By Karen S. Peterson, USA TODAY

Personal growth is hot. Diagnosis is not. That is one reason America has seen a boom in the number of people offering their services as “life coaches.” These guides give clients the confidence to get unstuck — to change careers, repair relationships, or simply get their act together. They also raise some eyebrows because they work in a field that is virtually unregulated.

“We are not talking about being incompetent or weak. They are everyday, normal people who have their lives together. They realize the value of having somebody to help them think outside the box.” — life coach Laura Berman Fortgang.

Life coaches are a new option for the worried well — those whose lives are only slightly askew. No longer do they need a diagnosis from a psychotherapist who delves into the painful past. Using the telephone or Internet, they can sign up with an upbeat life coach who becomes a partner in defining a better future.

Coaching is especially popular with men, who respond favorably to a term from sports, says coach Patrick Williams, whose Institute for Life Coach Training is based in Ft. Collins, Colo. “Seventy% of the caseload in therapy are women; 60% in coaching are men,” he says.

“It is OK for a man to see a coach,” says Martha Beck, a popular life coach who guests on The Oprah Winfrey Show and writes a column for O — The Oprah Magazine. “It is not OK for a man to see a therapist.”

The latest trend is life coaching for teens, Williams says. He encourages therapists to take his training program and switch careers to life coaching. “We are training people to do family coaching, parent coaching, retirement coaching. There are a lot of specialty niches.”

Some 10,000 coaches of various types are working in the USA alone, according to a review in the current Psychotherapy Networker, a magazine for professionals. Many have signed on in the last five years to what has become a flourishing — and unsupervised — industry that excites some trend watchers but deeply troubles others.

Although many coaches take extensive courses, many others are without credentials. Virtually anyone can declare himself a life coach, says David Fresco, a psychology professor at Kent State University, Kent, Ohio. “There are no qualifications, no unified approach to coaching, no oversight board. Basically they fly under the radar screen of any sort of oversight.” And the virtues of what many offer are unproven, he says.

Many experts also worry that untrained coaches will not realize when they are dealing with someone who is truly troubled, someone who needs more than a “good lesson plan and an enthusiastic cheerleader,” writes Psychotherapy Networker editor Richard Simon. “Coaches do not, nor do they intend to, meet us in the dark places where we’re most desperate, lonely, enraged and fearful — home turf to most psychotherapists.”

The need to recognize the wounded is one reason Williams encourages mental health experts to enter the field. A coach must be able to recognize when he is being asked to “step into the realm of therapy — or healing and uncovering — rather than the realm of discovering and creating.” It must be clear therapy is not being offered.

Coaching began as a motivational tool for the corporate world. “It has been OK to have an executive coach for some time,” says the Psychotherapy Networker‘s Jim Naughton.

The business concept was based on organizational research “with intellectual heft,” he says. The practice has proliferated to become the equivalent of having a personal trainer, he says.

Life coaches focus on enhancing the lives of clients, often talking about balancing or “integrating” one’s life, as Beck puts it.

They usually begin by asking extensive, specific questions and honing in on a precise set of goals. Homework may include writing in a journal, doing various exercises including building a “life blueprint,” and reporting on progress with various “action plans.”

There is no quick fix, Williams cautions. Coaching often takes place over the course of several months, often in half-hour, weekly sessions. Costs vary widely. Williams says some coaches charge $300 an hour, while others say charges are more typically $350 to $600 a month. Most insurance companies won’t pick up the tab.

Life coaching is “action-oriented, solution-oriented, concentrates on forward motion,” not looking at the past, says Laura Berman Fortgang, a life coach based in Montclair, N.J. and author of Living Your Best Life. Her clients, she says, “are smart, educated people who want to make radical changes,” many of whom are now reassessing their goals following the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11.

“We are not talking about being incompetent or weak,” Fortgang says. “They are everyday, normal people who have their lives together. They realize the value of having somebody to help them think outside the box.”

Christina Sauers, 33, of Grand Haven, Mich., says Fortgang has helped her “make a leap of faith” to a different career. She is leaving her job in sales with an office furniture company to return to school, concentrating on “something in sports psychology.” She plans to help local athletes, which will help her give “back to the community.”

She feels, she says, “like I have more to offer. Laura has helped me tap into my own genius, what I am naturally good at. This is my life. It is not a dress rehearsal. I might as well be happy.”

Another of Fortgang’s clients is reassessing life after Sept. 11. She has been a coach herself but has decided to delve more deeply into the helping professions. “Laura helped me ask myself the questions I had been thwarting asking myself for 22 years,” says Jennifer Van Zandt, 37, of Princeton, N.J. “She helped me listen to my calling.” Van Zandt enters the seminary at Princeton University in about six weeks.

Many mental health professionals are debating whether to add life coaching to their services. They are drawn to the field in part because they don’t have to deal with paperwork, insurance companies or managed care, Williams says. They don’t have to “pretend something is wrong” with a client to satisfy an insurance company’s demand for a diagnosis, he says.

Coaches can keep their full fee, Fresco adds. The field is sometimes touted by trainers who say coaches can make big bucks. “I am offended by the fact they have emphasized profitability over the efficacy of their profession,” he says.

Williams says life coaching will “change the face of psychotherapy, helping people live a better life without the stigma of needing a diagnosis or a visit to a psychotherapist they don’t want or need.”

Others are much more skeptical on behalf of clients who may not know they need more than a quick fix, Naughton says. “Positive thinking can only take you so far.”

It is not unusual though to find a professional who specializes in more than one area, for example career and personal/life coaching. Those working with such an expert will typically deal with issues related to:

• Important career changes.
• Professional growth in the corporate world.
• The impact of career choices on family.
• The desire to work as an independent consultant or start their own business.
• Discovering what they want to do and what their gifts and strengths are.

As a catalyst for change, one of the most important roles that the coach plays is to act as an accountability partner for the client. Everyone has good intentions, and many people set annual goals to achieve personal and professional success. However, most people fail when it comes to following through on their goals. And this is exactly where the coach comes in. As an accountability partner, he or she keeps their client focused on the target, and supports them in overcoming stumbling blocks and maintaining momentum.

Life coaching is a relationship-based process that helps to empower, while helping people identify ideas and belief systems that may be obstructing the person’s path as they work to achieve their personal and professional goals. The primary role of a life coach is to support clients in defining goals, identifying and avoiding roadblocks, and creating action plans based on each client’s individual skills, resources, creativity, and wisdom in with greater speed and with more ease than would otherwise be possible.

Life coaches provide structure, support, and feedback to help clients gain greater self-awareness and take measurable action toward the realization of their visions, goals, and dreams. Through a process of inquiry and accountability, coaching empowers individuals to question closely held thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors that may previously have kept them from reaching their full potential.

Life coaches are trained to listen and observe without judgment, and to encourage their clients to discover their own answers.

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Everyday we are confronted with the opportunity to make choices. These choices may seem profound or trivial, however, each choice we make impacts the ways in which we lead our lives, for better or for worse. Insight Coaching & Training realizes that often these choices can be difficult to make alone and wants to provide the support necessary to assist you, our client.