<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7312648898263876728</id><updated>2016-11-07T00:16:55.325-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Investigación de Operaciones II</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>walter</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02401045987290817616</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3XxmaVSEn_U/TWrnNKERWqI/AAAAAAAAABs/vc_mfac91_0/s220/WAL.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>8</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7312648898263876728.post-5575246856395885750</id><published>2011-06-03T14:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-10-30T09:36:17.632-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TEORÍA DE DECISIONES</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;TEORÍA DE DECISIONES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J-bJiXzjpfo/WBYeamUBLcI/AAAAAAAAD_s/tNjkFUzjwMAuMW2-_C3nN0jw5qr0_1scACLcB/s1600/deciciones%2B%2B1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J-bJiXzjpfo/WBYeamUBLcI/AAAAAAAAD_s/tNjkFUzjwMAuMW2-_C3nN0jw5qr0_1scACLcB/s1600/deciciones%2B%2B1.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;DEFINICIÓN&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Una decisión es una elección consciente y racional, orientada a conseguir un objetivo, que se realiza entre diversas posibilidades de actuación (o alternativas). Antes de tomar una decisión deberemos calcular cual será el resultado de escoger una alternativa. En función de las consecuencias previsibles para cada alternativa se tomará la decisión. Así, los elementos que constituyen la estructura de la decisión son: los objetivos de quién decide y las restricciones para conseguirlos; las alternativas posibles y potenciales; las consecuencias de cada alternativa; el escenario en el que se toma la decisión y las preferencias de quien decide.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;MÉTODOS Y MODELOS PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Existen diversas situaciones en las que deben tomarse decisiones empresariales: situaciones de certeza, incertidumbre y riesgo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Decisiones en situación de certeza&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Una situación de certeza es aquella en la que un sujeto tiene información completa sobre una situación determinada, sobre cómo evolucionará y conoce el resultado de su decisión. Ej: decisiones sobre compras cuando se conoce la demanda, de distribución de personal cuando se conoce el coste por persona y operación, etc. La toma de decisiones en un marco de certeza no implica dificultad alguna, más allá de las relacionadas con la gestión empresarial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Decisiones en situación de riesgo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;Son situaciones en la que los datos se describen mediante distribuciones de probabilidad. Se enfrentan a situaciones en donde se corre un riesgo al tomar una decisión.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En este tipo de situaciones conocemos la probabilidad de que ocurra cada situación. Se&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;trata de analizar beneficios y pérdidas ponderados por las probabilidades de que&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;sucedan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Decisiones en situación de incertidumbre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Una situación de incertidumbre es aquella en la que un sujeto toma la decisión sin conocer del todo la situación y existen varios resultados para cada estrategia. Pueden ser decisiones no competitivas y competitivas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Decisiones no competitivas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En las decisiones no competitivas nadie se opone a la estrategia del sujeto que decide.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ej: vendedores de periódicos (se quiere conocer la cantidad a adquirir de acuerdo con las ventas). Para decidir existen una serie de criterios de elección:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Maximin, pesimista o Wald&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Máximax, optimista o Hurwicz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Coeficiente de optimismo-pesimismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Razón suficiente o Laplace&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Mínimax, coste de oportunidad o Savage&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a) El criterio &lt;i&gt;maximin &lt;/i&gt;supone maximizar el resultado mínimo, es decir el decisor quiere asegurarse la elección mejor en caso que se dé la situación más desfavorable. Es pesimista. Es útil en situaciones muy inciertas, si quieren evitarse riesgos o si existe conflicto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;b) El criterio &lt;i&gt;maximax &lt;/i&gt;consiste en maximizar el máximo; escoger el resultado máximo entre los mejores de cada alternativa. El decisor es optimista.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;c) El criterio del &lt;i&gt;coeficiente de optimismo-pesimismo &lt;/i&gt;se sitúa entre los dos anteriores. Partimos de un grado de optimismo y de pesimismo relacionados del siguiente modo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Coeficiente de optimismo= p; coeficiente de pesimismo= (1-p)= q; donde p+q= 1 y 0&amp;lt;p&amp;lt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dentro de la misma alternativa o estrategia consideraremos el resultado mayor de cada alternativa como p mientras que el resultado menor será q. Se escoge el mayor tras ponderar los resultados esperados por los coeficientes de optimismo y pesimismo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;d) El criterio del &lt;i&gt;principio de razón suficiente &lt;/i&gt;espera que todas las situaciones de futuro tendrán la misma probabilidad de suceder. Ante esta situación se elige el resultado medio más elevado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;e) El criterio &lt;i&gt;minimax &lt;/i&gt;plantea elegir en función de lo que se dejará de ganar. Por tanto, en primer lugar debe calcularse el máximo coste de oportunidad de cualquier opción y, en segundo lugar, elegir el menor de ellos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;EJEMPLO:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Supongamos que una empresa quiere realizar una campaña publicitaria. Se le presentan 3 posibilidades: radio (15 minutos de lunes a jueves en un espacio), TV (1 spot cada semana sobre las 12h) y prensa (1 anuncio 2 días a la semana los lunes y los jueves). Como han hecho campañas anteriormente se han podido valorar los resultados de las diferentes posibilidades del siguiente modo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; DEMANDA ALTA &amp;nbsp; DEMANDA MEDIA &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;DEMANDA BAJA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;RADIO &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;100 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 40 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T.V. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 80 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;20 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 5&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PRENSA &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;90 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;35 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 25&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ej: si la demanda de mercado se mantiene alta, la campaña publicitaria en la radio garantiza los mejores resultados. Si la demanda de mercado se mantiene baja, la campaña publicitaria que garantiza los mejores resultados es la prensa. ¿Qué medio de comunicación elegiríais?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a) El pesimista adoptará el MAXIMIN, es decir, escoger el mejor resultado de entre la peor situación. El peor escenario (o peor situación) es que la demanda sea baja. El mejor resultado en el peor escenario es: PRENSA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;b) El optimista adoptará el criterio MAXIMAX, el mejor de los mejores. El mejor escenario es la demanda alta. El mejor de los mejores es: RADIO.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;c) Puede escogerse una situación intermedia entre optimismo y pesimismo (CRITERIO OPTIMISMO-PESIMISMO). Debe suponerse un determinado grado de optimismo&amp;nbsp;(p). Si suponemos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;p= 60% = 0,6 ; q=0,4:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Radio : p * max + q * min = 100 * 0,6 + 20 * 0,4 = 68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;T.V. : p * max + q * min = 80 * 0,6 + 5 * 0,4 = 50&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Prensa: p * max + q * min = 90 * 0,6 + 25 * 0,4 = 64&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Escogerá la RADIO, al ser el resultado mayor de entre las distintas alternativas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;d) Si creemos que todas las situaciones tienen la misma posibilidad de suceder se escogerá el resultado medio más elevado (LAPLACE).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Resultado medio radio = (100+40+20)/3 = 53,3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Resultado medio TV = (80+20+5)/3 = 35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Resultado medio prensa = (90+35+25)/3= 50.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Escogerá RADIO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;e) Con el MINIMAX se escoge el mínimo de los máximos costes de oportunidad posibles.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Calculamos la matriz de costes de oportunidad:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;DEM. ALTA &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; DEM. MEDIA &amp;nbsp;DEM. BAJA &amp;nbsp; Máx. Coste de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Oportunidad&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Radio &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 5 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;5&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T.V. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 20 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 20 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 20 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;20&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Prensa &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;10 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 5 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;10&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Elegirá el mínimo de los máximos costes de oportunidad: RADIO.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En resumen:&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Maximin &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Maximax &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Laplace &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Optim-pesim &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Minimax&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Radio &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; X &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; X &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; X &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;X&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T.V. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Prensa &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;X &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Se escogerá realizar la campaña publicitaria por la RADIO.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Aquí les dejo otro ejemplo de teoría de decisiones: &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.scribd.com/doc/57045012&quot;&gt;EJEMPLO_2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/feeds/5575246856395885750/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/06/teoria-de-decisiones.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/5575246856395885750'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/5575246856395885750'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/06/teoria-de-decisiones.html' title='TEORÍA DE DECISIONES'/><author><name>walter</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02401045987290817616</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3XxmaVSEn_U/TWrnNKERWqI/AAAAAAAAABs/vc_mfac91_0/s220/WAL.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J-bJiXzjpfo/WBYeamUBLcI/AAAAAAAAD_s/tNjkFUzjwMAuMW2-_C3nN0jw5qr0_1scACLcB/s72-c/deciciones%2B%2B1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7312648898263876728.post-2458943173857680608</id><published>2011-06-03T12:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-10-30T09:55:19.069-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TEORÍA DE JUEGOS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TEORÍA DE JUEGOS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HPjDLFGuUMs/WBYjsK2skjI/AAAAAAAAD_8/Lk6vxlGWcusMC8UbOw1IWZfO70r3-WwnwCLcB/s1600/150220163003_juegos_naipes.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;179&quot; src=&quot;https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HPjDLFGuUMs/WBYjsK2skjI/AAAAAAAAD_8/Lk6vxlGWcusMC8UbOw1IWZfO70r3-WwnwCLcB/s320/150220163003_juegos_naipes.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La Teoría de Juegos se desarrollo con el simple hecho de que un individuo se relacione con otro u otros. Hoy en día se enfrenta cotidianamente a esta teoría, en cualquier momento. Para el hombre la importancia que representa la Teoría de Juegos es evidente, pues a diario se enfrenta a múltiples situaciones que son juegos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Actualmente la Teoría de Juegos se ocupa sobre todo de que ocurre cuando los hombres se relacionan de forma racional, es decir, cuando los individuos se interrelacionan utilizando el raciocinio. Sin embargo, la Teoría de Juegos tiene todas las respuestas a los todos problemas del mundo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;¿QUÉ ES LA TEORÍA DE JUEGOS?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La Teoría de Juegos consiste en razonamientos circulares, los cuales no pueden ser evitados al considerar cuestiones estratégicas. Por naturaleza, a los humanos no se les va muy bien al pensar sobre los problemas de las relaciones estratégicas, pues generalmente la solución es la lógica a la inversa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En la Teoría de Juegos la intuición no es muy fiable en situaciones estratégicas, razón por la que se debe entrenar tomando en consideración ejemplos instructivos, sin necesidad que los mismos sean reales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El principal objetivo de la teoría de los juegos es determinar los papeles de conducta racional en situaciones de &quot;juego&quot; en las que los resultados son condicionales a las acciones de jugadores interdependientes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un juego es cualquier situación en la cual compiten dos o más jugadores. El Ajedrez y el Póker son buenos ejemplos, pero también lo son el duopolio y el oligopolio en los negocios. La extensión con que un jugador alcanza sus objetivos en un juego depende del azar, de sus recursos físicos y mentales y de los de sus rivales, de las reglas del juego y de los cursos de acciones que siguen los jugadores individuales, es decir, sus estrategias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Una estrategia es una especificación de la acción que ha de emprender un jugador en cada contingencia posible del juego.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Se supone que, en un juego, todos los jugadores son racionales, inteligentes y están bien informados. En particular, se supone que cada jugador conoce todo el conjunto de estrategias existentes, no solo para él, sino también para sus rivales, y que cada jugador conoce los resultados de todas las combinaciones posibles de las estrategias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La teoría de juegos está básicamente ligada a las matemáticas, ya que es principalmente una categoría de matemáticas aplicadas, aunque los analistas de juegos utilizan asiduamente otras áreas de esta ciencia, en particular las probabilidades, la estadística y la programación lineal en conjunto con la teoría de juegos. Pero la mayoría de la investigación fundamental es desempeñada por especialistas en otras materias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esta teoría tiene aplicaciones en numerosas áreas, como las ciencias políticas o la estrategia militar, que fomentó algunos de los primeros desarrollos de esta teoría. La biología evolutiva, donde se ha utilizado ampliamente para comprender y predecir ciertos resultados de la evolución, como el concepto de estrategia evolutiva estable introducido por John Maynard Smith; o la psicología, donde puede utilizarse para analizar juegos de simple diversión o aspectos más importantes de la vida y la sociedad también son claros ejemplos de aplicaciones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pero sin duda, su principal aplicación la encontramos en las ciencias económicas porque intenta encontrar estrategias racionales en situaciones donde el resultado depende no solamente de la estrategia de un participante y de las condiciones del mercado, sino también de las estrategias elegidas por otros jugadores, con objetivos distintos o coincidentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En esta ciencia se ha evolucionado notablemente, ya que a partir de los instrumentos proporcionados por Von Neumann y Morgenstern se comenzó a progresar en el conocimiento de la competencia imperfecta, porque hasta entonces solo tenían explicación “juegos” particularmente simples, como el monopolio o la competencia perfecta, ya que el monopolio puede ser tratado como un juego con un único jugador, y la competencia perfecta puede ser entendida teniendo en cuenta un número infinito de jugadores, de manera que cada agente individual no puede tener un efecto sobre agregados de mercado si actúa individualmente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La teoría de juegos ha venido desempeñando, en los últimos tiempos, un papel cada vez mayor en los campos de lógica y ciencias informáticas. Varias teorías de lógica se basan en la semántica propia a los juegos, e informáticos ya han utilizado juegos para representar computaciones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ORIGEN DE LA TEORÍA DE JUEGOS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La Teoría de Juegos fue creada por Von Neumann y Morgenstern, y descriptas en su libro clásico The Theory of Games Behavior, publicado en 1944. Otros habían anticipado algunas ideas. Los economistas Cournot y Edgeworth fueron particularmente innovadores en el siglo XIX. Otras contribuciones posteriores mencionadas fueron hechas por los matemáticos Borel y Zermelo. El mismo Von Neumann ya había puesto los fundamentos en el artículo publicado en 1928. Sin embargo, no fue hasta que apareció el libro de Von Neumann y Morgenstern que el mundo comprendió cuán potente era el instrumento descubierto para estudiar las relaciones humanas. Von Neumann y Morgenstern investigaron dos planteamientos distintos de la Teoría de Juegos. El primero de ellos el planteamiento estratégico o no cooperativo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Von Neumann y Morgenstern resolvieron este problema en el caso particular de juegos con dos jugadores cuyos intereses son diametralmente opuestos. A estos juegos se les llama estrictamente competitivos, o de suma cero, porque cualquier ganancia para un jugador siempre se equilibra exactamente por una pérdida correspondiente para el otro jugador. El ajedrez, el backgammon y el póquer son juegos tratados habitualmente como juegos de suma cero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En el segundo de ellos desarrollaron el planteamiento coalicional o cooperativo, en el que buscaron describir la conducta óptima en juegos con muchos jugadores.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Puesto que éste es un problema mucho más difícil, no es de sorprender que sus resultados fueran mucho menos precisos que los alcanzados para el caso de suma cero y dos jugadores. En particular, Von Neumann abandono todo intento de especificar estrategias óptimas para jugadores individuales. En lugar de ello se propuso clasificar los modelos de formación de coaliciones que son consistentes con conductas racionales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCEPTOS BÁSICOS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;JUEGOS BIPERSONALES DE SUMA CERO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En un&amp;nbsp;juego bipersonal de suma cero, cada uno de dos jugadores tiene que escoger entre unas&amp;nbsp;acciones dictadas a cada turno, y la pérdida de cada jugador es igual al beneficio del su contrincante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;MATRIZ DE PAGO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La&amp;nbsp;matriz de pagos&amp;nbsp;de un juego bipersonal de suma cero tiene reglones etiquetados por las acciones del &quot;jugador renglón&quot; y columnas etiquetadas por las acciones del su contrincante, el &quot;jugador columna.&quot; La entrada&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;ij&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;de la matriz es el&amp;nbsp;pago&amp;nbsp;que gana el jugador&amp;nbsp;renglón&amp;nbsp;en caso de que el jugador renglón usa acción&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;y el jugador columna usa acción&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;j&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ESTRATEGIA MIXTA, VALOR ESPERADO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un jugador usa una&amp;nbsp;estrategia pura&amp;nbsp;si usa la misma acción a cada turno del juego. El jugador usa una estrategia mixta&amp;nbsp;si en cada turno escoge al azar una acción para que cada acción se esté usando una fracción determinada del tiempo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Representamos una estrategia mixta (o pura) del jugador reglón por una matriz con un solo renglón (vector probabilidad):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;= [&lt;i&gt;a &amp;nbsp; b &amp;nbsp; c &amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;. . . ]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Con lo mismo número de entradas que renglones, y en cual cada entrada representa la fracción de tiempo que está usada la correspondiente acción (o la probabilidad de usar aquel acción) y donde&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ . . . = 1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Una estrategia mixta para el jugador renglón se represente por un vector probabilidad similar, pero en forma de columna&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;. Para ambos jugadores, estrategias puras son representadas por vectores probabilidad con un solo 1 y el resto de las entradas 0.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;VALOR ESPERADO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El&amp;nbsp;valor esperado&amp;nbsp;del juego con matriz de pagos&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;que resulta por las estrategias mixtas&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;es dado por&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;e = RPC&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El valor esperado del juego es el pago promedio por turno si cada jugador usa su estrategia mixta especificada por&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;después de un gran número de turnos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CRITERIO MINIMAX, PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES DE LA TEORÍA DE JUEGOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CRITERIO MINIMAX&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un jugador quien usa el&amp;nbsp;criterio minimax&amp;nbsp;escoge una estrategia que, entre todas las estrategias posibles, minimiza el daño de la mejor contra-estrategia del otro jugador. Es decir, una estrategia óptima según el criterio minimax es una que minimiza el daño máximo que puede hacer el contrincante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Encontrar la estrategia se llama&amp;nbsp;solucionar el juego.&amp;nbsp;La&amp;nbsp;tercera parte del tutorial para esta tema&amp;nbsp;muestra un método gráficamente para solucionar juegos 2×2. Para juegos generales, se puede usar el método simplex. Sin embargo, se puede frecuentemente simplificar un juego y a veces solucionarlo por &quot;reducir por predominio&quot; y/o comprobar si es &quot;estrictamente determinado&quot; (vea más abajo).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES DE LA TEORÍA DE JUEGOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cuando analizamos cualquier juego, hacemos los siguientes supuestos acerca de los dos jugadores:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0cm;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cada jugador hace la acción mejor      posible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Cada jugador sabe que su contrincante      está también haciendo la acción mejor posible.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PUNTO DE SILLA, JUEGO ESTRICTAMENTE DETERMINADO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un&amp;nbsp;punto de silla&amp;nbsp;es un pago que es simultáneamente un mínimo de su renglón y un máximo de su columna. Para encontrar puntos de silla, Encierre en círculo los mínimos de todos los renglones y meta en caja las máximas de todas las columnas. Los puntos de silla son aquellas entradas que son simultáneamente en círculo y en caja.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un juego es&amp;nbsp;estrictamente determinado&amp;nbsp;si tiene por lo menos uno punto de silla. Las siguientes declaraciones se aplican a los juegos estrictamente determinados:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0cm;&quot; type=&quot;A&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Todos los puntos de silla en un      juego tienen los mismos valores de pago.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Elegir el renglón y la columna que      pasan por cualquier punto de silla de estrategias minimax para ambos      jugadores. Es decir,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;el juego es solucionado por el uso de estas      estrategias puras.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El&amp;nbsp;valor&amp;nbsp;de un juego estrictamente determinado es el valor del punto de silla. Un juego&amp;nbsp;justo&amp;nbsp;tiene un valor igual a cero, si no, es&amp;nbsp;injusto&amp;nbsp;o&amp;nbsp;parcial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;ESTRATEGIA ALEATORIA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Es aquella en donde el jugador renglón elige un renglón al azar, de acuerdo con cierta distribución de probabilidad. Por ejemplo, el jugador renglón podría la siguiente distribución de probabilidad:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 125.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;167&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;RESULTADO&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 125.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;167&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;PROBABILIDAD&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 125.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;167&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Renglón1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 125.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;167&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;2/3&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 125.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;167&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Renglón 2&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 125.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;167&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;1/3&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Si el jugador renglón utiliza esta distribución de forma predecible, como cuando selecciona repetidamente el renglón 1 dos veces y luego el renglón 2 una vez, el jugador columna podría descubrir la estrategia de responder con el fin de reducir al mínimo su eficacia. Por lo tanto, el jugador renglón debe emplear algún dispositivo aleatorio, como la rueda giratoria que se mostro anteriormente (ruleta de pueblo), con el cual elegiría 1&amp;nbsp; dos terceras partes del tiempo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los juegos de punta de silla están estrictamente determinados; es decir, los jugadores adoptan estrategias puras, y el curso del juego se determina por adelantado (suponiendo que los jugadores son agresivos y capaces). Los juegos sin punto de silla no están estrictamente determinados; si un jugador emplea una estrategia aleatoria, el curso del juego estará sujeto al azar, y todo puede suceder. No hay valor fijo para el juego; solo hay un valor muy probable o esperado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;JUEGOS NO ESTRICTAMENTE DETERMINADOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esta clase de juegos tiene más de una alternativa de juego por la que&amp;nbsp;los jugadores&amp;nbsp;podrían&amp;nbsp;ganar, por lo que no están obligados a siempre jugar con la misma estrategia, no presentan un punto silla por que el número menor de todos los máximos de las columnas no es igual al número mayor de los menores de los renglones, dando como resultado un juego no estrictamente determinado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;EJEMPLO:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Formulación de juegos de dos personas con suma cero&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para ilustrar las características básicas de un modelo de teoría de juegos, considérese el juego llamado &lt;i&gt;pares y nones. &lt;/i&gt;Éste consiste nada más en que los dos jugadores muestran al mismo tiempo uno o dos dedos. Si el número de dedos coincide, el jugador que apuesta a pares (por ejemplo, el jugador 1) gana la apuesta (digamos $l) al jugador que va por nones (jugador II). Si el número no coincide, el jugador 1 paga $l al jugador II.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Entonces, cada jugador tiene dos &lt;i&gt;estrategias: &lt;/i&gt;mostrar uno o dos dedos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En general, un juego de dos personas se caracteriza por:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1. Las estrategias del jugador I.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. &lt;/b&gt;Las estrategias del jugador II.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. &lt;/b&gt;La matriz de pagos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Antes de iniciar el juego, cada jugador conoce las estrategias de que dispone, las que tiene su oponente y la matriz de pagos. Una jugada real en el juego consiste en que los dos jugadores elijan al mismo tiempo una estrategia sin saber cuál es la elección de su oponente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Una estrategia puede constituir una acción sencilla, como mostrar un número par o non de dedos en el juego de pares y nones. Por otro lado, en juegos más complicados que llevan en sí una serie de movimientos, una estrategia&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;es una regla predeterminada que especifica por completo cómo se intenta responder a cada circunstancia posible en cada etapa del juego. Por ejemplo, una estrategia de un jugador de ajedrez indica cómo hacer el siguiente movimiento para todas las posiciones posibles en el tablero, de manera que el número total de estrategias posibles sería astronómico. Las aplicaciones de la teoría de juegos involucran situaciones competitivas mucho menos complicadas que el ajedrez pero las estrategias que se manejan pueden llegar a ser bastante complejas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por lo general, la matriz de pagos&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;muestra la ganancia (positiva o negativa) que resultaría con cada combinación de estrategias para el jugador 1. Se da de esta manera, ya que la matriz del jugador II es el negativo de ésta, debido a la naturaleza de la suma cero del juego.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los elementos de la matriz pueden tener cualquier tipo de unidades, como dólares, siempre que representen con exactitud la utilidad del jugador 1 en el resultado correspondiente. Debe hacerse hincapié en que la utilidad no necesariamente es proporcional a la cantidad de dinero (o cualquier otro bien) cuando se manejan cantidades grandes. Por ejemplo, para una persona pobre $2 millones (después de impuestos) tal vez vale mucho más que el doble de $1 millón. En otras palabras, si a una persona se le da a elegir entre: 1) recibir, con el 50% de posibilidades, $2 millones en lugar de nada y 2) recibir $1 millón con seguridad, ese individuo tal vez prefiriera este último. Por otro lado, el resultado que corresponde a un elemento 2 en una matriz de pagos debe &quot;valer el doble&quot; para el jugador 1 que el resultado correspondiente a un elemento 1. Así, dada la elección, debe serle indiferente un 50% de posibilidades de recibir el primer resultado (en lugar de nada) y recibir en definitiva el último resultado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un objetivo primordial de la teoría de juegos es establecer criterios racionales para seleccionar una estrategia, los cuales implican dos suposiciones importantes:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1. Ambos jugadores son racionales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2. Ambos jugadores eligen sus estrategias sólo para promover su propio bienestar (sin compasión para el oponente).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La teoría de juegos se contrapone al análisis de decisión, en donde se hace la suposición de que el tomador de decisiones está jugando un juego contra un oponente pasivo, la naturaleza, que elige sus estrategias de alguna manera aleatoria.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Se desarrollará el criterio estándar de teoría de juegos para elegir las estrategias mediante ejemplos ilustrativos. En particular, a continuación se presenta un ejemplo prototipo que ilustra la formulación de un juego y su solución en algunas situaciones sencillas. Después se desarrollará una variación más complicada de este juego para obtener un criterio más general.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para ampliación de la información,&amp;nbsp;véase:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frm.utn.edu.ar/ioperativa/TJuegos.pdf&quot;&gt;TEORÍA DE JUEGOS I&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ecpunr.com.ar/Docs/Teoria_de_Juegos%20II.pdf&quot;&gt;TEORÍA DE JUEGOS II&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/feeds/2458943173857680608/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/06/teoria-de-juegos.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/2458943173857680608'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/2458943173857680608'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/06/teoria-de-juegos.html' title='TEORÍA DE JUEGOS'/><author><name>walter</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02401045987290817616</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3XxmaVSEn_U/TWrnNKERWqI/AAAAAAAAABs/vc_mfac91_0/s220/WAL.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HPjDLFGuUMs/WBYjsK2skjI/AAAAAAAAD_8/Lk6vxlGWcusMC8UbOw1IWZfO70r3-WwnwCLcB/s72-c/150220163003_juegos_naipes.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7312648898263876728.post-7979532492990469928</id><published>2011-06-02T17:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-10-30T10:21:00.518-07:00</updated><title type='text'>INVENTARIOS, CLASIFICACIÓN ABC</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;REGLAS DE LOS INVENTARIOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Toda entrada y salida de inventario debe ser debidamente documentada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Todo ítem debe estar debidamente codificado. (código de ubicación y localización).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En cuanto sea posible todos los ítems deben estar guardados en el mismo lugar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nunca jamás recibir comisiones de un proveedor (código de ética).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En cuanto sea posible el lugar físico donde se realiza la recepción de materiales debe ser diferente al lugar de salida de los mismos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los ítems de mayor peso deben ser almacenados de abajo hacia arriba y de mayor a menor peso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ningún miembro del equipo del almacén se puede ir hasta que no haya un conteo físico de los ítems que tuvieron movimiento en el día.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Se deben contar los mismos ítems con tres auditores y se consignan los dos resultados iguales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En un lugar más lejano de cualquier otro lugar debe haber un extintor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los reportes de inventarios deben estar como máximo 3 días después del inventario.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-w_HxGrNvtDc/WBYnVs4z-3I/AAAAAAAAEAE/XG8af5upvv4qhzIyUBbXgBx4t09DcK2nQCLcB/s1600/INVENTARIO.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-w_HxGrNvtDc/WBYnVs4z-3I/AAAAAAAAEAE/XG8af5upvv4qhzIyUBbXgBx4t09DcK2nQCLcB/s320/INVENTARIO.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un conjunto pequeño de ítems concentran el costo mayor en el total de los inventarios.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Este es el principio de Paretto aplicado a los inventarios, es decir, existen prioridades en inventario.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CLASIFICACIÓN&amp;nbsp;ABC&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un aspecto importante para el análisis y la administración de un inventario es determinar qué artículos representan la mayor parte del valor del mismo - midiéndose su uso en dinero - y si justifican su consecuente inmovilización monetaria.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estos artículos no son necesariamente ni los de mayor precio unitario, ni los que se consumen en mayor proporción, sino aquellos cuyas valorizaciones (precio unitario x consumo o demanda) constituyen % elevados dentro del valor del inventario total.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Generalmente sucede que, aproximadamente el 20% del total de los artículos, representan un 80% del valor del inventario, mientras que el restante 80% del total de los artículos inventariados, alcanza el 20% del valor del inventario total.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El gráfico ABC (o regla del 80/20 o ley del menos significativo) es una herramienta que permite visualizar esta relación y determinar, en forma simple, cuáles artículos son de mayor valor, optimizando así la administración de los recursos de inventario y permitiendo tomas de decisiones más eficientes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Según este método, se clasifican los artículos en clases, generalmente en tres (A, B o C), permitiendo dar un orden de prioridades a los distintos productos:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ARTICULOS A: Los más importantes a los efectos del control.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ARTICULOS B: Aquellos artículos de importancia secundaria.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ARTICULOS C: Los de importancia reducida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La designación de las tres clases es arbitraria, pudiendo existir cualquier número de clases. También el % exacto de artículos de cada clase varía de un inventario al siguiente. Los factores más importantes son los dos extremos: unos pocos artículos significativos y un gran número de artículos de relativa importancia. Esta relación empírica formulada por Vilfredo Paretto, ha demostrado ser una herramienta muy útil y sencilla de aplicar a la gestión empresaria. Permite concentrar la atención y los esfuerzos sobre las causas más importantes de lo que se quiere controlar y mejorar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El método o gráfico ABC puede ser aplicado a:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Las ventas de la empresa y los clientes con los que se efectúan las mismas (optimización de pedidos).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• El valor de los stocks y el número de ítems de los almacenes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Los costos y sus componentes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;Los beneficios de la empresa y los artículos que los producen (determinar aquellos productos que, teniendo una alta penetración en el mercado -facturación-, disponen de baja rentabilidad; detectar por prioridades aquellos productos que, teniendo una baja penetración- comercialización- disponen de alta rentabilidad).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ejemplo de aplicación&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; A continuación se desarrollará un ejemplo que permitirá visualizar cómo se determinan las tres zonas (A-B-C) en un inventario constituido por 20 artículos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4i-X68WZPO0/WBYptjxlf3I/AAAAAAAAEAM/TzrQn4Ijdo89BwNZMIoPJFBecyCiInIwgCLcB/s1600/Sin%2Bt%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4i-X68WZPO0/WBYptjxlf3I/AAAAAAAAEAM/TzrQn4Ijdo89BwNZMIoPJFBecyCiInIwgCLcB/s320/Sin%2Bt%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg&quot; width=&quot;229&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Resolución&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. &lt;/b&gt;Se debe determinar la participación monetaria de cada artículo en el valor total del inventario. Para ello se debe construir una tabla de acuerdo a lo siguiente:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Columna nº 1: Corresponde al nº de artículo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Columna nº 2: Los porcentajes de participación de cada artículo en la cantidad total de artículos. Para nuestro ejemplo, como tenemos un inventario constituido por 20 artículos, cada artículo representa el 5% dentro del total (100%/ 20 art.= 5%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Columna nº 3: Representa la valorización de cada artículo. Para obtenerla, multiplicamos su precio unitario por su consumo. Al pie de la columna obtenemos el valor de nuestro inventario de los 20 artículos.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Columna nº 4: Nos muestra el % que representa cada una de las valorizaciones en el valor total del inventario.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Wgla2FbqJDw/WBYqsEFsm6I/AAAAAAAAEAQ/XiiDgzktLMwuT1bCj7BUpx_8ca1eTK7zQCLcB/s1600/Sin%2Bt%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Wgla2FbqJDw/WBYqsEFsm6I/AAAAAAAAEAQ/XiiDgzktLMwuT1bCj7BUpx_8ca1eTK7zQCLcB/s400/Sin%2Bt%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg&quot; width=&quot;346&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;3. &amp;nbsp;Ahora se deben reordenar las columnas 1 y 4, tomando las participaciones de cada artículo en sentido decreciente, lo que dará origen a la tabla nº 3:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4P4bPziZ0x8/WBYrKiG11VI/AAAAAAAAEAU/DTksBgrtslk3kEUrSKLh4hWYdyw2X2cjwCLcB/s1600/Sin%2Bt%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;480&quot; src=&quot;https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4P4bPziZ0x8/WBYrKiG11VI/AAAAAAAAEAU/DTksBgrtslk3kEUrSKLh4hWYdyw2X2cjwCLcB/s640/Sin%2Bt%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;4. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Trazado de la gráfica y determinación de zonas ABC:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q0jJavBq6Xs/WBYrgYlDmLI/AAAAAAAAEAY/UB19JD9Dxyk2sQHBLBV-r5axZAyIsTIXwCLcB/s1600/Sin%2Bt%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;381&quot; src=&quot;https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q0jJavBq6Xs/WBYrgYlDmLI/AAAAAAAAEAY/UB19JD9Dxyk2sQHBLBV-r5axZAyIsTIXwCLcB/s400/Sin%2Bt%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;A partir de los datos de la tabla 3 y la gráfica se puede observar que unos pocos artículos son los de mayor valorización. Si solo se controlaran estrictamente los tres primeros, se estaría controlando aproximadamente el 60% del valor del inventario. Asignamos la zona A para estos artículos. Controlando también los art. 3, 6 y 11, se estaría controlando, en forma aproximada, el 82% del valor del inventario. (Zona B)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Se ve claramente en la gráfica que el 15% del inventario justifica el 60% del valor, mientras que el 30% del mismo justifica el 82% de dicho valor; a su vez, el 70% del inventario justifica el 18% del valor. Si se tiene en cuenta los costos de mantenimiento y de control de estos últimos, se llega a la conclusión que no es necesario controlarlos estrictamente, ya que son de poca valorización, y que debe mantenerse el mínimo stock posible de los mismos.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.scribd.com/doc/56987270&quot;&gt;EJERCICIO DE CLASIFICACIÓN ABC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/feeds/7979532492990469928/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/06/inventarios-clasificacion-abc.html#comment-form' title='2 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/7979532492990469928'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/7979532492990469928'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/06/inventarios-clasificacion-abc.html' title='INVENTARIOS, CLASIFICACIÓN ABC'/><author><name>walter</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02401045987290817616</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3XxmaVSEn_U/TWrnNKERWqI/AAAAAAAAABs/vc_mfac91_0/s220/WAL.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-w_HxGrNvtDc/WBYnVs4z-3I/AAAAAAAAEAE/XG8af5upvv4qhzIyUBbXgBx4t09DcK2nQCLcB/s72-c/INVENTARIO.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7312648898263876728.post-5330263950051064076</id><published>2011-03-18T20:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-02T15:36:32.719-07:00</updated><title type='text'>MODELO EOQ CON DESCUENTOS POR CANTIDADES</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El&amp;nbsp;modelo&amp;nbsp;EOQ con descuentos por cantidad es una extensión del&amp;nbsp;modelo&amp;nbsp;básico de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;EOQ&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;revisado en la sección anterior y mantiene sus supuestos. Se asume que el&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;costo de adquisición&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;(Cp)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;disminuye en la medida que aumenta el tamaño de&amp;nbsp;lote. Adicionalmente se considera que el&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;costo de almacenar una unidad en inventario es un porcentaje (I) del costo de adquisición&lt;/b&gt;. Por tanto la fórmula a utilizar es:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-czvRRV-XRos/TYQX9dkdp6I/AAAAAAAAAEE/K-Mf0Ph84GA/s1600/3.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-czvRRV-XRos/TYQX9dkdp6I/AAAAAAAAAEE/K-Mf0Ph84GA/s1600/3.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Donde:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Cmi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; = porcentaje (I)*costo unitario (Cu) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Al existir un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ilad&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;descuento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;por cantidad o volumen de compra se genera un incentivo a pedir lotes de un mayor tamaño, sin embargo, esto a la vez incrementa el costo de mantener unidades en inventario. Por tanto se busca determinar la cantidad óptima a pedir para cada nivel o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;quiebre de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ilad&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;precios&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;, analizar si dicho tamaño de pedido es factible, ajustar el tamaño de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;lote&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;si es necesario y finalmente comparar las distintas alternativas para ver cuál de ellas provee el menor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;estilo1&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Costo Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;el cual está definido por la siguiente expresión:&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-lal0YhpOP_Y/TYQYwMJpQ8I/AAAAAAAAAEI/pj37QHoLziY/s1600/2.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;70&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-lal0YhpOP_Y/TYQYwMJpQ8I/AAAAAAAAAEI/pj37QHoLziY/s400/2.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para ilustrar mejor estas definiciones, aplicaremos el modelo a un ejemplo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Un proveedor le ofrece la siguiente tabla de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;descuento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;para la adquisición de su principal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;producto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;, cuya demanda anual usted ha estimado en 5.000 unidades. El costo de emitir una orden de pedido es de $49 y adicionalmente se ha estimado que el costo anual de almacenar una unidad en inventario es un 20% del costo de adquisición del&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;producto. ¿Cuál es la cantidad de la orden que minimiza el costo total del inventario?&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 187.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;250&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Tamaño del&amp;nbsp;Lote&amp;nbsp;(Unidades)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 98.25pt;&quot; width=&quot;131&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Descuento&amp;nbsp;(%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 171.75pt;&quot; width=&quot;229&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Valor del&amp;nbsp;Producto&amp;nbsp;($/Unidad)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;0 a 999&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;0%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;1.000 a 1999&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;4%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;4,8&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;2.000 o más&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;5%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;4,75&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Para dar respuesta a esta situación se propone seguir los siguientes pasos:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;PASO 1:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Determinar el tamaño óptimo de pedido (Q*) para cada nivel o quiebre de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;precios.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-ZzRPHsDm5WE/TYQZyKpACGI/AAAAAAAAAEM/Wi9SBgxAXDU/s1600/ejemplo+descuentos.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-ZzRPHsDm5WE/TYQZyKpACGI/AAAAAAAAAEM/Wi9SBgxAXDU/s1600/ejemplo+descuentos.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shapetype coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; o:preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; o:spt=&quot;75&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:formulas&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;  &lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:formulas&gt;  &lt;v:path gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; o:extrusionok=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;o:lock aspectratio=&quot;t&quot; v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt; &lt;/o:lock&gt;&lt;/v:path&gt;&lt;/v:stroke&gt;&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape alt=&quot;eoq_con_descuento&quot; id=&quot;Imagen_x0020_1&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; style=&quot;height: 162pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 217.5pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;eoq_con_descuento&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\usuario\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;PASO 2:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Ajustar la cantidad a pedir en cada quiebre de precio en caso de ser necesario. En nuestro ejemplo para el tramo 1 Q(1)=700 unidades esta en el intervalo por tanto se mantiene; para el tramo 2 Q(2)=714 está por debajo de la cota inferior del intervalo, por tanto se aproxima a esta cota quedando Q(2)=1.000; finalmente en el tramo 3 Q(3)=718 que también está por debajo de la cota inferior del intervalo, por tanto se aproxima a esta cota quedando Q(3)=2.000.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;PASO 3:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Calcular el costo asociado a cada una de las cantidades determinadas (utilizando la fórmula de costo total presentada anteriormente)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Costo Tramo 1 = C(700)=$25.700&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Costo Tramo 2 = C(1.000)=$24.725&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Costo Tramo 3 = C(2.000)=$24.822&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Se concluye que el tamaño óptimo de pedido que minimiza los costos totales es 1.000 unidades, con un costo total anual de $24.725&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shapetype coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; o:preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; o:spt=&quot;75&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:formulas&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:formulas&gt;   &lt;v:path gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; o:extrusionok=&quot;f&quot;&gt;   &lt;o:lock aspectratio=&quot;t&quot; v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;  &lt;/o:lock&gt;&lt;/v:path&gt;&lt;/v:stroke&gt;&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape alt=&quot;no_11.gif&quot; id=&quot;_x0036__x0020_Imagen&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; style=&quot;height: 89.25pt; left: 0; margin-left: 105.45pt; margin-top: 29.75pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 262.5pt; z-index: 1;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;no_11&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\usuario\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:wrap&gt;&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;MODELO CON DEMANDA PROBABILÍSTICA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/--_a4gRxJ648/TYQa50uvdvI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/v81lJgjcY60/s1600/no_11.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;108&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/--_a4gRxJ648/TYQa50uvdvI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/v81lJgjcY60/s320/no_11.gif&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 17.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 15.0pt; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: center; text-indent: 45.9pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.75pt;&quot;&gt;Curva de distribución normal: P(Z ≤ a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los modelos de inventario en donde la demanda es incierta o aleatoria en un periodo dado se denominan Modelos de Inventarios&amp;nbsp;Probabilisticos. En estos modelos se incluyen algunas versiones del modelo EOQ para demanda incierta en los cuales se incorporan conceptos importantes como el stock de seguridad y el nivel de servicio. Existen dos modelos probabilísticos de revisión continua que algunos autores como Winston y Hillier denominan estrategia (R,Q).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; line-height: 17.25pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 15pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 45.9pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Anteriormente se asociaba este modelo con el método de las urnas, en el cual las unidades para un producto se colocaban en dos urnas. La capacidad de una es igual al punto de reorden. Las unidades se extraen primero de la otra urna. Una vez que este contenedor se vacía es señal para colocar un pedido nuevo. Durante el tiempo de entrega hasta que se recibe el nuevo pedido, las unidades son extraídas de la primea urna, como una especie de stock de seguridad.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Éste modelo se basa en los criterios “R”, el cual se identifica como punto de reorden y “Q”, que denota la cantidad a ordenar.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Una política de inventario basada en estos dos números críticos es sencilla. Siempre que el nivel de inventario de un producto baje a “R” unidades, se coloca una orden de “Q” unidades para reabastecer el inventario.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Las suposiciones que se deben cumplir al aplicar este modelo según Hillier y Liberman son:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1. Cada aplicación se refiere a un solo producto. Lo que significa que no se pueden incluir dos o más productos a la vez.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2. El nivel de inventario está bajo revisión continua, por lo que su valor actual se conoce.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3. Debe usarse una política (R,Q), entonces las únicas decisiones que deben tomarse son las selecciones de R y Q.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;4. Existe un tiempo de entrega entre la colocación de una orden y la recepción de la cantidad ordenada. Este tiempo de entrega puede ser fijo o variable.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;5. La demanda para retirar unidades del inventario y venderlas durante este tiempo de entrega es incierta. Sin embargo, se conoce o se puede estimar la distribución de probabilidad de la demanda.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;6. Si ocurren faltantes antes de recibir la orden, el exceso de demanda queda pendiente, de manera que estos costos faltantes se satisfacen cuando llega la orden.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;7. Se incurre en un costo de preparación (denotado por Cp) cada vez que se coloca una orden.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;8. Se incurre en un costo de mantener (denotado por h) por cada unidad en inventario por unidad de tiempo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;9. Cuando ocurren faltantes, se incurre en un costo por faltantes (denotado por p) por cada unidad que falta por unidad de tiempo hasta que se satisface la demanda pendiente.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Selección del Punto de Reorden&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Un enfoque común para elegir el punto de reorden R se basa en el nivel deseado por la administración de servicio al cliente, el cual se puede definir de varias formas, como se describe a continuación:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1. La probabilidad de que ocurra un faltante entre la colocación de la orden y la recepción de pedido.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2. El número promedio de faltantes por año.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3. El porcentaje promedio de la demanda anual que se satisface de inmediato.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;4. El retraso promedio en satisfacer las órdenes pendientes cuando ocurre un faltante.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;5. El retraso promedio global para satisfacer las órdenes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;6.&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Nivel de servicio:&lt;/b&gt; Probabilidad de que no ocurra un faltante durante el tiempo de entrega. Por ejemplo, un nivel de servicio de 90% significa que existe la posibilidad de 10% de un faltante de almacén.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/feeds/5330263950051064076/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/03/modelo-eoq-con-descuentos-por.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/5330263950051064076'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/5330263950051064076'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/03/modelo-eoq-con-descuentos-por.html' title='MODELO EOQ CON DESCUENTOS POR CANTIDADES'/><author><name>walter</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02401045987290817616</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3XxmaVSEn_U/TWrnNKERWqI/AAAAAAAAABs/vc_mfac91_0/s220/WAL.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-czvRRV-XRos/TYQX9dkdp6I/AAAAAAAAAEE/K-Mf0Ph84GA/s72-c/3.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7312648898263876728.post-3639556605392087089</id><published>2011-03-07T14:36:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-15T17:51:37.811-07:00</updated><title type='text'>MODELO LEP CON FALTANTES PERMITIDOS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En este modelo se admiten los faltantes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;Los parámetros de la función de costo total son similares a las del modelo EOQ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;En lugar del Costo de ordenar, existe un costo de setup fijo para el costo de la corrida producción corrida (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;op&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;Además, se necesita conocer la tasa de producción anual (R) en el modelo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-IK1LZu3CmH8/TXVQsPWoscI/AAAAAAAAACo/Kj1wpDnP1xI/s1600/LEPconfaltantes.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-IK1LZu3CmH8/TXVQsPWoscI/AAAAAAAAACo/Kj1wpDnP1xI/s400/LEPconfaltantes.jpg&quot; width=&quot;355&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tenemos que la ecuación que representa el costo de este modelo es:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-w3A3c4AMXpM/TXVR2QKHlaI/AAAAAAAAACs/dYru_c8jdm0/s1600/1LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-w3A3c4AMXpM/TXVR2QKHlaI/AAAAAAAAACs/dYru_c8jdm0/s400/1LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Para &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;deducir la ecuación de costo total debemos reemplazar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; , t&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; , t&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; , t&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;e&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot;&gt;por las variables que conocemos en función de Q y S:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-2tulxOWoNm0/TXVSZ3CAgpI/AAAAAAAAACw/8w-O-X-gfd4/s1600/2LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;158&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-2tulxOWoNm0/TXVSZ3CAgpI/AAAAAAAAACw/8w-O-X-gfd4/s400/2LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-yANpV1i6juA/TXVS7gr0z4I/AAAAAAAAAC0/lro-lswemgs/s1600/3LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;217&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-yANpV1i6juA/TXVS7gr0z4I/AAAAAAAAAC0/lro-lswemgs/s400/3LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot;&gt;Ahora&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot;&gt; en la ecuación 2, 3, 4 y 5 despejamos t1, t2, t3 y t4 respectivamente y los reemplazamos en la ecuación principal (1), con esto tenemos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ddJ_2_-ifxE/TXVTW0INssI/AAAAAAAAAC4/bqEzrzVRPkI/s1600/4LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ddJ_2_-ifxE/TXVTW0INssI/AAAAAAAAAC4/bqEzrzVRPkI/s640/4LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Reemplazamos ahora la ecuación que representa el inventario máximo en la función de costos anterior:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7XzPyueNip0/TXVTyq-px_I/AAAAAAAAAC8/12BDzZ0YZKM/s1600/5LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;155&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7XzPyueNip0/TXVTyq-px_I/AAAAAAAAAC8/12BDzZ0YZKM/s640/5LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-3STuWZun_iw/TXVYkc45AJI/AAAAAAAAADA/_Hyfmkc-nFM/s1600/6LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;328&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-3STuWZun_iw/TXVYkc45AJI/AAAAAAAAADA/_Hyfmkc-nFM/s640/6LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-kPbiNUpa3nI/TXVY63LrbXI/AAAAAAAAADE/xSOKoVVqse0/s1600/7LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;163&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-kPbiNUpa3nI/TXVY63LrbXI/AAAAAAAAADE/xSOKoVVqse0/s640/7LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-TQW6yZ7hg58/TXVZXpck8tI/AAAAAAAAADI/_KFAOuTYFek/s1600/8LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;166&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-TQW6yZ7hg58/TXVZXpck8tI/AAAAAAAAADI/_KFAOuTYFek/s640/8LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-IIYJZr3fI2I/TXVZosjSFcI/AAAAAAAAADM/wqjYS9yf6dE/s1600/9LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;202&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-IIYJZr3fI2I/TXVZosjSFcI/AAAAAAAAADM/wqjYS9yf6dE/s640/9LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-IK1LZu3CmH8/TXVQsPWoscI/AAAAAAAAACo/Kj1wpDnP1xI/s1600/LEPconfaltantes.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-gaDxXjNNyPk/TXVZ4ElF_yI/AAAAAAAAADQ/oesnRP26JUo/s1600/10LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;108&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-gaDxXjNNyPk/TXVZ4ElF_yI/AAAAAAAAADQ/oesnRP26JUo/s640/10LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;     &lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:narylim&gt;&lt;/m:intlim&gt; &lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;  &lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot;&gt;De esta ecuación factorizamos, despejamos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot;&gt; y organizando nos queda finalmente la expresión que representa el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-CO&quot;&gt; óptimo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-GpXBEH_4WuU/TXVaaUbzkyI/AAAAAAAAADU/_q-VyXTR028/s1600/11LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-GpXBEH_4WuU/TXVaaUbzkyI/AAAAAAAAADU/_q-VyXTR028/s1600/11LEPconfaltantes.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como se mostró en la entrada anterior, la D = d. por tanto la ecuación quedaría así:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-qATF6PFD66E/TXl06EfvHhI/AAAAAAAAAD8/wsB29FjEya0/s1600/ecuacionfinal.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-qATF6PFD66E/TXl06EfvHhI/AAAAAAAAAD8/wsB29FjEya0/s1600/ecuacionfinal.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Entonces reemplazando la ecuación de S en la expresión que representa el resultado de Q, tenemos finalmente la ecuación que nos dará el valor de la cantidad óptima de pedido: &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-IK1LZu3CmH8/TXVQsPWoscI/AAAAAAAAACo/Kj1wpDnP1xI/s1600/LEPconfaltantes.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-IK1LZu3CmH8/TXVQsPWoscI/AAAAAAAAACo/Kj1wpDnP1xI/s1600/LEPconfaltantes.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-MgTo1r4CICA/TYAH-bR7fBI/AAAAAAAAAEA/Hi3uFFPXhUI/s1600/LEP+confaltantes+ecu...Q%252C%252Cfinal.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;95&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-MgTo1r4CICA/TYAH-bR7fBI/AAAAAAAAAEA/Hi3uFFPXhUI/s400/LEP+confaltantes+ecu...Q%252C%252Cfinal.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-IK1LZu3CmH8/TXVQsPWoscI/AAAAAAAAACo/Kj1wpDnP1xI/s1600/LEPconfaltantes.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/feeds/3639556605392087089/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/03/modelo-lep-con-faltantes-permitidos.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/3639556605392087089'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/3639556605392087089'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/03/modelo-lep-con-faltantes-permitidos.html' title='MODELO LEP CON FALTANTES PERMITIDOS'/><author><name>walter</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02401045987290817616</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3XxmaVSEn_U/TWrnNKERWqI/AAAAAAAAABs/vc_mfac91_0/s220/WAL.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-IK1LZu3CmH8/TXVQsPWoscI/AAAAAAAAACo/Kj1wpDnP1xI/s72-c/LEPconfaltantes.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7312648898263876728.post-946116137429815807</id><published>2011-02-27T14:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-10T16:40:23.335-08:00</updated><title type='text'>MODELOS  DE INVENTARIOS POR LOTE ECONÓMICO DE PRODUCCIÓN (LEP)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;MODELO LEP (SIN FALTANTES)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El modelo de lote económico de producción tiene los siguientes supuestos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0.9pt 0cm 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;La tasa de producción R mayor que la demanda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0.9pt 0cm 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0.9pt 0cm 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Tenemos un Op (Orden de Producción).&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0.9pt 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0.9pt 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-P_YeN8JsEP0/TXVMic7xAaI/AAAAAAAAACY/LKa0REM9cfI/s1600/LEPsinfaltantes.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-P_YeN8JsEP0/TXVMic7xAaI/AAAAAAAAACY/LKa0REM9cfI/s400/LEPsinfaltantes.jpg&quot; width=&quot;328&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; 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imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;138&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-gO4yjfTC38o/TXVNmC9v6jI/AAAAAAAAACk/HCp0db4Ktzo/s400/3LEPsinfaltantes.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0.9pt 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dentro de esta ecuación cabe resaltar que D = d. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;En este caso se prohíben los faltantes, estableciendo el costo por faltantes como infinito. Las condiciones para el aprovisionamiento instantáneo de los suministros se modifican ligeramente cuando los mismos se manufacturan al recibir la orden, en vez que se surtan de existencias de artículos ya manufacturados. La diferencia está en que los suministros se embarcan instantáneamente conforme se manufacturan. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;El gasto principal de adquisición es el costo de preparación cuando una empresa produce sus propios suministros.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/feeds/946116137429815807/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/02/modelos-de-inventarios-por-lote.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/946116137429815807'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/946116137429815807'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/02/modelos-de-inventarios-por-lote.html' title='MODELOS  DE INVENTARIOS POR LOTE ECONÓMICO DE PRODUCCIÓN (LEP)'/><author><name>walter</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02401045987290817616</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3XxmaVSEn_U/TWrnNKERWqI/AAAAAAAAABs/vc_mfac91_0/s220/WAL.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-P_YeN8JsEP0/TXVMic7xAaI/AAAAAAAAACY/LKa0REM9cfI/s72-c/LEPsinfaltantes.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7312648898263876728.post-2288774322154843591</id><published>2011-02-26T22:54:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-27T18:57:47.909-08:00</updated><title type='text'>GESTIÓN DE INVENTARIOS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los&amp;nbsp; inventarios, existencias o stocks son los materiales que la empresa tiene almacenados para facilitar la continuidad del proceso productivo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La gestión de inventarios tiene como objetivo determinar la cantidad de existencias que se han de mantener y el ritmo de pedidos para cubrir las necesidades de producción.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-a-09lq9SIiw/TWsOwdkTUkI/AAAAAAAAACQ/ikXyVT1oRl8/s1600/inventario+de+prod.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-a-09lq9SIiw/TWsOwdkTUkI/AAAAAAAAACQ/ikXyVT1oRl8/s1600/inventario+de+prod.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;TIPOS DE EXISTENCIAS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;- &lt;/b&gt;Materias primas: mediante la transformación o elaboración se destinan al proceso productivo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Productos semiterminados: productos que la empresa fabrica pero no destina a la venta hasta otra posterior elaboración&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Productos terminados: productos fabricados por la empresa y destinados al consumo final&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Mercaderías: materiales comprados por la empresa y destinados a su posterior venta sin&amp;nbsp; transformación&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Otros aprovisionamientos: envases, embalajes, combustible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La empresa NECESITA disponer de RECURSOS ALMACENADOS (INVENTARIOS) para:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Evitar la ruptura de stocks: no quedarse sin productos si hay un incremento inesperado de demanda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Posibles diferencias entre ritmo de producción y distribución: cuando la demanda depende de la época del año. Ej: se producen abrigos todo el año pero se venden casi todos en invierno&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Obtener grandes descuentos: al comprar materiales en gran cantidad y reducir costes totales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;COSTES DE LOS INVENTARIOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Costes de pedido:&lt;/b&gt; costes de realizar un pedido: administrativos (gestión con proveedores), transporte, descarga, seguros,… Existe relación inversa al volumen de inventarios, porque cuanto mayor volumen de existencias menor número de pedidos a realizar en el año&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Costes de almacenamiento: &lt;/b&gt;costes de mantener las existencias en el almacén: espacio, administrativos (personal y sistema gestión), económicos (obsolescencia, depreciación), financieros (intereses de financiar capitales invertidos)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Costes de ruptura de stocks:&lt;/b&gt; costes que tiene la empresa cuando se queda sin existencias, no puede producir o no puede entregar el pedido a un cliente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-jP0-EpxBAhY/TWsPFTndRxI/AAAAAAAAACU/i66e6DU-SnY/s1600/inventario.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-jP0-EpxBAhY/TWsPFTndRxI/AAAAAAAAACU/i66e6DU-SnY/s1600/inventario.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt;&quot;&gt;Demanda: El consumo en un instante.&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Consumo: La sumatoria de las demandas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-8493UWp6sak/TWniIYce8cI/AAAAAAAAAAg/_-ika6_YEE8/s1600/CUADRO.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-8493UWp6sak/TWniIYce8cI/AAAAAAAAAAg/_-ika6_YEE8/s320/CUADRO.png&quot; width=&quot;260&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Si el cliente no compra (consume), entonces ninguno de la cadena ha vendido nada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;MODELOS DE INVENTARIOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;MODELO EOQ (SIN FALTANTES)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Este modelo tiene los siguientes supuestos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;La demanda es constante y conocida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;La cantidad ordenada (Q) para reabastecer el inventario llega toda junta cuando se desea, es decir, cuando el nivel de inventario baja a cero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;No se permiten planear faltantes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;La reposición es instantánea. No existe tiempo en el que el pedido se demora.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Los pedidos se entregan completos (no por partes).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Supongamos que yo como empresa tengo una demanda de 12000 unidades al año, entonces para satisfacerla yo puedo hacer los pedidos por partes&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 9pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-weight: 800; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;(anual)&lt;/sub&gt;= 12000&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En la siguiente tabla veremos las cantidades en las que se hacen unos pedidos y su relación con el tiempo y frecuencia de los pedidos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoTableGrid&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: 18pt; width: 586px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 31.05pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Q(cantidad a pedir)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Número de veces que   voy a pedir (N=D/Q)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tiempo e que las cantidades pedidas llegan a cero   (t=Q/D)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 16.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;12&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 16.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;6&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/6&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 16.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/4&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 16.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/3&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 16.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;6000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/2&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 16.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;12000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 900; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;GRÁFICA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;DEL MODELO EOQ (SIN FALTANTES)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-gL3PSilQ8Yg/TWnm3DvrRfI/AAAAAAAAAAk/rvXOT0jSqo4/s1600/Gr%25C3%25A1fico1.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;253&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-gL3PSilQ8Yg/TWnm3DvrRfI/AAAAAAAAAAk/rvXOT0jSqo4/s320/Gr%25C3%25A1fico1.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como podemos ver en la gráfica las cantidades Q descienden hasta cero en un tiempo t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, entonces la relación entre las cantidades pedidas y el tiempo en que consumen está dado por el área de la región sombreada y representa la cantidad total de inventario existente en un intervalo de tiempo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-f3Z5o4AAXfk/TWnoQ7fFtaI/AAAAAAAAAAo/GYzNl75bD2g/s1600/1.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;160&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-f3Z5o4AAXfk/TWnoQ7fFtaI/AAAAAAAAAAo/GYzNl75bD2g/s640/1.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Donde:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt;: costo unitario del producto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt;*Q: costo de adquisición de un pedido&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;: costo de hacer un pedido&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;mi&lt;/sub&gt;: costo de mantener un inventario&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Entonces para hallar las cantidades óptimas a pedir minimizando los costos tanto de adquisición como los costos de mantener un inventario, tenemos que optimizar esa función utilizando la definición de derivada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Multiplicando por N para hallar los costos totales:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-JzKvxKuu_wA/TWnqVpQ8EuI/AAAAAAAAAAs/MNApDmSf_1k/s1600/2.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;308&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-JzKvxKuu_wA/TWnqVpQ8EuI/AAAAAAAAAAs/MNApDmSf_1k/s400/2.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Derivamos con respecto a Q, luego la ecuación la igualamos a cero y posteriormente despejamos Q y tendremos la siguiente ecuación:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-l5nNGVnuQQg/TWnrPDccawI/AAAAAAAAAAw/D0psFifyW_E/s1600/3.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-l5nNGVnuQQg/TWnrPDccawI/AAAAAAAAAAw/D0psFifyW_E/s1600/3.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Con esta ecuación podemos hallar las cantidades optimas que podemos pedir (productos, materiales, etc.) minimizando los costos totales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 249.75pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;MODELO EOQ (CON FALTANTES)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 249.75pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Es normal que ocurran pequeños faltantes cuando por ahorrar dinero en el tiempo de preparación se pida un lote que no alcance para cubrir todo el ciclo. Sin embargo también existirá un costo asociado a los faltantes, que llevará a que estos no sean excesivos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;El modelo tiene los siguientes supuestos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Se conoce la tasa de la demanda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;La cantidad Q llega toda cuando se desea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Se permiten faltantes planeados. Cuando hay faltantes, los clientes afectados esperan que el producto esté disponible de nuevo. Las ordenes se satisfacen cuando se reabastece el inventario.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 900; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;GRÁFICA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;DEL MODELO EOQ (CON FALTANTES)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-saJTAWRVzWY/TWns-pskYLI/AAAAAAAAAA0/Bu5fNq2wPTc/s1600/Gr%25C3%25A1fico1.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;273&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-saJTAWRVzWY/TWns-pskYLI/AAAAAAAAAA0/Bu5fNq2wPTc/s320/Gr%25C3%25A1fico1.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-q6KoL4bJtac/TWnt2Vkpa-I/AAAAAAAAAA4/nSfpCJZ9ILo/s1600/4.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;120&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-q6KoL4bJtac/TWnt2Vkpa-I/AAAAAAAAAA4/nSfpCJZ9ILo/s640/4.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;Donde:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-KQdJ_oNA2Us/TWnuTIQBmkI/AAAAAAAAAA8/Gvc_-lsooyc/s1600/Gr%25C3%25A1fico2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-KQdJ_oNA2Us/TWnuTIQBmkI/AAAAAAAAAA8/Gvc_-lsooyc/s320/Gr%25C3%25A1fico2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-weight: 800; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;= (Q-S)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-weight: 800; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;210&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Se hace una relación de triángulos para hallar t1 y t2 en función de las variables Q y S, con esto tenemos las siguientes relaciones:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-1qjKdt_Y2hk/TWnvbvYz9dI/AAAAAAAAABA/-9unvjLcSCo/s1600/5.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-1qjKdt_Y2hk/TWnvbvYz9dI/AAAAAAAAABA/-9unvjLcSCo/s320/5.png&quot; width=&quot;114&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-o5was4af9yI/TWnv5ZqqTiI/AAAAAAAAABE/3IdleOSCx_8/s1600/6.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;93&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-o5was4af9yI/TWnv5ZqqTiI/AAAAAAAAABE/3IdleOSCx_8/s400/6.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ahora esta ecuación la multiplicamos por N para que nos dé el costo total y posteriormente la derivamos para optimizarla. Como podemos darnos cuenta tenemos dos variables (Q, S) que son justo lo que necesitamos optimizar, con el fin de disminuir los costos, entonces derivamos parcialmente:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;  &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Derivada de CTA con respecto a S:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-XBcqmenjM2E/TWr8oDX4nnI/AAAAAAAAACM/CWlPsVBVC90/s1600/la+correcta.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;378&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-XBcqmenjM2E/TWr8oDX4nnI/AAAAAAAAACM/CWlPsVBVC90/s640/la+correcta.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-zacoL8ttJWA/TWnxUKS5QiI/AAAAAAAAABM/sX1Bt4FygR8/s1600/8.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;371&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-zacoL8ttJWA/TWnxUKS5QiI/AAAAAAAAABM/sX1Bt4FygR8/s640/8.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-qX6evZb1OLU/TWnyEOkCA_I/AAAAAAAAABQ/h8BcuMvk1xo/s1600/9.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;538&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-qX6evZb1OLU/TWnyEOkCA_I/AAAAAAAAABQ/h8BcuMvk1xo/s640/9.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;Esta seria la expresión final del modelo EOQ con faltantes, que nos permitirá calcular la S optima de un pedido para luego hallar Q optima, la cual podemos calcular con la ecuación despejada de la derivada con respecto a S:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-sTtN1WhB1Pk/TWn0TH3kg3I/AAAAAAAAABU/8hSl2OHqOl0/s1600/10.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-sTtN1WhB1Pk/TWn0TH3kg3I/AAAAAAAAABU/8hSl2OHqOl0/s1600/10.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/feeds/2288774322154843591/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/02/gestion-de-inventarios.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/2288774322154843591'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/2288774322154843591'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/02/gestion-de-inventarios.html' title='GESTIÓN DE INVENTARIOS'/><author><name>walter</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02401045987290817616</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3XxmaVSEn_U/TWrnNKERWqI/AAAAAAAAABs/vc_mfac91_0/s220/WAL.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-a-09lq9SIiw/TWsOwdkTUkI/AAAAAAAAACQ/ikXyVT1oRl8/s72-c/inventario+de+prod.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7312648898263876728.post-4061072970188136776</id><published>2011-02-23T17:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T17:25:18.716-08:00</updated><title type='text'>INTRODUCCIÓN A LA INVESTIGACIÓN DE OPERACIONES</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ptqoBqeNSVo/TWWx6DL7k1I/AAAAAAAAAAY/-RuaEICVHMk/s1600/images.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ptqoBqeNSVo/TWWx6DL7k1I/AAAAAAAAAAY/-RuaEICVHMk/s1600/images.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;En la actualidad se necesita del mejoramiento y de la calidad en las organizaciones de todo el mundo, pero nosotros no podemos quedarnos fuera de esta globalización, es así que el éxito o el fracaso de una empresa depende de las decisiones que tome el ejecutivo.&amp;nbsp; Para una adecuada toma de decisiones es necesario tener un conocimiento de aspectos económicos, sociales, técnicos, financieros, administrativos, etc., de la empresa y de los efectos positivos y negativos que lleven a cumplir con su misión y visión, de acuerdo al acierto o desacierto con que se tomen esas decisiones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;La Investigación de Operaciones ha tenido un impacto impresionante en el mejoramiento de la eficacia y eficiencia de numerosas organizaciones.&amp;nbsp; En el proceso, la investigación de operaciones ha hecho contribuciones significativas al incremento de la productividad dentro de la economía de varios países.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Sin duda, el impacto de la investigación de operaciones continuará aumentando.&amp;nbsp; Por ejemplo, al inicio de la década de los 90 el U.S. Laboratorio de Estadísticas de Bureau predijo que la I.O. sería el área profesional clasificada como la tercera de más rápido crecimiento para los estudiantes universitarios en Estados Unidos, graduados entre 1990 y 2005.&amp;nbsp; Pronosticó también que, para el año 2005, habría 100.000 personas trabajando como analistas de investigación de operaciones, estos pronósticos han sido certeros hasta la fecha.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;La asignatura Investigación de Operaciones está orientada a proporcionar al estudiante algunos de los diferentes modelos&amp;nbsp; matemáticos que le permitan coadyuvar en la toma de decisiones con el objeto de optimizar la función&amp;nbsp; administrativa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ecIw--w6jyU/TWWzOnLNanI/AAAAAAAAAAc/WrupQk26l-4/s1600/Operaciones-y-Tecnolog%25C3%25ADa-en-el-Banco-BHD.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;232&quot; src=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ecIw--w6jyU/TWWzOnLNanI/AAAAAAAAAAc/WrupQk26l-4/s320/Operaciones-y-Tecnolog%25C3%25ADa-en-el-Banco-BHD.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Como su nombre lo indica, la investigación de operaciones (IO) o Ciencia de la administración (CA) significa “hacer investigación sobre las operaciones”. Es una manera de abordar la toma de decisiones en la administración, que se basa en el método científico y que utiliza ampliamente el análisis cuantitativo. El análisis cuantitativo se basa en datos cuantitativos asociados al problema y desarrolla expresiones matemáticas que describen el objetivo, las restricciones y las relaciones existentes en el problema, que se conoce como Modelo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;La investigación de operaciones se aplica a problemas que se refieren a la conducción y coordinación de operaciones&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (o actividades) dentro de una organización. La naturaleza de la organización es esencialmente inmaterial y, de hecho, la investigación de operaciones, se ha aplicado de manera extensa en áreas tan diversas como la manufactura, el transporte, las telecomunicaciones, la planeación financiera, el cuidado de la salud, la milicia y los servicios públicos, por nombrar sólo unas cuantas. Así, la gama de aplicaciones es extraordinariamente amplia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;La parte de investigación en el nombre significa que la investigación de operaciones usa un enfoque similar a la manera en que se lleva a cabo la investigación en los campos científicos establecidos. En gran medida se usa el método científico para investigar el problema en cuestión. En particular, el proceso comienza por la observación cuidadosa y la formulación del problema incluyendo la recolección de los datos pertinentes. El siguiente paso es la construcción de un modelo científico (por lo general matemático) que intenta abstraer la esencia del problema real. En este punto se propone la hipótesis de que el modelo es una representación lo suficientemente precisa de las características esenciales de la situación como para que las conclusiones (soluciones) obtenidas sean válidas también para el problema real. Después, se lleva a cabo los experimentos adecuados para probar esta hipótesis, modificarla si es necesario y eventualmente verificarla (validación del modelo). Entonces, en cierto modo, la investigación de operaciones incluye la investigación científica creativa de las propiedades fundamentales de las operaciones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Sin embargo, la IO se ocupa también de la administración práctica de la organización. Así, para tener éxito, deberá también proporcionar conclusiones claras que pueda usar el tomador de decisiones cuando las necesite. De esta manera, intenta resolver los conflictos de intereses entre los componentes de la organización de forma que el resultado sea el mejor para la organización completa. Esto no significa que el estudio de cada problema deba considerar en forma explícita todos los problemas de la organización sino que los objetivos que busca deben ser consistentes con los de toda ella.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/feeds/4061072970188136776/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/02/introduccion-la-investigacion-de.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/4061072970188136776'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7312648898263876728/posts/default/4061072970188136776'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://invoperacionesid2.blogspot.com/2011/02/introduccion-la-investigacion-de.html' title='INTRODUCCIÓN A LA INVESTIGACIÓN DE OPERACIONES'/><author><name>walter</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02401045987290817616</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3XxmaVSEn_U/TWrnNKERWqI/AAAAAAAAABs/vc_mfac91_0/s220/WAL.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ptqoBqeNSVo/TWWx6DL7k1I/AAAAAAAAAAY/-RuaEICVHMk/s72-c/images.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>