Kidney stones

Kidney infection symptoms

2011-10-10T02:48:00.000-07:00

Knowing the symptoms of a kidney infection can be beneficial because this will allow you to treat the disease at an earlier stage and avoid further complications. The earlier you detect the symptoms, the easier it would be for the doctor to find the specific prescription of antibiotics and treatment for you. Renal failure, or pyelonephritis, is a bacterial infection in the kidney through the urine.
Listed below are the common symptoms of a kidney infection that can help you to respond faster to the infection.
Urine Changes
The most noticeable symptom if you have renal failure is a change in your urine or urination pattern. Some people may find their urine darker than usual or foamy than usual (cloudy). There are some patients who also find blood in their urine.
In several cases, there are changes in terms of the frequency in urination. Either people experience more frequency or lesser frequency of urinating. Urine can also be in greater or in lesser amounts than usual. Worse, there is a burning sensation or pain when urinating.

Kidney Pain
Most people with pyelonephritis experience severe pain in the lower area of their back – below the rib cage and above the hips. When kidneys are infected, they become swollen and this results to kidney pain. Some people disregard this as mere lower back pain and wait until the pain is gone. However, this symptom is also the main symptom that pushes patients to consult the doctor due to the severe pain.
This is usually the worst symptom because others find the pain unbearable. For some people, when that particular area is pressed, the pain becomes even worse.
Nausea, Fatigue, Vomiting, and Fever
Because of excess toxins in the bloodstream, you may feel nausea, lose your appetite, experience fatigue, and vomit. Infections usually cause fever.
Once you notice these symptoms of a kidney infection, you must immediately consult your doctor. You may have to undergo some more tests such as the urinalysis to confirm the disease and to find out the proper antibiotics for you. If the doctor finds out the different conditions earlier, then he or she would be able to give you the proper treatment that can heal you faster.
Kidney symptoms are really a bother especially when you don’t know where to start.

Hydronephrosis and Kidney

2010-10-20T11:05:00.000-07:00

Hydronephrosis

Definition

Hydronephrosis is the swelling of the kidneys when urine flow is obstructed in any of part of the urinary tract. Swelling of the ureter, which always accompanies hydronephrosis, is called hydroureter. Hydronephrosis implies that a ureter and the renal pelvis (the connection of the ureter to the kidney) are overfilled with urine.

Description

The kidneys filter urine out of the blood as a waste product. It collects in the renal pelvis and flows down the ureters into the bladder. The ureters are not simple tubes, but muscular passages that actively propel urine into the bladder. At their lower end is a valve (the ureterovesical junction) that prevents urine from flowing backward into the ureter. The bladder stores urine. The prostate gland surrounds the bladder outlet in males. Urine then flows through the urethra and out of the body as a waste product.

Because the urinary tract is closed save for the one opening at the bottom, urine cannot escape. Instead, the parts distend. Rupture is rare unless there is violent trauma like an automobile accident.

Obstructed flow anywhere along the drainage route can cause swelling of the upper urinary tract, but if the obstruction is below the bladder, the ureterovesical valve will protect the upper tract to a certain extent. Even then, with no place to go, the urine will back up all the way to its source. Eventually, the back pressure causes kidney function to deteriorate.

Obstruction need not be complete for problems to arise. Intermittent or partial obstruction is far more common than complete blockage, allowing time for the parts to enlarge gradually. Furthermore, if a ureterovesical valve is absent or incompetent, the pressure generated by bladder emptying will force urine backward into the ureter and kidney, causing dilation even without mechanical obstruction.

Causes and symptoms

Causes are numerous. Various congenital deformities of the ureter may sooner or later produce back pressure. Kidney stones are a common cause. They form in the renal pelvis and become lodged in the kidney, usually at the ureterovesical junction. In older men, the continued growth of the prostate gland leads commonly to restricted urine flow out of the bladder. Prostate cancer, and cancer anywhere else along the urine pathways, can obstruct flow. Pregnancy normally causes ureteral obstruction from the pressure of the enlarged uterus (womb) on the ureters.

Symptoms relate to the passage of urine. Sometimes, urine may be difficult to pass, irregular, or uncontrolled. Pain from distension of the structures is present. Blood in the urine may be visible, but it is usually microscopic.

In all cases where bodily fluids cannot flow freely, infection is inevitable. Symptoms of urinary infection may include:

painful, burning urine
cloudy urine
pain in the back, flank, or groin
fever, sweats, chills, and generalized discomfort

Patients often mistake a serious urinary infection for the flu.

Kidney Cyst

2010-10-20T10:53:00.000-07:00

Kidney Cysts

A cyst is a collection of fluid. Kidney cysts are very common (a third of us have one) and usually cause no problems. Occasionally, a cyst can increase in size and produce pain and a high blood pressure due to compression of the rest of the kidney. The first-line treatment of such a cyst is to drain it under a local anaesthetic as most will not re-fill. If the cyst does re-fill and continues to cause symptoms it is best dealt with by an operation.

The kidneys lie high in the abdomen, below the diaphragm and as a result can only be reached by traditional surgery through a large incision. The laparoscopic operation is performed through 3 x 5-10 mm cuts near the rib cage.

Although laparoscopy is a type of keyhole surgery, the view obtained is much better than looking through a keyhole. Modern equipment produces a wide, bright, clear and magnified view of the operation. The gas used to distend the abdomen during laparoscopy also greatly reduces bleeding during surgery.

Kidney Creatinine

2010-10-20T09:07:00.000-07:00

Kidney function tests check how well the kidneys filter and transport waste materials from the blood into the urine.

Who is a candidate for the test?

Kidney function tests are usually ordered when a healthcare provider suspects a disease that may be affecting the kidneys. These tests are also used to monitor someone who already has kidney disease.

How is the test performed?

There are four major tests. Each test is described more fully in separate articles in this encyclopedia. They are:

 creatinine

 creatinine-urine

 creatinine clearance

 BUN

Creatinine and BUN are blood tests that measure metabolic breakdown products in the body. It is the role of the kidney to get these waste products into the urine. When the kidney does not work properly, these products are not put into the urine and the levels become elevated in the blood.

Urine creatinine measures the amount of creatinine that is excreted into the urine.

Creatinine clearance is a fairly precise way to estimate the exact amount of function a kidney has compared to normal. Any of these tests may be ordered to help measure kidney function. Which one is used often depends on the disease that is suspected.

Kidney Malfunction And Blood Tests

2010-10-10T08:05:00.000-07:00

The kidneys have an important role of maintaining the balance of body fluids within the human body. They regulate the electrolyte concentrations, blood volume and also blood pressure.

They receive unfiltered blood from the heart and the filtration of blood is carried out within the kidneys and then the filtered blood is sent back to the heart. The kidney function involves removal of metabolic waste from the blood stream, regulating water balance in the body and maintaining acidity and alkalinity of body fluids.

An individual can live with one kidney as the renal tissue available in one kidney is sufficient to carry out its function. When the functioning tissue gets reduced it leads to kidney malfunction.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a blood test conducted to asses functioning of the kidneys. Urea is a waste product of the protein metabolism and formed in the liver. The kidneys filter urea from the blood and this gets excreted in the urine. BUN normal range is 7-20 mg/dl and if the result of the blood test shows a higher figure, then kidney malfunction is a possibility.

Serum creatinine is another blood test used for evaluating the kidney function. Creatine is a molecule used for energy production in muscles. About 2 percent of the body creatine gets converted to creatinine on a daily basis. Creatinine is transported to the kidneys through the blood stream. The kidneys carry out the filtration of creatinine for disposal in the form of urine. As the muscle mass remains unchanged, the creatinine level also remains unchanged on daily basis.

Hence, creatinine level test conducted on blood can reveal any malfunction of kidneys. The normal level of creatinine is 0.6-1.2 mg/dl for adult males and 0.5-1.1 mg/dl for adult females. The creatinine level in the blood will tend to rise if the kidney function has deteriorated.

Blood Tests and Urine Tests Will Help Diagnose Kidney

2009-09-21T13:18:00.000-07:00

In addition to a full medical history, your doctor or urologist will begin the diagnostic process with a simple physical examination, (of the abdominal area – looking for the soreness that may indicate a kidney stone’s presence) and then move on to medical imaging techniques (intravenous pyelogram, ultrasound, X-rays, computed tomography) to determine the location and nature of the kidney stone and rule out other possible causes of your symptoms.

Your doctor or urologist will also assess your general kidney function and evaluate the concentration of certain electrolytes and dissolved substances in your blood. A thorough urinalysis may also be performed.

Imaging tests will also help determine whether or not the stone is obstructing your urinary tract. Blood and Urine tests will help establish the substance (struvite, calcium, cystine or uric acid) that the stone has developed from so that an appropriate treatment can be delivered and appropriate preventive measures (change of diet, medication, etc.) taken. If this is your first stone, your physician may delay a detailed diagnostic evaluation until the stone grows in size. If it isn’t the first time you’ve developed a stone, urine and blood tests may be used to determine whether or not the recurrence is the result of a metabolic anomaly.

Source: parkaveurology.com

Signs of having developed a kidney stone

2009-09-21T13:08:00.000-07:00

It’s unlikely that you'll experience symptoms or see signs of having developed a kidney stone unless the kidney stone is large enough to cause a blockage, is passing or is responsible for a urinary tract infection.

If you’ve developed a kidney stone (renal lithiasis) that’s large enough to fall into the latter category, you may find yourself suffering from a sudden onset of a severe cramping pain in your lower back—below the edge of your ribcage, your groin, side, or abdomen. This pain is often so severe that it is not unheard of for it to be accompanied by nausea or vomiting and be further characterized by the fact that changing your body position will fail to relieve it. All four types of kidney stones (calcium, struvite, uric acid and cystine) may also cause blood to appear in your urine. If a urinary tract infection develops as a result of a stone, you may also experience a fever and chills.

However, any number of medical conditions other than kidney stones can cause symptoms similar to those listed above. So, your doctor or urologist will need to ask you a few questions to determine the precise nature of your pain and get a picture of your lifestyle. Your doctor will also need to perform a physical exam and may order X-rays or other imaging tests to get a better look at your kidneys or urinary tract.

If it turns out that you’ve developed more than one kidney stone or if you have a family history of kidney stones, additional testing may be called for. To find out which type of kidney stone you’ve developed--calcium, struvite, cystine, etc., your doctor may order blood tests and or ask that you collect your urine for a 24-hour period. Both tests will help your doctor determine the chance you’ll develop stones in the future.

Source: parkaveurology.com

Kidney stones: can they be treated?

2009-09-21T11:59:00.000-07:00

Kidney stones treatment will depend on the stones size and the patient's condition. Relief from pain and ridding the body of the stones is the goal of the treatment. Kidney stones treatment depends on the size , type, and underlying cause . Usually, stones that are smaller than 4mm pass freely, while those larger than 5mm seldom pass naturally.

The first natural treatment you can try are herbal teas that can be found in health shops, herbal shops or via the internet. Look for meadowsweet, Joe-pye weed, sarsparillia and plantain in particular as these will help to eliminate the excess of uric acid that you may have in your body.

Fortunately, most stones can be treated without surgery. About 90 percent of all kidney stones can pass through the urinary system spontaneously with the help of plenty of water (two to three quarts a day) to help the stone move along. In addition to extra water consumption, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics to fight infection, pain relievers to help with the pain, an antispasmodic to relax the ureter muscles or diuretics to prevent urine from staying in the kidney. About 90 percent of all stones that leave the kidney will pass through the ureter within three to six weeks.

Source: americanchronicle.com

Do kidney stones hurt?

2009-09-21T11:53:00.000-07:00

The patient of kidney stone faces is the pain during urination or the menstruation. This happens if the stone blocks the flow of the urine form the kidney to the urinary tract. This hurting can be very serious depending on the blockage that the stone proves to be for the urine. Similar thing happens during the menstruation. If it becomes very painful then there is a need of medication.

How can Diagnosis of kidney stones be confirmed?

2009-09-21T11:46:00.000-07:00

Investigations for kidney stones

1. Radiography

Radiographs of kidneys, ureters and the bladder are taken.
When a renal calculus is branched, there is no doubt concerning the shadow it casts. X-rays usually confirms 90% of the renal stones except the pure uric acid stones.
When a stone is found, exposures are made during full inspiration and full expiration to see whether the stone moves slightly with the kidney during respiration.
This is essential to exclude other conditions which will show similar type of shadow.
A renal stone will be seen to super imposed on the bodies of the lumber vertebras.

2. Excretory pyelography

i. It is of value in confirming that the opacity is intra-renal.

ii. In determining in which part of the kidney the stone is situated and in revealing the function of the other kidney.

iii. If it has produced obstructive features or not.

iv. Presence of non-opaque stone which can be visualized by filling defect.

3. Cystoscopy

A urethral stricture or prostatic obstruction will be revealed by instrumental examinatio

Source: tandurust.com

Why do kidney stones occur more and more in young people?

2009-09-21T11:25:00.000-07:00

There's a surprising and growing incidence of kidney stones in children. Kidney stones are comprised of minerals and acid salts that should be diluted in the urine. But when urine is too concentrated, these materials can crystallize and solidify, forming kidney stones. Passing these objects can be absolutely excruciating. The pain typically starts in the side or back below the ribs and then radiates to the lower abdomen and groin area.
Sometimes they don't pass by themselves and doctors use lithotripsy (high-energy shock waves) to fragment and disintegrate kidney stones. According to the Mayo Clinic web site, kidney stones are typically found most often in males between the ages of 20 and 70 -- with middle-aged men being at the highest risk, but the growing incidence of kidney stones in children is linked to the modern diet and lifestyle.
Bottom line: kids are growing up drinking too little water and too many sugar-filled drinks. In addition, youngsters who eat a fast-food diet are taking in high amounts of sodium -- and that's a well-known risk factor for the formation of kidney stones.
The sedentary lifestyle we're starting to see in the younger age group and the pediatric group is also a risk factor because we know that obesity increases the risk of forming kidney stones.

The main takeaway is to get your child to stay away from sugar filled drinks, sodas, colas and go to something natural like plain old water.

Source: naturalnews.com

Kidney stones: food that helps

2009-09-21T11:09:00.000-07:00

People who naturally carry a probiotic bacteria called Oxalobacter formigenes are 70 percent less likely to develop kidney stones than people whose dietary tracts lack the bacteria, according to a study conducted by researchers from Boston University and published in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.

Researchers compared 247 people who suffered from recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones with 259 people with no history of kidney stones. They found that while 38 percent of the people in the healthy group had O. formigenes in their intestines, only 17 percent of people in the kidney stone group did.

"Our findings are of potential clinical importance," researcher David Kaufman said. "The possibility of using the bacterium as a probiotic is currently in the early stages of investigation."

Source: naturalnews.com

What are the symptoms of gall stones?

2009-09-21T10:42:00.000-07:00

As mentioned before, gallstones symptoms need not surface, if the stones are small enough. They pose a problem only when they are so large, that they obstruct the bile duct. The peculiar symptoms of gallstones include:
•Sharp pain in the upper abdomen, for about 30 minutes or more.
•Back pain between shoulder blades or under the right shoulder.
•Nausea or vomiting, particularly in severe cases.
•Yellowness of skin and white of the eye.
•Fever and chills.
•Clay colored stools.
The symptoms of gallstones are often termed as 'gallstones attack'. You may experience one or more symptoms, if you have gallstones.

Source: buzzle.com

What are gallstones?

2009-09-21T10:38:00.000-07:00

Gallstones are a small pebble like things, found in the gallbladder and are made of bilirubin, cholesterol and other waste products. The size of these gallstones range from small particulate grains to 3-4 cm large stones. This is a common gallbladder disease, all over the world. Although, the condition may be asymptomatic in most cases, larger gallstones can definitely lead to severe symptoms. Gallstones is called a costly disease because the treatment is pretty expensive.

Gallstones form when there is an excess of bilirubin or cholesterol in the bile. The bile salts are insufficient to dissolve these substances. As a result, they go on accumulating in the bile duct and lead to formation of gallstones. If these gallstones are not removed on time, they can be painful for the person. This is a disorder that is more prevalent in women than in men. However, elderly men with obesity problem, are also prone to gallstones.

Source: buzzle.com

Gallstones: complications

2009-09-21T10:22:00.000-07:00

Most people with gallstones never have a serious complication. However, if the gallstones are not treated, they can cause jaundice (a yellow discolouration of the skin and whites of the eyes), pancreatitis or infections in the gallbladder or bile duct in some people.

Some of the complications relating to gallstones include inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), inflammation of the bile duct (cholangitis), inflammation of the pancreas (biliary pancreatitis), and obstruction of the intestine (gallstone ileus).

Source: mydr.com.au

Kidney stones - which food?

2009-07-16T11:18:00.000-07:00

Urine incur in the kidneys. Kidneys extract from the body harmful substances that occur when matter changes. Harmful substances are mainly uric acid and urea itself. In a minute through the kidney passes 1 - 1.5 lit. of blood, which they clear, so that the harmful substances are separated, and all the others are going back into the bloodstream.

Kidney stones, which usually consist of calcium, are obstacles that can cause inflammation and damage.
Kidneys are important for filtration of waste products from the blood. Kidney stones have about 10% of all men and 3% of women.
It is recommended to eat foods rich with potassium (dried apricots, yogurt, orange juice), calcium (non fat dairy products, almonds, sardines), drink plenty of water and eat less protein of animal origin.

Kidney stone more often occurred in children

2009-07-16T10:12:00.000-07:00

When you think of kidney stones children are not what first fall in mind. But doctors say that the number of children with this painful condition is increasing and this could represent one of the more ominous consequences of the epidemic of obesity.

However, experts say they are confident that there are more and more children with kidney stones, despite numbers.

Hope for kidney stone - Probiotic

2009-07-16T10:07:00.000-07:00

Doctors have encountered bacteria that could be used as a mean against kidney stones.

To treat patients with bacteria could be an effective way of reducing the risk of often developing painful kidney stones, a study claims.

People who naturally in the body contain the bacterium Oxalobacter formigen have 70% less chance to develop a stone.
Experts from the University of Boston in the United States explore the possibility of using bacteria as "probiotic" treatment. Kidney stone is a hard lump of waste constituents who exist in urine. Otherwise, it may be the size of grains of sand and the size of pearls. Surface can be smooth or jagged and are usually yellow or brown.

Once a kidney stone is formed, it can travel through other parts of the urinary system which can slow the flow of urine, cause infection, severe pain and even kidney failure.

They occurred mostly in persons between the ages of 20 to 40. 80% of kidney stones are composed of substances called calcium oxalate.

Testing phase

Oxalobacter formigen destroys oxalate in the intestinal system and is present in large numbers at the adult population.

The team from Boston compared 247 patients containing a kidney stone of the recurrence of calcium oxalates to 259 patients with no history of this condition.
It was discovered that only 17% of people with stone was colonized with Oxalobacter formigenom compared to 38% of healthy patients.
- Our results are potentially clinically important - said Professor David Kaufman, and conclude - The ability to use bacteria as a probiotic is still in the testing phase.

Kidney stone removed-coconut size

2009-07-16T09:58:00.000-07:00

Doctors in the Hungarian city of Debrecen removed yesterday a kidney stone of 17 centimeters in diameter from a patient Sandor Sarkadiju, which is approximately the size of coconut.

Mr. Sardaki was urgently operated after the X-rey image found that he carries the giant kidney stone. Removal of the stone of 1.25 kilograms passed by with no problems, Daily Mail writes.
The size of kidney stones varies; they may be small as a grain of sand or the size of golf balls, but the stone of coconut size so far no one has yet seen. Most kidney stones after laser surgery pass through the body within a few hours or days. Doctors recommend patients to drink large quantities of liquids in order to expedite the process, and sometimes they propose a special way of eating. Extra large kidney stones have to be surgical removed.

Too much Coca Cole can damage the kidneys

2009-06-27T15:30:00.000-07:00

Even if we talk about light variations of cola, over-consuming coca Cole may affect the kidneys. According to a U.S. study published in the journal Epidemiology consuming daily amounts of too much coca Cole increases the risk of chronic kidney diseases, and improves the makings of kidney stones. It is already known that consuming carbonated drinks in large quantities, or potions that are fattening, can cause diabetes. When it comes to coca cola, we are starting to talk about kidney injuries which support the opinion that it contained ingredients more harmful than soda. Attention is therefore transferred to the phosphoric acid, which in large quantities is in the drinks and generally is associated with the emergence of kidney stones.

Scientists with the National Institute of Health compare the food habits of 465 respondents with chronic kidney diseases with the habits of 465 healthy subjects. Bearing in mind the different risk factors of each, scientists have come to the conclusion that drinking two or more cans of coca Cole a day, even in the light version, doubles the risk of chronic kidney diseases. For deeper understanding the role of phosphor acid it will be need to do further research, but for now it is known that it affects the extraction of calcium from bones, increasing the risk of kidney stones and other causes of chronic diseases such as reduction of kidney function.

Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Kidney stones

2009-06-27T13:52:00.000-07:00

Symptoms that accompany them are pains in the back or abdomen, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, finding blood in urine, sometimes the temperature and shaking. Diagnostics will be, in addition to the above-mentioned symptoms that indicate a possible existence of stones, based on tests such as ultrasound of kidneys and the abdomen, intravenous pielografy, X-ray of abdomen, and possibly tests such as CT of the abdomen. It will also determine the value of uric acid and calcium in serum and urine.

The treatment should recommend taking enough fluids, analgesics and spazmolite. Therapy will also be directed towards the kind of stones you have. In the case of uric stones alopurinol will be applied, in the case of struvite stones antibiotics. In cases where it is not possible to solve nefrolitiase by conservative methods surgery will be applied. Today it is mostly lithotripsy - breaking stones by ultra waves.

Milk and kidney stones

2009-06-05T13:30:00.000-07:00

You may have heard somewhere that milk helps in the development of kidney stones. However, it is a myth, and scientific research does not confirm that correlation. In fact, the milk reduces the risk of stones! Diet with a lot of calcium reduces absorption of oxalates, substances present in some types of vegetables (spinach), but also in other food (tea and chocolate). Oxalates bounds with calcium and the calcium-oxalates are formed, that makes kidney stone.

The Horse tail tea for kidney stone

2009-06-03T10:23:00.000-07:00

Unbearable pain can be easier by lying in the hot water on the side where the stone is. Heat will expand small channels so the stone will not press so hard.
There is no pain such as kidney stones are causing when they launch to exit through the urethra and urinary canal. Pain sometimes cannot be stopped even by morphine injection, and the medicine is handling them by breaking them up with ultrasound, which is not always successful, and by very uncomfortable procedures of entering over urinary track to the stone and removing it, if possible at all.

Long time ago people used primitive means of removing the kidney stone. The Czech doctors even recommended that drinking large quantities of beer is good for it (!), and the peasants in our parts drove patients through bumpy roads. RELIEVING stones naturally As a fast mean running the stairs up and down can be used, or lying in the bath of hot water, sideways, on the side where the stone is located. The hot water relaxes small channels and pain is reduced or it disappears. Tea, which can dissolve and flush out kidney stones it is made from teaspoon of horse tail (Lat. Equisetum arvense) in 250 ml of boiling water. Let it boil for 5-7 minutes, strain it and drink it. 1,5-2 liter of tea should be drank a day for three days consecutively. In the regions where they eat black radish (Raphanus sativa lat) there are no such problems, it was observed that 1 dl juice squeezed from raw radish taken starving can dislodge stones and prevent their emergence. Preparations for helping are Rowatinex or Indian Cistone. Before taking medication consult a physician.

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