Journal of Marine Sciences

Eksploration of Bacteria Associated with the Soft Coral Lobophyton sp. as Probiotic Candidate to Control Vibriosis

2008-08-21T15:42:00.001+07:00

Disease is now considered to be the limiting factor in aquaculture. Often it caused great financial loss. Disease can cause mortality, cretinism, longly maintain period, highly feed convertion, lower density and decrease of productivity. Disease can be caused by pathogen organism such as protozoa, bacteria, fungi and virus.

Vibriosis is one of bacterial disease caused by vibrionaceae family, the effect of the attack is massive. So far, disinfectants and antimicrobial drugs are used to treat this disease. The continous use of antibiotic to treat this disease is causing resistancy at pathogen bacteria. They can transfer their resistance genes to other bacteria that have never been exposed to the antibiotic. Probiotic is a necessary developed alternative to treat vibriosis. The result of this tecnology is a safe product to consumer because it does not contain chemical residue that is dangerous to our health.

The aim of the research was to explorate bacteria associated with soft coral Lobophyton sp. as probiotic candidate to control vibriosis that caused by pathogenic bacteria.

This research was done at June-September 2004 in Microbiology Laboratory and Processing Laboratory of Marine Science Department, Teluk Awur, Jepara, whereas the identification of bacteria was held in Pest and Disease of Fish and Shrimp Laboratory BBPBAP Jepara. The sampling of the soft coral Lobophyton sp. was taken in Panjang Island Waters Jepara. This research uses experimental laboratories methode. Data was analyzed by descriptive and Anova.

Based on this research, 15 bacterial isolates has been obtained and seven isolates (A, B, E, F, J, K and O) selected as probiotic candidates. Isolate bacteria with B code was the best candidate because it can inhibit three tester bacteria and it was identified as V. splendidus. Bacteria with J code (V. marinus) can increase survival rate of shrimp, and the other candidates decrease the survival rate, but Anova test showed no certain difference, so they can still be used as probiotic candidates. Bacteria with E and F code identified as V. pelagius II. Mix culture probiotic recomended to control vibriosis are between V. splendidus and K isolate bacteria or between V. splendidus, V. pelagius II, V. marinus and K isolate.

Keywords: bacteria isolate, disease, vibriosis, probiotic, Lobophyton sp.

Author: Muhammad Najib Habibie
Advisors: Subagiyo and Wilis Ari Setyati

Bioaccumulation Level of Heavy Metal Pb (Lead) in Soft Tissue of Mangrove Cockle (Polymesoda erosa).

2008-08-06T00:44:00.002+07:00

Mangrove cockle (P. erosa) is one of the Segara Anakan resourches. This cockle live in ecosystem of mangrove forest with salinity fluctuation and high level acidity. This cockle can be found in Mimika, Papua and Segara Anakan, Cilacap. The used of Mangrove cockle is as an alternative food substance which have high economic value was threatened by heavy metal polluted in their ecosystem that finnally dangerous for human being.

The aim of this research is to know about bioaccumulation level of heavy metal Pb (lead) in soft tissue of Mangrove cockle (Polymesoda erosa) which come from Segara Anakan Kab Cilacap. The research was held from 4th September 2006 until 11st October 2006 in Centre Laboratory, Marine Science Department, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang. Sediment analysis was conducted in Civil Engineering Laboratory, Diponegoro University. The number of heavy metal was analyzed in Semarang Growth Centre Laboratory. Experimental method was applied in this research. Cockle was kept in water which content Pb (Lead) with concentration 1 ppm, 10 ppm, and 20 ppm. The data obtained were cockle biometry, water parameter, Lead concentration in water, and Lead concentration in soft tissue of Mangrove cockle. Then the data were analyzed using factorial pattern with two predictor variable that is time and concentration.
The result showed that early concentration of cockle sample is 0,0061 ppm, water concentration and sediment concentration from sampling location, each <0,0001 ppm and 11,228 ppm. The number of organic matter at station 1, station 2, and at station 3 each 0,0739 gr, 0,0927 gr, and 0,0775 gr. After three weeks, cockle concentration increased. Maximum average of increasing have occurred from cockle in water with 20 ppm Pb (Lead) that is 0,03269 ppm and Minimum average have occurred from cockle in water with 1 ppm Pb (Lead) that is 0,00483 ppm. But, control cockle which be at free Pb (Lead) water, happen degradation concentration equal to 0,000575 ppm.

Keywords: Polymesoda erosa, bioaccumulation, concentration, Pb.

Author: Johan Danu Prasetya
Advisors: Dr.Ir. Ita Widowati, DEA and Ir. Jusup Suprijanto, DEA.

Water Masses Characterization in Makassar Strait during INSTANT (International Nusantara Stratification and Transport) Cruise in July 2005

2008-07-29T03:54:00.001+07:00

Water masses is body of water which is homogenous and is featured by it’s characteristics. The major characteristics to describe water masses are temperature, salinity and density as the main component to identify water masses which flows into an area, including Makassar Strait as the main route of Indonesia Trough Flow (ITF).

The purpose of this research were to show the distribution of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in Makassar Strait in July 2005 and to study water masses characteristics which flowed along Makassar Strait. The coverage area in this research were between 4° 59' 24.0"LS – 3° 29' 24.0" LS and between 118° 6' 0.0" BT – 118° 48' 0.0" BT. The research was carried out during INSTANT (International Nusantara Stratification and Transport) cruise on July 3rd – 14th, 2005. The methods used in this research were measuring physical oceanography parameter such as temperature, salinity and density by using CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) and measuring dissolved oxygen by titration method. Then the data was analyzed by several graphic profiles, vertically, horizontally, and T-S diagram to observe the origin of water masses in that area.

The research result showed that the temperature in northern Makassar Strait warmer than southern. In northern temperature is between 29,14oC - 29,69oC and in southern is between 27,44oC - 29,10oC. In northern the salinity was for about 33,441 psu - 35,314 psu while in southern it was between 33,916 psu - 35,206 psu. Meanwhile the distribution of dissolved oxygen in northern was between 3,25 ml/l – 3,52 ml/l and between 3,20 ml/l – 3,84 ml/l in southern. Water masses within Makassar Strait originally came from Northern Pacific Ocean which consisted of North Pacific Subtropical Water in 100 – 150 meter depth and North Pacific Intermediate Water in depth of 350 – 400 meter.

Keywords: Water mass, temperature, salinity, dissolve oxygen content, Makassar Strait

Author: Muhamad Yusuf Awaludin
Advisors: Heryoso Setiyono and Anastasia Rita

Study on Phytoplankton Community Structure in Segara Anakan Waters, Cilacap, for the Period of September to December 2004

2008-07-29T03:53:00.000+07:00

Plankton is minute organism living drifted away in a water column. Phytoplankton is floral-plankton which able to synthesize their food using sun energy through photosynthesis process. In most time the presences of phytoplanktons influence the productivity of the waters, but in some extreme condition they can be dangerous for their environment too. The aim of this study is to identify community structure of phytoplankton in Segara Anakan lagoon and its related environmental factors, and hopefully the findings will be useful as back up data for the monitoring programmed of the lagoon.

The study was conducted in Segara Anakan lagoon, Cilacap, during the period of September to December 2004. The study material was phytoplankton cached using a planktonet in certain sampling points Segara Anakan lagoon in the lagoon. Some physical and chemical parameters of the water, i.e.: dissolved oxygen, depth and clarity, pH, salinity and temperature, were also recorded during the sampling. There were three sampling locations i.e.: Plawangan which lied between the lagoon and the open sea of Indian Ocean, Klaces in the main lagoon body and Donan at the other end of the lagoon which strongly influenced by nearby industrial area.

There were at least 59 genera of phytoplankton was recorded during the sampling period; Bacillariophyceae 38 genera, Cyanophyceae 8, Dinophyceae 7, Chlorophyceae 5, and Euglenophyceae 1. The most diverse location was Klaces area in October sampling time (42 genera), and the least was also in Klaces for the period of December (16 genera). Nitzchia, Coscinodiscus, Guinardia, and Leptocylindrus were the most common genera and found in all locations and sampling times. With regard to sampling time, the mean abundance of the phytoplankton in September was 3,229.72 cell/liter, October 925.54 cell/liter, November 42.38 cell/liter, and December 126.00 cell/liter. Meanwhile according to sampling location the mean abundance of the phytoplankton in Plawangan was 158.35 cell/liter, Klaces 577.50 cell/liter, and Donan 2,506.87 cell/liter. In general the most abundance of phytoplankton was found in Donan area for September period (8,396.58 cell/liter) and Asterionella was the most abundance genus (25,224 cell/liter in the 8th station). The lowest abundance of phytoplankton was found in Donan area for the period of (26.08 cell/liter).

The value of Diversity Index in general was very low to medium (ranged between 0.12 to 2.39), similarly the value of Evenness Index was low to medium (0.03 to 0.59). However the value of Domination Index (C) was from low to high rank (0.11 up to 0.97). The value Similarity Index across sampling time (41.79 to 77.92) and sampling location (51.06 to 95.89) so therefore falls into medium to high category.

Keywords: phytoplankton, community structure, Segara Anakan Cilacap

Author: Aris Kurniawan
Advisors: Widianingsih and Retno Hartati

Study of Suspended Sediment Distribution Based on Wind Monsoon in Pemalang Coastal Waters, Jawa Tengah Using Aqua–MODIS Data

2008-07-29T03:51:00.000+07:00

Pemalang coastal water is a territorial waters with high navigation activity, especially fisherman activity. Another factor which directly interact with the territorial waters is a place empties into several rivers, among others Comal, Comal Lama, Banger, Sragi Lama, Kangkung, Sragi Baru, Bedahan, Waluh, Elon, and Baros rivers. The existence of those rivers give suspended sediment loading and caused sedimentation process in the territorial waters which mentioned before. Using remote sensing data, the distribution of suspended sediment can be watched. In this case use Aqua–MODIS satellite data.

The aim of this research is to know about the distribution of suspended sediment based on wind monsoon in Pemalang coastal waters using Aqua–MODIS satellite data. The method of this research was descriptive method through Aqua–MODIS satellite image data processing include image data collecting, secondary data collecting, field data collecting, image data digital analysis, field data analysis and examination test.

The image of suspended sediment distribution based on wind monsoon in Pemalang coastal waters was divided into five class, with the contents of suspended sediment at 1st class was > 80 mg/L, the 2nd class range between 61 – 80 mg/L, the 3rd class range between 41 – 60 mg/L, the 4th class range between 21 – 40 mg/L and the 5th class was < 20 mg/L.

At the 2nd change monsoon, the distribution of suspended sediment range between 8 – 116 mg/L with the width of the distribution of suspended sediment from the 1st class to 5th class was 192,80 Km2, 49,69 Km2, 91,53 Km2, 125,50 Km2, and 722,20 Km2. At the west monsoon, the distribution of suspended sediment range between 11 – 113 mg/L with the width of the distribution of suspended sediment from the 1st class to 5th class was 70,68 Km2, 46,21 Km2, 52,78 Km2, 313,70 Km2, and 698,35 Km2. At the 1st change monsoon, the distribution of suspended sediment range between 10 – 104 mg/L with the width of the distribution of suspended sediment from the 1st class to 5th class was 103,14 Km2, 70,23 Km2, 67,32 Km2, 161,20 Km2, and 779,83 Km2. At the east monsoon, the distribution of suspended sediment range between 11 – 115 mg/L with the width of the distribution of suspended sediment from the 1st class to 5th class was 179,50 Km2, 81,87 Km2, 150,40 Km2, 275,70 Km2, and 494,25 Km2.

Keywords: Suspended Sediment, Wind Monsoon, Remote Sensing, Aqua–MODIS Data

Author: Eddy
Advisors: Petrus Subardjo and Nani Hendiarti

Spatial Analysis of Anxious Tidal Flood Area at Semarang City

2008-07-29T03:50:00.000+07:00

In last 25 year, when tide, Semarang coast area have higher flood frequency because of sea water level advance. Flood or called tidal flood to overflow some area that lower then sea level when its have maximum tide (HHWL). Tidal flood is common for Semarang society, its as common as when saw the river flow to the beginning of river and not to down stream. Many opinions about that tidal flood cause. One of them because sea level rise, as a consequence from global warming. But there was another factor. Land subsidence has a contribution in tidal flood too.

The research was done on Augustus 2005 until Febuari 2006 at Semarang Coastal area. There was ground check to collect extend of inundate area by tidal flood. This research aim are to predict some area that overflow by sea level rise until 2015 and prediction to anxious tidal flood area until 2015 caused by sea level rise and land subsidence also spatial analysis for some anxious inundate settlement.

This research used case study method. Case study is a deeper research to some case that carries on a time and condition and we can not generalize the result to the difference places. We used descriptive methods to analyze the result. This method is only describing some condition without take a general inference. This research used Digital Elevation Model (DEM) approximation. Furthermore gave a formula to this model with a scenario to the anxious tidal flood until 2015 caused by sea level rise and land subsidence.

In 2015 according to scenario I (sea level rise) with the highest tide 277.84 cm, tidal flood inundate width will be as large as 6662.634 ha. And it will be as width as 8527.78 ha in 2015 caused by scenario II (sea level rise and land subsidence) with the highest tide 277.84 cm and land subsidence rapid as big as 14.7 cm/years. Based on scenario I, inundate settlement will be as width as 2360.629 ha and it can be 3292.152 ha inundate settlement based on scenario II.

Keywords: Spatial Analysis, Anxious Tidal Flood, Semarang

Author: Dwi Ari Wibowo
Advisors: Baskoro Rochaddi and Sugeng Widada

Growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty Seaweeds with Different Cultivation Methods at Geger Coast, Nusa Dua – Bali

2008-07-22T12:16:00.000+07:00

The most of seaweeds farmers in Geger Coast use off-bottom method. But there are some farmers try to use the new method, the cage method. Nobody knows the cage method can give the higher result of production than off-bottom method or not. To know that is usefull to do the research for compare the both of methods, thus finally based on the both methods can be knew what is the better method to get more result.

The research was conducted to know daily growth rate of K. alvarezii that planted by cage and off-bottom methods. The research was conducted during six weeks, between January and March at Geger Coast, Nusa Dua, Bali. Geger is choosen because the coast has many potential area for cultivation of seaweeds and until now has been used to cultivation of seaweeds, especially for K. alvarezii. The seaweed used in this research is K. alvarezii. The method that used in this research is experimental method. Data was obtained by measurement of growth from K. alvarezii.

Generally the result showed that cultivation method was given significantly different (sig. < 0,05) to daily growth rate of K. alvarezii. The highest daily grow rate of K. alvarezii was given by off-bottom method at second week at 6,32 ± 0,71%. Whereas the lowest daily grow rate of K. alvarezii was given by cage method at sixth week at 0,84 ± 0,81 %.

Keywords: Kappaphycus alvarezii, daily growth rate, cage method, off-bottom method, Geger Coast

Author: Teguh Tri Susilo
Advisors: A.B. Susanto and Rini Pramesti