IOE Pulchowk All Subjects Note

signal analysis ioe notes and signal analysis old question solution

2021-11-27T21:24:00.004+05:45

Here you can find ioe signal analysis subject notes | signal processing lecture notes | digital signal analysis and processing notes also ioe old questions solutions are included here with regular update.

Signal Analysis ioe Notes

what is signal.?

👉 physically, signal is a variation of physical quantity(temperature, pressure, distance, volume, velocity, etc.) that conveys some information about a physical phenomenon.

👉 mathematically, signal is a function of one or more independent variables that carries information about a physical phenomenon.

For example: y = f(x)=2sin(x) [example of one dimensional signal ]

one dimensional signal : those signal which depends upon only one independent variable.

For example: y = f(x,y)=5x+6y [example of multidimensional signal ]

multidimensional signal : those signal which depends upon two or more independent variables.

Note: Independent variable is considered as time.

Types of signal

Continuous time signal

value of signal exists for all instant of time.
all naturally occurring signals (analog signals) are continuous time signals.
representation: x(t)
for example: x(t) = 5cos(ㅠt)

Discrete time signals

value of signal is defined only for certain instant of time.
discrete time signal are obtained by sampling of continuous time signal.
representation: x[n]
range of n = integer between (-∞ to +∞)
for example: y[n] = 2sin(3n)

IOE first year Notes for C Programming and old questions solutions

2021-10-28T22:16:00.009+05:45

Engineering Notes for Computer Programming (C-Programming) matching with current ioe syllabus and important from IOE final exam point of view Here you can read most recent and updated notes in simple language .

What is Software?

Software:- software is a program or collection of program that uses capabilities of computer

to perform a specific task. There are three types of software

System software:-These software that helps to operate a particular system is called system software for eg:- operating system, device driver etc.
Application software:-These software are heavily oriented toward data storing, analyzing data retrieving. These are focused on growing business of an organization for eg:-ms office,games,all app ( google chrome,pubg,pumori etc).

This software is also divided into two types

Packaged software:- those application software targeting huge mass is called packaged software for eg:-msoffice,google chrome etc.
Tailored software:-those application software focusing small mass is called tailores software.eg:- app of nce college,app of nicasia etc
Utility software:-those software are focused on fine tuning the performance of computer system in any situation. They helps in increasing the performance of computer system or helps to make computer system intact. For eg:-antivirus,window defender,firewall etc.

Programming language

What do you mean by Program?

Program:-sets of command or instruction that tells computer to perform a specific task.

What do you mean by programming language ?

Programming language:- programming language is a intermediate tools that helps to communicate human with computer. i.e it is a intermediate language through which we we can instruct computer to perform a specific task.

There are two types of programming language.

They are

low level programming language:- if program is written in computer understandable language then it is called low level programming language.

It is also divided into two types. they are

1.machine language:-

machine or hardware dependent
programming is done using binary code(combinations of 0's and 1's)
its is very hard and tedious for a programmer to program
program execution time is very fast.

2. Assembly language:-programming is done using binary code(0's and 1's) and mnemonics (ADD,SUB,MUL,DIV etc).

it is a bit easier for a programmer to program than machine language.
execution time is a bit more than than machine language(because we need to convert mnemonics to binary code)

Assembly language---------------> machine language

Assembler

High level programming language :-program written by using natural language(like English) and different symbols is called high level programming language.

very easy for programmer to program
execution time is more than low level programming language

high level language--------------------> machine language

compiler/interpreter

Compiler, Interpreter and Assembler

Compiler and interpreter are used to convert the high level language into machine level language. The program written in high level language is known as source program and the corresponding machine level language program is called as object program. Both compiler and interpreter perform the same task but there working is different. Compiler read the program at-a-time and searches the error and lists them. If the program is error free then it is converted into object program. When program size is large then compiler is preferred. Whereas interpreter read only one line of the source code and convert it to object code. If it check error, statement by statement and hence of take more time.

An assembler program creates object code by translating combinations of mnemonics and syntax for operations and addressing modes into their numerical equivalents. This representation typically includes an operation code (”opcode”) as well as other control bits and data. The assembler also calculates constant expressions and resolves symbolic names for memory locations and other entities.

Structured Programming

Structured programming is a programming paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by making extensive use of subroutines, block structures, for and while loops—in contrast to using simple tests and jumps such as the go to statement which could lead to ”spaghetti code” causing difficulty to both follow and maintain.

Design FlowChart and Algorithm

An algorithm is a solution to a computer programming problem. In other words a step by step procedure for developing a problem is called an algorithm. Algorithms can be written in two different ways.

1.Pseudocode English like steps that describe the solution. Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithms.

2.FlowChart Pictures Detailing with specific blocks detailing out the logical flow of the solution. For a better understanding of an algorithm, it is represented pictorially. The pictorial representation of an algorithm is called a Flow Chart. The algorithm and flowchart to add two numbers can be stated as: (a) Step1: Input numbers as a and b (b)

Step2: Sum = x + y (c)

Step3: Print the sum

Constant and Variables

Constants refer to fixed values that the program may not alter during its execution. These fixed values are also called literals. Constants can be of any of the basic data types like an integer constant, a floating constant, a character constant, or a string literal. There are enumeration constants as well .Constants are treated just like regular variables except that their values cannot be modified after their definition. A variable is nothing but a name given to a storage area that our programs can manipulate. Each variable in C has a specific type, which determines the size and layout of the variable’s memory; the range of values that can be stored within that memory; and the set of operations that can be applied to the variable. The name of a variable can be composed of letters, digits, and the underscore character. It must begin with either a letter or an underscore. Upper and lowercase letters are distinct because C is case-sensitive.

Rules for writing variable name in C

A variable name can have letters (both uppercase and lowercase letters), digits and underscore only.
The first letter of a variable should be either a letter or an underscore. However, it is discouraged to start variable name with an underscore. It is because variable name that starts with an underscore can conflict with a system name and may cause error.
There is no rule on how long a variable can be. However, the first 31 characters of a variable are discriminated by the compiler. So, the first 31 letters of two variables in a program should be different.

Operators in C

An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical functions. C language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of operators.

• Arithmetic Operator

• Relational Operator

• Logical Operator

• Bitwise Operator

• Assignment Operator

• Misc Operator

Rules for Evaluation of Expression

First, parenthesized sub expression from left to right are evaluated.
If parentheses are nested, the evaluation begins with innermost sub expression.
The precedence rule is applied in determining the order of operands in evaluating sub expressions.
Arithmetic expressions are evaluated from left to right using the rules of precedence.
When parentheses are used, the expressions within the parentheses assume highest priority

Control Statements in C

C provides two types of Control Statements

Branching Structure
Looping Structure

Call by Value

If data is passed by value, the data is copied from the variable used in for example main() to a variable used by the function. So if the data passed (that is stored in the function variable) is modified inside the function, the value is only changed in the variable used inside the function.

Call by Reference

If data is passed by reference, a pointer to the data is copied instead of the actual variable as is done in a call by value. Because a pointer is copied, if the value at that pointers address is changed in the function, the value is also changed in main().

IOE Notes and Syllabus for First Year all part BCT BEL BEX BCE

2021-10-28T20:11:00.009+05:45

Here you can read and downloads IOE 1st year 1st part and 2nd part Engineering Notes for BCT | BEL | BEX | BCE .Important IOE old question solution are also included

IOE First Year Syllabus

First Semester syllabus

C-Programming
Engineering Chemistry
Engineering Mathematics
Fundamental of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
Engineering Drawing I

Second Semester Syllabus

Applied Mechanics
Engineering Mathematics
Engineering Physics
Basic Electronics Engineering
Engineering Drawing II
Basic Electrical Engineering

Download Question Bank for BCT | BEL | BEX | BCE

Click here C programming Latest question included 2076

Download Computer Programming Lab Reports & codes

Electrical Engineering Material Question Bank solution pdf IOE All Subject Note pdf

2021-10-09T23:47:00.014+05:45

IOE Electrical Engineering Material OLD Question solutions of IOE Regular and Back Questions with short theory important numerical as well as derivations are included here . Strictly in this page you can read electrical engineering notes for 3rd semester as pulchowk campus engineering notes . Here you will find ioe old question answers that are asked in ioe final examination of electrical engineering material according to ioe syllabus for electrical engineering material (EE502)

IOE ALL SUBJECT NOTES

Chapter 1 : Theory of Metal

Define population density

If we multiply density of state Z(E) & probability of occupation index F(E) then we obtain the number of electrons (per unit energy) per unit volume which is denoted by nE & is called population density.

( If we multiply density of states Z(E) and probability of occupation F(E) then we will get number of electrons occupied in a state i.e. nE and is called population density.)

Thermionic Emission

When a metal is heated the electron within it becomes highly energetic and gets ejected from its surface . This process of ejection of electron from metal surface at high temperature is called as thermionic emission.

Work function

There is a minimum (threshold) value of energy that the electron must posses if it is to leave the metal surface. This threshold value of energy is called work function of the metal(ɸ).

Schottky Effect

When an electric field applied to a metal is increased, the work function is decreased and hence thermionic emission from the metal surface increases. This effect is called Schottky effect.

Explain the necessity of quantum mechanics.

To understand the tunneling phenomena.
To understand the photoelectric effect.
To understand the behavior or nature of microscopic particles or electrons.

Chapter 2 : Free Electron Theory of Conduction in Metal

Crystalline Structure:

It is an periodic arrangement of atoms( or molecules) in a regular pattern in space. It is the combination of lattice and basis where lattice is the infinite periodic arrangement of points in space and basis is the pair of atoms or molecules when these basis occupy the points of a lattice then we get a crystal structure.

Unit cell:

It is the simplest structure obtained from the crystal structure. When we extend the unit cell structure in all directions in space then we get a crystal structure.

Co-ordination Number :

It is the number of nearest neighboring atoms or the number of atoms touching the largest atom of a unit cell.

Packing density:

It is the ratio of volume occupied by atoms to the volume of unit cell. It signifies how densely the atoms are packed in the unit cell.

Latice parameter : a, α ,β ,𝛄

IOE 2074 Ashwin Electrical Engineering Material Old Question Solution

1.a). Explain the importance of quantum mechanics. Differentiate between classical and quantum mechanics with suitable examples.

Ans: The importance of quantum mechanics are listed below:-

To understand the tunneling phenomena.
To understand the photoelectric effect.
To understand the nature of microscopic particles.
Quantum mechanics is a generalized form of mechanics which is applicable to very small object like electrons in the atom.
All the electronic phenomena within the materials can not be explained with the help of the classical mechanics rather explained by quantum mechanics.

Difference between classical and quantum mechanics are given below :-

Classical Mechanics

It can be applied to macroscopic bodies.
It is based on Newton's law of motion.
The state of a system is defined by specifying all the forces acting on the particles as well as their position and velocity. The future state then can be predicted with certainty.
It is based on Maxwell's electromagnetic wave theory.

Quantum Mechanics

It can be applied to microscopic bodies.
It follow Heisenberg Uncertainty principal.
It gives the probability of finding the particles at various location in space.
It is based on plank's quantum theory.

IOE 2068 Shrawan Electrical Engineering Material Past question solution

1.a) What is tunneling phenomenon? Derive the expression for the probability of tunneling the potential barrier of width L and height V by electron.

Ans: Tunneling phenomenon: Tunneling is a quantum mechanical phenomena such that an electron or wave can penetrate a potential barrier and appear at another region. This is possible only if the potential barrier is relatively lower and width of potential barrier is relatively narrower.

Fermi Energy:

In metal fermi energy is defined as the energy of highest filled energy level at temperature of absolute zero .

Electric machine 2 ioe notes

2021-07-04T16:18:00.004+05:45

pulchowk note for Electric machine 2 ioe em 2 note. ioe old question solution ioeallsubjectnotes

DOUBLE FIELD REVOLVING THEORY

Statement: According to this theory, any alternating quantity can be resolved into two rotating components which rotate in opposite directions and each having magnitude as half of the maximum magnitude of the alternating quantity.

In case of single phase induction motors, the stator winding produces an alternating magnetic field having maximum magnitude ofΦ 1m. According to double revolving field theory, consider the two components of the stator flux, each having magnitude half of the maximum magnitude of stator flux i.e.(Φ1m/2). Both these components are rotating in opposite direction at the synchronous speed Ns which is dependent on frequency and stator poles. LetΦ f is forward component rotating in anticlockwise direction whileΦ b is the backward component rotating in clockwise direction. The resultant of these two components at any instant gives the instantaneous value of the stator flux at that instant. So resultant of these two is the original stator flux.

Fig.1 stator flux and its two components

The fig.1 shows the stator flux and its two componentsΦ f andΦ b. At start both the components are shown opposite to each other in the fig.1.(a). thus the resultantΦ R=0. This is nothing but the instantaneous value of the stator flux at start. After 900 as shown in the fig.1(b), the two components are rotated in such a way that both are pointing in the same direction. Hence the resultantΦ is the

algebraic sum of the magnitudes of the two components. So

ΦR=(Φ1m/2)+(Φ1m/2)=Φ1m. This is nothing but the instantaneous value of the stator flux atθ=90 0 as shown in the fig.1(c). Thus continuous rotation of the two components gives the original alternating stator flux. Both the components are rotating and hence get cut by the motor

conductors. Due to cutting of flux, emf gets induced in rotor which circulates rotor current

The rotor current produces rotor flux. This flux interacts with forward componentΦ to produce a torque in one particular direction say anticlockwise direction. While rotor flux interacts with backward componentsΦ b to produce a torque in the clockwise direction. So if anticlockwise torque is positive then clockwise torque is

negative. At start these two torques are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Each torque tries to rotate the rotor in its own direction.

Thus net torque experienced by the rotor is zero at start. And hence the single phase induction motors are not self-starting.

TORQUE SPEED CHARACTERISTICS

The two oppositely directed torques and the resultant torque can be

shown effectively with the help of torque-speed characteristics.


	Fig: 2 torque speed characteristics

It can be seen that at start N = 0 and at that point resultant torque is zero. So single phase motors are not self-starting. However if the rotor is given an initial rotation in any direction, the resultant average torque increase in the direction in which rotor initially rotated. And motor starts rotating in that direction. But in practice it is not possible to give initial torque to rotor externally hence some modifications are 9 done in the construction of single phase induction motors to make them self- starting.

forward and backward slip

Rotor started by auxiliary means, it will develop torque & continue to run in same direction as one of the fields. By definition, the direction in which rotor is started initially will be called forward field.

Let ns=synchronous speed, n = rotor speed Slip of rotor with respect to forward rotating field is,

Since backward rotating flux rotates opposite to the stator, sign of n must be changed in equation (i) to obtain backward slip.

IOE Control System Note BEL BCT BEX Steps for root locus

2021-06-27T18:27:00.008+05:45

IOE Control System Note | Plot of root locus & loci | Design lead lag compensator | RH criteria | Bode plot | | By IOE All Subject Notes | |

Root Locus analysis

👉 Root locus is a graphical method in which roots of characteristic equation are plotted in plane for different values of gain. The locus of the roots of the characteristic equation when gain is varied from zero to infinity is called root locus.

Steps to sketch root locus in graph

Write OLTF:

⇛ we know

OLTF for open loop transfer function is :G(s)H(s)

CLTF for close loop transfer function is :G(s)/(1+G(s)H(s))

Step1: Plot the open loop poles and zeros.:

⇛ compare denominator with zero to get Poles: S = ?....

⇛ compare numerator with zero to get Zeros: S= ?,...

Step2: Determine the root loci on real axis.

⇛ Any point on the real axis is a part of root locus if and only if number of poles and zeros to its right is odd.(positive axis on graph (σ) तिर बाट हेरेर odd number of Poles वा zeros भेटेको points सम्म Dark गर्ने )

Therefore root locus lies between [ ? to ? ] and [ ? to ? ]

Step3: Number of root loci

⇛We let,

N = number of separate root loci

P = number of finite poles

Z = number of finite zeros

Rules:

N = P ; if P > Z

N = Z ; if Z > P

N = P = Z ; if poles = zeros

We have to find number of root loci N = ?

Step4: Centroid of Asymptotes(σA)

⇛ The plot of intersection of asymptotes with real axis is called centroid of asymptotes and given by

(indicate with dot in graph paper because we are going to draw angles at this point)

Step 5: Angle of asymptotes

⇛ The branches of root locus tend to infinity along a set of straight line called asymptotes . These asymptotes making an angle with real axis.

Where K = 0,1,2,3. . . . (always include 0 in K values)

K को value मा zero (0) सधै include गर्ने तर K को value always (P - Z) वटा लिने |

asymptotes angle with real axis is given by formula:

(K को different value ले माथिको formula बाट phi को different value आएको हुन्छ त्यो सबै angles लाइ protector को मदत ले σA को point मा Draw गर्ने )

Step6: Calculation of break away or break in point

⇛ The break away point corresponds to a point in the s-plane where multiple roots of
characteristic equation occurs. The break away or break in point can be determined from the roots of

Write characteristic equation i.e. [ 1 +G(s)H(s) ] solve this and get the value of K in terms of S. Then substitute in above equation you will get a quadratic equation and after this use calculator to solve quadratic equation and get Different values of S = ?

👉Dark गरेको axis line मा यी सबै points हरु पर्छ कि पर्दैन conform गर्ने

पर्ने points = either break in or break away

नपर्ने points लाइ neglect गर्ने

👉 Another method to check either points are break in | break away or not : put the values of k in the expression of K

positive र real आयो भने = either break in or break away

negative वा complex आयो भने = neglect गर्ने

Rules: एउटा S को value २ वटा poles वा zero को बिचमा

Mark break in or break away points on the graph

Step7: Determine the point where the root cross the imaginary axis.

⇛Write ch. equation and write Routh array table

⇛ Form auxiliary equation and solve to get value of S = ? (imaginary point) plot these in graph

Final step: Draw a curve passing through break away points and parallel to root locus line and also

If complex poles are present :👾 we need to draw curve for it

· Complex pole आयो भने angle of departure निकालनुपर्छा .

· Complex zero आयो भने angle of arrival निकालनुपर्छा .

For angle of departure:

For angle of arrival:

· Negative angle आयो भने Reference line भन्दा तल बनाउने
· Positive angle आयो भने Reference line भन्दा माथि बनाउने

Upper angle = - Lower angle

For drawing curve at complex pole :

Complex pole ले के भन्छ मलाई angle of departure संगै मलाई समातेर अनि angle of asymptotes लाई parallel हुने गरि जाऊ।

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Power System Analysis II IOE Notes and Question Bank solutions

2021-05-07T19:37:00.010+05:45

Power System Analysis II by IOE ALL SUBJECT NOTES Download and read digitally all pdf now on smart phone (IOE PULCHOWK Notes |BE | Notes)

1.a. What do you mean by interconnected power system? Describe merits and demerits of the interconnected system.

Ans: The power system in which a number of generators of different area operated in parallel to meet the total load of these areas is called interconnected power system. In other language A power system in which two or more generating station transmission station and distribution system are interconnected together to supply a common load is called interconnected power system.

Merits of interconnected power system

Availability increases:

When there is a fault in a system the power can be taken from another system. Hence continuity of supply can be maintained.

Reliability:

Power quality can be maintained in an interconnected system, Distribution in a system can be insulated while giving continuity to rest of the system.

Minimization of cost/Investment:

In term of back up plant interconnected system conserve the need of energy without installing a new generator.

Overall efficiency is increased as power generated is not wasted as in case of independent system.

Demerits of interconnected power system

Interconnection process is complex even a small variation in voltage frequency is not allowed.
chance of faults spreading is more in interconnected system.
maintenance cost is increased due to safety facility.
communication is tedious and required in making every discussion.
continuous monitoring is required.

Azure Developer League: DevOps & GitHub Challenge

2021-03-27T13:54:00.016+05:45

Which of the following scenarios is a common use case for a version control system?-Making experimental changes to your project in an isolated branch
What is another name for a version control system?-
Software configuration management (SCM) system
What’s the difference between Git and GitHub?-Git lets you work with one or more local branches and push changes to a remote repository. GitHub acts as the remote repository, which is accessed through a website or command-line tools.
What Git command gives information about how to use Git?-git help
What Git commands can be used to correct mistakes?-git reset and git revert
What is the primary advantage of the distributed nature of Git?-Multiple remote contributors can work together on a project without fear of overwriting each other's work. Contributors can check changes from another contributor before merging them with their own.
When a Git user copies a repository, what term describes the reference that Git sets up for the original repository?-
remote
What Git command makes a copy of an existing repository?-git clone <repo-path>
What Git command can be used to save current changes, but without using a pull request?-git stash
suppose you have a project that has 10 files in your local working branch of the repo. You recently updated 3 of the files: toc.yml, intro.txt, and exercise.json. Now, you want to create a pull request for only the changes to the JSON file. What set of Git commands should you use to create the pull request for only those changes?-git add exercise.json
git commit -m "my changes for the exercise"
git push origin <working-branch>

Which of the following statements is true about branches in Git?-Work done on a branch doesn't interfere with work in other branches.

Which of the following Git commands creates a new branch, and then changes your working location to the new branch?-git branch my-new-branch
git checkout my-new-branch

Suppose you try to merge changes from your local branch into the project repo, but Git returns a merge conflict error. What command can you use to restore the default (main) branch to its correct state?-git merge --abort

Which of the following samples is an accurate view of what Git might show for a merge conflict between the my-penguins branch and the main branch?-

<head><body> <img class="cat" src="images/panda.jpg"> <img class="cat" src="images/peacock.jpg"> <<<<<<< my-penguins <img class="cat" src="images/penguin.jpg"> ======= <img class="cat" src="images/platypus.jpg"> <img class="cat" src="images/pony.jpg"> >>>>>>> main <footer>Copyright 2021 - Perfect Pets</footer> </body></head>

What is the best way to report a bug to a GitHub project?-Search for the bug in the project's existing issues and create a new one if it hasn't been reported yet.

Suppose you have created a bug fix on a new branch and want it to become part of the next production build generated from the main branch. What should you do next?-Create a pull request to merge your new branch into the main branch.
It is recommended that you create commits on a branch separate from main, and there are plenty of good reasons why. What is not a good reason?-GitHub doesn't allow you to commit directly to the main branch.
Suppose you'd like to work with a project on GitHub but you don't have write access to the project. What can you do to contribute?-Fork the project's repository to your GitHub account, clone the forked repository to your local machine, push changes to your repository, and submit a pull request to the target (upstream) repository.
You want to grant a user the permissions required to add and remove organization members to a team. Which permission would you need to grant that user?-
Team maintainer
As an organization owner, you want to ensure that everyone who is logged into your corporate network can access the GitHub website without requiring a second login. Which technology will you enable to accomplish this?-Single Sign-On
What is the appropriate repository permission level for contributors who will actively push changes to your repository?-write
You plan on using GitHub Actions to build, test, and deliver your cross-platform code. Which of the following platforms will be the most expensive to use?-macOS
When would you decide to upgrade to the GitHub Enterprise product?-Because you want to centrally manage users and repositories across multiple organizations.
What is the purpose of a team?-A team is intended to reflect a company or group's structure, and is used to provide cascading access permissions and make it easy to notify all team members via mentions
Which of the following choices is not a good reason to protect a branch?-The branch contains sensitive information that you don't want other repository participants to be able to see.
Suppose your team repository contains several long-lived branches, including master, release-v1.0, and release-v2.0. Which of the following Git commands best enables you to apply specific commits from master into release-v1.0 to apply hotfixes to the legacy version of the codebase?-git cherry-pick
Your project team has reached a major milestone and wants everyone to install the latest version of your app. Which option is the best way to let interested users know?-Create a release on GitHub.
Artifacts from a GitHub Actions workflow can be saved with what action?-The actions/upload-artifacts action
What is one way that GitHub Actions workflows can NOT be used?-To upload a new secret to GitHub Secrets.
Which action would you use to access a repository's code from the virtual machine provided by GitHub Actions?-actions/checkout
How many builds will the following matrix produce? os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-2016] node-version: [8.x, 10.x, 12.x]-6
What is not a good reason to create a pull request?-Your branch cannot be merged into master due to upstream changes made since you created it. Creating a pull request will let the other contributor know they need to pull their changes out so you can put yours in.
How can you ensure that pull requests for a given area of the repository are not merged unless certain users or teams have approved?-Use a CODEOWNERS file and enable required reviews.
You have been requested to review a pull request. As you read through it, you notice several minor coding errors and typos. How should you handle the review?-Start a review and fix obvious typos inline. Add comments in places that require further discussion or offer educational value. Complete the review with changes requested.
Which of the following statements about merges is false?-When a merge completes successfully, it ensures that your changes didn't break the build.
Why are merge conflicts bad?-This is a trick question. Merge conflicts aren't bad; they're an inevitable part of distributed version control.
What is the best way to avoid most complex merge conflicts?-Regularly pull updates your branch.
How does GitHub's top-level search bar differ from the search options available on repository tabs?-
The top-level search bar supports searching everything across all of GitHub, whereas the repository tab searches are scoped to cover specific types in the current repository.
What does git blame do?-It displays the commit history of the file.
Suppose a bug issue is reported on your project, and you know which pull request introduced the problem. Which of the following options is not a cross-linking best practice?-Do not create cross-links when the root cause of the issue is already known.
Which of the following scenarios is not a good candidate to be built as a GitHub App?-An app that allows a user to approve a pull request from a custom tool.
When should you build an OAuth App instead of a GitHub App?-When your app needs to operate on behalf of a specific user.
Which of the following choices is not a benefit of using webhooks over polling?-Webhooks have better network accessibility than polling.
What is GitHub Script?-A workflow action that enables GitHub API access from GitHub Actions.
What is the difference between GitHub Script and GitHub Actions?-GitHub Actions is a workflow engine that automates the execution of actions. GitHub Script is one of the actions available for use in a workflow.
Why would someone use the following YAML in a GitHub Script action: if: contains(github.event.issue.labels.*.name, 'bug')?-To ensure that the script only runs when the target issue has been labeled as a bug.
How do you grant your GitHub repository access to Azure?-Manage credentials using GitHub Secrets and use that secret name in the workflow
What can trigger a workflow for deploying to Microsoft Azure?-Any event, just like any other Action
How do you make sure that your Azure credentials are not stored in plain text in your repository?-Use GitHub Secrets to securely store your Azure credentials.
Which type of version control enables you to work from your own copy of the main repository?-Distributed version control
A Git branch is used to:-Make changes and experiment with the codebase without affecting other developers' work.
The git pull command:-Downloads and merges the latest changes from the remote repository into your local repository.
Which of the following is not an important consideration for migrating a source repository to GitHub?-Does GitHub support the programming language your project uses?
Why is a .gitignore file important to your repository?-It helps you enforce policy around which files are not to be tracked by version control.
Which of the following is not a valid way to migrate a project to GitHub?-Email a password protected zip of your project to GitHub support along with instructions for the repository's creation. Be sure to include the zip password in the same email.
What kind of files are best stored in GitHub?-Text files, like source code.
Why is a .gitignore file important to your repository?-It helps you enforce policy around which files are not to be tracked by version control.
Which of the following is not a valid way to upload new project files to GitHub?-Email a password protected zip of your project to GitHub support along with instructions for the repository's creation. Be sure to include the zip password in the same email.
Which of the following choices best describes the relationship between open source and InnerSource programs?-InnerSource programs are fundamentally the same as open source programs, except that their access is limited to people within their organization.
Suppose your team has been receiving some low-quality bug reports without enough information to properly diagnose. Which of the following choices is the best way to address the issue?-Add an ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md file that includes fields for reproduction steps, system properties, and instructions for generating and including important logs.
Suppose your team has been tracking data of all kinds since your InnerSource program went live three months ago. Which of the following metrics indicates your program is a great success?-A dramatic rise in pull requests that address bugs in your software.
Which of the following Markdown snippets would produce this text: Hello, world!?-*Hello, **world**!*
How do you print certain characters, like asterisks (*) and underscores (_), literally on your output?-Escape them with a backslash, like \* or \_.
Suppose there is an HTML snippet that you want to include on your GitHub Pages web site, but Markdown doesn't offer a way to render it. What should you do?-Just add the HTML inline.
How do you enable GitHub Pages for your repository?-Select a Source from the GitHub Pages section of the Settings tab of your repository.
Which of the following cannot be hosted on GitHub Pages?-Dynamic server-side applications.
Which of the following would you most likely use to edit the body content of your GitHub Pages site?-Markdown
What is the primary function of a GitHub Action?-To automate software development tasks,To facilitate continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD),Integrate infrastructure as code within your project's context
What are the two types of actions?-Container actions and JavaScript actions
Which of the following could not be used as an event trigger (runs_on)?-Opening a new tab in your browser
In which file do you define the steps to execute in your GitHub Action?-In a workflow .yml (YAML) file.
During the lab, which action did you use to publish container image to GitHub Package?-docker/build-push action step
When pulling the image to your local environment, which credentials are needed?-Your GitHub username and a Personal Access Token
In which scenarios should you NOT use GitHub Packages?-When I want to share code between methods of my application.
Which tool do you need to use a package hosted in GitHub Packages in your project?-The package manager tooling (npm, nuget.exe, ...).
How can you authenticate to GitHub Packages from your local development environment-With a Personal Access Token
In basketball stats, what does PER stand for?-Player efficiency rating
In this module, how did you impute data that's normally distributed?-
Mean imputation
What is cross-validation?-A programmatic way to split data into n training and testing subsets to test the accuracy of a model.
What type of machine learning model is effective for predicting one value based on many other values?-Linear regression
What is one way to create randomized sample data that is close to accurate?-Use a random number within the standard deviation of input values for a machine learning algorithm.
Static web apps in Azure take significant expertise to develop and deploy.-False - Static web apps in Azure have many entry points and can be novice-friendly.
Flask is a framework for building web apps in which of the following languages?-Python only
What is the default port number that Flask uses to service HTTP requests?-5000
In what subdirectory should Jinja template files be stored by default?-templates
What is the name of the HTTP header that carries API keys in calls to Azure Cognitive Services?-Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key

Azure Fundamentals - AZ-900 - Real Exam Questions for 2021 tips

2021-03-25T12:00:00.014+05:45

Q. What is the type of cloud computing which allows for building applications by utilizing your own DataCenter and cloud provider infrastructure?- a Hybrid Cloud
Q. Cloud computing is a delivery model for what. four service types?- Networking,Storage,Compute Power,Analytics
Q. Which of the following options isn't. a type of cloud computing?- Distributed cloud
Q. You recently ﬁnished implementing a Software as a Service (SaaS) solution in Azure. Which of the following options is your responsibility?-conﬁguring the SaaS solution
Q. What are two characteristics of the public cloud? (Choose two)- metered pricing, self-service management
Q. Select the correct statements about resource groups:- A single resource group can contain resources from different regions
Q. Availability zones are enabled for all Azure regions.(True/ False)-False
Q. You need to ensure that the services running on vour Azure virtual machines are available if a datacenter fails. To do this, you deploy the virtual machines in two or more Availability Zones. Did you meet the requirement? -Yes
Q. You decide to use version control for your software project. Which of the following Azure services provides a set of version control tools to manage code?- Azure Repos
Q. Azure Monitor can monitor both cloud and on-premises environments.-Yes
Q. Contoso manager asks the team to implement continuous deployment processes for their application. The team decided to use Azure DevOps. Does this service meet their needs?-Yes
Q. Contoso manager asks the team to implement continuous deployment processes for their application. The team decided to use Azure DevTest Labs. Does this service meet their needs?-No
Q. You need to create a human-computer interface that uses natural language to answer customer questions. Which product option should you eliminate as a candidate?- Azure Machine Learning
Q. Azure Reservations allow you to pay less as compared to pay-as- you-go pricing.- Yes
Q. If you stop an Azure virtual machine, you continue to pay storage costs associated to the Virtual machine.-Yes
You plan to deploy several Azure virtual machines. You need to control the ports that devices on the Internet can use to access the virtual machines. What should you use?-a network security group (NSC)
You want to connect through HI I PS to a brand new web server VM that you deployed to Azure. You open _a browser, try to connect to web server's Public IP, but your connection gets denied. What conﬁguration should you modify so that you can connect to the web server?- network security group
You need to deny trafﬁc. from/ to known malicious IP addresses and domains. What Azure service should you create?- Azure Firewall
Q. Your company glans to deploy several web servers and several database servers to Azure. on need to recommend an Azure solution to hunt the connections from the web servers to the database servers. What should you include in the recommendation?- Network security groups (NSGs)
Q. You have an Azure environment that contains 10 virtual networks and 100 Virtual machines. You need to limit the amount of inbound traffic to all the Azure virtual networks. What should you create?- One Azure Firewall
Q. Azure Firewall encrypts network traffic sent from Azure to outside destinations.-No
Q. You need to investigate which user has turned off a speciﬁc virtual machine in the last 14 days. What Azure service can help you during your investigation?- Azure Activity Log
Q. An Azure resource inherits locks from its resource group.-Yes
Q. provide organizations with the ability to manage the compliance 0 Azure resources across multiple subscriptions. Instructions: Select the answer choice that makes the statement correct.- Azure policies
Q. An Azure subscription can be converted from Free trial to Pay-as- you-Go pricing model.-Yes
Q. Two virtual machines B2S size will always generate the same monthly costs.-NO
Q. The company CFO is concerned about the costs generated by traffic between Azure services, in the same region. You explain the CFO that data trafﬁc between Azure services within the same Azure region is always free.-Yes
Q. Outbound data trafﬁc from Azure to external destinations is always free.-NO
Q. Your company wants to migrate on-premises to Azure. Which Azure service would you suggest calculating the savings that would come from migrating to Azure?- Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Calculator
Q. Which service relate with statement “You manage the applications and services you develop, and the cloud service provider typically manages everything else”?-PaaS (Platform as a Service)
Q. Which service relate with statement “an instant computing infrastructure, provisioned and managed over the internet”?- laaS (Infrastructure as a Service.)
Q. Which service relate with statement “provides a runtime environment to execute code, written in any language the user is comfortable”?-FaaS ( Function as a Service)
Q. Which service relate with statement “lets you run application code without creating, configuring, or maintaining a server”?-FaaS (Function as a Service)
Which of the following are the most common uses of Hybrid louds? (Select two correct options.)-Cloud migration,High availability
Q. Which cloud deployment solution is used for Azure virtual machines?- Infrastructure as a Service (iaas)
Q. Which cloud deployment solution is used for Azure SQL databases?- Azure. SQL Databases are Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Q. An Azure service is fault tolerant if it remains available after a failure occurs.-Yes
If you delete RGI resource group, all resources in RC will be deleted as well.-Yes
Q. An organization that hosts its infrastructure can decommission its dataCenter.-in a public cloud
Q. Which cloud model provides the greatest ownership and control?-Private
You received a new urgent task to create several Azure virtual machines in your Azure environment. Unfortunately. you are on holiday and you only have a tablet with you. that runs Android operating system. Solution: You use Bash in Azure Cloud Shell. Does this meet the goal?-Yes
Q. You need to correlate events from multiple resources into a centralized repository. which of the following Azure services should you use?-Azure Event Hubs
Q. Which of the following services are used to ensure availability during maintenance events?-Availability Set
Q. Azure Databricks is an Apache Spark-based analytics service. Select "No change needed " if the above statement is correct, otherwise replace blue colour word the correct answer.-No change needed
Q. Which service provides a cloud-based environment, used to develop, train, test, deploy, manage, and track machine learning models?- Machine Learning service
Q. Which service provides a collection of domain-speciﬁc pre-trained AI models that can be customized with your data?-Cognitive services
Q. Which of the following is an optimized storage service for storing massive amount of unstructured data, such as videos and images?-Blobs
Q. A team of developers at your company plans to deploy, and then remove, 50 customized virtual machines each week. Thirty of the virtual machines run Windows Server 2016 and 20 of the virtual machines run Ubuntu Linux. You need to recommend which Azure service will minimize the administrative effort required to deploy and remove the virtual machines. What should you recommend?-Azure DevTest Labs
Q. You are running Windows Server VM-test-0l in Azure, locates in west Europe region which Azure service should you use. from the Azure portal to view service failure notiﬁcations that can affect the availability of VM-test-0l?- Azure virtual machines
Q. Contoso company wants to allow testers to quickly provision clean environments so that they have a sandbox environment for their testing scenarios and automation. Which service fits their need best?-Azure DevTest Labs
Q. You want to send messages from the IoT device to the cloud and vice versa. Which IoT technology can send and receive messages?-IoT Hub
Q. Which service. lacks features to assign individual developers tasks to work on?-Azure Pipelines
Q. A company wants to build a new voting kiosk for sales to governments around the world. Which IoT technologies should the company choose to ensure the highest degree of security? Security? Security? Azure Sphere
Q. After you create a virtual machine, you need to modify the to allow connections to TCP port 8080 on the virtual machine.-network security group (NSG)
Q. Your company plans to automate the deployment of servers to Azure. The company Chief Technology Ofﬁcer (CTO) is concerned that administrative credentials may get exposed during the deployment. You need to recommend an Azure solution that encrypts the administrative credentials during the deployment. What should you include in the recommendation?-Azure Key Vault
Your company plans to migrate all on-premises data to Azure. You need to identify whether Azure complies with the company's regional requirements. What should you use?-Trust Center
Q. What should you use to test whether your company's Azure environment meets regulatory requirements?-The Azure Security Center from the Azure portal
Q. What types of DDoS protection services does Azure provide? (Choose Two)-standard, Basic
Q. There has been an attack on your public-facing website, and the application's resources have been overwhelmed and exhausted, and are now unavailable to users. What service should you use to prevent this type of attack in the future?-DDoS protection
Q. An Azure subscription can be associated to multiple Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) tenants.-False
Q. You can change the Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) tenant to which an Azure subscription is associated.-True
Q. Your Azure trial account expired last week. You now cannot.(Choose correct statement)-access your data stored in Azure
Q. When you create an Azure resource, you select where its usage will be paid. How is this called?-Azure subscription
Q. What's the correct sequence of the cloud adoption framework?-Strategy -> Plan -> Ready -> Adopt
Q. Azure Active Directory Basic and Azure Active Directory Free provide the same Service Level Agreement (SLA).-NO
Q. A company is planning to deploy a number of resources to their Azure subscription and want to be informed if the costs of Azure resources goes beyond a certain threshold.-I Create a budget in Azure Cost Management
Q. Which service provides a common platform for deploying objects to cloud infrastructure and for implementing consistency across the Azure environment.- Azure Resource. Manager

PSA 1

2021-03-21T18:07:00.006+05:45

Power system analysis 1 Get IOE ALL Subject notes and Important Questions
psa

Chapter 1 Questions:

What do you mean by interconnected power system? Draw a typical diagram of inter connected power system. What are its advantage over isolated power system.
Explain how electrical energy can be generated from hydropower plant with basic block diagram.
Draw a single line diagram showing generation, transmission and distribution components of power system with typical voltage levels and discuss why different voltage are used in these three components of power system. Also explain why transmission and distribution system are three phase ac system instead of single phase ac system.
What happen if long line is modelled by short line model and vice versa?
Describe the concept of infinite bus in electric power system. Discuss how the national electric grid of any country can be considered as infinite bus.
What are conventional sources of energy? List out some features of the power generating stations using conventional energy sources.
List out the major component used in electric power station. Describe the function of any four major components.
Why AC power generation, transmission an distribution prevailed over DC system in early both century?
Explain the evolution of power system and mention its major milestones.
Compare the economical aspects of 1-ø and 3-ø power delivery system. Give the suitable mathematical relationship to justify the argument
Discuss the different types of renewable energy sources.
Describe in brief hydro and thermal power sources with basic principle of electricity generation and major features.
What are the major sources of Electricity worldwide? Give reason why existing electricity supply scenario is not sustainable.
Compare the advantage and disadvantages associated with fossil fuel based energy and renewable energy systems.

Chapter 2

Explain one of the technique to locate the phase to phase fault on underground power cable.
Prove that dielectric stress is maximum at the conductor surface and its value goes on decreasing as we move away from the conductor.
What do you mean by stranded and bundled conductor in power transmission system. Explain the reason of using bundled conductors in Extra high voltage (EHV) transmission lines.
Classify power cables and give reasons for their usage. Briefly discuss about installation techniques.
Describe Murray Loop test method for underground cable fault detection.
What are the reasons for making stranded and bundled conductors for transmission line?
Mention the main requirements of conductors for overhead transmission lines.
Compare overhead lines with underground cables.
Give the reason for the extensive use of aluminum conductors in overhead transmission lines.
For an insulator string consisting of multiple disc insulators, show that the voltage distribution across each disc is not same
What is power cable? Explain briefly.

Chapter 3

What is per unit system ? What are the advantages of per unit representation?
Define complex power and explain the sign conventions of power for sources and loads.
Derive the expression for sending end voltage (Vs) in terms of receiving end voltage (Vr) , line resistance (R) and reactance (X) and complex power (P+jQ) demand at the receiving end and hence justify that reactive power always flows from higher voltage magnitude to lower voltage magnitude.
How are the base voltage and base power are chosen?
Why complex power is taken VI* rather than V*I in power system, explain?
Starting from voltage and current phasors, derive the expression for complex power. Construct the phasor diagram of complex power and explain the significance of those components.

Chapter 4

Explain skin and proximity effect in the transmission line.
Derive the expression for the inductance per meter of a single phase two wire transmission line.
What is the importance of the transposition of high voltage transmission lines? Draw the schematic layout for the complete transpositon cycle for 3-ø single circuit and 3-ø double circuit transmission line.
Derive the line capacitance and phase capacitance of the single phase line considering the effect of the ground.
What is the effect of earth on the capacitance of an overhead line? Explain with mathmatical expression(derivation not required).
Show that the inductance due to internal flux linkage of two conductors of different diameters are same.
Derive the expression for inductance of transposed three phase line with unsymmetrical spacing.

NUMERICAL: (Compulsary)

Voltage and string efficiency of Discs

Without grading ring
With grading ring

Diectric stress (find gmax,gmin,thickness of insulation)
Capacitance of cable
Resistance of cable
Resistance of cable
Reactance diagram
Inductance,GMD,GMR

Internal and external flux linkage
Internal and external flux linkage
Three phase line:

Equilateral
Equilateral

Module Review Correct Answer Google Cloud Platform Big Data and Machine Learning Fundamentals Week 1

2021-03-21T10:15:00.014+05:45

What are the common big data challenges that you will be building solutions for in this course? (check all that apply)

Migrating existing on-premise workloads to the cloud
Analyzing large datasets at scale
Building streaming data pipelines
Applying machine learning to your datasets

Question 2

You have a large enterprise that will likely have many teams using their own Google Cloud Platform projects and resources. What should you be sure to have to help manage and administer these resources? (check all that apply)

A defined Organization
Folders for teams and/or products
A defined access control policy with Cloud IAM

Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of Google Cloud security

Google Cloud will automatically manage and curate your content and access policies to be safe for the public

Question 4

If you don't have a large dataset of your own but still want to practice writing queries and building pipelines on Google Cloud Platform, what should you do?

Practice with the datasets in the Google Cloud Public Datasets program
Find other public datasets online and upload them into BigQuery
Work to create your own dataset and then upload it into BigQuery for analysis

As you saw in the demo, Compute Engine nodes on GCP are:

Allocated on demand, and you pay for the time that they are up.

You should feed your machine learning model your _______ and not your _______. It will learn those for itself!

data, rules

True or False: Cloud SQL is a big data analytics warehouse

False

True or False: If you are migrating your Hadoop workload to the cloud, you must first rewrite all your Spark jobs to be compliant with the cloud.

False

You are thinking about migrating your Hadoop workloads to the cloud and you have a few workloads that are fault-tolerant (they can handle interruptions of individual VMs gracefully). What are some architecture considerations you should explore in the cloud? Choose all that apply

Use PVMs or Preemptible Virtual Machines
Migrate your storage from on-cluster HDFS to off-cluster Google Cloud Storage (GCS)
Consider having multiple Cloud Dataproc instances for each priority workload and then turning them down when not in use

Question 5

Google Cloud Storage is a good option for storing data that:

May be imported from a bucket into a Hadoop cluster for analysis
May be required to be read at some later time (i.e. load a CSV file into BigQuery)

Relational databases are a good choice when you need

Transactional updates on relatively small datasets

Cloud SQL and Cloud Dataproc offer familiar tools (MySQL and Hadoop/Pig/Hive/Spark). What is the value-add provided by Google Cloud Platform?

Running it on Google infrastructure offers reliability and cost savings
Fully-managed versions of the software offer no-ops

You can Enroll in this course use this like for Coursera.

Lab: Recommending Products Using Cloud SQL and Spark

Which of the below are the core services that make up BigQuery? (choose the correct 2)

Query service
Storage service

You want to know how many rows are in the BigQuery Public Dataset on San Francisco Bike Shares. What could you do?

# Run the below query:
SELECT
COUNT(*) AS total_trips
FROM
`bigquery-public-data.san_francisco_bikeshare.bikeshare_trips`
In the BigQuery Web UI, find the table and click the details tab and view the rows

True or False: You can query a Google Spreadsheet directly from BigQuery without loading it in first.

True(this is a federated query)

You have a taxi service data schema that has three columns:

ride_id
ride_timestamp
ride_status You want to use BigQuery for reporting but you don't want to split your table into multiple sub-tables. What native features of BigQuery data types should you explore? (check all that apply)

Consider making ride_timestamp an ARRAY of timestamp values so each ride_id row in your table could still be unique and easy to report off of.
Consider adding lat / long geographic data points as new columns and using GIS Functions to quickly plot the distances your fleet has travelled.

Complete the following

In ML, a row of data is called a(n) ________ and a column of data is called a(n) _______. We mark one or more columns as ________ which we know for historical data and are trying to predict for future data.

instance or observation
feature
labels

Microsoft Ignite Microsoft 365 Enterprise Admin Challenge

2021-03-06T15:42:00.000+05:45

Microsoft Ignite Microsoft 365 Enterprise Admin Challenge

Define identity and access management in Azure Active Directory
Simplify access and identity provisioning with Azure Active Directory
Strengthen authentication (conditional access) with Azure Active Directory
Secure administrator accounts in Azure Active Directory
Enable identity protection in Azure Active Directory
Embrace Zero Trust with Azure Active Directory
Protect against security threats on Azure
Create an Azure account
Create Azure users and groups in Azure Active Directory
Secure your application by using OpenID Connect and Azure AD
Secure Azure Active Directory users with Multi-Factor Authentication
Manage device identity with Azure AD join and Enterprise State Roaming
Allow users to reset their password with Azure Active Directory self-service password reset
Add custom domain name to Azure Active Directory
Protect your identities with Azure AD Identity Protection
Get started with Microsoft 365
Analyze your device and app readiness for Windows 10
Analyze your directory and network readiness for Microsoft 365
Deliver Microsoft 365 Apps and business apps
Migrate user files and settings in Microsoft 365
Update your security and compliance configuration – Windows 10 and Microsoft 365 Apps
Deploy, upgrade, and migrate to Windows 10
Learn about Windows and Microsoft 365 Apps servicing in Microsoft 365
Train users on the new Windows and Microsoft 365 Apps features
Plan to deploy updates for Windows 10 and Microsoft 365 Apps
Prepare to deploy updates for Windows 10 and Microsoft 365 Apps
Deploy updates for Windows 10 and Microsoft 365 Apps
Introduction to modern management in Microsoft 365
Automate Windows deployments by using Windows Autopilot
Manage devices by using Microsoft Intune
Manage Windows 10 through co-management by using System Center Configuration Manager
Manage applications by using Microsoft Intune
Deploy Windows Update in Microsoft 365
Secure your cloud apps and services with Microsoft Cloud App Security
Improve your cloud security posture with Azure Security Center
Introduction to threat protection with Microsoft 365
Protect against threats with Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
Remediate risks with Microsoft Defender for Office 365
Safeguard your environment with Microsoft Defender for Identity
Respond to data loss prevention alerts using Microsoft 365
Overview of security management in Microsoft 365 security center
Use reporting in the Microsoft 365 security center
Protect mail with Microsoft Defender for Office 365
Secure Windows 10 endpoints
Configure the network for your virtual machines
Design an IP addressing schema for your Azure deployment
Secure and isolate access to Azure resources by using network security groups and service endpoints]
Host your domain on Azure DNS
Connect to virtual machines through the Azure portal by using Azure Bastion

Azure Active Directory doesn’t natively support mobile devices without third-party solutions.
-False(Azure AD is integrated with Microsoft Intune, a Microsoft mobile device management solution)
Which of the following describes Azure Active Directory?-Microsoft’s evolution of identity and access management for the cloud(-Azure AD provides organizations with Identity as a Service, and helps employees sign in and access resources within external and internal sources.
)Which of the following is a reason that the network perimeter is no longer enough?-Adversaries are using phishing attacks.(Adversaries have demonstrated a consistent and ongoing ability to penetrate network perimeters using phishing attacks..
)All of these are identity management capabilities of Microsoft 365 except:-Automated investigation and response(Automated investigation and response are not an identity management feature; it’s a tool that automates investigation and remediation of well-known attack threats.
)When you plan for identity governance in Azure AD, you should:-Determine which users and groups should have access to which resources at which time.(When planning for identity governance, you should determine how soon a user has access to the resources they need and how their access changes over time.
)Before you deploy a Microsoft 365 identity infrastructure, you should first:-Categorize your users.(You should first categorize users so you can secure access with controls that ensure strong assurances of identity and access from safe devices.
)Legacy authentication supports enabling multi-factor authentication.-False(Legacy authentication does not support multi-factor authentication.
)Which of the following describes how to enforce multi-factor authentication?-Create a Conditional Access policy with “Require multi-factor authentication” enabled.(To enforce MFA, create a Conditional Access policy and select Require multi-factor authentication under Access controls.
)Which of the following is a method of passwordless authentication?-Biometric scan(A biometric scan or pin via Windows Hello, phone-as-a-token from the Microsoft Authenticator app, or a FIDO2 security key are all methods of passwordless authentication.
)Privileged Access Workstations (PAWs) provide a dedicated operating system for sensitive tasks that's protected from Internet attacks and threat vectors.-True(Privileged Access Workstations (PAWs) provide a dedicated operating system for sensitive tasks that is protected from Internet attacks and threat vectors
)Which of the following responses is not a protected resource using Azure AD Privileged Identity Management?-Active Directory Domain Services(Azure AD Privileged Identity Management helps you to manage privileged administrative roles across Azure AD, Azure resources, and other Microsoft Online Services. For Active Directory Domain Services, use Microsoft Identity Manager's Privileged Access Manager capability.
)Which of the following responses is not one of the approaches behind Azure AD Privileged Identity Management?-Reduce number of privileged users(Azure AD Privileged Identity Management does not seek to reduce the number of privileged users, but instead ensures that users only have administrative privileges when they are required.
)Azure Active Directory Identity Protection policies can require end users to enroll their mobile device with Intune.-False(Azure Active Directory Identity Protection policies don't require end users to enroll their mobile device with Intune.
)If a risky user is identified or affected by a sign-in risk policy, how will they be prompted to prove their identity?-By completing Azure multi-factor authentication.(Azure AD Identity Protection sign-in risk policies allow affected users to verify their identity through Azure multi-factor authentication.
)Which of the following is an Azure Active Directory Identity Protection API that exposes information about risky users and sign-ins?-riskDetection(riskDetection, riskyUsers, and sign in are the three APIs that expose information about risky users and sign-ins.
)The Zero Trust model assumes breach and verifies each request as though it originates from an uncontrolled network.-True(The Zero Trust model assumes breach and verifies each request as though it originates from an uncontrolled network.
)Which of the following tools can you implement to support the 1st principle of Zero Trust, Verify explicitly?-Azure multi-factor authentication (MFA)(Azure MFA, Azure AD Hybrid or Azure AD Join, Microsoft Intune, and leveraging passwordless credentials all support the 1st principle of Zero Trust.
)Which of the following is a foundational element that should implement Zero Trust controls?-Devices(Zero Trust controls should be implemented across 6 foundational elements: identities, devices, applications, data, infrastructure, and networks.
1 out of 3 questions is incorrect. Please correct question 3.
How can Tailwind Traders enforce having only certain applications run on its VMs?-Create an application control rule in Azure Security Center.(With Azure Security Center, you can define a list of allowed applications to ensure that only applications you allow can run. Azure Security Center can also detect and block malware from being installed on your VMs.
What's the easiest way for Tailwind Traders to combine security data from all of its monitoring tools into a single report that it can take action on?-Collect security data in Azure Sentinel.(Azure Sentinel is Microsoft's cloud-based SIEM. A SIEM aggregates security data from many different sources to provide additional capabilities for threat detection and responding to threats.
)Which is the best way for Tailwind Traders to safely store its certificates so that they're accessible to cloud VMs?-Store the certificates in Azure Key Vault.(Azure Key Vault enables you to store your secrets in a single, central location. Key Vault also makes it easier to enroll and renew certificates from public certificate authorities (CAs).
)How can Tailwind Traders ensure that certain VM workloads are physically isolated from workloads being run by other Azure customers?-Run the VMs on Azure Dedicated Host.(Azure Dedicated Host provides dedicated physical servers to host your Azure VMs for Windows and Linux.
Which of the following statements is true about an Azure subscription?-An Azure subscription is a logical unit of Azure services
Your billing is based on your usage of Azure resources and is invoiced ______________-Monthly
When you create an Azure resource like a virtual machine, you select the ______________ it belongs to.-Azure subscription
Which Azure support plan is best for business-critical workloads?-Azure Professional Direct
An Azure subscription is a _______________.-billing entity and security boundary
Which of the following best describes the relationship between a subscription and an Azure AD directory?-An Azure AD directory can be associated with multiple subscriptions, but a subscription is always tied to a single directory.
True or False, an organization can have more than one Azure AD directory.-True
What information does an Action provide in a role definition?-An Action provides the allowed management capabilities for the role.
Which of the following sets the scope of a role to be the resource group myResourceGroup?-/subscriptions/{ef67bd4f-d0f2-4845-b6dd-6cba225b4f10}/resourceGroups/myResourceGroup
How are NotActions used in a role definition?-NotActions are subtracted from the Actions to define the list of permissible operations.
If you delete a user account by mistake, can it be restored?-The user account can be restored, but only when it's deleted within the last 30 days.
What kind of account would you create to allow an external organization easy access?-A guest user account for each member of the external team.
Which sentence correctly describes OpenID Connect?-OpenID Connect is an authentication standard.
You want users of your application to authenticate by using their accounts, which are stored in Microsoft 365. What must you do in Azure AD?-Register the application in Azure AD.
In which of the following scenarios would OpenID Connect be the best option?-Securing your sign-in page
Which of the following authentication methods is not available for MFA?-Security questions
Which of the following authentication methods cannot be disabled?-Password
True or False. You must activate multi-factor authentication for all users in the directory you enable it in.-False
What operating systems do Azure AD registered devices support?-Windows 10, iOS, Android, and macOS
What device security sign-in options does Azure AD join support?-An Azure AD work account with password or Windows Hello, and multifactor authentication
When is conditional access applied?-After first-factor authentication
What provisioning options are available through Azure AD join?-Self-service by using the Windows out-of-box experience (OOBE), Windows Autopilot, or bulk enrollment
What happens when a device isn't in the MDM scope?-The Azure AD join finishes without the enrollment to MDM.
What is classified as stale data?-Any data that hasn't been accessed for one year or more
Can you name one of the benefits of using Enterprise State Roaming?-Enhanced security
When is a user considered registered for SSPR?-When they've registered at least the number of methods that you've required to reset a password.
When you enable SSPR for your Azure AD organization...-Users can reset their passwords when they can't sign in.
What types of custom domain names are supported? Any registered domains that aren't already being used.
Which resources can a custom-domain Azure AD account access? Both internal and external resources.
How do you verify domain ownership? The Azure portal provides a TXT or MX record you add through your DNS provider.
What is the default domain name before a custom domain is created?-companyname.onmicrosoft.com
What should you do if domain name verification fails? Wait at least an hour, then check that the data is correct with your domain registrar.
How many Azure AD organizations can use a single domain name? 1(Domain names are unique and can be used by only a single Azure AD organization.
How do you protect against identity-based risks by using Azure AD Identity Protection? Configure a policy, investigate by using a report, and remediate.
You want to analyze risks that describe authentication requests for sign-ins that probably weren't authorized by users. Which type of risks will you analyze? Sign-in risk (Azure AD Identity Protection scrutinizes each authentication request to judge whether it was authorized by the owner of the identity.
Which report would you review to find devices that were identified as part of a detected risk? Risky sign-in report
You want to use a risky sign-in report to find information on risky sign-ins for the past 29 days. How can you access this report? You can access and download the report from the Azure portal.
According to the deployment wheel, once you have your team in place, what is the first step in the deployment process? Analyze your device and app readiness.
In analyzing your directory and network readiness, you prepare your network to move which items? System images, application packages, drivers, and user files
The desktop deployment wheel that guides you through how many recommended steps for your shift to Windows 10 and Microsoft 365 Apps?
8(Yes. The desktop deployment wheel guides you through 8 recommended steps for your shift to Windows 10 and Microsoft 365 Apps.)
Any COM add-ins and VBA macros your organization used on previous versions of Office (back to Office 2010) will continue to work on the latest versions of Office without modification. True
In the first step of the readiness process, which tools are used to create an inventory? Readiness Toolkit for Office, Desktop Analytics, or System Center Configuration Manager software and hardware inventory
The four steps for device and app readiness are: 1) Take an inventory, 2) Plan your resources, 3) Test updates for compatibility issues, 4) Remediate issues. False
If your organization uses Exchange or SharePoint, you’re already using Azure AD. False
How much bandwidth does the initial migration of a user's profile in Window consume? More than 20 GB
What's one of the primary functions of Azure Active Directory? Controlling access to apps, data, and resources in Microsoft cloud services
Microsoft 365 Apps is available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions - it doesn't matter which version you install. False
Microsoft 365 Apps and Office 2019 clients use which installation technology? Click-to-Run
Which of the following tools does NOT work with MSI-based packages? Office Deployment Tool
Which approach would you use to deliver business apps? Application deployment in Configuration Manager
Which of the following considerations impact how you migrate user files and settings? How large is your organization?
Both System Center Configuration Manager and the Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT) use the User State Migration Tool (USMT) as part of their deployment process. True
Which of the following statements is NOT true about OneDrive known folder move? OneDrive known folder move allows users to select the folders and locations they want to move to their updated systems.
Which of the following security-related problems often interrupts Microsoft 365 deployments? Antivirus app incompatibility
You can configure Windows Hello to use the device itself, a PIN, or a unique biometric identifier like a face or fingerprint. True
Which of the following is a new security capability in Windows 10? Virtualization-based security
What is it called when you reformat a device's hard drive and install a new OS image, without keeping any data, settings, or apps? Bare metal deployment
In-place upgrades allow you to upgrade from legacy versions of Windows as well as update existing images. False
What is one of the primary functions of Windows Autopilot? Customize and deploy a new system with apps and settings to a business-ready state without needing IT to customize or reimage the device.
Which of the following is true of the new Windows and Microsoft 365 Apps update model? A new Features Update is delivered twice per year.
Microsoft offers an option, Express Updates, to significantly reduce Windows download size. True
For Office applications, Microsoft offers a fully-supported quarterly channel option where updates, available on the first day of every quarter (January, April, July, and October), contain both new features and quality updates. False
Which of the following is NOT a reason for end-user communication and training? Assess compatibility of applications and devices with the new versions of Windows and Office
Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases of the deployment process? Initial
The phased deployment process is recommended for large organizations but isn't necessary for smaller deployments. False
How would you classify applications that cause the business to stop functioning if they fail? Critical
Which role is typically responsible for assigning user acceptance testers to critical applications? Application Owner
What update tool allows you to let Microsoft apply updates for you, while giving the administrator the ability to defer installation? Implement Windows Update for Business
What are the phases of the servicing framework? Plan, Prepare, Pilot Deployment, Broad Deployment
Which roles should be involved when assigning an Application Owner? End-User Computing, Process Manager.
Where can you find Microsoft’s recommended security baselines? Microsoft’s Security Compliance Toolkit.
Who is responsible for implementing and testing infrastructure changes?
End-user computing
Which of the following tasks will you carry out when preparing your infrastructure? Reviewing all approved changes
Who should be responsible for implementing security baseline changes? Security
Which of the following would you use to achieve full quality assurance testing? Regression testing
Which of the following servicing tools enables you to approve updates before they’re applied to devices? Microsoft Server Update Services
Which of the following requirements should you have ready before you start using Desktop Analytics? Active Azure subscription
Which of these is a task for broad deployment? Obtain recommendations for improvements.
During pilot deployment, who is responsible for implementing baseline updates? End-user computing
How many deployment rings should Woodgrove choose? There's no limit on deployment rings. Woodgrove can choose any number of deployment rings it needs.
What should you do to help support communications about the update? Delivery Optimization
How can Woodgrove improve the process for the next development cycle? Make a note of issues across workstreams and investigate how they can be resolved or improved.
Modern management is similar to which of the following management concepts? How mobile devices are managed by Enterprise Mobility Management (EMM).
Which of the following lists the key pillars of modern management? Always up-to-date, Intelligent security, proactive insights
Which of the following enables you to create self-contained provisioning packages? Windows Configuration Designer
Which of the following enables you to avoid reimaging with cloud-based device management services? Microsoft Autopilot
Which of the following describes what Windows Autopilot can be used to do? Reset, repurpose, and recover devices.
Windows Autopilot self-deploy mode is for which of the following purposes? Deploying shared devices such as kiosks with little or no user interaction.
White glove deployments using Windows Autopilot are for which of the following scenarios? Devices that will be fully set up by the IT department by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) before the end-user takes ownership.
Before deploying a device using Windows Autopilot, which of the following must be done? The device must be registered with the Windows Autopilot deployment service.
Which of the following offers a simplified and manageable way to transition from either on-premises Active Directory or ConfigMgr and Active Directory to a modern management approach? Co-management
Which of the following options is NOT a valid method for enrolling Windows 10 devices into Microsoft Intune? Add a non-AD joined account
What is the configuration when you manage devices with Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager and enroll to a third-party MDM service? Coexistence
Which of the following statements best describes how Microsoft 365 workloads must be switched over to co-management if you decide to implement it?
Workloads can be switched over on your schedule.
Which path to co-management is described by having new Windows 10 devices that join Azure AD and auto-enroll to Intune but you install Configuration Manager to reach co-management? Bootstrap with modern provisioning
Which of the following actions is an available remote action from Intune once co-management is enabled in System Center Configuration Manager? Remote device wipes
Which of the following Intune MAM configurations allows IT administrators to manage apps on devices not enrolled with Intune MDM? MAM without device enrollment
What is the first step in the Intune Application Management lifecycle? Add apps to Intune
Which of the following best describes the methods available for protecting data in your Intune deployed apps? Conditional Access and App protection policies
Which of the following is an available update channel for Office Pro Plus apps deployed through Intune?
Semi-Annual
Group Policy Objects (GPO) can be configured to deploy windows update settings to a group of windows 10 computers. After creating a GPO which service can be used to apply those GPO settings to the defined group of Windows 10 computers? Active Directory Domain Services
Which of the following Windows update methods is a cloud-based management tool which utilizes central management update to send out operating system updates? Microsoft Intune
Which Windows update method is a Microsoft-hosted cloud-based WSUS that is free for Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise systems? Windows Update for Business
Which of the following is not a Windows Update for Business feature? Updates deployed by FastTrack
How can you get an at-a-glance overview of the kinds of apps are being used within your organization? Use the Cloud Discovery Dashboard
The Cloud App Security framework includes which of the following? Discover and control the use of Shadow IT
Which of these is a feature of Conditional Access App Control policies? Protect on download
How can you ensure that a file is sent into quarantine for review by an administrator? When creating a file policy, select Put in admin quarantine
Which anomaly detection policy triggers an alert if the same user credentials originate from two geographically distant locations within a short time? Impossible travel
Which feature do you use to let Azure Security Center automatically remediate security issues for you? Use Quick Fix
Where can you export data continuously? Log Analytics workspace
How can you ensure that Azure Security Center will alert you if an unapproved app runs on one of your machines that don’t normally run that kind of app? Adaptive application controls
How can you integrate Azure Sentinel with Azure Security Center? By selecting the Azure Security Center data connector for Azure Sentinel.
Threats are the potential weakness that attackers can use to infiltrate your organization. True
Which of the following choices describe the benefits of Microsoft 365 Defender? Coordinate defenses to stop attacks from spreading and autoheal impacted assets.
Which of the following is not part of the typical attack timeline? Attack discovered before 24 hours
The Microsoft Defender for Endpoint agent should be deployed to all Windows 10 devices in your organization. False
Which of the following choices describes threat hunting using Microsoft Defender for Endpoint? You can proactively inspect events in your network using a powerful search and query tool.
Which of the following is not a component of Microsoft Defender for Endpoint? Cloud device management
True or false? Microsoft Defender for Office 365 requires an agent to be deployed to all Windows 10 devices in your organization for the best protection. False
What describes Safe Attachments from Microsoft Defender for Office 365? Messages and attachments are routed to a special environment where Microsoft Defender for Office 365 uses a variety of machine learning and analysis techniques to detect malicious intent.
Which of the following is not an Attack Simulator scenario? Bitcoin mining
Microsoft Defender for Identity requires an on-premises Active Directory environment. True
Which of the following describes advanced threats Microsoft Defender for Identity detects along the cyber-attack kill-chain? Reconnaissance
Which of the following is not a supported integration for Azure Microsoft Defender for Office 365? Intune
Which DLP component is used to classify a document? Sensitivity label
In Cloud App Security, which types of Policy is used for DLP? File Policy
Which DLP component has the logic to protect content in locations such as SharePoint Online? DLP Policy
Which Microsoft 365 security center service is designed to help optimize your organization’s overall security health by providing insights and guidance? Microsoft Secure Score
Which of the following security monitoring services are not available in the Microsoft 365 security center? Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
What is one example of the intelligent and personalized recommendations the Microsoft 365 security center provides? Role-based access control
What are the four categories of reporting found in the Microsoft 365 security center? Identities, data, devices, apps
As a security administrator you are tasked with identifying how many DLP matches happened in your third-party cloud services. What reporting insights category would you leverage to find the information? Data
Microsoft Secure Score provides intelligent recommendations surfaced from each of the below except: Office Security Center
What are two of the most common phishing attacks made on an organization? Malicious attachments and hyperlinks
he Contoso organization has Office 365 Enterprise E5 for all users. The security administrator has defined specific anti-phishing policies for the finance department but hasn't applied those policies elsewhere. Which of the following is true? Microsoft Defender for Office 365 anti-phishing protection is in place for only the finance department.
What anti-phishing policy option should be used to ensure an outside attacker can’t impersonate the CEO of your organization? Add users to protect
An end user in the finance department has reported unusual behavior that when they launch a PowerPoint file they notice a command prompt gets launched in the background. As a security administrator what can you implement to prevent unknown or malicious behavior like this from occurring? Attack surface reduction rules
As the security administrator of Contoso you decide to monitor executable scripts running in mail. The Research & Development department says that it needs you to allow executable scripts to run in its mail. What would be the best solution to keep all of Contoso protected and secured? Create an attack surface reduction rule for all users that blocks executable content from their webmail and email, but create an audit for the R&D department.
Which of the following Windows 10 security features focuses on securing organizational identities and passwords? Windows Defender Credential Guard
You need to connect Azure resources like Azure virtual machines across geographical regions. Which Azure networking option should you use? Virtual network peering
For a point-to-site Azure VPN gateway, what are the key parameters that you must specify when you create it? Gateway type is Vpn, vpn type is RouteBased, and you need to specify a gateway sku.
Which peering configuration would you use for your Express route circuit where you need to allow direct connections to Azure compute resources? Azure private peering
Which protocol provides dynamic routing for Azure ExpressRoute? Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
What are some of the typical components involved in a network design? A VM, subnet, firewall, and load balancer
Which of the following IP address ranges is routable over the internet? 215.11.0.0 to 215.11.255.255
Which of the following resources can you assign a public IP address to? A virtual machine
What must a virtual machine have to communicate with the other resources in the same virtual network? Network interface
An organization has set up virtual machines (VMs) to act as jumpboxes in each of its six virtual networks. Why should the organization consider using Azure Bastion? The organization can simplify the management of its VMs.
At what resource level or scope does an Azure Bastion connection apply to? Virtual network or peered virtual networks
You decide to deploy Azure Bastion to an existing virtual network by using the Azure CLI. What resources do you need to create? Subnet named AzureBastionSubnet, public IP, and Azure Bastion
Several of your peers are having trouble connecting to VMs by using Azure Bastion. What isn't likely to cause the problem? The public IP address of the destination VM
You want to add an extra layer of security to Azure Bastion. Where can you start? Apply role-based access control (RBAC) and the least privilege to use and manage Azure Bastion
What does Azure DNS allow you to do? Manage and host your registered domain and associated records.
What security features does Azure DNS provide? Role-based access control, activity logs, and resource locking
What type of DNS record should you create to map one or more IP addresses against a single domain? A or AAAA

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Instrumentation system 1

2021-02-26T15:32:00.002+05:45

Why signal conditioning is done in instrumentation system? Bhadra 2074

Ans:- As we know that signal conditioner makes the output of primary sensing element into a suitable form so that the signal can be processes by the rest of the system. So due to this reason signal conditioning is done in instrumentation system.

Working of Dual Ramp ADC (Dual Slope ADC)

The figure shows the various components of dual ramp ADC. It consist of integrator which produces ramp signal(voltage i.e. Vc) from constant sampled analog input (VA ) whose slope is equal to (-VA/RC) and this ramp voltage become input to comparator and another input is grounded so comparator output is high. Then gate opens. So up counter will start counting and it will count until Vc =VA or up to its full scale (111 for 3 bit) and then resets. As it resets it send signal to control logic to switch input to reference voltage(-Vref).

Now input to integrator is (-Vref):

Now voltage Vc will increase with positive slope of (Vref/RC) then the comparator output will be high and gate opens and up counter again start recounting and it will count until Vc = 0 then gate will be closed and counter will stop. The digital code seen in the counter will be the equivalent output to the input analog voltage(VA).

Numerical method II-II IOE Note

2021-02-23T19:44:00.008+05:45

Numerical method II-II IOE Note by IOE ALL Subject Notes

Write a pseudo-code to find a real root of non-linear equation using fixed point iteration method?

1. Start

2. Define function as f(x)

3. Define convergent form g(x)

4. Input:

a. Initial guess x0

b. Tolerable Error e

c. Maximum Iteration N

5. Initialize iteration counter: step = 1

6. Do

Xi+1 = g(Xi)

step = step + 1

If step > N

Print "Not Convergent"

Stop

End If

x0 = x1

While abs f(x1) > e

7. Print root as x1

8. Stop

Note: g(x) is obtained by rewriting f(x) in the form of x = g(x)

Microprocessor (II/II)

2021-02-17T21:40:00.023+05:45

Store Program Concept 8085 8086 Microprocessor II/II IOE All Subject Notes

According to this concept the program instruction are stored in memory along side data in a binary number format. Then the computer could get the instructions by reading them from the memory and program could be set or altered by changing the binary values. This approach is known as store program concept and such architecture is known as Von Neumann architecture.

MBR(Memory buffer resistor):- it consist of the word that is to be stored in the memory or send to I/O unit.
MAR(memory address resistor):- it contain the address of word that is to be written into or read from MBR.
IR(instruction resistor):- it contain the opcode of the instruction to be executed.
IBR(Instruction buffer resistor):- it is temporary resistor that holds the right hand instruction from a word in the memory.
PC(Program counter):- It contains the address of next instruction to be fetched from the memory.
Accumulator and multiplier Quotient(AC & MQ):- it holds the operands and results of ALU after processing.

Architecture of computer

Every object in the world has its own architecture like human has its body architecture even building and offices has its own architecture. Architecture defines how function works the same way computer has architecture on which computer runs .

There are two types architecture

von Neumann architecture
Harvard architecture

Working of Von Neumann architecture

von Neumann architecture was designed and developed by the great mathematician and scientist John von Neumann in the year 1945s most of the computer of today's world run on the von Neumann architecture whether mainframe or personal computer .

the input or instruction comes in and stores in the memory the input becomes the command and ready to process the processor fetched the command from memory there is two part in the process

control unit
ALU arithmetic logic unit

The role of the CU is to manage the commands and input/output & work of ALU is to perform mathematics functions after processing complete the control unit stores the result in memory and display the output this is the working of von Neumann architecture

component of von Neumann architecture

input :- it comes through input device like keyboard mouse etc.
memory:- the data are temporary store in the memory called RAM
process:-process has two parts one control unit the control units it control and manage the process and input/output the control unit fetch and store data to and from memory - another arithmetic logic unit the role of the ALU is to perform mathematics calculation like addition subtraction multiplication/division etc
output:- the output display through the monitor printer etc.

Q1. Explain fetch and execution cycle of an instruction of a stored program computer. Illustrate with the help of RTL specification.

Ans:-The fetch and execution cycle is the basic operation (instruction) cycle of a computer. During the fetch and execute cycle the computer retrieves a computer program instruction from its memory. It then establish and carriers out the actions that are required for that instruction.

It consist of the following steps;-

8086 Architecture (40 pin IC)
8086 internal architecture

The architecture of 8086 is divided into 2 functional unit :-

BIU→Bus interface Unit
EU→Execution unit

Bus interface unit:

It fetches the instructions or data from memory
write data to memory
Read/ write data to I/O port

Bus interface unit(BIU)consist of 3 functional part

Instruction pointer(IP)
segment registers
instruction queue

1.Instruction pointer: (IP)

It is 16 bit register that keeps the address of memory location of next coming instruction to be executed.(i.e. address of next instruction)

2.Segment Registers:

The memory space 1MB of 8086 is segmented into following four blocks.

code segment(CS) 👉 code segment contains the instruction that are to be executed. CS register addresses the code segment.
data segment(DS)👉 it contains the program define data, constants, etc. DS register addresses data segment.
stack segment(SS)👉it contains any data and address that the program needed to save temporarily or for subroutine. SS register addresses stack segment.
extra segment(ES)👉it contains extra data or program that are not accommodated in previous segment. ES register addresses extra segment.

3.Instruction Queue

BIU fetches the instruction byte while execution unit is executing operation. The prefetched instruction is saved in the group of high speed registers which is known as queue. It is of 6 bytes. The instruction codes are prefetched from the memory a head of the time so that there is always queue of instruction ready to execute. This mechanism is known as pipelining which speed up the processing task.

Execution unit(EU)

Functions:-

It decodes and execute the instructions that have been fetched by BIU

It consist of the following major functional part

General purpose registers (GPRS)
pointer and index register
ALU
Flag register
Timing and control unit

General Purpose Registers(GPRS):

8086 contains 4 general purpose registers which are of 16 bit.

AX: In and out instruction uses accumulator for input output and mostly arithmetic operation.
BX: Base register used also for addressing besides computation.
CX: Count register used for looping and computation purpose
DX: data register for normal computation especially for multiplication and division. When AX and DX are used as pair.

Pointer and Index Register:

8086 has two pointer and 2 index register.

SP → stack pointer
BP → base pointer
SI → source index
DI → destination index

ALU: It perform mathematical computation like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and logical function like AND , OR, NOT ,etc. and store the result in accumulator.

Flag registers: It is 16 bit register among which 9 flags are used and remaining 7 flags are unused

9 flags are divided into two group

status flag : it contains 6 flags (i.e. Over flow , sign, zero, auxiliary carry, parity, carry flags)
control flag : it contains 3 flags(i.e. directional, interrupt enable, Trap flags)

8086 MP Flags

Over flow flag (OF): it is set if there is carry from MSB.
Directional flag(DF): it is used for string processing for moving or comparing string characters. 1 indicate right to left and 0 indicate left to right.
Interrupt flag(IF): 8086 react to interrupt form external device if it is set to 1.
Trap flag(TF): if TF is set to 1 the processor runs on single step mode.

Q. Explain the process of assembling linking and executing assembly language program.

Steps in assembling linking and executing ASM

Assembler:

Convert source program into object program and generate .obj file.
Calculate off set address of data items in data segment and instruction in code segment.
it generates .ltr and .crf file which are optional that can be generated during runtime.
assembler reads each line of instruction as ASCII character and translate them into their respective machine code.
assembler also complain about syntax error if any.

Linking

it involves converting of object module (.obj) into machine executable code i.e .exe.
it completes the address left by assembler.
it combines separately assembled object files.
it creates .EXE, .LIB, .MAP files and .LIB, .MAP files are optional.

loading and executing

load the program into memory for the execution.
resolve the reaming address.
create the program segment prefix (PSP) before loading.
execute the program to generate the result.

Difference between one pass and two pass assembler is given below

Difference between synchronous bus and asynchronous bus

Difference between CISC and RISC

Write short note on DSP.

It is special type of CPU which provides ultra fast instruction sequence such as shift and add, multiply and add these are mostly used for intense signal processing.
DSP work with digital signal only so any analogy signal must be converted before using in DSP so there is requirement of ADC and DAC for displaying digital signal into analogy form.
Various DSP function can be implemented by using software and hardware. Software implementation is slow and hardware implementation required different architecture other than von Neumann.
DSP is based on Harvard architecture where data and program are stored separately so processing speed of processor is super.
They are target to special application such as audio card, video card, Fourier transform (FTT), etc.
specialized addressing mode.
single cycle –multiply accumulator capability
Motorola 3600

IOE Math IV 32 Mark solutions and Tricks method IOE Applied Mathematic IV

2021-02-09T15:42:00.002+05:45

IOE Math IV 👀 IOE Applied Mathematic IV Tips and Tricks by IOE ALL Subject Note

IOE Math IV Tips and Tricks by IOE ALL Subject Note

Click Download Button to download PDF

IOE Applied Mathematic IV

IV semester

2/5/2021

IOE All Subject Notes

https://notepulchowkcampus.blogspot.com/

Table of Contents

important Formulas 1

Complex analysis 2

To show function is analytical 2.1
C-R equation in polar form 2.2
Laplace in polar form 2.3

Harmonic function 3

Verify Harmonic function 3.1
Construct analytical function 3.2
Mini Thomson method 3.2.1

Conformal Mapping 4

Find Linear Transformation 4.1
Find fix points 4.2
Trick to identify Z & W 4.3

Cauchy's integral Theorem 5
Cauchy's integral Formula 6

Procedure to solve 6.1

Wave Equations 7

1- Dimensional wave equation 7.1
1-Dimensional Heat equation 7.2
2-Dimensional Heat equation 7.3

Remaining Notes will be updated in PDF as soon as possible

Electrical machine 1 IOE ALL Subject Notes

2021-02-08T23:46:00.003+05:45

Electric Machine I (ii/ii) IOE ALL SUBJECT NOTE notes

Working Principal of D.C. Motor

ð When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field then it experiences a mechanical force.

ð Flux is created by a field winding.

ð Armature winding plays a role of current carrying conductor.

Every conductor of armature experience a mechanical force that will produce a torque hence armature start to rotate.

So this is simple principle of working of dc motor.

Direction of rotation of motor

Magnitude of the force experienced by armature conductor is: F=BLI (N)

Where, B=Magnetic flux density produced by field winding.

L=Active length of the conductor

I= Magnitude of the current carrying by the conductor.

Direction of rotation is determined by Fleming's Left Hand Rule: The rule states that :- "out stretch the three figures of the left hand namely the first finger, middle figure and thumb such that they are mutually perpendicular to each other . Now point the first finger in the direction of magnetic field and the middle figure in the direction of current then the thumb gives the direction of force experienced by the armature conductor."

To reverse the direction of rotation either direction of main field produced by the field winding is reversed (case 1 and 3). Or the direction of current passing throw the armature is reversed (case 2 and 4).

Back E.M.F (E_b): once motor start rotating its conductor will cut the magnetic flux produce by field winding so by faraday law of electromagnetic induction there will be emf induced just like emf induced in case of DC generator so although it is motor but when conductor start rotating because of motoring action it will cut the magnetic flux and produce an emf which is called as back emf.

ð Back E.M.F. is generated by the generating action (moving conductors cutting the magnetic flux)

E_b=fPNZ/60A --------- EMF equation of motor

ð EMF is produced because of Faradays law of electromagnetic induction.

It direction is given by lenz's law: - Direction will be opposite of supply voltage.

Voltage Equation (V_s) = I_aR_a+E_b+V_brush

Role of Back EMF(Eb):

Back emf(Eb) plays very important role in DC motor. Followings are the various roles of back emf:

Back emf protect armature from short circuit.
if there is no back emf then armature current (Ia) will be very high. it is just like short circuiting applied voltage(V) with smaller value of armature resistance (Ra). as armature conductor are not designed for caring such a high current hence armature winding will be damaged.
Back emf produces required amount of torque according to increase or decrease external load torque .
if external load torque is increased then the speed of motor is decreased and therefore back emf will also decreased(as back emf (Eb) is directly proportional to N ). Hence armature current will be increased so motor will be able to produce required amount of torque.
similarly if external load torque is decreased then the speed of motor will be increased therefor back emf will also increase so armature current will be decreased hence torque produced by motor will also decreased.
in any energy converting system opposing agent is necessary in the absence of this opposing agent the system will not work
in dc motor back emf (Eb) plays the role of opposing agent.
back emf opposes the applied voltage(V) so that applied voltage has to force current through armature to against back emf
the electrical work done in opposition is converted into mechanical work in the form of mechanical rotation of arnature.

IOE Engineering mathematics third semester (MATH III SEM) Tips and tricks IOE 3rd sem 32 mark Conform

2021-01-29T09:48:00.005+05:45

IOE Engineering mathematics third semester (MATH III SEM) Tips and tricks IOE 3rd SEM 32 mark Conform IOE ALL SUBJECT NOTE

IOE Engineering mathematics third semester (B.E.) very important and easy in overall mathematics of III semester. The main aim to prepare for 32 marks conform.

Tips and tricks Math-III 32 Mark Conform👦

Download PDF Tips and Tricks IOE MATH-III SEM IDM

# Verification of Cayley Hamilton [5 mark]
#Eigen Vector and Eigen value[5 mark]
#Rank by minor of order[5 mark]
#Rank by triangular and echelon form[5 mark]
#Rank of matrix by normal and canonical form[5 mark]
#Test of Consistency[5 mark]
#Procedure of simplex method[10 mark]

Click me to Download PDF

Electrical Engineering material ioe notes very important questions and answers

2021-01-24T13:31:00.003+05:45

Electrical Engineering material(ii/i) ioe ALL SUBJECT NOTE notes
Download this note in pdf format Click on Download

Extrinsic Semiconductor

The conductivity of semiconductor risen when some element belonging to either group iii or group v in Mendeleev periodic table are added on it. These elements are called impurities. The extrinsic semiconductors doped with these impurities is called extrinsic semiconductor. These conductor are of two type :

1. P- Type semiconductor
2. N- Type semiconductor

N –Type semiconductor:

When a pentavalent impurity like Arsenic, Potassium, and Antimony is added to a pure semiconductor a n-type semiconductor is formed. The four electrons out of five valance electron of these impurities make covalent bond with four valance electron of si so one electron remains free on every add of impurities. This extra electron continuously revolves around the impurities in core.

In this type of semiconductor the concentration of electron increases with every add of impurities so it is called negative type(n-type) semiconductor since the pentavalent atom donate electrons for conduction so it is called donor. In n-type semiconductor e^- are majority charge carrier and holes are minty charge carrier.

If n and p represents extrinsic electron and hole concentration of semiconductor. The donor concentration then supposing all donor side are ionized.

The hole concentration in n-type semiconductor is less then the extrinsic hole concentration. This is because some electrons in conduction band recombines with holes in valance band so as to maintain n.p=ni². As we go an increasing concentration of donor atoms there by increasing majority carrier concentration. The munity carrier concentration will be decreased simultaneously this is called minty carriers suppressions.

The conductivity of semiconductor is given by:-

So the concentration is mainly due to mobility of electrons in n-type semiconductor.

P-Type semiconductor

When a trivalent impurity likes Boron (B), Al, Ge, In is added to pure Si, a p-type semiconductor is formed. The valence electron of these impurities can form only three complete covalent bonds with silicon which has four valance electrons there is deficiency of one electron to four bonds. This give rise to holes. In this type of semiconductor the concentration of hole increases with every add of impurities so is called positive type of semiconductor (P-type). Since trivalent atom creates a hole and this hole has tendency to accept an electrons so trivalent impurities is called as accepter.

Let n & p are electrons and hole in semiconductor Na is accepter concentration. The doping of trivalent impurities will increases the hole concentration in valance band but does not increases the electron concentration in conduction band so.

Therefore in p-type semiconductor hole concentration is nearly equal to accepter concentration

In trivalent doping of semiconductor the hole concentration increases and electron concentration decreases. This means the minority charger carrier are suppressed by majority charge carriers. This phenomenon is called minority carriers suppression.

Importance of Fermi –energy level:

ð For intrinsic semi conductor Fermi energy level.
ð It is important for4 understanding and determining electric and thermal properties of certain material.
ð They allows us to make calculation as to the density of electron and holes in material or relative amount of each depending on temperature.
ð This is crucial to our understanding of current flow throw semiconductor.
ð In metals the Fermi energy gives us information about velocity of electrons which participates in ordinary electron conduction.
ð For metals the density of conduction electrons can be implied from the Fermi energy
ð It is used to describe insulators metals and semiconductors
ð The Fermi level play an important role in bond theory of solids
ð In doped semiconductor p-type and n-type, the Fermi level is shifted by the impurities illustrated by their band gaps.

Compensation doping:-

It is a term used to describe the doping of semiconductor with both donors and accepters to control the properties. The effect of donors compensates for the effect of accepters and vice-versa.

For eg:-

A p-type semiconductor N_a accepter can be converted to an n-type semiconductor by simply adding donor until concentration N_d exceeds N_a . The holes due to accepter doping will recombine with electron due to donor doping.

Similarly a n-type semiconductor doped with Nd donor can be converted to P-type semiconductor by simply adding acceptor until concentration Na exceeds Nd. The electron due to donor doping will recombines with holes due to accepter doping so the hole concentration is

Therefore , the electron Concentration is given by

Where ni=intrinsic concentration

Temperature dependence of carrier concentration:-

Intrinsic concentration of semi conductor is given by :-

Equation (1) implies that electrons and holes concentration in intrinsic semiconductors are the functions of energy band gap and temperature of sample. Both Nc and Nv have T^(3/2) in their expression .So they are also the function of temperature. Since there is negative sign in exponential term it signifies that the increase in band gap will reduce intrinsic concentration and vice-versa. Both from the exponential term Nc and Nv it can be observed that the increase in temperature will cause increase in concentration as well. The energy band gap is built in characteristics of all material which cannot be altered. Whereas the temperature of sample can be controlled to suit or purpose.

a.) Low temperature range(T<T_s)

ð As the temperature is increased starting from very low temperature. Some of donors becomes ionized and donates the electrons to conduction band as shown in figure-1 . The silicon-silicon bond breaking i.e. thermal excitation from valance band to conduction is difficult because it takes too much energy. The donor ionizations continues until we reach a temperature called saturation temperature(T_s). where all donor atoms have been ionized. This temperature range up to T_s is called ionization range.

ECT Bode Plot HACK for magnitude and phase plot TABLE

2021-01-14T14:45:00.003+05:45

ECT BODE PLOT HACK 8 Mark COMFORM for ECT ioe final exam

Table 1: Magnitude Plot Table 👇

Table 2: Phase Plot table for bode plot

Starting point of Phase plot:

Download all tables for bode plot in a pdf file

Resonance of series LRC circuit ECT & Ioe Regular VVI Question for ECT Question no1

2021-01-12T21:20:00.003+05:45

Resonance of series LRC circuit VVI Question ECT | IOE Exam Regular

From figure 1. Voltage across each component of circuit

Applying KVL in circuit

Thus, we see that magnitude of current depends upon the frequency.

The inductive reactance is given by:-

At higher frequency XC is low and XL is high as at lower frequency XC is increased and XL is decreased. But there will be a frequency at which XL=XC this frequency is known as resonance frequency.

Conclusions:

1. XL=XC
2. Impedance of the circuit is minimum i.e. Z=R
3. Current flowing in circuit will be maximum. i.e I=V/R
4. Voltage across Xc will be equal to XL but 180 out of phase which cancel out each other.
5. power factor is unity. i.e. pf = 1
6. phase angle between voltage and current will be equal to zero.
7. circuit behaves like purely resistive circuit.
8. Total supply voltage will be appear at resistor. i.e.V=VR

C++ IOE Note By Anup sir(IOE Pulchowk all subject note )

2021-01-06T20:33:00.006+05:45

C++ IOE Note By Anup sir(IOE Pulchowk blog)

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Exception Handling:

It is required to develop a fault tolerance software system. If a software program is provided with exceptional handling mechanism then the software will smoothly run in spite of presence of fault.

Exception handling mechanism generally uses three keywords they are:

try , catch and throw statement.

è The part of code that generate the exception should be placed in try block.

è if any exception occurs then it is thrown using throw keyword

è the exception handling code or mechanism is placed in catch block.

Example 1 of exception handling in c++ :
Example of exception handling in oop :

#include<iostream>

#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

int a,b,x;

cout<<"Work: a/(a-b)\nEnter the value of a and b"<<endl;

cin>>a>>b;

x=a-b;

try

{

if (x!=0)

{

cout<<"\nThe division is "<<a/x<<endl;

}

else

{

throw(x);

}

catch(int y)

{

cout<<"\nException is found"<<"Division can not occur by zero difference"<<y<<""<<y;

}

return 0;

}

exception handling in c++ :

Example 2 of exception handling in c++
Example 2 of exception handling in oop

#include<iostream>

#include<math.h>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

float x;

int a;

cout<<"\nEnter number"<<endl;

cin>>a;

try

{

if( a>0)

{

x=sqrt(a);

cout<<"\nSquare root of "<<a<<"is "<<x<<endl;

}

else

{

throw(a);

}

catch(int x)

{

cout<<"Square root of negative number "<<a<<" is not possible"<<endl;

}

return 0;

}

Re throwing exception:

if we can not handle the exception completely i.e. caught by catch block then we rethrow that exception by using throw keyword only without using any argument. This is called re throwing exception.

this cause the current expression to be pass into the out of try catch block;

Example of re throwing exception.in c++:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

int a,b,x,c;

cout<<"Enter the value of a and b"<<endl;

cin>>a>>b;

x=a-b;

try{

if(x!=0)

{

cout<<"The resul is "<<(a/x)<<endl;

}

else

{

throw(x);

}

catch(int x)

{

cout<<"\nException Found\n";

throw;

}

return 0;

}

Catching all exception:

in c++ there is provision of catching all exception raised in try block of code without considering their data type. This provision is known as catching all exception.

in other word catching all exception will catch all the exception of any data type raised from try block.

syntax for catching all exception:

catch(…)

{

//handling all type of exception

}

Example of catching all exception in c++:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

void function(int test)

{

try

{

if (test==0)

{

throw(test);

}

else if (test==1)

{

throw(1);

}

else if (test==2)

{

throw(2);

}

else

{

cout<<"\nCalled function other than 0, 1,2";

}

catch(...)

{

cout<<"All Exception Caught";

}

int main()

{

cout<<"\nCalling function with 0";

function(0);

cout<<"\nCalling function with 1";

function(1);

cout<<"\nCalling function with 2";

function(2);

cout<<"\nCalling function with 3";

function(3);

return 0;

}

Multiple handling

In C++ there is provison of handling multiple exception that is generated from try block

but in the case of multiple handler we use separate catch block to handle exception of each data type.

Example of multiple handling in c++

catch (int a)

{

cout<<"integer found"<<endl;

}

catch (char ch)

{

cout<<"character found"<<endl;

}

catch (float c)

{

cout<<"float found"<<endl;

}

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Hand Written IOE Notes by: IOE Pulchowk All Subjects Note (notepulchowkcampus.blogspot.com)

OOP C++ IOE NOTE NCE NOTE

2021-01-02T10:07:00.001+05:45

C++ IOE Computer Electrical OOP Note for final exam for 32 Mark conform

Inline function:

It is the function that is expanded inline when it is called with corresponding code. The syntax for making inline is inline return-type function-name(no arguments/arguments)

Note:- inline function should always have return type.

Advantage:

It reduces the exception time of a program with function having fewer lines of codes.

Disadvantage:

The execution time of inline function is more than normal function if the function has the larger number of codes or more lines of code.
It does not work for the recursive course.

Default Arguments:

C++ allows programmers to call a function without specifying all its arguments. In such case function assigned a default value to the parameters which does not have matching arguments in function call. These value in function definition are called default arguments.

Note: while assigning a default value , we should place the default from right to left.

eg:-

float simple (int P, int t, float r=0.15) (default argumernt or legal)
float simple(int p, int t=2,float r) (illegal)
float simple(int p, int t=2,float r=0.15) (legal)

Inline and default arguments:

function overloading:

function overloading means using same function name to perform variety of task. But in function overloading we must consider two things. They are:

1. Either the number of arguments in function should be different (the number of input to function should vary).
2. if the number of arguments are same then the data type of the function arguments should be different number of parameter different.

Note: return type has no role in function overloading

int sum(int a, int b)

{

return (a+b);

}

int sum(int a1, int b1, int c1)

{

return(a1+b1+c1);

}

int sum(int d)

{

return (d+5);

}

void main()

{

cout<<"The sum of one variable"<<sum(10)<<endl;

cout<<"The sum of two variable"<<sum(10,20)<<endl;

cout<<"The sum of three vriable"<<sum(10,20,30)<<endl;

getch();

}

Q. write a program to calculate the area of rectangle and triangle using concept of function overloading.

type II

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

int area(int l, int b)

{

return (l*b)

}

float area(int b, float h)

{

return (0.5*b*h);

}

void main()

{

int l1,b1;

float h;

cout<<"Enter the value of l1,b1 & h1<<endl;

cin>>l1>>b1>>h1;

cout<<"The area of rectangle is <<area(l1,b1)<<endl;

cout<<"The area of triangle is<<area(l1,h1);

getch();

}

Reference variable:

Ans: Is an alternative name given to the original variable. any changes made to reference variable will change original variable and vice versa.

the syntax for making reference variable is:-

data-type & reference_variable = original variable

eg:- int &a(reference variable)=X(original variable)

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

void main()

{

int x=5;

int &a=x; // making refrance variable

a=a+5;

cout<<"The value of x is"<<x<<endl;

getch();

}

output =10

Q. is the concept of alternative variable used for pass by reference ? if yes show with an appropriate example.

Ans: pass by reference: provision of reference variable in c++ allows us to pass parameter to the function by reference. when we pass argument by reference the formal argument in the function call (the input variable of function definition) becomes alternative variable ( or reference variable) of the variable in function call.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

void swap (int &a, &b)

{

int temp=a;

a=b;

b=temp;

}

void main()

{

int x1=5,y1=6;

cout<<"before swapping x1="<<x1<<endl<<"y1="<<y1<<endl;

swap(x1,y1); // function call

cout<<"After swapping"<<"x1="<<x1<<endl<<"y1"<<y1<<endl;

getch();

}

Q. wap to calculate area and perimeter of rectangle in a function and display the result in main().

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

void rectangle(int l, int b, int &A1, int &P1)

{

A1=l*b;

P1=2*(l+b);

}

void main()

{

int l1,b1,A,P;

cout<<"Enter the value of l1 and b1"<<endl;

cin>>l1>>b1;

rectangle (l1,b1,A,P);

cout<<"Area of rectangle is "<<A<<endl<<"Perimeter of rectangle is"<<P<<endl;

getch();

}

Return by reference:

In return by reference in true case c++ assign a reference value . in return by the function is called as:

syntax: function call = reference value;

eg:-

Max(a,b)=200; (reference value )

the syntax for function definition in return by reference is

return-type & function_name(data_type1 & variable1,data type2 and variable 2...... upto n)

example of return by reference:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

int &Max(int &a, int &b)

{

if (a>b);

{

return (a);

}

else

{

return (b);

}

void main()

{

int a=10, b=5;

Max(a,b)=200; // function call

cout<<"a="<<a<<endl<<"b="<<b<<endl;

getch();

}

output: a=10, b=5

Q. How memory is allocated dynamically for normal variable and array?

Ans: Memory is allocated dynamically for normal variable by using syntax:-

pointer-variable = new data type

eg:-

int *p;

p=new int;

alternatively we can combine to allocate dynamically

syntax: data-type *pointer variable = new data type

for array

syntax

data type *pointer = new data type (size)

eg:-

int *p = new int [20];

class and object:

class:

1. a class is a way to bind data and associated function together.
2. it allows data and function to hidden if necessary for external use.
3. defining a class means creating a user defined data type that behaves as built in data.
4. once a class has been declared we can create any number of object belonging to that class.

syntax:

class class_name

{

private:

data member;

member function;

public:

data member;

member function;

}; //end of class

Generally data are placed in private section and function are placed in public section.

5. class contains both data and function . Data are called data member and function are called member function.
6. data and function are defined in private section are not accessible out of the class.
7. data and function placed in public section are only accessible from outside the class.
8. the word private is optional . the data in function of class by default private.

object:

ð object are the basic entities of oop. the object may be person place or anything's that have some physical attribute. Object are the variable of class in terms of programming.

syntax:

class_name objects_name(variable name)

Explain how the magnitude and direction of displacement can be measured with the help of an inductive sensor? [2075 Bharda 6 Mark]

2020-09-14T18:24:00.008+05:45

Ans: We can measure the magnitude and direction of displacement with the help of linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) which is described below:-

Working Principle:

when a sinusoidal input V_i=V_msinѠt is applied to the primary winding, a sinusoidal flux will link with primary winding(p), as well as two secondary windings S₁ and S₂ due to high permeability of the core the reluctance of the path will be very low . As S₁, S₂ are stationary and the flux is rotating, the flux will cut both S₁ and S₂. So, there will be induced emf e₀₁ and e₀₂ in S₁ and S₂ respectively. As S₁ and S₂ are connected in series opposition, the differential output, Δe₀= e₀₁- e₀₂. The differential output Δe₀ will be either in phase with input voltage (V_i) or it will be 180 out of phase with input voltage (V_i)

Figure 2: variation of output voltage with linear displacement

Figure 1: linear variable differential transformer

Case I: core at the midpoint between S₁ and S₂

Suppose no displacement is applied then the iron core will be in the middle of the S₁and S₂in that case the flux linking with both S₁ and S₂ will be same ideally. So, the induced emf e₀₁ and e₀₂ will be equal. Hence ideally the differential output Δe₀= e₀₁- e₀₂=0. But in actual practice, there will be some differential output due to the harmonics. This differential output is known as residual voltage as shown in figure 2

Case II: core moving left side

let’s us suppose a moving object is connected to the shaft and the object is moving in the left-hand side then the flux linking with S₁ increases and that of S₂ decreases. So e₀₁ increases and e₀₂ decreases and the differential output, Δe₀= e₀₁- e₀₂ increases. So, there exists a linear relation between the differential output and the displacement up to the saturation point as shown in figure 2.and the differential output in this case is in phase with input voltage (V_i).

Case III: Core moving right side:

Again, let’s suppose the core is at the mid-point and a moving object is connected to shaft and now it is moving in right hand side flux linking with S₂ increases and that of S₁ decreases. So, e₀₂ increases and e₀₁ decreases and the differential output, Δe₀= e₀₂- e₀₁ increases again there exists a linear relation between differential output and the displacement up to the saturation point as shown in the figure 2 and beyond saturation point that relation is no more linear. and the differential output in this case is 180⁰out of phase with input voltage (V_i).

So, we conclude that magnitude of differential output gives the magnitude of displacement and phase angle of differential output gives the direction of displacement in this way, we can measure both direction and magnitude of the displacement by using LVDT .

2075 Chaitra OOP pulchowk campus engineering note

2020-05-23T18:20:00.000+05:45

2075 Chaitra Regular engineering note

2075 Chaitra Regular Object-Oriented Programming IOE Pulchowk engineering note

1. What are the main features of Object-Oriented Programming? Would you consider it better than structured programming? If you do, what makes it better? Write down its advantages and disadvantages.

2. What do you mean by constructor and destructor? Explain the necessity of copy constructor with example. Also, explain the order of the invocation of constructor and destructor with example.

3. What type of language is C++? Explain its features.

4. What is function overloading? How is pass by reference done in C++? Explain with a suitable example.

5. Write the syntax of operator overloading. Create a class called time that has separate int member data for hours, minutes, and seconds. One constructor should initialize this data to zero (0), and another should initialize it to fixed values. A member function should display it in 10:45:30 format. The final member function should add two objects of type time passed as arguments using operator overloading.

6 How the function overriding differ from function overloading? When do we face ambiguity problems in multiple inheritances? Explain.

7. What is pure virtual function? Discuss the role of virtual functions in C++ to cause dynamic polymorphism. Show with an example of how it is different from the compile-time polymorphism.

8. What are different file access pointers? Write a program to store and retrieve the information of the Client(Client ID, Account ID, name, address, and age) in the Bank management system. Also, calculate the total number of clients in a bank.

9. Explain the function template? How do you use the function template with multiple template types? Give an example

10. What is an exception and what is the mechanism of exception handling in C++? Write a program to illustrate the process of handling multiple exceptions.

~~full-width~~

IOE Pulchowk All Subjects Note

signal analysis ioe notes and signal analysis old question solution

Signal Analysis ioe Notes

what is signal.?

Types of signal

Continuous time signal

Discrete time signals

IOE first year Notes for C Programming and old questions solutions

What is Software?

This software is also divided into two types

Programming language

What do you mean by Program?

What do you mean by programming language ?

There are two types of programming language.

It is also divided into two types. they are

Compiler, Interpreter and Assembler

Structured Programming

Design FlowChart and Algorithm

Rules for writing variable name in C

Operators in C

Rules for Evaluation of Expression

Control Statements in C

Call by Value

Call by Reference

IOE Notes and Syllabus for First Year all part BCT BEL BEX BCE

IOE First Year Syllabus

First Semester syllabus

Second Semester Syllabus

Download Question Bank for BCT | BEL | BEX | BCE

Download Computer Programming Lab Reports & codes

Electrical Engineering Material Question Bank solution pdf IOE All Subject Note pdf

Define population density

Thermionic Emission

Work function

Schottky Effect

Explain the necessity of quantum mechanics.

Chapter 2 : Free Electron Theory of Conduction in Metal

Crystalline Structure:

Unit cell:

Co-ordination Number :

Packing density:

IOE 2074 Ashwin Electrical Engineering Material Old Question Solution

1.a). Explain the importance of quantum mechanics. Differentiate between classical and quantum mechanics with suitable examples.

IOE 2068 Shrawan Electrical Engineering Material Past question solution

1.a) What is tunneling phenomenon? Derive the expression for the probability of tunneling the potential barrier of width L and height V by electron.

Fermi Energy:

Electric machine 2 ioe notes

pulchowk note for Electric machine 2 ioe em 2 note. ioe old question solution ioeallsubjectnotes

DOUBLE FIELD REVOLVING THEORY

TORQUE SPEED CHARACTERISTICS

forward and backward slip

IOE Control System Note BEL BCT BEX Steps for root locus

IOE Control System Note | Plot of root locus & loci | Design lead lag compensator | RH criteria | Bode plot | | By IOE All Subject Notes | |

Root Locus analysis

Steps to sketch root locus in graph

Step1: Plot the open loop poles and zeros.:

Step2: Determine the root loci on real axis.

Step3: Number of root loci

Step4: Centroid of Asymptotes(σA)

Step 5: Angle of asymptotes

Step6: Calculation of break away or break in point

Step7: Determine the point where the root cross the imaginary axis.

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Power System Analysis II IOE Notes and Question Bank solutions

Power System Analysis II by IOE ALL SUBJECT NOTES Download and read digitally all pdf now on smart phone (IOE PULCHOWK Notes |BE | Notes)

1.a. What do you mean by interconnected power system? Describe merits and demerits of the interconnected system.

Merits of interconnected power system

Demerits of interconnected power system

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Power system analysis 1 Get IOE ALL Subject notes and Important Questions
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von Neumann architecture
Harvard architecture

8086 Architecture (40 pin IC)
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# Verification of Cayley Hamilton [5 mark]
#Eigen Vector and Eigen value[5 mark]
#Rank by minor of order[5 mark]
#Rank by triangular and echelon form[5 mark]
#Rank of matrix by normal and canonical form[5 mark]
#Test of Consistency[5 mark]
#Procedure of simplex method[10 mark]

Electrical Engineering material(ii/i) ioe ALL SUBJECT NOTE notes
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Table 2: Phase Plot table for bode plot

Starting point of Phase plot:

Download all tables for bode plot in a pdf file

Starting point of Phase plot:

Download all tables for bode plot in a pdf file