<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="24usqpep0ejc5w6hod3dulxwciwp0djs6c6ufp96av3t4whuxovj72wfkdjxu82yacb7430qjm8adbd5ezlt4592dq4zrvadcn9j9n-0btgdzpiojfzno16-fnsnu7xd" />
        
        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://substackcdn.com" />
        

        
            <title data-rh="true">Focused Chaos | Ben Yoskovitz | Substack</title>
            
            <meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Focused Chaos | Ben Yoskovitz | Substack"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:title" content="Focused Chaos | Ben Yoskovitz | Substack"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="A biweekly newsletter on navigating the chaos of building &amp; investing in startups. Topics include venture studios, entrepreneurship, product management, analytics and more, leveraging a combination of best practices &amp; instincts. Click to read Focused Chaos, by Ben Yoskovitz, a Substack publication with tens of thousands of subscribers."/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="A biweekly newsletter on navigating the chaos of building &amp; investing in startups. Topics include venture studios, entrepreneurship, product management, analytics and more, leveraging a combination of best practices &amp; instincts. Click to read Focused Chaos, by Ben Yoskovitz, a Substack publication with tens of thousands of subscribers."/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:description" content="A biweekly newsletter on navigating the chaos of building &amp; investing in startups. Topics include venture studios, entrepreneurship, product management, analytics and more, leveraging a combination of best practices &amp; instincts. Click to read Focused Chaos, by Ben Yoskovitz, a Substack publication with tens of thousands of subscribers."/><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KbHT!,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbyosko.substack.com%2Ftwitter%2Fsubscribe-card.jpg%3Fv%3D1918092223%26version%3D9"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KbHT!,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbyosko.substack.com%2Ftwitter%2Fsubscribe-card.jpg%3Fv%3D1918092223%26version%3D9"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/>
            
            
        

        

        <style>
          @layer legacy, tailwind, pencraftReset, pencraft;
        </style>

        
        <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/welcome.9b8fb0293b0e9d2860f4.css" />
        
        
        

        
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/382.b89e30f6.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/56938.bc21f918.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/54636.1791a1b4.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/77733.261114a6.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/40106.4c7f34ee.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/55971.d0f75ce7.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/53928.e2f10b08.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/96924.fb8bfe39.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/97993.0e3bc8d6.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/77496.13fa4a14.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/82434.3d08dbdb.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/54636.1791a1b4.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/86379.813be60f.css" />
            
        

        
        
        
        
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0, viewport-fit=cover" />
        <meta name="author" content="Ben Yoskovitz" />
        <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.focusedchaos.co/" />
        
        
        <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.focusedchaos.co/" />
        

        

        

        

        
            
                <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tyWH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Ffavicon.ico">
            
        
            
                <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ylbL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Ffavicon-16x16.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BSBc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Ffavicon-32x32.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uCf2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Ffavicon-48x48.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MgCD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-57x57.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!esSk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-60x60.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!spLf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W_3C!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-76x76.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pQpH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-114x114.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IA0G!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-120x120.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_aNH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-144x144.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cFSB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-152x152.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="167x167" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gkVv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-167x167.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4s8L!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-180x180.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="1024x1024" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYad!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30b05dc0-ab3e-4ff6-b54b-38839c4b26dd%2Fapple-touch-icon-1024x1024.png">
            
        
            
        
            
        
            
        

        

        
            <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/feed" title="Focused Chaos"/>
        

        
        
          <style>
            @font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8on7mTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onXmTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onTmTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onrmTNmnUHo.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M9knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M2knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M3knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M5knjsS_ul.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3FafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3OafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3PafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3BafaPWnII.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}
            
          </style>
        
        

        <style>:root{--color_theme_bg_pop:#2096FF;--background_pop:#2096FF;--cover_bg_color:#FFFFFF;--cover_bg_color_secondary:#f0f0f0;--background_pop_darken:#068aff;--print_on_pop:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_pop_darken:#068aff;--color_theme_print_on_pop:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_pop_20:rgba(32, 150, 255, 0.2);--color_theme_bg_pop_30:rgba(32, 150, 255, 0.3);--print_pop:#2096ff;--color_theme_accent:#2096ff;--cover_print_primary:#363737;--cover_print_secondary:#757575;--cover_print_tertiary:#b6b6b6;--cover_border_color:#2096ff;--font_family_body_preset:Spectral,sans-serif;--font_weight_body_preset:400;--font_size_body_offset:1px;--font_preset_body:classic_serif;--home_hero:newspaper;--home_posts:grid;--home_show_top_posts:true;--web_bg_color:#ffffff;--background_contrast_1:#f0f0f0;--background_contrast_2:#dddddd;--background_contrast_3:#b7b7b7;--background_contrast_4:#929292;--background_contrast_5:#515151;--color_theme_bg_contrast_1:#f0f0f0;--color_theme_bg_contrast_2:#dddddd;--color_theme_bg_contrast_3:#b7b7b7;--color_theme_bg_contrast_4:#929292;--color_theme_bg_contrast_5:#515151;--color_theme_bg_elevated:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_elevated_secondary:#f0f0f0;--color_theme_bg_elevated_tertiary:#dddddd;--color_theme_detail:#e6e6e6;--background_contrast_pop:rgba(32, 150, 255, 0.4);--color_theme_bg_contrast_pop:rgba(32, 150, 255, 0.4);--theme_bg_is_dark:0;--print_on_web_bg_color:#363737;--print_secondary_on_web_bg_color:#868787;--background_pop_rgb:32, 150, 255;--color_theme_bg_pop_rgb:32, 150, 255;--color_theme_accent_rgb:32, 150, 255;}</style>

        
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/welcome.9b8fb0293b0e9d2860f4.css" />
        

        <style></style>

        

        

        

        
    </head>

    <body class="">
        

        

        

        

        <div id="entry">
            <div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset coverTheme-PJLqY5"><div class="intro-popup"><div class="intro-popup-page"><div class="full-email-form"><div class="vertically-centered"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Close" data-testid="close-welcome-modal" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft closeWelcomeModal-KVUfKQ iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-x"><path d="M18 6 6 18"></path><path d="m6 6 12 12"></path></svg></button><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YLDv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YLDv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YLDv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YLDv!,w_1360,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png 1360w" sizes="100vw"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YLDv!,w_1360,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png" sizes="100vw" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YLDv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YLDv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YLDv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YLDv!,w_1360,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png 1360w" width="1360" loading="eager" style="height:min(35vh, 681.1333333333333px);" class="img-OACg1c publication-cover-photo pencraft pc-reset"/></picture><h1 class="publication-name with-cover balancedText-oQ__Kv">Focused Chaos</h1><p class="publication-tagline with-cover verbose with-cover balancedText-oQ__Kv">A biweekly newsletter on navigating the chaos of building &amp; investing in startups. Topics include venture studios, entrepreneurship, product management, analytics and more, leveraging a combination of best practices &amp; instincts.</p><div class="publication-meta"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset pc-display-inline-flex">By Ben Yoskovitz</div> · Over 12,000 subscribers</div><div style="width:100%;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset"><div style="width:100%;max-width:380px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset emailFormContainer-TcAFa_"><div class="container-IpPqBD"><form action="/api/v1/free?nojs=true" method="post" novalidate class="form form-M5sC90"><input type="hidden" name="first_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="current_url"/><input type="hidden" name="current_referrer"/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="referral_code"/><input type="hidden" name="source" value="cover_page"/><input type="hidden" name="referring_pub_id"/><input type="hidden" name="additional_referring_pub_ids"/><div class="sideBySideWrap-vGXrwP"><div class="emailInputWrapper-QlA86j"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA"><input name="email" placeholder="Type your email..." type="email" class="pencraft emailInput-OkIMeB emailInputOnWelcomePage-nqc9VK input-y4v6N4 inputText-pV_yWb"/></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="submit" disabled class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft rightButton primary subscribe-btn button-VFSdkv buttonBase-GK1x3M"><span class="button-text ">Subscribe</span></button></div><div id="error-container"></div></form></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-paddingLeft-0 pc-mobile-paddingLeft-16 pc-paddingRight-0 pc-mobile-paddingRight-16 pc-paddingTop-16 pc-reset tosText-yAQHNw"><div class="visibility-check"></div><label class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset tosCheckbox-XbLWCT"><div translated class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s align-center-y7ZD4w line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">By subscribing, you agree Substack's <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="https://substack.com/tos" target="_blank" class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ">Terms of Use</a>, and acknowledge its <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="https://substack.com/ccpa#personal-data-collected" target="_blank" class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ">Information Collection Notice</a> and <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="https://substack.com/privacy" target="_blank" class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ">Privacy Policy</a>.</div></label></div></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="maybeLater" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft maybeLater-PlK9NK buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_quaternary-kpMibu size_md-gCDS3o">No thanks<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-right"><path d="m9 18 6-6-6-6"></path></svg></button><div class="blurb-buffer"></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-20 pc-reset blurbs"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-reset blurb"><div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ blurb-text blurbText-isJ4mY"><div style="position:relative;"><div>“Ben has written a ton about entrepreneurship and knows a lot about building and investing in startups. ”...”</div><div style="visibility:hidden;position:absolute;width:100%;"></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ blurb-text blurbText-isJ4mY">Raymond Luk, <a href="https://www.raymondluk.co">A Leap of Faith</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
        </div>

        
            <script src="https://js.sentry-cdn.com/6c2ff3e3828e4017b7faf7b63e24cdf8.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
            <script>
                window.Sentry && window.Sentry.onLoad(function() {
                    window.Sentry.init({
                        environment: window._preloads.sentry_environment,
                        dsn: window._preloads.sentry_dsn,
                    })
                })
            </script>
        


        
        
        
        
        <script>window._preloads        = JSON.parse("{\"isEU\":false,\"language\":\"en\",\"country\":\"US\",\"userLocale\":{\"language\":\"en\",\"region\":\"US\",\"source\":\"default\"},\"base_url\":\"https://www.focusedchaos.co\",\"stripe_publishable_key\":\"pk_live_51QfnARLDSWi1i85FBpvw6YxfQHljOpWXw8IKi5qFWEzvW8HvoD8cqTulR9UWguYbYweLvA16P7LN6WZsGdZKrNkE00uGbFaOE3\",\"captcha_site_key\":\"6LeI15YsAAAAAPXyDcvuVqipba_jEFQCjz1PFQoz\",\"pub\":{\"apple_pay_disabled\":false,\"apex_domain\":null,\"author_id\":429638,\"byline_images_enabled\":true,\"bylines_enabled\":true,\"chartable_token\":null,\"community_enabled\":true,\"copyright\":\"Ben Yoskovitz\",\"cover_photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png\",\"created_at\":\"2022-12-12T13:25:38.027Z\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"custom_domain\":\"www.focusedchaos.co\",\"default_comment_sort\":\"best_first\",\"default_coupon\":null,\"default_group_coupon\":\"b90048f2\",\"default_show_guest_bios\":true,\"email_banner_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0457194-7e94-4fe0-bf22-a6e822e8160b_1100x220.png\",\"email_from_name\":\"Ben Yoskovitz from Focused Chaos\",\"email_from\":null,\"embed_tracking_disabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"expose_paywall_content_to_search_engines\":true,\"fb_pixel_id\":null,\"fb_site_verification_token\":null,\"flagged_as_spam\":false,\"founding_subscription_benefits\":[\"30-minute FREE Intro.co call (1/year)\"],\"free_subscription_benefits\":[\"Occasional public posts\"],\"ga_pixel_id\":null,\"google_site_verification_token\":null,\"google_tag_manager_token\":null,\"hero_image\":null,\"hero_text\":\"A biweekly newsletter on navigating the chaos of building & investing in startups. Topics include venture studios, entrepreneurship, product management, analytics and more, leveraging a combination of best practices & instincts.\",\"hide_intro_subtitle\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":null,\"hide_podcast_feed_link\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"id\":1238578,\"image_thumbnails_always_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"hide_podcast_from_pub_listings\":false,\"language\":\"en\",\"logo_url_wide\":null,\"logo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MiDp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3490652e-836d-4819-a74a-f688439de28c_256x256.png\",\"minimum_group_size\":2,\"moderation_enabled\":true,\"name\":\"Focused Chaos\",\"paid_subscription_benefits\":[\"Subscriber-only posts and full archive\",\"Exclusive & updated resources and tools\",\"Support a writer trying to create as much value as possible\"],\"parsely_pixel_id\":null,\"chartbeat_domain\":null,\"payments_state\":\"enabled\",\"paywall_free_trial_enabled\":true,\"podcast_art_url\":null,\"paid_podcast_episode_art_url\":null,\"podcast_byline\":null,\"podcast_description\":null,\"podcast_enabled\":false,\"podcast_feed_url\":null,\"podcast_title\":null,\"post_preview_limit\":1000,\"primary_user_id\":429638,\"require_clickthrough\":false,\"show_pub_podcast_tab\":false,\"show_recs_on_homepage\":true,\"subdomain\":\"byosko\",\"subscriber_invites\":0,\"support_email\":null,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#2096FF\",\"theme_var_color_links\":false,\"theme_var_cover_bg_color\":null,\"trial_end_override\":null,\"twitter_pixel_id\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"post_reaction_faces_enabled\":true,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"plans\":[{\"id\":\"yearly100usd\",\"object\":\"plan\",\"active\":true,\"aggregate_usage\":null,\"amount\":10000,\"amount_decimal\":\"10000\",\"billing_scheme\":\"per_unit\",\"created\":1743354213,\"currency\":\"usd\",\"interval\":\"year\",\"interval_count\":1,\"livemode\":true,\"metadata\":{\"substack\":\"yes\"},\"meter\":null,\"nickname\":\"$100 a year\",\"product\":\"prod_S2UFAyhLKvKfrR\",\"tiers\":null,\"tiers_mode\":null,\"transform_usage\":null,\"trial_period_days\":null,\"usage_type\":\"licensed\",\"currency_options\":{\"aud\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":14500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"14500\"},\"brl\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":52000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"52000\"},\"cad\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":14000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"14000\"},\"chf\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":8000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"8000\"},\"dkk\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":65000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"65000\"},\"eur\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":9000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"9000\"},\"gbp\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":8000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"8000\"},\"mxn\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":179500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"179500\"},\"nok\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":97000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"97000\"},\"nzd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":17500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"17500\"},\"pln\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":37500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"37500\"},\"sek\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":95000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"95000\"},\"usd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":10000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"10000\"}}},{\"id\":\"monthly10usd\",\"object\":\"plan\",\"active\":true,\"aggregate_usage\":null,\"amount\":1000,\"amount_decimal\":\"1000\",\"billing_scheme\":\"per_unit\",\"created\":1743354212,\"currency\":\"usd\",\"interval\":\"month\",\"interval_count\":1,\"livemode\":true,\"metadata\":{\"substack\":\"yes\"},\"meter\":null,\"nickname\":\"$10 a month\",\"product\":\"prod_S2UFSHMqDhGtFW\",\"tiers\":null,\"tiers_mode\":null,\"transform_usage\":null,\"trial_period_days\":null,\"usage_type\":\"licensed\",\"currency_options\":{\"aud\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":1500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"1500\"},\"brl\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":5500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"5500\"},\"cad\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":1400,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"1400\"},\"chf\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"800\"},\"dkk\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":6500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"6500\"},\"eur\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":900,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"900\"},\"gbp\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"800\"},\"mxn\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":18000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"18000\"},\"nok\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":10000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"10000\"},\"nzd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":1800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"1800\"},\"pln\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":3800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"3800\"},\"sek\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":9500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"9500\"},\"usd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":1000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"1000\"}}},{\"id\":\"founding30000usd\",\"name\":\"founding30000usd\",\"nickname\":\"founding30000usd\",\"active\":true,\"amount\":30000,\"currency\":\"usd\",\"interval\":\"year\",\"interval_count\":1,\"metadata\":{\"substack\":\"yes\",\"founding\":\"yes\",\"no_coupons\":\"yes\",\"short_description\":\"Founding Member\",\"short_description_english\":\"Founding Member\",\"minimum\":\"10000\",\"minimum_local\":{\"aud\":14500,\"brl\":51500,\"cad\":14000,\"chf\":8000,\"dkk\":65000,\"eur\":9000,\"gbp\":8000,\"mxn\":178000,\"nok\":97500,\"nzd\":18000,\"pln\":37000,\"sek\":95000,\"usd\":10000}},\"currency_options\":{\"aud\":{\"unit_amount\":43500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"brl\":{\"unit_amount\":154500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"cad\":{\"unit_amount\":42000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"chf\":{\"unit_amount\":24000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"dkk\":{\"unit_amount\":194500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"eur\":{\"unit_amount\":26000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"gbp\":{\"unit_amount\":23000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"mxn\":{\"unit_amount\":533500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"nok\":{\"unit_amount\":291500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"nzd\":{\"unit_amount\":53000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"pln\":{\"unit_amount\":111000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"sek\":{\"unit_amount\":284000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"usd\":{\"unit_amount\":30000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"}}}],\"stripe_user_id\":\"acct_1R8PAyEmBfsvG6x5\",\"stripe_country\":\"CA\",\"stripe_publishable_key\":\"pk_live_51R8PAyEmBfsvG6x54LsC19uE06byoJhf4jqsZoWa76mp7lSPLuI85oW3XryKNQRUoP0soQWyvc35hPZwnNSz3Mmc00Rinbw21l\",\"stripe_platform_account\":\"US\",\"automatic_tax_enabled\":false,\"author_name\":\"Ben Yoskovitz\",\"author_handle\":\"byosko\",\"author_photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pn_X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fa4159c-fca1-4dc0-8be6-4101d8485e1d_1200x1200.jpeg\",\"author_bio\":\"Founding Partner of Highline Beta. Entrepreneur, investor & author.\",\"twitter_screen_name\":\"byosko\",\"has_custom_tos\":false,\"has_custom_privacy\":false,\"theme\":{\"background_pop_color\":null,\"web_bg_color\":\"#ffffff\",\"cover_bg_color\":null,\"publication_id\":1238578,\"color_links\":null,\"font_preset_heading\":null,\"font_preset_body\":\"classic_serif\",\"font_family_headings\":null,\"font_family_body\":null,\"font_family_ui\":null,\"font_size_body_desktop\":null,\"print_secondary\":null,\"custom_css_web\":null,\"custom_css_email\":null,\"home_hero\":\"newspaper\",\"home_posts\":\"grid\",\"home_show_top_posts\":true,\"hide_images_from_list\":false,\"home_hero_alignment\":\"left\",\"home_hero_show_podcast_links\":true,\"default_post_header_variant\":null,\"custom_header\":null,\"custom_footer\":null,\"social_media_links\":null,\"font_options\":null,\"section_template\":null,\"custom_subscribe\":null},\"threads_v2_settings\":null,\"default_group_coupon_percent_off\":\"25.00\",\"pause_return_date\":null,\"has_posts\":true,\"has_recommendations\":true,\"first_post_date\":\"2022-12-13T17:41:00.112Z\",\"has_podcast\":false,\"has_free_podcast\":false,\"has_subscriber_only_podcast\":false,\"has_community_content\":true,\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 3 years ago\",\"rankingDetailFreeIncluded\":\"Tens of thousands of subscribers\",\"rankingDetailOrderOfMagnitude\":10,\"rankingDetailFreeIncludedOrderOfMagnitude\":10000,\"rankingDetailFreeSubscriberCount\":\"Over 12,000 subscribers\",\"rankingDetailByLanguage\":{\"ar\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 3 years ago\"},\"ca\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"S\u2019ha llan\u00E7at fa 3 anys\"},\"da\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lancering 3 \u00E5r\"},\"de\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Vor vor 3 Jahren gelauncht\"},\"es\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanzado hace 3 a\u00F1os\"},\"fr\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanc\u00E9 il y a 3 ann\u00E9es\"},\"ja\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"\u958B\u59CB\u65E5 3\u5E74\u524D\"},\"nb\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lansert 3 \u00E5r\"},\"nl\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Gelanceerd 3 jaar geleden\"},\"pl\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Uruchomiono 3 lat temu\"},\"pt\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lan\u00E7ado 3 anos\"},\"pt-br\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lan\u00E7ado 3 anos\"},\"it\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanciato 3 anni\"},\"tr\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"3 y\u0131l ba\u015Flat\u0131ld\u0131\"},\"sv\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanserad 3 \u00E5r sedan\"},\"en\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 3 years ago\"}},\"freeSubscriberCount\":\"12,000\",\"freeSubscriberCountOrderOfMagnitude\":\"12K+\",\"author_bestseller_tier\":0,\"author_badge\":{\"type\":\"subscriber\",\"tier\":1,\"accent_colors\":null},\"disable_monthly_subscriptions\":false,\"disable_annual_subscriptions\":false,\"hide_post_restacks\":false,\"notes_feed_enabled\":false,\"showIntroModule\":false,\"isPortraitLayout\":false,\"last_chat_post_at\":null,\"primary_profile_name\":\"Ben Yoskovitz\",\"primary_profile_photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pn_X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fa4159c-fca1-4dc0-8be6-4101d8485e1d_1200x1200.jpeg\",\"no_follow\":false,\"paywall_chat\":\"free\",\"sections\":[],\"multipub_migration\":null,\"navigationBarItems\":[{\"id\":\"2641ceee-56ff-4849-93d7-72335c769ee7\",\"publication_id\":1238578,\"sibling_rank\":0,\"link_title\":\"Helpful Resources\",\"link_url\":\"/helpful-resources\",\"section_id\":null,\"post_id\":null,\"is_hidden\":null,\"standard_key\":null,\"post_tag_id\":null,\"parent_id\":null,\"is_group\":false,\"post\":null,\"section\":null,\"children\":[],\"postTag\":null},{\"id\":\"9ee38bb7-b5d3-4a3b-9de8-2f574fe783e9\",\"publication_id\":1238578,\"sibling_rank\":1,\"link_title\":\"Venture Studios\",\"link_url\":\"\",\"section_id\":null,\"post_id\":null,\"is_hidden\":null,\"standard_key\":null,\"post_tag_id\":\"e4036a2e-adbc-40e0-8667-1859b674545b\",\"parent_id\":null,\"is_group\":false,\"post\":null,\"section\":null,\"children\":[],\"postTag\":{\"id\":\"e4036a2e-adbc-40e0-8667-1859b674545b\",\"publication_id\":1238578,\"name\":\"Venture Studios\",\"slug\":\"venture-studios\",\"hidden\":false}},{\"id\":\"a66915b7-22cb-43c6-8450-249b8c486fc9\",\"publication_id\":1238578,\"sibling_rank\":2,\"link_title\":\"Building Products\",\"link_url\":\"\",\"section_id\":null,\"post_id\":null,\"is_hidden\":null,\"standard_key\":null,\"post_tag_id\":\"ff04d52c-80f8-462d-8e3e-2a11a8f3cc9f\",\"parent_id\":null,\"is_group\":false,\"post\":null,\"section\":null,\"children\":[],\"postTag\":{\"id\":\"ff04d52c-80f8-462d-8e3e-2a11a8f3cc9f\",\"publication_id\":1238578,\"name\":\"Building Products\",\"slug\":\"building-products\",\"hidden\":false}}],\"contributors\":[{\"name\":\"Ben Yoskovitz\",\"handle\":\"byosko\",\"role\":\"admin\",\"owner\":true,\"user_id\":429638,\"photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fa4159c-fca1-4dc0-8be6-4101d8485e1d_1200x1200.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Founding Partner of Highline Beta. Entrepreneur, investor & author.\"}],\"threads_v2_enabled\":false,\"viralGiftsConfig\":{\"id\":\"07cde873-02d7-46e6-914f-4f83643af1f7\",\"publication_id\":1238578,\"enabled\":true,\"gifts_per_user\":5,\"gift_length_months\":1,\"send_extra_gifts\":true,\"message\":\"A biweekly newsletter on navigating the chaos of building & investing in startups. Topics include venture studios, entrepreneurship, product management, analytics and more, leveraging a combination of best practices & instincts.\",\"created_at\":\"2025-03-30T17:19:03.442826+00:00\",\"updated_at\":\"2025-03-30T17:19:03.442826+00:00\",\"days_til_invite\":14,\"send_emails\":true,\"show_link\":null},\"tier\":2,\"no_index\":false,\"can_set_google_site_verification\":true,\"can_have_sitemap\":true,\"iap_advanced_plans\":[{\"sku\":\"J9d3pftnr9vDSxoopC\",\"publication_id\":\"1238578\",\"is_active\":true,\"price_base_units\":1400,\"currency_alpha3\":\"usd\",\"period\":\"month\",\"created_at\":\"2025-05-19T18:41:14.076Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2025-05-19T18:41:14.076Z\",\"id\":\"46430\",\"payout_amount_base_units\":100,\"alternate_currencies\":{\"aud\":2200,\"brl\":8000,\"cad\":2000,\"chf\":1200,\"dkk\":9500,\"eur\":1300,\"gbp\":1100,\"mxn\":27500,\"nok\":15000,\"nzd\":2400,\"pln\":5500,\"sek\":14000},\"is_founding\":false,\"display_name\":\"Focused Chaos (Monthly)\",\"display_price\":\"$14\"},{\"sku\":\"IK9FL3jAQ6CnzXnMkv\",\"publication_id\":\"1238578\",\"is_active\":true,\"price_base_units\":14000,\"currency_alpha3\":\"usd\",\"period\":\"year\",\"created_at\":\"2025-05-19T18:41:14.100Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2025-05-19T18:41:14.100Z\",\"id\":\"46431\",\"payout_amount_base_units\":1000,\"alternate_currencies\":{\"aud\":22000,\"brl\":79500,\"cad\":20000,\"chf\":12000,\"dkk\":93500,\"eur\":13000,\"gbp\":11000,\"mxn\":273000,\"nok\":145500,\"nzd\":24000,\"pln\":54000,\"sek\":137000},\"is_founding\":false,\"display_name\":\"Focused Chaos (Yearly)\",\"display_price\":\"$140\"}],\"founding_plan_name_english\":\"Founding Member\",\"iap_founding_plan\":{\"base_plan_id\":\"founding30000usd\",\"name\":\"Founding Member\",\"minimum_amount\":14000,\"suggested_amount\":41000,\"currency_alpha3\":\"usd\",\"alternate_currencies\":{\"aud\":{\"minimum_amount\":20500,\"suggested_amount\":59500},\"brl\":{\"minimum_amount\":72500,\"suggested_amount\":211500},\"cad\":{\"minimum_amount\":19500,\"suggested_amount\":57500},\"chf\":{\"minimum_amount\":11500,\"suggested_amount\":33000},\"dkk\":{\"minimum_amount\":91000,\"suggested_amount\":265500},\"eur\":{\"minimum_amount\":12500,\"suggested_amount\":36000},\"gbp\":{\"minimum_amount\":11000,\"suggested_amount\":31000},\"mxn\":{\"minimum_amount\":249000,\"suggested_amount\":728500},\"nok\":{\"minimum_amount\":136000,\"suggested_amount\":398500},\"nzd\":{\"minimum_amount\":25000,\"suggested_amount\":72000},\"pln\":{\"minimum_amount\":52000,\"suggested_amount\":152000},\"sek\":{\"minimum_amount\":132500,\"suggested_amount\":387500}}},\"bundles\":[],\"base_url\":\"https://www.focusedchaos.co\",\"hostname\":\"www.focusedchaos.co\",\"is_on_substack\":false,\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null,\"podcastPalette\":{\"DarkMuted\":{\"population\":72,\"rgb\":[73,153,137]},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"population\":6013,\"rgb\":[4,100,84]},\"LightMuted\":{\"population\":7,\"rgb\":[142,198,186]},\"LightVibrant\":{\"population\":3,\"rgb\":[166,214,206]},\"Muted\":{\"population\":6,\"rgb\":[92,164,156]},\"Vibrant\":{\"population\":5,\"rgb\":[76,164,146]}},\"pageThemes\":{\"podcast\":null},\"live_subscriber_counts\":false,\"supports_ip_content_unlock\":false,\"appTheme\":{\"colors\":{\"accent\":{\"name\":\"#2096ff\",\"primary\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":132,\"b\":235,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":132,\"b\":235,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.3},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":78,\"g\":169,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":78,\"g\":169,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.3}}},\"fg\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.8},\"secondary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":120,\"b\":217,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.9},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":1}}},\"bg\":{\"name\":\"#ffffff\",\"hue\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0},\"tint\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0},\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":250,\"g\":250,\"b\":250,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":250,\"g\":250,\"b\":250,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":238,\"g\":238,\"b\":238,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":206.90096477355226,\"g\":206.90096477355175,\"b\":206.9009647735519,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":219,\"g\":219,\"b\":219,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":182,\"g\":182,\"b\":182,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":22,\"g\":23,\"b\":24,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":35,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":41.35899397549579,\"g\":43.405356429195315,\"b\":43.40489285041963,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":55,\"b\":55,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":90,\"g\":91,\"b\":91,\"a\":1}}}},\"cover_image\":{\"url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YLDv!,w_1200,h_400,c_crop,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto,b_rgb:FFFFFF/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fac359b-1ddd-4eec-8ddd-d3f34381cb0b_600x601.png\",\"height\":400,\"width\":600}},\"portalAppTheme\":{\"colors\":{\"accent\":{\"name\":\"#2096FF\",\"primary\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":6,\"g\":138,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.3},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":78,\"g\":169,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":78,\"g\":169,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.3}}},\"fg\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":55,\"b\":55,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":134,\"g\":135,\"b\":135,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":146,\"g\":146,\"b\":146,\"a\":1},\"accent\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.9},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":32,\"g\":150,\"b\":255,\"a\":1}}},\"bg\":{\"name\":\"#ffffff\",\"hue\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"tint\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":240,\"g\":240,\"b\":240,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":240,\"g\":240,\"b\":240,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":240,\"g\":240,\"b\":240,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":221,\"g\":221,\"b\":221,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":183,\"g\":183,\"b\":183,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":22,\"g\":23,\"b\":24,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":35,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":41.35899397549579,\"g\":43.405356429195315,\"b\":43.40489285041963,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":55,\"b\":55,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":90,\"g\":91,\"b\":91,\"a\":1}}},\"wordmark_bg\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1}},\"fonts\":{\"body\":\"classic_serif\"}},\"logoPalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[246,190,20],\"population\":214},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[121,80,33],\"population\":204},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[251,220,41],\"population\":8},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[120,112,100],\"population\":96},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[80,66,47],\"population\":237},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[197,188,180],\"population\":15}}},\"confirmedLogin\":false,\"hide_intro_popup\":false,\"block_auto_login\":false,\"domainInfo\":{\"isSubstack\":false,\"customDomain\":\"www.focusedchaos.co\"},\"experimentFeatures\":{},\"experimentExposures\":{},\"siteConfigs\":{\"score_upsell_email\":\"control\",\"first_chat_email_enabled\":true,\"reader-onboarding-promoted-pub\":737237,\"new_commenter_approval\":false,\"pub_update_opennode_api_key\":false,\"notes_video_max_duration_minutes\":15,\"show_content_label_age_gating_in_feed\":false,\"zendesk_automation_cancellations\":false,\"hide_book_a_meeting_button\":false,\"enable_saved_segments\":false,\"mfa_action_box_enabled\":false,\"publication_max_bylines\":35,\"no_contest_charge_disputes\":false,\"feed_posts_previously_seen_weight\":0.1,\"publication_tabs_reorder\":false,\"comp_expiry_email_new_copy\":\"NONE\",\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"traffic_rule_check_enabled\":false,\"amp_emails_enabled\":false,\"enable_post_summarization\":false,\"live_stream_host_warning_message\":\"\",\"bitcoin_enabled\":false,\"minimum_ios_os_version\":\"17.0.0\",\"show_entire_square_image\":false,\"hide_subscriber_count\":false,\"fit_in_live_stream_player\":false,\"publication_author_display_override\":\"\",\"ios_webview_payments_enabled\":\"control\",\"generate_pdf_tax_report\":false,\"show_generic_post_importer\":false,\"enable_pledges_modal\":true,\"include_pdf_invoice\":false,\"notes_weight_watch_video\":5,\"enable_react_dashboard\":false,\"meetings_v1\":false,\"enable_videos_page\":false,\"exempt_from_gtm_filter\":false,\"group_sections_and_podcasts_in_menu\":false,\"boost_optin_modal_enabled\":true,\"standards_and_enforcement_features_enabled\":false,\"pub_creation_captcha_behavior\":\"risky_pubs_or_rate_limit\",\"post_blogspot_importer\":false,\"notes_weight_short_item_boost\":0.15,\"enable_high_res_background_uploading\":false,\"pub_tts_override\":\"default\",\"disable_monthly_subscriptions\":false,\"skip_welcome_email\":false,\"chat_reader_thread_notification_default\":false,\"scheduled_pinned_posts\":false,\"disable_redirect_outbound_utm_params\":false,\"reader_gift_referrals_enabled\":true,\"dont_show_guest_byline\":false,\"like_comments_enabled\":true,\"enable_grouped_library\":false,\"temporal_livestream_ended_draft\":true,\"enable_author_note_email_toggle\":false,\"meetings_embed_publication_name\":false,\"fallback_to_archive_search_on_section_pages\":false,\"livekit_track_egress_custom_base_url\":\"http://livekit-egress-custom-recorder-participant-test.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\",\"welcome_screen_blurb_override\":\"\",\"notes_weight_low_impression_boost\":0.3,\"like_posts_enabled\":true,\"feed_promoted_video_boost\":1.5,\"twitter_player_card_enabled\":true,\"subscribe_bypass_preact_router\":false,\"feed_promoted_user\":false,\"show_note_stats_for_all_notes\":false,\"section_specific_csv_imports_enabled\":false,\"disable_podcast_feed_description_cta\":false,\"bypass_profile_substack_logo_detection\":false,\"use_preloaded_player_sources\":false,\"enable_tiktok_oauth\":false,\"list_pruning_enabled\":false,\"facebook_connect\":false,\"opt_in_to_sections_during_subscribe\":false,\"dpn_weight_share\":2,\"underlined_colored_links\":false,\"enable_efficient_digest_embed\":false,\"extract_stripe_receipt_url\":false,\"enable_aligned_images\":false,\"max_image_upload_mb\":64,\"threads_suggested_ios_version\":null,\"pledges_disabled\":false,\"threads_minimum_ios_version\":812,\"hide_podcast_email_setup_link\":false,\"subscribe_captcha_behavior\":\"default\",\"publication_ban_sample_rate\":0,\"enable_note_polls\":false,\"ios_enable_publication_activity_tab\":false,\"custom_themes_substack_subscribe_modal\":false,\"ios_post_share_assets_screenshot_trigger\":\"control\",\"opt_in_to_sections_during_subscribe_include_main_pub_newsletter\":false,\"continue_support_cta_in_newsletter_emails\":false,\"bloomberg_syndication_enabled\":false,\"welcome_page_app_button\":true,\"lists_enabled\":false,\"adhoc_email_batch_delay_ms\":0,\"generated_database_maintenance_mode\":false,\"allow_document_freeze\":false,\"test_age_gate_user\":false,\"podcast_main_feed_is_firehose\":false,\"pub_app_incentive_gift\":\"\",\"no_embed_redirect\":false,\"customized_email_from_name_for_new_follow_emails\":\"treatment\",\"spotify_open_access_sandbox_mode\":false,\"disable_custom_nav_menu\":false,\"enable_callout_block\":true,\"fullstory_enabled\":false,\"chat_reply_poll_interval\":3,\"dpn_weight_follow_or_subscribe\":3,\"thefp_enable_email_upsell_banner\":false,\"force_pub_links_to_use_subdomain\":false,\"always_show_cookie_banner\":false,\"hide_media_download_option\":false,\"hide_post_restacks\":false,\"feed_item_source_debug_mode\":false,\"ios_subscription_bar_live_polling_enabled\":true,\"enable_user_status_ui\":false,\"publication_homepage_title_display_override\":\"\",\"live_stream_founding_audience_enabled\":true,\"post_preview_highlight_byline\":false,\"4k_video\":false,\"enable_islands_section_intent_screen\":false,\"post_metering_enabled\":false,\"notifications_disabled\":\"\",\"cross_post_notification_threshold\":1000,\"facebook_connect_prod_app\":true,\"force_into_pymk_ranking\":false,\"minimum_android_version\":756,\"live_stream_krisp_noise_suppression_enabled\":false,\"enable_transcription_translations\":false,\"nav_group_items\":false,\"use_og_image_as_twitter_image_for_post_previews\":false,\"always_use_podcast_channel_art_as_episode_art_in_rss\":false,\"enable_sponsorship_perks\":false,\"seo_tier_override\":\"NONE\",\"editor_role_enabled\":false,\"no_follow_links\":false,\"publisher_api_enabled\":false,\"zendesk_support_priority\":\"default\",\"enable_post_clips_stats\":false,\"enable_subscriber_referrals_awards\":true,\"ios_profile_themes_feed_permalink_enabled\":false,\"include_thumbnail_landscape_layouts\":true,\"use_publication_language_for_transcription\":false,\"show_substack_funded_gifts_tooltip\":true,\"disable_ai_transcription\":false,\"thread_permalink_preview_min_ios_version\":4192,\"android_toggle_on_website_enabled\":false,\"internal_android_enable_post_editor\":false,\"enable_pencraft_sandbox_access\":false,\"updated_inbox_ui\":false,\"live_stream_creation_enabled\":true,\"disable_card_element_in_europe\":false,\"web_growth_item_promotion_threshold\":0,\"bundle_subscribe_enabled\":false,\"enable_web_typing_indicators\":false,\"web_vitals_sample_rate\":0,\"allow_live_stream_auto_takedown\":\"true\",\"mobile_publication_attachments_enabled\":false,\"ios_post_dynamic_title_size\":false,\"ios_enable_live_stream_highlight_trailer_toggle\":false,\"ai_image_generation_enabled\":true,\"disable_personal_substack_initialization\":false,\"section_specific_welcome_pages\":false,\"local_payment_methods\":\"control\",\"publisher_api_cancel_comp\":false,\"posts_in_rss_feed\":20,\"post_rec_endpoint\":\"\",\"publisher_dashboard_section_selector\":false,\"reader_surveys_platform_question_order\":\"36,1,4,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35\",\"developer_api_enabled\":false,\"login_guard_app_link_in_email\":true,\"community_moderators_enabled\":false,\"monthly_sub_is_one_off\":false,\"unread_notes_activity_digest\":\"control\",\"display_cookie_settings\":false,\"welcome_page_query_params\":false,\"enable_free_podcast_urls\":false,\"email_post_stats_v2\":false,\"comp_expiry_emails_disabled\":false,\"enable_description_on_polls\":false,\"use_microlink_for_instagram_embeds\":false,\"post_notification_batch_delay_ms\":30000,\"free_signup_confirmation_behavior\":\"with_email_validation\",\"ios_post_stats_for_admins\":false,\"enable_livestream_branding\":true,\"use_livestream_post_media_composition\":true,\"section_specific_preambles\":false,\"pub_export_temp_disable\":false,\"show_menu_on_posts\":false,\"android_reset_backstack_after_timeout\":false,\"ios_post_subscribe_web_routing\":true,\"ios_writer_stats_public_launch_v2\":false,\"min_size_for_phishing_check\":1,\"include_thumbnail_book_cover_layouts\":false,\"enable_android_post_stats\":false,\"ios_chat_revamp_enabled\":false,\"app_onboarding_survey_email\":false,\"republishing_enabled\":false,\"app_mode\":false,\"show_phone_banner\":false,\"live_stream_video_enhancer\":\"internal\",\"minimum_ios_version\":2200,\"enable_author_pages\":false,\"enable_decagon_chat\":true,\"first_month_upsell\":\"control\",\"enable_subscriber_tags\":false,\"new_user_checklist_enabled\":\"use_follower_count\",\"ios_feed_note_status_polling_enabled\":false,\"latex_upgraded_inline\":false,\"show_attached_profile_for_pub_setting\":false,\"rss_verification_code\":\"\",\"notification_post_emails\":\"experiment\",\"notes_weight_follow\":3.8,\"chat_suppress_contributor_push_option_enabled\":false,\"use_og_image_asset_variant\":\"\",\"export_hooks_enabled\":false,\"audio_encoding_bitrate\":null,\"bestseller_pub_override\":false,\"extra_seats_coupon_type\":false,\"post_subdomain_universal_links\":false,\"post_import_max_file_size\":26214400,\"feed_promoted_video_publication\":false,\"livekit_reconnect_slate_url\":\"https://mux-livestream-assets.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/custom-disconnect-slate-tall.png\",\"exclude_from_pymk_suggestions\":false,\"publication_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"disable_annual_subscriptions\":false,\"hack_jane_manchun_wong\":true,\"android_enable_auto_gain_control\":true,\"enable_android_dms\":false,\"allow_coupons_on_upgrade\":false,\"test_au_age_gate_user\":false,\"pub_auto_moderation_enabled\":false,\"disable_live_stream_ai_trimming_by_default\":false,\"disable_deletion\":false,\"ios_default_coupon_enabled\":false,\"notes_weight_read_post\":5,\"notes_weight_reply\":3,\"livekit_egress_custom_base_url\":\"http://livekit-egress-custom-recorder.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\",\"clip_focused_video_upload_flow\":false,\"live_stream_max_guest_users\":2,\"android_upgrade_alert_dialog_reincarnated\":true,\"enable_video_seo_data\":false,\"can_reimport_unsubscribed_users_with_2x_optin\":false,\"feed_posts_weight_subscribed\":0,\"founding_upgrade_during_gift_disabled\":false,\"ios_feed_subscribe_upsell\":\"treatment_chill_inline\",\"review_incoming_email\":\"default\",\"media_feed_subscribed_posts_weight\":0.5,\"enable_founding_gifts\":false,\"enable_creator_agency_pages\":false,\"enable_sponsorship_campaigns\":false,\"thread_permalink_preview_min_android_version\":2037,\"enable_creator_earnings\":true,\"thefp_enable_embed_media_links\":false,\"thumbnail_selection_max_frames\":300,\"sort_modal_search_results\":false,\"default_thumbnail_time\":10,\"pub_ranking_weight_retained_engagement\":1,\"load_test_unichat\":false,\"notes_read_post_baseline\":0,\"live_stream_head_alignment_guide\":false,\"show_open_post_as_pdf_button\":false,\"free_press_combo_subscribe_flow_enabled\":false,\"android_note_auto_share_assets\":\"control\",\"pub_ranking_weight_immediate_engagement\":0.5,\"enable_portal_feed_post_comments\":false,\"gifts_from_substack_feature_available\":true,\"disable_ai_clips\":false,\"enable_elevenlabs_voiceovers\":false,\"use_web_livestream_thumbnail_editor\":true,\"show_simple_post_editor\":false,\"instacart_integration_enabled\":false,\"enable_publication_podcasts_page\":false,\"android_profile_share_assets_experiment\":\"treatment\",\"use_advanced_fonts\":false,\"growth_sources_all_time\":true,\"ios_note_composer_settings_enabled\":false,\"android_v2_post_video_player_enabled\":false,\"enable_direct_message_request_bypass\":false,\"enable_apple_news_sync\":false,\"live_stream_in_trending_topic_overrides\":\"\",\"media_feed_prepend_inbox_limit\":30,\"free_press_newsletter_promo_enabled\":false,\"enable_ios_livestream_stats\":true,\"disable_live_stream_reactions\":false,\"feed_posts_weight_negative\":2.5,\"instacart_partner_id\":\"\",\"clip_generation_3rd_party_vendor\":\"internal\",\"welcome_page_no_opt_out\":false,\"notes_weight_negative\":1,\"ios_discover_tab_min_installed_date\":\"2025-06-09T16:56:58+0000\",\"notes_weight_click_see_more\":2,\"edit_profile_theme_colors\":false,\"notes_weight_like\":2.4,\"disable_clipping_for_readers\":false,\"feed_posts_weight_share\":6,\"android_creator_earnings_enabled\":true,\"feed_posts_weight_reply\":3,\"feed_posts_weight_like\":1.5,\"ios_listen_tab_v2\":\"control\",\"feed_posts_weight_save\":3,\"enable_press_kit_preview_modal\":false,\"dpn_weight_tap_clickbait_penalty\":0.5,\"feed_posts_weight_sign_up\":4,\"ios_onboarding_collapsable_categories_with_sentiment\":\"control\",\"live_stream_video_degradation_preference\":\"maintainFramerate\",\"enable_high_follower_dm\":true,\"pause_app_badges\":false,\"android_enable_publication_activity_tab\":false,\"ios_hide_author_in_share_sheet\":\"control\",\"profile_feed_expanded_inventory\":false,\"phone_verification_fallback_to_twilio\":false,\"livekit_mux_latency_mode\":\"low\",\"feed_juiced_user\":0,\"universal_feed_translator_experiment\":\"control\",\"notes_click_see_more_baseline\":0.35,\"enable_polymarket_expandable_embeds\":true,\"publication_onboarding_weight_std_dev\":0,\"can_see_fast_subscriber_counts\":true,\"android_enable_user_status_ui\":false,\"use_advanced_commerce_api_for_iap\":false,\"skip_free_preview_language_in_podcast_notes\":false,\"larger_wordmark_on_publication_homepage\":false,\"video_editor_full_screen\":false,\"enable_mobile_stats_for_admins\":false,\"ios_profile_themes_note_composer_enabled\":false,\"enable_persona_sandbox_environment\":false,\"enable_pinned_portals\":true,\"notes_weight_click_item\":3,\"notes_weight_long_visit\":1,\"bypass_single_unlock_token_limit\":false,\"notes_watch_video_baseline\":0.08,\"enable_free_trial_subscription_ios\":true,\"polymarket_minimum_confidence_for_trending_topics\":100,\"add_section_and_tag_metadata\":false,\"daily_promoted_notes_enabled\":true,\"enable_islands_cms\":false,\"enable_livestream_combined_stats\":false,\"ios_social_subgroups_enabled\":false,\"chartbeat_video_enabled\":false,\"enable_drip_campaigns\":false,\"adhoc_email_batch_size\":5000,\"ios_offline_mode_enabled\":false,\"post_management_search_engine\":\"elasticsearch\",\"new_bestseller_leaderboard_feed_item_enabled\":false,\"feed_main_disabled\":false,\"enable_account_settings_revamp\":false,\"allowed_email_domains\":\"one\",\"thefp_enable_fp_recirc_block\":false,\"top_search_variant\":\"control\",\"enable_debug_logs_ios\":false,\"show_pub_content_on_profile_for_pub_id\":0,\"show_pub_content_on_profile\":false,\"livekit_track_egress\":true,\"video_tab_mixture_pattern\":\"npnnnn\",\"enable_theme_contexts\":false,\"onboarding_suggestions_search\":\"experiment\",\"feed_tuner_enabled\":false,\"livekit_mux_latency_mode_rtmp\":\"low\",\"draft_notes_enabled\":true,\"fcm_high_priority\":false,\"enable_drop_caps\":true,\"highlighted_code_block_enabled\":true,\"dpn_weight_tap_bonus_subscribed\":0,\"iap_announcement_blog_url\":\"\",\"android_onboarding_progress_persistence\":\"control\",\"ios_livestream_feedback\":false,\"founding_plan_upgrade_warning\":false,\"dpn_weight_like\":3,\"dpn_weight_short_session\":1,\"ios_enable_custom_thumbnail_generation\":true,\"ios_mediaplayer_reply_bar_v2\":false,\"android_view_post_share_assets_employees_only\":false,\"stripe_link_in_payment_element_v3\":\"treatment\",\"enable_notification_email_batching\":true,\"notes_weight_follow_boost\":10,\"profile_portal_theme\":false,\"live_stream_replay\":false,\"ios_hide_portal_tab_bar\":false,\"follow_upsell_rollout_percentage\":30,\"android_activity_item_sharing_experiment\":\"control\",\"live_stream_invite_ttl_seconds\":900000,\"include_founding_plans_coupon_option\":false,\"thefp_enable_cancellation_discount_offer\":false,\"dpn_weight_reply\":2,\"thefp_free_trial_experiment\":\"treatment\",\"android_enable_edit_profile_theme\":false,\"twitter_api_enabled\":true,\"dpn_weight_follow\":3,\"thumbnail_selection_engine\":\"openai\",\"enable_adhoc_email_batching\":0,\"notes_weight_author_low_impression_boost\":0.2,\"disable_audio_enhancement\":false,\"pub_search_variant\":\"control\",\"ignore_video_in_notes_length_limit\":false,\"web_show_scores_on_sports_tab\":false,\"notes_weight_click_share\":3,\"allow_long_videos\":true,\"feed_posts_weight_long_click\":15,\"dpn_score_threshold\":0,\"thefp_annual_subscription_promotion\":\"treatment\",\"dpn_weight_follow_bonus\":0.5,\"enable_fullscreen_post_live_end_screen\":false,\"use_intro_clip_and_branded_intro_by_default\":false,\"use_enhanced_video_embed_player\":true,\"community_profile_activity_feed\":false,\"android_reader_share_assets_3\":\"control\",\"email_change_minimum_bot_score\":0,\"mobile_age_verification_learn_more_link\":\"https://on.substack.com/p/our-position-on-the-online-safety\",\"enable_viewing_all_livestream_viewers\":false,\"web_suggested_search_route_recent_search\":\"control\",\"enable_clip_prompt_variant_filtering\":true,\"chartbeat_enabled\":false,\"dpn_weight_disable\":10,\"dpn_ranking_enabled\":true,\"reply_flags_enabled\":true,\"enable_custom_email_css\":false,\"dpn_model_variant\":\"experiment\",\"android_og_tag_post_sharing_experiment\":\"control\",\"platform_search_variant\":\"control\",\"enable_apple_podcast_auto_publish\":false,\"linkedin_profile_search_enabled\":false,\"ios_better_top_search_prompt_in_global_search\":\"control\",\"retire_i18n_marketing_pages\":true,\"publication_has_own_app\":false,\"suggested_minimum_ios_version\":0,\"dpn_weight_open\":2.5,\"ios_pogs_stories\":\"experiment\",\"enable_notes_admins\":false,\"trending_topics_module_long_term_experiment\":\"control\",\"enable_suggested_searches\":true,\"enable_subscription_notification_email_batching\":true,\"android_synchronous_push_notif_handling\":\"control\",\"thumbnail_selection_skip_desktop_streams\":false,\"a24_redemption_link\":\"\",\"dpn_weight_tap\":2.5,\"ios_live_stream_auto_gain_enabled\":true,\"dpn_weight_restack\":2,\"dpn_weight_negative\":40,\"enable_publication_tts_player\":false,\"session_version_invalidation_enabled\":false,\"galleried_feed_attachments\":true,\"web_post_attachment_fallback\":\"treatment\",\"search_retrieval_variant\":\"control\",\"enable_live_stream_thumbnail_treatment_validation\":true,\"forced_featured_topic_id\":\"\",\"ios_audio_captions_disabled\":false,\"reader_onboarding_modal_v2_vs_page\":\"experiment\",\"related_posts_enabled\":false,\"use_progressive_editor_rollout\":true,\"ios_live_stream_pip_dismiss_v4\":\"control\",\"reply_rate_limit_max_distinct_users_daily\":110,\"galleried_feed_attachments_in_composer\":false,\"android_rank_share_destinations_experiment\":\"control\",\"publisher_banner\":\"\",\"suggested_search_metadata_web_ui\":true,\"mobile_user_attachments_enabled\":false,\"enable_library_compaction\":true,\"ios_founding_upgrade_button_in_portals_v2\":\"control\",\"feed_weight_language_mismatch_penalty\":0.6,\"default_orange_quote_experiment\":\"control\",\"enable_high_res_recording_workflow\":false,\"community_activity_feed_author_to_community_content_ratio\":0.5,\"enable_sponsorship_profile\":false,\"ios_onboarding_multiple_notification_asks\":\"control\",\"ios_founding_upgrade_button_in_portals\":\"control\",\"ios_mid_read_post_reminder_v2\":\"treatment\",\"ios_inline_upgrade_on_feed_items\":\"control\",\"reply_rate_limit_max_distinct_users_monthly\":600,\"show_branded_intro_setting\":false,\"people_you_may_know_algorithm\":\"experiment\",\"desktop_live_stream_screen_share_audio_enabled\":false,\"search_posts_use_top_search\":false,\"ios_inbox_observe_by_key\":true,\"profile_photo_upsell_modal\":\"treatment\",\"enable_high_res_background_uploading_session_recovery\":false,\"portal_post_style\":\"control\",\"dpn_weight_long_session\":2,\"use_custom_header_by_default\":false,\"ios_listen_tab\":false,\"portal_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"android_composer_modes_vs_attachments\":\"control\",\"activity_item_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"android_polymarket_embed_search\":false,\"ios_onboarding_new_user_survey\":\"experiment\",\"android_post_like_share_nudge\":\"treatment\",\"android_post_bottom_share_experiment\":\"treatment\",\"enable_post_templates\":true,\"use_thumbnail_selection_sentiment_matching\":true,\"skip_adhoc_email_sends\":false,\"android_enable_draft_notes\":true,\"permalink_reply_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"desktop_live_stream_participant_labels\":false,\"allow_feed_category_filtering\":false,\"search_ranker_variant\":\"control\",\"enable_livestream_screenshare_detection\":true,\"private_live_streaming_enabled\":true,\"android_scheduled_notes_enabled\":true,\"private_live_streaming_banner_enabled\":false,\"desktop_live_stream_safe_framing\":0.8,\"android_onboarding_swipeable_cards\":\"control\",\"enable_note_scheduling\":true,\"ios_limit_related_notes_in_permalink\":\"control\"},\"publicationSettings\":{\"block_ai_crawlers\":false,\"credit_token_enabled\":true,\"custom_tos_and_privacy\":false,\"did_identity\":null,\"disable_optimistic_bank_payments\":true,\"display_welcome_page_details\":true,\"enable_meetings\":false,\"payment_pledges_enabled\":true,\"enable_drop_caps\":false,\"enable_post_page_conversion\":true,\"enable_prev_next_nav\":true,\"enable_restacking\":true,\"gifts_from_substack_disabled\":false,\"google_analytics_4_token\":null,\"group_sections_and_podcasts_in_menu_enabled\":false,\"live_stream_homepage_visibility\":\"contributorsAndAdmins\",\"live_stream_homepage_style\":\"autoPlay\",\"live_stream_replay_enabled\":true,\"medium_length_description\":\"Focused Chaos is a biweekly newsletter focused on startup best practices, venture studios and product management. Each post is a deep dive on a specific topic, often with resources you can use in your own business. \",\"notes_feed_enabled\":false,\"paywall_unlock_tokens\":true,\"post_preview_crop_gravity\":\"center\",\"post_preview_radius\":\"xs\",\"reader_referrals_enabled\":true,\"reader_referrals_leaderboard_enabled\":true,\"seen_coming_soon_explainer\":false,\"seen_google_analytics_migration_modal\":false,\"local_currency_modal_seen\":true,\"local_payment_methods_modal_seen\":false,\"twitter_pixel_signup_event_id\":null,\"twitter_pixel_subscribe_event_id\":null,\"use_local_currency\":true,\"welcome_page_opt_out_text\":\"No thanks\",\"cookie_settings\":\"\",\"show_restacks_below_posts\":true,\"holiday_gifting_post_header\":true,\"homepage_message_text\":\"\",\"homepage_message_link\":\"\",\"about_us_author_ids\":\"\",\"archived_section_ids\":\"\",\"column_section_ids\":\"\",\"fp_primary_column_section_ids\":\"\",\"event_section_ids\":\"\",\"podcasts_metadata\":\"\",\"video_section_ids\":\"\",\"post_metering_enabled\":false},\"publicationUserSettings\":null,\"userSettings\":{\"user_id\":null,\"activity_likes_enabled\":true,\"dashboard_nav_refresh_enabled\":false,\"hasDismissedSectionToNewsletterRename\":false,\"is_guest_post_enabled\":true,\"feed_web_nux_seen_at\":null,\"has_seen_select_to_restack_tooltip_nux\":false,\"invite_friends_nux_dismissed_at\":null,\"suggestions_feed_item_last_shown_at\":null,\"has_seen_select_to_restack_modal\":false,\"last_notification_alert_shown_at\":null,\"disable_reply_hiding\":false,\"newest_seen_chat_item_published_at\":null,\"explicitContentEnabled\":false,\"contactMatchingEnabled\":false,\"messageRequestLevel\":\"everyone\",\"liveStreamAcceptableInviteLevel\":\"everyone\",\"liveStreamAcceptableChatLevel\":\"everyone\",\"creditTokensTreatmentExposed\":false,\"appBadgeIncludesChat\":false,\"autoPlayVideo\":true,\"smart_delivery_enabled\":false,\"chatbotTermsLastAcceptedAt\":null,\"has_seen_notes_post_app_upsell\":false,\"substack_summer_nux_dismissed_at\":null,\"first_note_id\":null,\"show_concurrent_live_stream_viewers\":false,\"has_dismissed_fp_download_pdf_nux\":false,\"edit_profile_feed_item_dismissed_at\":null,\"mobile_permalink_app_upsell_seen_at\":null,\"new_user_checklist_enabled\":false,\"new_user_follow_subscribe_prompt_dismissed_at\":null,\"has_seen_youtube_shorts_auto_publish_announcement\":false,\"has_seen_publish_youtube_connect_upsell\":false,\"notificationQualityFilterEnabled\":true,\"hasSeenOnboardingNewslettersScreen\":false,\"bestsellerBadgeEnabled\":true,\"hasSelfIdentifiedAsCreator\":false,\"autoTranslateEnabled\":true,\"autoTranslateBlocklist\":[]},\"subscriberCountDetails\":\"tens of thousands of subscribers\",\"mux_env_key\":\"u42pci814i6011qg3segrcpp9\",\"persona_environment_id\":\"env_o1Lbk4JhpY4PmvNkwaBdYwe5Fzkt\",\"sentry_environment\":\"production\",\"launchWelcomePage\":false,\"pendingInviteForActiveLiveStream\":null,\"isEligibleForLiveStreamCreation\":true,\"webviewPlatform\":null,\"twitterCardUrl\":null,\"welcomePageData\":{\"blurbs\":[{\"id\":505829,\"recommended_publication_id\":1238578,\"recommending_publication_id\":941483,\"created_at\":\"2022-12-14T01:07:59.528Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2022-12-14T01:07:59.528Z\",\"blurb_active\":true,\"description\":\"Ben has written a ton about entrepreneurship and knows a lot about building and investing in startups. \",\"email_sent_at\":\"2022-12-17T08:36:54.310Z\",\"recommendingPublication\":{\"id\":941483,\"name\":\"A Leap of Faith\",\"subdomain\":\"raymondlukco\",\"custom_domain\":\"www.raymondluk.co\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"The art of founder storytelling.\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5ca42e84-bec4-40dc-949a-99c3d9937b7d_858x858.png\",\"author_id\":96792203,\"primary_user_id\":96792203,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#BAA049\",\"created_at\":\"2022-06-17T21:49:35.467Z\",\"email_from_name\":\"Raymond Luk from a Leap of Faith Newsletter\",\"copyright\":\"Raymond Luk\",\"founding_plan_name\":\"Founding Member\",\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"magaziney\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null,\"author\":{\"id\":96792203,\"name\":\"Raymond Luk\",\"handle\":\"raymondlukco\",\"previous_name\":null,\"photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2459d62d-dbdf-491c-bddb-2e63493ff665_918x918.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Author of Pitching a Leap of Faith, the pitch deck guide for entrepreneurs. Founder of Hockeystick, Flow Ventures, Year One Labs. \",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2022-06-17T21:48:18.339Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":\"2022-06-26T16:13:10.491Z\"}},\"author_name\":\"Raymond Luk\",\"author\":{\"id\":96792203,\"photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2459d62d-dbdf-491c-bddb-2e63493ff665_918x918.jpeg\"}}],\"topThreePosts\":[{\"id\":147382485,\"editor_v2\":false,\"publication_id\":1238578,\"title\":\"What Comes Before Zero to One?\",\"social_title\":null,\"search_engine_title\":\"What Comes Before Zero to One When Building Startups?\",\"search_engine_description\":\"Zero to one (0 to 1) is a well-known way of describing how a startup goes from idea to building a product / MVP and scaling. But how does it actually work?\",\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"slug\":\"before-zero-to-one-building-startups\",\"post_date\":\"2024-08-06T12:08:54.327Z\",\"audience\":\"only_paid\",\"podcast_duration\":null,\"video_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"only_paid\",\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://www.focusedchaos.co/p/before-zero-to-one-building-startups\",\"section_id\":null,\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"is_section_pinned\":false,\"section_slug\":null,\"section_name\":null,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":37},\"restacks\":9,\"restacked_post_id\":null,\"restacked_post_slug\":null,\"restacked_pub_name\":null,\"restacked_pub_logo_url\":null,\"position\":1,\"subtitle\":\"0 to 1 is a big, messy process. Breaking it up helps simplify and structure the validation work. (#79)\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GbJf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc6bca77c-34dd-4318-88e2-f234a635b19d_788x434.png\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"podcast_url\":null,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":{\"post_id\":147382485,\"podcast_episode_number\":null,\"podcast_season_number\":null,\"podcast_episode_type\":null,\"should_syndicate_to_other_feed\":null,\"syndicate_to_section_id\":null,\"hide_from_feed\":false,\"free_podcast_url\":null,\"free_podcast_duration\":null,\"preview_contains_ad\":false},\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"0 to 1 is a big, messy process. Breaking it up helps simplify and structure the validation work. (#79)\",\"body_json\":null,\"body_html\":null,\"truncated_body_text\":\"Everyone in StartupLand has heard the phrase \u201Czero to one\u201D. Most know Peter Thiel\u2019s book, Zero to One, and consider it a must-read.\",\"wordcount\":1664,\"postTags\":[{\"id\":\"ff04d52c-80f8-462d-8e3e-2a11a8f3cc9f\",\"publication_id\":1238578,\"name\":\"Building Products\",\"slug\":\"building-products\",\"hidden\":false}],\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[67,132,244],\"population\":837},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[7.329648241206014,50.64120603015073,125.27035175879399],\"population\":0},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[137,180,250],\"population\":51},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[121,142,180],\"population\":10},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[8.457286432160801,58.432160804019986,144.5427135678392],\"population\":0},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[208,215,226],\"population\":57}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":429638,\"name\":\"Ben Yoskovitz\",\"handle\":\"byosko\",\"previous_name\":null,\"photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fa4159c-fca1-4dc0-8be6-4101d8485e1d_1200x1200.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Founding Partner of Highline Beta. Entrepreneur, investor & author.\",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2022-10-27T12:55:20.496Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":\"2022-12-20T17:57:18.268Z\",\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":1195029,\"user_id\":429638,\"publication_id\":1238578,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":1238578,\"name\":\"Focused Chaos\",\"subdomain\":\"byosko\",\"custom_domain\":\"www.focusedchaos.co\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"A biweekly newsletter on navigating the chaos of building & investing in startups. Topics include venture studios, entrepreneurship, product management, analytics and more, leveraging a combination of best practices & instincts.\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3490652e-836d-4819-a74a-f688439de28c_256x256.png\",\"author_id\":429638,\"primary_user_id\":429638,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#2096FF\",\"created_at\":\"2022-12-12T13:25:38.027Z\",\"email_from_name\":\"Ben Yoskovitz from Focused Chaos\",\"copyright\":\"Ben Yoskovitz\",\"founding_plan_name\":\"Founding Member\",\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"enabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}}],\"twitter_screen_name\":\"byosko\",\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":null,\"subscriberTier\":1,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":{\"type\":\"subscriber\",\"tier\":1,\"accent_colors\":null},\"paidPublicationIds\":[311430,10845,1815472],\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":37,\"comment_count\":3,\"child_comment_count\":2,\"audio_items\":[{\"post_id\":147382485,\"voice_id\":\"en-US-OnyxTurboMultilingualNeural\",\"audio_url\":null,\"type\":\"tts\",\"status\":\"paywalled\"}],\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hidden\":true,\"hasCashtag\":false},{\"id\":150210645,\"editor_v2\":false,\"publication_id\":1238578,\"title\":\"The Importance of Business Models to Building Great Products\",\"social_title\":\"The Importance of Business Models to Building Great Products\",\"search_engine_title\":null,\"search_engine_description\":\"Product managers need to understand the business model and connect their work to it through metrics and value creation. They're not project managers.\",\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"slug\":\"product-management-and-business-models\",\"post_date\":\"2024-10-15T12:14:48.355Z\",\"audience\":\"only_paid\",\"podcast_duration\":null,\"video_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"only_paid\",\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://www.focusedchaos.co/p/product-management-and-business-models\",\"section_id\":null,\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"is_section_pinned\":false,\"section_slug\":null,\"section_name\":null,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":35},\"restacks\":5,\"restacked_post_id\":null,\"restacked_post_slug\":null,\"restacked_pub_name\":null,\"restacked_pub_logo_url\":null,\"position\":2,\"subtitle\":\"Don't turn product managers into mindless feature pushers or robotic project managers. (#83)\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F644e25d9-d9c0-4f55-9359-b95c893a467d_661x377.png\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"podcast_url\":null,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":{\"post_id\":150210645,\"podcast_episode_number\":null,\"podcast_season_number\":null,\"podcast_episode_type\":null,\"should_syndicate_to_other_feed\":null,\"syndicate_to_section_id\":null,\"hide_from_feed\":false,\"free_podcast_url\":null,\"free_podcast_duration\":null,\"preview_contains_ad\":false},\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"Don't turn product managers into mindless feature pushers or robotic project managers.\",\"body_json\":null,\"body_html\":null,\"truncated_body_text\":\"It\u2019s been 4 weeks since my last post. Ouch. Sometimes life gets in the way, which has included a lot of travel and getting sick. I tell people all the time, \u201Cyou need to ruthlessly prioritize and focus on what matters.\u201D Admittedly I have a tough time doing that myself! But in this case I had to prioritize work and getting better. Now I\u2019m back. \uD83D\uDE00\",\"wordcount\":1577,\"postTags\":[{\"id\":\"ff04d52c-80f8-462d-8e3e-2a11a8f3cc9f\",\"publication_id\":1238578,\"name\":\"Building Products\",\"slug\":\"building-products\",\"hidden\":false}],\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[225,179,94],\"population\":316},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[92,53,41],\"population\":145},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[224,250,204],\"population\":41},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[100,151,162],\"population\":13},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[58,73,86],\"population\":73},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[165,197,189],\"population\":206}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":429638,\"name\":\"Ben Yoskovitz\",\"handle\":\"byosko\",\"previous_name\":null,\"photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fa4159c-fca1-4dc0-8be6-4101d8485e1d_1200x1200.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Founding Partner of Highline Beta. Entrepreneur, investor & author.\",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2022-10-27T12:55:20.496Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":\"2022-12-20T17:57:18.268Z\",\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":1195029,\"user_id\":429638,\"publication_id\":1238578,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":1238578,\"name\":\"Focused Chaos\",\"subdomain\":\"byosko\",\"custom_domain\":\"www.focusedchaos.co\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"A biweekly newsletter on navigating the chaos of building & investing in startups. Topics include venture studios, entrepreneurship, product management, analytics and more, leveraging a combination of best practices & instincts.\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3490652e-836d-4819-a74a-f688439de28c_256x256.png\",\"author_id\":429638,\"primary_user_id\":429638,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#2096FF\",\"created_at\":\"2022-12-12T13:25:38.027Z\",\"email_from_name\":\"Ben Yoskovitz from Focused Chaos\",\"copyright\":\"Ben Yoskovitz\",\"founding_plan_name\":\"Founding Member\",\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"enabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}}],\"twitter_screen_name\":\"byosko\",\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":null,\"subscriberTier\":1,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":{\"type\":\"subscriber\",\"tier\":1,\"accent_colors\":null},\"paidPublicationIds\":[311430,10845,1815472],\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":35,\"comment_count\":3,\"child_comment_count\":2,\"audio_items\":[{\"post_id\":150210645,\"voice_id\":\"en-US-OnyxTurboMultilingualNeural\",\"audio_url\":null,\"type\":\"tts\",\"status\":\"paywalled\"}],\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hidden\":true,\"hasCashtag\":false},{\"id\":183448457,\"editor_v2\":false,\"publication_id\":1238578,\"title\":\"Vibe Coding Without System Design is a Trap\",\"social_title\":\"Vibe Coding Without System Design is a Trap\",\"search_engine_title\":null,\"search_engine_description\":\"Vibe coding is incredibly powerful, but you still need system design to properly architecture software, otherwise AI will take over, make decisions and limit your ability to build successfully.\",\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"slug\":\"vibe-coding-without-system-design-is-a-trap\",\"post_date\":\"2026-01-06T13:14:28.313Z\",\"audience\":\"everyone\",\"podcast_duration\":null,\"video_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"everyone\",\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://www.focusedchaos.co/p/vibe-coding-without-system-design-is-a-trap\",\"section_id\":null,\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"is_section_pinned\":false,\"section_slug\":null,\"section_name\":null,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":33},\"restacks\":5,\"restacked_post_id\":null,\"restacked_post_slug\":null,\"restacked_pub_name\":null,\"restacked_pub_logo_url\":null,\"position\":3,\"subtitle\":\"\\\"Measure twice, cut once\\\" is still good advice, but AI tools make it so easy to break that rule.\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1uJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd21f89c6-cf65-4250-980e-ee3b5c4d64be_616x332.png\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"podcast_url\":null,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":{\"post_id\":183448457,\"podcast_episode_number\":null,\"podcast_season_number\":null,\"podcast_episode_type\":null,\"should_syndicate_to_other_feed\":null,\"syndicate_to_section_id\":null,\"hide_from_feed\":false,\"free_podcast_url\":null,\"free_podcast_duration\":null,\"preview_contains_ad\":false},\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"\\\"Measure twice, cut once\\\" is still good advice, but AI tools make it so easy to break that rule.\",\"body_json\":null,\"body_html\":null,\"truncated_body_text\":\"Lowering the barrier to creation has always been a net positive. WordPress turned anyone into a publisher. YouTube turned anyone into a broadcaster. Shopify turned anyone into an e-commerce operator. AI-assisted coding is doing the same for product building.\",\"wordcount\":3015,\"postTags\":[{\"id\":\"ff04d52c-80f8-462d-8e3e-2a11a8f3cc9f\",\"publication_id\":1238578,\"name\":\"Building Products\",\"slug\":\"building-products\",\"hidden\":false}],\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[229.5,127.5,25.499999999999993],\"population\":0},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[36,20,4],\"population\":1},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[241.74,188.7,135.65999999999997],\"population\":0},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[137,98,71],\"population\":21},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[68,68,68],\"population\":9},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[180,193,172],\"population\":3}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":429638,\"name\":\"Ben Yoskovitz\",\"handle\":\"byosko\",\"previous_name\":null,\"photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fa4159c-fca1-4dc0-8be6-4101d8485e1d_1200x1200.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Founding Partner of Highline Beta. Entrepreneur, investor & author.\",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2022-10-27T12:55:20.496Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":\"2022-12-20T17:57:18.268Z\",\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":1195029,\"user_id\":429638,\"publication_id\":1238578,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":1238578,\"name\":\"Focused Chaos\",\"subdomain\":\"byosko\",\"custom_domain\":\"www.focusedchaos.co\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"A biweekly newsletter on navigating the chaos of building & investing in startups. Topics include venture studios, entrepreneurship, product management, analytics and more, leveraging a combination of best practices & instincts.\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3490652e-836d-4819-a74a-f688439de28c_256x256.png\",\"author_id\":429638,\"primary_user_id\":429638,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#2096FF\",\"created_at\":\"2022-12-12T13:25:38.027Z\",\"email_from_name\":\"Ben Yoskovitz from Focused Chaos\",\"copyright\":\"Ben Yoskovitz\",\"founding_plan_name\":\"Founding Member\",\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"enabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}}],\"twitter_screen_name\":\"byosko\",\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":null,\"subscriberTier\":1,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":{\"type\":\"subscriber\",\"tier\":1,\"accent_colors\":null},\"paidPublicationIds\":[311430,10845,1815472],\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":33,\"comment_count\":3,\"child_comment_count\":3,\"audio_items\":[{\"post_id\":183448457,\"voice_id\":\"en-US-OnyxTurboMultilingualNeural\",\"audio_url\":\"https://substack-video.s3.amazonaws.com/video_upload/post/183448457/tts/51510bde-7532-49a6-b710-113952e05a80/en-US-OnyxTurboMultilingualNeural.mp3\",\"type\":\"tts\",\"status\":\"completed\"}],\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hasCashtag\":false}],\"topThreeSubscribers\":[{\"id\":556728,\"name\":\"KimSia Sim\",\"photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5715eeb6-f65f-420a-bd98-657f6ff19814_591x751.jpeg\",\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"primary_publication\":{\"id\":269230,\"subdomain\":\"simkimsia\",\"custom_domain\":\"www.entrepreneurial.engineer\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"name\":\"Entrepreneurial Engineer\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1483bfb1-c253-4922-9923-c91fe7ebf4e2_591x591.png\",\"author_id\":556728,\"user_id\":556728,\"handles_enabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"pledges_enabled\":false,\"ios_app_payments_enabled\":false},\"is_subscribed\":false},{\"id\":867455,\"name\":\"Laurent Hausermann\",\"photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4587ea27-fd36-4483-ac8a-ab976f975b7f_1166x1168.jpeg\",\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"primary_publication\":{\"id\":1530877,\"subdomain\":\"cyberbuilders\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"name\":\"Cyber Builders\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4587ea27-fd36-4483-ac8a-ab976f975b7f_1166x1168.jpeg\",\"author_id\":867455,\"user_id\":867455,\"handles_enabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"pledges_enabled\":true,\"ios_app_payments_enabled\":false},\"is_subscribed\":false},{\"id\":1245340,\"name\":\"Growth Scientist\",\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a1175c4b-7aa5-445e-9a4c-c767d2865585_3664x2062.jpeg\",\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"primary_publication\":{\"id\":1277277,\"subdomain\":\"munmunnath\",\"custom_domain\":\"www.munmunnath.com\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"name\":\"Growth Scientist\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dc3970b8-b538-4f37-98fb-dca61a4f8111_1280x1280.png\",\"author_id\":1245340,\"user_id\":1245340,\"handles_enabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"pledges_enabled\":false,\"ios_app_payments_enabled\":false},\"is_subscribed\":false}]},\"activeLiveStream\":null,\"freeTrialCoupon\":{\"id\":\"b2724058\",\"trial_period_days\":7},\"isChatActive\":false,\"isMeetingsActive\":false,\"features\":{},\"browser\":{\"name\":\"Chrome\",\"version\":\"142.0.0.0\",\"major\":\"142\"},\"showCookieBanner\":false,\"disabledCookies\":[],\"dd_env\":\"prod\",\"dd_ti\":true,\"mainBundleCSS\":[\"https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/main.0483db8ab4a8b4986a51.css\"]}")</script>
        <script>window._analyticsConfig = JSON.parse("{\"properties\":{\"subdomain\":\"byosko\",\"publication_id\":1238578,\"has_plans\":true,\"pub_community_enabled\":true,\"is_personal_publication\":false,\"is_subscribed\":false,\"is_free_subscribed\":false,\"is_author\":false,\"is_contributor\":false,\"is_admin\":false,\"is_founding\":false},\"adwordsAccountId\":\"AW-316245675\",\"adwordsEventSendTo\":\"Tf76CKqcyL4DEKuN5pYB\"}")</script>
        

        
        
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/92520.e95795dc.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43876.ea26790f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75058.4daf13c8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/61861.5aa67582.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/23553.a88a5f75.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97957.406fc3c9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/91906.dabd1cb6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/27994.f7330a5f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/67562.ecd2a56a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/16932.5b2b7cf4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/99795.7b79784f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97610.1cad1581.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/82241.952d1cd3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/39667.7e78014f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/382.a1510b77.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/56938.fed072a2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/65343.b8f7a1b1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/88491.d522b2eb.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4993.a58b47f3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/40893.0497294f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/76718.12134d5e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/37456.4e3214f3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/84492.9ea4cfc6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/15535.654a4885.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96109.d0f1b87f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/16656.f4e09540.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/77733.dda698a4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/25474.80a51907.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96678.42f8e121.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/41324.1ee6406e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/58416.c918fd85.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/69487.30439dbb.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/16958.c65d9dc4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/welcome.f3fe2689.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/41129.33705c7e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/72676.a5939529.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/17391.26bf3a20.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/68189.b0520b7e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8953.9da04c6a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/81669.33817047.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/74785.2e1854fc.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/27650.bf049ca8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9933.84f9479e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/40106.47c79888.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/36725.0c8b3aa6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/36667.29b8ca44.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/62799.e21391a8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/55674.819c9963.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/90883.2de51ebf.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/58471.a44e5257.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/17507.83e90d90.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/77999.6e4a220d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/30440.f0c13072.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/55971.ee81c848.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/20711.6a6a9c0d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/35824.81f5c1f2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8006.79d53840.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/69531.036ae5fd.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/46264.7831b8a2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/21320.8468f030.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/53928.a3f66cb2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/44176.2b498a7d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/51111.51ae9dd1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/32500.0abc4038.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96924.2ba5b26d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/34977.43ff3ad6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/39966.4b48c3e6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/71898.7f6e64e6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/44665.b4140ba5.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/64196.0c02f40d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/32307.352223c6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96109.d0f1b87f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/93975.a196b399.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/91525.12830321.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97993.e71fefd8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/28407.8b6fac68.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/95468.c08e8cbe.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/21255.27bbc299.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75353.86101e04.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/90643.61237936.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/41091.751d4fb8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75529.c0a96e0f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/79529.e30675e7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/90358.efb8540f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/61325.74a6cfa8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/54770.f8ff5a86.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/480.32c4210e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8222.320f8b6e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/29177.2182ffab.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/52144.75220306.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/77496.51f6e408.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/65343.b8f7a1b1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43327.9e03f81d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/51677.0c4464d4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/42985.7f874838.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/86379.203fc4b7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/94551.d589ed8a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/19249.12878ed0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/57807.86d891fc.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/54900.688063bd.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96869.f0d75a8e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7429.7f35f7b0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/74390.7752dfba.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7041.d544ffd5.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/99795.7b79784f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/80317.efb9263f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/33063.b19195c6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/49271.978f134a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/92536.ae866fb7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/19971.9d85f975.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97957.406fc3c9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/51606.8c5ff3ce.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/23553.a88a5f75.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/36181.d89017ac.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/70780.a7b08126.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/85929.59b87a94.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/61861.5aa67582.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75058.4daf13c8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43876.ea26790f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/lib-router.c55f1e1a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
        
        <script nomodule>
            (function() {
                var message = 'Your browser does not support modern JavaScript modules. Please upgrade your browser for the best experience.';
                var warningDiv = document.createElement('div');
                warningDiv.style.color = 'red';
                warningDiv.style.padding = '10px';
                warningDiv.style.margin = '10px 0';
                warningDiv.style.border = '1px solid red';
                warningDiv.style.backgroundColor = 'lightyellow';
                warningDiv.innerText = message;
                document.body.prepend(warningDiv);
            })();
        </script>

        
            <!-- Datadog Analytics -->
            <script>
              (function(h,o,u,n,d) {
                h=h[d]=h[d]||{q:[],onReady:function(c){h.q.push(c)}}
                d=o.createElement(u);d.async=1;d.src=n
                n=o.getElementsByTagName(u)[0];n.parentNode.insertBefore(d,n)
              })(window,document,'script','https://www.datadoghq-browser-agent.com/us1/v5/datadog-rum.js','DD_RUM')
              window.DD_RUM.onReady(function() {
                window.DD_RUM.init({
                  clientToken: 'puba71073f072643721169b68f352438710',
                  applicationId: '2e321b35-c76b-4073-8d04-cc9a10461793',
                  site: 'datadoghq.com',
                  service: 'web',
                  env: window._preloads.dd_env,
                  version: 'c19bdaa12d3de8e585e1f09b2a6bbc2a3b53553c',
                  sessionSampleRate: 1,
                  sessionReplaySampleRate: 100,
                  trackUserInteractions: window._preloads.dd_ti,
                  trackResources: true,
                  trackLongTasks: true,
                  defaultPrivacyLevel: 'mask-user-input',
                  allowedTracingUrls: [/https?:\/\/(.+\/.)?substack(cdn)?\.com/]
                });
              })
            </script>
            <!-- End Datadog Analytics -->

            <!-- Cloudflare Web Analytics -->
            <script defer src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js" data-cf-beacon='{"token": "216309cffb464db4b0e02daf0b8e8060"}'></script>
            <!-- End Cloudflare Web Analytics -->
        

        <!-- Fallback tracking pixels -->
        

        

        <noscript>
    <style>
        #nojs-banner {
            position: fixed;
            bottom: 0;
            left: 0;
            padding: 16px 16px 16px 32px;
            width: 100%;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            background: red;
            color: white;
            font-family: -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";
            font-size: 13px;
            line-height: 13px;
        }
        #nojs-banner a {
            color: inherit;
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
    </style>

    <div id="nojs-banner">
        This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. Please <a href="https://enable-javascript.com/" target="_blank">turn on JavaScript</a> or unblock scripts
    </div>
</noscript>


        

        

        
        
    </body>
</html>
