https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/20411626?af=R Table of Contents for Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry. List of articles from both the latest and EarlyView issues. en-US © John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd wileyonlinelibrary@wiley.com (Wiley Online Library) Sun, 07 Jun 2026 12:08:35 +0000 Sun, 07 Jun 2026 12:08:35 +0000 Atypon® Literatum™ https://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/rss2.html 10080 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Wiley Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/pb-assets/journal-banners/20411626.jpg https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/20411626?af=R https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12481?af=R Thu, 03 Sep 2020 02:07:17 -0700 2020-09-03T02:07:17-07:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12481 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. ERRATUM Erratum 10.1111/jicd.12481 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12481 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12481?af=R ERRATUM 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12471?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12471 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Oral malodor is a common condition caused by some Gram‐negative oral bacteria, among which are the 3 red complex bacteria (RCB). The present study investigated the effectiveness of the Ultrasound Tongue Scraper (UTS) to disrupt the structural morphology of the bacteria and their biofilm. Methods While developing over 72 hours, multispecies biofilms of RCB (Porphromonas gingivalis, Tryponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia) were treated every 24 hours with 1.6‐MHz ultrasound waves generated with UTS. An untreated group served as controls. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to determine the biofilm thickness, biomass and live : dead cell ratio at each time point (24, 48 and 72 hours). Biofilm morphology and bacteria ultrastructure were viewed using scanning/transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results At each time point, the 3 variables were significantly lower in treated samples than the untreated. Significant biofilm disruption was observed in treated samples at each time period while the untreated had intact biofilm morphology. Cells in treated samples showed disrupted cell wall, cytoplasmic material, huge vacuoles and heterogeneity in electron density, while these cell organelles remained intact in untreated samples. Conclusion The UTS has an inhibitory effect on RCB and could be useful for oral malodor management. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Oral malodor is a common condition caused by some Gram-negative oral bacteria, among which are the 3 red complex bacteria (RCB). The present study investigated the effectiveness of the Ultrasound Tongue Scraper (UTS) to disrupt the structural morphology of the bacteria and their biofilm.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>While developing over 72 hours, multispecies biofilms of RCB (<i>Porphromonas gingivalis</i>,<i> Tryponema denticola</i>,<i> Tannerella forsythia</i>) were treated every 24 hours with 1.6-MHz ultrasound waves generated with UTS. An untreated group served as controls. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to determine the biofilm thickness, biomass and live : dead cell ratio at each time point (24, 48 and 72 hours). Biofilm morphology and bacteria ultrastructure were viewed using scanning/transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>At each time point, the 3 variables were significantly lower in treated samples than the untreated. Significant biofilm disruption was observed in treated samples at each time period while the untreated had intact biofilm morphology. Cells in treated samples showed disrupted cell wall, cytoplasmic material, huge vacuoles and heterogeneity in electron density, while these cell organelles remained intact in untreated samples.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The UTS has an inhibitory effect on RCB and could be useful for oral malodor management.</p> Bennett T. Amaechi, Parveez Ahamed Abdul Azees, Suchitra Menon, Hariyali Kasundra ORIGINAL ARTICLE In vitro evaluation of the effects of Ultrasound Tongue Scraper on bacteria and biofilm formation 10.1111/jicd.12471 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12471 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12471?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12472?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12472 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To evaluate biological behavior of human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) in contact with porous tantalum (PT) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Methods Pg was incubated for 8 hours. The groups formed were: PBMC (control), PBMC + PT, PBMC + Pg and PBMC + PT + Pg. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. The morphology and adhesion of PBMC to PT was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Expression of interleukin (IL)‐10, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)‐9 and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κΒ ligand (RANKL) was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results MTT assay revealed that PT did not interfere in the mitochondrial activity of PBMC (P > .05). Scanning electron microscopy showed the adherence of PBMC to PT. IL‐10 levels in PBMC + PT were similar to PBMC and lower than PBMC + Pg. TGF‐β levels in PBMC + PT were higher than PBMC and PBMC + Pg. MMP‐9 levels in PBMC + PT were similar to PBMC and lower than PBMC + Pg and PBMC + PT + Pg. RANKL levels in PBMC + PT were lower than in PBMC. Conclusion PT did not affect PBMC viability, allowed cell adhesion, reduced expression of RANKL and enhanced TGF‐β in comparison with the control group. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To evaluate biological behavior of human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) in contact with porous tantalum (PT) and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>Pg</i>).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p><i>Pg</i> was incubated for 8 hours. The groups formed were: PBMC (control), PBMC + PT, PBMC + <i>Pg</i> and PBMC + PT + <i>Pg</i>. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. The morphology and adhesion of PBMC to PT was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Expression of interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ ligand (RANKL) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>MTT assay revealed that PT did not interfere in the mitochondrial activity of PBMC (<i>P </i>&gt;<i> </i>.05). Scanning electron microscopy showed the adherence of PBMC to PT. IL-10 levels in PBMC + PT were similar to PBMC and lower than PBMC + <i>Pg</i>. TGF-β levels in PBMC + PT were higher than PBMC and PBMC + <i>Pg</i>. MMP-9 levels in PBMC + PT were similar to PBMC and lower than PBMC + <i>Pg</i> and PBMC + PT + <i>Pg</i>. RANKL levels in PBMC + PT were lower than in PBMC.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>PT did not affect PBMC viability, allowed cell adhesion, reduced expression of RANKL and enhanced TGF-β in comparison with the control group.</p> Eduardo Frois Temponi, Paulo Eduardo Alencar Souza, Giovanna Ribeiro Souto, Luísa Mourão Dias Magalhães, Walderez Ornelas Dutra, Kenneth John Gollob, Tarcília Aparecida Silva, Rodrigo Villamarim Soares ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effect of porous tantalum on the biological response of human peripheral mononuclear cells exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis 10.1111/jicd.12472 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12472 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12472?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12473?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12473 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to correlate the immunoexpression of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) for myofibroblasts with the serum levels of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Methods A total of 100 cases of histopathologically confirmed OSMF were assessed for α‐SMA expression. Clinical data, such as age, sex, mouth opening, and habit history, were obtained for each case. Serum TGF‐β1 levels were recorded in 73 patients with the help of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay technique. Results The staining index of α‐SMA increased concomitantly with higher myofibroblast count in the increasing histopathological grades of OSMF (P ≤ .05). Serum TGF‐β1 levels were highest in the intermediate grades of OSMF. Clinical parameters, such as mouth opening, cheek flexibility, and tongue protrusion, showed a direct correlation with increasing clinical grades of OSMF. Conclusions The progressive increase in myofibroblasts from early to advanced stages suggests their potential use as markers for evaluating the severity of OSMF. Additionally, as myofibroblasts are responsible for producing a variety of factors that are involved in the fibrotic processes; they could be the key link in the pathogenesis of OSMF. Interruption of their development, recruitment, or activation could provide a unique therapeutic target for future treatment options in patients with OSMF. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to correlate the immunoexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) for myofibroblasts with the serum levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>A total of 100 cases of histopathologically confirmed OSMF were assessed for α-SMA expression. Clinical data, such as age, sex, mouth opening, and habit history, were obtained for each case. Serum TGF-β1 levels were recorded in 73 patients with the help of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay technique.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The staining index of α-SMA increased concomitantly with higher myofibroblast count in the increasing histopathological grades of OSMF (<i>P</i> ≤ .05). Serum TGF-β1 levels were highest in the intermediate grades of OSMF. Clinical parameters, such as mouth opening, cheek flexibility, and tongue protrusion, showed a direct correlation with increasing clinical grades of OSMF.</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>The progressive increase in myofibroblasts from early to advanced stages suggests their potential use as markers for evaluating the severity of OSMF. Additionally, as myofibroblasts are responsible for producing a variety of factors that are involved in the fibrotic processes; they could be the key link in the pathogenesis of OSMF. Interruption of their development, recruitment, or activation could provide a unique therapeutic target for future treatment options in patients with OSMF.</p> Iqbal Singh, Saurabh Juneja, Ankita Tandon, Anshi Jain, Devi Charan Shetty, Aashka Sethi ORIGINAL ARTICLE Immunoexpression of alpha smooth muscle actin correlates with serum transforming growth factor‐β1 levels in oral submucous fibrosis 10.1111/jicd.12473 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12473 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12473?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12474?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12474 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To validate the Thai version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (HeLD‐Th) among Thai adults with physical disabilities. Methods The original Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD) was translated into Thai (HeLD‐Th). The final version of the HeLD‐Th was evaluated through a cross‐sectional study of 160 participants in Thailand. Interview questionnaires and oral examination were performed. The reliability and validity of the HeLD‐Th were determined. Results The internal consistency was acceptable, with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.76. The face and content validity were confirmed. Sufficient construct validity was revealed by exploratory factor analysis. The convergent validity (P ≤ .013) and discriminant validity (P = .017) were estimated. The concurrent validity and predictive validity were confirmed by significantly higher HeLD‐Th scores (P < .001). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that approximately 60% of the variation in the HeLD‐Th scores was explained by the final model. Conclusion The HeLD‐Th has sufficient psychometric properties to assess the oral health literacy of Thai adults with mild to moderate disabilities. There are some limitations of the study due to the small sample size, and the results are specific to Thai adults with disabilities. Future studies using the HeLD‐Th scale are recommended. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To validate the Thai version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (HeLD-Th) among Thai adults with physical disabilities.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>The original Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD) was translated into Thai (HeLD-Th). The final version of the HeLD-Th was evaluated through a cross-sectional study of 160 participants in Thailand. Interview questionnaires and oral examination were performed. The reliability and validity of the HeLD-Th were determined.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The internal consistency was acceptable, with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.76. The face and content validity were confirmed. Sufficient construct validity was revealed by exploratory factor analysis. The convergent validity (<i>P </i>≤<i> </i>.013) and discriminant validity (<i>P </i>=<i> </i>.017) were estimated. The concurrent validity and predictive validity were confirmed by significantly higher HeLD-Th scores (<i>P </i>&lt;<i> </i>.001). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that approximately 60% of the variation in the HeLD-Th scores was explained by the final model.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The HeLD-Th has sufficient psychometric properties to assess the oral health literacy of Thai adults with mild to moderate disabilities. There are some limitations of the study due to the small sample size, and the results are specific to Thai adults with disabilities. Future studies using the HeLD-Th scale are recommended.</p> Nithimar Sermsuti‐Anuwat, Sathirakorn Pongpanich ORIGINAL ARTICLE Validation of Thai version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale: Validation among Thai adults with physical disabilities 10.1111/jicd.12474 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12474 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12474?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12475?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12475 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Lasers are used for different types of dental treatments. Using the erbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) laser to remove dental hard tissue is simple, advantageous and influences the type of cavity preparation, whether conventional or conservative in nature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the morphological and histopathological changes in the enamel, dentin and pulp tissue of the teeth treated by Er:YAG laser and conventional burs. Methods A conventional class I cavity was prepared in orthodontic patients by laser and bur. The teeth were extracted and analyzed for morphological changes using a scanning electron microscope, ground sections and histopathological changes under a light microscope. Results The time with laser was longer than the conventional methods. The lased cavity showed irregular appearance with absence of smear layer which is suitable for the resin restoration. The ground section and the histopathological study showed no differences between the groups. Conclusion The Er:YAG laser is effective in the removal of dental hard tissue without damaging the pulp when coupled with ideal energy output. It is widely used in different dental fields. It needs time to be accepted by dentist and patients and further studies are required to explore its advantages. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Lasers are used for different types of dental treatments. Using the erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser to remove dental hard tissue is simple, advantageous and influences the type of cavity preparation, whether conventional or conservative in nature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the morphological and histopathological changes in the enamel, dentin and pulp tissue of the teeth treated by Er:YAG laser and conventional burs.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>A conventional class I cavity was prepared in orthodontic patients by laser and bur. The teeth were extracted and analyzed for morphological changes using a scanning electron microscope, ground sections and histopathological changes under a light microscope.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The time with laser was longer than the conventional methods. The lased cavity showed irregular appearance with absence of smear layer which is suitable for the resin restoration. The ground section and the histopathological study showed no differences between the groups.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The Er:YAG laser is effective in the removal of dental hard tissue without damaging the pulp when coupled with ideal energy output. It is widely used in different dental fields. It needs time to be accepted by dentist and patients and further studies are required to explore its advantages.</p> Shaik Mohamed Shamsudeen, Rooban Thavarajah, Elizabeth Joshua, Uma Devi K. Rao, Ranganathan Kannan ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluating and comparing the morphological and histopathological changes induced by erbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser and diamond bur on enamel, dentin and pulp tissue 10.1111/jicd.12475 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12475 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12475?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12476?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12476 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of identifying the sex of 1 subject through visual assessment of a frontal photograph of dentition, and to investigate if some morphological characteristics are related to sex determination. Methods 5 expert dentists, 5 non‐expert dentists and 5 laypeople were made to watch 100 intraoral photographs for 5 seconds each and to establish their sex. The responses of the participants and the baseline characteristics of photographed dentitions were analyzed. Results The proportion of right answers was 56.0% ± 8.2% in the group of expert dentists, 65.0% ± 6.0% in the group of non‐expert dentists and 58.6% ± 4.5% in the group of non‐expert people. The round shape of maxillary central incisors was related to the female gender (P = .006). The male condition was correlated with poor oral hygiene for 4 observers. Female sex perception was correlated with round morphology of upper central incisors for 3 observers. Conclusion No difference in the ability to determine the sex was registered among groups, suggesting that sex perception is not strongly influenced by the characteristics of dentition. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of identifying the sex of 1 subject through visual assessment of a frontal photograph of dentition, and to investigate if some morphological characteristics are related to sex determination.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>5 expert dentists, 5 non-expert dentists and 5 laypeople were made to watch 100 intraoral photographs for 5 seconds each and to establish their sex. The responses of the participants and the baseline characteristics of photographed dentitions were analyzed.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The proportion of right answers was 56.0% ± 8.2% in the group of expert dentists, 65.0% ± 6.0% in the group of non-expert dentists and 58.6% ± 4.5% in the group of non-expert people. The round shape of maxillary central incisors was related to the female gender (<i>P = </i>.006). The male condition was correlated with poor oral hygiene for 4 observers. Female sex perception was correlated with round morphology of upper central incisors for 3 observers.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>No difference in the ability to determine the sex was registered among groups, suggesting that sex perception is not strongly influenced by the characteristics of dentition.</p> Stefano Corbella, Alice Alberti, Martina Muzzarelli, Beatrice Zotti, Silvio Taschieri, Luca Francetti ORIGINAL ARTICLE Anatomical factors associated with gender recognizability: A study on intraoral standardized photographs 10.1111/jicd.12476 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12476 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12476?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12477?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12477 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To analyze the effect of a silicon (Si)‐based film deposited on yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y‐TZP) on the topography and bond strength of resin cement. Methods Specimens of zirconia were obtained and randomly divided into 4 groups, according to surface treatment: polished group (PG) zirconia; sandblasted group (SG) zirconia with aluminum oxide (100 µm); after polished, zirconia was coated with Si‐based film group (SiFG); and after sandblasted, zirconia was coated with Si‐based film group (SiFSG). The Si‐based films were obtained through plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Surface roughness and contact angle analysis were performed. Resin cement cylinders were built up on the treated surface of blocks, after applying Monobond‐S. The specimens were submitted to thermocycling aging and shear bond strength testing. The Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney U‐tests were performed. Results There were significant differences between the surface treatments for each roughness parameter measured. Si‐based film increased roughness and decreased the contact angle. Si‐based film groups also demonstrated significantly lower bond strength values. Conclusion Si‐based film produced using plasma deposition provided lower bond strength to resin cement compared with conventional treatment; however, the film deposition reduced the contact angle and improved roughness, favorable properties in the long way to prepare an optimum material. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To analyze the effect of a silicon (Si)-based film deposited on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) on the topography and bond strength of resin cement.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Specimens of zirconia were obtained and randomly divided into 4 groups, according to surface treatment: polished group (PG) zirconia; sandblasted group (SG) zirconia with aluminum oxide (100 µm); after polished, zirconia was coated with Si-based film group (SiFG); and after sandblasted, zirconia was coated with Si-based film group (SiFSG). The Si-based films were obtained through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Surface roughness and contact angle analysis were performed. Resin cement cylinders were built up on the treated surface of blocks, after applying Monobond-S. The specimens were submitted to thermocycling aging and shear bond strength testing. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-tests were performed.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>There were significant differences between the surface treatments for each roughness parameter measured. Si-based film increased roughness and decreased the contact angle. Si-based film groups also demonstrated significantly lower bond strength values.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Si-based film produced using plasma deposition provided lower bond strength to resin cement compared with conventional treatment; however, the film deposition reduced the contact angle and improved roughness, favorable properties in the long way to prepare an optimum material.</p> Alecsandro de Moura Silva, Viviane Maria Gonçalves de Figueiredo, Marcos Massi, Renata Falchete do Prado, Argemiro Soares da Silva Sobrinho, José Reinaldo Cavalcanti de Queiroz, Lafayette Nogueira Junior ORIGINAL ARTICLE Silicon‐based film on the yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal: Surface and shear bond strength analysis 10.1111/jicd.12477 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12477 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12477?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12479?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12479 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim This study assessed and compared the oral health status, dental trauma experience and oral health habits of children with and without epilepsy. Methods Thirty‐five children with epilepsy aged 3‐18 years old were recruited from the pediatric neurology clinics of 2 university‐affiliated district hospitals. A sample of 35 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy children was recruited as controls. Clinical data on caries, gingival health, oral hygiene level and dental trauma were collected and compared between the groups. Information about children’s oral health habits and reported dental trauma experience were obtained by structured questionnaire. Results Children with epilepsy had significantly poorer gingival health than healthy controls. No significant differences in dental caries experience, oral hygiene level, dental trauma experience, oral health habits and dental care service utilization were observed between the children with and without epilepsy. Among the children with epilepsy, those taking more than 1 antiepileptic drug had a greater prevalence of dental caries when compared with those receiving mono‐antiepileptic drug therapy. The presence of gingival hyperplasia indicated poorer gingival health in epileptic children. Conclusion The study shows that children with epilepsy had poorer oral health status in terms of gingival health than those without epilepsy. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>This study assessed and compared the oral health status, dental trauma experience and oral health habits of children with and without epilepsy.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Thirty-five children with epilepsy aged 3-18 years old were recruited from the pediatric neurology clinics of 2 university-affiliated district hospitals. A sample of 35 age- and gender-matched healthy children was recruited as controls. Clinical data on caries, gingival health, oral hygiene level and dental trauma were collected and compared between the groups. Information about children’s oral health habits and reported dental trauma experience were obtained by structured questionnaire.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Children with epilepsy had significantly poorer gingival health than healthy controls. No significant differences in dental caries experience, oral hygiene level, dental trauma experience, oral health habits and dental care service utilization were observed between the children with and without epilepsy. Among the children with epilepsy, those taking more than 1 antiepileptic drug had a greater prevalence of dental caries when compared with those receiving mono-antiepileptic drug therapy. The presence of gingival hyperplasia indicated poorer gingival health in epileptic children.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The study shows that children with epilepsy had poorer oral health status in terms of gingival health than those without epilepsy.</p> Patricia M. Yeung, Virginia C. N. Wong, Colman P. McGrath, Cynthia K. Y. Yiu, Gillian H. M. Lee ORIGINAL ARTICLE Oral health status of children with epilepsy in Hong Kong 10.1111/jicd.12479 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12479 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12479?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12425?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12425 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Incidence of transient bacteremia following dental extractions ranges 30%‐70% among adults and 58%‐100% in children. This study aims to assess the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in detection of transient bacteremia during dental extraction. Methods Twenty volunteers for dental extraction entered the study. Blood samples were taken at baseline and 30 seconds and 15 minutes after extraction. Five types of bacteria were selected, namely Streptococcus mutans, S. salivarius, S. sanguinis, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus. Blood samples were evaluated by microbial culture and multiplex PCR. Results Blood culture showed rates of 0%, 80% and 25% for bacteremia before, during and after dental extraction, respectively. A significant difference was observed between baseline and during extraction. Using PCR, bacteremia was deemed 20%, 100% and 30% before, during and after extraction, respectively, and a significant difference was witnessed between the baseline and during extraction. The highest incidence was at the 30‐second mark after extraction, and the most prevalent type of bacteria was S. mutans. Conclusions Multiplex PCR can be used to determine bacterial diversity with high accuracy during occurrence of bacteremia. Therefore, in cases where positive blood cultures only indicate the presence of one species, we recommend the use of this method to detect more diverse bacteria types. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Incidence of transient bacteremia following dental extractions ranges 30%-70% among adults and 58%-100% in children. This study aims to assess the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in detection of transient bacteremia during dental extraction.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Twenty volunteers for dental extraction entered the study. Blood samples were taken at baseline and 30 seconds and 15 minutes after extraction. Five types of bacteria were selected, namely <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>,<i> S. salivarius</i>,<i> S. sanguinis</i>,<i> Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>. Blood samples were evaluated by microbial culture and multiplex PCR.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Blood culture showed rates of 0%, 80% and 25% for bacteremia before, during and after dental extraction, respectively. A significant difference was observed between baseline and during extraction. Using PCR, bacteremia was deemed 20%, 100% and 30% before, during and after extraction, respectively, and a significant difference was witnessed between the baseline and during extraction. The highest incidence was at the 30-second mark after extraction, and the most prevalent type of bacteria was <i>S. mutans</i>.</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>Multiplex PCR can be used to determine bacterial diversity with high accuracy during occurrence of bacteremia. Therefore, in cases where positive blood cultures only indicate the presence of one species, we recommend the use of this method to detect more diverse bacteria types.</p> Azita Azad, Farzan Modaresi, Maryam Zahed, Mahshid Zarei, Alireza Ranjbaran, Zahra Kargar Jahrom ORIGINAL ARTICLE Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of bacteremia during dental extraction 10.1111/jicd.12425 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12425 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12425?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12426?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12426 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate survival rates from fracture of endodontically treated posterior teeth (ETT) restored with or without crowns with recall periods of up to 5 years. Methods ETT with single‐unit crown or resin composite restorations were studied based on the inclusion criteria. Restoration, tooth structure loss, adjacent teeth, fracture, and restorability were recorded. Survival rates from fracture were calculated, and risk factors were identified. Results Overall, survival rate of ETT with crowns (92.2%) was significantly higher than resin composites (77.4%) (P < 0.05). ETT with one or two surface loss/es and two adjacent teeth had a high survival rate of 86.9%, which was not significantly different to ETT with crowns (P ≥ 0.05). Restoration and adjacent teeth were identified as significant factors. The majority of fractured ETT with resin composites were restorable, whereas those with crowns were unrestorable. Survival rates from unrestorable fracture were not significantly different between the crown (93.1%) and resin composite (96%) (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions The survival rate from the fracture of ETT restored with crowns was significantly higher than ETT restored with resin composites, but was not significantly different to ETT with one or two ETT with one or two surface loss/es and two adjacent teeth. ETT restored with resin composites had mostly restorable fracture, whereas ETT with unrestorable fracture were similar between the two restorations. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to investigate survival rates from fracture of endodontically treated posterior teeth (ETT) restored with or without crowns with recall periods of up to 5 years.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>ETT with single-unit crown or resin composite restorations were studied based on the inclusion criteria. Restoration, tooth structure loss, adjacent teeth, fracture, and restorability were recorded. Survival rates from fracture were calculated, and risk factors were identified.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Overall, survival rate of ETT with crowns (92.2%) was significantly higher than resin composites (77.4%) (<i>P </i>&lt; 0.05). ETT with one or two surface loss/es and two adjacent teeth had a high survival rate of 86.9%, which was not significantly different to ETT with crowns (<i>P </i>≥ 0.05). Restoration and adjacent teeth were identified as significant factors. The majority of fractured ETT with resin composites were restorable, whereas those with crowns were unrestorable. Survival rates from unrestorable fracture were not significantly different between the crown (93.1%) and resin composite (96%) (<i>P </i>≥ 0.05).</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>The survival rate from the fracture of ETT restored with crowns was significantly higher than ETT restored with resin composites, but was not significantly different to ETT with one or two ETT with one or two surface loss/es and two adjacent teeth. ETT restored with resin composites had mostly restorable fracture, whereas ETT with unrestorable fracture were similar between the two restorations.</p> Titalee Jirathanyanatt, Warattama Suksaphar, Danuchit Banomyong, Yaowaluk Ngoenwiwatkul ORIGINAL ARTICLE Endodontically treated posterior teeth restored with or without crown restorations: A 5‐year retrospective study of survival rates from fracture 10.1111/jicd.12426 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12426 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12426?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12427?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12427 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Our objectives were to describe the approach used in the National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network to capture patient‐reported outcomes and to compare electronic and paper modes of data capture in a specific network study. Methods This was a prospective, multicenter cohort study of 1862 patients with dentin hypersensitivity. Patient‐reported outcomes were assessed based on patients’ perception of pain using Visual Analog Scales and Labeled Magnitude scales at baseline and at 1, 4 and 8 weeks post‐baseline. Results Eighty‐five percent of study patients chose to complete follow‐up assessments via an electronic mode; 15% completed them via a paper mode. There was not a significant difference in the proportions of patients who completed the 8‐week assessment when comparing the electronic mode to the paper mode (92% vs. 90.8%, P = 0.31, Rao‐Scott clustered χ2‐test). Conclusion The electronic mode of data capture was as operational as the traditional paper mode, while also providing the advantage of eliminating data entry errors, not involving site research coordinators in measuring the patient‐reported outcomes, and not incurring cost and potential delays due to mailing study forms. Electronic data capture of patient reported outcomes could be successfully implemented in the community dental practice setting. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Our objectives were to describe the approach used in the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network to capture patient-reported outcomes and to compare electronic and paper modes of data capture in a specific network study.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>This was a prospective, multicenter cohort study of 1862 patients with dentin hypersensitivity. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed based on patients’ perception of pain using Visual Analog Scales and Labeled Magnitude scales at baseline and at 1, 4 and 8 weeks post-baseline.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Eighty-five percent of study patients chose to complete follow-up assessments via an electronic mode; 15% completed them via a paper mode. There was not a significant difference in the proportions of patients who completed the 8-week assessment when comparing the electronic mode to the paper mode (92% vs. 90.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.31, Rao-Scott clustered <i>χ</i> ²-test).</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The electronic mode of data capture was as operational as the traditional paper mode, while also providing the advantage of eliminating data entry errors, not involving site research coordinators in measuring the patient-reported outcomes, and not incurring cost and potential delays due to mailing study forms. Electronic data capture of patient reported outcomes could be successfully implemented in the community dental practice setting.</p> Dorota T. Kopycka‐Kedzierawski, Rita Cacciato, Roslyn Hennessey, Cyril Meyerowitz, Mark S. Litaker, Marc W. Heft, Kimberly S. Johnson, Stephanie C. Reyes, James D. Johnson, Camille T. Baltuck, Gregg H. Gilbert, National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group ORIGINAL ARTICLE Electronic and paper mode of data capture when assessing patient‐reported outcomes in the National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network 10.1111/jicd.12427 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12427 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12427?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12441?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12441 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the association between skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) and periodontitis in Thai adults and elders. Methods This study comprised 3282 participants aged 30‐82 years. BMD was assessed at 3 skeletal sites using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Each participant's BMD status was classified as normal, osteopenia or osteoporosis. Periodontal assessments were the number of remaining teeth, plaque score, probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL). The participants were classified into no/mild or moderate/severe periodontitis groups. The mean periodontal variables between BMD categories were compared. The association between the BMD status and moderate/severe periodontitis was analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results Among the BMD categories, the greatest mean CAL and the lowest mean number of remaining teeth were found in the osteoporosis group. The mean CAL difference between the osteoporosis and normal BMD groups was 0.3 mm. In 337 participants with a plaque score of less than 40%, there was a significant association between osteoporosis and moderate/severe periodontitis. Conclusion Skeletal BMD in the osteoporosis range was associated with moderate/severe periodontitis in individuals with fair oral hygiene, suggesting the benefit of special attention to the skeletal bone health of these individuals. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) and periodontitis in Thai adults and elders.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>This study comprised 3282 participants aged 30-82 years. BMD was assessed at 3 skeletal sites using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Each participant's BMD status was classified as normal, osteopenia or osteoporosis. Periodontal assessments were the number of remaining teeth, plaque score, probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL). The participants were classified into no/mild or moderate/severe periodontitis groups. The mean periodontal variables between BMD categories were compared. The association between the BMD status and moderate/severe periodontitis was analyzed using binary logistic regression.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Among the BMD categories, the greatest mean CAL and the lowest mean number of remaining teeth were found in the osteoporosis group. The mean CAL difference between the osteoporosis and normal BMD groups was 0.3 mm. In 337 participants with a plaque score of less than 40%, there was a significant association between osteoporosis and moderate/severe periodontitis.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Skeletal BMD in the osteoporosis range was associated with moderate/severe periodontitis in individuals with fair oral hygiene, suggesting the benefit of special attention to the skeletal bone health of these individuals.</p> Sanutm Mongkornkarn, Rapatchata Suthasinekul, Chanika Sritara, Attawood Lertpimonchai, Suphot Tamsailom, Artit Udomsak ORIGINAL ARTICLE Significant association between skeletal bone mineral density and moderate to severe periodontitis in fair oral hygiene individuals 10.1111/jicd.12441 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12441 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12441?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12444?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12444 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To compare the shear bond strengths of a calcium silicate‐based root canal sealer (CSS), to dentin or calcium silicate‐impregnated gutta‐percha (CSGP), with the shear bond strengths of an epoxy resin‐based sealer. Methods For sealer/dentin testing, 40 hemisectioned roots were divided into 2 groups. Coronal root dentin discs were bonded with CSS or epoxy resin‐based sealer. For sealer/core material testing, CSGP and conventional gutta‐percha discs were bonded with a matching sealer (N = 20 per group). The shear bond strengths were tested using a universal testing machine. The failed modes were analyzed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results The CSS sealer had significantly higher shear bond strength to dentin than did epoxy resin‐based sealer (P < .01). However, shear bond strengths of the 2 sealers to core materials did not significantly differ (P = .74). The remnants of the CSS sealer adhering to dentin or calcium silicate gutta‐percha disc were observed. Conclusions The CSS sealer had better adhesion to dentin than did epoxy resin‐based sealer. However, the bond of the CSS sealer to impregnated gutta‐percha was not superior to the epoxy resin‐based sealer bonded to conventional gutta‐percha. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To compare the shear bond strengths of a calcium silicate-based root canal sealer (CSS), to dentin or calcium silicate-impregnated gutta-percha (CSGP), with the shear bond strengths of an epoxy resin-based sealer.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>For sealer/dentin testing, 40 hemisectioned roots were divided into 2 groups. Coronal root dentin discs were bonded with CSS or epoxy resin-based sealer. For sealer/core material testing, CSGP and conventional gutta-percha discs were bonded with a matching sealer (N = 20 per group). The shear bond strengths were tested using a universal testing machine. The failed modes were analyzed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The CSS sealer had significantly higher shear bond strength to dentin than did epoxy resin-based sealer (<i>P</i> &lt; .01). However, shear bond strengths of the 2 sealers to core materials did not significantly differ (<i>P</i> = .74). The remnants of the CSS sealer adhering to dentin or calcium silicate gutta-percha disc were observed.</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>The CSS sealer had better adhesion to dentin than did epoxy resin-based sealer. However, the bond of the CSS sealer to impregnated gutta-percha was not superior to the epoxy resin-based sealer bonded to conventional gutta-percha.</p> Nonthicha Banphakarn, Kallaya Yanpiset, Danuchit Banomyong ORIGINAL ARTICLE Shear bond strengths of calcium silicate‐based sealer to dentin and calcium silicate‐impregnated gutta‐percha 10.1111/jicd.12444 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12444 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12444?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12447?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12447 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To evaluate the prevalence of oral lesions (OL) and associated factors among survivors of breast cancer (BC). Methods A cross‐sectional study involving 150 BC survivors was conducted at a public hospital in southern Brazil. Data were collected on socioeconomic aspects, treatment characteristics and oral problems. The decayed, missing and filled teeth index and the occurrence of OL were evaluated. Logistic regression was performed to determine independent variables associated with the outcome. Results 24% of the women had at least 1 OL and 33.3% of these had more than one lesion. Melanotic macule was the most prevalent lesion. Duration of tamoxifen use, radiotherapy, missing teeth and xerostomia were associated with the occurrence of OL (P < .05). In the adjusted analysis, women with more than 13 missing teeth and xerostomia had 2.39‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06‐5.40) and 2.71‐fold (95% CI, 1.14‐6.42), respectively, greater odds of exhibiting OL. Conclusion Approximately 1/4 of the BC survivors exhibited OL, which were associated with tooth loss and xerostomia. These findings could assist in the establishment of oral health strategies for women with BC. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To evaluate the prevalence of oral lesions (OL) and associated factors among survivors of breast cancer (BC).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>A cross-sectional study involving 150 BC survivors was conducted at a public hospital in southern Brazil. Data were collected on socioeconomic aspects, treatment characteristics and oral problems. The decayed, missing and filled teeth index and the occurrence of OL were evaluated. Logistic regression was performed to determine independent variables associated with the outcome.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>24% of the women had at least 1 OL and 33.3% of these had more than one lesion. Melanotic macule was the most prevalent lesion. Duration of tamoxifen use, radiotherapy, missing teeth and xerostomia were associated with the occurrence of OL (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). In the adjusted analysis, women with more than 13 missing teeth and xerostomia had 2.39-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-5.40) and 2.71-fold (95% CI, 1.14-6.42), respectively, greater odds of exhibiting OL.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Approximately 1/4 of the BC survivors exhibited OL, which were associated with tooth loss and xerostomia. These findings could assist in the establishment of oral health strategies for women with BC.</p> Luísa Comerlato Jardim, Priscila Trindade Flores, Felipe de Araújo Sensever, Maria do Carmo dos Santos Araújo, Cristina Machado Bragança de Moraes, Juares Chiesa, Raquel Pippi Antoniazzi ORIGINAL ARTICLE Oral lesions and associated factors in breast cancer survivors 10.1111/jicd.12447 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12447 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12447?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12461?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12461 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pushout bond strength between glass‐fiber posts to different regions of intraradicular dentin with different materials for adhesive cementation. Methods After endodontic filling, 40 teeth were divided into five groups according to adhesive cementation: Adper Single Bond 2 + RelyX ARC, Excite DSC + RelyX ARC (EXC), Adper SE Plus + RelyX ARC (SEP), RelyX Unicem, and Set. After the bonding process, roots were sectioned obtaining slices to be analyzed from each third. The bond strength was measured using the pushout test in a universal testing machine (Emic DL 3000) at a cross‐head speed of .5 mm/minutes in different areas of the post space (cervical, middle, and apical). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Fisher's test (α = .05). Results The highest values for the pushout bond strength were found for the SEP group in all experimental conditions, without a significant difference for the EXC group in the middle and apical regions. There was a decrease in pushout bond strength in the cervical‐apical direction for all groups, except the EXC group, which did not show a difference among the different regions. Conclusions The different interactions of the resin materials and the intraradicular depth influenced the bond strength of adhesives materials to dentin substrate. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pushout bond strength between glass-fiber posts to different regions of intraradicular dentin with different materials for adhesive cementation.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>After endodontic filling, 40 teeth were divided into five groups according to adhesive cementation: Adper Single Bond 2 + RelyX ARC, Excite DSC + RelyX ARC (EXC), Adper SE Plus + RelyX ARC (SEP), RelyX Unicem, and Set. After the bonding process, roots were sectioned obtaining slices to be analyzed from each third. The bond strength was measured using the pushout test in a universal testing machine (Emic DL 3000) at a cross-head speed of .5 mm/minutes in different areas of the post space (cervical, middle, and apical). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Fisher's test (α = .05).</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The highest values for the pushout bond strength were found for the SEP group in all experimental conditions, without a significant difference for the EXC group in the middle and apical regions. There was a decrease in pushout bond strength in the cervical-apical direction for all groups, except the EXC group, which did not show a difference among the different regions.</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>The different interactions of the resin materials and the intraradicular depth influenced the bond strength of adhesives materials to dentin substrate.</p> Thaís Yumi Umeda Suzuki, João Eduardo Gomes‐Filho, André Luiz Fraga Briso, Wirley Gonçalves Assunção, Paulo Henrique dos Santos ORIGINAL ARTICLE Influence of the depth of intraradicular dentin on the pushout bond strength of resin materials 10.1111/jicd.12461 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12461 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12461?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12462?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12462 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim In the present study, we aimed to identify and analyze the characteristics of highly cited articles in dentistry. Methods All articles belonging to Web of Science category of “dentistry, oral surgery and medicine” published until 2016 were analyzed. The bibliometric data of the highly cited articles were evaluated. The Y‐index was applied to assess authors’ publication potential. Altmetric scores were recorded from Dimensions, a free online database. Results There were 3666 highly cited dentistry articles published in dental journals. Half of them were published in seven leading journals in their specialties. The major contributing countries were the USA, Sweden, the UK, and Switzerland. The highly cited articles were written by 3.7 authors on average. Jan Lindhe had the largest number of highly cited articles, whereas David H. Pashley had the highest potential to publish highly cited articles in dentistry. Conclusions Highly cited articles were distributed among various dental specialties, and the most productive periods were the late 1990s and the early 2000s. The Y‐index gave dimensional details of the prolific authors. The current analysis was based on data extracted from Web of Science. Results could be different if data were extracted from other databases, such as Google Scholar. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>In the present study, we aimed to identify and analyze the characteristics of highly cited articles in dentistry.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>All articles belonging to Web of Science category of “dentistry, oral surgery and medicine” published until 2016 were analyzed. The bibliometric data of the highly cited articles were evaluated. The Y-index was applied to assess authors’ publication potential. Altmetric scores were recorded from Dimensions, a free online database.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>There were 3666 highly cited dentistry articles published in dental journals. Half of them were published in seven leading journals in their specialties. The major contributing countries were the USA, Sweden, the UK, and Switzerland. The highly cited articles were written by 3.7 authors on average. Jan Lindhe had the largest number of highly cited articles, whereas David H. Pashley had the highest potential to publish highly cited articles in dentistry.</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>Highly cited articles were distributed among various dental specialties, and the most productive periods were the late 1990s and the early 2000s. The Y-index gave dimensional details of the prolific authors. The current analysis was based on data extracted from Web of Science. Results could be different if data were extracted from other databases, such as Google Scholar.</p> Andy Wai Kan Yeung, Yuh‐Shan Ho ORIGINAL ARTICLE Highly cited dental articles and their authors: An evaluation of publication and citation characteristics 10.1111/jicd.12462 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12462 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12462?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12465?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12465 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Oral health literacy is emerging as an important element in oral health promotion, but few studies have been conducted in older adults. This work aimed to develop and validate the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry for Older Adults (OA‐TOFHLiD). Methods The tool was developed by a researcher and then evaluated by experts for face validity. A convenience sample was conducted to recruit 105 older adults, aged more than 60 years in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 2016. 2 existing health literacy tools and the newly developed test were administered and oral health statuses were examined by a dentist. Results The mean age of the participants was 67.4 years (SD = 5.86). The OA‐TOFHLiD scores were positively correlated with education, income, self‐reported general literacy, health literacy scores and dental caries. However, it was negatively correlated with the number of decayed and missing teeth (P < .05). Cronbach's alpha was 0.88 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.86. Conclusion This study demonstrated that OA‐TOFHLiD has acceptable validity and reliability; however, it is suggested that the predictive validity of this tool should be improved. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Oral health literacy is emerging as an important element in oral health promotion, but few studies have been conducted in older adults. This work aimed to develop and validate the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry for Older Adults (OA-TOFHLiD).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>The tool was developed by a researcher and then evaluated by experts for face validity. A convenience sample was conducted to recruit 105 older adults, aged more than 60 years in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 2016. 2 existing health literacy tools and the newly developed test were administered and oral health statuses were examined by a dentist.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The mean age of the participants was 67.4 years (SD = 5.86). The OA-TOFHLiD scores were positively correlated with education, income, self-reported general literacy, health literacy scores and dental caries. However, it was negatively correlated with the number of decayed and missing teeth (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). Cronbach's alpha was 0.88 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.86.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>This study demonstrated that OA-TOFHLiD has acceptable validity and reliability; however, it is suggested that the predictive validity of this tool should be improved.</p> Pinpinut Wanichsaithong, Michaela Goodwin, Iain A. Pretty ORIGINAL ARTICLE Development and pilot study of an oral health literacy tool for older adults 10.1111/jicd.12465 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12465 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12465?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12466?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12466 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To outline the current literature surrounding natal teeth, and then, in a pilot study, to evaluate natal teeth using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) to determine their anatomical profile, and compare and contrast different analytical methods to assess natal teeth. Methods 2 extracted natal teeth (mandibular central incisors) and 1 exfoliated mandibular primary central incisor were subjected to micro‐CT analysis. Results Within natal teeth, there were no statistical differences in tooth mineral density (TMD) of both enamel and dentine (P > .05), whereas mandibular primary central incisors had a significantly higher TMD of both enamel and dentine in comparison with both natal tooth 1 and natal tooth 2 (P < .05). Mandibular primary central incisors had a greater thickness and volume of both enamel and dentine, but exhibited lower pulpal space volume. Conclusion Micro‐CT is an alternative and non‐invasive method to anatomically assess natal teeth. According to the pilot study, natal teeth exhibited lower TMD, decreased enamel and dentine thickness, and smaller pulpal space volume in comparison with mandibular primary incisor teeth. This pilot study creates a foundation to establish the collection and analysis of natal teeth on a larger scale over time using micro‐CT. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To outline the current literature surrounding natal teeth, and then, in a pilot study, to evaluate natal teeth using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to determine their anatomical profile, and compare and contrast different analytical methods to assess natal teeth.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>2 extracted natal teeth (mandibular central incisors) and 1 exfoliated mandibular primary central incisor were subjected to micro-CT analysis.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Within natal teeth, there were no statistical differences in tooth mineral density (TMD) of both enamel and dentine (<i>P</i> &gt; .05), whereas mandibular primary central incisors had a significantly higher TMD of both enamel and dentine in comparison with both natal tooth 1 and natal tooth 2 (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). Mandibular primary central incisors had a greater thickness and volume of both enamel and dentine, but exhibited lower pulpal space volume.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Micro-CT is an alternative and non-invasive method to anatomically assess natal teeth. According to the pilot study, natal teeth exhibited lower TMD, decreased enamel and dentine thickness, and smaller pulpal space volume in comparison with mandibular primary incisor teeth. This pilot study creates a foundation to establish the collection and analysis of natal teeth on a larger scale over time using micro-CT.</p> Joon Soo Park, Jilen Patel, Bhedita J. Seewoo, Nigel M. King, Robert P. Anthonappa ORIGINAL ARTICLE Literature review and micro‐computed tomography analysis of natal teeth: A pilot study 10.1111/jicd.12466 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12466 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12466?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12467?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12467 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to compare patient morbidity and healing outcomes of free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting at palatal donor sites and after using platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) and oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC). FGG harvesting leaves open palatal wounds, which heal by secondary intention. Patients might experience discomfort or pain during the first 2 weeks of healing. Methods Eighteen participants requiring two FGG were recruited. The test and control sites were covered with PRF membrane and ORC. The complete epithelialization of the palatal wound, the percentage of wound healing, and postoperative pain were evaluated, 1, 3, and 7 days and 2, 3, and 4 weeks after surgery. Results Similar wound size reduction at 1 week (test: 36.87%, control: 38.78%) was found. At 2 weeks, the majority of the test group (88.89%) showed complete epithelialization, whereas 66.67% of the control group had complete epithelialization (P = .228). Pain was more prevalent in the control group (27.77%) than in the test group (11.1%) on day 1. None of the participants reported any pain or discomfort at the test sites on day 3. Conclusions PRF seems to reduce patient morbidity, but there is no difference in palatal wound healing (P > .05). <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to compare patient morbidity and healing outcomes of free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting at palatal donor sites and after using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC). FGG harvesting leaves open palatal wounds, which heal by secondary intention. Patients might experience discomfort or pain during the first 2 weeks of healing.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Eighteen participants requiring two FGG were recruited. The test and control sites were covered with PRF membrane and ORC. The complete epithelialization of the palatal wound, the percentage of wound healing, and postoperative pain were evaluated, 1, 3, and 7 days and 2, 3, and 4 weeks after surgery.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Similar wound size reduction at 1 week (test: 36.87%, control: 38.78%) was found. At 2 weeks, the majority of the test group (88.89%) showed complete epithelialization, whereas 66.67% of the control group had complete epithelialization (<i>P </i>=<i> </i>.228). Pain was more prevalent in the control group (27.77%) than in the test group (11.1%) on day 1. None of the participants reported any pain or discomfort at the test sites on day 3.</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>PRF seems to reduce patient morbidity, but there is no difference in palatal wound healing (<i>P</i> &gt; .05).</p> Arada Patarapongsanti, Panwadee Bandhaya, Benyapha Sirinirund, Sakornratana Khongkhunthian, Pathawee Khongkhunthian ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparison of platelet‐rich fibrin and cellulose in palatal wounds after graft harvesting 10.1111/jicd.12467 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12467 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12467?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12468?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12468 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Physical properties of obturating materials have a direct effect on the quality of obturation; less viscous material will tend to extrude beyond the apex. We hypothesize that the use of absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) can prevent the extrusion of these materials. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of obturation in root canals filled with iodoform‐calcium hydroxide (Metapex) premixed paste and Metapex with AGS (MAGS) in primary molars. Methods This in vivo study comprised 60 primary mandibular molars which after instrumentation were divided into 2 groups according to the obturation material used, Metapex and MAGS, followed by radiographic evaluation to assess the quality of the obturation. The χ2‐test was applied for statistical analysis. Results There was a statistically significant difference between Metapex and MAGS groups in achieving optimum obturation (P < .001). Metapex and MAGS exhibited 86.65% and 38.88% optimum obturation respectively. The overfilling of root canals effectively reduced from 38.88% to 4.44%. Conclusion The addition of AGS to Metapex causes a “tamponade effect”, which reduces the tendency of Metapex to extrude beyond the root apex. Root canal obturation using a modified filling paste like MAGS is effective in obtaining optimum obturation in primary teeth. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Physical properties of obturating materials have a direct effect on the quality of obturation; less viscous material will tend to extrude beyond the apex. We hypothesize that the use of absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) can prevent the extrusion of these materials. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of obturation in root canals filled with iodoform-calcium hydroxide (Metapex) premixed paste and Metapex with AGS (MAGS) in primary molars.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>This in vivo study comprised 60 primary mandibular molars which after instrumentation were divided into 2 groups according to the obturation material used, Metapex and MAGS, followed by radiographic evaluation to assess the quality of the obturation. The χ²-test was applied for statistical analysis.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>There was a statistically significant difference between Metapex and MAGS groups in achieving optimum obturation (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Metapex and MAGS exhibited 86.65% and 38.88% optimum obturation respectively. The overfilling of root canals effectively reduced from 38.88% to 4.44%.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The addition of AGS to Metapex causes a “tamponade effect”, which reduces the tendency of Metapex to extrude beyond the root apex. Root canal obturation using a modified filling paste like MAGS is effective in obtaining optimum obturation in primary teeth.</p> Adesh Kakade, Heeresh Shetty, Anitha Santosh, Sayali Mali, Sheetal Badnaware, Bhagyashree Deshmukh, Karun Banthiya ORIGINAL ARTICLE Tamponade effect of resorbable biological barrier in quality of obturation in primary molar 10.1111/jicd.12468 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12468 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12468?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12469?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12469 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To study the expression of tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and fibroblast growth factor‐inducible immediate early response protein 14 (Fn14) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to elucidate the possible role of TWEAK‐Fn14 in OSCC development. Methods Immunohistochemistry for TWEAK‐Fn14 was performed on 61 oral mucosal samples: healthy oral mucosa (HOM; N = 15); oral dysplastic lesions (ODL; N = 15); and OSCC (N = 31). Extent of staining (ES) and immunoreactive score (IRS) were assessed. The data was statistically analyzed. Results All OSCC expressed TWEAK, and the Fn14 expression was noted in 90% of OSCC. A significant difference in the TWEAK and Fn14 expression was noted among the groups. ES and IRS of TWEAK‐Fn14 significantly increased in OSCC compared with ODL and HOM. ES of TWEAK was significantly higher than Fn14 in all 3 groups. ES of TWEAK‐Fn14 was significantly higher at the invasive tumor front (ITF) than in the whole tumor. TWEAK‐Fn14 showed a significant association with clinicopathological parameters of prognostic significance. Conclusion Findings suggest that TWEAK and Fn14 may participate in the growth and progression of OSCC. Increased expression of TWEAK‐Fn14 at the ITF may facilitate increased proliferation, altered differentiation and invasion. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To study the expression of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and fibroblast growth factor-inducible immediate early response protein 14 (Fn14) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to elucidate the possible role of TWEAK-Fn14 in OSCC development.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Immunohistochemistry for TWEAK-Fn14 was performed on 61 oral mucosal samples: healthy oral mucosa (HOM; N = 15); oral dysplastic lesions (ODL; N = 15); and OSCC (N = 31). Extent of staining (ES) and immunoreactive score (IRS) were assessed. The data was statistically analyzed.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>All OSCC expressed TWEAK, and the Fn14 expression was noted in 90% of OSCC. A significant difference in the TWEAK and Fn14 expression was noted among the groups. ES and IRS of TWEAK-Fn14 significantly increased in OSCC compared with ODL and HOM. ES of TWEAK was significantly higher than Fn14 in all 3 groups. ES of TWEAK-Fn14 was significantly higher at the invasive tumor front (ITF) than in the whole tumor. TWEAK-Fn14 showed a significant association with clinicopathological parameters of prognostic significance.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Findings suggest that TWEAK and Fn14 may participate in the growth and progression of OSCC. Increased expression of TWEAK-Fn14 at the ITF may facilitate increased proliferation, altered differentiation and invasion.</p> Swetha Acharya, Prashant Prabhu, Vidya S. Patil, Anirudh B. Acharya, Krithi Nikhil ORIGINAL ARTICLE Immunohistochemical expression of tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis and fibroblast growth factor‐inducible immediate early response protein 14 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its implications 10.1111/jicd.12469 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12469 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12469?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12432?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12432 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aims The aim of the present study was to determine the range, frequency, prevalence, and distribution of oral lesions submitted for histopathological diagnosis at the oral pathology laboratory at Kuwait University. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of all cases submitted to the oral pathology laboratory over an 18‐year period. Age, sex, histopathological diagnosis, and location of the lesions were recorded. Lesions were classified into 10 diagnostic categories. Results Of the 697 biopsies examined, the average age of the patients ranged from 1 to 93 years with a mean age of 37.83 ± 16.62 (mean ± SD). The most common diagnostic category was mucosal pathologies (N = 205, 29.4%), followed by odontogenic cysts (N = 158, 22.7%) and reactive lesions (N = 97, 13.9%). The three most common histopathological diagnoses were hyperkeratosis (N = 70), dentigerous cyst (N = 48), and mucocele (N = 44). Twenty‐five malignant neoplasms were diagnosed, the majority of them in males. A significant association was observed between age and the group of lesions of the oral cavity (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions The present study provides the first set of data from Kuwait that covers a wide range of oral lesions. Mucosal pathologies were the most frequently diagnosed lesions and the majority of diagnoses were benign. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aims</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to determine the range, frequency, prevalence, and distribution of oral lesions submitted for histopathological diagnosis at the oral pathology laboratory at Kuwait University.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>A retrospective analysis was conducted of all cases submitted to the oral pathology laboratory over an 18-year period. Age, sex, histopathological diagnosis, and location of the lesions were recorded. Lesions were classified into 10 diagnostic categories.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Of the 697 biopsies examined, the average age of the patients ranged from 1 to 93 years with a mean age of 37.83 ± 16.62 (mean ± SD). The most common diagnostic category was mucosal pathologies (N = 205, 29.4%), followed by odontogenic cysts (N = 158, 22.7%) and reactive lesions (N = 97, 13.9%). The three most common histopathological diagnoses were hyperkeratosis (N = 70), dentigerous cyst (N = 48), and mucocele (N = 44). Twenty-five malignant neoplasms were diagnosed, the majority of them in males. A significant association was observed between age and the group of lesions of the oral cavity (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001).</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>The present study provides the first set of data from Kuwait that covers a wide range of oral lesions. Mucosal pathologies were the most frequently diagnosed lesions and the majority of diagnoses were benign.</p> Bobby K. Joseph, Mohammad A. Ali, Hussain Dashti, Devipriya B. Sundaram ORIGINAL ARTICLE Analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology lesions over an 18‐year period diagnosed at Kuwait University 10.1111/jicd.12432 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12432 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12432?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12433?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12433 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To investigate the correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics, serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesion (OLL). Methods Fifty three Thai patients with red and white lesions were divided into 3 groups: 17 cases of OLP, 19 cases of OLL and 17 cases of oral lichenoid drug reaction (OLDR), respectively. The medical records, photographs, histopathological evaluation and laboratory ANA and DIF results were analyzed. Results Atrophic pattern was the most commonly found pattern in the OLDR, OLP and OLL groups. In the OLP group, the DIF interpretation confirmed only 41.2% of cases as OLP, with 23.5% each as lichen planus (LP)/lupus erythematosus (LE) or negative findings. In the OLL group, the most common DIF interpretation (31.6% each) was LP/LE or non‐specific finding. In the OLDR group, DIF interpretation was OLP or LP/LE (23.5% each), with 5.9% each of immune complex‐mediated disease, compatible with OLP, and mixed connective tissue disease. Interestingly, 1 case in the OLDR group demonstrated mild to moderate dysplasia. There were no significant differences in ANA positivity or patterns between the 3 groups. Conclusion An OLP‐like lesion could be diagnosed as OLP, OLP/LE, chronic ulcerative‐like lesion, immune‐mediated disease or dysplasia. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To investigate the correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics, serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesion (OLL).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Fifty three Thai patients with red and white lesions were divided into 3 groups: 17 cases of OLP, 19 cases of OLL and 17 cases of oral lichenoid drug reaction (OLDR), respectively. The medical records, photographs, histopathological evaluation and laboratory ANA and DIF results were analyzed.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Atrophic pattern was the most commonly found pattern in the OLDR, OLP and OLL groups. In the OLP group, the DIF interpretation confirmed only 41.2% of cases as OLP, with 23.5% each as lichen planus (LP)/lupus erythematosus (LE) or negative findings. In the OLL group, the most common DIF interpretation (31.6% each) was LP/LE or non-specific finding. In the OLDR group, DIF interpretation was OLP or LP/LE (23.5% each), with 5.9% each of immune complex-mediated disease, compatible with OLP, and mixed connective tissue disease. Interestingly, 1 case in the OLDR group demonstrated mild to moderate dysplasia. There were no significant differences in ANA positivity or patterns between the 3 groups.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>An OLP-like lesion could be diagnosed as OLP, OLP/LE, chronic ulcerative-like lesion, immune-mediated disease or dysplasia.</p> Kittiphoj Tikkhanarak, Daras Wangboo, Nichakorn Sookviboonpol, Kobkan Thongprasom ORIGINAL ARTICLE Correlation of clinicopathological characteristics and direct immunofluorescence studies in oral lichenoid lesion in Thai patients 10.1111/jicd.12433 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12433 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12433?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12434?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12434 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immediate and residual antimicrobial activity of cordless sonic or ultrasonic devices on Enterococcus faecalis (E faecalis)‐infected teeth. Methods A total of 140 single‐rooted extracted teeth with E faecalis were grouped as follows (N = 15): conventional syringe irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite activated by ultrasonic device (group 1) or cordless ultrasonic device (group 2), EndoActivator (group 3) or without activation (group 4), conventional syringe irrigation with sterile bi‐distilled water and ultrasonic device (group 5), EndoUltra (group 6), EndoActivator (group 7), or without activation (group 8). The remaining 20 teeth were used for positive and negative controls. Colony‐forming units (CFU) and turbidity were recorded from bacteriological samples taken before and after irrigation and after 24 hours of re‐incubation. Data were statistically analyzed using Student's t test, Mann‐Whitney test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, and Dunn's multiple comparison tests (P < .05). Results Groups 1 and 2 showed higher antimicrobial efficacy than groups 3 and 4 (P < .05). No bacteria reduction was found in groups 5‐8 (P > .05). After 24 hours, regrowth of bacteria was not significantly different for all groups (P > .05). Conclusions Ultrasound produced lower CFU and turbidity after treatment and after re‐incubation of 24 hours than sonic or no activation. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immediate and residual antimicrobial activity of cordless sonic or ultrasonic devices on <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E faecalis</i>)-infected teeth.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>A total of 140 single-rooted extracted teeth with <i>E faecalis</i> were grouped as follows (N = 15): conventional syringe irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite activated by ultrasonic device (group 1) or cordless ultrasonic device (group 2), EndoActivator (group 3) or without activation (group 4), conventional syringe irrigation with sterile bi-distilled water and ultrasonic device (group 5), EndoUltra (group 6), EndoActivator (group 7), or without activation (group 8). The remaining 20 teeth were used for positive and negative controls. Colony-forming units (CFU) and turbidity were recorded from bacteriological samples taken before and after irrigation and after 24 hours of re-incubation. Data were statistically analyzed using Student's <i>t</i> test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Dunn's multiple comparison tests (<i>P</i> &lt; .05).</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Groups 1 and 2 showed higher antimicrobial efficacy than groups 3 and 4 (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). No bacteria reduction was found in groups 5-8 (<i>P</i> &gt; .05). After 24 hours, regrowth of bacteria was not significantly different for all groups (<i>P</i> &gt; .05).</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>Ultrasound produced lower CFU and turbidity after treatment and after re-incubation of 24 hours than sonic or no activation.</p> Eugenio Pedullà, Carlo Genovese, Riccardo Messina, Giusy R. M. La Rosa, Giacomo Corsentino, Silvia Rapisarda, Maria T. Arias‐Moliz, Gianna Tempera, Simone Grandini ORIGINAL ARTICLE Antimicrobial efficacy of cordless sonic or ultrasonic devices on Enterococcus faecalis‐infected root canals 10.1111/jicd.12434 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12434 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12434?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12437?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12437 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of topical insulin‐liposomal gel in aphthous ulcer treatment. Methods 80 participants with minor aphthous ulcers were randomly divided to receive either topical insulin‐liposomal gel or placebo gel (once daily) for 6 days. Assessment of outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) for pain (primary outcome), and secondary outcomes included ulcer duration and impact of treatment on quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP‐14). Testing of the outcomes was carried out at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 days after treatment for VAS and at 6 days for OHIP‐14. Results For pain scores, the test group showed a significant decrease by time, this was evident from day 1 (P < .001); at day 3, median and interquartile range (IQR) values were 0 (0‐1). For the placebo group, a non‐significant change by time was reported between baseline and day 1; at day 3, the median value was 7 (IQR, 7‐9). The test group showed significantly lower mean duration than the placebo group (P < .001). OHIP‐14 scores after 6 days showed that the test group had a significantly lower score than placebo (P < .001). Conclusions Topical insulin‐liposomal formulation showed marked effectiveness in management of aphthous ulcers. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To evaluate the effectiveness of topical insulin-liposomal gel in aphthous ulcer treatment.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>80 participants with minor aphthous ulcers were randomly divided to receive either topical insulin-liposomal gel or placebo gel (once daily) for 6 days. Assessment of outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) for pain (primary outcome), and secondary outcomes included ulcer duration and impact of treatment on quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14). Testing of the outcomes was carried out at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 days after treatment for VAS and at 6 days for OHIP-14.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>For pain scores, the test group showed a significant decrease by time, this was evident from day 1 (<i>P</i> &lt; .001); at day 3, median and interquartile range (IQR) values were 0 (0-1). For the placebo group, a non-significant change by time was reported between baseline and day 1; at day 3, the median value was 7 (IQR, 7-9). The test group showed significantly lower mean duration than the placebo group (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). OHIP-14 scores after 6 days showed that the test group had a significantly lower score than placebo (<i>P</i> &lt; .001).</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>Topical insulin-liposomal formulation showed marked effectiveness in management of aphthous ulcers.</p> Naglaa M. El‐Wakeel, Nadia M. Morsi, Dalia M. Ghorab, Ghada E. Yassin, Marwa H. S. Dawoud ORIGINAL ARTICLE Topical insulin‐liposomal formulation in management of recurrent aphthous ulcers: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial 10.1111/jicd.12437 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12437 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12437?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12451?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12451 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Despite their histopathological similarity, unlike peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is an osteolytic lesion. Low motility of osteoclasts as bone‐resorbing agents decreases osteolysis where CD44 plays a role. The lesion requires angiogenesis to grow which in turn may cause bone resorption. This study aims to compare CD44 and CD34 expression in PGCG and CGCG. Methods 30 PGCG (group A) and 30 CGCG (group B) including non‐aggressive (B1, N = 14) and aggressive (B2, N = 16) subgroups were evaluated for CD44 and CD34 expression through immunohistochemistry. Results CD44 staining intensity distribution (SID) score and CD44 labelling index (LI) in PGCG were significantly higher than those in CGCG, while microvessel density assessed by CD34 (MVD‐CD34) was significantly higher in CGCG compared with PGCG. CD44‐SID score and CD44‐LI were higher for B1 whereas MVD‐CD34 was higher for B2 (P < .05). Conclusion Different CD44 expression among the studied groups may be indicative of the different motility of osteoclastic giant cells which may influence bone resorption. Lower CD44 expression probably indicates higher osteoclastic giant cell motility in CGCG, which with its higher angiogenesis may explain the different clinical behavior of CGCG compared with that of PGCG. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Despite their histopathological similarity, unlike peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is an osteolytic lesion. Low motility of osteoclasts as bone-resorbing agents decreases osteolysis where CD44 plays a role. The lesion requires angiogenesis to grow which in turn may cause bone resorption. This study aims to compare CD44 and CD34 expression in PGCG and CGCG.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>30 PGCG (group A) and 30 CGCG (group B) including non-aggressive (B1, N = 14) and aggressive (B2, N = 16) subgroups were evaluated for CD44 and CD34 expression through immunohistochemistry.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>CD44 staining intensity distribution (SID) score and CD44 labelling index (LI) in PGCG were significantly higher than those in CGCG, while microvessel density assessed by CD34 (MVD-CD34) was significantly higher in CGCG compared with PGCG. CD44-SID score and CD44-LI were higher for B1 whereas MVD-CD34 was higher for B2 (<i>P </i>&lt; .05).</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Different CD44 expression among the studied groups may be indicative of the different motility of osteoclastic giant cells which may influence bone resorption. Lower CD44 expression probably indicates higher osteoclastic giant cell motility in CGCG, which with its higher angiogenesis may explain the different clinical behavior of CGCG compared with that of PGCG.</p> Massoumeh Zargaran, Fahimeh Baghaei, Abbas Moghimbeigi, Fereshteh Baghai ORIGINAL ARTICLE Explanation for different behavior of peripheral and central giant cell granuloma by CD44 and CD34 immunostaining 10.1111/jicd.12451 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12451 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12451?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12452?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12452 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim This study aimed to investigate the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to the surface of interim prostheses that were treated or not treated with a light‐activated glaze, and subjected or not subjected to a thermocycling procedure. Methods 36 specimens of each resin were divided into 4 groups: heat‐activated acrylic resin; chemically‐activated acrylic resin; bis‐acryl composite resin (Protemp; 3M ESPE); and bis‐GMA (Charisma; Heraeus Kulzer). Half of the specimens underwent application of glaze and the other half underwent mechanical polishing. Specimens were randomly distributed into groups (N = 9) with and without thermocycling (2000 cycles). Surface energy, roughness and microbiological analyses were performed. Results Groups treated with glaze showed lower roughness when compared with the same groups without glaze treatment, before and after thermocycling, except for the bis‐acryl groups after thermocycling. Surface energy values were higher in the groups treated with glaze, except the bis‐acryl group before and after thermocycling. After thermocycling, the values of bacterial adhesion decreased numerically, with the exception of the chemically‐activated acrylic resin group treated with glaze and the heat‐activated acrylic resin group without glaze treatment. Conclusion The application of glaze and the thermocycling do not influence, in a statistically significant manner, the bacterial adhesion on polymer surfaces. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>This study aimed to investigate the adhesion of <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> to the surface of interim prostheses that were treated or not treated with a light-activated glaze, and subjected or not subjected to a thermocycling procedure.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>36 specimens of each resin were divided into 4 groups: heat-activated acrylic resin; chemically-activated acrylic resin; bis-acryl composite resin (Protemp; 3M ESPE); and bis-GMA (Charisma; Heraeus Kulzer). Half of the specimens underwent application of glaze and the other half underwent mechanical polishing. Specimens were randomly distributed into groups (N = 9) with and without thermocycling (2000 cycles). Surface energy, roughness and microbiological analyses were performed.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Groups treated with glaze showed lower roughness when compared with the same groups without glaze treatment, before and after thermocycling, except for the bis-acryl groups after thermocycling. Surface energy values were higher in the groups treated with glaze, except the bis-acryl group before and after thermocycling. After thermocycling, the values of bacterial adhesion decreased numerically, with the exception of the chemically-activated acrylic resin group treated with glaze and the heat-activated acrylic resin group without glaze treatment.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The application of glaze and the thermocycling do not influence, in a statistically significant manner, the bacterial adhesion on polymer surfaces.</p> Daniela Micheline dos Santos, Betina Chiarelo Commar, Emily Vivianne Freitas da Silva, Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão, Adaias Oliveira Matos, Marcelo Coelho Goiato ORIGINAL ARTICLE Influence of a light‐activated glaze on the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis to the surface of polymers used in fabrication of interim prostheses 10.1111/jicd.12452 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12452 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12452?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12453?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12453 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim This paper evaluates the use of online video learning materials used for a simulation laboratory course for 2 consecutive cohorts of students using an evaluation and analytics approach. Methods 100 online video clips were created to support students’ learning before, during and after the scheduled simulation laboratory teaching sessions in a fixed prosthodontics course. Videoed online presentations included screen‐captured PowerPoint presentations, simulation laboratory psychomotor and clinical skills demonstrations, individual student case consultations and whole‐class worksheet debriefings. Data files and access data were analyzed for 2 consecutive cohorts of 4th year students. An evaluation questionnaire was administered on the 2015 cohort. Results Feedback on learning resources were strongly positive. 100% of students reported that the videos helped in their learning, preparation for simulation laboratory classes, to refresh their memory prior to clinical care, prepare for the clinical competency test and prepare for examinations. In total, 4689 videos were accessed, 35% by class 2015 and 65% by 2016. 73% of these were watched during the simulation laboratory course, 13% were watched 2‐3 weeks before examinations and 14% during the remainder of the year. Conclusion Videos were reported to support student learning and were valued for a range of learning needs. However, significant differences between student consumption and strategies need to be designed to engage low consumers. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>This paper evaluates the use of online video learning materials used for a simulation laboratory course for 2 consecutive cohorts of students using an evaluation and analytics approach.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>100 online video clips were created to support students’ learning before, during and after the scheduled simulation laboratory teaching sessions in a fixed prosthodontics course. Videoed online presentations included screen-captured PowerPoint presentations, simulation laboratory psychomotor and clinical skills demonstrations, individual student case consultations and whole-class worksheet debriefings. Data files and access data were analyzed for 2 consecutive cohorts of 4th year students. An evaluation questionnaire was administered on the 2015 cohort.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Feedback on learning resources were strongly positive. 100% of students reported that the videos helped in their learning, preparation for simulation laboratory classes, to refresh their memory prior to clinical care, prepare for the clinical competency test and prepare for examinations. In total, 4689 videos were accessed, 35% by class 2015 and 65% by 2016. 73% of these were watched during the simulation laboratory course, 13% were watched 2-3 weeks before examinations and 14% during the remainder of the year.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Videos were reported to support student learning and were valued for a range of learning needs. However, significant differences between student consumption and strategies need to be designed to engage low consumers.</p> Michael G. Botelho ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of student use of videos to support learning in a simulation laboratory course: A perception and analytics approach 10.1111/jicd.12453 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12453 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12453?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12456?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12456 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim High‐viscosity glass‐ionomer cements (HV‐GIC) are indicated for restorations but their viscosity favors the inclusion of bubbles within it. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ultrasonic and sonic waves in bubble formation, microhardness and fluoride release in a HV‐GIC, also considering a different powder:liquid ratio (P/L). Methods Twenty‐four molars with occlusal cavities were divided into four groups (N = 6): CG, HV‐GIC with manual insertion; UG, application of ultrasonic waves; SG, application of sonic waves; and FG, HV‐GIC fluid (1:2 P/L) with manual insertion. After 24 hours, bubbles and microhardness (50 g/5 s) were measured. Fluoride release (N = 10) was evaluated in CG, SG and UG after cariogenic challenge for 11 days. Microhardness, total area and number of bubbles, and fluoride release were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test. The average size of bubbles was analyzed by Kruskal‐Wallis test (α = 5%). Results FG presented the lowest value of microhardness and higher average size for bubbles (P < .05). Differences concerning total number, total area occupied by bubbles and fluoride release were not found (P > .05). Conclusion The use of sonic and ultrasonic waves had no influence on bubble formation, microhardness and fluoride release of a HV‐GIC. Changing the P/L is not recommended. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>High-viscosity glass-ionomer cements (HV-GIC) are indicated for restorations but their viscosity favors the inclusion of bubbles within it. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ultrasonic and sonic waves in bubble formation, microhardness and fluoride release in a HV-GIC, also considering a different powder:liquid ratio (P/L).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Twenty-four molars with occlusal cavities were divided into four groups (N = 6): CG, HV-GIC with manual insertion; UG, application of ultrasonic waves; SG, application of sonic waves; and FG, HV-GIC fluid (1:2 P/L) with manual insertion. After 24 hours, bubbles and microhardness (50 g/5 s) were measured. Fluoride release (N = 10) was evaluated in CG, SG and UG after cariogenic challenge for 11 days. Microhardness, total area and number of bubbles, and fluoride release were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test. The average size of bubbles was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 5%).</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>FG presented the lowest value of microhardness and higher average size for bubbles (<i>P </i>&lt; .05). Differences concerning total number, total area occupied by bubbles and fluoride release were not found (<i>P </i>&gt; .05).</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The use of sonic and ultrasonic waves had no influence on bubble formation, microhardness and fluoride release of a HV-GIC. Changing the P/L is not recommended.</p> Nallu Gomes Lima Hironaka, Juliana Quintino Trizzi, Natália Miwa Yoshida, Jaime Aparecido Cury, Cinthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury, Juliana Nunes Botelho, Nubia Inocencya Pavesi Pini, Renata Corrêa Pascotto ORIGINAL ARTICLE Use of sonic waves in bubble formation, microhardness and fluoride release of a high‐viscosity glass‐ionomer cement 10.1111/jicd.12456 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12456 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12456?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12470?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12470 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To determine whether caries risk factors, including cariogenic bacterial levels and salivary function, can be used to identify orthodontic patients who develop white spot lesions (WSL). Methods This prospective case‐control study comprised 50 patients 11‐17 years of age, including 25 controls and 25 cases who developed new WSL during treatment. WSL, oral hygiene and fluorosis were evaluated from intraoral photographs. The biofilm was assessed with bacterial cultures and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence. Salivary analyses were performed to determine the pH of saliva and flow rates. A survey was used to assess snacking frequency, oral hygiene and fluoride utilization. Results There were no between‐group pretreatment differences in WSL. Cases reported eating sugary foods significantly more often than the controls. There was a significant decline in oral hygiene during treatment, with no significant between‐group difference. There also were no statistically significant between‐group differences in the amount of saliva, buffer, ATP bioluminescence and bacterial levels. Both groups showed lower than normal buffer capacity and high bacterial levels. Conclusion Cases had greater sugar intake between meals than controls. ATP bioluminescence, Streptococcus mutans levels with Saliva Check Mutans, and salivary factors do not identify patients who develop WSL. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To determine whether caries risk factors, including cariogenic bacterial levels and salivary function, can be used to identify orthodontic patients who develop white spot lesions (WSL).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>This prospective case-control study comprised 50 patients 11-17 years of age, including 25 controls and 25 cases who developed new WSL during treatment. WSL, oral hygiene and fluorosis were evaluated from intraoral photographs. The biofilm was assessed with bacterial cultures and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence. Salivary analyses were performed to determine the pH of saliva and flow rates. A survey was used to assess snacking frequency, oral hygiene and fluoride utilization.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>There were no between-group pretreatment differences in WSL. Cases reported eating sugary foods significantly more often than the controls. There was a significant decline in oral hygiene during treatment, with no significant between-group difference. There also were no statistically significant between-group differences in the amount of saliva, buffer, ATP bioluminescence and bacterial levels. Both groups showed lower than normal buffer capacity and high bacterial levels.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Cases had greater sugar intake between meals than controls. ATP bioluminescence, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> levels with Saliva Check Mutans, and salivary factors do not identify patients who develop WSL.</p> Danielle K. Leeper, Amal Noureldin, Katie Julien, Phillip M. Campbell, Peter H. Buschang ORIGINAL ARTICLE Risk assessments in orthodontic patients developing white spot lesions 10.1111/jicd.12470 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12470 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12470?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12478?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12478 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of the present systematic literature review was to evaluate bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and marginal bone loss (MBL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) control patients. Methods An electronic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect. The search included prospective human clinical studies that analyzed the success of dental implants in T2DM control patients. For inclusion, studies should have had a minimum of 1‐year follow up and should have assessed the following parameters: MBL, BOP and PD. Prior to meta‐analysis, all of the studies were assessed for quality, bias, and heterogeneity. Results Risk of bias analysis indicated that all studies were of moderate quality. After a full‐text evaluation, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta‐analysis, with a combined total of 443 patients and 530 dental implants. The meta‐analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between parameters of implants placed in the glycemic‐controlled group and healthy group in MBL (P < .001), BOP (P < .04), and PD (P < .001). Conclusion The results of the present study indicated that, despite being glycemic controlled, patients with T2DM were associated with a higher risk of peri‐implant disease. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of the present systematic literature review was to evaluate bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and marginal bone loss (MBL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) control patients.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>An electronic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect. The search included prospective human clinical studies that analyzed the success of dental implants in T2DM control patients. For inclusion, studies should have had a minimum of 1-year follow up and should have assessed the following parameters: MBL, BOP and PD. Prior to meta-analysis, all of the studies were assessed for quality, bias, and heterogeneity.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Risk of bias analysis indicated that all studies were of moderate quality. After a full-text evaluation, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis, with a combined total of 443 patients and 530 dental implants. The meta-analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between parameters of implants placed in the glycemic-controlled group and healthy group in MBL (<i>P</i> &lt; .001), BOP (<i>P</i> &lt; .04), and PD (<i>P</i> &lt; .001).</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The results of the present study indicated that, despite being glycemic controlled, patients with T2DM were associated with a higher risk of peri-implant disease.</p> Victor L. Lagunov, Jing Sun, Roy George ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of biologic implant success parameters in type 2 diabetic glycemic control patients versus healthy patients: A meta‐analysis 10.1111/jicd.12478 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12478 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12478?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12440?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12440 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) (rs10735810) gene polymorphism and chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods A total of 100 subjects were recruited for this study, which included 50 CP and 50 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood collected from the subjects. DNA was amplified using specific primers flanking the FokI region of the VDR gene (rs10735810). The amplicon was further subjected to genotyping using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the FokI enzyme. The genotype obtained based on RFLP pattern was recorded and used for statistical analysis. The distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies in the chronic periodontitis and control groups were compared using the χ2‐test. Results The CP group displayed the highest frequency of CT (20%) and TT (6%) genotypes when compared with the control subjects. Allele frequency was found to be similar in both groups. The C allele was found to be predominant in the study population compared with the T allele. Conclusion The present study denotes that the VDR polymorphism (rs10735810) is not associated with CP in the study group analyzed. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between vitamin D receptor (<i>VDR</i>) (<i>rs10735810</i>) gene polymorphism and chronic periodontitis (CP).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>A total of 100 subjects were recruited for this study, which included 50 CP and 50 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood collected from the subjects. DNA was amplified using specific primers flanking the <i>FokI</i> region of the <i>VDR</i> gene (<i>rs10735810</i>). The amplicon was further subjected to genotyping using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the <i>FokI</i> enzyme. The genotype obtained based on RFLP pattern was recorded and used for statistical analysis. The distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies in the chronic periodontitis and control groups were compared using the χ²-test.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The CP group displayed the highest frequency of CT (20%) and TT (6%) genotypes when compared with the control subjects. Allele frequency was found to be similar in both groups. The C allele was found to be predominant in the study population compared with the T allele.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The present study denotes that the <i>VDR</i> polymorphism (<i>rs10735810</i>) is not associated with CP in the study group analyzed.</p> Karthikeyan Murthykumar, Radhika Arjunkumar, Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan ORIGINAL ARTICLE Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (rs10735810) and chronic periodontitis 10.1111/jicd.12440 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12440 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12440?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12442?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12442 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To quantify the levels of miRNA‐146a in subgingival plaque samples, and correlate with periodontal and cardiac parameters, in chronic periodontitis patients with and without coronary heart disease. Methods The study involved 90 subjects; 30 patients with chronic periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CP + CHD) as part of Group I; group II comprising 30 with chronic periodontitis alone (CP); and group III comprising 30 systemically healthy controls. Demographic variables, periodontal parameters such as plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels, cardiac parameters such as total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, triglyceride levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded from the patients. miRNA‐146a level was analyzed in subgingival plaque samples by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay and correlated with periodontal and cardiac parameters. Results miRNA‐146a showed the highest levels in the CP + CHD group and also showed a positive correlation with body mass index, and periodontal and cardiac parameters. Conclusion miRNA‐146a is involved in the pathogenesis of both periodontitis and coronary heart disease. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To quantify the levels of miRNA-146a in subgingival plaque samples, and correlate with periodontal and cardiac parameters, in chronic periodontitis patients with and without coronary heart disease.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>The study involved 90 subjects; 30 patients with chronic periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CP + CHD) as part of Group I; group II comprising 30 with chronic periodontitis alone (CP); and group III comprising 30 systemically healthy controls. Demographic variables, periodontal parameters such as plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels, cardiac parameters such as total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded from the patients. miRNA-146a level was analyzed in subgingival plaque samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and correlated with periodontal and cardiac parameters.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>miRNA-146a showed the highest levels in the CP + CHD group and also showed a positive correlation with body mass index, and periodontal and cardiac parameters.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>miRNA-146a is involved in the pathogenesis of both periodontitis and coronary heart disease.</p> Krutika Yagnik, Jaideep Mahendra, V. M. Kurian ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Periodontal‐Cardiovascular alliance: Evaluation of miRNA‐146a in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis patients with and without coronary heart disease 10.1111/jicd.12442 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12442 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12442?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12443?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12443 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Ki67, CD105 and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of OSF (OSCC‐SMF). Methods The study was carried out on paraffin‐embedded tissues of 30 normal oral mucosa (NOM), 50 OSF cases and 105 OSCC‐SMF. The immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate the expression of Ki67, CD105 and α‐SMA antigen. Results Ki67 labelling index (LI), CD105 and α‐SMA expression showed increasing trend from NOM, low‐risk epithelial dysplasia (LRED), high‐risk epithelial dysplasia (HRED), well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC), moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. However, there was no significant difference of α‐SMA expression between HRED and WDSCC. In OSCC‐SMF, Ki67 LI, CD105 and α‐SMA were significantly higher in advanced clinical TNM stage, metastasis and less than 3 years patient survival as compared with early clinical TNM stage, non‐metastasis and 3 years or more patient survival. Conclusion Ki67 LI, α‐SMA and CD105 expression alone or together correspond with the disease progression model of SMF. Hence, expression of these markers can be used as a predictive marker of clinical outcome of OSCC‐SMF. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Ki67, CD105 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of OSF (OSCC-SMF).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>The study was carried out on paraffin-embedded tissues of 30 normal oral mucosa (NOM), 50 OSF cases and 105 OSCC-SMF. The immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate the expression of Ki67, CD105 and α-SMA antigen.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Ki67 labelling index (LI), CD105 and α-SMA expression showed increasing trend from NOM, low-risk epithelial dysplasia (LRED), high-risk epithelial dysplasia (HRED), well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC), moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. However, there was no significant difference of α-SMA expression between HRED and WDSCC. In OSCC-SMF, Ki67 LI, CD105 and α-SMA were significantly higher in advanced clinical TNM stage, metastasis and less than 3 years patient survival as compared with early clinical TNM stage, non-metastasis and 3 years or more patient survival.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Ki67 LI, α-SMA and CD105 expression alone or together correspond with the disease progression model of SMF. Hence, expression of these markers can be used as a predictive marker of clinical outcome of OSCC-SMF.</p> Amol R. Gadbail, Minal S. Chaudhary, Sachin C. Sarode, Shailesh M. Gondivkar, Lalita Belekar, Mugdha P. Mankar‐Gadbail, Ravi Dande, Satyajit A. Tekade, Monal B. Yuwanati, Shankargouda Patil ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ki67, CD105 and α‐smooth muscle actin expression in disease progression model of oral submucous fibrosis 10.1111/jicd.12443 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12443 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12443?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12445?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12445 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequently occurring cancer among head and neck SCC worldwide. The identification of novel effective biomarkers for early detection may greatly improve the survival rate and prognosis of patients with OSCC. This study aimed to identify specific oral microbial profiles associated with OSCC. Methods Saliva samples were collected from oral leukoplakia (OLK) and OSCC patients (N = 6 each) and healthy controls (HC; N = 4). Total bacterial genomic DNA was isolated and 16S rRNA gene survey was performed by next‐generation sequencing of the V4 region. The relative distribution of abundance for phylogenetic groups was compared among the OSCC and OLK groups. Results The 448 operational taxonomic units detected from the libraries were classified into 133 genera, 69 families, 41 orders, 26 classes and 12 phyla. The abundance of phyla Bacteroidetes and genus Solobacterium was notably higher in the OSCC group when compared with the OLK group, whereas those of genus Streptococcus was significantly lower in the OSCC group when compared with the OLK. Conclusion These changes in the salivary microbiome may have potential applications as a novel diagnostic tool for the early detection of OSCC. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequently occurring cancer among head and neck SCC worldwide. The identification of novel effective biomarkers for early detection may greatly improve the survival rate and prognosis of patients with OSCC. This study aimed to identify specific oral microbial profiles associated with OSCC.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Saliva samples were collected from oral leukoplakia (OLK) and OSCC patients (N = 6 each) and healthy controls (HC; N = 4). Total bacterial genomic DNA was isolated and 16S rRNA gene survey was performed by next-generation sequencing of the V4 region. The relative distribution of abundance for phylogenetic groups was compared among the OSCC and OLK groups.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The 448 operational taxonomic units detected from the libraries were classified into 133 genera, 69 families, 41 orders, 26 classes and 12 phyla. The abundance of phyla Bacteroidetes and genus <i>Solobacterium</i> was notably higher in the OSCC group when compared with the OLK group, whereas those of genus <i>Streptococcus</i> was significantly lower in the OSCC group when compared with the OLK.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>These changes in the salivary microbiome may have potential applications as a novel diagnostic tool for the early detection of OSCC.</p> Kengo Hashimoto, Dai Shimizu, Sho Hirabayashi, Sei Ueda, Satoru Miyabe, Ichiro Oh‐iwa, Toru Nagao, Kazuo Shimozato, Shuji Nomoto ORIGINAL ARTICLE Changes in oral microbial profiles associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma vs leukoplakia 10.1111/jicd.12445 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12445 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12445?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12446?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12446 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different full‐mouth decontamination (FMD) protocols on the effectiveness of an intrapocket anesthetic gel in periodontal maintenance patients. Methods Patients undergoing the periodontal maintenance program and with the need for FMD participated in this study. Patients were randomly allocated to non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with either a preparatory 15‐day decontamination phase, including chlorhexidine mouth rinse and domiciliary hygiene instructions (modified FMD: test group), or without it (FMD: control group). In both groups, NSPT was performed with the aid of a non‐injectable anesthetic gel. Clinical and patient‐related outcomes were recorded during a 6‐month follow‐up period. Results Sixty patients completed the 6‐month study. Both groups experienced relevant clinical improvements after NSPT, but the test group showed a significant change in periodontal parameters already after the initial 15‐day preparatory period, and overall significantly better results in periodontal outcomes when compared with the control group at the last 6‐month follow up: the gingival index was 2.07 ± 1.25 in the control group and 1.13 ± 0.51 in the test group. Less pain and dental‐related anxiety were perceived by patients in the test group showing a 6‐month mean visual analog scale of 2.13 ± 1.25 in the control group and 1.13 ± 0.83 in the test group. Conclusion The present study suggested that the modification of the standard FMD could improve the clinical efficacy of non‐injectable anesthetic, along with patients’ short‐ and mid‐term appreciation and compliance. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different full-mouth decontamination (FMD) protocols on the effectiveness of an intrapocket anesthetic gel in periodontal maintenance patients.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Patients undergoing the periodontal maintenance program and with the need for FMD participated in this study. Patients were randomly allocated to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with either a preparatory 15-day decontamination phase, including chlorhexidine mouth rinse and domiciliary hygiene instructions (modified FMD: test group), or without it (FMD: control group). In both groups, NSPT was performed with the aid of a non-injectable anesthetic gel. Clinical and patient-related outcomes were recorded during a 6-month follow-up period.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Sixty patients completed the 6-month study. Both groups experienced relevant clinical improvements after NSPT, but the test group showed a significant change in periodontal parameters already after the initial 15-day preparatory period, and overall significantly better results in periodontal outcomes when compared with the control group at the last 6-month follow up: the gingival index was 2.07 ± 1.25 in the control group and 1.13 ± 0.51 in the test group. Less pain and dental-related anxiety were perceived by patients in the test group showing a 6-month mean visual analog scale of 2.13 ± 1.25 in the control group and 1.13 ± 0.83 in the test group.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The present study suggested that the modification of the standard FMD could improve the clinical efficacy of non-injectable anesthetic, along with patients’ short- and mid-term appreciation and compliance.</p> Simone Marconcini, Marilyn Goulding, Giacomo Oldoini, Chiara Attanasio, Enrica Giammarinaro, Annamaria Genovesi ORIGINAL ARTICLE Clinical and patient‐centered outcomes post non‐surgical periodontal therapy with the use of a non‐injectable anesthetic product: A randomized clinical study 10.1111/jicd.12446 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12446 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12446?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12464?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12464 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of curcumin in both topical and systemic forms for management of oral submucous fibrosis in comparison with the antioxidants. Methods In this randomized parallel‐group single‐center trial, 119 patients were enrolled. Group I received antioxidants, group II received curcumin in systemic form and group III received curcumin in both systemic and topical forms. The primary outcomes assessed were interincisal mouth opening and burning sensation using a visual analog scale. The secondary outcomes were tongue protrusion and adverse reactions. The response to treatment was analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's exact test. Results Significant improvement in mouth opening, burning sensation and tongue protrusion was observed in all groups at 12 weeks. Mean improvement in burning sensation did not show statistical difference across the groups. A significant difference between groups II and III for improvement in mouth opening and groups I and III for improvement in tongue protrusion was noted. Conclusion When administrated in both systemic and topical forms together, curcumin showed better results in the management of oral submucous fibrosis as compared with the systemic form alone or antioxidants. Curcumin has the potential to emerge as an effective alternative to conventionally prescribed medications. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of curcumin in both topical and systemic forms for management of oral submucous fibrosis in comparison with the antioxidants.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>In this randomized parallel-group single-center trial, 119 patients were enrolled. Group I received antioxidants, group II received curcumin in systemic form and group III received curcumin in both systemic and topical forms. The primary outcomes assessed were interincisal mouth opening and burning sensation using a visual analog scale. The secondary outcomes were tongue protrusion and adverse reactions. The response to treatment was analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's exact test.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Significant improvement in mouth opening, burning sensation and tongue protrusion was observed in all groups at 12 weeks. Mean improvement in burning sensation did not show statistical difference across the groups. A significant difference between groups II and III for improvement in mouth opening and groups I and III for improvement in tongue protrusion was noted.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>When administrated in both systemic and topical forms together, curcumin showed better results in the management of oral submucous fibrosis as compared with the systemic form alone or antioxidants. Curcumin has the potential to emerge as an effective alternative to conventionally prescribed medications.</p> Arpita Rai, Mandeep Kaur, Virender Gombra, Shamimul Hasan, Narender Kumar ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparative evaluation of curcumin and antioxidants in the management of oral submucous fibrosis 10.1111/jicd.12464 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12464 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12464?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12435?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12435 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To evaluate fracture resistance and gap/void presence of root‐filled mandibular molars restored with 2 bulk‐fill and 1 conventional resin composites, with or without a glass‐ionomer cement (GIC) base. Methods Coronal access and mesio‐occlusal (MO) cavities were prepared, then root canal treatment was performed on 30 mol/L. The teeth were randomly divided, according to the cavity volume, into 6 experimental groups (N = 5) and restored with conventional/light‐cured (Ceram‐X), bulk‐fill/light‐cured (SureFil SDR) or bulk‐fill/dual‐cured (Core‐X Flow) with/without a 2‐mm thick GIC base. Gaps and voids (%) were determined using microcomputed tomography. Intact teeth and unrestored teeth were used as negative and positive controls. Fracture load (N) was determined using a universal testing machine. Results No significant difference in fracture resistance or gap/void formation was found among the 3 resin composites. GIC‐base groups revealed significantly lower fracture strength than intact teeth, while fracture strengths of no GIC‐base groups were not significantly different from intact teeth. GIC‐base groups revealed significantly more gaps and voids in the area of the GIC than the resin composite. Conclusion Conventional and bulk‐fill resin composites provided similar fracture resistance and gaps/voids in root‐filled molars with MO cavities. Placing a GIC base decreased fracture resistance and increased gap/void formation. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To evaluate fracture resistance and gap/void presence of root-filled mandibular molars restored with 2 bulk-fill and 1 conventional resin composites, with or without a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) base.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Coronal access and mesio-occlusal (MO) cavities were prepared, then root canal treatment was performed on 30 mol/L. The teeth were randomly divided, according to the cavity volume, into 6 experimental groups (N = 5) and restored with conventional/light-cured (Ceram-X), bulk-fill/light-cured (SureFil SDR) or bulk-fill/dual-cured (Core-X Flow) with/without a 2-mm thick GIC base. Gaps and voids (%) were determined using microcomputed tomography. Intact teeth and unrestored teeth were used as negative and positive controls. Fracture load (N) was determined using a universal testing machine.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>No significant difference in fracture resistance or gap/void formation was found among the 3 resin composites. GIC-base groups revealed significantly lower fracture strength than intact teeth, while fracture strengths of no GIC-base groups were not significantly different from intact teeth. GIC-base groups revealed significantly more gaps and voids in the area of the GIC than the resin composite.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Conventional and bulk-fill resin composites provided similar fracture resistance and gaps/voids in root-filled molars with MO cavities. Placing a GIC base decreased fracture resistance and increased gap/void formation.</p> Nathamon Thongbai‐on, Kanet Chotvorrarak, Danuchit Banomyong, Michael F. Burrow, Sittichoke Osiri, Nattha Pattaravisitsate ORIGINAL ARTICLE Fracture resistance, gap and void formation in root‐filled mandibular molars restored with bulk‐fill resin composites and glass‐ionomer cement base 10.1111/jicd.12435 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12435 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12435?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12436?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12436 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to delineate the epidemiological profile of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated at a healthcare service in northeastern Brazil. Methods A cross‐sectional study was performed involving the quantitative analysis of 51 medical records from patients diagnosed with SCC between 1998 and 2013. All patients aged ≤50 years were included in the study. Statistical analysis involved Pearson's χ2‐test, Fisher's exact test, and the Mann‐Whitney U‐test, with the level of significance set at 5% (P < .05). Results The mean age was 46 ± 7.94 years, and males accounted for 80.4% of the sample. The tongue was the most affected site (37.3%). Most tumors were classified as stage III (26.3%) or IV (42.1%). Surgery associated with chemotherapy was the most common therapeutic approach (39.3%). Female patients had a lower mean age (P = .013) and less advanced clinical staging (P = .022). Smoking was more associated with male sex (P = .043). Conclusion SCC in young patients is more common in males aged 46 ± 7.94 years, with the tongue being the most affected anatomic site. Important differences were found in clinical‐epidemiological features between young men and women. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to delineate the epidemiological profile of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated at a healthcare service in northeastern Brazil.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>A cross-sectional study was performed involving the quantitative analysis of 51 medical records from patients diagnosed with SCC between 1998 and 2013. All patients aged ≤50 years were included in the study. Statistical analysis involved Pearson's χ²-test, Fisher's exact test, and the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-test, with the level of significance set at 5% (<i>P </i>&lt; .05).</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The mean age was 46 ± 7.94 years, and males accounted for 80.4% of the sample. The tongue was the most affected site (37.3%). Most tumors were classified as stage III (26.3%) or IV (42.1%). Surgery associated with chemotherapy was the most common therapeutic approach (39.3%). Female patients had a lower mean age (<i>P </i>= .013) and less advanced clinical staging (<i>P </i>= .022). Smoking was more associated with male sex (<i>P </i>= .043).</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>SCC in young patients is more common in males aged 46 ± 7.94 years, with the tongue being the most affected anatomic site. Important differences were found in clinical-epidemiological features between young men and women.</p> Karen Rayssa Borba Ribeiro, Cledinaldo Lira Júnior, Sandra Aparecida Marinho, Sérgio Henrique Gonçalves de Carvalho, Gustavo Gomes Agripino, Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento ORIGINAL ARTICLE Epidemiological profile of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma in northeast Brazil 10.1111/jicd.12436 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12436 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12436?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12438?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12438 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The occurrence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) may be influenced by oral candidal carriage (OCC). Although OPC is strongly associated with low CD4+ cell count (400‐700 cells/mm3) and a lack of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the effect of these two parameters on OCC is debatable. We investigated the oral candidal carriage, species diversity, antifungal susceptibility and the association of OCC with CD4+ cell count and HAART. Methods Oral candidal isolates from 120 HIV+ patients (60 receiving and 60 not receiving HAART) and 60 healthy controls were quantified, and their species determined using standard culture and biochemical methods, followed by antifungal susceptibility testing using the agar dilution method. Results The OCC was significantly higher in HIV+ patients; Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species in both groups, followed by Candida tropicalis. Candidal density carriage correlated significantly with CD4+ cell count, but not with HIV and HAART status. Among the isolates from HIV+ patients, 35.4% showed reduced susceptibility to fluconazole. Conclusion HIV status results in significantly elevated rates of OCC C albicans remains the predominant pathogen, although other species are emerging rapidly. Resistance to fluconazole is on the rise, and more efficient treatment strategies need to be implemented. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The occurrence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) may be influenced by oral candidal carriage (OCC). Although OPC is strongly associated with low CD4⁺ cell count (400-700 cells/mm³) and a lack of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the effect of these two parameters on OCC is debatable. We investigated the oral candidal carriage, species diversity, antifungal susceptibility and the association of OCC with CD4⁺ cell count and HAART.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Oral candidal isolates from 120 HIV⁺ patients (60 receiving and 60 not receiving HAART) and 60 healthy controls were quantified, and their species determined using standard culture and biochemical methods, followed by antifungal susceptibility testing using the agar dilution method.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The OCC was significantly higher in HIV⁺ patients; <i>Candida albicans</i> was the most frequently isolated species in both groups, followed by <i>Candida tropicalis</i>. Candidal density carriage correlated significantly with CD4⁺ cell count, but not with HIV and HAART status. Among the isolates from HIV⁺ patients, 35.4% showed reduced susceptibility to fluconazole.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>HIV status results in significantly elevated rates of OCC <i>C albicans</i> remains the predominant pathogen, although other species are emerging rapidly. Resistance to fluconazole is on the rise, and more efficient treatment strategies need to be implemented.</p> Parul Sah, Pratik Patel, Chetana Chandrashekar, Suganthi Martena, Mamatha Ballal, Manjayya Hegde, Vasudeva Guddattu, Craig Murdoch, Mohit Sharma, Raghu Radhakrishnan ORIGINAL ARTICLE Oral candidal carriage correlates with CD4+ cell count but not with HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy status 10.1111/jicd.12438 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12438 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12438?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12439?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12439 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim To investigate the relationship between the microbiota of periodontal pockets (PP) and root canals (RC) in dogs submitted to experimental periodontal disease (ExPD). Methods ExPD was induced by combining cotton and wire ligatures. After 125 days, microbiological samples were collected from PP and RC. Strains isolated from 19 teeth were submitted to DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplification and gene sequencing. Pearson's χ2‐ and Fisher's exact tests and McNemar's test were used when appropriate. Results The number of species in PP was greater than in RC, with prevalence of obligate anaerobes and Gram‐negative bacteria. In the PP predominated Fusobacterium necrophorum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella loescheii, Campylobacter gracilis and Veillonella parvula. In the RC samples, 9 had microbial growth, with predominance of the following genera: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Neisseria. Eight genera were common to both sites in the same tooth. PP presented a greater number of species than the RC. No significant difference was observed in the species found in PP and RC in the same tooth. Conclusion Microbial composition of the RC could be modulated by the presence of periodontal disease, especially in cases of severe periodontal destruction. RC microbiota was less complex and diverse than the PP. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>To investigate the relationship between the microbiota of periodontal pockets (PP) and root canals (RC) in dogs submitted to experimental periodontal disease (ExPD).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>ExPD was induced by combining cotton and wire ligatures. After 125 days, microbiological samples were collected from PP and RC. Strains isolated from 19 teeth were submitted to DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplification and gene sequencing. Pearson's χ²- and Fisher's exact tests and McNemar's test were used when appropriate.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>The number of species in PP was greater than in RC, with prevalence of obligate anaerobes and Gram-negative bacteria. In the PP predominated <i>Fusobacterium necrophorum</i>, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Prevotella loescheii</i>, <i>Campylobacter gracilis</i> and <i>Veillonella parvula</i>. In the RC samples, 9 had microbial growth, with predominance of the following genera: <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Neisseria</i>. Eight genera were common to both sites in the same tooth. PP presented a greater number of species than the RC. No significant difference was observed in the species found in PP and RC in the same tooth.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Microbial composition of the RC could be modulated by the presence of periodontal disease, especially in cases of severe periodontal destruction. RC microbiota was less complex and diverse than the PP.</p> Cícero R. Gadê‐Neto, Ronaldo R. Rodrigues, Lidiane M. Louzada, Rodrigo Arruda‐Vasconcelos, Fabrício B. Teixeira, Renato C. Viana Casarin, Brenda P. F. A. Gomes ORIGINAL ARTICLE Microbiota of periodontal pockets and root canals in induced experimental periodontal disease in dogs 10.1111/jicd.12439 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12439 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12439?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12450?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12450 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Oral carcinogenesis cascade is a complex process, characterized by variable numbers of genetic and epigenetic alterations of various genes with manifold roles that could serve as biological hallmarks. This study was undertaken to assess the protein expression of SOX2 and podoplanin in oral epithelial dysplasia and correlate the expression with clinicopathological parameters and risk of malignant transformation. Methods SOX2 and podoplanin expression were analyzed in 60 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia. The association between SOX2 and podoplanin expression with various clinicopathological parameters and transformation to oral cancer was analyzed. Results A higher Histoscore was seen in 55% of moderate and 30% of severe dysplasia. 25% of the cases showed a negative podoplanin expression and 30% of patients had higher podoplanin expression (score 2 and 3). Though there was significant association of both SOX2 and podoplanin expression with the degree of dysplasia, the association of their expression with transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Alteration in SOX2 and podoplanin is likely an important event in head and neck carcinogenesis; however, their expression may be valuable only in a few cases of oral epithelial dysplasia to assess the risk of malignant transformation. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Oral carcinogenesis cascade is a complex process, characterized by variable numbers of genetic and epigenetic alterations of various genes with manifold roles that could serve as biological hallmarks. This study was undertaken to assess the protein expression of SOX2 and podoplanin in oral epithelial dysplasia and correlate the expression with clinicopathological parameters and risk of malignant transformation.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>SOX2 and podoplanin expression were analyzed in 60 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia. The association between SOX2 and podoplanin expression with various clinicopathological parameters and transformation to oral cancer was analyzed.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>A higher Histoscore was seen in 55% of moderate and 30% of severe dysplasia. 25% of the cases showed a negative podoplanin expression and 30% of patients had higher podoplanin expression (score 2 and 3). Though there was significant association of both SOX2 and podoplanin expression with the degree of dysplasia, the association of their expression with transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma did not reach statistical significance.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Alteration in SOX2 and podoplanin is likely an important event in head and neck carcinogenesis; however, their expression may be valuable only in a few cases of oral epithelial dysplasia to assess the risk of malignant transformation.</p> Vani Verma, Chetana Chandrashekar ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of SOX2 and podoplanin expression in oral epithelial dysplasia and its correlation with malignant transformation 10.1111/jicd.12450 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12450 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12450?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12454?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12454 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The ulcerative phase of oral mucositis following radiotherapy/chemotherapy for oral cancer colonizes bacteria, fungi and viruses. The role of a microbiota, specifically bacterial colonization in oral mucositis, is still unclear, and there is no existing data that correlates the shift in the bacterial colonization with mucositis severity. The aim of this study was to assess the bacterial colonization and study the MCR‐1 (mobilized colistin resistance), VIM2 (β‐lactam resistance), TET(K) (tetracycline resistance) and blaKPC (carbapenem resistance) genes’ expression in isolated facultative anaerobes at 3 time points in oral mucositis patients undergoing radiotherapy and concomitant radiochemotherapy. Methods A total of 24 oral cancer patients were divided into 2 groups: A (N = 12) undergoing radiotherapy; and B (N = 12) undergoing radiochemotherapy. Saliva was collected from all patients at 3 time intervals during the treatment. The isolated bacterial colonies were subjected to gene expression and analysis. Results Staphylococcus aureus (22%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (29%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28%), Escherichia coli (25%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (26%) are the facultative anaerobes isolated from saliva. The bacterial isolates obtained during and at the end of therapy appeared to express a higher level of antibiotic‐resistance genes (VIM2, MCR‐1, TET[K], blaKPC) than those isolated at the onset of therapy. Conclusion Bacterial colonization and gene expression varied during different stages of mucositis. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The ulcerative phase of oral mucositis following radiotherapy/chemotherapy for oral cancer colonizes bacteria, fungi and viruses. The role of a microbiota, specifically bacterial colonization in oral mucositis, is still unclear, and there is no existing data that correlates the shift in the bacterial colonization with mucositis severity. The aim of this study was to assess the bacterial colonization and study the <i>MCR-1</i> (mobilized colistin resistance), <i>VIM2</i> (β-lactam resistance), <i>TET(K) </i>(tetracycline resistance) and <i>bla</i> _<i>KPC</i> (carbapenem resistance) genes’ expression in isolated facultative anaerobes at 3 time points in oral mucositis patients undergoing radiotherapy and concomitant radiochemotherapy.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>A total of 24 oral cancer patients were divided into 2 groups: A (N = 12) undergoing radiotherapy; and B (N = 12) undergoing radiochemotherapy. Saliva was collected from all patients at 3 time intervals during the treatment. The isolated bacterial colonies were subjected to gene expression and analysis.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (22%), <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (29%), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (28%), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (25%) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (26%) are the facultative anaerobes isolated from saliva. The bacterial isolates obtained during and at the end of therapy appeared to express a higher level of antibiotic-resistance genes (<i>VIM2</i>, <i>MCR-1</i>, <i>TET[K]</i>, <i>bla</i> _<i>KPC</i>) than those isolated at the onset of therapy.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Bacterial colonization and gene expression varied during different stages of mucositis.</p> Nandhini Subramaniam, Arvind Muthukrishnan ORIGINAL ARTICLE Oral mucositis and microbial colonization in oral cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy: A prospective analysis in a tertiary care dental hospital 10.1111/jicd.12454 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12454 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12454?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12458?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12458 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) matrices are compared with regard to their ability to retain and release growth factors. Although this ability is thought to influence regenerative outcomes, it remains unclear how it is regulated. To address this question, we compared advanced PRF (A‐PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) matrices in terms of distribution of platelets, transforming growth factor‐β1, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotease‐9 (MMP9). Methods Blood samples were obtained in glass tubes and immediately centrifuged to prepare A‐PRF or CGF matrix according to their specific protocols. Both matrices were compressed, embedded in paraffin and subjected to immunohistochemical examination. Results Leukocytes and plasma proteins were localized on the distal surface including the interface corresponding to buffy coat. In A‐PRF, platelets were distributed homogenously, while growth factors and fibronectin were localized on the proximal surface and MMP9 was mainly colocalized with leukocytes. In CGF, in contrast, platelets were localized on and below the distal surface like leukocytes, growth factors were diffused homogenously and MMP9 was found in the plasma protein layers. Conclusion Although these preparations do not allow accurate quantification, platelet counts and growth factor levels seemed higher and leukocytes were less activated in A‐PRF. This may explain A‐PRF’s higher ability to release growth factors. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) matrices are compared with regard to their ability to retain and release growth factors. Although this ability is thought to influence regenerative outcomes, it remains unclear how it is regulated. To address this question, we compared advanced PRF (A-PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) matrices in terms of distribution of platelets, transforming growth factor-β1, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP9).</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Blood samples were obtained in glass tubes and immediately centrifuged to prepare A-PRF or CGF matrix according to their specific protocols. Both matrices were compressed, embedded in paraffin and subjected to immunohistochemical examination.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Leukocytes and plasma proteins were localized on the distal surface including the interface corresponding to buffy coat. In A-PRF, platelets were distributed homogenously, while growth factors and fibronectin were localized on the proximal surface and MMP9 was mainly colocalized with leukocytes. In CGF, in contrast, platelets were localized on and below the distal surface like leukocytes, growth factors were diffused homogenously and MMP9 was found in the plasma protein layers.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Although these preparations do not allow accurate quantification, platelet counts and growth factor levels seemed higher and leukocytes were less activated in A-PRF. This may explain A-PRF’s higher ability to release growth factors.</p> Akira Takahashi, Tetsuhiro Tsujino, Sadahiro Yamaguchi, Kazushige Isobe, Taisuke Watanabe, Yutaka Kitamura, Kazuhiro Okuda, Koh Nakata, Tomoyuki Kawase ORIGINAL ARTICLE Distribution of platelets, transforming growth factor‐β1, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotease‐9 in advanced platelet‐rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor matrices 10.1111/jicd.12458 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12458 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12458?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12424?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12424 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) A‐197G gene polymorphism with chronic periodontitis (CP) in a case‐control study, a meta‐analysis, and an in silico approach. Methods In the case‐control study, 122 cases with CP and 126 healthy controls were recruited; IL‐17 A‐197G genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. In the meta‐analysis, comprehensive literature retrieval was performed on valid databases to identify relevant studies. Bioinformatics tools were employed to investigate the effects of A‐197G transition on the promoter region of IL‐17. Results Our case‐control study revealed a significant association between IL‐17 A‐197G transition and CP. The overall meta‐analysis revealed significant associations between the IL‐17 A‐197G polymorphism and CP risk in homozygote co‐dominant and recessive models. The stratified analysis also showed a statistically significant association between the mentioned transition and CP risk in the Caucasian population. The in silico analysis revealed that the A‐197G polymorphism could make changes in protein‐binding sites of the IL‐17 promoter region. Conclusions Our study supports that IL‐17 A‐197G transition could be a genetic risk factor for CP. However, further studies with a larger sample size among different ethnicities are required to obtain a more accurate conclusion. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of interleukin-17 (<i>IL-17</i>) A-197G gene polymorphism with chronic periodontitis (CP) in a case-control study, a meta-analysis, and an in silico approach.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>In the case-control study, 122 cases with CP and 126 healthy controls were recruited; <i>IL-17</i> A-197G genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In the meta-analysis, comprehensive literature retrieval was performed on valid databases to identify relevant studies. Bioinformatics tools were employed to investigate the effects of A-197G transition on the promoter region of <i>IL-17</i>.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>Our case-control study revealed a significant association between <i>IL-17</i> A-197G transition and CP. The overall meta-analysis revealed significant associations between the <i>IL-17</i> A-197G polymorphism and CP risk in homozygote co-dominant and recessive models. The stratified analysis also showed a statistically significant association between the mentioned transition and CP risk in the Caucasian population. The in silico analysis revealed that the A-197G polymorphism could make changes in protein-binding sites of the <i>IL-17</i> promoter region.</p> <h2>Conclusions</h2> <p>Our study supports that <i>IL-17</i> A-197G transition could be a genetic risk factor for CP. However, further studies with a larger sample size among different ethnicities are required to obtain a more accurate conclusion.</p> Amir Farmohammadi, Atefeh Tavangar, Mohammad Ehteram, Mohammad Karimian ORIGINAL ARTICLE Association of A‐197G polymorphism in interleukin‐17 gene with chronic periodontitis: Evidence from six case‐control studies with a computational biology approach 10.1111/jicd.12424 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12424 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12424?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12460?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12460 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Aim Randomized controlled trials might be reporting a higher postoperative infection rate for third molar surgery compared to other study designs due to unclear criteria for the classification of “infections”. The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess the infection rate after third molar surgery with and without postoperative antibiotic prescription. Methods Case records of patients who underwent third molar extractions at the Prince Philip Dental Hospital in Hong Kong between 3 July 2012 and 22 June 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Data extraction was performed for indications, clinical and radiographic findings, antibiotic treatment, postoperative complications, and treatment for postoperative infection. The odds ratio (OR) for postoperative infection was estimated. Results In total, 1615 extracted over 5 years from 992 patient records were included in the final analysis. Antibiotics were prescribed postoperatively for 44% of the extractions. The overall infection rate was 2.05%. There was no significant difference in infection rates between the groups which underwent extractions with or without antibiotics (OR = .68; P = .289). We found a significantly higher risk for infections with increasing age (P = .002). Conclusion Infection rates after third molar extraction is minimal in the current setting, with no significant benefit from postoperative antibiotic prescription. <h2>Abstract</h2> <h2>Aim</h2> <p>Randomized controlled trials might be reporting a higher postoperative infection rate for third molar surgery compared to other study designs due to unclear criteria for the classification of “infections”. The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess the infection rate after third molar surgery with and without postoperative antibiotic prescription.</p> <h2>Methods</h2> <p>Case records of patients who underwent third molar extractions at the Prince Philip Dental Hospital in Hong Kong between 3 July 2012 and 22 June 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Data extraction was performed for indications, clinical and radiographic findings, antibiotic treatment, postoperative complications, and treatment for postoperative infection. The odds ratio (OR) for postoperative infection was estimated.</p> <h2>Results</h2> <p>In total, 1615 extracted over 5 years from 992 patient records were included in the final analysis. Antibiotics were prescribed postoperatively for 44% of the extractions. The overall infection rate was 2.05%. There was no significant difference in infection rates between the groups which underwent extractions with or without antibiotics (OR = .68; <i>P </i>=<i> </i>.289). We found a significantly higher risk for infections with increasing age (<i>P </i>=<i> </i>.002).</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Infection rates after third molar extraction is minimal in the current setting, with no significant benefit from postoperative antibiotic prescription.</p> Rohit K. Menon, Li Kar Yan, Divya Gopinath, Michael G. Botelho ORIGINAL ARTICLE Is there a need for postoperative antibiotics after third molar surgery? A 5‐year retrospective study 10.1111/jicd.12460 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12460 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12460?af=R ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12423?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12423 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Manchala S. Reddy, Shishir R. Shetty, Raghavendra M. Shetty, Venkataramana Vannala, Shakeel Sk LETTER TO THE EDITOR Future of periodontics lies in artificial intelligence: Myth or reality? 10.1111/jicd.12423 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12423 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12423?af=R LETTER TO THE EDITOR 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12360?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12360 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. ISSUE INFORMATION Issue Information 10.1111/jicd.12360 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12360 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12360?af=R ISSUE INFORMATION 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12448?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12448 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of gabapentin (GBP) in the treatment of pain of  idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO Industries), Emcare (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), Medline (PubMed), Scopus (Elsevier) and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics). The inclusion criteria comprised randomized controlled trials of GBP as a monotherapy in the treatment of idiopathic TN in adult participants and publications in English. All other study methodologies were excluded. The search yielded 1472 articles, and after exclusion, 11 full‐text articles were eligible for full‐text analysis. Only two studies met the inclusion criteria. There is insufficient evidence either to support or refute the efficacy of GBP in the management of idiopathic TN. Therefore, further well‐designed placebo‐controlled trials are required to confirm the efficacy of GBP in managing TN pain as a single therapy. <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of gabapentin (GBP) in the treatment of pain of  idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO Industries), Emcare (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), Medline (PubMed), Scopus (Elsevier) and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics). The inclusion criteria comprised randomized controlled trials of GBP as a monotherapy in the treatment of idiopathic TN in adult participants and publications in English. All other study methodologies were excluded. The search yielded 1472 articles, and after exclusion, 11 full-text articles were eligible for full-text analysis. Only two studies met the inclusion criteria. There is insufficient evidence either to support or refute the efficacy of GBP in the management of idiopathic TN. Therefore, further well-designed placebo-controlled trials are required to confirm the efficacy of GBP in managing TN pain as a single therapy.</p> Patrick Chieu Poa Ta, Hue Quyen Dinh, Kim Nguyen, Samuel Lin, Yong Li Ong, Anura Ariyawardana REVIEW ARTICLE Efficacy of gabapentin in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials 10.1111/jicd.12448 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12448 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12448?af=R REVIEW ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12455?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12455 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract To seek scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of invisible aligners, in the aesthetic and functional aspects, compared with that of conventional braces. An electronic search was performed with a complementary grey literature search for in vivo research. No language restrictions were applied. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials and GreyLiterature databases were used. Studies were first selected by title and abstract; those potentially eligible were read in full. Non‐randomized studies were assessed for risk of bias using the tools Methodological Index for Non‐randomized Studies (MINORS) and Cochrane Collaboration Common Scheme for Bias as a function of the presence of randomization. The search found 559 studies, of which 55 were potentially eligible. A total of 4 articles were included in this systematic literature review: three non‐randomized controlled studies and one randomized controlled study, three with low risk of bias (RoB) and one with moderate RoB. Three studies showed time of correction of dental crowding shorter or equal to that of the control group and only one study showed less time of correction using conventional braces. Invisible aligners were deficient with respect to anterior/posterior and vertical corrections compared with fixed orthodontic appliances. Invisible aligners are effective in promoting dental alignment, but present clinical limitations in relation to the conventional system. <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>To seek scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of invisible aligners, in the aesthetic and functional aspects, compared with that of conventional braces. An electronic search was performed with a complementary grey literature search for in vivo research. No language restrictions were applied. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials and GreyLiterature databases were used. Studies were first selected by title and abstract; those potentially eligible were read in full. Non-randomized studies were assessed for risk of bias using the tools Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) and Cochrane Collaboration Common Scheme for Bias as a function of the presence of randomization. The search found 559 studies, of which 55 were potentially eligible. A total of 4 articles were included in this systematic literature review: three non-randomized controlled studies and one randomized controlled study, three with low risk of bias (RoB) and one with moderate RoB. Three studies showed time of correction of dental crowding shorter or equal to that of the control group and only one study showed less time of correction using conventional braces. Invisible aligners were deficient with respect to anterior/posterior and vertical corrections compared with fixed orthodontic appliances. Invisible aligners are effective in promoting dental alignment, but present clinical limitations in relation to the conventional system.</p> Matheus Melo Pithon, Felipe Carvalho Souza Baião, Letícia Iandeyara Dantas de Andrade Sant´ Anna, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Lucianne Cople Maia REVIEW ARTICLE Assessment of the effectiveness of invisible aligners compared with conventional appliance in aesthetic and functional orthodontic treatment: A systematic review 10.1111/jicd.12455 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12455 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12455?af=R REVIEW ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12457?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12457 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Lichen planus is a common chronic, inflammatory, immune‐mediated mucocutaneous disorder affecting the skin and mucosa. The role of mast cells in the genesis of lichen planus has been debated. Establishing a definitive part played by mast cells and its degranulation would possibly provide a permanent, cost‐effective treatment modality for oral lichen planus (OLP). This review aims to study the expression of mast cells qualitatively and quantitatively in OLP. The research questions were framed to assess the mast cell count, localization within the epithelium basement membrane zone and degranulation of mast cells. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane and Web of Science. We found a total of 120 studies from which 12 were found suitable for the review. There is a marked increase in the number of mast cells in OLP. The mast cells were seen in increased numbers in the epithelial and connective tissue junction at areas of basement membrane disruption. There was also an increase in the degranulation of mast cells. It is evident that there is an increase in the mast cell number in lichen planus and its subsequent degranulation. <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Lichen planus is a common chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated mucocutaneous disorder affecting the skin and mucosa. The role of mast cells in the genesis of lichen planus has been debated. Establishing a definitive part played by mast cells and its degranulation would possibly provide a permanent, cost-effective treatment modality for oral lichen planus (OLP). This review aims to study the expression of mast cells qualitatively and quantitatively in OLP. The research questions were framed to assess the mast cell count, localization within the epithelium basement membrane zone and degranulation of mast cells. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane and Web of Science. We found a total of 120 studies from which 12 were found suitable for the review. There is a marked increase in the number of mast cells in OLP. The mast cells were seen in increased numbers in the epithelial and connective tissue junction at areas of basement membrane disruption. There was also an increase in the degranulation of mast cells. It is evident that there is an increase in the mast cell number in lichen planus and its subsequent degranulation.</p> Jayanth Kumar Vadivel, Meera Govindarajan, Elangovan Somasundaram, Arvind Muthukrishnan REVIEW ARTICLE Mast cell expression in oral lichen planus: A systematic review 10.1111/jicd.12457 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12457 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12457?af=R REVIEW ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12459?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12459 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract Tooth loss is an important health dilemma. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of dental status and edentulism in the elderly residing in Iran. An electronic search of the literature was carried out on Farsi and English databases using the following keywords: edentulism, dental caries, elderly, oral and dental health, edentulous, geriatric, caries, dentate, Iran, and prevalence. Articles that met the eligibility criteria according to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies In Epidemiology) checklist were selected and entered into the meta‐analysis. Data were analyzed using Stata 13.1 software, and the metan and metareg packages for used for the meta‐regression and meta‐analysis. Of the 172 articles retrieved, 154 were used after eliminating the duplicates, and their full texts were read. Of the 4574 participants evaluated in 13 studies, 2227 (48.7%) were completely edentulous (95% confidence interval [CI]: .49‐.49). Of the 4423 participants evaluated in 12 studies, 2286 (51.7%) were dentate (95% CI: .52‐.52). The mean number of remaining teeth was 5.73 (95% CI: 5.73‐5.73) in six studies conducted on 2782 participants. Approximately 50% of the elderly in Iran are completely edentulous. Efforts should be made to improve dental care instruction, provision of dental care services in the public sector, and dental insurance coverage to promote the dental status of elderly Iranians. <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Tooth loss is an important health dilemma. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of dental status and edentulism in the elderly residing in Iran. An electronic search of the literature was carried out on Farsi and English databases using the following keywords: edentulism, dental caries, elderly, oral and dental health, edentulous, geriatric, caries, dentate, Iran, and prevalence. Articles that met the eligibility criteria according to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies In Epidemiology) checklist were selected and entered into the meta-analysis. Data were analyzed using Stata 13.1 software, and the metan and metareg packages for used for the meta-regression and meta-analysis. Of the 172 articles retrieved, 154 were used after eliminating the duplicates, and their full texts were read. Of the 4574 participants evaluated in 13 studies, 2227 (48.7%) were completely edentulous (95% confidence interval [CI]: .49-.49). Of the 4423 participants evaluated in 12 studies, 2286 (51.7%) were dentate (95% CI: .52-.52). The mean number of remaining teeth was 5.73 (95% CI: 5.73-5.73) in six studies conducted on 2782 participants. Approximately 50% of the elderly in Iran are completely edentulous. Efforts should be made to improve dental care instruction, provision of dental care services in the public sector, and dental insurance coverage to promote the dental status of elderly Iranians.</p> Maryam Rabiei, Hossein Masoudi Rad, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Shooka Ashourizadeh REVIEW ARTICLE Dental status of the Iranian elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis 10.1111/jicd.12459 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12459 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12459?af=R REVIEW ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12449?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12449 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract The aim of the present study was to establish the efficacy of the socket‐shield technique (SST) for the stabilization of the facial gingival and osseous architecture. An electronic search including the Cochrane databases, EBSCOhost, Medline/PubMed and Web of Science was performed. Articles related to SST for placing dental implants were included. Articles and abstracts not written in English were excluded. The initial literature search resulted in 113 articles related to questions raised. Hand searching of the journals related to implants and cross‐referencing related to SST within the selected articles resulted in 1 more paper. Finally, 20 full texts and abstract of 1 article were included in the present systematic review: 11 case reports, 6 case series, 1 human randomized control trial (RCT), 1 technical report and 2 animal RCT. Recent modifications in SST, along with long follow‐up studies with increased sample size, provided promising results. This systematic review still recommends that SST should not be used in routine clinical practise until a higher level of evidence established. Further RCT on SST are required to establish the clinical efficacy of this technique. <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to establish the efficacy of the socket-shield technique (SST) for the stabilization of the facial gingival and osseous architecture. An electronic search including the Cochrane databases, EBSCOhost, Medline/PubMed and Web of Science was performed. Articles related to SST for placing dental implants were included. Articles and abstracts not written in English were excluded. The initial literature search resulted in 113 articles related to questions raised. Hand searching of the journals related to implants and cross-referencing related to SST within the selected articles resulted in 1 more paper. Finally, 20 full texts and abstract of 1 article were included in the present systematic review: 11 case reports, 6 case series, 1 human randomized control trial (RCT), 1 technical report and 2 animal RCT. Recent modifications in SST, along with long follow-up studies with increased sample size, provided promising results. This systematic review still recommends that SST should not be used in routine clinical practise until a higher level of evidence established. Further RCT on SST are required to establish the clinical efficacy of this technique.</p> Akanksha Mourya, Sunil Kumar Mishra, Reetika Gaddale, Ramesh Chowdhary REVIEW ARTICLE Socket‐shield technique for implant placement to stabilize the facial gingival and osseous architecture: A systematic review 10.1111/jicd.12449 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12449 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12449?af=R REVIEW ARTICLE 10 4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12463?af=R Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0800 2019-11-22T12:00:00-08:00 Wiley: Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry: Table of Contents Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 -0700 10.1111/jicd.12463 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 2019. Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the restorative time for filling cavities in posterior teeth using bulk‐fill and conventional resin composites through a systematic review and meta‐analysis. A search for clinical trials and laboratory studies was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, the Brazilian Library in Dentistry, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, and ReBEC (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos) databases without publication year or language restriction. Two reviewers identified eligible studies according to the inclusion criteria: bulk‐fill compared to conventional resin in class I or II, and the restorative time as an outcome. A meta‐analysis of the restorative time mean difference between composites was performed (inverse variance method, random effects model; Z‐test, P ≤ .05). From the 662 eligible studies, 133 were selected for full‐text analysis; three were included in the systematic review and in the meta‐analysis. Overall, the restorative time was lower when bulk‐fill was used (P = .0007, Z = 3.37), as the subgroup full‐body bulk‐fill (P < .00001, Z = 21.00). There was no difference in restorative time between flowable bulk‐fill and conventional resins (P = .08, Z = 1.76). Moderate‐to‐substantial heterogeneity was detected. Full‐body bulk‐fill composites decrease the restorative time in posterior teeth compared to conventional resins. Full‐body bulk‐fill resins require a shorter restorative time to perform restorations in posterior teeth than conventional resins, but the same is not valid for flowable bulk‐fill resin composites. <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>The aim of the present study was to compare the restorative time for filling cavities in posterior teeth using bulk-fill and conventional resin composites through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A search for clinical trials and laboratory studies was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, the Brazilian Library in Dentistry, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, and ReBEC (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos) databases without publication year or language restriction. Two reviewers identified eligible studies according to the inclusion criteria: bulk-fill compared to conventional resin in class I or II, and the restorative time as an outcome. A meta-analysis of the restorative time mean difference between composites was performed (inverse variance method, random effects model; Z-test, <i>P</i> ≤ .05). From the 662 eligible studies, 133 were selected for full-text analysis; three were included in the systematic review and in the meta-analysis. Overall, the restorative time was lower when bulk-fill was used (<i>P</i> = .0007, Z = 3.37), as the subgroup full-body bulk-fill (<i>P</i> &lt; .00001, Z = 21.00). There was no difference in restorative time between flowable bulk-fill and conventional resins (<i>P</i> = .08, Z = 1.76). Moderate-to-substantial heterogeneity was detected. Full-body bulk-fill composites decrease the restorative time in posterior teeth compared to conventional resins. Full-body bulk-fill resins require a shorter restorative time to perform restorations in posterior teeth than conventional resins, but the same is not valid for flowable bulk-fill resin composites.</p> Mariana D. Bellinaso, Fabio Z. M. Soares, Rachel de Olivera Rocha REVIEW ARTICLE Do bulk‐fill resins decrease the restorative time in posterior teeth? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of in vitro studies 10.1111/jicd.12463 Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10.1111/jicd.12463 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jicd.12463?af=R REVIEW ARTICLE 10 4