B. once the kicker or holder has advanced 5 yards beyond his free kick line.

Rule Reference(s): 9-3-4; 9.3.4 SITUATION

9-3-4

The kicker or place-kick holder of a free kick may not be blocked before:

a. He has advanced 5 yards beyond his free-kick line; or
b. The kick has touched the ground or any other player.

9.3.4 SITUATION

From his 40-yard line, K1 kicks the ball laterally and short on a kickoff, hoping his team can recover just beyond R’s free-kick line. The ball bounces immediately after being kicked. K1 is blocked by R1: (a) on his 42-yard line; or (b) on his 43-yard line, 5 yards from the sideline. RULING: Legal block in both (a) and (b) if the contact is above the waist. As soon as the ball touches the ground, the kicker/ holder may be contacted with a legal block.

B. if a dead-ball foul occurs.

Rule Reference(s): 4-3-7; 4.3.7 SITUATION

4-3-7

When a team may designate the spot along the proper yard line from which the ball is to be put in play, it shall have the same privilege if the down is to be replayed or a dead-ball foul occurs.

4.3.7 SITUATION

With the score tied near the end of the fourth period, R1 signals for a fair catch and catches the kick at K’s 40. After a time-out, the captain of R advises the referee that he wishes to put the ball in play by snap. A1 throws a pass intended for A2. B1 interferes with A2 and the pass is incomplete. Following administration of the penalty, the captain of R decides to put the ball in play by free kick from K’s 25 as a field-goal attempt. RULING: This is permissible and the clock will not start until the kick is touched, other than first touching by K. This is one of the times a field goal may be scored by a free kick. The captain may request a time-out prior to making the decision on whether to snap or free kick. In putting the ball in play in this situation, the captain of R is privileged to designate the point on K’s 25, anywhere between the hash marks he wishes the ball to be placed. (1-4-1; 5-2-4; 6-5-4)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

A. by a runner after the kick has been caught or recovered.

Rule Reference(s): 2-9-5; 4.2.2 SITUATION H; 6.5.8 SITUATION A; 6.5.8 SITUATION B

2-9-5

An illegal fair-catch signal is any signal by a runner:

a. After the kick has been caught.
b. After the kick has been recovered.

4.2.2 SITUATION H

R1 gives a fair-catch signal immediately following his catch of a kick. RULING: Illegal fair-catch signal, because it was given after the kick was caught and R1 had become a runner. The signal does not cause the down to end. If accepted, the 5-yard penalty is enforced under the all-but-one principle. (2-9-5; 3-4-2c; 4-2-2g; 6-5-8)

6.5.8 SITUATION A

R1 catches K1’ s punt and then quickly gives a fair-catch signal after advancing a couple of steps. RULING: An illegal fair-catch signal by R1. The spot of the illegal signal is the spot of the foul for enforcement under the all-but-one principle. (2-9-5)

6.5.8 SITUATION B

R2 gives a fair-catch signal just after R1 begins to advance after catching a punt. RULING: No foul, as only the runner can give an illegal fair-catch signal. Opponents must continue to play and not be deceived by a player waving an arm after a kick-catching situation. (2-9-5)

B. the goal line

Rule Reference(s): 10-5-2; 10.5.2 SITUATION

10-5-2

The enforcement spot for any foul by the defense is the goal line when the run ends in the end zone and would result in a safety.

10.5.2 SITUATION

A’s ball second and 5 from its own 9-yard line. A2 muffs the handoff and the ball rolls into A’s end zone. A1 picks up the ball and is immediately tackled by B3 in the end zone. B3 grasped A1 by the face mask/ helmet opening in making the tackle. RULING: If A declines the penalty, this play would result in a safety. If the penalty is accepted, it will be enforced from the goal line, making it first and 10 for A from its 15-yard line. (8-5-2b)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

C. It is team B’s ball first and 10 at its own 4 yard line.

Rule Reference(s): 4-3-1; 5-1-3 (d)

4-3-1

When a loose ball goes out of bounds, the out-of-bounds spot is fixed by the yard line where the foremost point of the ball crossed the sideline. When the ball becomes dead in the field of play because of touching a person who is out of bounds, the out-of-bounds spot is fixed by the yard line through the foremost point of the ball.

5-1-3 (d)

The team in possession at the end of the down, if there is a change of team possession during the down, unless the penalty is accepted for a non post-scrimmage kick foul which occurred before the change of possession.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. Touchdown by K

Rule Reference(s): 8-2-1; 8-5-1

8-2-1

Possession of a live ball in the opponent’s end zone is always a touchdown.

8-5-1

Responsibility for forcing the ball from the field of play across a goal line is attributed to the player who carries, snaps, passes, fumbles or kicks the ball, unless a new force is applied to a grounded backward pass, kick or fumble.

a. The muffing or batting of a pass, kick or fumble in flight is not considered a new force; and
b. The accidental touching of a loose ball by a player who was blocked into the ball is ignored and does not constitute a new force.

B. a touchdown for R.

Rule Reference(s): 8-2-1 (b); 8-5-1; 8-5-2 (b); 2-36-2; 8.5.2 SITUATION B

8-2-1 (b)

It is a touchdown when a loose ball is caught or recovered by a player while the ball is on or behind his opponent’s goal line.

8-5-1

Responsibility for forcing the ball from the field of play across a goal line is attributed to the player who carries, snaps, passes, fumbles or kicks the ball, unless a new force is applied to a grounded backward pass, kick or fumble.

8-5-2 (b)

A player who is either in the field of play or in his end zone, forces a loose ball from the field of play to or across his goal line by his kick, pass, fumble, snap or by a new force to a grounded loose ball with his muff or bat or illegal kick (when the penalty is declined), provided the ball becomes dead there in his team’s possession (including when the ball is declared dead with no player in possession), or the ball is out of bounds when it becomes dead on or behind their goal line. This does not apply to a legal forward pass which becomes incomplete.

2-36-2

A simultaneous recovery is a recovery where there is joint possession of a live ball by opposing inbounds players.

8.5.2 SITUATION B

With fourth and 3 from his own 10-yard line, the scrimmage kick by K1 is blocked so that it rebounds into K’s end zone and: (a) is muffed out of bounds in the end zone by either K or R; or (b) is simultaneously recovered in the end zone by K2 and R1. RULING: In (a), it is a safety. R will be awarded 2 points and K will put the ball in play by a free kick from its 20-yard line. It is a touchdown for R in (b). (8-2-1b; 8-5-1; 8-5-2b; 2-36-2)

C. until the kick has ended.

Rule Reference(s): 6-2-1

6-2-1

Any receiver may signal for a fair catch while any legal kick is in flight. Any receiver who has given a valid or invalid fair-catch signal is prohibited from blocking until the kick has ended.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. becomes dead inbounds while no player is in possession.

Rule Reference(s): 7-4-3; 7.4.3 SITUATION

7-4-3

The ball belongs to the passing or fumbling team unless lost after fourth down if a fumble or a backward pass:

a. Goes out of bounds between the goal lines; or
b. Becomes dead inbounds while no player is in possession; or
c. Becomes dead inbounds while opponents are in joint possession.

7.4.3 SITUATION

An offensive and defensive player simultaneously gain possession of a live ball which is a: (a) legal forward pass and both players are touching inbounds; or (b) scrimmage kick muffed by R beyond the neutral zone; or (c) fumble by A1 on a running play. RULING: The down is ended in each situation. In (a), complete pass and the ball belongs to A at the spot of completion. In (b), the ball belongs to R at the spot of recovery, and in (c), the ball belongs to A at the spot of recovery. (6-2-6; 7-5-4)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. A’s ball, 3rd and 25 at the 33 yard line.

Rule Reference(s): 7-5 PENALTY

7-5 PENALTY

PENALTY: Art. 2a – Illegal forward pass – (S35) – 5 yards; Arts. 2b, c – Illegal forward pass – (S35-9) – 5 yards plus loss of down; Arts. 2d, e – intentional grounding – (S36-9) – 5 yards plus loss of down; Art. 10 – Pass interference – (S33) – 15 yards. If the pass interference by either player is intentional, his team shall be penalized an additional 15 yards (S27). Art. 12 – Ineligible downfield – (S37) – 5 yards. Art. 13 – Illegal touching – (S16-9) – 5 yards plus loss of down.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

D. R’s ball, 1st and 10 at the R 20 yard line (touchback)

Rule Reference(s): 6-2-4; 8-5-3 (a)

6-2-4

Any K player may catch or recover a scrimmage kick while it is beyond the neutral zone or the expanded neutral zone, provided such kick has been touched by a receiver who was clearly beyond the neutral zone at the time of touching. Such touching is ignored if it is caused by K pushing or blocking R into contact with the ball or it is caused by K legally batting or muffing the ball into R. Such catch or recovery by K beyond the neutral zone causes the ball to become dead. (See 6-5-6 EXCEPTION)

8-5-3 (a)

It is a touchback when:

a. Any free kick or scrimmage kick:

1. Which is not a scoring attempt or which is a grounded three-point field-goal attempt, breaks the plane of R’s goal line unless R chooses a spot of first touching by K.
2. Which is a three-point field-goal attempt, in flight touches a K player in R’s end zone, or after breaking the plane of R’s goal line is unsuccessful.

C. B’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 16-yard line.

Rule Reference(s): 5-1-2; 10-2-5; 5.1.2 SITUATION D

5-1-2

A new series of downs is awarded:

a. After a first, second or third down, a new series of downs shall be awarded only after considering the effect of any act during the down other than non-player or unsportsmanlike conduct fouls by A, and any dead-ball foul by B.
b. After a fourth down, a new series of downs shall be awarded only after considering the effect of any act during the down, except a nonplayer or unsportsmanlike foul.

10-2-5

Enforcement of penalties for unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball fouls:

a. Penalties for dead-ball fouls, other than when both teams commit unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball personal fouls prior to the completion of penalty administration for those fouls, are administered separately and in the order of occurrence. A dead-ball foul is not coupled with a live-ball foul or another dead-ball foul to create a double or multiple foul.
b. If both teams commit unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball personal fouls prior to the completion of penalty administration for those fouls, the distance penalty for an equal number of 15-yard unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball personal fouls will offset. Any remaining penalties will be enforced separately and in the order of occurrence.
c. A disqualified player or nonplayer shall be removed.

5.1.2 SITUATION D

With fourth and 5 on B’s 20, A1 is downed on B’s 16-yard line. During the down, the coach of B is on the field arguing with a game official. Following the down, A1 uses profanity. RULING: Since A did not gain a first down on the fourth-down run by A1, B has a new series. Enforcement of the penalties for the foul on the coach of B and for the foul on A1 offset. B will have the ball first and 10 at B’s 16-yard line.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. momentum exception; 1st and 10 for Team B on the 2-yard line.

Rule Reference(s): 2-41-9; 8-5-2; 8.5.2 SITUATION A; 8.5.2 SITUATION H

2-41-9

The spot where a run ends is:

a. Where the ball becomes dead in the runner’s possession, but the related run (related running play) continues until the ball becomes dead or any player gains possession.
b. Where the runner loses player possession if his run is followed by a loose ball, or
c. The spot of the catch or recovery when the momentum rule is in effect.

8-5-2

It is a safety when:

a. A runner carries the ball from the field of play to or across his own goal line, and it becomes dead there in his team’s possession.

EXCEPTION: When a defensive player intercepts an opponent’s forward pass; intercepts or recovers an opponent’s fumble or backward pass; or an R player catches or recovers a scrimmage kick or free kick between his 5-yard line and the goal line, and his original momentum carries him into the end zone where the ball is declared dead in his team’s possession or it goes out of bounds in the end zone, the ball belongs to the team in possession at the spot where the pass or fumble was intercepted or recovered or the kick was caught or recovered.

8.5.2 SITUATION A

R1 makes an over-the-shoulder catch of a scrimmage kick on his own 2-yard line, running full speed in the direction of his own goal line. His momentum carries him into the end zone with the ball. RULING: Since the momentum of R1 carried him into his own end zone, if the ball becomes dead in his possession in the end zone, it will be R’s ball at the spot of the catch. This also would be true if the ball went out of bounds behind the goal line after R1’ s momentum carried him there and he was last in possession of the ball. (8-5-2a Exception)

8.5.2 SITUATION H

R1, while in full stride at his 2-yard line (a) catches a punt over his shoulder; or (b) recovers a grounded punt. His momentum carries him into his end zone where he is downed. RULING: In (a) and (b) the ball would belong to R at the spot where the punt was caught or recovered as the momentum exception applies.

C. to have A1 replaced for one play unless it is the last play of the half or an overtime intermission occurs.

Rule Reference(s): 3-5-10 (d); 3.5.10 SITUATION G

3-5-10 (d)

An official’s time-out (which is not charged to either team) occurs, and the player shall be replaced for at least one down, unless halftime or an overtime intermission occurs when:

d. The helmet comes completely off during the down or subsequent dead-ball action related to the down without being directly attributable to a foul by an opponent.

3.5.10 SITUATION G

Runner A1 is tackled legally by B1 and B2. A1’ s helmet comes off during the tackle. RULING: A1 must be replaced for one down unless halftime or an overtime intermission occurs. The ball becomes dead when A1’ s helmet comes off. (4-2-2k)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

D. snap, with no exception.

Rule Reference(s): 3-4-3 (i); 3.4.3 SITUATION B

3-4-3 (i)

The clock shall start with the snap or when any free kick is touched, other than first touching by K, if the clock was stopped because:

i. The penalty for a delay of game foul is accepted.

3.4.3 SITUATION B

There are 40 seconds to go in the first period when A is faced with a punting situation against a strong wind while deep in its own territory. After running 25 seconds off the clock, A is called for delay of game. RULING: If B accepts, A will be penalized 5 yards and the clock will not start until the snap. (3-4-6)

C. 1 yard of the line of scrimmage.

Rule Reference(s): 2-25-3; 2.28.2 SITUATION A

2-25-3

A defensive player is on his line of scrimmage when he is within 1 yard of his scrimmage line at the snap.

2.28.2 SITUATION A

B1 is on his defensive line of scrimmage when he is contacted by ineligible lineman A1 and driven back about 2 yards. RULING: A1 is not illegally downfield, nor has he committed pass interference if a forward pass crosses the neutral zone, since he contacted B1 on the line and after driving him back did not go beyond the neutral zone expanded. If it is a low scrimmage kick and B1 touches it, the touching is ignored. B1 is considered to be on his line when he is within 1 yard of his line of scrimmage at the snap. The neutral zone may not be expanded into the end zone. (2-25-3; 6-2-6; 7-5-12)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. face mask foul on B49, 15-yard penalty. The ball becomes dead immediately when A 24’s helmet came off. 1st and 10 for Team A on the 35-yard line

Rule Reference(s): 4-2-2 (k); 9-4-3 (h); 4.2.2 SITUATION J

4-2-2 (k)

The ball becomes dead and the down is ended:

k. When the helmet comes completely off a player who is in possession of the ball.

9-4-3 (h)

No player or nonplayer shall:

h. Grasp an opponent’s face mask, any edge of a helmet opening, chin strap, or a tooth and mouth protector attached to the face mask and twist, turn or pull the face mask, helmet opening, chin strap or a tooth and mouth protector attached to the face mask; or incidentally grasp an opponent’s face mask, helmet opening, chin strap or a tooth and mouth protector attached to the face mask.

4.2.2 SITUATION J

With fourth down and 8 from the 50, A1 runs to B’s 45-yard line where: (a) B1, in attempting to tackle A1, unsnaps A1’ s chin strap and play continues to the 40-yard line where A1 is finally downed; or (b) B1, in attempting to tackle A1, grasps the face mask/ helmet opening and A1’ s helmet comes off; or (c) B1 contacts A1 at B’s 46 and A1’ s helmet comes off and he subsequently fumbles the ball. RULING: In (a), play continues and it is a first down for A after enforcement of the face mask foul. In (b), the ball becomes dead at the spot A1’ s helmet came off and B is penalized for the face-mask/ helmet opening violation. In (c), the ball becomes dead at the spot where A1’ s helmet came off and because it was fourth down and the line to gain was not obtained, the ball goes over to B. The fumble is disregarded because it happened after the ball became dead and A1 must leave the field for one play. (3-5-10d; 4-2-2k)

D. All the above

Rule Reference(s): 10-2-5; 10.2.5 SITUATION C

10-2-5

Enforcement of penalties for unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball fouls:

a. Penalties for dead-ball fouls, other than when both teams commit unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball personal fouls prior to the completion of penalty administration for those fouls, are administered separately and in the order of occurrence. A dead-ball foul is not coupled with a live-ball foul or another dead-ball foul to create a double or multiple foul.
b. If both teams commit unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball personal fouls prior to the completion of penalty administration for those fouls, the distance penalty for an equal number of 15-yard unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball personal fouls will offset. Any remaining penalties will be enforced separately and in the order of occurrence.
c. A disqualified player or nonplayer shall be removed.

10.2.5 SITUATION C

On third and 8 from B’s 45-yard line, runner A1 falls to the ground as he goes out of bounds at B’s 40. B1 piles on. A2 then punches B2. The covering official indicates the fouls by both B1 and A2. The coach of B then insults the game official for calling the foul on B1. RULING: The distance penalties for B1’ s dead-ball personal foul and A2’ s punch cancel. The unsportsmanlike foul against the coach of B will be enforced with a 15-yard penalty, giving A a first and 10 from B’s 25. A2 shall be disqualified for fighting. (9-4-1; 9-4-3c; 9-8-1c; 10-2-5b, c; 10-4-4)

A. A1 tilts the ball to a 90 degree angle.

Rule Reference(s): 2-40-2; 7-1-2; 7-1-3 (a); 7.1.3 SITUATION

2-40-2

The snap begins when the snapper first moves the ball legally other than in adjustment. In a snap, the movement must be a quick and continuous backward motion of the ball during which the ball immediately leaves the hand( s) of the snapper and touches a back or the ground before it touches an A lineman.

7-1-2

The snapper may lift the ball for lateral rotation but may not rotate end-for-end or change the location or fail to keep the long axis of the ball at right angles to the line of scrimmage.

7-1-3 (a)

Following the ready-for-play and after touching the ball, the snapper shall not:

a. Remove both hands from the ball.

7.1.3 SITUATION

A’s linemen take their positions and snapper A1 has made preliminary adjustments. Prior to the snap A1: (a) tilts the ball to an angle of 90 degrees; or (b) lifts the ball and pushes it forward in order to make a deep snap or; (c) rotates the ball end for end; or (d) removes both hands. RULING: Legal in (a). It is a snap infraction in (b), (c) and (d). The covering official will sound his whistle immediately, signifying the ball remains dead. A snap infraction is a dead-ball foul and the penalty of 5 yards is administered from the succeeding spot. (2-40-2; 4-1-6; 7-1-2, 3; 10-4-4b)

C. Waist

Rule Reference(s): 2-32-3; 7.2.3 SITUATION A

2-32-3

A back is any A player who has no part of his body breaking the plane of an imaginary line drawn parallel to the line of scrimmage through the waist of the nearest teammate who is legally on the line, except for the player under the snapper, who is also considered a back.

7.2.3 SITUATION A

Following the huddle, after A comes to its line of scrimmage, quarterback A1 is breaking the plane of the waistline of the snapper, and slot back A2 has a part of his body breaking the plane of the waistline of his nearest teammate who is on the line of formation foul at the snap. While quarterback A1 may be breaking the plane of the waistline of the snapper or nearest teammate legally on the line of scrimmage, it is illegal for any other back to break the plane of the waistline of his nearest teammate who is on the line of scrimmage. (2-32-3)

C. targeting.

Rule Reference(s): 2-20-2

2-20-2

Targeting is an act by any player who takes aim and initiates contact against an opponent above the shoulders with the helmet, forearm, hand, fist, elbow or shoulders.

A. unsportsmanlike fouls.

Rule Reference(s): 10-4-5

10-4-5

The basic spot is the succeeding spot:

a. For an unsportsmanlike foul.
b. For a dead-ball foul.
c. For a nonplayer foul.
d. When the final result is a touchback.

D. All of the above

Rule Reference(s): 3-5-7

3-5-7

The referee shall have authority to correct obvious errors in timing if discovery is prior to the second live ball following the error, unless the period has officially ended as in 3-3-5.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

C. The ball becomes dead with the two players in simultaneous possession on the ground. Award Team R a touchdown.

Rule Reference(s): 8-2-1 (b); 8-5-1; 8-5-2 (b); 8.5.2 SITUATION B

8-2-1 (b)

It is a touchdown when a loose ball is caught or recovered by a player while the ball is on or behind his opponent’s goal line.

8-5-1

Responsibility for forcing the ball from the field of play across a goal line is attributed to the player who carries, snaps, passes, fumbles or kicks the ball, unless a new force is applied to a grounded backward pass, kick or fumble.

8-5-2 (b)

A player who is either in the field of play or in his end zone, forces a loose ball from the field of play to or across his goal line by his kick, pass, fumble, snap or by a new force to a grounded loose ball with his muff or bat or illegal kick (when the penalty is declined), provided the ball becomes dead there in his team’s possession (including when the ball is declared dead with no player in possession), or the ball is out of bounds when it becomes dead on or behind their goal line. This does not apply to a legal forward pass which becomes incomplete.

2-36-2

A simultaneous recovery is a recovery where there is joint possession of a live ball by opposing inbounds players.

8.5.2 SITUATION B

With fourth and 3 from his own 10-yard line, the scrimmage kick by K1 is blocked so that it rebounds into K’s end zone and: (a) is muffed out of bounds in the end zone by either K or R; or (b) is simultaneously recovered in the end zone by K2 and R1. RULING: In (a), it is a safety. R will be awarded 2 points and K will put the ball in play by a free kick from its 20-yard line. It is a touchdown for R in (b). (8-2-1b; 8-5-1; 8-5-2b; 2-36-2)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

D. either a punt, place kick, or drop kick.

Rule Reference(s): 2-24-4

2-24-4

A scrimmage kick is any kick from in or behind the neutral zone during a scrimmage down. Either a place kick, punt, or drop kick may be used. For a place kick, the ball must be controlled on the ground or on a legal kicking tee by a teammate.

B. Tinted eyewear worn on the face and under the facemask

Rule Reference(s): 1-5-3-c-4 NOTE; 1.5.3 COMMENT

1-5-3-c-4 NOTE

Tinted eyewear worn on the face and under the face mask is legal.

1.5.3 COMMENT

There are many items that would be considered to be illegal uniform adornments. Examples include but are not limited to: 1) Play cards designed for the wrist, but strapped to the belt as in 1-5-3c( 8); 2) Eye shade as detailed in 1-5-3c( 3) or that extends outside the eye socket or below the cheek bone; 3) Bandanas and other items if exposed from under the football helmet; and 4) Sweat bands not placed properly. Examples of items that have been determined to be legal are 1) Spats that properly cover the shoes as intended by the manufacturer; 2) Skull caps manufactured to be worn on the head that do not alter the fit of the football helmet and are not exposed outside of the football helmet; 3) Tinted eyewear worn on the face and under the face mask; 4) Hand warmers that do not enhance grip or create an advantage for a player.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

D. a ball in player possession is batted forward by a teammate.

Rule Reference(s): 9-7-4; 9.7.4 SITUATION

9-7-4

A ball in player possession shall not be batted forward by a player of the team in possession.

9.7.4 SITUATION

On fourth and 6 from B’s 10-yard line, A1 is about to be hit short of the line to gain. While the ball is in A1’ s possession, either: (a) A2; or (b) B1, bats the ball forward into B’s end zone where A3 recovers. RULING: It is an illegal bat in (a). The enforcement spot is the end of A1’ s run, which is where the bat occurred. In (b) the bat is legal and results in a touchdown for A. (8-2-1)

B. Safety

Rule Reference(s): 2-13-1; 8-5-2 (b); 8.5.2 SITUATION B; 8.5.2 SITUATION C

2-13-1

Force is the result of energy exerted by a player which provides movement of the ball. The term force is used only in connection with the goal line and in only one direction, i.e., from the field of play into the end zone. Initial force results from a carry, fumble, kick, pass or snap. After a fumble, kick or backward pass has been grounded, a new force may result from a bat, an illegal kick or a muff.

8-5-2 (b)

A player who is either in the field of play or in his end zone, forces a loose ball from the field of play to or across his goal line by his kick, pass, fumble, snap or by a new force to a grounded loose ball with his muff or bat or illegal kick (when the penalty is declined), provided the ball becomes dead there in his team’s possession (including when the ball is declared dead with no player in possession), or the ball is out of bounds when it becomes dead on or behind their goal line. This does not apply to a legal forward pass which becomes incomplete.

8.5.2 SITUATION B

With fourth and 3 from his own 10-yard line, the scrimmage kick by K1 is blocked so that it rebounds into K’s end zone and: (a) is muffed out of bounds in the end zone by either K or R; or (b) is simultaneously recovered in the end zone by K2 and R1. RULING: In (a), it is a safety. R will be awarded 2 points and K will put the ball in play by a free kick from its 20-yard line. It is a touchdown for R in (b). (8-2-1b; 8-5-1; 8-5-2b; 2-36-2)

8.5.2 SITUATION C

K1’ s punt is blocked on K’s 5-yard line and the ball is slowly rolling near the goal line. R1 attempts to recover and just barely touches the ball. The ball then rolls into the end zone where K2 falls on it. RULING: The covering official will have to judge whether or not a new force resulted from R1’ s touch. The covering official must decide whether the original force was such that the ball could have gone into the end zone regardless of the muff. If the covering official has doubt, he will rule that the force was supplied by the kick, thus resulting in a safety. If the covering official rules R1 supplied the force, it is a touchback. (8-5-2b)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. Safety

Rule Reference(s): 8-5-2 (c); 8.5.2 SITUATION D

8-5-2 (c)

It is a safety when:

A player on offense commits any foul for which the penalty is accepted and enforcement is from a spot in his end zone; or throws an illegal forward pass from his end zone and the penalty is declined in a situation which leaves him in possession at the spot of the illegal pass and with the ball having been forced into the end zone by the passing team.

8.5.2 SITUATION D

Fourth and 15 for A from its own 8-yard line. A1 is in punt formation and receives the snap in his end zone, but fumbles the ball. A1 quickly recovers and throws a forward pass to ineligible A2, who is also in the end zone. RULING: If B accepts the penalty for A2’ s illegal touching, it results in a safety. If B declines the penalty for the foul by A2, the result is B’s ball first and goal from A’s 8-yard line. (5-1-3c; 7-5-13 Penalty; 8-5-2c; 10-5-6)

C. On the closest hash mark to where the kick went out of bounds

Rule Reference(s): 2-41-4; 6-1-9 (b); 6.1.9 SITUATION B

2-41-4

The inbounds spot is the intersection of the hash marks and the yard line:

a. Through the foremost point of the ball when the ball becomes dead in a side zone.
b. Through the foremost point of the ball on the sideline between the goal lines when a loose ball goes out of bounds.
c. Through the spot under the foremost point of the ball in possession of a runner when he crosses the plane of the sideline and goes out of bounds.

NOTE: If a penalty measurement leaves the ball in a side zone, the new inbounds spot is fixed by the yard line through the foremost point of the ball after measurement.

6-1-9 (b)

A free kick shall not be kicked out of bounds between the goal lines untouched inbounds by R. If it is kicked out of bounds and R does not accept a penalty for kick-catch interference on the same kick as in 6-5-4, R has the following choices:

a. Accept a 5-yard penalty from the previous spot and have K rekick;
b. Put the ball in play at the inbounds spot 25 yards beyond the previous spot; or
c. Decline the penalty and put the ball in play at the inbounds spot.

6.1.9 SITUATION B

The free kick by K1 from K’s 40-yard line: (a) is touched by R1 at R’s 5 and goes out of bounds at the 8-yard line; or (b) is muffed by R1 at his 15 and then touched by K2 before it rolls out of bounds at R’s 10-yard line; or (c) bounces out of bounds on R’s 30-yard line untouched by R or K. RULING: In (a) and (b) the ball belongs to R at the inbounds spot. In (c), it is a foul by K. The receivers may take the ball at the inbounds spot, take the ball at the inbounds spot at R’s 35 which is 25 yards beyond the previous spot, or accept the 5-yard penalty and have K free kick.

B. If accepted, the result is A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 39 yard line

Rule Reference(s): 5-2-2; 5.2.2 SITUATION B

5-2-2

When a foul occurs during a scrimmage down and before any change of team possession, and before a receiver is first to touch a scrimmage kick while it is beyond the neutral zone, the ball belongs to A or K after enforcement unless it is a 2-16-2h (post-scrimmage kick) foul or kick-catching interference. The number of the next down is the same as that of the down during which the foul occurred unless penalty acceptance includes a first down or loss of down, or the enforcement or the advance results in a first down. The loss of down aspect of a penalty has no significance following a change of possession or if the line to gain is reached

5.2.2 SITUATION B

With fourth down and 4 from the 50, A1 runs to B’s 40 and then throws an incomplete forward pass. RULING: If B declines the penalty, it will be A’s ball first and 10 from B’s 40-yard line. If B accepts the 5-yard penalty for the illegal forward pass, it will still be a first down for A from B’s 45-yard line. The loss of down part of the penalty has no significance since the succeeding spot is beyond the line to gain and a new series is awarded.

D. The play results in a touchback

Rule Reference(s): 2-24-2; 8-5-3 (a) [1]; 8.5.3 SITUATION B

2-24-2

A kick ends when a player gains possession or when the ball becomes dead while not in player possession.

8-5-3 (a) [1]

It is a touchback when:

a. Any free kick or scrimmage kick:

1. Which is not a scoring attempt or which is a grounded three-point field-goal attempt, breaks the plane of R’s goal line unless R chooses

8.5.3 SITUATION B

K1 kicks off to start the second half. The ball is rolling on R’s 7-yard line when R1: (a) accidentally, or (b) intentionally kicks the ball into his own end zone where R2 recovers. Is the kick by R1 in either (a) or (b) a new force? If the action is a foul, where is it penalized from? RULING: It is not a new force in either (a) or (b), as force is not a consideration on kicks going into R’s end zone. Even though the ball was kicked by R1, the kick had not ended. The contact in (a) is ignored, because it was not an intentional act. In (b), the kick is illegal, and if the penalty is accepted, it is enforced from the previous spot. If the penalty is declined, it is a touchback by rule. In both (a) and (b), the ball becomes dead when the kick breaks the plane of R’s goal line. (2-13-4; 9-7-1; 10-6)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

D. All of the above

Rule Reference(s): 6-5-4; 6.5.4 SITUATION

6-5-4

The captain may choose to free kick or snap anywhere between the hash marks:

a. on the yard line through the spot of the catch when a fair catch is made;
b. through the spot of interference, when a fair catch is awarded; or
c. at the succeeding spot when the distance penalty for kick-catch interference is accepted following an awarded fair catch and the down is not replayed.

These choices remain if a dead-ball foul occurs prior to the down, or a foul or an inadvertent whistle occurs during the down and the down is replayed.

6.5.4 SITUATION

R1 signals for a fair catch beyond the neutral zone on K’s 40. K2 interferes with R1’ s opportunity to make the catch. R chooses an awarded catch and to put the ball in play with a snap. During the next down: (a) A1 gains 15 yards and the coach of B is charged with an unsportsmanlike foul; or (b) B2 commits pass interference; or (c) an inadvertent whistle sounds during A1’s forward pass. RULING: In (a), the unsportsmanlike foul during the down does not give A another choice to snap or free kick. However in (b), A may snap or free kick following penalty enforcement. In (c), the down is replayed and A has the option to snap or free kick. (10-4-5a)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

C. Whatever Team A elects to do, it will be first and goal from the 10-yard line.

Rule Reference(s): 10-2-5; 10.2.5 SITUATION B

10-2-5

Enforcement of penalties for unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball fouls:

a. Penalties for dead-ball fouls, other than when both teams commit unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball personal fouls prior to the completion of penalty administration for those fouls, are administered separately and in the order of occurrence. A dead-ball foul is not coupled with a live-ball foul or another dead-ball foul to create a double or multiple foul.
b. If both teams commit unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball personal fouls prior to the completion of penalty administration for those fouls, the distance penalty for an equal number of 15-yard unsportsmanlike, nonplayer or dead-ball personal fouls will offset. Any remaining penalties will be enforced separately and in the order of occurrence.
c. A disqualified player or nonplayer shall be removed

10.2.5 SITUATION B

In a state where tie games are resolved by the 10-Yard Line Procedure, the game ends in a tie. Immediately following the final whistle, there is a fight between A1 and B1 and: (a) none of the game officials observed which player actually struck the first blow; or (b) A1 struck B1 who retaliated; or (c) B1 first struck A1 who retaliated. In (a), (b) and (c), A wins the toss and elects to go on defense first. RULING: In (a), (b) and (c), A1 and B1 will be disqualified for fighting and they may not participate in the overtime. In (a), (b) and (c), the distance penalties cancel and the overtime will begin with B putting the ball in play, first and goal, from the 10-yard line. (2-11; 10-2-5b, c)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. This is a “Spearing” foul.

C. This is a normal football play; no foul.

Rule Reference(s): 2-20-1 (c); 2.20.1 SITUATION C

2-20-1 (c)

Spearing is an act by any player who initiates contact against an opponent at the shoulders or below with the crown (top portion) of his helmet.

2.20.1 SITUATION C

During a running play beyond the neutral zone, A1 is momentarily in the clear and B1 comes up to make the tackle. B1 keeps his head in an upright position with his eyes on the numbers of A1 and: (a) moves his head at the last moment so that he contacts A1 with his shoulder; or (b) moves his head to attempt a shoulder tackle, but because of a sharp cut by A1, there is some contact with the side of the helmet of B1. RULING: A legal tackle in both (a) and (b). (2-42)

As written, I believe that the act by A23 would would constitute a spearing foul. That said, the question does not indicate that A23 made the contact with his opponents with the crown of his helmet. This is the one question that I got incorrect – so that you don’t have to.

C. R’s ball, 1st and 10 at R’s 2-yard line

Rule Reference(s): 8-5-2 (a) EXCEPTION; 8.5.2 SITUATION A; 8.5.2 SITUATION H

8-5-2 (a) EXCEPTION

When a defensive player intercepts an opponent’s forward pass; intercepts or recovers an opponent’s fumble or backward pass; or an R player catches or recovers a scrimmage kick or free kick between his 5-yard line and the goal line, and his original momentum carries him into the end zone where the ball is declared dead in his team’s possession or it goes out of bounds in the end zone, the ball belongs to the team in possession at the spot where the pass or fumble was intercepted or recovered or the kick was caught or recovered.

8.5.2 SITUATION A

R1 makes an over-the-shoulder catch of a scrimmage kick on his own 2-yard line, running full speed in the direction of his own goal line. His momentum carries him into the end zone with the ball. RULING: Since the momentum of R1 carried him into his own end zone, if the ball becomes dead in his possession in the end zone, it will be R’s ball at the spot of the catch. This also would be true if the ball went out of bounds behind the goal line after R1’ s momentum carried him there and he was last in possession.

8.5.2 SITUATION H

R1, while in full stride at his 2-yard line (a) catches a punt over his shoulder; or (b) recovers a grounded punt. His momentum carries him into his end zone where he is downed. RULING: In (a) and (b) the ball would belong to R at the spot where the punt was caught or recovered as the momentum exception applies.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. Clips the opponent below the waist if that player is the runner or is pretending to be the runner

Rule Reference(s): 2-5-1

2-5-1

Clipping is a block against an opponent when the initial contact is from behind, at or below the waist, and not against a player who is a runner or pretending to be a runner.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

D. All the above

Rule Reference(s): 1-5-1 d (5); 1.5.1 SITUATION E

1-5-1 d (5)

a: A tooth and mouth protector (intraoral) which shall:

(1) include an occlusal (protecting and separating the biting surfaces) portion;
(2) include a labial (protecting the teeth and supporting structures) portion; and
(3) cover the posterior teeth with adequate thickness.

1.5.1 SITUATION E

During the down, A4 is noticed to (a) have a clear tooth and mouth protector; or (b) have a tooth and mouth protector that is only covering the upper, front teeth. The umpire drops a flag for illegal equipment. RULING: The umpire is incorrect in (a), correct in (b). All tooth and mouth protectors shall cover the posterior teeth but have no color requirement. The game officials should, through normal observations, attempt to verify that each player is legally equipped prior to the ball becoming live, and if illegal equipment is detected, that player must fix the problem or leave the game (1-5-1d( 5); 1-5-5). If the game officials are unable to detect the illegal equipment and the player is observed wearing a non-compliant tooth and mouth protector during a down, a foul is to be called. (1-5-1d( 5); 1-5-6; 3-6-2d; 9-8-1h)

COLOR RESTRICTIONS REMOVED FROM TOOTH AND MOUTH PROTECTORS (1-5- 1d (5) a): Completely clear or completely white tooth and mouth protectors are no longer prohibited. Tooth and mouth protectors shall include an occlusal (protecting and separating the biting surfaces) portion and include a labial (protecting the teeth and supporting structures) portion.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

C. completely cover the shoulder pads and all pads worn above the waist on the torso.

Rule Reference(s): 1-5-1 b; 1.5.1 SITUATION B

1-5-1 b

Mandatory equipment. Each player shall participate while wearing the following pieces of properly fitted equipment, which shall be professionally manufactured and not altered to decrease protection:

Jersey:

1. A jersey, unaltered from the manufacturer’s original design/ production, and which shall be long enough to reach the top of the pants and shall be tucked in if longer. It must completely cover the shoulder pads and all pads worn above the waist on the torso.
2. Players of the visiting team shall wear jerseys, unaltered from the manufacturer’s original design/ production, that meet the following criteria: The body of the jersey (inside the shoulders, inclusive of the yoke of the jersey or the shoulders, below the collar, and to the bottom of the jersey) shall be white and shall contain only the listed allowable adornments and accessory patterns in a color( s) that contrasts to white:

(a) as the jersey number (s) required in 1-5-1c or as the school’s nickname, school logo, school name and/ or player name within the body and/ or on the shoulders,
(b) either as a decorative stripe placed during production that follows the curve of the raglan sleeve or following the shoulder seam in traditional yoke construction, not to exceed 1 inch at any point within the
body of the jersey; or as decorative stripe(s) added in the shoulder area after production, not to exceed 1 inch per stripe and total size of combined stripes not to exceed 3.5 inches,
(c) within the collar, a maximum of 1 inch in width, and/ or
(d) as a side seam (insert connecting the back of the jersey to the front), a maximum of 4 inches in width but any non-white color may not appear within the body of the jersey (inside the shoulders, inclusive of the yoke of the jersey or the shoulders, below the collar, and to the bottom of the jersey). The exception to (d) would be what is stated in (b) above.
(e) The visiting team is responsible for avoidance of similarity of colors, but if there is doubt, the referee may require players of the home team to change jerseys.

1.5.1 SITUATION B

Team A’s players are wearing jerseys: (a) just covering the shoulder pads, and their midriffs are exposed; or (b) that extend below the top of their pants, but some players have them tucked in, while others have them outside their pants; or (c) that are waist length, but have tucked them up under the bottom of their shoulder pads. RULING: The jerseys in (a) and (c) are not legal. In (b), the jerseys of all players will have to be tucked inside the pants upon discovery. (1-5-1b (1); 1-5-6; 3-6-2d; 9-8-1h)

D. All the above

Rule Reference(s): 1-5-2-b; 1.5.2 SITUATION A

1-5-2-b

Gloves, which may be anchored with athletic tape, and even though modified, must meet the NOCSAE test standard or the SFIA specification at the time of manufacture, unless made of unaltered plain cloth. Gloves, unless made of unaltered plain cloth, must have a permanent, exact replica of the NOCSAE glove seal (Meets NOCSAE Standard) or SFIA glove seal (Meets SFIA Specification), that must be visible and appear legibly on the exterior wrist opening of the glove.

1.5.2 SITUATION A

INCORRECT CASE PLAY

During the pregame conference, the home team’s coach informs the umpire that all players’ football gloves are new but none of the gloves have the required NOCSAE or SFIA label/ stamp indicating compliance with the NOCSAE test standard or the SFIA Specification. RULING: The gloves may not be worn; all gloves must have the required NOCSAE or SFIA label/ stamp.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

D. All of the above

Rule Reference(s): 9-2-1;

9-2-1

An offensive player (except the runner) shall not:

a. Use a blocking technique which is not permissible by rule. (See 2-3-2, 3)
b. Grasp or encircle any teammate to form interlocked blocking.
c. Use his hands, arms or legs to hook, lock, clamp, grasp, encircle or hold in an effort to restrain an opponent.

9.2.1 SITUATION A

During a running play, blocker A1 has his hands cupped and together in front of his body with his elbows outside his shoulders. As he approaches his opponent, he raises his hands and forearms perpendicular to the ground to contact his opponent. RULING: If the blocker’s palms are facing the opponent, or if his forearms are extended more than 45 degrees from his body, the hands must be open at and during contact. (2-3-2)

9.2.1 SITUATION B

Blocker A1 has his hands and arms in legal position with the elbows outside the body and: (a) when B1 attempts to penetrate his block in an upright position, he contacts B1 above the shoulders with his forearm; or (b) as B2 ducks or submarines, A1 contacts him above the shoulder with his cupped hands. RULING: In (a), it is an illegal blocking technique because contact was made above the defensive player’s shoulders while he was in a normal upright position. In (b), the responsibility for the contact on the head of B2 is that of B2, because he has taken evasive action to avoid the block. It is assumed contact by A1 in (b) does not violate the provision of striking or contacting above the shoulders. (2-3-2)

9.2.1 SITUATION C

During a scrimmage down, blocker A1 contacts B1 with open hands: (a) while his forearms are extended more than 45 degrees from his body and the palms of his hands are toward the defender; or (b) in a pushing action when extending his arms beyond 45 degrees from his body. RULING: It is a legal blocking technique in both (a) or (b). (2-3-2)

9.2.1 SITUATION D

Lineman A1 and B1 are both inside the free-blocking zone at the snap. Before the zone disintegrates, A1 blocks B1 with open hands from behind pushing B1 with his arms fully extended. RULING: Legal block. (2-17-3) 9.2.1 SITUATION E: In blocking B1, A1’ s forearms are almost fully extended from his body and he contacts B1 with the side of his closed hands. The palms of A1’ s hands are not directly facing B1. RULING: An illegal blocking technique by A1. The hands may not be closed or cupped when the arms are extended more than 45 degrees from the blocker’s body. (2-3-2)

9.2.1 SITUATION F

A1 is blocking with open hands: (a) outside his own frame; or (b) outside B1’ s frame, during contact. RULING: A1 is using an illegal blocking technique in both (a) and (b). When the hands are outside the frame, as described above and grasps the opponent or his equipment, it is a holding foul instead of illegal use of hands.

9.2.1 SITUATION G

A1 makes legal contact on B1’ s chest using extended arms with open hands. B1 spins in an effort to evade A1 and get to the passer. A1 effectively maintains contact while shifting his hands to B1’ s upper arm and then directly on his back as B1 turns. A1 continues the contact and finishes the block by forcing B1 beyond the passer. RULING: The described blocking technique is legal. COMMENT: In order to legally contact the back of the opponent in this situation it must either be a continuation of contact that was legal originally, or because the opponent turned so quickly the blocker could not stop his charge in time to avoid contact on the back. When the extended-arms technique is used, the hands must be open on contact and remain open during the contact. The open-hand blocking technique may be used in any situation where blocking is legal for A.

9.2.1 SITUATION H

A1 throws a forward pass beyond the neutral zone which is touched by eligible A2 and is muffed high into the air. While the muffed ball is in the air: (a) ineligible A3 blocks B1 away from the ball, or (b) ineligible A3 touches the ball in an attempt to catch it. RULING: Legal action in (a), but illegal touching in (b). After A2 touches the ball, eligible offensive team players may use hands or arms. Pass interference restrictions for eligibles have ended. However, an ineligible Team A player may not touch the pass until after a Team B player has touched it. The ineligibles, however, may block an opponent to keep him from getting to the ball or to help a teammate secure possession. (2-3-4c; 7-5-9b; 7-5-13)

9.2.1 SITUATION I

K is attempting a try by kick. After the ball is snapped, the offensive guards and tackles each grab the jersey of an adjacent teammate. The kick by K1 is successful. RULING: Grabbing the jersey of an offensive teammate is considered to be the same as grasping the teammate and it is interlocked blocking, which is a form of illegal use of hands and carries a 10-yard penalty. Any time offensive players grasp teammates in this manner, it would have to be considered interlocked blocking whether they grab each other at the shoulders, arms, legs, ankles, etc.

9.2.1 SITUATION J

On a successful try for point by kick, the interior linemen of K all reached across and grasped the teammate immediately to their inside after the snap. RULING: Interlocked blocking, 10-yard penalty from the spot of the foul since this spot is probably behind the basic spot.

B. Illegally handing the ball forward

Rule Reference(s): 10-1-6

10-1-6

The following fouls by A include loss of the right to replay a down:

a. Illegally handing the ball forward.
b. Illegal forward pass.
c. Illegal touching of forward pass by an ineligible.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

A. After a measurement

Rule Reference(s): 3-4-2; 3-4-3; 3.4.2 SITUATION A; 3.4.2 SITUATION B; 3.4.2 SITUATION C; 3.4.3 SITUATION A; 3.4.3 SITUATION B; 3.4.3 SITUATION C; 3.4.3 SITUATION D; 3.4.3 SITUATION E; 3.4.3 SITUATION F; 3.4.3 SITUATION G

3-4-2

The clock shall start with the ready-for-play signal on a down beginning with a snap if the clock was stopped for any reason other than specified in Rule 3-4-3 or an untimed down:

a. For an official’s time-out, other than when B is awarded a new series or either team is awarded a new series following a legal kick.
b. Because the ball has become dead following any foul provided:

1. There has been no charged time-out during the dead-ball interval.
2. The down is not an extension of a period or a try.
3. The action which caused the down to end did not also cause the clock to be stopped.

c. Because of an inadvertent whistle.

3-4-3

The clock shall start with the snap or when any free kick is touched, other than first touching by K, if the clock was stopped because:

a. The ball goes out of bounds.
b. B or R is awarded a new series.
c. Either team is awarded a new series following a legal kick.
d. The ball becomes dead behind the goal line.
e. A legal or illegal forward pass is incomplete.
f. A request for a charged or TV/ radio time-out is granted.
g. A period ends.
h. A team attempts to consume time illegally.
i. The penalty for a delay of game foul is accepted.
j. A fair catch is made.

3.4.2 SITUATION A

Near the end of the second period, there is a false start by A1 clearly for the purpose of stopping the clock. When will the clock be restarted? RULING:Because the foul was the only reason for stopping the clock, it will be restarted on the ready-for-play signal following the enforcement of the penalty.

3.4.2 SITUATION B

K1’ s kickoff is caught by R1 and returned to R’s 30. While the kick is in flight, R2 blocks K2 below the waist on R’s 40. RULING: If the penalty is declined, R will have the ball first and 10 on R’s 30. Since the clock is stopped for a new series following a legal kick, the clock will start with the snap. If the penalty is accepted, K will rekick from R’s 45. The clock will start when the kick is touched other than first touching by K. When a free kick down is replayed, the clock will start the same as it does on the original free kick. (3-4-1, 3)

3.4.2 SITUATION C

Near the end of a period with 28 seconds left, K1 punts on fourth down. During the kick the covering official inadvertently sounds his whistle. The clock is stopped with 23 seconds remaining. RULING: The clock will be started with the ready-for-play signal. The down must be replayed. 3.4.2 SITUATION D: K11 punts the ball from a fourth and 10 situation. R1 catches the kick and returns 10 yards. During the down, but prior to the catch, K3 holds R2. R accepts the penalty. RULING: After enforcement, the clock starts on the ready-for-play signal. (3-4-2b(3))

3.4.3 SITUATION A

During a scrimmage kick: (a) R1 signals for and makes a fair catch; or (b) R2 is contacted by K1 before he can attempt to catch the kick. RULING: In (a), the clock was stopped because of the fair catch. It will start when the ball is snapped, or if put in play by a free kick, when the ball is touched other than first touching by K. In (b), the action which caused the clock to be stopped was the foul by K1. When there is kick-catching interference, the offended team has a number of choices. If an awarded fair catch is accepted, the clock will start as in (a). (3-4-2b)

3.4.3 SITUATION B

There are 40 seconds to go in the first period when A is faced with a punting situation against a strong wind while deep in its own territory. After running 25 seconds off the clock, A is called for delay of game. RULING: If B accepts, A will be penalized 5 yards and the clock will not start until the snap. (3-4-6)

3.4.3 SITUATION C

Receiver A1 controls a pass while airborne near A’s sideline. B1 contacts A1 (but does not carry him) who then lands out of bounds in possession of the ball. B1 does not drive the receiver backward from his forward progress. The covering official rules an incomplete pass. RULING: The clock is stopped because of the receiver being out of bounds; therefore, the pass is incomplete. The clock will start with the snap.

3.4.3 SITUATION D

With third and 10: (a) A1 fumbles the ball and B recovers, or (b) A1’ s pass is intercepted by B. When will the clock be restarted? RULING: Since a change of possession has occurred in both (a) and (b) and B is awarded a new series of downs, the clock will start on the snap.

3.4.3 SITUATION E

On fourth down (a) K1’ s punt is blocked by R1 behind the neutral zone where K2 recovers and advances beyond the line to gain, or (b) is stopped behind the line to gain. RULING: In (a) and (b) the clock will start on the snap because a new series has been awarded following a legal kick.

3.4.3 SITUATION F

K11 punts on fourth and 10. R1 catches the kick after giving a legal fair catch signal. Prior to the snap, K2 was illegally in motion. R accepts the penalty for illegal motion. RULING: After enforcement, the clock shall start on the snap as both the down ending and clock stopping was due to the fair catch.

3.4.3 SITUATION G

A1 throws an incomplete pass on third down. During the play, A3 holds. B accepts the penalty. RULING: After enforcement, the clock shall start on the snap. (3-4-3e)

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. the game management.

Rule Reference(s): 3-6-4

3-6-4

Game management is responsible for clearing the field of play and the end zones at the beginning of each half so play may begin at the scheduled time.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

C. out of bounds behind the goal line.

Rule Reference(s): 4-3-2

4-3-2

When the out-of-bounds spot is between the goal lines, the ball shall be put in play at the nearest inbounds spot unless a forward pass is involved. If the out-of-bounds spot is behind a goal line, it is a safety, field goal or touchback. If the ball touches a pylon, it is out of bounds behind the goal line.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. have been momentarily between the 9 yard marks, before the snap.

Rule Reference(s): 7-2-1; 7.2.1 SITUATION A; 7.2.1 SITUATION B

7-2-1

After the ball is marked ready for play, each player of A who participated in the previous down and each substitute for A must have been, momentarily, between the 9-yard marks, before the snap.

7.2.1 SITUATION A

Following a second down play, A89 comes onto the field as a substitute for A93 but A89 stops 5 yards from the sideline as his team is ready to snap the ball. Following the snap, A89 goes down field and catches A1′ s legal forward pass for a first down. RULING: This is an illegal formation and if the penalty is accepted it would be marked off from the previous spot. Depending upon the situation (see 9-6-4d), this could also be illegal participation. (9-6-4d)

7.2.1 SITUATION B

With fourth down and 8 from K’s 20-yard line and K in scrimmage kick formation, K1 kicks the ball, but at the snap, K had only six players on the line of scrimmage. After the play is over, R1 throws K2 to the ground and swings at him. RULING: These fouls would be enforced separately and in order. R will likely decline the penalty for the K foul so that R will get the football, and then R’s dead-ball personal foul is then enforced (and R1 is disqualified) with the ball being placed 15 yards behind the end of the run.

C. There is no score, and Team A does not get to replay the down.

Rule Reference(s): 8-4-4

8-4-4

If during a successful try, a loss of down foul by A occurs, there is no score and no replay.

A. Previous spot

Rule Reference(s): TABLE 7-5

TABLE 7-5

3. INELIGIBLE RECEIVER DOWNFIELD. Ineligible A players may not advance across the expanded neutral zone before a legal forward pass which crosses the neutral zone is in flight unless touched by B in or behind the neutral zone.

Loss of 5 Yards

PREVIOUS SPOT

D. All the above

Rule Reference(s): 5-1-1; 5.1.1 SITUATION A; 5.1.1 SITUATION B; 5.1.1 SITUATION C; 5.1.1 SITUATION D

5-1-1

The team which next puts the ball in play by scrimmage following a free kick, touchback or fair catch is awarded a series of four consecutively numbered downs in which to advance the ball to the line to gain.

a. Each awarded first down starts a new series of four consecutively numbered downs.
b. The referee shall correct the number of the next down prior to the ball becoming live after a new series of downs is awarded and prior to the declaration of the end of any period.

5.1.1 SITUATION A

What procedure is used to correct an error if it is discovered: (a) a fifth down has been run and the discovery is prior to the ball becoming live after a new series of downs is awarded and prior to the declaration of the end of any period; or (b) A has not been given its allotted four downs and the discovery is prior to the ball becoming live after a new series of downs is awarded and prior to the declaration of the end of any period? RULING: In both cases, the number of the next down can be corrected by the referee. In (a), play will revert to where it was before the fifth down was run after the enforcement of any personal, dead ball or unsportsmanlike fouls that occurred during the down. In (b), the referee can declare the proper next down and resume play. COMMENT: Even though play selection, etc. is determined by the down number displayed on the down-marker indicator, the official number of the down is determined by the referee.

5.1.1 SITUATION B

Second down and six. On the last play of the third period, A38 gains three yards. After the play, the down-marker indicator is flipped to fourth down. Following a brief pause to ensure no reason to defer ending the quarter, the referee holds the ball over his head to signify the end of the period. Both teams change ends of the field and the chains are reversed. Before the ball is snapped for the first play of the fourth period, Team A’s coach notifies the game officials that he believes there is an error in the down. RULING: The third period officially ended when the referee held the ball over his head, and therefore the down error may not be corrected.

5.1.1 SITUATION C

During a fifth-down play, Team A is flagged for: (a) illegal formation; (b) holding; (c) twisting the face mask; (d) taunting; or (e) fighting. RULING: The penalties are not enforced in (a) or (b). In (c), (d) and (e), the penalty is enforced as a dead-ball foul before Team B snaps the ball. In (e), the offending player is also disqualified.

5.1.1 SITUATION D

The ball is on the 50-yard line with 10 yards to go for a first down. The down-marker indicator erroneously indicates fourth down when Team K punts on what is actually: (a) third down or (b) fifth down. R6 returns the punt for an apparent touchdown. Prior to the try and without the period ending, it is brought to the attention of the game officials that the down-marker indicator was in error. RULING: In (a), the score is cancelled and the ball is returned to the 50-yard line, third down and 10 for A as Team A. In (b), the fifth down was run in error, the score is cancelled and the ball is returned to the 50-yard line, first down and 10 for R. COMMENT: Consistent enforcement standards involving change-of-possession situations on any improper down are required to ensure a fair and level playing field for participating teams.

I know this answer to be correct as it was on my exam.

B. The ball belongs to R.

Rule Reference(s): 5-1-3-e

5-1-3-e

When a scrimmage down ends with the ball in the field of play or out of bounds between the goal lines, a new series is awarded to:

a. A, if the ball belongs to A on or beyond the line to gain.
b. B, if the ball belongs to B at the end of any down.
c. B, if at the end of the fourth down, the ball belongs to A behind the line to gain.
d. The team in possession at the end of the down, if there is a change of team possession during the down, unless the penalty is accepted for a non post-scrimmage kick foul which occurred before the change of possession.
e. R, if K legally kicks during any scrimmage down and the ball is recovered by R, is in joint possession of opponents, goes out of bounds or becomes dead with no player in possession.
f. The team in possession at the end of the down, if R is the first to touch a scrimmage kick while it is beyond the expanded neutral zone, unless the penalty is accepted for a non post-scrimmage kick foul which occurred before the kick ended or unless 6-2-7 applies.
g. R at the spot of first touching by K, if K is first to touch the kicked ball beyond the expanded neutral zone before it is touched beyond this zone by R and before it has come to rest.

Illegal Trip (TRP).

The illegal tripping foul will be enforced 15 yards from the end of the run.

Both A57 and B90 must leave the game for at least a single down and B90 must remain out until cleared by medical personnel. There is no option for a 10-second runoff due to the fact that the clock stopped due to the actions of both teams. Team A may take a timeout to “buy” A57 back into the game.

The play clock will be set at 40 seconds and the game clock start of the referee’s signal.

Illegal Batting.

A30 committed a foul by batting an inflight backwards pass forward in an effort to gain yardage. The penalty will be enforced 10 yards from the spot of the foul and the down will be replayed. In this play, A66 is eligible to catch the batted ball as the balls status is still a backwards pass and all players are eligible to catch a backwards pass.

Illegal Batting.

A30 committed a foul by batting an inflight backwards pass forward in an effort to gain yardage. The penalty will be enforced 10 yards from the spot of the foul and the down will be replayed. In this play, A66 is eligible to catch the batted ball as the balls status is still a backwards pass and all players are eligible to catch a backwards pass.

Momentum exception applies.

B’s ball 1/10 at the B-4 yard line. The outcome is the same regardless of which team B player ends up with the ball in the end zone, provided that the ball does not leave end zone once it ends up there due to the original momentum of the intercepting player as long as B has possession at the end of the down.

Momentum exception applies.

B’s ball 1/10 at the B-4 yard line. The outcome is the same regardless of which team B player ends up with the ball in the end zone, provided that the ball does not leave end zone once it ends up there due to the original momentum of the intercepting player as long as B has possession at the end of the down.

Illegal Formation (ILF).

If accepted, team A is penalized five yards from the original line of scrimmage and the clock will start on the snap. The 10 second runoff does not apply as the foul on team A did not cause the clock to stop.

Illegal Formation (ILF).

If accepted, team A is penalized five yards from the original line of scrimmage and the clock will start on the snap. The 10 second runoff does not apply as the foul on team A did not cause the clock to stop.