INTE-NATIONAL

ESSAY: Make in India

2020-07-08T11:52:00.000+05:30

Make in India is a type of Swadeshi Movement, which was launched on 25 September 2014 by Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi. The main objectives of Make in India program are, to increase the manufacturing sector growth rate to 12-14% for increasing it's share in the economy, to create 100 million jobs by 2022, to increase manufacturing sector contribution to GDP to 25% by 2025. The program aims to develop environment for investments, develop modern and efficient infrastructure and to liberalize market for foreign investment.

Indian government gave commitment to invest 16.40 lakh crore INR (230 billion USD), as a result of which India emerged as top destination for foreign direct investment in 2015, surpassing USA and China. There are norms for 100% foreign investment in 100 sectors except space Industry(74%), defense industry(49%) and media of India(26%). India and Japan also constituted "Japan-India Make in India Special Finance Facility" of worth 12 Billion USD. Individual states are also running their own program under Make in India to attract investors and manufacturers, which increases competition between states.

Some programs run by states are, Vibrant Gujarat, "Make in Odisha", "Tamil Nadu Global Investors Meet", "Happening Haryana", "Magnetic Maharashtra". In FY 2016-17, India received investment of worth 60 Billion USD.
"Make in India Week" multi sectoral industrial event was attended by 2500+ international, 8000+ domestic industries, delegations from 68 countries and business teams from 72 countries. 17 Indian states also organizes expos. Event received 15.2 lakh crore INR investment in Make in India program.

Make in India program covers almost 25 sectors of economy. These sectors include Automobile industry, Aviation industry, Biotechnology, chemical industry, construction industry, defense industry, electronic industry, electrical machinery, Food processing, media and entertainment, oil and gas, mining, pharmaceuticals, port & shipping, railways, renewable energy, roads and highways, space and astronomy, thermal power, textile industry, tourism, healthcare industry.

In the world bank's 2019 'doing business report' India jumped by 23 positions against its rank of 100 in 2017. India is now placed at 63rd rank out of 190 countries. By the end of 2017, India has risen by 42 places in ease of doing business Index, 32 places in World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index, and by 19 ranks in Logistics Performance Index.
Narendra Modi had also given slogan of "zero defect, zero effect", which means using such techniques and materials to produce defect free products simultaneously causing zero environmental hazards.

Make in India program not only increases India's capability to attract global investors but also increases number of employments in country. After trade war and raising tensions between USA and China are day by day over COVID-19, many companies have decided to leave China. It is now opportunity for India to attract these companies in India. Indian government should focus on developing norms in favor of foreign investment, develop efficient infrastructure, developing efficient and faster logistics and availability of raw material and labor at cheaper rates.

Curriculum at institutions must be changed as per requirement of today's industry. Vocational trainings must be provided to youth. Awareness about Make in India must be spread at International level as well as village level.

NEWS: China aims to become world's 'only superpower', says FBI director.

2020-07-08T10:24:00.000+05:30

During the remarks of the director of Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) Christopher Wray at Hudson Institute on Tuesday stated that China is taking an advantage of open system of America while preserving it's own closed system.
Chris Wray said, Chinese leaders think that they are in 'generational fight' to make China world's only superpower by any means necessary. He also said counter intelligence and economic espionage threat from China are greatest for their nations' information and intellectual property. These are threat to USA's economic security and national security. He also added that Beijing uses many methods to achieve their goals which include information gathering, economic espionage, censorship at universities and "malign foreign influence", referring to big spokesperson of China in USA.

Talking about economic espionage, he stated people of United States are the one who are victims of Chinese thefts, represented by largest wealth transfer in human history. Personal data being stolen by China is common in United States for every adult.

NEWS: World Bank to boost Namami Gange Program!

2020-07-08T09:29:00.002+05:30

World Bank and India signed an agreement on Tuesday, in which World Bank will provide loan of worth 400 million USD to support Namami Gange Program. This support seeks to rejuvenate the Ganga. Namami Gange Program aims to reduce pollution in river Ganga and manage the river basin efficiently, that is home to around 50 crore people.
As told by Finance Ministry on Tuesday, World Bank will be providing 381 million USD and proposed a guarantee up to 19 million USD. The loan has maturity period of 18.5 years including five year of grace period.

Junaid Ahmad, World Bank country director in India stated that The first project of Ganga included building of critical sewage facilities at 20 polluted hotspots along the river. Now, this project will focus on tributaries of Ganga. It will help Government to create institutions to manage big and complex Ganga Basin.

ESSAY: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

2020-07-07T16:46:00.000+05:30

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was a country wide campaign in India from 2014 to 2019. The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The aim of the mission was to eliminate open defecation, improve Solid Waste Management and make people aware about the importance of sanitation. The scheme had an aim to achieve "Open Defecation Free"(ODF) India by 2 October 2019 at the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.

The mission was divided into two categories: Rural and Urban. It is India's largest campaign for cleanliness involving 3 millions government employees and students from all over India, participating in 4,043 cities, towns and rural communities.

In India, problem of Open Defecation and contamination of drinking and bathing water was very big. In 2014, India was having largest number of people participating in Open Defecation, around 530 million peoples.
90 million toilets in rural area were planned at projected cost of 1.96 lakh crore INR. It spanned in almost 4041 statutory cities and towns. For improving solid waste management, cities were asked about detailed project report that have financial model and are bankable. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was expected to cost at 620 billion INR. World bank provided loan of 1.5 billion USD for Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and 25 million USD for technical assistance.

Government appointed CPWD for proper disposal of waste from government offices. Ministry of railways planned to have facility of clean on demand, clean bed rolls from automatic laundries, bio-toilets and dustbins in all non-AC coaches. Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya Campaign was launched by Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India to encourage school teachers and students to participate in cleanliness drives. Swachh Bharat Mobile App was launched to make more and more people aware about Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
In 2017, the sanitation level in India rose to 65% from 38.7% on Oct 2, 2014 and it was 90% in August.

The number of volunteers participating were 20000 in urban local bodies and those working in rural areas rose to more than 1 lakh. Number of schools with separate toilets for girls increase from 0.4 million to almost 1 million. Nearly 100 million personal individual toilets were build in rural areas and 6 million toilets in urban areas. 6 million public toilets have been constructed in urban areas.

Consequently, 4234 cities and 6,00,000 villages across countries declared themselves Open Defecation Free(ODF). Around 81.5 thousand wards now uses door to door waste collection procedure and around 65 thousand wards follow waste segregation before disposal of waste.
Our government has provided us with a platform to do something for our family and country. Sanitation is the basic need for each and everybody.

Improper waste management will not only degrade environment will also degrade beauty of landscape. It will be harmful for stray animals. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was not a time based campaign but should be continued in future and We, the citizens of India have the sole responsibility and duty to maintain cleanliness around us.

NEWS: USA may also ban Chinese apps including tiktok.

2020-07-07T15:08:00.000+05:30

US Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, while interacting with Fox news said that USA is certainly looking for banning Chinese apps including TikTok. US lawmakers have raised concerns over USA national security because of Chinese law, which says that all companies should cooperate with intelligence work under Chinese Communist Party.

He has also said that if Chinese apps want to attract global audience then they need to distance themselves from China and has emphasized for their independence from China.
TikTok and other 58 Chinese apps have been banned in India during tension between India and China over border dispute. US is also having disturbance in relationship with China after Coronavirus, China's action in Hong Kong and nearly two-year trade war.

TikTok decided to leave Hong Kong after China passed Hong Kong's National Security Law to establish semi-autonomous city.

Everything about UNITED NATIONS: Definition, History, members, works, funding.

2020-07-07T13:06:00.000+05:30

United Nations is the largest intergovernmental organization that works for international peace and security. United Nations looks for friendly relations between nations to achieve international cooperation. It is the most recognized and powerful international organization.
United Nations has six principal organs, namely United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Security Council, United Nations Secretariat, International Court of Justice, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council. United Nations' chief administrator officer is Secretary-General. United Nations and it's agencies have won Nobel Peace Prizes.
HISTORY:

In summer 1919, President Woodrow Wilson presented the Treaty of Versailles and the covenant of league of nations to the US Senate for ratification. On 10 January 1920, after covenant of League of nations was ratified by 42 nations League of Nations was formally created. However, League of Nations was found ineffective in some cases like invasion of Manchuria by Japan and second Italo-Ethiopian war. During 1938, Britain and France tried to negotiate with Hitler but at last Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia. When war broke out League of nations was closed down.

In 1939, United States State Department thought for concrete plan of new world organization. On 29 December 1941, text "declaration by United Nations" was drafted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Roosevelt aide Harry Hopkins. It included four major Allied powers United States, United Kingdom, USSR, China. The documents signed by these countries came to be known as United Nations declaration. On next day 22 more countries signed the agreement and for the first time the term 'United Nations' was officially coined for all 26 nations.

The delegations from allied major powers USA, UK, USSR, China met at Dumbarton Oaks Conference from 21 September 1944 to 7 October 1944. They agreed for the aim, structure and functioning of UN. On 25 April 1945, 50 countries and number of non governmental organization attended UN conference on International Organization, San Francisco and drafted UN charter.

UN came to exist officially on 24 October 1945, with five permanent members of security council including France. 51 nations attended first meeting of General Assembly at Methodist Central Hall, Westminster, London.
WORK DONE:

During Cold War:
UN's main aim is to maintain peace in the world but cold war between USA and USSR made UN to look into issues distant from cold war. Security Council Resolution on 7 July 1950 which was authorized by US led coalition to repel North Korean invasion of South Korea was approved in absence of USSR with signing of Korean Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953. On 29 November 1947, resolution in general assembly was passed regarding formation of state of Israel with partition of Palestine.
On 7 November 1956, the first UN peacekeeping force was established to end Suez Crises. On 14 July 1960, UN established United Nation Operation in the Congo (UNOC). With opposition of USA but with support of third world countries, People Republic of China occupying Taiwan was included in UN.
Post Cold War:
The UN successfully negotiated for Salvadoran Civil War, launched successful peace keeping mission in Namibia, also conducted election in post-apartheid South Africa and post Khmer Rouge Cambodia peacefully. The UN mission in Somalia is considered as failure because of US withdrawal following with many casualties in Battle of Mogadishu. Many USA and European critics also criticized UN for mismanagement and corruption. Under Secretary General Ban ki-Moon, UN intervened in crises such as War in Darfur in Sudan and the Kivu Conflict in Democratic Republic of Congo, sent observer in chemical weapon involved in Syrian Civil War.
The Millennium Summit held in 2000 was a three day largest meeting of world heads to discuss poverty reduction, gender equality and public health. The sustainable development goals were launched in 2015 to succeed in Millennium development goals.

MEMBERS:

There are total 193 nations joined United Nations. South Sudan joined UN on 14 July 2011. There are two non member observer states, the Holy See and the State of Palestine.

Group of 77: Group of 77 is a group of 77 developing nations. It is formed to promote economic interest and joint negotiating capacity in the UN. It was founded on 15 June 1964. The first meeting held in Algiers in 1967.

OBJECTIVES:

Peacekeeping and Security:
UN send peacekeeping missions to the regions where conflicts have seized or paused to enforce terms of peace agreement. Forces are provided by UN's member states also known as 'Blue Helmets'. The peacekeeping force has received Nobel Peace prize in 1988. The largest peacekeeping deployment was in United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo(MONUSCO), which included 20,688 uniformed personnel and the smallest deployment for United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan(UNMOGIP), which included 42 uniformed personnel. United Nations peacekeepers with the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization(UNTSO) have been stationed in middle east since 1948.
Human Rights Protection:
UN's primary purpose is to promote and encourage human rights and for fundamental freedom for all without distinction as to sex, race. language and religion. In 1948, UN General Assembly adopted a Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1979, UN General Assembly adopted Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, followed by Convention on Rights of child in 1989. In 2006, UN passed a declaration on the rights of indigenous people and in 2011, it passed a final resolution on identifying rights of LGBT community. UN bodies responsible for women rights are United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, United Nations Development fund for women, United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women.
Economic Development:
Another primary purpose of UN is to achieve international cooperation on economic, social, cultural and humanitarian character. In 2000, 192 states agreed to achieve Millennium development goals by 2015. The sustainable development goals were issued in 2015 to achieve millennium development goals. Associating financing network to achieve SDG's is called as Addis Ababa Action Agenda. UN development program was founded in 1945. The Food and Agriculture Organization was founded in 1945. UNICEF was created in 1946. The World Bank and IMF are international, specialized agencies and observer within the UN framework. World Health Organization was established to combat diseases and work for public health. The World Food Program was created in 1961.
Others:
UN works for decolonization through groups including UN Committee on Decolonization. In 1972, UN Environmental Program(UNEP) was initiated. The UN sponsored Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997. Earth Day, World Tuberculosis Day and International Year of Desert and Desertification are some events and days initiated by UN.

STRUCTURE: UN has six official languages Chinese, English, Russian, Spanish, Arabic and French.

GENERAL ASSEMBLY:
General Assembly is the main assembly of UN, consisting of all the members meeting regularly at yearly sessions. Emergency sessions can also be called. The assembly led by President and 21 Vice President. General Assembly decides on all major issues related to peace and security, admission of new member and budgetary matters.
SECURITY COUNCIL:
United Nations Security Council works for peace keeping and security. While other organs can only recommend what member states may do but Security Council has the ability to make country follow the decision under Charter Article 25. The decision taken by this organ are known as United Nations Security Council resolutions. The security council is made up of 15 states including 5 permanent members, USA, UK, Russia, France, China, and 10 temporary members who are selected for 2 years term. The presidency of UN security council rotates alphabetically every month.
UN SECRETARIAT:
It is headed by Secretary General and assisted by deputy Secretary General. It provides studies, information and facilities for UN working. The secretary General is appointed by General Assembly after recommendation from UNSC, where permanent members have veto power. The term is for 5 years. The present Secretary General is Antonio Guterres, who replaced Ban Ki-moon in 2017.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE:
It is located in the Hague, the Netherlands. This organ works as judiciary for UN. ICJ consist of 15 judges who have to serve for 9 years. All the judges are appointed by the General Assembly. All the judges must be from different nations.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL:
This organ assist the general assembly to promote international economic and social cooperation and development. ECOSOC has 54 members with three year terms who are elected by general assembly. The president is elected for one year term. ECOSOC has annual meeting in July at Geneva or New York. There are various subsidiary bodies in ECOSOC which work toward gathering information, sustainable development, work for indigenous people, forest management.
SPECIALIZED AGENCIES:
UN charter allows every major organ to establish various established agencies to fulfill it's duties. Like International Atomic Energy Agency, the Food and Agriculture Organization, UNESCO, the World Bank and World Health Organization(WHO).

FUNDING:

UN is funded from voluntary contribution from it's member states. The General Assembly approves an annual budget and asses the capability of each member. The term 'Ceiling' is referred to as maximum contribution any member can make. The largest UN peacekeeping financial operation for the period 2019-2021 are: the United States 27.89%, China 15.21%, Japan 8.56%, Germany 6.09%, the United Kingdom 5.78%, France 5.61%, Italy 3.30%, and the Russian Federation 3.04%. Special UN programs are not involved in the regular budget, but are financed by voluntary contribution from member states.

NEWS: NSA Doval with chinese foreign minister on de-escaltion process!

2020-07-06T17:20:00.000+05:30

Before pulling back of Public Liberation Army of China, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval held video call with Chinese foreign minister and state councilor, Wang Yi on Sunday. The call continued for 2 hours. This interaction took place just a day before PLA reported to move back from the point of clash between Indian and Chinese soldiers.

During interaction, talks held for full and enduring restoration of peace and tranquility along LAC. To prevent such incidents in future, two sides spoke to work together. As reported officially both of them had frank and in depth exchange of views on western sector of India China border. They both agreed for dis engagement of troops to revive peace at earliest in the region.

Effects of meeting showed today, when it was reported that PLA has moved 1.5km back of region of clash. Both sides also agreed that such disputes may degrade bilateral relations of both countries and in future prevention must be taken for differences to not become disputes. Step wise de escalation process at border must be done at the earliest.
Both sides also agreed that both of them should respect and no side should attempt to initiate any unilateral action to change status of Line of Actual Control in future.

NEWS: 100 CHINESE SOLDIERS SLAINED, FACT CHECK!!

2020-07-06T16:38:00.000+05:30

Indian military and Public Liberation Army of China had faced clash, in which it was officially reported by India, that their 20 soldiers have been killed. After the clash tension between both nations escalated. Many publications and media houses have claimed that Chinese side also have causalities. There is no confirmation regarding causalities and number of Chinese soldiers died during clash from Chinese foreign Ministry.

Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson even denied to have any causality on their side.
There is a claim over not too popular publication that Jianli Yang, a Chinese dissident and son of former Communist Party leader has stated that India had killed around 100 Chinese soldiers during clash but Chinese government is not deliberately releasing the figures, as it would take people of china against communist party and can result into domestic disturbance. This claim is trending on Twitter too.
FACT CHECK:

There are no official figures regarding number of causalities on Chinese side released from either of the countries. Publication houses and media houses are releasing the numbers based on the sources. The news of killing of 100 Chinese soldiers has not been reported by any credible website.
CONCLUSION

It may be true to say that Chinese army has also lost number of soldiers including officer rank army official during clash and there would be number of injuries on their side also but real figures cannot be estimated till Chinese government officially release the figures.
LINK FOR THE WEBSITE SHOWING THIS NEWS IS GIVEN BELOW:
https://www.newscast-pratyaksha.com/english/india-killed-more-than-100-chinese-soldiers-in-galwan/

Vladimir Putin biography: age, wife, KGB, wealth, politics, family

2020-07-06T11:29:00.001+05:30

Vladimir Putin is serving as president of Russia since 2012. He also served as an intelligence officer in KGB. During his office as president, Russia had ups and low in different sectors because of his policies. When countries and international organizations were imposing sanctions on Russia for Ukraine revolution and annexation of Crimea, Putin's approval rating was 85.9% which was six year high. Let us get into whole story to understand Putin's personality and his policies.
EARLY LIFE:

Vladimir Putin's full name is Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. He was born on 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR (now known as Saint Petersburg). His father's name was Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin Putin. His mother's name was Ivanovna Putina. He was youngest of three children. His elder brothers, Albert and Viktor, died in infancy.
Putin's mother was factory worker. His father was conscript in Soviet Navy, serving in submarine fleet in early 1930s. He also served in destruction battalion of the NKVD.
EDUCATION:

On 1 September 1960, Putin started attending School No. 193 in Baskov Lane, near to his house. At age of 12, he started learning Sambo and Judo. He is black belt in Judo and national master of sports in Sambo. Putin studied German at Saint Petersburg High School 281 and speaks German fluently. Putin started learning Law at Leningrad State University (now known as Saint Petersburg University) in 1970. He graduated in the year 1975.
Putin met Antoly Sobchak, an co-professor of business law and co-author of Russian constitution. He was very influential in Putin's career.
KOMITET GOSUDARSTVENNOY BEZOPASNOSTI (KGB)

In 1975, Vladimir Putin joined KGB. He was trained at 401st School in Okhta, Leningrad. After training Putin worked in Second Chief Directorate. Later he was transferred to First Chief Directorate, where he monitored foreigners and consular in Leningrad. In Sept 1984, Vladimir Putin was sent for training at Yuri Andropov Red Banner Institute in Moscow. He then served in Dresden, East Germany. In early 1990, Putin returned to Leningrad and worked at International affairs section of Leningrad State University. On 20 August 1991, he resigned from KGB as Lieutenant Colonel.
START OF POLITICAL CAREER:

In May 1990, Putin was appointed as advisor on international affairs to Mayor of Leningrad, Antoly Sobchak. On 28 June 1991, Vladimir Putin became head of committee for external relations of the Mayor's Office. In March 1994, Putin became first deputy chairman of Government of Saint Petersburg. In June 1996, Sobchak lost election due to which Putin moved to Moscow, where he was appointed as Deputy Chief of Presidential Property Management Department.

On 26 March 1997, President Boris Yeltsin appointed as deputy Chief of Presidential Staff. On 25 May 1998, Putin was appointed as First Deputy Chief of Presidential Staff. On 25 July 1998, Boris Yeltsin appointed Vladimir Putin as director of the Federal Security Service(FSB).
On 9th August 1999, Putin was selected among one of the three First deputy prime ministers. Later on that day Putin was appointed as acting Prime Minister of Government of the Russian Federation. On 16 August he got 233 votes in State Duma, after which his appointment as prime minister was approved. He is not associated with any party but pledged his support for Unity Party.
On 31 December 1999, President Boris Yeltsin resigned unexpectedly. According to Russian constitution, Vladimir Putin became acting President of Russia. After Yeltsin's resignation, Presidential elections held on 26 March 2000. Putin won election with 53% votes in his favor. Putin appointed Minister of Finance, Mikhail Kasyanov, as the Prime Minister. In August 2000, Putin was alleged for mishandling of Kursk submarine disaster.

On 14 March 2004, Putin was reelected as President of Russia with 71% votes in favor. On 12 September 2007, Vladimir Putin dissolved the government upon the request of Prime Minster Mikhail Fradkov. Viktor Zubkov was appointed as new Prime Minister.
According to Russian constitution, Vladimir Putin cannot continue as President of Russia for Third consecutive time. First Deputy Prime Minister Dmitri Mendvedev was elected as his successor. A day after, Putin became Prime Minister of Russia to maintain his political dominance. Taking out Russia from World Economic Crises and stabilizing Russia's population were two achievements of Putin.

On 24 September 2011, Dmitry Mendvedev proposed that Putin stand for Presidency in 2012. This switch was termed as 'Rokirovka' or 'Castling' in media.
On 4 March 2012, Putin won Presidential elections 2012 with 63.6% votes. Russian opposition accused Putin and United Russia Party for fraud in election although measures were taken in order to make elections transparent like webcams at polling stations etc. International observers from Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also criticized voting. Anti-Putin protest raised in Russia. On his first day as president, Putin issued 14 presidential decrees also known as 'May Decrees' by the media.

These decrees were about Russian economy, housing, skilled labor training, education, relation with European Union and defense industry.
Putin won 2018 presidential elections with 76% of votes. His fourth term began on 7 May 2018, which will last till 2024.
VLADIMIR PUTIN AS PRESIDENT:

In October 2002, Moscow theater hostage Crises took place. In 2003, referendum held in Chechnya for making new constitution that declares Republic of Chechnya as part of Russia. On 7 October 2006, Anna Politkovskaya, a journalist who exposed corruption in Russian army and its conduct in Chechnya was shot in lobby of her apartment. In 2012 and 2013, Putin backed strict legislation against LGBT community. Russian Gay Propaganda Law was passed against 'homosexual propaganda'. On 14 June 2018, Putin opened the 21st FIFA world cup, which took place in Russia for first time.

Intervention in Ukraine and Crimea:
In 2014, Russian military made several intrusions in Ukraine territory. After fall of Ukraine president Viktor Yanukovych, Russian military took hold of all the strategic positions. Russia also annexed Republic of Crimea and city of Sevastopol. After referendum, Crimean voted to join Russian federation. In November 2014, Ukraine military reported intensive movement of Russian troops and equipment. International Community alleged Russia to break international law and violating Ukraine sovereignty. Many economic sanctions were imposed on Russia. In October 2015, The Washington Post stated that elite units have been deployed in Syria from Ukraine to support President Bashar-al-Assad.
Intervention in Syria:
On 30 September 2015, Putin authorized Russian military to intervene in Syrian Civil War. It was requested by Syrian government to provide support against jihadist groups. The Russian military conducted air strikes, cruise missile attacks against militant groups that are against Syrian government, Syrian opposition, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant(ISIL), al-Nusra Front, Tahrir al-Sham, Ahrar al-Sham and the Army of Conquest. On 14 March 2016, Putin announced that large part is accomplished and ordered withdrawal of main part of Russian forces from Syria and. Russian forces deployed in Syria continued supporting Syrian government.
Interference in US election:
In January 2007, US intelligence agency expressed high confidence in Putin ordering 'influence campaign' that deteriorated Hillary Clinton chances to become president of USA and later developing 'clear preference' for Donald Trump.

CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT 2020:

A referendum took place in whole Russia regarding some constitutional amendments that will increase Putin's office as President till 2036. Majority of votes were for the referendum.

DOMESTIC POLICY:

Putin's domestic policy aimed to form vertical power structure. It was confirmed that Putin do not want political system in Russia to be like USA or UK but rather as system that was closer to Russia's own traditions. In July 2000, Putin got the power to dismiss the head of 89 federal subjects. In 2004, Putin got the right to nominate head (governors). Putin was also against Yeltsin-era oligarchs and Russian oppositions, which resulted into imprisonment of people such as, Boris Berezovsky, Vladimir Gusinsky and Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Putin succeeded in codifying land law and tax law. Putin also issued reforms on state security with Russian police reform and Russian military reform.
ECONOMIC POLICY:

Under the Putin administration from 2001-2007, the growth of Russian economy was about 7% that made it 7th largest economy by purchasing power. By 2008, Russia GDP by purchasing power increased by 72%. During Putin's presidency, growth in the field of production, construction, real income, credit and middle class took place. Inflation remained problem however. A fund for oil revenue allowed Russia to pay back Soviet Union's debt by 2005. On 22 August 2012, Russia joined World Trade Organization. Individual from Intelligence agencies were placed at key position to control economy in better way. Russia diversified it's export by Trans-Siberian oil pipeline to support oil to China, Japan and Korea, as well as Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok gas pipeline. Many dams are constructed including Bureya Dam, Boguchany Dam. Funds are also located for smooth development in nuclear energy sector. Plan for constructing floating nuclear power plan is intended.
MILITARY POLICY:

From 2000s, more money was spending in military and defense industry but from 2008, after Russia military reform, modernization of army and it's equipment started to make it more effective. A large program to deliver hi-tech equipment, ship to Russian defense forces began. On 1 December 2011, Russian Space Force was replaced by Russian Aerospace Defense Forces. After George W Bush called USA to exit from 1972 Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty, Putin called for development in nuclear technology of Russia. Under Putin, territorial expansion in Arctic circle also took place with increase in military presence there.
FOREIGN POLICY:

President Vladimir Putin consider strategic partnership between India and Russia as important. Putin keeps positive relation between BRICS nations. Russia also looks for strengthening relations with People's Republic of China by signing Treaty of Friendship and construction Trans-Siberian oil pipeline and Trans-Siberian gas pipeline for China to meet it's energy requirements. Russia Ukraine dispute affected many European countries. The plans of Georgia and Ukraine to join NATO also increased tension with Russia. On 18 November 2011, President of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia signed agreement to form Eurasian Union by 2015. After 9/11 attack Russia supported USA in the War of Terror. From 2003, Putin did not supported Iraq War. Relation got tensed even more when Putin provide asylum to Edward Snowden, who leaked classified information of NSA.

After annexation of Crimea, Russia was removed form G8. In 2003, Russia- Britain relationship deteriorated after Britain gave asylum to Oligarch Boris Berezovsky. Russia also alleged Britain for making secret payment to pro democracy and human rights groups. In 2007, Putin visited Iran to attend Second Caspian summit at Tehran after which Iran-Russia relation got better.

Putin supported countries working peacefully on nuclear program. On the other hand, under Mendvedev's presidency Russia denied to provide S-300 missile launch system to Iran. Russian authorities also completed construction of Iran's first civilian nuclear facility, the Bushehr nuclear power plant. President Putin has been attending BRICS summit.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY:

In 2004, Putin signed signed the Kyoto Protocol, which looks for reducing greenhouse gases. Putin personally supervised many projects for rare and endangered animals in Russia like Amur Tiger, the White Whale, the Polar Bear, the Snow Leopard. Putin is chairman of Russian Geographical Society's board of trustees and actively takes part in protecting rare species.
RELIGEOUS POLICY:

Buddhism, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Islam and Judaism are Russia's traditional culture. In Putin's era construction of Churches took place. Parents are given choices of education of one of the traditional religion that their children will learn. His policies are considered as giving religious freedom but getting all the religions under common umbrella of state authority. Putin always visit Orthodox churches, especially on holidays.
APPROVAL RATING:

In June 2007, Putin's approval rating was 81%.In January 2013, approval rating of Putin fell to 62%. In May 2014, Putin's approval rating was six year high, which is 85.9%. According to Levada centre survey, Putin's approval rating was 87%. In June 2015, Putin's approval rating was all time high of 89%. In 2016, Putin approval rating was 81%.
PERSONAL LIFE:

Putin has image of sporty and tough person. Putin also get involved himself in some dangerous activities and also show off his power. He is very conscious about his height. Putin fly military jets, practice martial arts, riding horses, rafting and fishing. He drove sports car. He also has experience of shooting darts at whales using cross bow, scuba diving and catching large fish.

On 28 July 1983, Putin married to Lyudmila Shkrebneva and lived in East Germany from 1985 to 1990. They have two daughters, Mariya Putina and Yekaterina Putina. On 6 June 2013, Putin and Shkrebneva announced that their marriage is over. Putin has two grandsons. His cousin, Igor Putin, is director of Moscow based Master Bank and accused of many money laundering scandals.
WEALTH:

In official data released during legislative wlections of 2007, it was reported that Putin has income of 1,50,000 USD and 833 sq ft apartment in Saint Petersburg. Putin has been photographed with expensive watches of around 7,00,000USD. He also been give these watches as gifts to peasants and factory workers. Anders Aslund estimated his income of 100-160 billion USD. Stanislav Belkovsky estimated his income of 40 billion USD. CIA estimated his income of 40 billion USD.

As President and Prime Minister of Russia, Putin lived in numerous official residences throughout the country. In August 2012, critics say that President Putin listed the ownership of 20 villas and palaces out of them 9 are build in Putin's 12 year in power. A massive Italian style mansion worth 1 Billion USD is under construction near the Black Sea village of Prakoveevka.
RELIGION:

Vladimir Putin is Russian Orthodox. Putin's mother followed Christianity. His father was an atheist. There were no icons symbolizing god at his home but his mother used to go and attend churches regularly. His belief in god became more firm after life threatening accident he faced in 1996. When his dacha picked up fire, he did what his mom told to him and wore cross in his neck during outbreak of fire.
SPORTS:

Putin is always seen promoting sports including Badminton, skiing, cycling and healthy lifestyle. Putin likes to watch football and he is a supporter of FC Saint Petersburg. He also has interest in Ice Hockey and Bandy.
HONOURS AND AWARDS:

He has been presented by civilian awards by many countries including Vietnam, Kazakhstan, France, Tajikistan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela, Serbian orthodox church, Monaco Cuba, Serbia, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, China.
He has been awarded with honorary doctorates from Yerevan State University, Athens University, University of Belgrade.
He has been awarded with Confucius Peace Prize.
He has been awarded with Angel of Peace Medal.
In 2007, he has been person of the year by TIME.
In December 2007, he has been awarded with person of the year by Expert.
The central street of Grozny was renamed to Vladimir Putin Avenue.
The parliament of Kyrgyzstan named a peak in Tian Shan mountains as Vladimir Putin Peak.

FAVORITE:

FAVORITE FOOD: There is food tester before Putin eats anything because of his safety reasons. He is not open about his food habits but it is believed that he loves Pistachio Ice cream to eat even after living in freezing temperatures of Russia.
FAVORITE MUSIC: Putin reveals that as Russian he loves Russian music to listen.
FAVORITE MOVIE: In 2014, Putin said his favorite movie is "Chapaev"(1934).

TWITTER ACCOUNT:

@KremlinRussia_E with 826.3K followers with 22 following including the white house, Barack Obama, Stephen Harper and BRICS 2015.

All photographs are taken from Googl.co.in or pixabay.

Please share your feedback in comments!!

Everything about G7: Group of Seven

2020-07-06T11:29:00.000+05:30

G7 is an international intergovernmental economic organization consisting of 7 major and developed nations, that are Japan, Canada, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany. These all are advanced economies of the world by IMF.
As of 2018, These seven countries represent 58% of Global Net Wealth (317 trillion USD) and more than 32% of GDP by purchasing power parity and 46% of total GDP by nominal values. The annual G7 summit include 7 head of states meeting with each other. The European Union is an invitee to G7.
HISTORY:

On 25 March 1973, the US secretary of treasury, held an informal meeting with finance ministers from West Germany Helmut Schmidt, France Valery Giscard d'Estaing and the United Kingdom Anthony Barber in the library at ground floor of the White House. Initially they were known as 'Library Group'. In 1973, at World Bank-IMF meeting, Schmidt proposed Japan to join the group. Then senior financial officer of five nation came to be known as "Group of Five".
There were many internal political disturbances in all the countries.

In 1975, France hosted Summit in which six nations participated including Italy. Annual meetings of six leaders was organized under a rotating presidency, forming the "Group of Six". As the need for more experienced English speaker raised, Prime Minister of Canada, Pierre Trudeau, which was next largest economy was invited to join the Group and the group came to be known as "Group of Seven".
Russian officials held separate meeting with leaders of G7 after 1994 summit at Naples. On the invitation of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Tony Blair and President of the United States, Bill Clinton, Russian president Boris Yeltsin was invited first as observer and later as full participant.

Russia was invited to attend meeting officially in 1998 and new governmental forum was renamed to "Group of Eight"
In March 2014, Russia was ejected from G8 forum because of annexation of Crimea.
In 2020, US president Donald Trump advocated Russia to join G7 again and invited Australia, India and South Korea to join.
MOTIVE:

This organization was created in response to collapse of exchange rate in 1971, during the time of Nixon Shock, the 1970s energy crises and the ensuing recession.
TILL NOW G7:

Since 1975, group member nations' head meet annually to discuss economic policies. Since 1987, the financial ministers of G7 met semi annually, up to four times a year in stand alone meetings.
In 1996, G7 announced initiative for 42 heavily indebted poor countries.
In 1997, G7 announced 300 million USD toward the build of containment of the reactor meltdown at Chernobyl.
In 1999, G7 decided to get involved in "managing the international monetary system" through the Financial Stability Forum.
In 2008, heads of states met twice to discuss the global financial crisis of 2007-2008.

INVITATIONS:

French President Emmanuel Macron, the host of G7 summit held in Biarritz in August 2019 invited non-member countries which include Australia, Chile, Egypt, India, Iran, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa and Spain.

CONTROVERSIES:

Russia was ejected and suspended from group due to annexation of Crimea.
In 2018, there was a conflict between USA and Russia due to sanctions imposed.
The G7 announced 20 million USD for Brazil forest fire, which in view of critics is very little sum.

NEWS: China's national security law leads to Hong Kong protest!

2020-07-04T21:53:00.006+05:30

In 1997 Hong Kong was handed over to China from British control. While handing over, a unique agreement was signed that can be seen as small constitution known as 'Basic law' or 'one country, two system' policy, which was important for Hong Kong. They need to prevent some rights and freedom in Hong Kong that are not allowed on Chinese mainland, which include, freedom of assembly and speech, an independent judiciary etc.

Under Article 23 of Basic Law, Hong Kong need to have it's own national security law but it was never issued due to it's unpopularity. Then, last year protests over an extradition law turned violent and anti china and asking democracy in Hong Kong. China will never want that.
China issued national security law for Hong Kong. This law is for anything that China sees as against the authorities. It criminalizes any act of

Secession: breaking away from the country
subversion: undermining the power and authority of central government.
terrorism: using violence or intimidation against people.
collusion with foreign or external forces

The law came into affect at 23:00 local time on 30 June 2020, an hour before 23rd anniversary of handover of city from British to China. Some provisions under new law are:

Crimes of Secession, subversion, terrorism and collusion with foreign forces are punishable by maximum sentence of life prison.
Damaging public property can be seen as an act of terrorism.
Companies can be fined if convicted under the law.
Beijing will establish new security office in Hong Kong, with it's own enforcement personnel.
In addition Hong Kong will need to establish it's own national security commission to enforce laws, with Beijing appointed advisor.
Hong Kong's chief executive will have power to appoint judges to hear National security cases.
Importantly, Beijing will have power over how law will be interpreted. If any conflict with Hong Kong law occurs then Beijing law will prevail.
Some trials can be heard behind the doors. People who are suspected of breaking laws can be wire tapped and can be kept under surveillance.

Chief Executive of Hong Kong, Carrie Lam was also not knowing about whole story before passing of this law. Beijing has told Hong Kong must respect and prevent rights and liberties while safeguarding national security. Many people fear that autonomy of judiciary will go with this law and rights and liberties will get eroded. People will not have right to peacefully protest against authorities, for the interest that goes against China's interest.

WORLD AND NATIONAL SECURITY LAW:

JAPAN: Japan has raised concern over law that has been passed even after strong concern shared among international society and people of Hong Kong.
UNITED KINGDOM: UK will be raising the issue on UN Human Rights Council. UK will also be seeing in the agreement with China and strongly condemn passing of law against international community concern as well as against concern of people of Hong Kong.
UNITED STATES: Secretary of State Mike Pompeo stated law as 'draconian' which will end 'free Hong Kong'.
EUROPEAN UNION: European union consider this law against autonomy of Hong Kong, it's judiciary and it's rule of law.
HONG KONG: Chief Executive Carry Lam considers this law to affect only those who breach the law and damage public property.
CHINA: From foreign ministry of China it has been told that this issue is an internal affair of China and no foreign force should intervene.
TAIWAN: Taiwan made china remembered of it's promise of not changing Hong Kong for 50 years. and consider this law against their commitment.
AUSTRALIA: Australia raises concern over liberty and freedom of people of Hong Kong that will be gone after implication of this law.
INDIA: India at UN human right council raised the issue and told that relevant party would consider the problem properly, objectively and seriously. It is to keep in mind that around 40000 Indian origin people live in Hong Kong.

NEWS: VLADIMIR PUTIN till 2036!!

2020-07-04T13:28:00.000+05:30

Vladimir Putin who is present president of Russia had signed an order for constitutional amendment, which will allow him to be as President of Russia till 2036. Vladimir Putin is 67 years old at present. This decision was taken after referendum took place in Russia, in which around 78% Russians voted in favor of referendum. The voting completed on 1 July 2020. The order would be in force from July 4, 2020.
There will be several other reforms in constitutions that are, granting former presidents immunity from prosecution, enshrine a reference in the constitution to god and defining marriage as union of man and woman.
Putin said voting showed high level of unity in society over key questions that are of national significance. Some critics said voting was illegal and illegitimate. An independent monitoring group said that vote was deeply flawed.

BIMSTEC

2020-07-03T20:49:00.000+05:30

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economical Cooperation or BIMSTEC was formed in 1997 through Bangkok declaration. It mainly focuses to accelerate economic growth, social growth and accelerate growth on common interest in the region.

BIMSTEC also connect ecologies of Great Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal. Initially, There were four nations namely, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Thailand and known as BIST-EC. It was renamed to BIMST-EC in 1997 after entry of Myanmar. In 2004, after admission of Nepal and Bhutan it's name changed to 'Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economical Cooperation'.
OBJECTIVE:

Creating an environment to pace up economic development in the region.
encouraging spirit of equality and partnership.
Promoting collaboration over common interest of member countries in the region.
providing support to each other in the field of education, science and technology etc.

PRINCIPLES:

Sovereign Equality
No interference in internal affairs
Territorial integrity
Political Independence
Peaceful Co-existence
Mutual benefit

IMPORTANCE:

BIMSTEC is an organization consisting of south Asian as well as south east Asian countries. It can work as bridge between SAARC and ASEAN countries. BIMSTEC is home to 1.5 billion people, around 22% of total population of world. Total GDP of BIMSTEC is 2.7 trillion and BIMSTEC member are able to achieve constant 6.5% growth rate in last 5 years. It has many important connectivity projects:

Kaladan Multimodal Project: links India and Myanmar
Asian trilateral highway: connects India with Thailand through Myanmar.
Bangladesh-Bhutan-India-Nepal(BBIN) motor vehicle agreement

IMPORTANCE FOR INDIA:

Being in BIMSTEC allow India to follow neighborhood first policy and act East policy by connecting neighbors and South east Asian countries with India. BIMSTEC will promote development of north eastern states of India by connecting them to Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh and Myanmar. It can be alternative of SAARC that is considered to be dysfunction due to India-Pakistan clashes.

CHAIRMANSHIP:

Every country gets chance to become chairman of BIMSTEC in alphabetical order starting from Bangladesh.

AREAS OF COOPERATION:

BIMSTEC looks for countries to cooperate in 14 sectors that are: Trade and investment, Energy, Technology, Transportation and Communication, Tourism, Fisheries, Agriculture, cultural cooperation, Environment and disaster management, public health, public health, people to people contact, poverty alleviation, counter terrorism and transnational crime, climate change.

MECHANISMS OF MEETINGS

BIMSTEC Summit: These are the highest policy making body of BIMSTEC and comprises heads of government.
Ministerial meetings: It is the second most highest policymaking meeting which is attended by foreign ministers of states.
Senior official meetings: These meetings are attended by senior officials of foreign ministries.
BIMSTEC working group: These are attended by ambassador of countries in Bangladesh.
Business and economic forum: These are forums to promote private participation.

CHALLENGES:

INCONSISTENCY IN HELDING OF MEETINGS: It was decided that summits will held in 2 years and minister meetings every year but in 20 years only 4 summits took place.
NEGLECTED BY MEMBER STATES: South east Asian countries are more dedicated towards ASEAN while India itself was more inclined towards SAARC.
BROAD FOCUS AREA: BIMSTEC looks for cooperation in 14 areas.
BILATERAL RELATIONS: For example, Bangladesh is having problem of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar.

BIMSTEC AND INDIA:

In second swearing in ceremony as Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi has cleared to shift focus from SAARC to BIMSTEC by inviting BIMSTEC heads. Two policies neighborhood policy and act east policy is promoted to develop relations with south east countries also. India look forward to achieve aims of BIMSTEC.

SECRETARIAT:

The BIMSTEC permanent secretariat at Dhaka was opened at 2014 and India contributes 33% of it's expenditure.

NEWS: After India, China's claim over Russia?

2020-07-03T17:16:00.001+05:30

China and Russia got into diplomatic and internet war over Russian embassy official posting photo for celebrations of 160th anniversary of the founding for Vladivostok on weibo.
Chinese official including internet users claimed that Vladivostok was a part of China and homeland to Qing Manchurian. During Tsar era, Vladivostok was annexed in 1860 after China's defeat in second opium war as claimed by officials.

This backlash came after China imposed National Security law in Hong Kong which led to large scale protests in Hong Kong.
China was also involved in border disputes with India leading to clash between Indian military and Chinese army resulting into causalities on both sides.

NEWS: Japan backs India against China!

2020-07-03T14:42:00.002+05:30

Japanese ambassador to India, Satoshi Suzuki on Friday said that Japan opposes any unilateral action to change status of Line of Actual Control. He also mentioned that FS Shringla briefed about situation along LAC and Government of India's policies to tackle it. He also mentioned that Government of Japan is closely monitoring situation along LAC and wants peaceful resolution of problem between India and China through dialogue. It is to keep remember that Japan is one of the member of Quadrilateral Security Dialogue consisting India, USA, Australia as other members. Japanese government earlier also hoped for peaceful resolution of border issue.

NEWS: PM Modi in Ladakh!!

2020-07-03T14:06:00.003+05:30

Prime Minister Narendra Modi made a surprise visit to Ladakh to review ground situation and interact with troops. He also interacted with injured soldiers. He was accompanied by CDS Bipin Rawat. Zhao Lijian, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson has told in his statement that no party should be involved in any action that would escalate the situation after PM Modi's surprise visit to Ladakh. PM Modi also did conversation over telephonic call with Russian President Vladimir Putin after successful completion of voting in Russia. Narendra Modi is the first leader after completion of election to hold talks with Vladimir Putin. Narendra Modi also talked over early dispatch of S-400 missile launch system. Power Minister RK Singh also confirmed that India will not import energy equipment from China. These moves came after India-China faceoff in Galwan valley, injuring and killing soldiers on both sides.

Shinzo Abe: The God Gift for JAPAN!!

2020-07-03T13:52:00.001+05:30

Shinzo Abe is currently serving as prime minister of Japan. He is the longest serving Prime Minister of Japan in Japanese history. He is also first prime minister, who born after world war-2. His administration resulted japan to become world's most advanced nation even after lack of natural resources in Japan. He has been popularly known for his 'Abenomics'. Let us get into his life and career growth to know more about him.
EARLY LIFE:

Shinzo Abe was born on 21 September 1954 in Tokyo, Japan in a political family. His family is originally from Yamaguchi prefecture. Abe's registered residence is in Nagato, Yamaguchi. His great-great-grandfather Viscount Yoshimasa Oshima served as general in imperial Japanese army. His maternal grandfather Nobusuke Kishi was de facto "economic" leader of China, Korea and Manchukuo and served position of Prime Minister from1957-1960. His paternal grandfather Kan Abe served in House of Representatives from 1937 to 1946. His father Shintaro Abe was leading member of LDP and served as foreign minister from 1982-1986. His mother's name is Yoko Kishi.

When GHQ's policy changed and became more anti-communist, Nobusuke Kishi, released from Sugamo Prison. After getting out of prison, he established Japan Democratic Party. In 1955, Shigeru Yoshida's Liberal Party and Kishi's Japan Democratic Party merged with each other and formed Liberal Democratic Party.
EDUCATION:

Shinzo Abe studied at Seikei Elementary School, Seikei Junior High School and Seikei Senior High School. He studied Public Administration. In 1977, he completed his bachelors in Political Science from Seikei University. Later he moved to United States, where he studied Public Policy at the University of South California's School of Public Policy for three semester. In April 1979, Shinzo Abe started working at Kobe Steel till 1982.
STARTING OF POLITICAL CAREER:

He pursued working in government offices as executive assistant of Minister of Foreign Affairs then private secretary to chairperson of LDP General council then private secretary to LDP secretary-general. In 1993, he was elected to the first district of Yamaguchi prefecture after his father's death in 1991. In 1999, he became the director of the Social Affairs Division. He was deputy chief cabinet secretary in the Yoshiro Mori and Junichiro Koizumi's cabinet from 2000-2003. Then he served as Secretary General of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Shinzo Abe was chief negotiator for the Japanese government on behalf of families of Japanese abductees taken to North Korea.
Shinzo Abe was the leader of project team to conduct survey on "excessive sexual education and gender free education". The survey raised objection on use of anatomical dolls and other curricular material without taking into consideration age of students. Objection on school policies banning traditional boy's and girl's festival and mixed gender physical education.
On 23 April 2006, Shinzo Abe was appointed as president of Liberal Democratic Party.
FIRST TERM AS PRIME MINISTER:

On 14 July 2006, Shinzo Abe was elected as Prime Minister of Japan. He was elected at the age of 52 and the youngest Prime Minister since Fumimaro Konoe in 1941.
SUDDEN RESIGNATION:

After Shinzo Abe became the Prime Minister of Japan, Liberal Democratic Party suffered great loss in Upper House for the first time in 52 years. His cabinet's agriculture minister Norihiko Akagi, who was involved in party funding scandal also resigned. Moreover, Shinzo Abe's popularity degraded due to his rejection to possible female monarchs. On 27 August 2007, Shinzo Abe announced new cabinet in order to revive his administration but after few days, his new agriculture minister Takehiko Endo resigned because of his involvement in finance scandal. On 12 September 2007, Shinzo Abe showed his intentions to resign and on 24 September 2007, Shinzo Abe resigned and Yasuo Fukudo became the new prime minister of Japan.

Party officials always give Shinzo Abe's health problem behind his resignation. Shinzo Abe confirmed that he was having ulcerative colitis, because of which he resigned. He remained in the diet after resignation and reelected from Yamaguchi 4th district in 2009 elections, when LDP lost power to Democratic Party of Japan.
SECOND TERM AS PRIME MINISTER:

On 26 September 2012, Shinzo Abe again became the leader of LDP. At that point of time, DJP had lost it's majority in lower house due to party splits over nuclear policies and cabinet's decision to increase consumption taxes from 5 to 10 percent. Prime minister Yoshihiko Noda need support of LDP to pass consumption tax bill in response of which, Abe and other opposition parties to hold snap election. Yoshihiko agreed over condition on LDP to pass bond financing bills, support commission to reform the social security system address electoral malapportionment in the next diet session.

On 16 November 2012, Noda announced about dissolution of lower house and general election held on 16 December 2012. Shinzo Abe campaigned with slogan "Nippon o Torimodosu" which means take back japan. He promised for economy revival, higher public spending, continued use of nuclear energy and hard stance on border issues.
In the elections, LDP in coalition with new Komeito party was able to secure two third seats in lower house. On 26 December 2012, Shinzo Abe was formally elected as prime minister in Diet.
THIRD TERM AS PRIME MINISTER:
On 24 December 2014, Shinzo Abe was reelected for the position of prime minister by House of Representatives.
FOURTH TERM AS PRIME MINISTER:

The 2017 general election were to be held on 22 October but Abe called the Snap election on 25 September, while North Korea crises was prominent in media. He was again reelected as prime minister of Japan in 2017.
ECONOMIC POLICY(ABENOMICS):

He took steps towards balancing Japanese budget. He appointed tax policy expert Koji Omi as Minister of Finance. In the second cabinet, he worked for the revival of Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy(CEFP). His economic policy also known as Abenomics consist of three arrows.

FIRST ARROW: First arrow in economy policy of Shinzo Abe was monetary expansion to achieve 2% inflation target.
SECOND ARROW:
The first budget of Abe's cabinet included 10.3 trillion yen stimulus package for public work spending, aid for small businesses and investment incentives. It aimed to increase the growth by 2%. Expenditure on defense and manpower increased while foreign spending decreased. In the later half of 2013, Abe decided to proceed with first stage of increasing consumption tax from 5% to 8% in April 2014.
Abe announced 5 trillion yen as stimulus package for economy revival as backup plan for any negative effect of the decision taken. Japan fell into recession in second and third quarter of 2014. Abe delayed the second stage of increasing consumption taxes to April 2017, that was scheduled to take place in October 2015.
THIRD ARROW:
The third arrow in economic policy in Abenomics was to achieve growth with structural reforms and to achieve long term growth by private sector investment. On 15 March 2013, Abe announced Japan will be entering negotiations to join Tran-Pacific partnership. It was to liberalize some sectors of economy. There were plans to establish deregulated economic zones and allow sale of drugs online. There were no reforms for labor laws or business reform. There were corporate governance reforms, easing on restrictions on hiring foreign staff in special economic zones.
There were measures to help local and foreign entrepreneurs. Health sector was also liberalized. Corporate taxes were also cut to below 30%, an expansion in childcare system to encourage women to join workforce. In December 2015, Government announced that corporation taxes will be reduced to 29.97% in 2016. Shinzo Abe also set a target for 30% women at leadership positions till 2020.
Private and public organizations are also asked to publish data on number of women they employ. In November 2013, Abe cabinet passed a bill to liberalize Japan's electricity market by abolishing price control, breaking up regional monopolies, creating a national grid company.

Abe also came up with 'Abenomics 2.0', which has new three arrows to boost Japanese economy.

The aim was to tackle low fertility rates and an aging population and to increase the average number of children per woman from 1.4 to 1.8 and stabilize population at 100 million, to boost the GDP to 600 trillion yen by 2021, and to create situation where people do not have to leave employment in order to give care to elderly relatives. Abe also looked for opening more wider Asia-Pacific free trade deal and hailed an agreement for creation of "unprecedent economic zones". Japanese economy was believed to enter second recession after application of 'Abenomics' but in third quarter GDP increased by 1%.

EDUCATION POLICY:

Abe supported controversial Japanese society for history textbook reform. Abe's return was seen as renewed attempt to downplay Japan's wartime atrocities in school textbooks. In 2013, Abe supported Super Global Universities program, which was 10 year long program to increase international student's attendance in Japanese universities and hire more foreign faculty.

FOREIGN POLICY:

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was active with respect to foreign affairs. He made 49 international visits from December 2012 to September 2014. It can be seen as step to strengthen bilateral ties in the region in response to bad relations with China and North Korea. Opening avenues for trade, energy and defense internationally can be seen as part of Abenomics.

He gave importance to South east Asian nations, Australia and India. In September 2013, Abe intervened to aid Tokyo's bid to host 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics games: by giving speech in English at IOC session in Buenos Aires.

In 2014, Abe conducted the Japan-Australia Economic partnership agreement with Abbott government. In 2014, Abe and British prime minister David Cameron to establish "2+2 framework" of annual consultation between British and Japanese defense and foreign ministries. In Jan 2015, Abe announced that Japan would provide 200 million dollars in non military assistance to countries fighting against Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant as a part of 2.5 billion dollar aid package.

In April 2015, he became the first Japanese prime minister to address a joint-sitting of US congress. He has stated Japan US alliance as "Alliance of hope". In Seoul in November 2015, Abe attended the first China-Japan-South Korea trilateral summit. In third term, relations with South Korea improved. After Donald Trump's election both leader had meeting at Mar-a-Lago to discuss security threats against North Korea. Abe welcomed North Korea-United Stated Summit

NORTH KOREA: Shinzo Abe has hard stance regarding North Korea, especially over North Korean abduction of Japanese citizens.
CHINA,SOUTH EAST ASIA, TAIWAN:
Shinzo Abe has publicly stated that there is a need in improvement of China-Japan relations and it should not continue to be based upon emotions. Relations with China continuously degraded due to Senkaku Island Dispute and Abe's visit to Yasukuni Shrine. Shinzo Abe is respected politician among Taiwan and a part of Pan Green coalition seeking Taiwanese independence. His great uncle Eisaku Sato was the last prime minister to visit Taiwan while in office. Abe has expressed his thoughts to strengthen political, security and economic relations between south east Asian countries.
INDIA:
Abe see India-Japan relationship as very important and continuously worked to strengthen the ties between both countries. In 2007, Abe initiated Quadrilateral Security Dialogue between USA, Japan, Australia and India. In January 2014, Abe was invited as chief guest for Republic Day parade in Delhi. During the visit Abe and Manmohan Singh(then prim minister of India) agreed to increase cooperation over economic, defense and security issues.
They signed trade agreements related to energy, tourism and telecom. Ties between both nation got more strength after election of Narendra Modi as India's prime minister. Narendra Modi is one in the Abe's Twitter's following list and both leaders exchange congratulatory messages after winning elections.
On his first major visit to japan in 2014, both leaders discussed agreements over nuclear energy, rare earth elements and joint maritime exercises. In December 2015, Abe and Narendra Modi signed deals in which India agreed to buy Shinkansen technology from Japan and japan to be raised to full partner status in the Malabar naval exercises. They also agreed that Japan would sell non military nuclear technology to India.

DEFENSE AND SECURITY:

Abe sought to expand the interpretation of Article 9 of the Japanese constitution to maintain de jury military forces. During his first term he raised Japan defense agency to full ministry status. He always supported alliance with USA. Abe attempted to centralize security policy in prime minister's office by creating the Japanese National Security Council. In December 2013, Abe announced five year plan of military expansion.

In the same month the diet passed State Secrecy Law. Abe's cabinet introduced 11 bills making up the "Peace and Security Preservation Legislation" which would expand military power for foreign conflicts. In December 2015, Abe government announced formation of new intelligence unit, International Counterterrorism Intelligence Collection Unit.

PERSONAL LIFE:

Shinzo Abe married to Aki Matsuzaki. She is a socialite and former radio disk jockey, in 1987. She is the daughter of the president of Morinaga, a chocolate manufacturer. She is also known for her contradicting statements over Shinzo Abe. She is popularly known as "domestic opposition party". They do not have any child, even after undergoing several unsuccessful fertility treatments.

Shinzo Abe's elder brother, Hironobu Abe became president and CEO of Mitsubishi Shoji Packaging Corporation. His younger brother, Nobuo Kishi became Senior Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs. In addition to his native language i.e. Japanese, Abe also speaks English.
AWARDS AND INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION:

He has been awarded with honors by many countries like Saudi Arabia, Greece, Bahrain, Ivory Coast, Netherlands, Philippines, Spain, Luxemberg.
He has achieved honory doctorates from Rangsit University(Thailand), Jawaharlal Nehru University(India), Turkmen State University(Turkmenistan).
He has been awarded with Herman Kahn Award.
He has been awarded with Asian of the year award.
He bagged position in Time 100 in 2014, 2018.
He has been awarded with Boston Global Forum's World Leader in Cybersecurity Award.

FAVORITES OF SHINZO ABE:

FAVORITE FOOD:
The Japanese PM eats a lot of healthy miso, rice and natto (fermented soybeans, pictured) but also admits to hankering after the foods of his youth, mainly ice cream, Korean barbecue and ramen.

WIERD AND UNKNOWN NEWS ABOUT SHINZO ABE:

SERVED DINNER IN SHOES DURING LUNCH WITH ISRAELI PM BENJAMIN NETANYAHU.

ANGELA MERKEL: World's most Powerful Lady!

2020-06-30T13:53:00.001+05:30

Angela Merkel is presently serving as Chancellor of Germany since 2005. She is the first female to serve this position in German history. She has been awarded with 'most powerful leader' as well as 'world's most powerful lady' and several other titles. Let us get into her personal, professional life to learn more about her.
EARLY LIFE:
Angela Merkel's full name is Angela Dorothea Merkel. She was born on 17 July 1954 in Hamburg, West Germany. When she was infant, her family moved to East Germany.

Her father was Horst Kasner, who was Lutheran pastor. He was the native of Berlin. Her mother's name was Herlind, who was polish and a teacher of English and Latin. Angela Merkel has two younger siblings.

Angela Merkel's real name is Angela Dorothea Kasner before marriage.
Angela's grandparents were catholic but they changed to Lutheranism during her father's childhood. In 1954, When Angela was three months old, her father got a pastor in church, which was in East Germany, her family moved from West Germany to Templin, East Germany.
In 1968, Merkel joined Free German Youth(FDJ) , which was official communist movement by Socialist Unity Party of Germany.
EDUCATION:
From 1973 to 1978, Angela studied at Karl Marx University, Leipzig in Physics. When she was a student, she participated in rebuilding the ruined Moritzbastei, a project initiated by students to build clubs and recreational activities in campus. Such movement were not regular but this movement was backed by local leadership of SED party.

When she was in school, she learned Russian. She had received awards for fluency in Russian and Mathematics.
From 1978 to 1980, Angela Merkel studied and worked at Central Institute for Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin-Adlershof. At Academy of Sciences, she became member of its FDJ secretariat. In 1986, she has been awarded with Doctorate for her theses in Quantum Chemistry. Then, she worked as researcher and published several papers. She also participated in multi language course at Donetsk.
START OF POLITICAL CAREER:

When fall of Berlin wall took place in November 1989, Angela joined growing democracy movement by joining Democracy Awakening party. The party eventually merged into East German Christian Democratic Union, which finally merged with its counter parts in West Germany.
In 1990 federal election, Merkel stood for election to Bundestag from the constituency of Stalsund-Nordvorpommern-Rugen in north Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. After winning elections, she was appointed by chancellor Helmut Kohl to serve in Ministry of Women and Youth in the federal cabinet. She got political visibility, when she was appointed to serve in Ministry for the Environment and Nuclear Safety.
BECOMING LEADER OF OPPOSITION:

After the defeat of CDU in 1998 federal elections, Merkel became Secretary-General of CDU. Following the party funding scandal, many leading figures compromised. Merkel criticized them publicly and told for a fresh start. She became the first ever female leader of CDU on 10 April 2000. In 2001, Friedrich Merz made clear to become the challenger of then chancellor Gerhard Schroder. Merkel also wanted to become the challenger but lacked support from her own party members.

Merkel and CDU-CSU supported the invasion of Iraq war. In 2002, she became the leader of opposition in Bundestag.
She supported reforms for Germany's economy and social system.

She also favored changes in labor laws. She also favored transatlantic relations and friendly German-America friendship. She also criticized accession of Turkey to European Union rather she supported privileged partnership.
BECOMING CHANCELLOR FOR FIRST TIME:

On 30 May 2005, Merkel won the nomination for challenger to chancellor Gerhard Schroder from CDU-CSU in 2005 federal elections. She gained momentum after declaring that she would appoint Paul Kirchhoff, former judge at German Constitutional Court and leading fiscal policy expert as Minister of Finance. Paul introduced flat tax, which undermined Merkel's chances to win elections. This was compounded by Merkel's proposal to increase VAT. On 18 September 2005, federal elections took place. CDU/CSU won election with 35.2% votes and SPD got second highest votes (34.2%).

The result was so close that both the parties claimed for victory.

Neither of the coalition have majority to form government except grand coalition of CDU/CSU with SPD. Both parties demanded for chancellorship but after three weeks of negotiations, it was decided that Merkel will be chancellor of Germany while SPD would hold 8 of 16 seats in cabinet.
WORK DONE BY ANGELA MERKEL AS CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY:

After coalition between CDU/CSU with SPD was confirmed on 14 November 2005, Merkel was appointed as Chancellor of Germany on 22 November 2005.
Public spending was cut with increase in VAT, social insurance contribution, top rate of income tax. The main aim of Merkel's government is to reduce unemployment.
In 2009, she was reelected and formed a government in coalition with FDP. In this term, European Crises occurred. In September 2013, she was again reelected but again grand coalition with SPD occured because FDP failed to achieve 5% votes, which is minimum criteria to form coalition in Bundestag.

In 2017, CDU/CSU as well as SPD got less number of votes as compared to 2013 elections. President Frank-Walter Steinmeier appealed both parties to again form coalition. Hence, in 2017 third grand coalition took place.
DOMESTIC REFORMS:

Angela has been constantly working to reduce unemployment in Germany. She has also come up with many reforms in health sector. She has been also focusing on future energy development in Germany. She also reformed migration policies.
IMMIGRATION POLICY:
Angela Merkel has told that immigrant must integrate and adopt German's culture and values. The debates over level of immigration and its effects on Germany along with integration of Muslim immigrants with German society increased.

MIGRATION POLICY:

In late August 2015,

Merkel has announced to process asylum applications of Syrian refugees who are coming through other EU countries. In that year abound 1.1 million asylum seekers entered into Germany.
FOREIGN POLICY:

Angela Merkel is considered as de facto leader of European Union. She has focused on strengthening international trade agreements and European cooperation. She worked for strengthening transatlantic relations. She has also signed agreement of transatlantic economic council on 30 April 2007 at White House. She has good relations with US presidents George W Bush and Barack Obama. On 25 September 2007, Merkel meet 14th Dalai Lama for "Private and Informal talks".

In 2006, she had raised concern on overreliance on Russian energy. Merkel favors Association Agreement of Ukraine with European Union but also stated that it will depend on Ukraine's policies. Merkel also supported Israel over it's right to defend itself on Israel-Gaza conflict 2014. Merkel also considered China as important element for Germany's economy. In June 2017, she criticized US sanctions on Russia over EU-Russia energy project.
MERKEL AND INDIA:

In 2008, Angela Merkel visited India and signed agreements to strengthen the relation between both the nations in the field of Science & Technology, Commerce, Defense. In 2013, She visited India or second India-Germany Intergovernmental Consultation at New Delhi. In 2015, she visited India for third India-Germany Intergovernmental Consultations. In 2008, Indian navy conducted a joint exercise with German navy. Narendra Modi visited Germany in 2018.
ANGELA MERKEL ON BREXIT:

Angela Merkel has stated that Britain has to bear with consequences after Brexit. Britain will have weaker economic ties with European Union after Brexit.
INTERNATIONAL STATUS:
She has been termed as world's most powerful lady and second most powerful person. On 26 March 2014, she became the longest serving incumbent head of government in EU. In 2017, Hillary Clinton stated Angela as most important leader of fresh world. She is currently senior leader of G7. In 2018 survey, it was mentioned that she is the most respected leader internationally.
RESIGNATION PLAN:
In October 2018, Angela Merkel announced to stand down as party leader and would not seek fifth term as chancellor of Germany in 2021.
PERSONAL LIFE:

In 1977, at the age of 23 Angela Kasner married to Ulrich Merkel and took his surname. The couple got divorced in 1982. She married to Professor Joachim Sauer, who was quantum chemist. They both met each other in 1981 and got married secretly on 30 December 1998. She has no children but Sauer had two children from previous marriage.
RELIGION:
Angela Merkel is said to be a member of evangelical church. She believes in god and consider Christians to be not afraid for standing for their believes.
HONOURS AND AWARDS:

She has been awarded with national as well as foreign honors. She has received awards from countries like Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, India, Israel, Israel, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, United States of America, Slovakia.
She has received Doctorates from various universities
like Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2007, Leipzig University in 2008, Radboud University Nijmegen in 2013, University of Szeged in 2013, Comenius University in Bratislava in 2014, University of Bern in 2015, University of Helsinki in 2017, Harvard University in 2019 etc.
In 2006, Merkel was awarded with vision for Europe award towards her contribution for European integration.
She has also topped Forbes magazine's list of 'World's 100 most powerful women' in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019.
On 16 June 2010, Merkel has been awarded with Global Leadership Award for her work in strengthening German-American relations.
On 21 September 2010, Merkel was awarded with Leo Baeck Medal.
On 31 May 2011, She was awarded with Jawaharlal Nehru award for 2009 from the Indian government.
In 2012, she was ranked second in Forbes list of world's most powerful people.
On 29 November 2012, she was awarded with Heinz Galinski Award in Berlin, Germany.
In 2013, she was awarded with Indira Gandhi Peace Prize.
In December 2015, she was named as person of the year by Time's magazine.
In May 2016, She was awarded with International Four Freedoms Award from the Roosevelt foundation in Middleburg, the Netherlands.
In 2017, She recieved the Elie Wiesel award from the United states Holocaust Memorial Museum.

FAVORITES OF ANGELA MERKEL:

Favorite Sports: Angela Merkel like Football. She also visit to watch her national team's gameplay sometimes.
Favorite Movie: The Legend of Paul and Paula (released in 1973).
Favorite food: Hungarian vegetable stew called Letcho and a meat and pickled vegetable soup known as Solyanka.
Favorite color: Blue
Dream tourist place: Hawaii
She fears from thunderstorm and dogs after she was attacked by a dog in 1995.
She was also sometime seen shaking while speaking on the stage. Afterwards, she cleared that it may be because of dehydration.

NICKNAMES:

Angela Merkel was called as "Kasi" due to her surname Kasner. She was also called sometimes as "Angie".

SOMETHING MORE ABOUT ANGELA MERKEL:

Coronavirus infections accelerate in Germany again as lockdown is eased

ANGELA MERKEL ON CORONAVIRUS

Coronavirus: 70% of population likely to be infected, experts tell Angela Merkel

Angela Merkel says ‘hard evidence’ she was target of Russian hackers

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BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: A Self Motivated Soul!

2020-06-26T21:27:00.000+05:30

Benjamin Netanyahu, currently serving as 9th Prime Minister of Israel. A pass out from MIT and youngest Prime Minister of Israel. He is the longest serving and first Prime Minister to be born on the lands of Israel after establishment of state. He has been serving as Prime Minister of Israel from 2009 and previously from 1996-99. Let us get into his life and find out everything about his personal, professional life.
EARLY LIFE:

He was born on 21 October 1949. He was born in secular Jewish family. His father was Warsaw born. His father name is Prof. Benzion Netanyahu (1910-2012). His mother was from Jerusalem and her name is Tzila Segal (1912-2000). He was born at Tel Aviv, Israel.

He was 2nd out of 3 children. By DNA test, it was confirmed that he is from Sephardi Jewish Ancestry. He has been raised in Jerusalem and Philadelphia state of USA. He has been obedient, active, brave, cheerful, disciplined, friendly, punctual, responsible, helpful, polite and courteous.
Between 1956-58 and 1963-67, he lived in Philadelphia state of USA, where his father was professor in Dropsie College. He used to visit Temple Judea of Philadelphia. He is very good in English. He was active in several clubs including chess, soccer and debate.
After returning to Israel from 1967 from USA after completing high school, he served in Israel defense forces for 5 years.
EDUCATION:

When he was in Jerusalem, he studied in Henrietta Szold Elementary school. When he moved to USA, he studied in Cheltenham High School. After serving in Defense forces, in 1972, he again moved to USA, where he got enrolled into Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to study architecture.

In 1973, he has to again return to Israel to serve in Yom Kippur war. After participating in war, he again returned to USA and again admitted into MIT under name, Ben Nitay. He completed his Bachelors in architecture in February 1975. He completed masters in June 1976 from MIT Sloan school of management. He wanted to to go for Doctorate too, but his studies got break due to his brother's death.
MILITARY LIFE:

He joined Israel defense forces immediately after Six-day war. He was head of special force unit, Sayeret Matkal. He had participated in Operation Gift (1968) and Operation Isotope (1972). He also participated in War of Attrition and Yom Kippur war in 1973. He raided along Suez Canal and then attacked deep into Syrian territory against Egyptian forces. He was also shot on his shoulder while on one of the operation. He was having a rank of Captain while discharging from defense forces.
PROFESSIONAL LIFE:

He has served as economic consultant at Boston Consulting Group in between 1976-78. In 1978, Benjamin returned to Israel and established Yonatan Netanyahu Anti-Terror Institute in the remembrance of his brother' killing during Operation Entebbe. His brother was killed during Operation Entebbe. His brother was commander of unit in which Benjamin served and he was on counter terrorism operation at Entebbe airport, Uganda. During that operation, more than 100 people were rescued.
ENTRY INTO POLITICS:

Between 1978-80, he was busy in setting up Anti-Terror institute. Between 1980-82, he became the director of Rim industries during which he came in connection with several politicians. Moshe Arens, one of the ministers, appointed him as Deputy Chief of Mission at Israeli Embassy in Washington D C from 1982-84. Between 1984-88, he was deployed as Israeli ambassador at United Nations.

During his stay in New York, he became friend of Fred Trump (Father of Donald Trump). Prior to 1988 Israeli legislative elections, Benjamin retuned to Israel and joined 'LIKUD'. At internal elections of Likud, Benjamin was ranked fifth of the party list. He was the member of 12th Knesset.

He was appointed as Deputy of foreign minister Moshe Arens and later of David Levy. With David, Benjamin's relation was not good and it got intensified with time. During Gulf war of 1991, he was appointed as official spokesperson of Israel to CNN and other media platforms. During Madrid Conference 1991, he was a member of Israeli delegation, which was headed by Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, after which he became Deputy minister in the Israeli's Prime Minister's Office. In 1992, Likud lost in elections. Netanyahu won internal elections of Likud after 1992 election against Benny Begin.
FIRST TIME AS PRIME MINISTER:

After assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, his successor Shimon Peres called early elections. On 26 May 1996, elections took place. It was the first election in which people elected their Prime Minister. Shimon Peres lost the elections due to several suicide bombings before elections. Hence, Netanyahu won in elections. After becoming Prime Minister, suicide bombing continued.

The responsibility of suicide bombing of bombings was taken by Hamas. Netanyahu also opposed Oslo Accords. In 1996, along with Mayor Ehud Olmert opened decide to open exit in the Arab Quarter for the Western Wall Tunnel. On 4 September 1996, he met Palestine president Yasser Arafat. On 14 January 1997, Hebron Protocol was signed. After Hebron Protocol, redeployment of Israeli forces in Hebron. In 1998, Wye River Memorandum was signed between Netanyahu and PLA leader Yasser Arafat to promote peace talks.

It was passed in Knesset on 17 November 1998. In 1997 , Mossad undertook the operation to kill Hamas leader, Khaled Mashal in Jordan. Benjamin Netanyahu worked to liberalize the market. He also promoted selling share in banks and major state run companies. He also greatly eased Foreign Exchange Policy, allowing Israelis to have accounts in other countries and, move money out of the countries. Left wing always opposed Netanyahu. Right wing started opposing Netanyahu because of his support to Palestine in Hebron. Among Israeli public, Netanyahu had lost his support due to number of cases for corruption by Israeli police over him.
DEFEAT IN 1997 ELECTION:
In 1999, Netanyahu lost in election. Ehud Barak won the election. He temporarily retired from politics and joined as senior consultant at BATM advanced communication for two years. In 2000, after downfall of Ehud Barak, Netanyahu insisted to conduct General assembly election to have stable government. After elections, Ariel Sharon was made Prime Minister, who was less popular than Netanyahu at that time. In 2002, after Israel Labor Party left the coalition, the post for Foreign Minister got empty.

Ariel Sharon appointed Netanyahu as new Foreign Minister. In 2003 legislative assembly election, Netanyahu was designated with Ministry of Finance. Some also believe Sharon's this step as a political threat due efficiency of Netanyahu as Foreign Minister. The economy of Israel was not stable, which will defame Netanyahu but Netanyahu's policies worked to provide momentum to economy. He worked for more liberal economy. Regulations over public sector were also made ease. He reduced the size of public sector. Taxation system was also streamlined. The debt to GDP ratio reduced. Foreign investment increased. Unemployment ratio was at lowest of all times. Netanyahu proposed to resign from office due to Gaza pullout. On 7 August 2005, he submitted his resignation.
BECOMING LEADER OF 'LIKUD' AGAIN:

After Sharon's withdrawal from Likud, Netanyahu was the most preferred candidate to become the leader of Likud. He got 47% votes. In 2006 elections, Likud got third highest votes after Kadima and labor party. Netanyahu served as leader of opposition. On 14 August 2007, Netanyahu got 73% votes to become the leader of Likud and candidate for Prime Minister.
BECOMING PRIME MINISTER FOR SECOND TIME:
Likud won second highest number of seats in the elections after Kadima. Tzipi Livini of Kadima declined to form coalition. Likud formed coalition with Labor party. He presented "Vote of Confidence" on 31 March 2009 and formed 32nd government with approved majority of 69.

After coming into office, he lifted checkpoints at west bank for free movement and free flow of trade. This step was to boost the economy. He also look for Arab peace initiative. He left office on 7 September 2009. According to reports, he have been to Russia to stop Russia from giving S-300 missile launch system to Iran.

On 24 September 2009 , at UNGA, New York, he mentioned Iran as threat and no nuclear weapons should be provided or allow Iran to build nuclear technology. On 25 November 2009, 10- month settlement Freeze plan was made. In March 2010, 1600 additional apartments in a large Jewish housing development in Northern East Jerusalem called as Ramat Shlomo.

In September 2010, Obama mediated talks between Israel and Palestine.

Israeli government was active is pressing Obama administration to release Jonathan Pollard. Protests regarding high cost of living in Israel took place. Trajtenberg committee was set up, which submitted it's report in 2011. Fiber optic was laid down to provide cheap and fast internet for every house. Netanyahu and his foreign minister Avigdor Lieberman decided to merge their respective parties to fight general election on 22 January 2013.
BECOMING PRIME MINISTER FOR THIRD TIME:

In 2013 elections, Shimon Peres (President) gave a charge to Netanyahu to form 33rd government after winning election. He made coalition with Yesh Atid, The Jewish Home and Hatnuah party. He continued with economic liberalization . In December 2013, the Knesset approved Business Concentration Law. He also came up with privatization of ports.

In July 2013, tenders for construction of private ports at Haifa and Ashdod. In April 2014, Netanyahu was critical for Hamas and Palestine and formed a unity government. In June 2014, massive search and arrest operation was carried out at west banks especially against Hamas. Several missile attacks were done in this span. In October 2014, privatization plan was approved to reduce corruption and politisation in government companies. On 2nd December 2014, two of his ministers were fired.

BECOMING PRIME MINISTER FOR FOURTH TIME:

In 2015 elections, Benjamin Netanyahu formed government in coalition with Jewish Home, Kulanu and Shas. In August 2015, two year budget was introduced. There were reforms regarding agriculture, lowering import duties, deregulation of approval process in construction to speed up the building of infrastructure, lower fees for financial service.

On 6 June 2017, Israeli government withdrawal its annual dues from the organization which totaled around 6 billion USD criticizing UN resolution and Kerry's speech. In February 2017, Benjamin became the first PM to visit Australia.. In April 2018, he accused Iran for not holding up its end of Iran nuclear deal. He also praised North Korea- USA summit.

INVESTIGATION BY ISRAEL POLICE:
In June 2017, he was investigated by Israeli police for taking favor from businessmen, including James Packer and Hollywood producer Arnon Milchan.

On 3 August 2017, Israeli police confirmed for the first time that Netanyahu was suspected of crimes involving fraud, breach of trust, and bribes in cases "1000" and "2000". The case for corruption over Benjamin was also recommended by Israel police to be charged on him. Netanyahu's criminal trial is set to begin on 24 May 2020, having been initially scheduled for March of that year but delayed due to COVID-19.

BECOMING PRIME MINISTER FOR FIFTH TIME:
On 17 May 2020, Netanyahu swear in as Prime Minister for fifth time in coalition with Benny Gantz.
COUNTER TERRORISM VIEWS:

Benjamin Netanyahu published three books for counter terrorism. He identifies terrorism as totalitarianism. He advises tighter immigration laws in view for counter terrorism.
LGBT RIGHTS:
Netanyahu view LGBT people equally as normal people. All the laws and rights should be provided equally to LGBT people in view of Benjamin Netanyahu.
NATIONAL SECURITY:

Under Netanyahu, the Israeli National Security Council has seen an expanded role in foreign policy planning and decision-making. He has also worked against illegal immigration. 'Prevention of infiltration' law was passed in 2012 to automatically detain whosoever entered in Israel without permission.
ECONOMIC VIEWS:

He promotes ideology of 'free market'. He has come up with many reforms in banking sector. He has removed restrictions over investment abroad. He promotes privatization. He reduced the size of public sector.. He reformed and made taxation system of the country more streamlined. He has reduced monopoly in the market and increased fair competition in the market.
RELATION WITH FOREIGN LEADERS:

He is in close relationship with Hungarian PM Victor Orban due to relationship between Likud and EPP (European People's Party).
He has very friendly relation with Italian PM Silvio Berlusconi.
He has very good relations with Russian President Vladimir Putin.
He has very old relations with US president Donald Trump.
He has good relations with Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro.

RELATION WITH INDIA:

India and Israel share economic, military and strategic relations. India is the largest buyer of Israeli military equipment. Israel is India's second largest defense partner after Russia. Between 1999-2009, the military business between two nation has been around 9 billion USD. India and Israel also share relation over counter terrorism. They share intelligence reports with each other.

MARRIAGE AND RELATIONSHIPS:

Benjamin Netanyahu has 3 marriages. He was first married to Miriam Weizmann.

They had a daughter named Noa. In 1981, Netanyahu married British girl, Fleur Cates. He got divorced in 1984. He then married Sara Ben- Artzi. She was a flight attendant in EI AI flight from New York to Israel. They have two boys. Yair and Avner.

In 1993, on a television show it was confirmed Netanyahu had affairs with Ruth Bar, his public relation advisor. He was also in friendship with Italian-American women Katherine price- mondadori.

BOOKS WRITTEN:

International Terrorism: Challenge and Response.
Terrorism: How the West Can Win. Avon. 1987.
A Durable Peace: Israel and Its Place Among the Nations.
Fighting Terrorism: How democracies can defeat domestic and international Terrorism.

FAVORITES:

Favorite Poet: Hayim Nahman Bialik.
Favorite Books: The five forefathers of Zunaism, The rise of nuclear Iran- How Iran defies the west?, Advice to war residents.
Favorite food: Pistachio flavored Ice cream (On average 14 kg Ice Cream per week)

LATEST:

Israel was reported to gain success in making vaccine against COVID-19. Benjamin Netanyahu also followed Indian's way of saying hello, 'NAMASTE' to others, by joining both hands with each other to follow social distancing.

NICKNAME:

The nickname of Benjamin Netanyahu is 'Bibi.

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Narendra Modi: THE BRAVE HEART!!!

2020-06-24T18:03:00.000+05:30

Narendra Modi, currently serving as 14th Prime minister of India. A tea seller from Gujarat, now known as one of the most powerful leader and speaker of the world. Coming out of poverty and now running 5th largest economy of the world. He is the first ever leader outside from Congress to serve as Prime Minister of India for two consecutive terms. Let us dive deep into Narendra Modi's personal and professional life to find out path defined by the destiny and how he managed to reach here?

PERSONAL LIFE:

Narendra Modi's full name is Narendra Damodardas Modi. He was born on 17 September 1950 in Vadnagar town situated in Mehsana district, Gujarat in a Gujarati Hindu family.

He was 3rd of 6 children in the family. He was born in family characterized by government of India as Other backward caste or OBC. His Father name was Damodardas Mulchand Modi. His mother's name is Hiraben Modi. Narendra Modi's Father used to sell tea at Vadnagar railway station. As a child, Narendra Modi used to help his father in selling tea and after that he ran his own tea stall. Narendra Modi got married with Jashodaben Chimanlal Modi in teenage. Narendra Modi immediately after getting married left his home and wandered in whole India especially in north and north eastern India. When Modi was eight years old, he started attending local shakhas or training sessions of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. He met Lakshmanrao Inamdar who appointed Modi as balswayamsevak or junior cadet. At RSS, Modi also met Vasant Gajendragadkar and Nathalal jaghda, who were key founders of BJP's Gujarat unit in 1980. After returning from his journey of India in around 1969-70 to Vadnagar, before leaving to Ahmedabad, he also worked in his uncle's canteen at Gujarat state Road Transport Corporation.

EDUCATION:

In 1967, Narendra Modi completed his higher secondary education. He was considered as an average student in studies but he was having debating quality. He used to keep his point of view in rhetoric manner. He was also having a keen interest in theatre. In 1978, He graduated in from bachelors of arts in political science from school of open learning, university of Delhi. In 1983, he did masters in political science from Gujarat University.

ENTRY INTO POLITICS:

It all started after attending local shakhas of RSS from age of eight. Then he was appointed as junior cadet in RSS. In 1971, he was serving as full time worker at RSS. After 1971 war of India with Pakistan, Narendra Modi became pracharak or one who do publicity for RSS. In 1975, when India Gandhi, the then prime minister of India, imposed emergency in whole nation which continued till 1977.

Narendra Modi participated actively in criticism against emergency. He was appointed as general secretary of 'Gujarat Lok Sangharsh Samiti', that worked in opposition of emergency declared. Leaders against emergency were jailed at that time because of which, Modi has to remain in disguise to prevent himself from getting into prison. He has also written a book named 'sangharsh ma Gujarat' for Gujarat struggles in emergency.

He became sambhag pracharak (regional organizer) of RSS in 1978. He was also given task to write his form of history of emergency. In 1985, he was assigned to BJP by RSS. In 1986, LK Advani became the president of BJP. Important positions were filled with the help of RSS. Modi worked for municipal elections in Ahmedabad. Due to his role, BJP easily won municipal election. In 1987, Narendra Modi was appointed as organizing secretary of BJP for Gujarat state.

CHIEF MINISTER OF GUJARAT:

In 2001, Keshubhai Patel was chief minister of Gujarat. After downfall in his health and public image due to Bhuj earthquake, Modi was made chief minister of Gujarat.

GUJARAT RIOTS:

On 27 February 2002, the train with pilgrims coming from Ayodhya after demolition of Babri Masjid was burned near Godhra.

It was said in reports that incident was premeditated and was conducted by Muslims. Around 60 people were killed. Vishwa Hindu Parishad called for bandh in whole state.

It was for anti Muslim call. Communal riots took place between Hindu and Muslims. Curfew was declared in 26 major cities. The order for shoot at sight was issued. Army was deployed to control the situation. President of BJP came in support of bandh. Reports says, around 2000 people were killed. Around 1,50,000 people were send to refugee camps. Modi said during riots that whatever is happening is the reaction of action. Special Investigation Team was asked to look into Gujarat riots. In 2010, Modi was questioned but no evidence was found against him.

2002 ELECTIONS:

As aftermath of violent riots, Modi was asked to resign.

He resigned from the post of chief minister and contested 2002 legislative assembly elections of Gujarat from Maninagar constituency. He won the elections securing 113,589 votes out of 154,981. On 22 December 2002, Modi swear in as chief minister of Gujarat for second term.

SECOND TERM AS CHIEF MINISTER:

In his second term, Modi worked for health sector, eradicating poverty, education sector and economy of Gujarat.

He focused on building ground water conservation program. He also established financial and technological parks in Gujarat. He also worked for improving transparency in government working and reducing corruption in state. Jyotigram yojana scheme was expanded to benefit agricultural sector. In 2013, Gujarat ranked 10th in all the Indian states for Human Development Index. On 21 may 2014, after winning general assembly elections Narendra Modi resigned as MLA of Maninagar constituency. Anandiben Patel succeeded him as chief minister of Gujarat.

BECOMING PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA FOR FIRST TIME:

In September 2013, Modi was declared as candidate from BJP. During the campaign he mainly focused over inefficiency of previous government in handling Indian economy, poor health infrastructure, poor education facilities, high corruption, lower employment etc. His works in Gujarat for health education and raising income of poor people were highlighted. Moreover, his quality for delivering speeches helped him to connect with common people.

Modi's overall campaign cost were estimated around 50 billion rupees, most of which is donated by corporates. He also used technology in campaigning. He was the first leader to organize around 1000 rallies on social media.

He won general assembly elections with 282 seats. He contested election from Varanasi and Vadodara. On 26 May 2014, he swear in as prime minister of India

WORKS DONE IN FIRST TERM:

He mainly worked initially to centralize the power. National Institute of Transforming India or NITI AAYOG was established in place of conventional PLANNING COMMISSION OF INDIA. As Planning commission of India was regarded as inefficient in giving growth to India's economy. Government also worked for improving the bureaucracy system of country. System was made more transparent and corruption was reduced. Around 1200 obsolete laws were repealed. Intelligence Bureau was asked to investigate against International NGO's and civil society organizations. On 29 September 2016, surgical strike was carried out over terrorist camps in Pakistan.

BECOMING PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA FOR SECOND TIME:

Narendra Modi again won general assembly elections of 2019 with full majority. BJP won 303 seats and became party with highest majority. He was swear in as Prime Minister of India on 30 May 2019.

WORKS DONE IN SECOND TERM:

In just one year after elections, many major decisions were taken. On 5 August 2019, Article 370 and 35-A were removed and According to Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019, whole state was reorganized into two new union territories. On 30 July 2019, Triple Talaq was made illegal. In 2019, Dispute of Ayodhya was resolved with supreme court's decision in favor of Ram Mandir construction on land. Citizenship Amendment Act was also made to give citizenship to several minorities in neighboring countries who want to come to India against torture by majority.

DEFENSE POLICY:

Narendra Modi also worked for upgrading defense facilities of the country. Purchasing of Rafael, S-400 missile system, India's own Tejas fighter jet etc. In Feb. 2019, airstrike by Indian air force over terrorist camps in response to Pulwama attack. With Narendra Modi's friendly gestures with other countries, India has increased its cooperation with other countries with respect to security, research and development and anti terrorism activities.

FOREIGN POLICY:

Narendra Modi gives equal importance to foreign relation. While swearing in first time as chief minister, he invited all SAARC nations.

For second swearing in ceremony, he invited BIMSTEC nations. Narendra Modi has frequent and successful trips to USA, Israel, Russia, Europe, African countries etc. Narendra Modi is the first prime minister to visit Nepal in 17 years, Australia in 28 years, Fiji in 31 years, UAE in 34 years and the list goes on. Due to his foreign policy India was supported by 184 countries out of 192 countries. 177 countries including India are now recognizing 21 June every year as 'International Day of Yoga'. Narendra Modi always respect international organizations like ASEAN, BRICS, G-20. Ties with central Islamic states like Bahrain, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE were also given importance and made stronger.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY:

Narendra Modi's policy over environment looks for reducing carbon emission, global warming, greenhouse effect. In 2015, Narendra Modi attended United Nation Climate Change Conference or COP21.

India also initiated increasing usage and research in the field of solar energy by establishing 'International Solar Alliance'. Swacch Bharat Abhiyan, the largest sanitation campaign, looks for the sanitation at public places and also make people understand the importance of personal hygiene. The name of 'ministry of environment and forest was changed to 'ministry of environment, forest and climate change'. Government is also working to promote electric vehicle in whole country. Installation of charging stations, subsidies are part of promotion.

MAJOR SCHEMES UNDER MODI GOVERNMENT:

In India, world's largest health care program is run. The name of this program is 'AYUSHMAN BHARAT YOJANA'.
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: This scheme benefit around 35 crore people.
Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Man Dhan Yojana: It benefit around 42 crore people in unorganized sector by providing them with pensions.
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: It benefit around 7 crore people, mostly women. From 2014 to 2019, availability of LPG cylinder increased by 56% in households.
18000 villages are electrified till now.
Under 'Housing For All' scheme, 1.25 crore houses are built in between 2014-2019.
Under PM kisan scheme, farmers get benefit of around 87,000 crore per year. The limit of 5 acre land is also removed now to expand the benefit of scheme.
E-NAM is run to make market for farmers efficient.
For availability of clean water and for water conservation, new ministry is constituted, named as 'Jal Shakti Ministry'.
Swacch Bharat Abhiyan: Due to this program, sanitataion level increased from 38% in 2014 to 99% in 2019. Many states and UT's have declare themselves as Open Defecation Free (ODF). According to WHO, around 3 Lakh lives get saved every year due to this mission.
For making airways available to common people UDAN or 'Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik' scheme is run. Proper infrastructure of transportation is also upgraded under this scheme.
Make in India program is run to make India a manufacturing hub. Under this mission, ease of business rules have been made fairly easy for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
Digital India program is run to make availability of internet and information to each and everybody in the country.
'One Nation, One Tax' introduced by government removed 17 types of different taxes and made system more efficient.
National Education Policy, 2019 ensure availability of teaching to maximum number of student. It also looks for structuring of industry oriented course. Vocational training is given importance under this policy.
On 9th Nov 2016, Old currency notes worth 500 and 1000 rupees were abandoned and new currency notes worth 200,500,2000 were issued in order to reduce black money in the country.
In 2019, 10% reservation was provided to economically weaker section of society.
PRAGATI: Pro-Active Governance & Timely Implementation. It is run to make the system more transparent to common public. Timely implementation of projects have been key objective under this program.
Government also worked to combat flood, drought. The international standard system are installed and teams are trained to function in such natural calamity.
Government has launched mygov portal to reduce corruption and make system more transparent.

APPROVAL RATINGS, ACCEPTANCE AND AWARDS TO NARENDRA MODI:

In Pew Research poll, approval rating of Narendra Modi is 87%. 68% people say very favorable while 93% people are approving his government.
In instavaani, 74% is his approval rating.
According to Times of India survey, 77% people says Modi's government as very good or good.
Around 77% people trust Narendra Modi over National Security as per survey conducted.
In 2007, he was awarded with Best CM award by India Today.
In March 2012, he made a place on front page of Asian edition of TIME magazine.
In 2014, he has been awarded with Indian of the year by CNN-IBN.
In 2014, 2015 and 2017, he has been in the list of 100 most influential world leader by Times.
In 2014 and 2016, he has been awarded with person of the year by times.
In 2014, he was ranked at 15th position for world most powerful leader. In 2015, 2018, he was ranked at 9th position for world most powerful leader by FORBES magazine.
He is the second most followed politician on twitter and Facebook.
He is ranked 13th as most influential person in the world by Bloomberg Markets magazine.
His victory for second term is also displayed on ADNOC building, Abu Dhabi, UAE on 12 august 2019.
He has also got a chance to come in discovery channel's show Man vs Wild. The show was displayed in around 180 countries including India. Narendra Modi is the second leader to get a chance to come in Man vs Wild after Barack Obama.
He was awarded with UN champion of Earth award.
He has also been awarded with awards including highest civilian award of any country by several countries like Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Palestine, UAE, Russia, Maldives, Bahrain.

UNIQUENESS IN NARENDRA MODI

Narendra Modi organizes 'Mann Ki Batt' to interact casually with citizens and talk about important affairs with respect to country. It started from 3 October 2014. Till then, there have been 65 episodes. It is broadcasted on All India Radio, DD National, DD News.
Narendra Modi believes in slogan 'NO VIP, ONLY EPI'. EPI means Every Person is Important.
On the day of counting or before initiating any new thing in his life, he always take blessing from his mother.
On the visit to USA in September 2015, he interacted with CEO's with big multinational companies to promote technology in India.
While serving as Prime Minister of India, world's largest statue named as 'STATUE OF UNITY' was build.
In 2016, Narendra Modi's Wax statue was placed in Madame Tussauds museum in London.
While inaugurating project for dam on 30th August 2016, he saved a DD National's journalist. With his alertness he waved his hand for journalist far away from him to move away from a dangerous position.
He has also given hand to journalist who fell down on floor.

FAVOURITES OF NARENDRA MODI:

FAVOURITE MOVIE: Narendra Modi was really motivated by the film 'GUIDE' released in 1965 based on RK Narayan.
FAVOURITE SONG: His favourite song is from film 'JAICHITTOR' released in 1961. The song was sung by Lata Mangeshkar, "ho pavan veg se udne wale ghode".
Narendra Modi is very good writer an sometimes write poems.
He also believes in Yoga and Ayurveda.
He wakes up early in the morning and very particular with his schedule.
He is also very active on social Media platforms.

BELIEF OF NARENDRA MODI:

Narendra Modi believe in the slogan "SABKA SAATH, SABKA VIKAAS, SABKA VISHWAAS".

It means with everybody's cooperation there will be development and there will be trust in all.