PART-1

Everyone knows Japan is very much developed and also a ruling nation in the business of production. There are many world class car makers and other manufacturing industries in Japan. I have been given a chance to learn the Japanese ideology of production and their production techniques. Therefore, I came to Japan for a year to learn the production technology their concept of continuous improvement.

Improvement is simple but continuous improvement is a big challenge. Everyone can make improvement at some point of time but maintaining the continuous improvement is a very difficult job. But Japanese people are emphasizing towards the continuous improvement and not the simple improvements.

When an individual is asked to make some improvement in the system, he will always first check the most complex point thinking that it won’t be an easy task but most of the improvements come from very simple points. So, one should always welcome the craziest and the simple ideas (respect other ideas) because most of the big achievements come from those simple or crazy or out of the blue kind of ideas.

Japanese Production Metholody

Few years ago, the economy of Japan was following a climb up path and that was the time when Japanese people implemented their real production techniques and methods. Now there is a slight decline in the economy of the Japan and now they are again trying to implement the old production techniques and methods. In the next few paragraphs, I am sharing very few ideas of Japanese great companies like Toyota, Suzuki and other production companies about Work and Improvement in the field of production.

What is work according to Japanese Production Ideology?

Work consists of three different parts:

1. Wasteful Work (Muda)
2. Auxiliary Work (Work that has no added value in the current work condition but must be carried out) and
3. Net Work (Work that upgrades the added values of a thing)

Muda (Wasteful work) pushes up the cost of an enterprise and contributing nothing good. And the valuable work must have the following characteristics:

1. Problem consciousness is high
2. Wastes can be detected
3. Thinking for problem solving
4. Preparation of a Kaizen suggestion
5. Implementation of Kaizen
6. Sense of Achievement of Kaizen

N.B. - Kaizen (Continuous improvement - the innovative effort to create new things)

In the next publication, I will talk about Kaizen which is the heart of the Japanese production Technology and which is the main reason for which Japanese companies are successful in most of the production works.

The list of selected candidates for the BSNL JTO exam 2009 has been announced. BSNL India Ltd. recruits JTO (Junior Telecom Officer) every year and this time also they conducted exam on June 21st 2009. The date of declaration of JTO exam result can be predicted depending on the date of the BSNL JTO exam held.

This year, 2009, BSNL exam was held at June and therefore the result will be declared at the starting of October. In 2005, JTO exam was held on January and the result was declared on June. The exam conducted on June 2008 was declared on October 2008. Once the result is declared, I will update the BSNL JTO exam result 2009 in this page with the list of selected candidates. The result will be announced at the beginning of October and therefore please stay tuned and keep visiting this webpage.

If there is any query related to BSNL JTO exam 2009, please ask and I will get back to you after I inquired from BSNL India Ltd. I will be glad if I could be of any help to you.

Click here and download the selected candidate list ——>>> BSNL JTO Exam Result 2009

One week in Japan was the first experience for international trip. Everyone said Tokyo Drift will drive you crazy and certainly people were true, the life in Tokyo as I saw was really awesome. I went to Japan along with Thinless San (Group Leader) for some testing purpose at Suzuki Motor Corporation (SMC). Well, it was on 15th June 2009 that I set forth for Japan and excitement started from the India itself. On the way to Airport, I picked up another guy, Sushil San, from another group who was going with us to Japan. He is the kind of person with little quantity of hypertension (I guess). He thought we were running out of time and therefore along the way he was so worried that I, too, felt the heat. But finally we reached the IGI Airport, International terminal much much before the time.

Bullet Train

India to Japan normally takes only 8 hours if it is direct flight but we went via Bangkok and therefore it was 12 hours journey. We catch Thai Airlines and I would say the service was quite good with wine and beer in the flight. We spent 2 hours in Bangkok Airport and it was a huge airport with many floors and wings. Finally we reached Tokyo at the evening and we catch Bullet train from Tokyo Airport and then we went to Hamamatsu where there is plant for SMC.

On my way to Japan, Tokyo

In Hamamatsu, we stayed in Meitetsu hotel and it was a class hotel. The view from the Meitetsu 11th floor was enchanting and I could see the Hamamatsu city from my room. I enjoyed the place and due to shifting of time zone, there was some problem in sleeping. I could not sleep till late hours at night as per the Japan time. Then, next day we went to SMC plant and there we met Kozima San who is our Japanese counter part. The 3 days in SMC was quite boring as because I had to attend all the testing but the night time, I really enjoyed. Each night, we use to go to the different streets of Hamamatsu and we always had beer every night along with dinner. Thinless San can speak fluent Japanese and therefore language was not a problem in the whole trip.

Hotel Meitetsu - My room

In the Hamamatsu station, I found some interesting lifestyle of the people of Japan. I found music bands playing music at the street and at some corner, solitary musician practices his instrument. If someone do the same thing in India, then either people will hit him with stones or people will throw coins to him. But as Thinless San said, it was the hardworking example of Japanese people. They practice their music at the open public places every weakened and I am really impressed by the scene as I am somewhat interested in music.

The end has come and we were about to back home to India. We went to Tokyo on 19th and we had to stay the night at Tokyo. The experience of Tokyo was kind of feeling-shy-to share type. Hey, don’t think bad about me! There is a friend on Thinless San at Tokyo who was initially working in Maruti for one year and after that he left Maruti. We went to his home and took some rest and after that we came out to explore the Tokyo city. This is the night in which I observed the night life of Tokyo. In Japan, there is no fear for attack or some other case and even girl us to roam here and there without any fear. The guy (Thinless San) friend took us to an Indian restaurant and then after that we visited some bars and pubs at Tokyo. By now I realized Tokyo is such an expensive place. At that night only, I spent around 10,000-15,000 Yen.

With the help and support of Thinless San and our team members, I successfully complete my trip to Japan. I extend my gratitude to Thinless San and also it was really a great experience in my life and I would never forget my first international trip to Japan.

Love Aaj Kal

A simple story line but still interesting, Love Aaj Kal is a very interesting movie which reveals the present scenario of romance. It is simply a great movie which comes out once in 20 movies. From the starting till the end, the movie is very very interesting and if you have youth jill, then you will not get bored at any point of the movie.

love aaj kal

I am not an expert movie reviewer or critic but I am just sharing my views about Love Aaj Kal. It is a movie which story line is something similar to Ja Ne Tu Ya Jane Naa or Hum Tum. Someone would say the concept of the movie is common or the same old story but the direction and the picturization of the movie is completely different from others. Saif Kapoor is doing really good in this movie and his role as Veer Singh is fantastic. Deepika also did the movie with lots of confidence in her character.

love aaj kal

Love Aaj Kal depicts today’s love/romance and old age romance. It wants to show that love is everywhere but the only thing is people could not recognize it. The first scene of the movie is indeed interesting and there are many dialogues delivered in this movie. If I am asked to rate this movie, then I would give 4/5 which is a fair point.

This is not just a Love Aaj Kal review but a platform to share your views. Please express your views.

The greatest wait has come to the end with the announcement of union budget of 2009-2010. The Indian Government has finally declared the budget for the financial year 2009-2010.

BUDGET 2009-2010

1. The Budget documents presented to Parliament comprise, besides the Finance Minister’s Budget Speech, of the following:

A. Annual Financial Statement (AFS)

B. Demand for Grants (DG)

C. Appropriation Bill

D. Finance Bill

E. Memorandum Explaining the Provisions in the Finance Bill, 2009

F. Macro-economic framework for the relevant financial year

G. Fiscal Policy Statement for the financial year

H. Medium Term Fiscal Policy Statement

I. Expenditure Budget Volume -1

J. Expenditure Budget Volume -2

K. Receipts Budget

L. Budget at a glance

M. Highlights of Budget

N. Status of Implementation of Announcements made in Finance Minister’s Budget Speech of the previous financial year.

The documents shown from Serial A, B, C and D are mandated by Art. 112, 113, 114(3) and 110(a) of the Constitution of India respectively while the documents at Serial F, G and H are presented as per the provisions of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act 2003. Other documents are in the nature of explanatory statements supporting the mandated documents with narrative or other content in a user friendly format suited for quick or contextual references. Hindi version of all these documents is also presented to Parliament. A web version is hosted at http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2009-10(I)/ubmain.htm, with hyperlinks, intended to make surfing more efficient.

2. In addition to the above, individual Departments/Ministries also prepare and present to Parliament their Detailed Demands for Grants, Performance and Outcome Budget, and their Annual Reports. The Economic Survey which highlights the economic trends in the country and facilitates a better appreciation of the mobilization of resources and their allocation in the Budget is brought out by the Economic Division of Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance. The Economic Survey is presented to Parliament usually in advance of the Union Budget. The web versions of these documents are normally posted by the respective ministries/departments on their web sites.

3. Pending presentation of the Regular Budget by the new Government later in the year, the Interim Budget being presented in February 2009 comprises the documents listed in para 1 above (except the document at serial E).

4.1. A brief description of Budget documents listed in para 1 is given below.

4. (A) Annual Financial Statement (AFS), the core budget document, shows estimated receipts and disbursements by the Government of India for 2009-10 in relation to estimates for 2008-09 as also expenditure for the year 2007-08. The receipts and disbursements are shown under the three parts, in which Government Accounts are kept viz.,(i) Consolidated Fund, (ii) Contingency Fund and (iii) Public Account. Under the Constitution, Annual Financial Statement distinguishes expenditure on revenue account from other expenditure. Government Budget, therefore, comprises Revenue Budget and Capital Budget. The estimates of expenditure included in the Annual Financial Statement are for the net expenditure, i.e., after taking into account the recoveries, as will be reflected in the accounts.

The significance of the Consolidated Fund, the Contingency Fund and the Public Account as well as the distinguishing features of Revenue and Capital Budget are given briefly below.

(i) The existence of the Consolidated Fund of India (CFI) flows from Article 266 of the Constitution. All revenues received by Government, loans raised by it, and also its receipts from recoveries of loans granted by it form the Consolidated Fund. All expenditure of Government is incurred from the Consolidated Fund of India and no amount can be drawn from the Consolidated Fund without authorisation from Parliament.

(ii) Article 267 of the Constitution authorises the Contingency Fund which is an imprest placed at the disposal of the President of India facilitate Government to meet urgent unforeseen expenditure pending authorization from Parliament. Parliamentary approval for such unforeseen expenditure is obtained, post-facto, and an equivalent amount is drawn from the Consolidated Fund to recoup the Contingency Fund. The corpus of the Contingency Fund as authorized by Parliament presently stands at Rs. 500 crore.

(iii) Moneys held by Government in Trust as in the case of Provident Funds, Small Savings collections, income of Government set apart for expenditure on specific objects like road development, primary education, Reserve/Special Funds etc. are kept in the Public Account. Public Account funds do not belong to Government and have to be finally paid back to the persons and authorities who deposited them. Parliamentary authorisation for such payments is, therefore, not required, except where amounts are withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund with the approval of Parliament and kept in the Public Account for expenditure on specific objects, in which case, the actual expenditure on the specific object is again submitted for vote of Parliament for drawl from the Public Account for incurring expenditure on the specific object.

(iv) Revenue Budget consists of the revenue receipts of Government (tax revenues and other revenues) and the expenditure met from these revenues. Tax revenues comprise proceeds of taxes and other duties levied by the Union. The estimates of revenue receipts shown in the Annual Financial Statement take into account the effect of various taxation proposals made in the Finance Bill. Other receipts of Government mainly consist of interest and dividend on investments made by Government, fees, and other receipts for services rendered by Government. Revenue expenditure is for the normal running of Government departments and various services, interest payments on debt, subsidies, etc. Broadly the expenditure which does not result in creation of assets for Government of India is treated as revenue expenditure. All grants given to State Governments/Union Territories and other parties are also treated as revenue expenditure even though some of the grants may be used for creation of assets.

(v) Capital Budget consists of capital receipts and capital payments. The capital receipts are loans raised by Government from public, called market loans, borrowings by Government from Reserve Bank and other parties through sale of Treasury Bills, loans received from foreign Governments and bodies, and recoveries of loans from State and Union Territory Governments and other parties. Capital payments consist of capital expenditure on acquisition of assets like land, buildings, machinery, equipment, as also investments in shares, etc., and loans and advances granted by Central Government to State and Union Territory Governments, Government companies, Corporations and other parties. Capital Budget also incorporates transactions in the Public Account.

(vi) Accounting Classification

• The estimates of receipts and disbursements in the Annual Financial Statement and of expenditure in the Demands for Grants are shown according to the accounting classification prescribed under Article 150 of the Constitution, which enables Parliament and the public to make a meaningful analysis of allocation of resources and purposes of Government expenditures.

• The Annual Financial Statement shows separately, certain disbursements as charged on the Consolidated Fund of India, where the Constitution mandates such items of expenditure, like emoluments of the President, salaries and allowances of the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha, salaries, allowances and pensions of Judges of the Supreme Court, Comptroller and Auditor-General of India and the Central Vigilance Commission, interest on and repayment of loans raised by Government and payments made to satisfy decrees of courts etc. These items of expenditure are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India and are not required to be voted by the Lok Sabha.

4. (B) Demands for Grants

(i) Article 113 of the Constitution mandates that the estimates of expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India included in the Annual Financial Statement and required to be voted by the Lok Sabha are submitted in the form of Demands for Grants. The Demands for Grants are presented to the Lok Sabha along with the Annual Financial Statement. Generally, one Demand for Grant is presented in respect of each Ministry or Department. However, in respect of large Ministries or Departments more than one Demand is presented. In regard to Union Territories without Legislature, a separate Demand is presented for each of the Union Territories. In budget 2009-10 there are 105 Demands for Grants. Each Demand first gives the totals of ‘voted’ and ‘charged’ expenditure as also the ‘revenue’ and ‘capital’ expenditure included in the Demand separately and also the grand total of the amount of expenditure for which the Demand is presented. This is followed by the estimates of expenditure under different major heads of account. The breakup of the expenditure under each major head between ‘Plan’ and ‘Non-Plan’ is also given. The amounts of recoveries taken in reduction of expenditure in the accounts are also shown. A summary of Demands for Grants is given at the beginning of this document, while details of ‘New Service’ or ‘New Instrument of Service’ such as formation of a new company, undertaking or a new scheme, etc., if any, are indicated at the end of the document.

(ii) Each Demand normally includes the total provisions required for a service, that is, provisions on account of revenue expenditure, capital expenditure, grants to State and Union Territory Governments and also loans and advances relating to the service. Where the provision for a service is entirely for expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India, for example, interest payments (Demand for Grant No. 34), a separate Appropriation, as distinct from a Demand, is presented for that expenditure and it is not required to be voted by Lok Sabha. Where, however, expenditure on a service includes both ‘voted’ and ‘charged’ items of expenditure, the latter are also included in the Demand presented for that service but the ‘voted’ and ‘charged’ provisions are shown separately in that Demand.

4. (C) Appropriation Bill

After the Demands for Grants are voted by the Lok Sabha, Parliament’s approval to the withdrawal from the Consolidated Fund of the amounts so voted and of the amount required to meet the expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund is sought through the Appropriation Bill. Under Article 114(3) of the Constitution, no amount can be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund without the enactment of such a law by Parliament.

The whole process beginning with the presentation of the Budget and ending with discussions and voting on the Demands for Grants requires sufficiently long time. The Lok Sabha is, therefore, empowered by the Constitution to make any grant in advance in respect of the estimated expenditure for a part of the financial year pending completion of procedure for the voting of the Demands. The purpose of the ‘Vote on Account’ is to keep Government functioning, pending voting of ‘final supply’. The Vote on Account is obtained from Parliament through an Appropriation (Vote on Account) Bill.

4. (D) Finance Bill

At the time of presentation of the Annual Financial Statement before Parliament, a Finance Bill is also presented in fulfilment of the requirement of Article 110 (1)(a) of the Constitution, detailing the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of taxes proposed in the Budget. A Finance Bill is a Money Bill as defined in Article 110 of the Constitution. It is accompanied by a Memorandum explaining the provisions included in it.

4. (E) Memorandum Explaining the Provisions in the Finance Bill

To facilitate understanding of the taxation proposals contained in the Finance Bill, the provisions and their implications are explained in the document titled Memorandum Explaining the Provisions of the Finance Bill.

4. (F) Macro-economic Framework Statement

The Macro-economic Framework Statement, presented to Parliament under Section 3(5) of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act and the rules made thereunder contains an assessment of the growth prospects of the economy with specific underlying assumptions. It contains assessment regarding the GDP growth rate, fiscal balance of the Central Government and the external sector balance of the economy.

4. (G) Fiscal Policy Strategy Statements

The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statement, presented to Parliament under Section 3(4) of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, outlines the strategic priorities of Government in the fiscal area for the ensuing financial year relating to taxation, expenditure, lending and investments, administered pricing, borrowings and guarantees. The Statement explains how the current policies are in conformity with sound fiscal management principles and gives the rationale for any major deviation in key fiscal measures.

4. (H) Medium-term Fiscal Policy Statement

The Medium-term Fiscal Policy Statement, presented to Parliament under Section 3(2) of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act 2003, sets out three-year rolling targets for four specific fiscal indicators in relation to GDP at market prices namely (i) Revenue Deficit, (ii) Fiscal Deficit, (iii) Tax to GDP ratio and (iv) Total out-standing Debt at the end of the year. The Statement includes the underlying assumptions, an assessment of sustainability relating to balance between revenue receipts and revenue expenditure and the use of capital receipts including market borrowings for generation of productive assets.

4.2 To facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the major features of the Budget, certain other explanatory documents are presented. These are briefly summarized below.

4. (I) Expenditure Budget Volume-1

(i) This document deals with revenue and capital disbursements of various Ministries/Departments and gives the estimates in respect of each under ‘Plan’ and ‘Non-Plan’. It also gives analysis of various types of expenditure and broad reasons for the variations in estimates.

(ii) Under the present accounting and budgetary procedures, certain classes of receipts, like payments made by one department to another and receipts of capital projects or schemes, are taken in reduction of the expenditure of the receiving department. The estimates of expenditure included in the Demands for Grants are for the gross amounts. While the estimates of expenditure included in the Annual Financial Statement are for the net expenditure, after taking into account the recoveries. The document Expenditure Budget makes certain other refinements like netting expenditure of related receipts so that inflation of receipts and expenditure figures are avoided and there can be a better appreciation of the magnitudes of various expenditure. Contributions to International bodies and estimated strength of establishment of various Government Departments and provision therefor are shown in separate annexes. A statement each showing (i) Plan grants and loans released by Ministries/Departments directly to State and district level autonomous bodies, under various Central and Centrally Sponsored Plan schemes, (ii) Gender Budgeting and
(iii) Schemes for development of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are also included in this document.

(iii) Plan Outlay

Plan expenditure forms a sizeable proportion of the total expenditure of the Central Government. The Demands for Grants of the various Ministries show the Plan expenditure under each head separately from the Non-Plan expenditure. The Expenditure Budget Vol. 1 also gives the total Plan provisions for each of the Ministries arranged under the various heads of development and highlights the budget provisions for the more important Plan programmes and schemes. A description of important schemes included in the Plan along with the objectives, targets and achievements is given in the Outcome Budget of the respective Ministry. Variations in the estimates of Plan expenditure are also explained.

(iv) Public Sector Enterprises

A large part of the Plan expenditure incurred by the Central Government is through public sector enterprises. Budgetary support for financing outlays of these enterprises is provided by Government either through investment in share capital or through loans. Expenditure Budget Vol. 1 shows the estimates of capital and loan disbursements to public sector enterprises in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 for Plan and Non-Plan purposes and also the extra budgetary resources available for financing their Plans. A detailed report on the working of public sector enterprises is given in the document titled ‘Public Enterprises Survey’ brought out separately by the Department of Public Enterprises. A report on the working of the enterprises under the control of the various administrative Ministries is also given in the Annual Reports of the various Ministries circulated to Members of Parliament separately. The annual reports along with the audited accounts of each of the Government companies are also separately laid before Parliament. Besides, the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on the working of various public sector enterprises are also laid before Parliament.

(v) Commercial Departments

Railways is the principal departmentally-run commercial undertaking of Government. The Budget of the Ministry of Railways and the Demands for Grants relating to Railway expenditure are presented to Parliament separately. The total receipts and expenditure of the Railways are, however, incorporated in the Annual Financial Statement of the Government of India. To portray the actual working and not inflate either receipts or expenditure, the expenditure as reflected in the Receipts Budget & Expenditure Budget Vol. 1 and Vol. 2 has been taken net of receipts. The Demands for Grants of the Department of Telecommunications are presented along with other Demands of the Central Government.

(vi) The receipts and expenditure of the Defence Department shown in the Annual Financial Statement, are explained in greater detail in the document Defence Services Estimates presented along with the Detailed Demands for Grants of the Ministry of Defence.

(vii) The details of grants given to bodies other than State and Union Territory Governments are given in the statements of Grants-in-aid paid to non-Government bodies appended to Detailed Demands for Grants of the various Ministries. Annexure 5 to Expenditure Budget Vol.1 shows details of grants-in-aid exceeding Rs. 5 lakhs (recurring) or Rs. 10 lakhs (non-recurring) to private institutions, organizations and individuals sanctioned during the year 2007-08.

4. (J) Expenditure Budget Volume-2

The provisions made for a scheme or a programme may spread over a number of Major Heads in the Revenue and Capital sections in a Demand for Grants. In the Expenditure Budget Vol. 2, the estimates made for a scheme/programme are brought together and shown on a net basis at one place, by Major Heads. To understand the objectives underlying the expenditure proposed for various schemes and programmes in the Demands for Grants, suitable explanatory notes are included in this volume in which, wherever necessary, brief reasons for variations between the Budget estimates and revised estimates for the current year and requirements for the ensuing Budget year are also given.

4. (K) Receipts Budget

EEstimates of receipts included in the Annual Financial Statement are further analysed in the document “Receipts Budget”. The document provides details of tax and non-tax revenue receipts and capital receipts and explains the estimates. The document also provides the arrears of tax revenues and non-tax revenues, as mandated under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Rules, 2004.Trend of receipts and expenditure along with deficit indicators, statement pertaining to National Small Savings Fund (NSSF), statement of revenues foregone, statement of liabilities, statement of guarantees given by the government, statements of assets and details of external assistance are also included in Receipts Budget.

4. (L) Budget at a Glance

(i) This document shows in brief, receipts and disbursements along with broad details of tax revenues and other receipts. This document also exhibits broad break-up of expenditure - Plan and Non-Plan, allocation of Plan outlays by sectors as well as by Ministries/Departments and details of resources transferred by the Central Government to State and Union Territory Governments.This document also shows the revenue deficit, the gross primary deficit and the gross fiscal deficit of the Central Government. The excess of Government’s revenue expenditure over revenue receipts constitutes revenue deficit of Government. Government mainly borrows through issue of dated securities, i.e. market borrowings. Apart from this, Government also borrows funds under many schemes which form part of capital receipts. The difference between the total expenditure of Government by way of revenue, capital and loans net of repayments on the one hand and revenue receipts of Government and capital receipts which are not in the nature of borrowing but which finally accrue to Government on the other, constitutes gross fiscal deficit. Gross primary deficit is measured by gross fiscal deficit reduced by gross interest payments. In the Budget documents ‘gross fiscal deficit’ and ‘gross primary deficit’ have been referred to in abbreviated form ‘fiscal deficit’ and ‘primary deficit’, respectively. This document also shows liabilities of the Government on account of securities (bonds) issued in lieu of oil and fertilizer subsidies.

(ii)The document also includes a statement indicating the quantum and nature (share in Central Taxes, grants/loan) of the total Resources transferred to States and Union Territory Governments. Details of these transfers by way of share of taxes, grants-in-aid and loans are given in Expenditure Budget Volume.1. Bulk of grants and loans are disbursed by the Ministry of Finance and are included in the Demand ‘Transfers to State and Union Territory Governments’. The grants and loans released to States and Union Territories by other Ministries/Departments are provided for in their respective Demands.

4. (M) Highlights of Budget

This document explains the key features of the Budget 2009-10, inter alia, indicating the prominent achievements in various sectors of the economy. It also explains, in brief, the budget proposals for allocation of funds to be made in important areas. The summary of tax proposals is also reflected in the document.

4. (N) Status of Implementation of Announcements made in Finance Minister’s Budget
Speech 2008-09

This document indicates the action taken and action in progress on the announcements made in the last budget. The position as of January 2009 is reflected in this document.

4. (O) Detailed Demands for Grants

The Detailed Demands for Grants are laid on the table of the Lok Sabha sometime after the presentation of the Budget, but before the discussion on Demands for Grants commences. Detailed Demands for Grants further elaborate the provisions included in the Demands for Grants as also actual expenditure during the previous year. A break-up of the estimates relating to each programme/organisation, wherever the amount involved is not less than Rs.10 lakhs, is given under a number of object heads which indicate the categories and nature of expenditure incurred on that programme, like salaries, wages, travel expenses, machinery and equipment, grants-in-aid, etc. At the end of these Detailed Demands are shown the details of recoveries taken in reduction of expenditure in the accounts.

4. (P) Outcome Budget

(i) With effect from Financial Year 2007-08, the Performance Budget and the Outcome Budget hitherto presented to Parliament separately by Ministries/Departments, are merged and presented as a single document titled “Outcome Budget” by each Ministry/Department in respect of all Demands/Appropriations controlled by them, except those exempted from this requirement. Outcome Budget broadly indicates physical dimensions of the financial budget of a Ministry/Department, indicating actual physical performance in the preceding year (2007-2008), performance in the first nine months (up to December) of the current year (2008-2009) and the targeted performance during the ensuing year (2009-2010).

(ii) Outcome Budget contains a brief introductory note on the organization and function of the Ministry/Department, list of major programmes/schemes implemented by the Ministry/Department, its mandate, goal and policy framework, budget estimates, scheme-wise analysis of physical performance and linkage between financial outlays and outcome, review covering overall trends in expenditure vis-a-vis budget estimates in recent years, review of performance of statutory and autonomous bodies under the administrative control of the Ministry/Department, reform measures, targets and achievements and plan for future refinements.

(iii) As far as feasible, coverage of women and SC/ST beneficiaries under various developmental schemes and schemes for the benefit of North Eastern Region are also separately indicated.

4. (Q) Annual Reports

A descriptive account of the activities of each Ministry/Department during the year 2008-2009 is given in the document Annual Report which is brought out separately by each Ministry/Department and circulated to Members of Parliament at the time of discussion on the Demands for Grants.

4. (R) Economic Survey

The Economic Survey brings out the economic trends in the country, which facilitates a better appreciation of the mobilisation of resources and their allocation in the Budget. The Survey analyses the trends in agricultural and industrial production, infrastructure, employment, money supply, prices, imports, exports, foreign exchange reserves and other relevant economic factors which have a bearing on the Budget, and is presented to the Parliament ahead of the Budget for the ensuing year.

The Budget of the Central Government is not merely a statement of receipts and expenditure. Since Independence, with the launching of Five Year Plans, it has also become a significant statement of governmental policy. The Budget reflects and shapes, and is, in turn, shaped by the country’s economic life. For a better appreciation of the impact of governmental receipts and expenditure on the other sectors of the economy, it is necessary to group them in terms of economic magnitudes, for example, how much is set aside for capital formation, how much is spent directly by the Government and how much is transferred by Government to other sectors of the economy by way of grants, loans, etc. This analysis is contained in the document Economic and Functional Classification of the Central Government Budget which is brought out by the Ministry of Finance separately.

Joint Entrance Examination 2009 result for the Indian Institute of Technology has been announced and the merit list of the candidates who have cleared the JEE IIT exam can be had from the resources that I am sharing at the end of this article. Thousands of IIT aspirants across the country have been waiting for the IIT JEE 2009 results and now the wait has been end with the declaration of result at the first morning yesterday.

Now you can get the merit list of the candidates who have cleared the IIT exam and accordingly you can know the merit. Also they are providing the extended merit list of the candidates who are in the waiting list and also for those students who are looking for other IIT level institutes. Now you can just enter your registration number in the link given below and you can check your merit from the link given below:

http://www.iitg.ernet.in/jee/result.htm

Election Commission of India has announced the general election results and the Lok Sabha election results. People are anticipating the results of general election and the winning party but now it is the time to know the real party which won the election and who is going to form the government. Who will be the next Prime Minister of India was the commonest topic in every tea corner of India but now everything comes to end. It was clear from the very beginning that either Congress or BJP is going to form the government. The current results of general elections and lok sabha are:

General Election Result

Lok Sabha

Do you want to access your orkut account from your school, college or office internet connection? Websense and some other network filters may be of great problem to you as these network filters block orkut and other community websites like MySpace, Facebook, iLike etc. Now I am sharing the list of orkut proxy sites which are working in different internet networks and connections. Even if your internet network has network filter, you can use these orkur proxy servers to unblock orkut in the network.

In most of the cases, proxy servers got detected by the network filters if you are using those proxy sites for the long time. Therefore, there is no such popular orkut proxy site and if you want to effectively use proxy sites for unblocking orkut, then you must use new proxy sites all the time. Now I am sharing a list of new proxy sites which are updated regularly so that you can always find new proxy sites for orkut. This list of orkut proxy sites is updated regularly so that you can find free and fresh proxy sites all the time.

Orkut is very famous community websites in some countries like US, Brazil, India and some other countries. But orkut is banned in most of the college and school internet network of these places as it is quite addictive. So, I use to access my orkut profile using the proxy list from my office internet network. This proxy list is working fine and the most interesting part of these proxy servers is that this proxy list always adds new proxy sites every week. Fresh and new proxy sites are far effective than the famous and old proxy sites as these proxy servers have already been detected by your network and your network can easily filter those proxy sites. Now you can enjoy these proxy sites for orkut and other communities.

I have been receiving many interesting and beautiful mails about April Fool in my E-mail ID of company. Some are really mind blowing and make me laugh like hell. I have been trying to find the best of all and share the best April fool story in my personal blog. Well, I guess I found the one which is the best April Fool story and it is something different than other stories. This is about a dog making April fool of his boss. Just enjoy the April Fool Story:

Here is the list of candidates who have cleared the IIFT MBA exams (Final Round). IIFT is one of the leading MBA schools of India and if you have appeared in the CAT exam and looking for those candidates who have cleared for the further process, then spend some time check the list of the candidates who have cleared for the further process. And also yesterday only IIFT has announced their results of those candidates who have finally cleared their Interview.

There are centers of IIFT: Delhi Campus and Kolkata Campus. They have announced the result for both Delhi Campus and Kolkata Campus. If you appeared in the interview and waiting for the results, then please find the PDF files in the end of this articles. I am attaching the list of those candidates who have selected for both Delhi Campus and Kolkata Campus.

IIFT Results Delhi Campus - Click Here

IIFT Results Kolkata Campus - Click Here