flamable (dangerous) element,
I will compile a series of videos from the PD so you get a much better idea.
start with a small project so you can learn and experiment, before you roll your sleeves
and try to install a complete system in your vehicle. Take yout time and plan it properly.

Design a safe and efficient Cell, be sure to use the correct materials,
Anybody that can get a hold of a PCV pipe is making a cell and selling them all over the net,
some are designed very good and very safe, other ones are just time bombs ready to blow up.
So be careful!!!
Install the correct electrical safety and performance components
Regulate and improve the HHo production
You car will run more efficient and effective if you do everything right.

DIY HHO Hydrogen Production a Water Fuel Cell

2009-04-24T10:18:00.000-07:00

Water is a compound made from the two elements of Hydrogen and Oxygen. It has the chemical symbol H₂O which indicates that each molecule is a combination of one Oxygen atom and two Hydrogen atoms.
All atoms can form 'ions'. These are just the same atom except with a little extra charge. Atoms can become ionized when in the presence an electric field. Hydrogen forms positive ions, and oxygen forms negative ions. We use this to our advantage by using an electric field to pull the water molecules apart.
By placing two electrodes (metal plates) into water we can create an electric field between them by connecting them to the terminals of a battery or power supply. The positive electrode is known as the anode, while the negative one is the anode. Pure water actually does not conduct electricity so it is not suitable to be used without adding something to the water. Tap water already contains many dissolved compounds which allow the water to conduct. The ions formed in the water will be attracted to the electrode of opposite polarity, i.e. the positive hydrogen ions will move towards the cathode, while the negative oxygen ions move to the anode. Once the ions reach the surface of the electrodes the charges will be neutralised by adding or removing electrons. The gas is then fee to bubble up out of the remaining water to be collected.
The electrodes are typically made from metal or graphite (carbon) so that they can pass electricity into the water. It is important that the chosen material does not react readily with oxygen or one of the dissolved compounds otherwise reactions will occur at the surface of the cathode (negative electrode) and the water will become polluted with the products of the reactions. You will see an example of this below when copper electrodes are used. This also means that no or very little oxygen gas is released as it gets combined with the metal electrode and remains in the container.

Many people use electrodes made from stainless steel kitchen ware or switch plates because the stainless steel does not react as easily. The problem is that the grade of the steel often found in such items is not great and you will be left with a brown sludge after a few minuets of operation. They are also quite thin, usually less than 1mm, which means that the do not last a very long time before being totally eroded away. The erosion of the electrodes happens much more quickly when high currents or solutes (often called catalysts) are used.
The volume of gas produced is proportional to the charge passing through the water (current) and therefore high current means more gas. To do this the spacing of the electrodes must be as close as possible while still having enough room for the gas to bubble out freely.
The metal chosen for the plates was special high grade stainless steel to reduce any chance of corrosion. Such metal is not as conductive as others like copper for instance, so these plates were made from thick sheets of 2mm to counter this potential limiting factor. Very high quality metal was used which meant it was too hard to cut with common DIY tools so these plates were cut using a high pressure water jet.
The plates are layered on top of each other with nylon washers between used as spacing. They are placed in alternating positions so that the plates would be +-+-+-. Stainless steel fixings were then used to fit it all together. It is important that it is put together well otherwise sparks could occur in the gas production area resulting in an explosion.
A total of 16 plates were used in with 1mm spacing between each of them. The large combined surface area and thickness of the plates and bolts meant that this could carry very large currents without significant resistive heating in the metal. The total capacitance of the electrodes was 1nF when measured in air which indicates a large close surface area for gas production. This set of electrodes would draw about 25A from ordinary tap water. To collect the gas, the electrodes need to be placed in some sort of container. The container used was just something from a supermarket and was originally intended for storing something like tea!
The container was made from metal so it was important to place the electrodes on a plastic base to prevent any short circuits. This image shows how two banana sockets were installed either side of some copper and brass fittings used to extract the gas. The power and pipe fittings were screwed tightly and sealed with silicon sealant so that the closed container would be air tight.
The gas produced is a highly explosive mixture of Hydrogen and Oxygen and should be treated with extreme caution. A large volume of gas exists inside the container which if ignited would explode and destroy the container. To avoid detonating the gas, the pipe from the container is fed into the base of another container which is half filled with water. This allows the gas to bubble trough the water to then be collected via another pipe which is used as the gas output. Now if any ignition occurs at the output, the flames can't get back past the bubbler device and into the large gas volume in the electrolysis cell. This is an absolutely essential safety device and should not be skipped.
Now it is just deciding what to do with the gas! A good way to see the how explosive the gas mixture is to bubble the gas through another container of water such as a mug and ignite the bubbles as they reach the surface. Each bubble will explode very loudly and probably blow out the lighter.

Bob Boyce's Electrolyzer Plans

2009-04-22T16:15:00.000-07:00

A system for high-efficiency electrolysis that involves the alleged production of monatomic hydrogen, which has highly unusual and effective properties in accentuating mileage.

Bob Boyce was winning races in mini power boats down in Florida, using Hydrogen for fuel. The problem was that hydrogen wasn't easy to locate and acquire everywhere he raced. So, he began to research making his own.
Eventually he ended up making his own Hydroxy on demand in what might be called the "brute force method". He'd drain his batteries producing the Hydroxy that fed his engines.
One day he started noticing that at a certain RPM his power kicked up suddenly; as though he had a nitro boost or something. After a few recurrences of this, he broke down his system to find out what was causing his boost at that rpm.
It turned out that one of the diodes in his Alternator had failed and was pumping an AC into his electrolyzer. When that certain rpm was reached the output from the electrolyzer suddenly increased.
Researching further by having the gas analyzed at a local college, he found that when the frequencies kicked in he was producing much more monatomic hydrogen. He went on to perfect his electrolysis to the point that it generates a large volume of gas and mostly monatomic hydrogen.
PVC Pipes running to his special bubbler are 1 inch in diameter to handle the large gas flow required for big genset and auto operation. The electrolyzer cell itself is either 61 plates for torches and small motors; or 81 plates for larger gensets, boats and autos. Each cell is isolated from the others in that they are not connected by the water and electrolyte (KOH 28% or NaOH 20%).
Today, though Bob has gotten out of boat racing, he makes his own PWM3 Controller for Hydroxy torches and gensets. They aren't for sale but you can find the info in files on the Web. The controller uses three 556 Dual 555 timers. Each dual uses one 555 for pulse width and the other for frequency, generating 42,800; 21,400; and 10,700 cps respectively.
These frequencies drive the 25% modulation on top of the pulsed DC carrier "bias" current. The DC Bias voltage is input at the Toroidal Transformer's inputs which gets filtered into DC before reaching the plates of his electrolyzer with the AC Voltage riding on it.
It isn't critical how you get the pulses used to modulate the AC on the DC bias; any method will do. A pressure switch is needed to turn the cell off at 5 psi and back on when it falls to 3 psi. Bobs bubbler's have one way valves to retain pressure in the system so that production begins immediately when the system kicks back on. He uses many small holes in his bubbler inlet below the water so bubbles are tiny and diffused. This is to prevent a flashback from firing across several large bubbles back to the cell. Bob said it works well.
Plates are crosshatch sanded using no.80 sandpaper to create masses of points on each plate surface. Plate edges are seal for two reasons; to prevent all the separation from occurring only on the edges, and to prevent current leaking through the water from cell to cell.
Bob says this causes a magnetic circuit through the center of the plates in the electrolyzer. The result of all these refinements is that when the water is split, the bias voltage keeps it from recombining, and H molecules have plenty of electrons to absorb, preventing the two Hs from joining. Thus the extra large volume of monatomic Hydrogen molecules.
Water must be distilled; or clean, spring or rainwater. These last may require several filterings, to remove sludge; much like Joe Cell Charging water. The 6"x6" Plates are spaced 3mm apart exactly and sealed on the sides and bottom. Water levels must be maintained in each cell. Bob's has a supply pipe with holes drilled along it for each cell.
If your system is designed according to all the specifications of the Boyce system, Bob says, you will get another area of separation in the water between the cells as well as on the plates.
Mr. Boyce is a true humanitarian and has placed his system in the public domain in the hopes of helping the planet reverse global warming, end oil wars, and deliver free energy to the poor peoples of the world.
Someday, Mr. Bob Boyce will be hailed as a truly great American Inventor. Bob won't care for that; but hopefully the one who deserves the credit for his accomplishments will get it. He expressed unhappiness with several people who he tutored in Hydroxy production because they went on to patent or rather try to patent systems that were largely based on information that he has placed in the public domain.

Efie

2009-04-20T11:24:00.000-07:00

All modern vehicles employ oxygen sensors to tell the vehicle's computer if the air/fuel mixture is too rich or too lean. The computer uses information from the 02 sensor to determine whether the air/fuel mixture is too rich or too lean. Gas engines are designed to operate with an air/fuel ratio of 14.7 to 1. When these proportions are being supplied to the engine, a certain amount of oxygen will be detected in the exhaust by the 02 sensor, and this information is fed into the vehicle's computer. If too much oxygen is sensed, the computer thinks the mixture is too lean (not enough fuel), and adds fuel to the mixture. Likewise, if less oxygen is sensed, the computer thinks the mixture is too rich (too much fuel) and cuts back on the fuel fed to the engine.

The problem with this scenario is that as soon as you start adding a workable fuel efficiency device, the fuel is burned more efficiently, and the oxygen content in the exhaust will rise. If you have two or more efficiency devices installed, even more oxygen will be present in the exhaust. The oxygen content rises as the fuel is burned more efficiently for a number of reasons. Chief amongst these are a) less fuel is being used to produce an equivalent amount of horsepower, and b) less oxygen is being consumed to create carbon monoxide in the exhaust.

The bottom line is, there is more oxygen in the exhaust as the fuel burning efficiency is increased and the computer dumps gas into the mix in an attempt to get an oxygen reading in the exhaust equal to its earlier, inefficient setup. This will then negate the fuel savings of just about any efficiency device, and in some cases will actually cause an increase in fuel consumption, despite having a workable fuel efficiency device.

The Solution: The EFIE (Electronic Fuel Injection Enhancer) is used to regulate the amount of fuel that is injected into the cylinders. The signal coming from the 02 sensor needs to be adjusted to compensate for the increased fuel efficiency being achieved. Basically, the added oxygen in the exhaust fools the computer into thinking the mixture is too lean, causing it to (incorrectly) richen the mix. We need to un-fool the computer so it continues to give us the same amount of gas as before. We do this by making it think there is less oxygen in the exhaust than there actually is. The amount of change to the signal has to be easily adjustable to accommodate the different types of efficiency devices that are available.

The oxygen sensor produces voltages to communicate the oxygen content to the computer. When the sensor reads below .455 volts, that means it's lean, and when it reads above .455 volts, it's saying the mix is rich. If you connect your volt meter to an oxygen sensor signal wire and ground, while the engine is running, you'll see the voltage is constantly changing, and you'll probably see voltages in the range of .3 to .7 volts or so. In actual fact, the voltage is changing back and forth from about .1 volt to about 1.0 volts, several times per second. But most hand held meters are not quick enough to show this.

The EFIE adds its voltage to the sensor's voltage, which shifts the voltage that the computer receives towards rich. This causes the computer to provide less gasoline to the engine. Many people think we're trying to fool the computer with an EFIE. That's actually not accurate. The extra oxygen in the exhaust because of a more complete combustion is what's fooling the computer. It's making the computer think the mix is too lean, and it's compensating by adding gas that is not needed. The EFIE is un-fooling the computer. All we want to do is get it back to giving us a 14.7 to 1 air/fuel ratio again.

EFIE's come in single and dual sensor configurations. Check your vehicle's manual to determine if your vehicle has one or two O2 sensors.

Hydrogen Electrolysis Units

2009-04-20T11:03:00.000-07:00

Hydrogen generators produce hydrogen and oxygen by the process of electrolysis of water. Water is passed across metal plates which are connected to a current source and hydrogen is liberated at the negative plate while oxygen is liberated at the positive plate.

The volume of hydrogen produced by the generator is determined by a number of factors, including the surface area of the plates, the number of plates, the spacing between the plates, the electrolyte or catalyst used (if any), and the plate material. Temperature is also a factor in generator output. Maintaining a constant temperature is one requirement for a good hydrogen generator. Output of the generator is measured in liters per minute. The amount of gas desired is determined by the size of the engine or the application.

When used on an internal combustion engine, the hydrogen and oxygen are fed to the intake manifold and into the air filter housing. The reason for supplying the gas to both the manifold and air intake is to provide the gas to the engine when it is at idle and during acceleration. At idle the throttle body is closed and the vacuum at the intake manifold is at its maximum and the hydrogen is supplied to the engine through the intake manifold. When you accelerate, the throttle body opens and the vacuum at the manifold drops, but the vacuum at the air filter housing increases and the hydrogen is then supplied through the air breather. If the hydrogen is not supplied at both of these locations, the vehicle will not idle properly or it will not accelerate smoothly.

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2009-04-19T15:02:00.000-07:00

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Best HHO Electrode

2009-04-18T19:28:00.000-07:00

Plates: Made of 316L stainless steel in general. The plate Cells work very good, especially with Pulse Width Moderation (PWM !!). The size of the plates, the thickness and distance between the plates is very important to make it most efficient.

Bolts: some very cheap designs use stainless steel bolts as electrodes. Not recommended. Will get hot quickly.

Wire: A few designs are using thin wired electrodes. Low volume gas production and prone to corrosion.

Tubes: A good design are tubes. Depending on the specific size, material and setup this design works very good. It will produce high quality HHO gas without the need for pulsed-power. The round tubes design are being produced on large scale at the and of WW2 to power British army vehicles. We found out that it produces a lot of gas, stays pretty cool and doesn't need any maintenance other than filling it up with distilled water.

Helix: Depending on the non-corrosive grade of steel used this desing works reasonably good although they don't match the quality of the round tube or plates design. It got very hot and the gas production per watts was not good. The electrodes also got dirty. We think it is the material of the electrodes used. In general: not recommended.

Note:
There exists different qualities in HHO gas, depending on generator design. So, not all generator designs do actually produce high quality of HHO gas. (quality depends on the mixture of Hydrogen and Oxygen).

If the quality of HHO gas is low there can be other gases than Hydrogen and Oxygen in the gas mix (like co2 etc.). Which can be dangerous or make the gas highly explosive. Good quality HHO gas is pure oxygen and hydrogen and is highly implosive. This gas first implodes and than explodes. (within a millisecond).

How to build a HHO generator

2009-04-18T19:19:00.000-07:00

take plastic box, drill two holes in the lid one for the water inlet, use the threaded PVC with cap. the other for the brass barb gas outlet. dill a hole on the bottom right side of the box and install the drain plug.
take the stainless steel plates and run the two bolts through them, placing a washer between each plate as you stack them; make sure they fit in the box with the lid closed! put a nut on each bolt and clip or solder the electric terminals to the plates and drill the holes for them to come out of the side of the box.
with the plates installed, you can add a viewing window with a clear tube and 2 90 angle plugs drilled in the side of the box. connect your negative to chassis ground and then the positive to the relay and relay to switch and battery, ground your other wires from the switch and the relay to the chassis.

Things You’ll Need:

8X 6"x4" stainless steel 16 gauge plates with two holes drilled through evenly spaced.
two long bolts with nuts and 8 spacers for each bolt.
two electric end terminals
1/2 inch brass hose barb
1/2 pvc threaded connector and cap with rubber washer
12 gauge wire one spool
end connector clips and a 30 amp inline fuse and 30 relay and led switch
6.5"x6.5"x4.5" plastic box with lid and screws

Electrolyte Catalysts

2009-04-18T19:06:00.000-07:00

Distilled water alone will not conduct electricity sufficiently for electrolysis at automobile voltages, impurities in tap water and other natural sources are responsible for making water conductive. In order to perform electrolysis, we use distilled water to keep our cells clean from contaminants that will eventually dirty up or damage our cell and reduce production, they may also generate unwanted by-products. The use of a suitable catalyst allows our distilled water to conduct electricity.

The following catalysts are more commonly used, please note that this is not a list of the best catalysts, merely those that are generally used. To follow is a discussion on the suitability of each.

Salt

Baking Soda

Potassium Hydroxide

Sodium Hydroxide

Vinegar

Salt
This is a bad catalyst to use, it will facilitate a reaction but will produce chlorine gas as a by-product. Salt will also cause damage to your electrodes over time.

Baking Soda
Baking Soda will create carbon monoxide and dioxide gas and damage your electrodes eventually.

Potassium Hydroxide
Potassium Hydroxide, or KOH to use the chemical name, is by far one of the best catalysts for electrolysis. KOH remains neutral in electrolysis in that it is not consumed by the process, in other words, as your electrolyte level goes down all you will need to do is add more distilled water.

Be very careful with Potassium Hydroxide, it will burn if it gets onto your skin. Always keep some vinegar around as a rinsing agent, should you spill any on your skin.

The safest way to use KOH is to collect a small amount of your distilled water in a glass / beaker / jar etc and then add the KOH to the water. DO NOT do this the other way around and add the water to the KOH! After you have added your KOH to your draw off of water, pour the water into the generator. This method will aid the dispersal of the catalyst around your electrolyte.

Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide, or NaOH to use the chemical name, is another decent and popular catalyst, commonly used in drain cleaner. Some drain cleaners state 100% Sodium Hydroxide on the container and are suitable to use as a source of this catalyst. You should handle and add the NaOH in the same manner as KOH. NaOH can be more difficult to dissolve, this can be eased by adding it to hot distilled water.

Sodium Hydroxide, like KOH, will not used up by the reaction so will need to be topped off.
VinegarDistilled White Vinegar may be used as an electrolyte solution on its own, it contains generally about 95% distilled water. In use it will require stronger cell voltages to provide high production and will break down, leaving a residue which must be cleaned out of your cell periodically.

Conclusions
From my own experiences, and those of others, I would recommend using Potassium Hydroxide as your catalyst. It is commonly used in the making of soap and can be obtained from cosmetic suppliers. KOH is also referred to as 'Potash'.

The Hydroxy Fuel Cell

2009-04-18T18:38:00.000-07:00

The Hydroxy Fuel Cell works by using electrolysis to split it's electrolyte, mainly water into Hydrogen and Oxygen. The complete process is represented as follows:

H2O + POWER = H+ + H+ + O--

With KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) added the formula changes:

KOH + H2O + POWER = H+ + H+ + H+ + K+ + O-- + O--

While Hydrogen and Oxygen are generated (and used) the Potassium (K+) remains in the Fuel Cell and ready to re-combine with subsequent refills.

The Hydroxy fuel Cell (AHFC) design was chosen by Alternative Energy Resources after evaluating numerous technology variations from around the world as well as constraints faced by the average motorist. The cell had to be small enough to fit in most modern cars, yet, produce enough HHO to satisfy most family cars.

According to Tom Punch, a designer of hydrogen fuel cells:

"Here at Punch HHO we pride ourselves in delivering the most efficient HHO cells available today. Every day we work on innovative ideas to assure that our products are only of the highest quality and durability.

With our Punch HHO cells you will have a cleaner running engine without giving up your horsepower! Actually, with our HHO cells you will slightly increase your horsepower! Don't want to purchase a hybrid or trade in the vehicle you love but you want to save on gas? Then this is the product for you!

This is a prototype cell that we have been developing over the past year. Our goal is to provide you with the most efficient electrolyzers available! We feel that we have accomplished this goal with our Punch 1.0 cell and now added to our family is the new and innovative Punch 2.0, producing a constant output of 2.5 liters per minute of HHO.

Where wire is nice and will work, it's thin. If you know anything about electronics you know that thin conductors at any length become very resistant and act like long thin resistors making extreme amounts of heat, even in low current applications. But, with the PUNCH cell we use large flat stainless steel plates. These plates are highly conductive and do not get hot like wire. They also provide 1,000 times more surface area than even the largest amount of wire you could stuff into a cell this size."

Turn your Vehicle into a Hybrid

2009-04-18T18:22:00.000-07:00

HHO generators are the latest development in Hydrogen-On-Demand systems for all engines/diesel. Cheapest, simplest tech available!

Main benefits:

Improve MPG by up to 35%.
Drastically reduce emissions.
Greatly enhance engine power & performance.
Remove carbon deposits and prevent future carbon build up.
Reduce engine operating temperature.
Notice a calmer, quieter, much smoother engine operation, smoother gearshifts.
Enjoy a longer life expectancy of your engine, especially pistons, valves, rings & bearings.

Again, water is supplemental to gasoline. However it is possible and VERY EASY to extract energy from water to run your car on water too.

We have developed devices that use a little electricity out of your car's battery, to separate water into a gas called HHO (2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen). HHO, also called Brown's Gas or Hydroxy, burns beautifully and provides TONS of energy - while the end product is just WATER! Mobile Magazine says HHO provides the atomic power of Hydrogen, while maintaining the chemical stability of water.

DID YOU KNOW: Pound for pound HHO GAS IS 3 TIMES MORE POTENT THAN GASOLINE!!! HHO is a fast growing trend for boosting performance and MPG.# We took a 90-year-old suppressed technology,

You will discover how affordable yet very effective these devices are.
Easy to install & maintain.
Good for carb/fuel injection, gas/diesel. Old/new cars, light trucks.

HHO Generator Installation Instructions

2009-04-18T18:07:00.000-07:00

HHO Generator Safety Advice

Incorrectly installing or incorrectly using Water fuel technology may result in serious damage or body injury. Read and follow the instructions and safety precautions given here and in relevant places throughout this book to avoid these hazards. If you do not understand these instructions or do not like working on vehicles, have your mechanic do the installation.
It should take 20 to 30 minutes to install.Work outside, no smoking; make sure the engine is not hot.Wear goggles and gloves and only use professional tools; use common sense and general safety procedures used for automotive installations and maintenance. If you're not sure, ASK!
Yes, HHO is combustible – AFTER IT ENTERS THE ENGINE – that's the whole point. Yet your Water fuel system does NOT store hydrogen when installed properly, so there is no fire hazard due to hydrogen storage. So again, don't let people who don't understand the system intimidate you or tell you about non-existent hazards. Waterfuel technology cools downthe engine and adds safety to any car.

HHO Generator Installation

Mount the HHO Water fuel device in the engine compartment. It should be mounted flat and level, and secured is such a manner as to assure that it cannot bounce around when the vehicle hits bumps etc.
Position the device so that it can easily be accessed and can be conveniently removed and filled with water, or cleaned, serviced or inspected.
IMPORTANT: INSTALL THE DEVICE AWAY FROM HOT AREAS as much as possible. If you're not sure where that is, Harbor Freight Tools has a digital non-contact thermometer for under $7 (item 93983-2VGA). Use this tool to locate the coolest available place in the engine area.
I cannot give you an exact number here for what is “too hot”, because there is a combination of heating factors here: weather, engine, and the electrolysis process itself. All I can tell you that in two cases the electrolyzer mostly melted and only the glass survived. In both cases this occurred as a result of
(1) too much heat radiated by the engine through the air to the electrolyzer, and
(2) too much electrolyte in the HHO generator. There is a situation called Thermal Runaway, where an increase in temperature changes the conditions (in this case the rise in electrical current) that causes a further increase in temperature - leading to a destructive result.
You can prevent this from happening by: 1. Use ONLY DISTILLED WATER. Filtered water are NOT distilled water!
2. Starting with no more than 1/8 teaspoon of baking soda, and add gradually only when you're sure no excess heat is being generated.
3. Install away from heat. If this is not possible block the engine heat as much as possible by placing a heat shield (bubble wrap covered by aluminum foil) between the electrolyzer and the engine. Leave at least 1-2” air space around the electrolyzer.
A mounting bracket can be easily fashioned from copper and/or galvanized plumber’s strap. (Not supplied.) In other cases a small rubber pad (not supplied and usually not necessary) and/or two bungee cords (not supplied) may be adequate. Rarely there may be vehicles that do not have enough space in the engine compartment to mount the device.
A possible solution is to use the area in front of the radiator. Fasten the device to the car's frame or anything other the radiator, belts or moving parts, and make sure that it does not touch the radiator. That's it for the mechanical installation and location. Now let's move for connections and supply lines. The HHO Water4Gas device is operated by vacuum pressure from your vehicle’s engine, plus 12 Volt supply from your vehicle’s electrical system.

Vacuum and the HHO Generator

Vacuum lines are supplied from the engine to various car systems, and you should best use the system that gets the highest vacuum. The idea is to Suck the HHO into a place such as the Carburetor or the Intake Manifold, where it can be automatically mixed with the existing fuel/air mixture. Connect the output to the carb/intake manifold.
CAUTION: DO NOT USE THE BRAKES VACUUM LINE. This is usually a very thick black hose that connects between the engine and the Brake Vacuum Booster (usually a large drum on the firewall on the driver side): The PCV valve* line usually makes a good connection.
Vehicles with EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) should also be connected at or near the intake manifold. * Positive Crankcase Ventilation valve, or PCV valve, is a one-way valve that ensures continual refreshment of the air inside a gasoline internal combustion engine's crankcase.
WARNING: DO NOT SHORTEN THE VACUUM LINE between the engine intake and the jar. Keep the line (hose) at least 4 ft long. This length must be kept to enhance safety and prevent damage to the device.
A universal vacuum line T-Connector is provided as well as a length of vacuum hose to make the connection. A wide range of vacuum fittings is readily available at any auto parts store (plastic fittings will do for this use). Note that the Universal Vacuum T-Connector is...well, universal. Its edges are usually too small for the hose, and should be trimmed (edge cut off) with a knife.

HHO Generator and the Electrical System

The HHO generator is designed to operate on 12 Volts. Refer to the wiring diagram below. If you’re not sure consult your auto mechanic (electric), or contact us for help.
1. Connect the black terminal of the device to the negative terminal of the vehicle’s battery, using the wire WITHOUT FUSE (black wire). If the battery is too far, connect it to the firewall or extend the wire all the way to the battery.
2. Identify a point in your vehicle’s electrical system which has a 12 Volts (positive) present ONLY WHEN THE ENGINE IS ON (Position 2 of the Ignition Switch), such as the starter solenoid, window wiper motor, or similar circuit.
3. Turn the switch off and take out the key. Connect positive (12 Volts) to the red terminal of the device, using the FUSED wire supplied (red), to the point you’ve identified above.
4. To protect the wiring from long term damage, you can now put the newly installed wires into what's called “split flex tubing”. You can find it in all major hardware stores such as Ace, Home Depot. Don't buy it online ($5 +S&H) because in the shop it's only 99 cents for 10 ft.
NOTES:In most newer vehicles the fuses are located in a box, in the engine compartment. I just plug the wire into the fuse holder and reinsert the fuse. Usually it is a 10 Amp or 15 Amp ignition circuit, that I use. In some older cars where there was nofuse box to connect to, the wiper motor was found most useful as a supply point. I just splice into the SWITCHED 12 Volts and it works well. ? In some cars the electrical system may be in reverse (RED wire to the body of the car, or to the battery itself). If it gets confusing, consult an auto electrician who isfamiliar with your specific model.

Final Steps of HHO Generator Setup.

Fill the jar with DISTILLED WATER, leaving 1” of free space at the top. Add 1/8 teaspoon of Electrolyte (pure Baking Soda) to the 32oz HHO Generator.
Close the jar. HHO Units should draw about 2 AMPS of power. More Baking Soda may be added but, make sure the units operate cool and don't overheat. Running the units too hot will create steam and that will cause a drop in mileage and engine performance.

Test Run Your HHO Generator.

1. Start with NO electricity, by taking out the fuse or leaving one of the terminals disconnected (make sure it doesn't touch metal parts of the car to prevent fuse blowout).
2. Turn the Vacuum Adjustment Valve (sometimes called “Bubbler Cap” or just “Bubbler”) fully CLOCKWISE. Then turn it half-turn COUNTER-CLOCKWISE.
3. Turn the engine and watch the bubbling action coming out of the lower end of the thin tubing inside the device (here by the way is the great advantage of having a strong glass jar instead of metal or non clear plastic – total transparency andvisibility!) Gradually turn the Vacuum Adjustment Valve and watch the bubbling action in the jar. Adjust the valve until there is a small amount of bubbling action.
4. Turn off the engine.
5. Connect the electricity by putting the fuse on and making sure all connections are tight (hand force only).
6. Start the engine again and watch the electrolyzing action between the spiral electrodes. A yellowish gas (HHO) will start forming and flow toward the top of the jar.
7. Within a short time (roughly 30 seconds), you will notice that the engine starts to sound quite differently. It will sound smoother and quieter. Its RPM may be unstable for a couple minutes. This is normal – the HHO is starting to change thecombustion cycle and cancels the pinging – and the engine is now adjusting to the changes.
Congratulations! Your HHO Generator system is now ready to go! Enjoy it To learn more about HHO Generator installation, click here.

How to keep HHO Electrolyte from freezing during winter

2009-04-18T18:02:00.000-07:00

HHO Electrolyte solution is OK to freeze in the winter but it can cause your HHO generator to produce less hho or worst case it may crack the housing. It's better to keep it from freezing. Here is a solution that works well...

Ingredents:
-------------
White Vinegar
Baking Soda
Isopropyl Alcohol
Hydrogen Peroxide

Mix 3 table spoons soda and two ounces vinegar in a pan. These will react and make ascetic acid and sodium acetate (this is used to de-se airport runways). This will bubble as it reacts.

3 cups of rain water and warm it up (or use melted snow) then add the above solution.
stir until it is dissolved. Let cool.
Add 1 cup of isopropyl alcohol and mix
Add two capfuls of hydrogen peroxide

Now to test... Just drop a 9 volt battery in solution and the battery should bubble.