InfinityWorld Hub

History Of Java

alokp896@gmail.com (InfinityWorld Hub) — Thu, 10 Jan 2019 21:13:00 +0530

History Of Java

To know about history of java, we go through the following point.

Content:

What are the reasons for java came into existence?

When was java available?

What are features of java initially?

What are features of java currently?

Versions of java.

1. What is purpose of java:

After 1945, Second World War, the world was divided into three group. As shown in figure.

And after Internet came in existence in 1990, these three group are connected through internet. Due to internet came in existence programmer starts sharing program file to different region of world. But they got error while executing the program file because different type of operating system used in different region. So we need a programming language which support portability and Java is one language which support portability.

2. When was Java available:

In 1985, James Gosling with ten members started a project on programming language in Sun Microsystem company in California.

They worked on a programming language which have following features:

Occupy less memory
Object oriented Programming
structured
Portable

So finally 1992, java released unofficially and in 1996 java released officially.

3. What are the features of java initially?

In 1992, Java was the product of Sun Microsystem. Under Sun Microsystem features of java was shown below.

Object oriented programming language
Free downloadable
Portable
Open source

Here Open source means employee of a company, freelancer and employee of other company can add features for java.

4. What are features of java currently
In 2010, Oracle bought java and under Oracle features of java is shown below.

Object oriented programming language
Free downloadable
Portable
Closed source

Here closed source means employee of the company only can add the features to the java programming language.

5. Versions of java:

S.No.	--	--	Version	--	--	Name	--	--	Release Year
1	--	--	Java 1.0	--	--	oak	--	--	jan 23,1996
2	--	--	Java 1.1	--	--	-	--	--	feb 19,1997	--	--
3	--	--	Java 1.2	--	--	Playground	--	--	Dec 08,1998
4	--	--	Java 1.3	--	--	Kestrel	--	--	May 08,2000
5	--	--	Java 1.4	--	--	Merlin	--	--	Feb 06,2002
6	--	--	Java 5	--	--	Tiger	--	--	Sept 30,2004
7	--	--	Java 6	--	--	Mustang	--	--	Dec 11,2006
8	--	--	Java 7	--	--	Dolphin	--	--	July 28,2011
9	--	--	Java 8	--	--	Spider	--	--	March 18,2014
10	--	--	Java 9	--	--	-	--	--	Spet 21,2017
11	--	--	Java 10	--	--	-	--	--	March 20,2018
12	--	--	Java 11	--	--	-	--	--	Sept 25,2018
13	--	--	Java 12	--	--	-	--	--	Yet to released

History Of High Level Language

alokp896@gmail.com (InfinityWorld Hub) — Wed, 9 Jan 2019 16:10:00 +0530

History Of High Level Language:

Content:

BPCL
B
C
C++
JAVA

1. BPCL (Basic programming computer language):

In 1962, a high level programming language was developed by "Martin Recheared". This high level language is known as Basic Programming Computer Language.

Advantage: High level language
Disadvantage: Occupy more memory

2. B

In 1960's, due to less memory free for programming and at that time programmer did not have more storage in MB or GB. So that they were facing problem in written long code.In 1965,Ken Thompson a programmer created an upgraded version of BPCL and named it "B".(Because it takes less memory as compared to BPCL so named B).

Advantages: Occupy less memory, High level language.

Disadvantage: Unstructured.

3. C

After the successful 7 year of B, in 1972 a new language was invented by "Denish Ritchie" and named it C. Named as C because it is one step ahead B language.The main reason for creation of new language is unstructured of B.

Here unstructured means only one function can be created in a program. So that a programmer can write all code in main function only. Think that, 1000 line code in a function.😭

Advantages: Occupy less memory, Structured.

Disadvantage: Not Object oriented.

4. C++
It has Increment feature in C therefore named as C++. The main feature of C++ is object oriented programming language.What is object oriented? What is object oriented features? which we in different level. It was created by "Stroupstrup" in 1982.

Advantages: occupy less memory, Object oriented.
Disadvantage: Not portable

5. Java
The history of java : Click Here

History Of Programming Language

alokp896@gmail.com (InfinityWorld Hub) — Fri, 4 Jan 2019 21:43:00 +0530

History of programming language:

Topic covered:
1. Machine Level Language
2. Assembly Level Language
3. High Level Language

The history of programming start with the invention of microprocessor. When microprocessor was invented to run a task through it, we need a language which can acceptable by microprocessor because CPU or memory can understand only 0 and 1's i.e. it can understand only machine level language.
1. Machine level language:
At that time, in 1940’s the first language was written in binary form named as “Machine level language”. Microprocessor work on high or low voltage form. So in binary 1 is denoted to high and 0 to low. As shown in below PPT, MLL contain binary code 0's and 1's. To run just one click on it.

This is an embedded Microsoft Office presentation, powered by Office Online.

Note: MLL

Machine level language(MLL). First MLL file directly process with microprocessor and result shown at output windows.

2. Assembly level language:
It can not be easy to remember the code in 0 and 1 form. So, in 1950's developer developed a different type of language which is known as "Assembly Level Language". ALL(Assembly level language) is consist of mnemonics. Mnemonics is combination of some english keywords(ADD,SUB ....) and 0, 1.
But there was a problem that microprocessor can not able to read ALL form. So we need a converter which convert ALL to MLL. Here Assembler is used to convert ALL to MLL.
Just one click on PPT window.
This is an embedded Microsoft Office presentation, powered by Office Online.

Note: ALL

Assembly level language(ALL). First ALL file convert to MLL then MLL file directly process with microprocessor and result shown at output windows.

Assembler is a software which takes assembly level language as input and convert it to the machine level language.

3. High level Language:
It is also not easy to do programming in ALL. So, another language invented in 1960's because when a person is in comfort zone they do not think so much. But when they are facing problem then they will gone for solution. At last High level language(HLL) was invented.
HLL contain code in symbol or english like statements. There is also a problem, that is cpu can not able to understand HLL. So, we need a converter and that is compiler.

This is an embedded Microsoft Office presentation, powered by Office Online.

Note: HLL

High level language(HLL). First HLL file convert to MLL then MLL file directly process with microprocessor and result shown at output windows.

Compiler is a software which takes high level language as input and convert it to the machine level language.

For any suggestion comment below.

Line follower robot

alokp896@gmail.com (InfinityWorld Hub) — Tue, 6 Mar 2018 09:48:00 +0530

Hey guys, today we gonna make a Line following robot. LFR (Line following robot) is basically follow a path of black line on white page or white line on black page. If you want to make a line following robot you must be follow these following step and you also known about the working principle of IR sensor.

Step 1: Component detail
1. Atmega8 development kit
2. Two DC motor
3. Jumper wire (Male to male and female)
4. Two IR sensor
We also need following software for development
1. AVR studio
2. HID boot flash

Step 2: Assembling process

/

Step 3: Coding Part

// Project name  : Black_Line_Follower_Robot_for_ATmega16_IBOT_mini_V3
// Designed By   : Alok Kumar PAndey

/* Program for "Black Line Follower Robot" 
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Connection settings of the Kit

Pins of IR sensor is connected with the PortA of the MCU

Left Sensor -----> PA4
Right Sensor-----> PA5

Left Motor  -----> PB0,PB1
Right Motor -----> PB2,PB3

BOOTLooder Condition Check--->PA0(If 0 bootler section else program execution section of Flash memory)
Crystal Ossilator(12MHz)----->XTAL1,XTAL2
VB=Battery Supply
VCC=regulated 5V+
Gnd=Ground(0V)

#define F_CPU 12000000UL  // define MCU Clock speed
#include <avr/io.h>       // include avr header file
#include <util/delay.h>   // include delay header file

int main(void)      // main function
{
DDRA=0b00000000;          // declare PortA as a input port connected to the sensors
DDRB=0b11111111;          // declare PortB as a output port connected to the motors

int left_sensor=0, right_sensor=0;

while(1) // infinite loop
 {
 left_sensor=PINA&0b00010000;    // mask PA4 bit of Port A
 right_sensor=PINA&0b00100000;   // mask PA5 bit of Port A
  
  
 if((left_sensor==0b00000000) && (right_sensor==0b00000000))     // if both sensors "off"
  {
  PORTB=0b00000000;   // stop 
  }

if((left_sensor==0b00010000) && (right_sensor==0b00100000))     // if both sensors "on"
  {
        PORTB=0b00001001;  // move straight
  }
   
 if((left_sensor==0b00000000) && (right_sensor==0b00100000))  // if left sensor off but right sensor on
        {
  PORTB=0b00000001; // turn left
        }

if((left_sensor==0b00010000)&(right_sensor==0b00000000))  ////if left sensor on but right sensor off
        {
  PORTB=0b00001000; // turn right
  }

}      // while closed

}         //  main closed

Open the Hid boot Loader and follow the following path
How to flash in HIDboot loader
Step 4: Ok Guys, we almost done. The project connection are according to the code. The connection description are shown in the Coding part.

Thanking you guys.
If you need any help comment on this.!!!!👇👇👇👇😊

Arduino UNO Introduction

alokp896@gmail.com (InfinityWorld Hub) — Mon, 15 Jan 2018 10:47:00 +0530

Features

The arduino uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328.
Operating voltage 5V.
Input voltage 7V-12V.(Recommended)
Input voltage 6V-20V.(Limit)
DC current per I/O Pin 40mA.
DC current for 3.3V Pin 50mA.
Flash memory 32 KB.
Static random access memory SRAM 2KB.
Electrically erasable programmable read only memory EEPROM 1KB.
Lock speed 16 MHz.

PIN Diagram

Basic Pin layout of Arduino

Most of these pins are connected to input/ output device.
Pin 0 and pin 1 is used to receive Rx and transmit Tx the serial data.
Pin 2 and pin 3 are external interrupts. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on low value or a change of a value.
For Pulse width modulation PWM pins 3, 5,6, 9, 10 and 11 are provide 8 bits data or PWM output.
The UNO has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0-A5, each of these pins provide 10 bits. This means that each pins has 1024 different value.
RST : reset is as a button which brings the low line of reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
AREF : PIN 22, This is used as a reference voltage for the analog inputs.

AVR Introduction

alokp896@gmail.com (InfinityWorld Hub) — Sat, 13 Jan 2018 12:10:00 +0530

AVR Introduction

ATmega8 microcontroller

8-bit microcontroller
Advanced RISC Architecture
512 Bytes EEPROM
In-system programming by On-chip boot program
23 programmable I/O lines
28 lead PDIP
3 PWM channel
6 channel ADC in PDIP package
4.5V-5.5V operating voltages

ATmega8 microcontroller

Pin diagram

ATmega8 microcontroller

Pin configuration

PORT B, PORT C and PORT D each port have 8 pins.
PIN 2 : RXD, Usart serial communication interface
PIN 3 : TXD, Usart serial communication interface
PIN 4 : INT0, I/O pin, External interrupt
PIN 5 : INT1, I/O pin, External interrupt
PIN 6 : XCK, Timer external counter input, Usart external clock I/O
PIN 7 : VCC
PIN 8 : GND
PIN 9 : XTAL1
PIN 10 : XTAL2
PIN 11 : T1, Timer external counter input
PIN 12 : AIN0, Analog comparator positive input
PIN 13 : AIN1, Analog comparator negative input
PIN 14 : ICP1, Timer/ Counter1 input capture pin
PIN 15 : OC1A, I/O pin, PWM channel output
PIN 16 : OC1B, I/O pin, PWM channel output
PIN 17 : OC2, I/O pin, Timer/ counter output compare match output
PIN 18 : MISO, Master input and slave output
PIN 19 : SCK, Serial clock
PIN 20 : AVCC, For analog to digital converter
PIN 21 : AREF, For referance voltage
PIN 22 : GND, For ADC
PIN 23 : ADC0
PIN 24 : ADC1
PIN 25 : ADC2
PIN 26 : ADC3
PIN 27 : SDA, TWI interface
PIN 28 : SCL, TWI interface

👉 PIN 23-PIN 28 : ADC channel, input pins.

Bluetooth App Setting

alokp896@gmail.com (InfinityWorld Hub) — Tue, 9 Jan 2018 19:09:00 +0530

Description:

A wireless technology used to exchange data over short distance. It is used short wavelength UHF radio wave. It is operate at a frequencies between 24000 and 2483.5 Mhz. Bluetooth is more useful to transfer data with two are more devices in low band with situation.

Bluetooth is also used to transfer sound data which as application in mobile phones.

Bluetooth Module HC05

APK Download Link: Giumig apps Arduino bluetooth controller

Paring system:

We use Arduino Bluetooth controller APK for connecting bluetooth to bot. In this APK there are four mode for controlling. These are...

Controller mode
Switch mode
Dimmer mode
Terminal mode

Step For APK Setting :

Step 1: Connect Bluetooth Module with Auduino.

Arduino ----> Bluetooth module

Rx ----> Tx

Tx -----> Rx

Vcc -----> 5v

Gnd -----> Gnd.

Step 2: Open APK on your phone

Click on which Bluetooth module you have, If you have HC 05 then it shows on your screen HC 05 and for HC 06 it shows HC 06.

Step 3: Select mode according to your requirement. Basically we use controller mode. Click on controller mode.

Step 4: Click on setting button, which shown at corner of screen. Put value according to image.

Each value define different movement of boat. See program for value difinition :

final-year-project-floor-cleaning-robot

final-year-project-pick-and-place-robot

Thank you!

For any query, Comment on this below👇

Final Year Project: Pick and Place Robot

alokp896@gmail.com (InfinityWorld Hub) — Wed, 27 Dec 2017 00:42:00 +0530

Pick and Place Robot

The project is designed to develop a pick and place robotic vehicle with a soft catching gripper. The project will include development of an android app and mobile robot which will be able to move objects from one place to another. Thus controlling the vehicle remotely. Remote operation is achieved by any smart-phone/Tablet etc., with Android OS; upon a GUI (Graphical User Interface) based touch screen operation. This prototype will pave path for real life models using the same concept.

The vehicle will be controlled by the android application device at the transmitting end, which will send signal i.e. ASCII code, to Bluetooth module (HC-05) which is employed as an interface between Mobile and vehicle (robot). The microcontroller is coded using AVR Studio for controlling of the motors, both to move the robotic vehicle and to control the gripping of the objects through the arm.

Steps for Designing :-

Step 1:- Component name.

1. ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER DEVELOPEMENT BOARD.
2. L293D MOTOR DRIVER IC/L298N MODULE.

3. 7805 POWER SUPPLY IC.

4. DC MOTOR.
5. SERVO MOTOR.
6. ROBOTIC ARM GRIPPER
7. BLUETOOTH DEVICE.
8. ROBOT BODY
9. WHEEL.
10. BATTERY.

Bluetooth app setup :- bluetooth-app-setting

Component images

Arduino UNO

L298N Motor driver module

Servo Motor

Gripper

Bluetooth Module HC05

Robot Body

Step:-2 Circuit Diagram.

Step:-3 Source Code.

#define m11 8
#define m12 9
#define m21 10
#define m22 11
#define m31 6
#define m32 7
#define m41 12
#define m42 13
char str[2], i;
void forward()
{
  digitalWrite(m11, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(m12, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m21, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m22, HIGH);
}

void backward()
{
  digitalWrite(m11, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m12, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(m21, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(m22, LOW);
}

void left()
{
  digitalWrite(m11, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(m21, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m22, HIGH);
}

void right()
{
  digitalWrite(m11, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(m12, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(m21, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(m22, LOW);
}

void Stop()
{
  digitalWrite(m11, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m12, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m21, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m22, LOW);
}
void Start()
{
  digitalWrite(m31, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m32, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m41, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m42, LOW);
}
void Up()
{
  digitalWrite(m31, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(m32, LOW);
}
void Pick()
{
  digitalWrite(m41, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(m42, LOW);
}
void Free()
{
  digitalWrite(m31, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m32, HIGH);
}
void Down()
{
  digitalWrite(m41, LOW);
  digitalWrite(m42, HIGH);
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(m11, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(m12, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(m21, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(m22, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(m31, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(m32, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(m41, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(m42, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()
{
  while (Serial.available())
  {
    char ch = Serial.read();
    str[i++] = ch;

if (str[i - 1] == '1')
    {
      Serial.println("Forward");
      forward();
      i = 0;
    }

else if (str[i - 1] == '2')
    {
      Serial.println("Left");
      right();
      i = 0;
    }

else if (str[i - 1] == '3')
    {
      Serial.println("Right");
      left();
      i = 0;
    }

else if (str[i - 1] == '4')
    {
      Serial.println("Backward");
      backward();
      i = 0;
    }

else if (str[i - 1] == '5')
    {
      Serial.println("Stop");
      Stop();
      i = 0;
    }
     else if (str[i - 1] == '6')
    {
      Serial.println("Start");
      Start();
      i = 0;
    }
     else if (str[i - 1] == '7')
    {
      Serial.println("Up");
      Up();
      i = 0;
    }
     else if (str[i - 1] == '8')
    {
      Serial.println("Pick");
      Pick();
      i = 0;
    }
     else if (str[i - 1] == '9')
    {
      Serial.println("Free");
      Free();
      i = 0;
    }
     else if (str[i - 1] == '0')
    {
      Serial.println("Down");
      Down();
      i = 0;
    }
    delay(100);
  }
}

Step:-4 Complete assembled robot images.

Download Source code and Circuit layout:- DOWNLOAD

Thank you!
For any query, comment on this.

Final year project : Floor Cleaning Robot

alokp896@gmail.com (InfinityWorld Hub) — Sun, 24 Dec 2017 00:42:00 +0530

FLOOR CLEANING ROBOT

The Product developed is definitely a very important product in robotics and floor cleaning area . Also the algorithm implemented is not very effective. So there is definitely current scope for improvement and optimization till the most effective product is being developed. After optimizing the algorithm and taking it to the heuristic based search like bee algorithm it will be a great product and can revolutionize this industry. Definitely it has very huge potential. Also we can use 1 vacuum pump instead two so that it will be cost effective and very energy saving product with less vibration and much control over the robot. The robot having 33*30*8 cm in dimension is very compact in nature and can go beneath any furniture and bed. This is also very handy in portability. The scrubber of the robot now consists of small plastic fibers .But it can be further improved so that the surface area of the scrubber will come 90% in contact with the floor.

STEP FOR DESIGNING

STEP 1:- Required component list

1. Arduino Uno R3

2. L293D Motor driver IC

3. Jumper wire

4. Glue gun

5. DC Motor 150 above rpm-3

6. Water pump

7. Scrubber

8. Thin water pipe

9. Chassis

10. Dummy motor

11. Bluetooth module HC05/HC06

Bluetooth app setup :- bluetooth-app-setting

STEP 2:- Circuit Layout

There are four motor, two motor for bot movement and two motor show as water pump and scrubber.

STEP 3:- PCB Layout and Breadboard Layout

STEP 4:- Coding part

#define m11 8

#define m12 9

#define m21 10

#define m22 11

#define m31 6

#define m32 7

#define m41 12

#define m42 13

char str[2], i;

void forward()

{

digitalWrite(m11, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m12, LOW);

digitalWrite(m21, LOW);

digitalWrite(m22, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m31, LOW);

digitalWrite(m32, LOW);

}

void backward()

{

digitalWrite(m11, LOW);

digitalWrite(m12, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m21, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m22, LOW);

digitalWrite(m31, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m32, LOW);

}

void left()

{

digitalWrite(m11, LOW);

digitalWrite(m12, HIGH);

delay(100);

digitalWrite(m21, LOW);

digitalWrite(m22, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m31, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m32, LOW);

}

void right()

{

digitalWrite(m11, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m12, LOW);

delay(100);

digitalWrite(m21, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m22, LOW);

digitalWrite(m31, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m32, LOW);

}

void Stop()

{

digitalWrite(m11, LOW);

digitalWrite(m12, LOW);

digitalWrite(m21, LOW);

digitalWrite(m22, LOW);

digitalWrite(m31, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m32, LOW);

}

void Start()

{

digitalWrite(m31, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m32, LOW);

digitalWrite(m41, HIGH);

digitalWrite(m42, LOW);

}

void Scrb()

{

digitalWrite(m1, LOW);

digitalWrite(m2, LOW);

}

void Pump()

{

digitalWrite(m31, LOW);

digitalWrite(m32, LOW);

}

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(m11, OUTPUT);

pinMode(m12, OUTPUT);

pinMode(m21, OUTPUT);

pinMode(m22, OUTPUT);

pinMode(m31, OUTPUT);

pinMode(m32, OUTPUT);

pinMode(m41, OUTPUT);

pinMode(m42, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

while (Serial.available())

{

char ch = Serial.read();

str[i++] = ch;

if (str[i - 1] == '1')

{

Serial.println("Forward");

forward();

i = 0;

}

else if (str[i - 1] == '2')

{

Serial.println("Left");

right();

i = 0;

}

else if (str[i - 1] == '3')

{

Serial.println("Right");

left();

i = 0;

}

else if (str[i - 1] == '4')

{

Serial.println("Backward");

backward();

i = 0;

}

else if (str[i - 1] == '5')

{

Serial.println("Stop");

Stop();

i = 0;

}

else if (str[i - 1] == '6')

{

Serial.println("Start");

Start();

i = 0;

}

else if (str[i - 1] == '7')

{

Serial.println("Scrb");

Scrb();

i = 0;

}

else if (str[i - 1] == '8')

{

Serial.println("Pump");

Pump();

i = 0;

}

delay(100);

}

STEP 5:- Project complete

Video:

Download code and circuit layout ::-Download

Thank you.

If Any query regarding this project, Comment on this

InfinityWorld Hub

History Of Java

History Of Java

What are the reasons for java came into existence? When was java available? What are features of java initially? What are features of java currently? Versions of java. 1. What is purpose of java:

History Of High Level Language

History Of High Level Language:

History Of Programming Language

History of programming language:

Note: MLL

Note: ALL

Note: HLL

Line follower robot

Arduino UNO Introduction

AVR Introduction

AVR Introduction

ATmega8 microcontroller

Bluetooth App Setting

Description:

Paring system:

Final Year Project: Pick and Place Robot

Pick and Place Robot

Final year project : Floor Cleaning Robot

FLOOR CLEANING ROBOT

What are the reasons for java came into existence?

When was java available?

What are features of java initially?

What are features of java currently?

Versions of java.

1. What is purpose of java: