Kerblotto

An expert's guide to failure and defeat.

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 12 Jan 2015 15:47:00 +0000

Education exacts a cost. Failure is tuition.

The stakes of enterprise is falling down.

Low, into speechless sorrow and rankling remorse.

In every saddening soul. In my own write.

But if you’re breathing, things can always get worse,

And if you wallow, things certainly will.

Way down on the canvas or mud or gutter. Listen.

Through every silence, every breath, every sigh,

Though all ambition, meek or soaring, cracked,

And deep-sunk in a growing darkness.

Where even allies gape down in pity

Offering gut squeezing limericks of regret.

The murmuring crowd idly passes sentence,

You can’t. I told you so. You’re finished.

Listen. Over the clattering bells of finance,

And the roaring engine of continuous commerce,

A persistent voice.

Quiet, but perfectly clear.

Get back up.

50 Cleverer Ways to Say "Happy Birthday"

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 15 Dec 2014 07:13:00 +0000

In our continuous effort to improve your life, Kerblotto generously gives you 50 ways to say "happy birthday" online while displaying a modicum of, albeit borrowed, originality. Please use these freely, or as an inspiration to write something original of your own, to displace the mindless, repetitive flood of banality that fills our social walls one day a year.

Happy birthday to you and 1 in 365 people worldwide.
I wish you a happier birthday than anyone else has wished you.
Happy increased-likelihood-of-getting-oral day.
Enjoy the dash between the two dates on your tombstone.
If you count the day you were born as your first birthday, you are actually a year older than you think you are.
Didn’t we just celebrate this like a year ago?
Happity birdie.
Another year, another 584 million mile trip around the sun. May your next lap be your best yet.
Happy oldieth birthday.
I noticed in the right column of my Facebook timeline that today is your birthday. I am now writing a message of acknowledgement and well wishes, as is the socially appropriate custom.
hpy bdy
Time for your birthday tickles!
Happy oldest-you-have-ever-been and youngest-you-will-ever-be-again day.
Half a yappy bidet!
Another year without dying. Good on you!
He drank alone. It was your birthday, but that didn’t matter. He sat at the typewriter and wrote. None of it was good. —If Hemingway wrote “Happy Birthday”.
Happy year-older-you day.
Defriend all of those who did not recognize the anniversary of your existence.
May the best of your birthdays be today, and today be the least of the best yet to come.
Happy anniversary of the day you were abruptly ripped from the warm comfort of your mother’s womb into this cold, unforgiving world.
Happy better than the alternative.
Wee! Another spin around the sun!
Yours is one of increasingly fewer birthdays I approve of.
age=age+1
Happy anniversary of the nine-month anniversary of your mom getting laid. Oh, and tell your mom happy one-day anniversary of that again tomorrow night.
Appyhay irthdaybay abybay!
Like sands through the hourglass, so are the days of our lives.
Have a smashing birthday.
Da-na-na-na-na-na! You say it's your birthday! It's my birthday too yeah!
Have a happy birthday. I’ll be watching.
¡ʎɐpɥʇɹıq ʎddɐɥ
Have an ecstatically happy birthday.
If you don’t have a happy birthday, remember, everything changes.
Wishing you exuberant happiness not only today, but all the days of your life.
Wishing you happiness despite hardship, success despite struggle, and a birthday that becomes memories of dancing gold.
Happy anni-birth-ery!
Have a birthday.
Ebola. Hurricanes. Earthquakes. Tornadoes. Overdose. Car accidents. Murderers. Meteorites. Autoerotic asphyxiation. Quicksand. Congratulations. You’ve beat 'em all for another year.
Of all the people I know, you are one who’s birthday is today.
It’s your birthday, yet you are a gift to the world.
Have a happy birthday. That’s an order, maggot.
Let little birthday happies surround you like a fine mist of moonlit wonder.
If someone sings you “Happy Birthday” in public today, bust them for violating United States Code, Title 17 §106, copyright infringement. Inform ASCAP and make sure Time Warner is properly reimbursed for their unlicensed performance.
Happy birthday champ.
Another birthday?
cout<<"Happy Birthday [You]"<
HBD
Your birthday cake has an impossible job. Because no one holds a candle to you.
Go easy on these birthdays. Too many will eventually kill you.
I’m going to overlook the existential futility of life for a moment and wish you a happy birthday.

Haiku

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 18 Mar 2013 21:05:00 +0000

no damn hawks at all

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:16:00 +0000

Nobody comes here anymore, not since they stopped serving pie. Not lone men in suits, not sharp young couples. All the men wore hats, even the chef. Everyone. They used to come late. Now they don’t come at all.

Pittsburgh. So much more than just zombies.

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 04 Jul 2010 22:32:00 +0000

To my friends in the diaspora, Happy Independence Day from beautiful Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

panacea

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 21 Jun 2010 18:30:00 +0000

The Second Coming

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 28 Dec 2009 15:35:00 +0000

TURNING and turning in the widening gyre
The falcon cannot hear the falconer;
Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;
Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,
The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere
The ceremony of innocence is drowned;
The best lack all conviction, while the worst
Are full of passionate intensity.

Surely some revelation is at hand;
Surely the Second Coming is at hand.
The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out
When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi
Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert
A shape with lion body and the head of a man,
A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,
Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it
Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.
The darkness drops again; but now I know
That twenty centuries of stony sleep
Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,
And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,
Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?

William Butler Yeats 1919.

I don’t know why this poem is on my mind today. It’s a powerful poem, reverberating in my mind. Things fall apart; the center cannot hold. This nightmarish apocalypse built out of rough iambic pentameter haunts me. Control is hopelessly lost. God, sleeping for two-thousand years, must now be at hand. Spiritus Mundi, the mind of the world, this Sphinx, rises to life. What fresh hell is this?

Pittsburgh: Day of Service

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 03 Sep 2009 13:22:00 +0000

When the G20 meets on September 25th in downtown Pittsburgh, heightened security, misguided protesters, street closings, media circuses, will likely all add up to a migraine clusterfudge.

But there's a great alternative, spending time beautifying our beautiful parks:

Represent Pittsburgh, and volunteer. All the cool kids are doing it.

Visit http://www.pittsburghdayofservice.com/

Black-eyed Susans

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 23 Jun 2009 02:43:00 +0000

More Free Stencils

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 21 Dec 2008 02:23:00 +0000

Have these stencil designs, I created these plates, I made stencils and sprayed most of them.

Learn to be Quiet

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 16 Dec 2008 13:23:00 +0000

Franz Kafka

You need not do anything.
Remain sitting at your table and listen.
You need not even listen, just wait.
You need not even wait,
just learn to be quiet, still and solitary.
And the world will freely offer itself to you unmasked.
It has no choice, it will roll in ecstasy at your feet.

Now 25% Creepier!

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:00:00 +0000

I would love to meet the artist who painted the original versions of these vintage advertisements. Or at least conduct a search of the crawlspace beneath their house. But if these weren't creepy enough to sell retail in the 1950's, maybe an infusion of creepiness can boost consumer appetites today.

Bread stays fresher with Cellophane!

This child is showing an unhealthy enthusiasm for canned pasta.

MMM... Hamface.

These were inspired by vintage advertising art. And the crazy ass montage art of Winston Smith.

New Pepsi Logo To Make Your Life Worthwhile

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 10 Nov 2008 22:29:00 +0000

Pepsi launched their new logo today by sending out cases of their new can to 25 of the most influential bloggers around. They overlooked Kerblotto and the thought leadership I selflessly provide to the blogosphere, the internet and the world in general.

I'll overlook this egregious oversight on the part of Pepsi marketing team and offer my candid opinion on the new logo.
Pepsi's new logo looks like the view from inside of a toilet bowl.

Pepsi paid one million dollars ($1,000,000) for this design. Coca-Cola, hasn't changed their logo since time immemorial and Coca-Cola has been rated the most valuable brand for 8 years in a row.

Autumn Song

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Nov 2008 03:43:00 +0000

Know'st thou not at the fall of the leaf
How the heart feels a languid grief
Laid on it for a covering,
And how sleep seems a goodly thing
In Autumn at the fall of the leaf?

And how the swift beat of the brain
Falters because it is in vain,
In Autumn at the fall of the leaf
Knowest thou not? and how the chief
Of joys seems--not to suffer pain?

Know'st thou not at the fall of the leaf
How the soul feels like a dried sheaf
Bound up at length for harvesting,
And how death seems a comely thing
In Autumn at the fall of the leaf?

Dante Alighieri

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 04 Nov 2008 12:43:00 +0000

Today's idea

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 01 Nov 2008 12:09:00 +0000

So I had an idea published on idea-a-day.com, it's the idea for November 1, 2008. And it's the best idea anyone has had since tivo.

More Logo Redesigns

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 30 Oct 2008 19:35:00 +0000

The Yellow Pages! 5 pounds of garbage.

The Colonel kills his own chickens.

Ba-dah-ba-ba-BA!

An update for Harvard.

And Yale.

And Fox News' logo needed an adjustment.

And Nike.

If you'd like to position your brand more honestly, contact me today.

Logo Redesign Done Dirt Cheap II

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 18 Oct 2008 18:02:00 +0000

Kerblotto proudly presents a few more speculative logo redesigns...

Reposition your brand more honestly. Don't wait, call for a quote today!

Your Debut Album

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 18 Oct 2008 15:36:00 +0000

Here is a strategy that's been going around to discover the name of your band, and the name of your debut album:

1 - Go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random
The first random Wikipedia article you get is the name of your band.

2 - Go to Random quotations: http://www.quotationspage.com/random.php3
The last four words of the very last quote of the page is the title of your first album.

If you want to do this again, you'll hit refresh to generate new quotes, because clicking the quotes link again will just give you the same quotes over and over again.

3 - Go to flickr's "explore the last seven days" http://www.flickr.com/explore/interesting/7days/

And the third picture will be your album cover.

Put your band's name, the album name, and album cover together, that's your debut album.

My debut album?

2186 Keldysh proudly presents

Day After the Revolution

What about you?

So you need an idea for a Halloween Costume

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 11 Oct 2008 05:31:00 +0000

I’d be…

pothead. place a pot over one's head.
mummy. toilet-paper style.
robot. tinfoil style.
frat boy. white hat, misogynistic themed shirt over popped polo.
baby. oversized lollipop, adult diaper, skip the line at the bathroom.
a bumblebee.
heroin addict. syringe, surgical rubber, eyeblack.
There Will be Blood Oilman. Cowboy hat Costume covered in oil, shout ”BASTARD IN A BASKET”, “I DRINK IT UP”, “I AM AN OILMAN.”
life of the party. lampshade, loose tie.
statue. toga + baby powder.
flower head. Green clothes, petals around neck.
particle man. particle man.
bob ross. afro + painters palette. (big ups Eric B)
bukkake star. pearl necklaces.
one girl. one cup.
any character from a bob dylan song
subprime mortgage. paper and balloons.
pig pen. from peanuts.
crazy cat lady. loads of stuffed animal cats.
whipped cream dispenser. white suit, whipped cream cans.
sex offender. thick glasses, moustache, candy.
salad. grean leaf, tomatoes, onions, croutons.
hipster.
panty man. dressed completely in panties.
fat guy. clothes stuffed with clothing making you look really fat.
pregnant lady. with birth action removable bloody newborn baby.
shamed passed out person. drunken sharpee tattoos.
professor. leather elbow patched blazer, pipe.
date rapist. phony mickey pills, smile.
@*#% in a box gifter.
underwear made from cds. what are you? cd's. huh? see deez nuts.
magnetic man. metal objects glued to one's self.
predatory lender. wolf or shark in business suit.
sandwich board guy.
barrel wearing poor person.
leaf man.
voting booth. big box, mccain and obama lever.
kamikaze pilot. rising sun headband, jumpsuit.
zombie jfk. suit, head wound.
jackie o. pink lady suit, pillbox hat, handful of brains.
tetris piece.
pi mei.
little mac.
great tiger.
sanjaya.
apu.
electro-lady.
plastic lady. fake boobs, fake lips.
marionette. strings attached.
edward 40 hands. a 40s taped to each hand.
ninja.
wireman.
Randle P McMurphy.
arcade machine. cardboard, with cheeky joystick.
cornholio.
conspiracy theorist. tin foil hat, 9/11 truth pamphlets.
leper.
janet jackson. wardrobe malfunction.
poolboy. butterfly net.
man afflicted with giant tick
broken record. lp pieces of vinyl attached all over. and over.
Kat Von Dee - draw her tattoos on yerself
POW McCain
mr mighty cinammon.
shower (see Karate Kid)
cobrai kai skeleton trooper. sweep the leg.
spa treatment. mud mask, terry cloth robe, cucumber slices.
little superstar.
sheet ghost
chairman mao.

You're the Result of Yourself

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 30 Sep 2008 12:14:00 +0000

Pablo Neruda

Don't blame anyone, never complain of anyone or anything

Because basically you have made of your life what you wanted.

Accept the difficulties of edifying yourself

And the worth of starting to correct your character.

The triumph of the true man arises from the ashes of his mistakes.

Never complain of your loneliness or your luck.

Face it with courage and accept it.

Somehow, they are the result of your acts and

It shows that you'll always win.

Don't feel frustrated of your own failures, neither unload them to someone else.

Accept yourself now or you'll go on justifying yourself like a child.

Remember that any time is good to start

And that no time is so good to give up.

Don't forget that the cause of your present is your past,

As the cause of your future will be your present.

Learn from the brave, from the strong,

From who doesn't accept situations

From who will live in spite of everything.

Think less of your problems and more of your work.

Learn to arise from your pain,

And to be greater than the greatest of your obstacles.

Look at the mirror of yourself and you'll be free and strong

And you'll stop being a puppet of circumstances.

For you yourself are your destiny.

Wake up and stare at the sun in the mornings and breathe the sun of dawn.

You're part of the strength of your life now,

Rise up, fight, walk, be sure and you'll win in life.

Don't ever think of 'fate'

For fate is the excuse of failures.

This poem is reprinted without permission or apology. It inspired me this morning and I hope it inspires someone else.

What's in a logo? A few bad choices.

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 12 Aug 2008 02:37:00 +0000

CERN - the European Center for Nucular Research offers this logo:

Given the fact that 9 out of 10 scientists agree CERN's Large Hardon Collider will create anti-matter particles and suck the universe into itself, their logo's resemblance to a certain infamous number from prophesy is troubling.

Volkswagon's new logo for their summer sales event looks like a little Hitler head. Maybe it's just me but I made the association when I saw the logo on an outdoor billboard.

It's ironic no one axed the logo considering Volkswagen's advertising history. When DDB came out with their breakthrough "Think Small" campaign, one of the main considerations the campaign needed to overcome was the inherent difficulty in selling the VW: " we had to sell a Nazi car in A Jewish town."

Somebody got paid for these logos.

Now, that's my kind of dancing:

Have a seat at Wrappido:

Come to Kudawara Pharmacy for treatment:

A-Style? More like D-Style.
This one looks fine:

On second inspection, let's rethink it:
The London Olympics. Come see the train wreck!

Space bar, on the keyboard for a reason:

Brazil’s Instituto de Estudos Orientais logo promises to deliver:

Does somebody look at this garbage before they hit print?

Poor.

We'll make the 'U' look like half of a mouse , and it'll look really sophisticated.

Poor.

Free Stencils

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 22 Jun 2008 13:03:00 +0000

Please have some stencils. Print them, cut them out and use them.

Steve Irwin & Friend:

London Calling:

Abraham Lincoln:

James Joyce:

Gumshoe:

Johnny Cash:

Bob Dylan:

Little Mac:

Evolution

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 17 Apr 2008 02:29:00 +0000

ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES.
by Charles Darwin




INTRODUCTION.

When on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much struck with
certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America,
and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants
of that continent. These facts seemed to me to throw some light on the
origin of species--that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by
one of our greatest philosophers. On my return home, it occurred to
me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question
by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which
could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I
allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short
notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a sketch of the conclusions,
which then seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day
I have steadily pursued the same object. I hope that I may be excused
for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I
have not been hasty in coming to a decision.

My work is now nearly finished; but as it will take me two or three
more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, I have
been urged to publish this Abstract. I have more especially been
induced to do this, as Mr. Wallace, who is now studying the natural
history of the Malay archipelago, has arrived at almost exactly the
same general conclusions that I have on the origin of species. Last
year he sent to me a memoir on this subject, with a request that I
would forward it to Sir Charles Lyell, who sent it to the Linnean
Society, and it is published in the third volume of the Journal of
that Society. Sir C. Lyell and Dr. Hooker, who both knew of my
work--the latter having read my sketch of 1844--honoured me by
thinking it advisable to publish, with Mr. Wallace's excellent memoir,
some brief extracts from my manuscripts.

This Abstract, which I now publish, must necessarily be imperfect. I
cannot here give references and authorities for my several statements;
and I must trust to the reader reposing some confidence in my
accuracy. No doubt errors will have crept in, though I hope I have
always been cautious in trusting to good authorities alone. I can here
give only the general conclusions at which I have arrived, with a few
facts in illustration, but which, I hope, in most cases will suffice.
No one can feel more sensible than I do of the necessity of hereafter
publishing in detail all the facts, with references, on which my
conclusions have been grounded; and I hope in a future work to do
this. For I am well aware that scarcely a single point is discussed in
this volume on which facts cannot be adduced, often apparently leading
to conclusions directly opposite to those at which I have arrived. A
fair result can be obtained only by fully stating and balancing the
facts and arguments on both sides of each question; and this cannot
possibly be here done.

I much regret that want of space prevents my having the satisfaction
of acknowledging the generous assistance which I have received from
very many naturalists, some of them personally unknown to me. I
cannot, however, let this opportunity pass without expressing my deep
obligations to Dr. Hooker, who for the last fifteen years has aided me
in every possible way by his large stores of knowledge and his
excellent judgment.

In considering the Origin of Species, it is quite conceivable that a
naturalist, reflecting on the mutual affinities of organic beings, on
their embryological relations, their geographical distribution,
geological succession, and other such facts, might come to the
conclusion that each species had not been independently created, but
had descended, like varieties, from other species. Nevertheless, such
a conclusion, even if well founded, would be unsatisfactory, until it
could be shown how the innumerable species inhabiting this world have
been modified, so as to acquire that perfection of structure and
coadaptation which most justly excites our admiration. Naturalists
continually refer to external conditions, such as climate, food, etc.,
as the only possible cause of variation. In one very limited sense, as
we shall hereafter see, this may be true; but it is preposterous to
attribute to mere external conditions, the structure, for instance, of
the woodpecker, with its feet, tail, beak, and tongue, so admirably
adapted to catch insects under the bark of trees. In the case of the
misseltoe, which draws its nourishment from certain trees, which has
seeds that must be transported by certain birds, and which has flowers
with separate sexes absolutely requiring the agency of certain insects
to bring pollen from one flower to the other, it is equally
preposterous to account for the structure of this parasite, with its
relations to several distinct organic beings, by the effects of
external conditions, or of habit, or of the volition of the plant
itself.

The author of the 'Vestiges of Creation' would, I presume, say that,
after a certain unknown number of generations, some bird had given
birth to a woodpecker, and some plant to the misseltoe, and that these
had been produced perfect as we now see them; but this assumption
seems to me to be no explanation, for it leaves the case of the
coadaptations of organic beings to each other and to their physical
conditions of life, untouched and unexplained.

It is, therefore, of the highest importance to gain a clear insight
into the means of modification and coadaptation. At the commencement
of my observations it seemed to me probable that a careful study of
domesticated animals and of cultivated plants would offer the best
chance of making out this obscure problem. Nor have I been
disappointed; in this and in all other perplexing cases I have
invariably found that our knowledge, imperfect though it be, of
variation under domestication, afforded the best and safest clue. I
may venture to express my conviction of the high value of such
studies, although they have been very commonly neglected by
naturalists.

From these considerations, I shall devote the first chapter of this
Abstract to Variation under Domestication. We shall thus see that a
large amount of hereditary modification is at least possible, and,
what is equally or more important, we shall see how great is the power
of man in accumulating by his Selection successive slight variations.
I will then pass on to the variability of species in a state of
nature; but I shall, unfortunately, be compelled to treat this subject
far too briefly, as it can be treated properly only by giving long
catalogues of facts. We shall, however, be enabled to discuss what
circumstances are most favourable to variation. In the next chapter
the Struggle for Existence amongst all organic beings throughout the
world, which inevitably follows from their high geometrical powers of
increase, will be treated of. This is the doctrine of Malthus, applied
to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms. As many more individuals
of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as,
consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence,
it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner
profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying
conditions of life, will have a better chance of surviving, and thus
be NATURALLY SELECTED. From the strong principle of inheritance, any
selected variety will tend to propagate its new and modified form.

This fundamental subject of Natural Selection will be treated at some
length in the fourth chapter; and we shall then see how Natural
Selection almost inevitably causes much Extinction of the less
improved forms of life and induces what I have called Divergence of
Character. In the next chapter I shall discuss the complex and little
known laws of variation and of correlation of growth. In the four
succeeding chapters, the most apparent and gravest difficulties on the
theory will be given: namely, first, the difficulties of transitions,
or in understanding how a simple being or a simple organ can be
changed and perfected into a highly developed being or elaborately
constructed organ; secondly the subject of Instinct, or the mental
powers of animals, thirdly, Hybridism, or the infertility of species
and the fertility of varieties when intercrossed; and fourthly, the
imperfection of the Geological Record. In the next chapter I shall
consider the geological succession of organic beings throughout time;
in the eleventh and twelfth, their geographical distribution
throughout space; in the thirteenth, their classification or mutual
affinities, both when mature and in an embryonic condition. In the
last chapter I shall give a brief recapitulation of the whole work,
and a few concluding remarks.

No one ought to feel surprise at much remaining as yet unexplained in
regard to the origin of species and varieties, if he makes due
allowance for our profound ignorance in regard to the mutual relations
of all the beings which live around us. Who can explain why one
species ranges widely and is very numerous, and why another allied
species has a narrow range and is rare? Yet these relations are of the
highest importance, for they determine the present welfare, and, as I
believe, the future success and modification of every inhabitant of
this world. Still less do we know of the mutual relations of the
innumerable inhabitants of the world during the many past geological
epochs in its history. Although much remains obscure, and will long
remain obscure, I can entertain no doubt, after the most deliberate
study and dispassionate judgment of which I am capable, that the view
which most naturalists entertain, and which I formerly
entertained--namely, that each species has been independently
created--is erroneous. I am fully convinced that species are not
immutable; but that those belonging to what are called the same genera
are lineal descendants of some other and generally extinct species, in
the same manner as the acknowledged varieties of any one species are
the descendants of that species. Furthermore, I am convinced that
Natural Selection has been the main but not exclusive means of
modification.