JavaBeat Articles

What is XPath?

XPath is a language for addressing an XML document's elements and attributes. As an example, say you receive an XML document that contains the details of a shipment and you want to retrieve the element/attribute values from the XML document. You don't just want to list the values of all the nodes, but also want to output the values of specific elements or attributes. In such a case, you would use XPath to retrieve the values of those elements and attributes. XPath constructs a hierarchical structure of an XML document,

New Features in Java 7.0 - Part 1

This article discusses the new features that are available in Java 7.0. Java 7.0 comes with bunch of new features � language level changes as well as API level changes and this article concentrates on the new API features such as Cache API, New Date and Time API and New IO 2 as well as the language level changes in the form of Super packages. The readers are assumed that they are more familiar with the Java 5.0 language level changes such as Generics and Annotations. This article covers few of the new features in Java 7.0 and the remaining set of new features will be covered in the next article. It is likely that the APIs may undergo changes before the formal release of Java 7.0 happens.

Annotations and Dependency Injection in EJB 3.0

This Article presents two important new features of EJB 3.0 which is bundeled with Java EE 5.0 specification, which are Annotations and Dependency Injection. The solid reason for this artice is , it will give us an idea how these features are used, so on their encounter in other articles of EJB3.0, we can understand their functionality. So we can say learning this article will give us a smooth drive in later other EJB 3.0 core concepts. So now we are going to start to see how Annotations and Dependency Injection has made the life of a developer easier and code more simple and managable.

Spring 2.5 - Aspect-Oriented Programming(AOP) [Book]

Developing powerful web applications with clean, manageable code makes the maintenance process much easier. Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is the easiest and quickest way to achieve such results. Spring is the only Java framework to offer AOP features. The combined power of Spring and AOP gives a powerful and flexible platform to develop and maintain feature-rich web applications quickly.

JBoss Portal Server Development [ Book ]

Enterprises need more than just basic services; they need value-creating entities, which are crucial for running a successful business. Portals offer tremendous value to enterprises, and JBoss Portal Server is a popular, feature-rich open-source server that provides a standards-compliant platform to host functionality that serves the diverse portal needs of an enterprise. Its primary strength lies in its ability to provide robust support for custom implementation of functionality using the JSR-168 portlet API.

Flex 3.0 Applications with BlazeDS in Eclipse

BlazeDS is the server-based Java remoting and web messaging technology. BlazeDS enables Adobe Flex and Adobe AIR applications developers to easily connect to back-end distributed data and push data in real-time. BlazeDS makes use of AMF3 protocol which is similar to SOAP, but AMF3 protocol is a binary protocol and so is much faster than SOAP. BlazeDS, enables Flex applications make remote procedure calls to the Java server. BlazeDS Simplifies integration with existing Java code.

Servlets Interview Questions

Servlets are Java programming language classes that dynamically process requests and construct responses. The Java Servlet API allows a software developer to add dynamic content to a Web server using the Java platform. The generated content is commonly HTML, but may be other data such as XML. Servlets are the Java counterpart to non-Java dynamic Web content technologies such as PHP, CGI and ASP.NET. Servlets can maintain state across many server transactions by using HTTP cookies, session variables or URL rewriting.

JDBC Interview Questions

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is an API for the Java programming language that defines how a client may access a database. It provides methods for querying and updating data in a database. JDBC is oriented towards relational databases. The Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition, version 1.4 (J2SE) includes the JDBC 3.0 API together with a reference implementation JDBC-to-ODBC bridge, enabling connections to any ODBC-accessible data source in the JVM host environment.

RMI Interview Questions

The Java Remote Method Invocation API, or Java RMI, is a Java application programming interface for performing the object equivalent of remote procedure calls. There are two common implementations of the API. The original implementation depends on Java Virtual Machine (JVM) class representation mechanisms and it thus only supports making calls from one JVM to another. The protocol underlying this Java-only implementation is known as Java Remote Method Protocol (JRMP). In order to support code running in a non-JVM context, a CORBA version was later developed.

JNI Interview Questions

The Java Native Interface (JNI) is a programming framework that allows Java code running in the Java virtual machine (JVM) to call and be called by native applications (programs specific to a hardware and operating system platform) and libraries written in other languages, such as C, C++ and assembly.

Exception Handling Interview Questions

A Java exception is an object that describes an exceptional condition i.e., an error condition that has occurred in a piece of code. When this type of condition arises, an object representing that exception is created and thrown in the method that caused the error by the Java Runtime. That method may choose to handle the exception itself, or pass it on. Either way, at some point, the exception is caught and processed.

J2EE Interview Questions

Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE is a widely used platform for server programming in the Java programming language. The Java EE Platform differs from the Java Standard Edition Platform (Java SE) in that it adds libraries which provide functionality to deploy fault-tolerant, distributed, multi-tier Java software, based largely on modular components running on an application server.

JMS Interview Questions

The Java Message Service (JMS) API is a Java Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) API for sending messages between two or more clients. JMS is a part of the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, and is defined by a specification developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 914.

Java Interview Questions

Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture.

EJB Interview Questions

Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) is a managed, server-side component architecture for modular construction of enterprise applications. The EJB specification is one of several Java APIs in the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition. EJB is a server-side model that encapsulates the business logic of an application. The EJB specification was originally developed in 1997 by IBM and later adopted by Sun Microsystems (EJB 1.0 and 1.1) and enhanced under the Java Community Process as JSR 19 (EJB 2.0), JSR 153 (EJB 2.1) and JSR 220 (EJB 3.0).

Design Patterns Interview Questions

A design pattern in architecture and computer science is a formal way of documenting a solution to a design problem in a particular field of expertise. The idea was introduced by the architect Christopher Alexander in the field of architecture, and has been adapted for various other disciplines, including computer science.

JSF Interview Questions

(JSF) is a Java-based Web application framework intended to simplify development of user interfaces for Java EE applications. Unlike request-driven MVC web frameworks, JSF uses a component-based approach. The state of UI components is saved when the client requests a new page and restored when the request is returned. Out of the box, JSF uses JavaServer Pages (JSP) for its display technology, but can also accommodate other technologies (such as XUL).

Hibernate Interview Questions

Hibernate is an object-relational mapping (ORM) library for the Java language, providing a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a traditional relational database. Hibernate solves Object-Relational impedance mismatch problems by replacing direct persistence-related database accesses with high-level object handling functions. The Hibernate 2.1 framework won a Jolt Award in 2005.

Spring Framework Interview Questions

The Spring Framework is an open source application framework for the Java platform and .NET Framework[1]. The first version was written by Rod Johnson who released the framework with the publication of his book, Expert One-on-One J2EE Design and Development (Wrox Press, October 2002). The framework was first released under the Apache 2.0 license in June 2003. The first milestone release, 1.0, was released in March 2004, with further milestone releases in September 2004 and March 2005. The Spring 1.2.6 framework won a Jolt productivity award in 2006.The current version is 2.5.6.

Web frameworks supported by Spring

Most of the webapplications are implemented by Model-View-Controller(MVC) pattern. There are plenty of good frameworks use the MVC paradigm. Obviously, MVC becomes defacto standard for a webapplication because of it's maintainability and clear seperation of presentation layer and the business layer. Spring is one amoung the group, a lightweight container used in the enterprise development, also it provides a good implementation of MVC for its presentation layer. In realtime most of the applications and companies already made a huge investment on Struts and other popular frameworks. They want to stick with the old frameworks and also want to enjoy the features of Spring framework. Spring is more flexible than any other framework, spring provides abstract layer for every framework to integrated into the them. In this article, i will explain you the way how you can integrate few of the popular frameworks in web development, When you read the whole article, you will be more familiar with various integration methods on each framework and i will explain spring webflow which is a subproject in the Spring community. let's start with integrating Struts into Spring.

Introduction to Java Module System in Java 7.0

This article explains the new Java Module System that will be included in the Java 7.0 release. Modules are new to the java language and they provide a standard for developing and deploying applications. The article will explain the various sub components that are available as part of the Java Module System's architecture. The various sections discussed in the article will provide in-depth details about the module definition, the metadata associated with the module, the versioning system and the repositories for storing and retrieving the module definitions.

New Features in Servlets 2.5

This article presents new features introduced in the Servlet 2.5. Servlet 2.5 is bundled with Java EE 5.0 edition and it has lot of new features. This version has major changes since it has to support the Java 5.0 version for all the J2EE technologies. One of the notable changes will be supporting Generics and Annotations. Using annotations in Java EE environment has simplified the developement process by eliminzating the much need for XML deployment descriptors. EJB 3.0 is example for how it is simple compare to its previous versions. In the same way other technologies also have significent updates. One particular technology is Servlet and it is evloving very quickly. This Servlet 2.5 has few changes and the next version Servlet 3.0 has very exciting features like Web Fragments. The minimum requirement for the Servlet 2.5 is JDK 5.0 or above. Lets look into the Servlet 2.5 features in this article.

New Features in Java EE 6.0

This article presents what is new in the Java EE 6.0 edition. There is lot of new activities in the JCP expert groups to add more valuable features in Java EE 6.0 version. Roberto Chinnici and Bill Shannon are Spec Leads for the JSR 316. For the past two releases of Java EE versions, sun is focusing on making the environment more easier for the developers instead of adding more new technologies. For example, EJB 2.x is more difficult for the developers particularly the Entity Beans part in the EJB, then it has simplified the EJB 3.0 programming model in Java EE 5.0 by extensive use of annotations and introduced JPA 1.0 to reduce the complexitiy on persistance layer. The same approach continues in the Java EE 6.0 version also, they define it in the two topics namingly Extensibility and Profiles. Writing about all the changes in one article would become lengthy, so we will see some of the notable changes in this article like Profiles, Modularity and focus on Web tier.

What is Web Beans?

This article introduces new unified framework for the Java EE environment, called Web Beans.This article is written based on the specification available at the time of writing this article. The specification for this framework is still under the public review, so there may be few changes before the final release. You can read the JSR 299 here. Web Beans is open source framework currently in the Alpha release. Gaving King, who is also the founder of famous framework JBoss Seam is also the specification lead for the Web Beans. There is lot of welcome notes for this framework and it solves many issues which is not addressed by the Java EE specifications. It is expected to be shipped with Java EE 6.0 edition. Lets jump into the next sections to read more about the Web Beans.

New Features in Servlets 3.0

This article covers most of the important features available as part of Servlet 3.0 specification. Note that the Servlet 3.0 specification constantly keeps changing frequently with the reviews coming in and the features and the API's mentioned in this article is based on the specification that is available in JCP for public review as of December 2008. This article focuses on the new set of annotations introduced that can be used by developers rather than put the data in the configuration file, followed by the enhanced Pluggability and the extension support for adding third-party frameworks. The article is finally concluded by detailing about the asynchronous execution of processing and the usage for the same. JSR 315 talks about the Servlet 3.0 features. For attitional information please read the reference section of this article.

AXIS 2.0

Apache Axis2 is a core engine for web services with two implementations: Apache Axis2/Java and Apache Axis2/C. It is a complete redesign and rewrite of the widely used Apache Axis SOAP stack that builds on the lessons learned from the Apache Axis implementation of the SOAP submission to W3C. Apache Axis2 not only supports SOAP 1.1 and SOAP 1.2, but also has integrated support for the widely popular REST-style of web services. The same business logic implementation can offer both a WS-* style interface and a REST/POX style interface simultaneously.

Spring 2.5 - New Features, Auto Detection of components and Annotations

This article provides a basic introduction to the new features that are available in Spring 2.5. This article provides no aim in explaining about the fundamentals of Spring framework as well as the related theories. For a more fundamental understanding, refer Introduction to Spring. The article initially begins by explaining about the common annotations like @Autowired, @Resource, @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy that were introduced as part of moving the configuration details from xml to Annotation. This is then followed by Auto-detection of classes and the set of annotations that were introduced in Spring MVC for simplifying web development have also been covered. If you are not understaning anything about the spring framework, please read the list of articles before coming to this article:

What is RSS and Atom?

RSS and Atom are the most widely used of many content syndication formats that have developed over the last few years to address the need to distribute and receive streams of content from websites and applications. Sites syndicate content for a broad variety of reasons, from replacing email as a medium for outbound contact to updating satellite sites. Each format has evolved to meet the changing needs of its driving community. All the common formats use a specific XML vocabulary to structure a stream of content in an easily consumable format.

Yahoo! User Interface library(YUI)

Learning the Yahoo! User Interface Library introduces the popular open-source YUI JavaScript library and takes the user through each of the fully released components in detail looking at the classes that make up each component and the properties and methods that can be used. It includes a series of practical examples to reinforce how each component should/can be used. Author Dan Wellman takes the reader from beginner to advanced-level YUI usage and understanding.

SOA process architecture, modeling and simulation in BPEL, TIBCO's BusinessWorks, and BEA's Weblogic Integration

SOA Cookbook covers process-oriented SOA. BPEL is the best-known language in this area, and this book presents numerous BPEL examples. It also studies proprietary vendor process languages such as TIBCO's BusinessWorks and BEA's Weblogic Integration. If you are building SOA processes in the field, chances are you are using one of the languages discussed in SOA Cookbook. The book assumes that the reader is comfortable with XML and web services.

EJB 3.0 Entity Manager

The EJB 3.0 specifi cation recognizes that many applications have the above persistence needs without requiring the services (security, transactions) of an application server EJB container. Consequently the persistence aspects of EJB 3 have been packaged as a separate specifi cation�the Java Persistence API (JPA). JPA does not assume we have a container and can even be used in a Java SE (Standard Edition) application. As well as persistence, JPA deals with Object/Relational Mapping and Queries, these are covered in Chapters 4 and 5 respectively. Most of our examples assume that the persistence engine exists within an EJB 3 container such as GlassFish or JBoss. In Chapter 6 we shall show examples of persistence outside a container.

Integrating Spring with JMS

Java Messaging Service opened the door for modeling the asynchronous mode of communication. It provides a common way of sending and receiving messages by having a middle man, also called as Message Broker or Message oriented Middleware. Now with the capability of an asynchronous framework like JMS being integrated with Spring, it can take all the benefits of Spring and this article shows you the steps of integrating Spring with the JMS framework. This article assumes that you have a fair bit of knowledge in Spring as well as in JMS.

Java EE 5.0 Development with NetBeans 6.0 (Developing Web Applications using JSF)

Before JSF was developed, Java web applications were typically developed using non-standard web application frameworks such as Apache Struts, Tapestry, Spring Web MVC, or many others. These frameworks are built on top of the Servlet and JSP standards, and automate a lot of functionality that needs to be manually coded when using these APIs directly.

Apache JMeter

JMeter is found to be very useful and convenient in support of functional testing. Although JMeter is known more as a performance testing tool, functional testing elements can be integrated within the Test Plan, which was originally designed to support load testing. Many other load-testing tools provide little or none of this feature, restricting themselves to performance-testing purposes. Besides integrating functional-testing elements along with load-testing elements in the Test Plan, you can also create a Test Plan that runs these exclusively. In other words, aside from creating a Load Test Plan, JMeter also allows you to create a Functional Test Plan. This flexibility is certainly resource-efficient for the testing project.

DWR Java AJAX Applications

In this chapter, we will get to the actual hands-on work. We will develop samples based on DWR, which show how to dynamically change the common user interface elements such as tables and lists as well as fi eld completion. We also make a dynamic user interface skeleton for our samples that will hold all the samples in this book.

Swing Extreme Testing : Learn Swing user interface testing strategy

In order to make testing easy, we implemented the dialog as a public class called SaveAsDialog, rather than as an inner class of the main user interface component. We might normally balk at giving such a trivial component its own class, but it is easier to test when written this way and it makes a good example. Also, once a simple version of this dialog is working and tested, it is possible to think of enhancements that would defi nitely make it too complex to be an inner class. For example, there could be a small status area that explains why a name is not allowed (the current implementation just disables the Ok button when an illegal name is entered, which is not very user-friendly).

JDBC 4.0 and Oracle JDeveloper for J2EE Development

Unlike Eclipse IDE, which requires a plug-in, JDeveloper has a built-in provision to establish a JDBC connection with a database. JDeveloper is the only Java IDE with an embedded application server, the Oracle Containers for J2EE (OC4J). This database-based web application may run in JDeveloper without requiring a third-party application server. However, JDeveloper also supports third-party application servers. Starting with JDeveloper 11, application developers may point the IDE to an application server instance (or OC4J instance), including third-party application servers that they want to use for testing during development. JDeveloper provides connection pooling for the efficient use of database connections. A database connection may be used in an ADF BC application, or in a JavaEE application.

Developing a Spring Framework MVC application step-by-step using NetBeans

Email Integration in Spring Framework

The Spring Framework provides a supportive utility library for sending email that shields the user from the essentials of the core mailing system and is dependable for low level resource handling on behalf of the customer. Spring Framework uses the following package as a root level package for the email support: org.springframework.mail

JAX-WS Web Services in NetBeans 6.1

Java API for XML Web Services(JAX-WS) is an important part of latest JEE specification (Java EE 5 platform). In this article we will see how to develop JAX-WS based web services using NetBeans 6.1 IDE. This article will not provide any of the theoretical information about JAX-WS.

JPA in NetBeans 6.1

In this article we will see how to use Java Persistence API (JPA) in NetBeans 6.1 with in a Java application. The JPA was first introduced as part of the Java EE 5 platform. This article will not provide any of the theoretical information about JPA.

EJB 3.0 and WebServices

This article discusses how an enterprise bean can act as a Web-Service component. Since Web-Services itself is a vast technology, the first part of the article discusses more about Web-Services. Specifically, the first part of the article discusses what Web-Services are, its unique features among other related technologies, its architecture, and the various base components upon which Web- Services are built. The second part of the article describes the JSR-181 which is the �Web-Services Meta-data for the Java Platform� and how enterprise beans can make use of the API�s available under this JSR to expose themselves as Web-Services components.

Types of Managed Bean scopes in Spring Framework

This article presents the different scopes on Spring managed beans. This is one of the greatest advantage using spring's managed beans. Every bean definition can be declared with different scopes. If you are the beginner learning the Spring Framework first time, please read our introduction articles on the Spring Framework :

OpenCms 7 Development

This book is a guide for developers interested in building websites using the OpenCms content management system. The book is intended for developers who are familiar with Java, JSP, and building web applications based on the Java J2EE framework.

Liferay Portal Enterprise Intranets

Liferay Portal is the world's leading open-source portal platform built on Java and Web 2.0 technologies. Corporations use it to provide a unified web interface to data and tools scattered across many sources. Liferay Portal uses the latest in Java, J2EE, and Web 2.0 technologies to deliver solutions for enterprises across both public and private sectors. Liferay Portal's flexibility allows it to be deployed in a number of different scenarios to meet key business needs. Some of the key business benefits are:

ZK Developer�s Guide : Online Media Library

The fi rst chapter shows the theory and deployment of the ZK framework. Now it's time to do the things that we are here for: implementing applications with ZK. The next three chapters will show the detailed implementation of a small, but rich application. It's not really possible to use all components in this application, but the application at the end of Chapter 4 has many things that you will need in your fi rst project with the ZK framework. With the help of this chapter, you should be able to build your own applications based on the ZK framework. In this chapter, we only build the cornerstone of the Online Media library, and improve it step by step in the next chapters.

The BIRT Environment and Your First Report

OK, so now you have BIRT installed; what now? You have heard so many great things about the BIRT Report Designer, and are eager to jump into creating some reports. However, you haven't ever worked with Eclipse or BIRT for that matter. At first glance the BIRT Designer can look a little intimidating, and in some cases you may not even see the BIRT Designer on your fi rst run. That's OK. In this chapter we will get acquainted with the BIRT working environment, also known as the BIRT Perspective in Eclipse lingo, and we will get started on creating a basic report.

AJAX - The Complete Reference

With the basic concepts out of the way, like any good programming book we now jump right into coding with the ubiquitous �Hello World� example. In this version of the classic example, we will press a button and trigger an asynchronous communication request using an XMLHttpRequest (XHR) object and the Web server will issue an XML response which will be parsed and displayed in the page. The whole process is overviewed in Figure 1-4.

The Java 6.0 Compiler API

One of the cool features available in Java 6.0 (Mustang) is the �Java Compiler API�. This API is a result of the JSR (Java Specification Request) 199 which proposes that there must be a standard way to compile java source files. The result of the JSR is the new �Java Compiler API� and one can use this new feature to compile java source files from within java files. Previously developers were depending on the low-level issues like starting a process representing the javac.exe. Though this feature is not intended to every one, Editors or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) can make much use of this new feature for compiling Java source files in a better manner.

Spring Web Flow - Introduction

You must have found the web applications are getting more and more complex and to maintain them is getting even harder. You now have to write or understand and maintain a large and complex page flows (flow of the application). If you are bugged down with creating such a complex application the answer lies in using Spring Web Flow.

Introduction to Spring Web Framework

Today, the Principle of Inversion of Control has gained much popularity and Spring is a Light-Weight Framework that adopts this principle extensively for Building Java or J2ee Applications. In most of the times an Application never wants to gain access to all the services provided by the heavy-weight J2ee Container, but still will use it. In such a case, an Application can depend on the light-weight services provided by the Spring Framework/Container. How this is possible is detailed in brief in this article. Anyway Spring is not a complete replacment for J2ee Container. This article provides an Introduction over the Core features of the Spring Framework like how to Declare and Initialize Beans Declaratively, how to establish Dependencies among Beans etc. The later part of the article explores more on the various stuff available within the Bean Xml Configuration File along with plenty of sample snippets.

Integrating Struts With Spring

Struts is more established and more stable MVC2 framework at this time so if your application is based on Struts framework you may forget about thinking to move to some other framework. But at the same time you must have heard about the buzz created by Inversion of Control (IOC) design pattern. This design pattern is implemented by Spring framework. Besides there are some more amazing features of Spring like AOP. So if you like to take advantage of these features of Spring you do not have to rebuild the application, but you can integrate your existing Struts application with Spring without much hassle. More about that latter but first we would like to have a look at new features of Spring and how they work.

What's new in Struts 2.0? - Struts 2.0 Framework

In this article we will talk about the new features in Struts 2.0. Over the years, every developers believes that struts is the best and simple framework to implement. Since last two years, more new frameworks come to the market and the use of Struts is declined. Lack of updation in the Struts framework is the main reason for developers choosing alternative framework. To answer this, Struts team comes with the Struts 2.0, an integration of Struts 1.0 with Webwork. Here we will look into the prominent features in the new framework.

Introductiion to Jakarta Struts

This article explores the Struts framework in depth and highlights the benefits Struts can bring to your development efforts. We believe that once you can �talk the talk� of web architecture and design, you will be better equipped to use Struts with your own applications.

Struts 2.0 Introduction and Validations using Annotations

This article provides an introduction to Struts 2.0 and its new Validation Features. Since Struts 2.0 is new, the first few sections of the article discusses in brief about the basics of Struts 2.0, its architecture and its various New Features. The rest of the article is dedicated towards explaining about the new Validation Features available. Struts is an Open-Source Web Application Framework that simplifies the creation of a Java Web Application. It is based on the Model-View-Controller 2 (MVC 2) Architecture which was originally found in a language called SmallTalk. The recent version of Struts is Struts 2.0 and it has borrowed most of the concepts in terms of architecture and functionality from two frameworks namely WebWork and XWork.

Hibernate Vs EJB 3.0

The J2EE field is agog with excitement about a very popular open-source technology , Hibernate , being elevated to the status of JCP standard. Feedback from J2EE programmers in industry says that knowledge of Hibernate is mandatory for all J2EE aspirants. In this short tutorial , the author attempts to trace the reasons for this new trend and to alert us , to the imminent and dramatic changes in the J2EE landscape.

AJAX - Conversation with an Ajaxian

Ajax is a relatively new approach to Web development. Since it is neither a new tool nor a different technology, and neither a new language it requires a different style for you to master it, or to be an Ajaxian. A conversational style has been used to help you understand the nuances of Ajax.

What is OpenLaszlo?

In this lab-oriented beginner's tutorial, the author explores OpenLaszlo technology and explains its basic features.

Templates in Groovy

In this article, we will expose the various APIs for processing Templates in Groovy. A template can be thought of some static content along with some well-defined place-holders. These templates can be re-used any number of times by simply copying it and substituting the place-holders with some appropriate values. The first section of the article concentrates on the various types of Template Engines available in Groovy. And the later section of the article guides you in using the Template API. This is not an introductory article about Groovy, so novice readers can read the introductory article Introductory Article on Groovy before continuing with this article.

Closures in Groovy

In this article, let us look into one of the important features supported in Groovy, the Closures. Groovy is an object-oriented scripting language in which the syntax resembles Java. Not all languages support the concept of Closures directly, although they may provide indirect support, that too with so many limitations and restrictions. This article will make you familiar with the concepts of Closures and will provide considerable amount of code snippets to make the understanding clearer. This article assumes that the reader is having sufficient knowledge in Groovy Programming and first-time readers may look into the Introductory Article on Groovy before proceeding with this article.

Linux Thin Client Networks Design and Deployment

The biggest difference is in how the two platforms use the network. When running a personal computer, often software applications are stored on network servers. When you activate an icon, the network pushes the executable down to your PC. Once downloaded into memory, the application runs and then very little interaction takes place until you save a fi le. Or in other cases, the executables are on the local PC, and network activity is not used until fi les are saved. If an executable takes a few seconds longer to download, you won't really notice it when using a personal computer. Some networking devices seem better designed for effi ciency of download instead of being designed for the smaller and more plentiful packets of network computing. When you activate a software application on a thin client, the presentation of the user interface is pushed to you from the server, and then all keystrokes and mouse activity are transmitted back and forth to the server in real time. The network needs to be very fast, have low latency, and be confi gured to pass packets immediately to the servers.

Service Oriented Java Business Integration

You're all in the business of software development. Some of you are architects and developers while few others are technology managers and executives. For many of you, ESB is encroaching and JBI is still an unknown—a risk previously avoided but now found to be inescapable. Let us tame these buzzwords in the context of SOA and Integration.

Tapestry 5.0 - Building Web Applications

We are already familiar with a signifi cant number of Tapestry components, and using them, we can build sophisticated and functionally rich interfaces. It so happens however, that many web applications have certain patterns repeating on their pages. For example, they have tables that display different data or they have forms that accept user input and then put the submitted details into some kind of Java Bean object.

Web Development in Groovy using Groovlets

In this article, we will learn about how to achieve Web Development using Groovy. Groovy is a scripting language and it has components called Groovlets which sit on top of a Web Server for handling HTTP Requests and Responses similar to Java Servlets. This article will provide an overview about Groovlets in the first section and will present several code snippets that will help in simplifying the usage of Groovlets in the subsequent sections. Remember, this is not an introductory article on Groovy and first-time readers are strongly advised to have a look over the Introductory article on Groovy .

Accessing Web Services from JSF applications

In this technical article, let us see how it is possible to access Web Services from JSF Applications. JSF Application resides in the Web Tier of a typical Enterprise Application, whereas Web Services are External Services that reside in the Application Tier. We make use of Java EE 5 for developing the Sample Application in the final section of this article. It is assumed that readers have sufficient knowledge of JSF and Web Services before continuing this article.

Event Driven Programming with JSF

This article discusses theories and concepts related to JSF Event Model. It details the supporting high level classes and interfaces that are involved in JSF Event Handling Mechanism. The logical categorization of JSF Events is also explained along with code snippets. Then, the tags available in the core JSF Framework are also discussed.

Navigation model in JSF

In this article, let us see the different types of Navigation mechanisms available in JSF. The JSF Navigation Model is both declarative and programmatic, i,e, Navigation can be configured either statically in the deployment time or dynamically during the run-time of a Web Application. We will see how to configure such navigation models in a Web Application with code snippets.

Request Processing Lifecycle phases in JSF

This article will explain the sequence of activities that will take place while processing the Request in a typical Web Application. The various phases like the Restore View Phase, Apply Request Phase, Process Validations Phase, Update Model Phase, Invoke Application Phase and Render Response Phase are covered briefly.

Using Converters in JSF

Java Server Faces provides a component-based event-driven model for User Interface Layer in a Web Application. JSF UI Components behave very similar to Swing Components in which case Events are made to trigger by the User and they are handled by appropriate Listeners. In this article, we will focus on Converters which remains an important aspect in converting the user input to the one that is stored in the Mode.

Spring - iBatis Integration

iBatis is an object-relational mapping tool (ORM) that simplifies access to database. This article details the steps needed for integrating iBatis with Spring. Through such an integration, objects that are specific to iBatis can utilise all the benefits given by Spring's IOC Container. This is not an introductory article for both Spring and iBatis Frameworks. First-time readers are encouraged to read the Introductory article for Spring in javabeat Introduction to Spring Web Framework to know the preliminary concepts related to Spring.

Introduction to Spring's Aspect Oriented Programming(AOP)

One of the major features available in the Spring Distribution is the provision for separating the cross-cutting concerns in an Application through the means of Aspect Oriented Programming. Aspect Oriented Programming is sensibly new and it is not a replacement for Object Oriented Programming. In fact, AOP is another way of organizing your Program Structure. This first section of this article looks into the various terminologies that are commonly used in the AOP Environment. Then it moves into the support that is available in the Spring API for embedding Aspects into an Application . Finally the article concludes by giving a Sample Application.

New Features in WebLogic Server 10.0

There are a lot of changes and new features in Weblogic Server 10.0. This new release gets better and efficient in terms of performance, in terms of the supported APIs and in terms of the supported external libraries. Almost all of the updates in the Java EE are reflected in the WebLogic Server 10.0. In the following sections we will discuss 18 of these new features.

Life Cycle Management of a Spring Bean

This article would brief about how a Spring Bean is managed in IOC (Inversion of Control) Container. Spring Beans exist within the Container as long as they are needed by the Appplication. There are various life-cycle interfaces and methods that will be called by the IOC Container.

Using Enterprise Beans in Spring Environment

Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) can be used extensively in Spring's environment. In this article, we will know about the transparent support available in Spring for using the Stateless and the Stateful Session Beans in Spring.The pre-requisite for this article is some basic knowledge in Spring which can be got by reading the article in javabeat Introduction to Spring Web Framework.

Accessing objects in JNDI using Spring

Spring provides support to access objects from the JNDI Repository. This article will begin with the JNDI concepts along with a sample JNDI Application. Then it will proceed with the various core supporting classes available in Spring for JNDI Integration. Following that, practical samples would be given to make things clear.

Integrating Spring and Groovy

Spring makes it easier to provide integration support for scripting languages. The currently supported scripting languages are Groovy, JRuby and BeanShell. However, this article concentrates only on Spring's support for the Groovy language. Plenty of code samples are given in each section for much clarity. The article assumes that the reader is comfortable in both Spring and Groovy concepts.

J2ME User Interface

User-interface requirements for small handheld devices are different from personal computers. Because comparatively the display size of handheld devices is smaller. That�s why, we cannot follow the personal computers user-interface programming guidelines for handheld devices. In J2ME,the CLDC itself does not define any GUI functionality. The official GUI classes for the J2ME are included in profiles such as the MIDP and are defined by the Java Community Process (JCP). The GUI classes in the MIDP are not based on the Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT). The limited CPU memory of handheld devices, cannot handle the AWT.

Introduction to DOM4J

Dom4j is an easy to use, open source library for working with XML, XPath and XSLT on the Java platform using the Java Collections Framework and with full support for DOM, SAX and JAXP.

Java Management Extensions(JMX) support in Spring

This article would focus on how Spring provides support for integration with JMX. JMX stands for Java Management Extensions and it is an API from Sun which can be used to manage as well as monitor any kind of Java resource. This article doesn't aim to provide an in-depth coverage in JMX, however it provides a basic overview about JMX along with a sample Application. It includes a detailed step-by-step approach for integrating the JMX Environment into the Spring's Framework.

Integrating Spring Framework with Hibernate ORM Framework

Hibernate is a powerful technology for persisting data in any kind of Application. Spring, on the other hand is a dependency injection framework that supports IOC. The beauty of Spring is that it can integrates well with most of the prevailing popular technologies. In this article, we will discuss on how it is possible to integrate Spring with Hibernate. This article assumes that the reader has a basic understanding in both Spring and Hibernate Frameworks.

Apache POI - Reading Excel sheet using Java

POI, Apache POI - Java API to access Microsoft format files. POI (Poor Obfuscation Implementation) API is a fantastic way for Java programmers to access Microsoft document formats. The POI project consists of APIs for manipulating various file formats based upon Microsoft's OLE 2 Compound Document format using pure Java. In short, you can read and write MS Excel files using Java. An alternate way of generating a spreadsheet is via the Cocoon serializer.

Creating Webservice using JBoss and Eclipse Europa

This article will introduce you to JBoss Webservice (JAX-WS). Here you will be knowing how to use the annotations and create a web service to deploy in JBoss. Since JBoss comes with JAX-WS jars inbuilt, we will not be adding any jars in addition for this article. This article will also give you a example code and walk you through the code. This will also explain creation of dynamic web project (not elaborated) and configuration of JBoss server to it.

Integrating Spring and JSF

This article provides an introduction on how Spring and Java Server Faces Technologies can be integrated. It covers the necessary details of both Spring and JSF Technology in the initial section in the context of Integration. Later on it moves towards the concept of Variable Resolvers which help in easing the integration between the two technologies. Then a full-fleged sample application is followed to get a greater feel and understanding of the integration.

Regular Expressions in Java

Regular Expressions are basically patterns of characters which are used to perform certain useful operations on the given input. The operations include finding particular text, replacing the text with some other text, or validating the given text. For example, we can use Regular Expression to check whether the user input is valid for a field like Email Id or a telephone number.

Introduction to Hibernate Caching

While working with Hibernate web applications we will face so many problems in its performance due to database traffic. That to when the database traffic is very heavy . Actually hibernate is well used just because of its high performance only. So some techniques are necessary to maintain its performance. Caching is the best technique to solve this problem. In this article we will discuss about, how we can improve the performance of Hibernate web applications using caching.

jUDDI and Configuration in jBoss and MySQL database

UDDI is one of the core Web Service standard. It provides access to Web Service Description Language which provides binding information and message formats required to interact with the web services listed in its directory. Enterprises that seek to optimize software or service reuse subscribe to some form of service-oriented architecture (SOA), server programs or database software licensed by some of the professed founders of the UDDI.org and OASIS.

Introduction to Spring IDE 2.0

This article will introduce you with Spring IDE 2.0. Spring IDE 2.0 is a plugin for developing Spring Applications with ease in Eclipse IDE. This article will walk you through the various steps involved in installing Spring IDE 2.0 in Eclipse. This article also describes common tasks done in Spring Framework way using Spring IDE 2.0 plugin.

Universal, Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI)

Welcome to the future of Internet-based application development and deployment. This article will give us an idea about Universal, Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI). What is it ? Why it is an important in the future of Web services standards ? This article explains that UDDI is focused on sharing business information, making it easier for you to publish your preferred means of conducting business, find trading partners and have them find you, and interoperate with these trading partners over the Internet. This artical assumes that you already have knowledge about little bit of HTTP, SOAP, and Web Services.

Generics in Java 5.0

The feature of Generics in Java allows Applications to create classes and objects that can operate on any defined types. Programmers can now make use of the Generics feature for a much better code. There is no need for un-necessary casting when dealing with Objects in a Collection. This article provides a detailed overview of Generics and its usage in different context with samples. To start with, it illustrates the need for Generics and the difficulties faced by the Developers before its origin. It will explain in detail on how to write Generic Classes, Generic Methods and so on. Then the various aspects of Bound Constraints and Wild-cards will be discussed.

New Features in Java 5.0

Java 5.0 comes with a bunch of useful features. In this article, we are going to have an overview of the features like Enhanced for-loop, Variable Arguments, Static Imports and Enumerations. The sections in this article are,

AutoBoxing in Java 5.0

In the latest version of J2SE 5.0 released by Sun, Autoboxing is one of the new feature. Before J2SE 5.0, working with primitive types required the repetitive work of converting the primitive types into wrapper classes and vice - versa. Sometimes the purpose of conversion is just for some API call, after which the results have to be converted into original form which is very frustrating .Auto-boxing and Auto-Unboxing enables the primitive types to be converted into respective wrapper objects and the other way around.This article gives some insight about the importance of this new feature and how it can be used in the real-world programming.

Annotations in Java 5.0

Annotations in Java is all about adding meta-data facility to the Java Elements. Like Classes, Interfaces or Enums, Annotations define a type in Java and they can be applied to several Java Elements. Tools which will read and interpret the Annotations will implement a lot of functionalities from the meta-information obtained. For example, they can ensure the consistency between classes, can check the validity of the paramters passed by the clients at run-time and can generate lot of base code for a project. This article provides you a complete guide detailing the various aspects of Annotations. The topics covered in this article are as follows,

Introduction to Google Guice

Google Guice is a Dependency Injection Framework that can be used by Applications where Relation-ship/Dependency between Business Objects have to be maintained manually in the Application code. Since Guice support Java 5.0, it takes the benefit of Generics and Annotations thereby making the code type-safe.

Google Web ToolKit(GWT)

J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) is an advanced technology in Java, developed with the help of Java Community Process Program. J2ME is a reduced version of the Java API and Java Virtual Machine that is designed to operate within the limited resources available in the embedded computers and microcomputers.

Introduction to J2ME

Introduction to Eclipse Plugin Architecture

This article will guide you in creating Eclipse Plugins using the Eclipse Plugin Development Environment (PDE). Because the Plugin Development Architecture is vast, this article will only provide brief information about the various components that fits into the PDE.

Programming Web Services using Apache Axis

The article titled Programming Web Services using Apache Axis shows how Axis Framework has simplified the creation of Web Services. It will start with the definition of Web Services and its related terminologies like SOAP and WSDL. Following that the ease with which Web Services are published are explained.

Introduction to Struts Actions

Action classes will be defined to handle requests. Actions exists between the Model and View of an application. This article will cover all of the standard actions and the helper methods of the Action class.

Using JSF and AJAX with Ajax�enabled JSF implementations - Ajax4Jsf

With the advent of internet, there has been constant paradigm change from time and again. There are many scripting web languages which came and showed their impact now and then. But the feature I am going to talk about will give a close look to internet as a close friend. In this article,

J2EE Connector Architecture(JCA), An Introduction

JCA, the J2EE Connector Architecture, is an initiative towards EAI, Enterprise Application Integration. It is a standardized architecture providing the J2EE Components to have plug and play access to heterogeneous EIS, Enterprise Information Systems. Examples of EIS are ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), Transaction Processing Systems, Legacy Database Systems etc.

AJAX Support in Struts 2.0

Ajax or Asynchronous JavaScript and XML was introduced by Jesse James Garrett in 2005. He is called the �Father of Ajax� .Ajax is a collection of concepts and technologies that allows richer and more interactive user interaction with the web applications. The Ajax engine allows the user�s interaction with the application to happen asynchronously � independent of communication with the server. So the user is never staring at a blank browser window and an hourglass icon, waiting around for the server to do something.

Introduction to JBoss Seam

Yet another Web Application Framework! This time it is from JBoss Community. JBoss provides a new Web Application Framework called "JBoss Seam" which combines the advantages from the two rapidly growing technologies Enterprise Java Beans 3.0 and Java Server Faces. JBoss Seam, by sitting on top of J2EE provides a nice way of integration between JSF and EJB Components with other great functionalities.

Introduction to Ajax4Jsf

Java Server Faces provided a Component Based Architecture for building User Interface Components for the Web Application. Ajax aims in providing Faster Response to the Client Applications by reloading only the needed Data. Wouldn't be nice to take the advantages of both Jsf and Ajax for developing Robust Web Applications. Ajax4Jsf provides solution for this. It is the integration of Java Server Faces with Ajax (which stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and Xml), thereby providing Ajax Support to the Jsf UI Components. This article attempts to provide an overview of the Ajax4Jsf Framework which is now an open Source Project in the JBoss Community.

Introduction to Spring MVC Web Framework - Web Tier

Introduction to Java Server Faces(JSF) HTML Tags

Development of compelling JSF applications requires a good grasp of the JSF tag libraries-core and HTML-that represent a combined total of 43 tags. Because of their prominence in the JSF framework, here you have been provided in-depth coverage of some of those HTML tags, and how you can best use them. Even simple JSF pages use tags from both libraries. Many JSF pages have a structure similar to this:

Introduction to Groovy - Scripting Language

Groovy is an Object Oriented Scripting Language which provides Dynamic, Easy-to-use and Integration capabilities to the Java Virutual Machine. It absorbs most of the syntax from Java and it is much powerful in terms of funtionalities which is manifiested in the form Closures, Dynamic Typing, Builders etc. Groovy also provides simplified API for accessing Databases and XML. Groovy language is large in terms of functionalities and concepts and this article provides only the basic Introduction and Information about Groovy. The first section of the article concentrates on the very basic concepts and theories of Groovy like Declaring Variables, Flow Control and Looping Structures. Then the next section focusses on Declaring Classes, Objects, Methods and the different ways of accessing them in Groovy. Covered in depth are the most exiting Groovy Closures. Finally the article explored the Groovy Distribution along with the various available Utilities.

Introduction to JSF Core Tags Library

This article introduces about the various Core Tags that are available in JSF. Tags represent some set of Actions that will be executed in the Server. This article assumes the reader to have a fair bit of knowlege in Java Server Faces. If not, then they can visit the Introductory Article in JSF in javabeat. For more information and resources about Java Server Faces, readers can also Jsf Articles Page visit here. This article will start off with the Major Classification of Core JSF Tags and then will explain in depth about the various different types of Tags that are available in each category. Wherever and whenever possible, Code Snippets are given to make the understanding of the Tags much clearer.

Java 6.0 Features Part - 2 : Pluggable Annotation Processing API

The first part of this article listed out the major new features of Java 6 (Mustang) related to areas like Common Annotations (JSR 250), Scripting Language for the Java Platform (JSR 223) and JDBC 4.0. This article assumed that Readers have got sufficiently fair bit of knowledge in the various concepts of Java 5.0. First-time Readers of Java 6 are strongly encouraged to read the first part of this article titled "Introduction to Java 6.0 New Features, Part�I". This article covers the left-over features of Part-I. More specifically, it will cover the Pluggabable Annotation Processing API (JSR 269), Java API for XML Binding (JSR 222) and Streaming API for XML (JSR 173).

Introduction to Java 6.0 New Features, Part�I

This article covers the various new features of Java 6, also known as Mustang. This article assumes that readers have sufficient knowledge over the concepts and terminologies in Java 5.0. For more information on Java 5.0, readers can vist the resources available in javabeat here. Though there is no significant changes at the Language Level, though Mustang comes with a bunch of enhancements in the other areas like Core, XML and Desktop. Most of the features are applicable both to J2SE and J2EE Platforms.

Comparison of AJAX Frameworks: Prototype, GWT, DWR and Thinware

These days we can see that the concept of Web 2.0 is becoming popular. Web 2.0 refers to the concept of new web applications that are interactive in nature and are intended to help people to collaborate and offer services for them, not just static HTML. This stuff became possible, in part, by means of the AJAX technology. For us, java developers, to build applications that are aligned with this very concept of Web 2.0 involves the selection of one tool (or framework) that helps us to accomplish our needs.

Introduction to Java Server Faces

Java Server Faces (JSF) simplifies the development of User Interfaces in a typical Web application. It provides a Component-based Pluggable Architecture for developing and representing User Interface Components. Also bundled with JSF is a whole set of various new features like Event Handling Mechanism, Page Navigation, Input Validation and Conversion. This article provides an overview about JSF Framework and the various core elements that form the basis for a JSF Framework. It then provides a detailed overview about the various phases in the JSF Request Processing Life-cycle. Explained further is the structure of the JSF Configuration File. And finally the article is concluded by providing a sample application that demonstrates the various new features.

Interceptors in Hibernate ORM Framework - An Introduction

This article deals with Hibernate Interceptors. Hibernate is an open-source project that provides solution. For more information about Hibernate, novice readers are encouraged to read the articleon javabeat before reading this article.

Hibernate ORM(Object/Relational) Framework - An Introduction

Persistent data can be seen anywhere in an application. Managing persistent data is one of the few challenges that modern technologies/products are facing. A solution called Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) has gained major popularity over the past few years. ORM is a piece of software/product for the representation and conversion of data between the database and the object-oriented programming language. Hibernate is one such ORM solution and it is an open-source project.

Building JSF application with Exadel IDE

Java Server Faces (JSF) is a widely-used web application framework based on standards and promoted by Sun Microsystems. It provides a high level framework, based on the MVC pattern, which brings several functionalities for simplifying the building of user interfaces of web applications.In this article we introduce the Exadel's IDE and its excellent capabilities for development in JSF. This tool had been released recently as an open source product since its incorporation in the JBoss Group.

Introduction to Java Persistence API(JPA)

Java Persistence API (JPA) provides POJO (Plain Old Java Object) standard and object relational mapping (OR mapping) for data persistence among applications. Persistence, which deals with storing and retrieving of application data, can now be programmed with Java Persistence API starting from EJB 3.0 as a result of JSR 220. This API has borrowed many of the concepts and standards from leading persistence frameworks like Toplink (from Oracle) and Hibernate (from JBoss). One of the great benefits of JPA is that it is an independent API and can nicely integrate with J2EE as well as J2SE applications.

What is new in Java 6.0 Collections API?

In this article I will write about the new Collections APIs introduced in Java 6.0. Mustang has few interesting changes in the Collections APIs, one amoung them is the Deque. Deque is used for the Bi-Directional traversal. It has different implementations including BlockingDeque,ArrayDeque,etc. I will talk about the Deque and its various implementation, also few more changes in the Collectiona API in Java 6.0.

EJB 3.0 Timer Services - An Overview

Starting from EJB 2.1, Timer Services are available for building J2EE Applications that depends on time based services. Time based services are mostly used in scheduling applications. Technically, these scheduling applications are called workflows. A workflow defines a configurable sequence of activities or tasks that will take place at a particular point of time. Before EJB 2.1, one has to manually code for building and deploying time-based workflow systems. But, with the invent of EJB 3.0, thanks to Annotations and Dependency injections, life has become still more easier for creating such applications.