System Administration

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2012-02-12T21:37:00.000-08:00

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General Keyboard Shortcuts

2012-02-10T03:34:00.000-08:00

In this article i have gave lot of keyboard shortcuts, evnthough most of them know.. Please share it all your friends

CTRL+C (Copy)

CTRL+X (Cut)

CTRL+V (Paste)

CTRL+Z (Undo)

DELETE (Delete)

SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)

CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)

CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)

F2 key (Rename the selected item)

CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)

CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)

CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)

CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)

CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)

SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)

CTRL+A (Select all)

F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)

ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)

ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)

ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)

ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)

CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)

ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)

ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)

F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)

F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)

SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)

ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)

CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)

ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)

Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)

F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)

RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)

LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)

F5 key (Update the active window)

BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)

ESC (Cancel the current task)

SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)

CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)

TAB (Move forward through the options)

SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)

ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)

ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)

SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)

Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)

F1 key (Display Help)

F4 key (Display the items in the active list)

BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)

Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)

Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)

Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)

Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)

Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)

Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)

CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)

Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)

Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)

Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)

Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)

Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts

Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)

Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)

Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)

SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)

NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)

Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)

Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts

END (Display the bottom of the active window)

HOME (Display the top of the active window)

NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)

NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)

NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)

LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)

RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)

Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:

RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)

LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)

UP ARROW (Move up one row)

DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)

PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)

PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)

HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)

END (Move to the end of the line)

CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)

CTRL+END (Move to the last character)

SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)

Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL+O (Open a saved console)

CTRL+N (Open a new console)

CTRL+S (Save the open console)

CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)

CTRL+W (Open a new window)

F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)

ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)

ALT+F4 (Close the console)

ALT+A (Display the Action menu)

ALT+V (Display the View menu)

ALT+F (Display the File menu)

ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)

ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)

SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)

F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)

F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)

CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)

CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)

ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)

F2 key (Rename the selected item)

CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut
closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)

ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)

ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)

ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)

ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)

CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)

ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)

CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server

clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server

clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
Microsoft Internet Explorer Navigation

CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)

CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)

CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)

CTRL+H (Open the History bar)

CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)

CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)

CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)

CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)

CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)

CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)

CTRL+W (Close the current window)

Change text on XP start button

2012-02-10T03:27:00.000-08:00

Step 1 - Modify Explorer.exe File

In order to make the changes, the file explorer.exe located at C:\Windows needs to be edited. Since explorer.exe is a binary file it requires a special editor. For purposes of this article I have used Resource Hacker.

Resource HackerTM is a freeware utility to view, modify, rename, add, delete and extract resources in 32bit Windows executables and resource files (*.res). It incorporates an internal resource script compiler and decompiler and works on Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Windows XP operating systems. get this from h**p://delphi.icm.edu.pl/ftp/tools/ResHack.zip

The first step is to make a backup copy of the file explorer.exe located at C:\Windows\explorer. Place it in a folder somewhere on your hard drive where it will be safe. Start Resource Hacker and open explorer.exe located at C:\Windows\explorer.exe.

The category we are going to be using is "String Table". Expand it by clicking the plus sign then navigate down to and expand string 37 followed by highlighting 1033. If you are using the Classic Layout rather than the XP Layout, use number 38. The right hand pane will display the stringtable. We’re going to modify item 578, currently showing the word “start” just as it displays on the current Start button. There is no magic here. Just double click on the word “start” so that it’s highlighted, making sure the quotation marks are not part of the highlight. They need to remain in place, surrounding the new text that you’ll type. Go ahead and type your new entry. In my case I used Click Me!

You’ll notice that after the new text string has been entered the Compile Script button that was grayed out is now active. I won’t get into what’s involved in compiling a script, but suffice it to say it’s going to make this exercise worthwhile. Click Compile Script and then save the altered file using the Save As command on the File Menu. Do not use the Save command – Make sure to use the Save As command and choose a name for the file. Save the newly named file to C:\Windows.

Step 2 – Modify the Registry
!!!make a backup of your registry before making changes!!!
Now that the modified explorer.exe has been created it’s necessary to modify the registry so the file will be recognized when the user logs on to the system. If you don’t know how to access the registry I’m not sure this article is for you, but just in case it’s a temporary memory lapse, go to Start (soon to be something else) Run and type regedit in the Open field. Navigate to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SOFTWARE\ Microsoft\ Windows NT\ CurrentVersion\ Winlogon
In the right pane, double click the "Shell" entry to open the Edit String dialog box. In Value data: line, enter the name that was used to save the modified explorer.exe file. Click OK.

Close Registry Editor and either log off the system and log back in, or reboot the entire system if that’s your preference. If all went as planned you should see your new Start button with the revised text.

Earn Money While we browse internet very easy

2011-11-02T20:41:00.000-07:00

Friends,

Now i have registered with mybrowsercash. It is very simple way to earn money online. Just register your account through this link http://www.mybrowsercash.com/index.php?refid=59514 . After the registration you need to download a Addon and install it, this addon is used for serving ads for us. It automatically show a pop up windows for Advertisement while we are browsing on the internet, just we need to click it. daily one time we need to login and set the settings for ad frequency from account settings. find the below screen shots.

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How to delete the print jobs by commands

2011-07-04T21:38:00.000-07:00

If you stuck to delete the print jobs, the alternate way is through commands.

Here we will use just simple commands like net, cd and del.

Step 1: - To stop the printer spooler - from command prompt - net stop spooler

Step 2:- To entering the printer directory - from command prompt - cd \windows\system32\spool\printers

Step 3:- Delete the .shd extension files - from command prompt - del *.shd

Step 4:- Delete the .spl extension files - from command prompt - del *.spl

Step 5:- Finally start the printer spooler - from command prompt - net start spooler

Now check the printer tray icon and refresh it.

How to view forest and domain functional levels

2011-06-21T23:14:00.000-07:00

To viewing the forest and domain functional level in the active directory.

Step 1 :- Open the active directory users and computers mmc snap in console. By executing the command dsa.msc .

Step2 :- Right click on the root domain and click properties. now domain properties will open. From there we can view the domain and forest functional levels under in the general tab.

We can view the information from windows xp and windows server. In windows xp , windows 2003 support should be installed to view the information .For more information watch the below video.

Active Directory – Container objects

2011-06-10T06:48:00.000-07:00

Continue from my previous post... http://serveradministrators.blogspot.com/2011/06/active-directory-components.html

Container Objects:-

1. Forest

2. Domain Trees

3. Domains

4. OU’s

Forest:-

The largest container objects with active directory are forest. The forest container defines the fundamental security boundary within the Active directory. Which means that users can access resources across an AD forest using the single logon / password combination additional logon would be?

Required to access resources across more than one forest.

To improve the efficiency of active directory, it divides information into multiple partitions also called naming contexts (NCs). Each domain controller copies of the ntds.dit database file will contain a minimum of three Naming contexts. The following two naming context are replicated forest-wide and are thus stored in the ntds.dit file on every domain controller in a forest.

1. Schema NC (or) Schema Partition

2. Configuration partition (or) configuration NC

Schema NC:-

The schema partition or schema NC contains the rules and definitions that are used for creating and modifying object classes and attributes within active directory.

Configuration Partition:-

The configuration partition or configuration NC contains the information regarding the physical topology of the network as well as other configuration data that must be replicated throughout the forest.

Because the schema NC is replicated forest wide, each AD forest has a single schema that is shared by every domain and domain tree within the forest. The information in the configuration NC is similarly shared by all domains in a single forest.

Each domain controller also stores a copy of the domain NC, which is replicated to each DC within a single domain. The domain NC consists of users, computer and other resources information for a particular active directory domain.

In my next post I will explain about components of Domain trees, domains and OU’s.

Active Directory Components

2011-06-08T23:13:00.000-07:00

Each component in the active directory can be categorized as either container object or leaf object.

Container object is one that can have other objects. It can be additional container objects as well as leaf objects.

Leaf objects is usually refers to a resources such as a printers, folders, user or groups.

Container objects like forest, domain trees, domains and OU's.

I will post in detail about container object at later post..

How to test IPV6 connectivity

2011-06-08T07:18:00.001-07:00

IPV6 is the next and new generation of IP address. This technology is implementation due to enormous growth of internet users. Now today (June 8, 2011) is the IPV6 day. In this day most of the websites are they provide content IPV4 and IPV6, the process conducted by ISOC (the Internet society). The test conduct for a day, it will end on June 9, 2011. We can also check the connectivity by this http://test-ipv6.com/ website.

VB script to view system serial number

2011-06-03T09:43:00.001-07:00

Copy the below code and save it as filename.vbs extension. then execute it

ComputerName = InputBox("Enter the name of the computer you wish to query")

winmgmt1 = "winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!//"& ComputerName &""

'WScript.Echo winmgmt1

Set SNSet = GetObject( winmgmt1 ).InstancesOf ("Win32_BIOS")

for each SN in SNSet

MsgBox "The serial number for the specified computer is: " & SN.SerialNumber

Next

MCITP Tutorials launched - mcitptutorials.com

2011-05-03T09:23:00.000-07:00

Friends,

I have created a new website for MCITP certification ( for all. Their i would like to share the knowledge. send all your requirements on server 2008. am expecting the comments from all of them

VB script to create OU in active directory

2011-04-14T04:10:00.000-07:00

A Simple vb script to create a OU ( Organizational unit ) in the Active directory. Please find the below script, edit the script as your needs. I will explain in both picture and video. Please tell your comments.

Set objDomain = GetObject("LDAP://DC=test, DC=com")

Set objOU = objDomain.Create("organizationalUnit", "OU=North_Bay")

objOU.SetInfo

Trust types in active directory

2011-04-09T20:10:00.000-07:00

Communications between the domains through trusts. The trust are authentication pipelines that are must be present in order for clients in one domain to access resources in another domain. By default two trusts are created, during the active directory installation. The other four types of trust can be created using the new trust wizard or netdom cmd line tool.

Trust protocols in active directory

2011-04-09T18:52:00.001-07:00

The Domain controller running windows 2003 server authenticates users and application using one of the two protocols: kerberos and NTLM. The kerberos protocol is the default protocol for clients running windows 2000, XP Pro or Server 2003. The kerberos protocol, the client request a ticket from a domain controller in its domain to the server in the trusting domain., the ticket issued by an intermediary trusted by the client and the server. The client presents this trusted ticket to the server in the trusting domain for authentication.
If a client tries too access resources on a server in another domain using NTLM authentication, the server containing the resources must contact a domain controller in the client account domain to verify the account credentials.

Active directory trust in windows 2000 and windows 2003

2011-04-09T18:39:00.000-07:00

All trusts in a Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 forest are transitive, two-way trusts. Therefore, both domains in a trust relationship are trusted.

Trusts in Windows NT

2011-04-09T18:30:00.001-07:00

In windows NT 4.0 the trust are limited to two domains and the trust relationship is one-way and non-transitive.

What is mean by Trust in active directory

2011-04-09T18:21:00.001-07:00

A trust is a relationship between domains that enable the users in one domain to be authenticated by a domain controller in the other domain. the trust relationship in NT are differ than in windows 2000 and windows server 2003.

Types of Schema Modifications in active directory

2011-04-07T06:23:00.000-07:00

The following modification, we can make in the schema on the active directory

Redefining a deactivated class or attribute

Creating a new attribute

Modifying an existing attribute

Deactivating a class or an attribute

Activating a deactivated class or attribute

Creating a new class

Modifying an existing class

I will post about the above topics in detail, As Soon as possible

How to get or find the remote system up-time.

2011-04-05T22:06:00.000-07:00

To find the system uptime in the local system.

In local system we can find the system uptime, by using the following command in the command prompt.

“net stats srv”

It will give the system statistics with uptime…

To find the system uptime of remote system.

We find the remote system uptime, with the help of PSTOOL utility. We need to download the utility from the following location http://download.sysinternals.com/Files/PsTools.zip. After download and extract the zip file and extract to “C” Drive or any location. Then go to the command prompt in the pstool extracted location. For example c:\pstool.

In the command prompt the below syntax command will be used for login to remote system.

Psexec \\remotesystemname or \\remotesystem-ipaddress cmd

The cmd is used for login to remote system command prompt.

Example:-

C:\pstool>psexec \\192.168.100.88 cmd

After executing this command, remote system command prompt will appear.

C:\windows\system32>

Then execute this command “net stats srv”. You will get the results for remote system uptime and statistics.

Group types in active directory

2011-04-05T06:27:00.000-07:00

Group is a collection of user, computer accounts and other group accounts into controllable unit. Groups help simplify network tasks, maintenance and administrations.

Two types of Groups in Active directory:-

Distributions groups
Security groups

Distributions groups:-

This group can be used only for e-mail distributions such as in exchange server, for sending the e-mail to multiple users. It’s not securely-enabled; because it not listed in DACLs (Discretionary access control lists). We can’t use to filter group policy settings and also we can’t give permission to this type of groups.

Security groups:-

This group can be used to grant permission for resources like shared folders. It is listed in the DACLs. If we would like assign permission for a shared folder to 200 users, better way to create a security group and assign the permission to that group and add users that group. We can assign user rights to security groups, by using GP (group policy) to help delegate specific tasks.

What are Schema Classes and Attributes

2011-04-04T03:42:00.000-07:00

If we create a directory object is an instance of an object class it’s contained in the schema. Every object class contains a list of associated attributes, it’s give the information of the object. Attributes and classes defined independently, so single attribute can contain with multiple classes. All attributes and schema classes are defined by the class schema and attribute schema objects.

There are three types of classes in the schema.

Structural Class – this class is used to objects like (computers and users) in the active directory.

Abstract Class – this class is used to deriving the structural classes

Auxiliary Class – this class contains predefined attributes, it can be include in the structural and abstract classes.

Class Schema:

ClassSchema object is used to define the classes in the schema, it provide the template for building active directory objects of the class.

Attributes Schema:

AttributeSchema objects are used to define attributes in the schema. An attributeSchema object determines the allowable contents and syntax for instances of that attribute in the director

How to migrate printer servers by using "printbrm" utility

2011-04-03T01:48:00.000-07:00

            The "printbrm" tools is located in the "%windir%\system32\spool\tool". By using the printbrm tool we can export print queues, printer settings, printer ports, and language monitors; Also we can import to another printer server running a windows operating system. We can do this in a efficient way.

Examples:-

     To Export the printer settings.

   Printbrm -s \\<sourcecomputername> -b -f <filename>.printerExport

   To migrate or transfer the printer settings to another printer server.

     Printbrm -s \\<destinationcomputername> -r -f <filename>.printerExport

What is schema in the active directory?

2011-03-28T22:08:00.000-07:00

The schema contains the definition for all the objects (example: user, computer and printers) in the directory. If we create an object in an active directory, it is validated against the corresponding object definition in the schema before being record to the directory. The schema is made up of classes and attributes. The default schema contains a set of object classes and attributes to meet our desired needs. Schema is extensible; we can modify and add attributes and classes to the base schema. Schema changes can affect the entire network. So before changing the schema, test in the lab environment.

FSMO - flexible single master operation - explained

2011-03-23T04:25:00.000-07:00

Forest-wide roles

1) Schema Master

2) Domain naming master

Domain-Wide Roles

1) Relative Identifier master

2) PDC Emulator

3) Infrastructure Master

Schema master:

Schema master is a forest-wide operation master role because it contains the master list of objects classes and attributes that are used to create all active directory objects, for example users, computers and printers. Domain controller that holds the schema master role is the only domain controller that can perform write operation to the directory schema. The objects updates are replicated from the schema operation master to all other domain controller in the forest.

Domain Naming Master

Domain naming master is a forest-wide operation master role. It manages the addition or remove of all directory partition regardless of domain in the forest hierarchy. The domain naming master can perform the below operation.

"Add or remove-reference objects"

"Add or remove domains"

"Add or remove application directory partitions"

"Validate domain rename instructions"

Add or remove-reference objects

If we install Active directory, the first domain controller in a new forest, the schema, configuration and directory partition will create on the domain controller. At this time, a cross-reference object (class crossRef) will be created for each directory partition. A cross-reference object identifies the name and server location of each directory partition in the forest domain. If the domain naming master is not working, then we cannot add or remove cross-reference objects. Cross-reference object looks like (CN=partitions,CN=configuration,DC=forestrootdomain).

Add or Remove domains

Domain naming master has the authority to add a new domain. It manages this process preventing the multiple domains from joining the forest with the same domain name. During active directory installation to create or delete a child domain, it will contacts the domain naming master and request the add or remove process. It only responsible to ensure that domain names are unique.

Add or remove application directory partitions

Application directory partitions that can be created on domain controllers running windows server 2003 or later to provide LDAP storage for dynamic data. DNS creates and uses application directory partitions by default when it is installed in a forest with the domain controller that runs windows 2003 or later. DNS automatically created two default DNS application directory partition (ForestDnsZone & DomainDnsZones).

Validate domain rename instructions.

When we use the domain rename tool, random.exe, to rename domain. It should be able to access the domain naming master.

Relative Identifier master

RID master is a domain-wide operations master role. It only responsible for allocating the sequence of unique RIDs to each domain controller in its domain and all objects. It maintains a pool of RIDs to be used by domain controllers in its domain and providing group of RIDs to each domain controller when necessary. When we create a new domain controller is added to domain, the RID master allocates batch of approximately 500 RIDS from the domain RID pool to that domain controller. Whenever create a new security principal is created on the domain controller, the domain controller draws from its local pool of RIDs and assign to new object.

PDC Emulator

It acts as a Windows NT PDC in domains that contains client computers operating without AD client software or Windows NT backup domain controllers (BDC). In addition, the PDC emulator processes password changes from clients and replicates that updates to the Windows NT BDC. If logon authentication fails at another domain controller due to a bad password, that domain controller forwards the authentication request to the PDC emulator before rejecting the logon attempt.

Infrastructure Master

Infrastructure master responsible for updating object reference in its domain that point to the object in another domain. It updates object reference locally and uses replication to bring all other replicas of the domain up to date. The object reference contains the objects globally unique identifier (GUID), distinguished name and possibly a SID. The distinguished name and SID on the object reference are periodically updated to reflect changes made to the actual object.

Operation Master and corresponding Directory Partition detail

2011-03-22T06:06:00.000-07:00

If an FSMO role that has been taken offline is intentionally or unintentionally returned to services, it should replicate changes on the directory partition. The directory partitions maintain each operations master are defined in the following tabular column.

Opearation Master Role	Directory Partition
Schema Master	Schema Partition
Domain Naming Master	Configuration Partition
PDC(Primary Domain Controller) emulator	Domain Partition for the operation master role owners domain
RID Master	Domain partition for the opearation master role owners doamin
Infrastructure Master	Domain partition for the opearation master role owners doamin