KINOCK SEBASTIAN

Natural Language Tool Kit [NLTK] Python Example.

2015-05-22T06:13:00.001-07:00

Hi all this post is to illustrate Natural Language tool kit [NLTK] using python. Wikipedia define natural language tool kit as "The Natural Language Toolkit, or more commonly NLTK, is a suite of libraries and programs for symbolic and statistical natural language processing (NLP) for the Python programming language. NLTK includes graphical demonstrations and sample data. It is accompanied by a book that explains the underlying concepts behind the language processing tasks supported by the toolkit, plus a cookbook."

What I am going to explaing here is a simple program which searches for a key word in first 15 links that are parsed from google news page. The paradigm followed here is, first parse google news page and get 15 news urls from the page. Then parse through each news url and find key word using nltk module.

The parsing on google news page is done using beautifulsoup a python package used for parsing html. Parsing is done based on the observation that the news url is in the anchor tag whose class name starts with "article-". So we use regular expression package in python with beautifulsoup function find_all() function to find all anchor tags with class name starting with "article-" . After getting all anchor tags we extract the first fifteen href from the html text using function get('href') of beautiful soup. The following code snippet shows how it is done.


        userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; it; rv:1.8.1.11) Gecko/20071127 Firefox/2.0.0.11'
 request = urllib2.Request('https://news.google.com/')
 request.add_header('User-Agent',userAgent)
 opener = urllib2.build_opener()
 web = opener.open(request).read()
 newsUrls = []
 googleNewsPage = BeautifulSoup(web)
 googleNewsArticle = googleNewsPage.find_all('a',class_ = re.compile('article-'))
        i=0
 for link in googleNewsArticle:
  if i < 14:
   newsUrls.append(link.get('href'))
   i=i+1

The fifteen news urls are stored in a list. Now what we do next is loop through each link and use nltk functions to search for the word in the urls and find the context in which the word is used and parts of speech. To search for the word we use concordance(searchWord) function. concordance function just does a binary search on the text which is tokenized using nltk function word_tokenize(). For word tokenize to work the html should be changed to raw text it is done with help of BeautifulSoup(webHtml).get_text() function. Below is the snippet showing this

#parsing each news link from google news
 print "Matching Words Found in the Following Urls "
 for url in newsUrls: 
   
  sentance = []
  try:
   request = urllib2.Request(url)
   request.add_header('User-Agent',userAgent)
   opener = urllib2.build_opener()
   web = opener.open(request).read().decode('utf8')
  except:
   print "Exception Occured in opening the url. Skipping this url : " + url 
   continue
  
  #using beautiful Soup to get the text of html
  newsRaw = BeautifulSoup(web).get_text()
  
  #tokenizing html text using word_tokenize from nltk module

  tokens = word_tokenize(newsRaw)
  newsText = nltk.Text(tokens)
  
  #synWords = []

  #getting the synonyms of search word using word net
  #for i,syn in enumerate(wn.synsets(searchWord)):
   #for syn2 in syn.lemma_names():
    #synWords.append(syn2.encode('utf8'))

  #synWords = set(synWords)
  
  #checking weather search word in the news article 
  #for searchWord in synWords:
 
  if(searchWord in newsText):
  #if present prints the url and match found
   print "News Url : " + url
   newsText.concordance(searchWord)

Concordance function prints the line where the search word is found. For finding the context in which the word is used we need to get line and lines before and after the line in which the word is found. For this i did a simple hack. I edited the code of concordance function in nltk module. This function make a concordance index and do a binary search for the word in the index and the print the word with the sentance. To apply lesk algorithm I needed the lines which are printed by concordance. So I used the code in the concordance function (thanks to open source) and instead of printing fed the lines to lesk function. And the got parts of speech using nltk.pos_tag(sentanceStr.split()).

contextSentance = nltk.ConcordanceIndex(tokens, key = lambda s:s.lower())
   width = 75
   lines = 25
   half_width = (width - len(searchWord) -2) // 2
   context = width // 4
   offsets = contextSentance.offsets(searchWord)
   if offsets:
    lines = min(lines,len(offsets))
    for k in offsets:
     if lines <= 0:
      break
     left = (' ' * half_width + ' '.join(tokens[k-context:k]))
     right = ' '.join(tokens[k+1:k+context])
     left = left[-half_width:]
     right = right[:half_width]
     sentance.append(left+tokens[k]+right)
     lines -= 1
   
    sentanceStr = ' '.join(sentance)
    sentanceTokens = word_tokenize(sentanceStr)
    
    print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
    print "+Meaning Of the Word in the context+"
    print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
    print 
    print ','.join(lesk(sentanceTokens,searchWord).lemma_names())
    
    print
    print "+++++++++++++++++++"
    print "+ Parts Of Speech +"
    print "+++++++++++++++++++"
    print
    
    pos = nltk.pos_tag(sentanceStr.split())
    print pos
    for word,ps in pos:
     if (word.lower() == searchWord.lower()):
      print(str(word),str(ps))

The full code for this simple example is available in my github. Hope this post was helpful. Please leave comments if you have doubts.

How to Get Access Token Using Tweepy In Python

2015-04-01T23:30:00.000-07:00

In this post I am just showing how to get Access Token and Access Token Secret For Twitter using Tweepy in python. This is very simple and very straight forward. First create an application in  Twitter Application Management  and get consumer key and consumer secret key. Now the below code explains how to effectively user consumer key and consumer secret to generate and store access token and access token secret. Here I am using two files to save consumer key and access token. Okay lets go to the python code for this. 

#!/usr/bin/python
import tweepy
#Reading Consumer key and secret from consumerKeys File

consumerKeyFile = open("consumerKeys","r")
consumerKey = consumerKeyFile.readline().strip()
consumerSecret = consumerKeyFile.readline().strip()
consumerKeyFile.close()

#authenticating twitter consumer key
auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumerKey,consumerSecret)
auth.secure=True
authUrl = auth.get_authorization_url()

#go to this url
print "Please Visit This link and authorize the app ==> " + authUrl
print "Enter The Authorization PIN"

#writing access tokes to file
pin = raw_input().strip()
token = auth.get_access_token(verifier=pin)
accessTokenFile = open("accessTokens","w")
accessTokenFile.write(token[0]+'\n')
accessTokenFile.write(token[1]+'\n')

Here we initialize our consumer key and consumer secret with auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(). With the auth object just create we get the authorization url using get_authorization_url() method of tweepy. Now user can got to this url and enter his/her login credentials and verify app. After verifying a pin will be returned. We accept this pin and calls method get_access_toke(verifier = pin) with pin as argument and fetch access token and access token secret. We save this in a file and use it when ever needed. This token wont expire until user revoke access or we delete the application. 

Python Website Monitoring Script

2015-03-28T03:32:00.000-07:00

This one is a simple program to monitor website and whenever an update occurs tweet about the update. What I like to show here is how to use tweepy to post a tweet and one good way to find difference of websites. Here I am talking about static pages which will not have dynamic adds coming in or other dynamic stuffs coming in. This is good for monitoring small websites. What we are doing here is, we take md5 hash of the web page and store it in a file. At later time we will take md5 hash again and compare the old one with new hash. If both are different using tweepy we post tweet on twitter and writes new hash to the file.

import urllib2
import hashlib

#parsing website
request = urllib2.Request(url)
request.add_header('User-Agent',userAgent)
opener = urllib2.build_opener()
website = opener.open(request).read()

#generating hash
websiteHash = hashlib.md5(website).hexdigest()

#reading old hash
hashFile = open(fileName,"r")
oldWebsiteHash = hashFile.readline().strip()
hashFile.close()

#writing new hash
hashFile = open(fileName,"w")
hashFile.write(websiteHash)
hashFile.close()

#comparing hash
if(websiteHash != oldWebsiteHash):
    print "Updating Twitter For update in " + Message
    #calling function to update twitter
    updateTwitter(Message,hashTags)
else:
    print "No New Update For " + Message

This code is used to open a url using urllib2 and get its md5 hash. Then fetch previous hash from the file and compare if it matches do nothing else call update twiter function. Write new hash to the file. If the hashes different that means an update happpened the page. So we call Twitter update function (updateTwitter). The following function shows how to post a tweet on twitter using tweepy. 

def updateTwitter(Message,hashTags):
    #twitter auth procedures
    consumerKeyFile = open("consumerKeys","r")
    consumerKey = consumerKeyFile.readline().strip()
    consumerSecret = consumerKeyFile.readline().strip()
    consumerKeyFile.close()

    auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumerKey,consumerSecret)
    accessTokenFile = open("accessTokens","r")
    accessToken = accessTokenFile.readline().strip()
    accessTokenSecret = accessTokenFile.readline().strip()
    accessTokenFile.close()

    auth.secure = True
    auth.set_access_token(accessToken,accessTokenSecret)
    api = tweepy.API(auth)

    #updating twitter
    updateTime = datetime.utcnow() - timedelta(hours=8)
    if(hashTags != ""):
        updateMessage = Message + " update detected at "  + updateTime.strftime("%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p") + " PST " + hashTags
    else:
        updateMessage = Message + " update detected at "  + updateTime.strftime("%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p") + " PST "
    api.update_status(status=updateMessage)

Consumer Key and Consumer Secret We get From twitter app console. I saved it to a file and reading it from the file. Access token and access token secret will be given when we verify app. The process of verification will be shown in my next blog spot. We create twitter authentication object by passing consumer key and secret to tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumerKey,consumerSecret) function. Simillarly using auth object we set access token with the help of set_access_token(accessToken,accessTokenSecret). 

Then we create the api object which holds the verification for accesstoken using tweepy.API(auth) with auth object. Here in the message to be posted to twitter date and time is in PST format so we use datetime.utcnow() - timedelta(hours=8) to get date time in pst and updateTime.strftime("%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p") to format date and time in month:day:year hour:minute:seconds format. For this you need to import "from datetime import datetime,timedelta".

Simillarly for tweepy "import tweepy". After this to post tweet we use api object and call update_status(status=updateMessage). Here dont forget to mention status=updateMessage because by default the parameter for update_status() is media. So put message you need to mention status. This is a new update in tweepy and this is not updated in their document. 

SCREEN IN UBUNTU [USAGE] [INSTALLATION]

2014-10-19T00:33:00.000-07:00

Screen is used to multiplex several virtual consoles, allowing user to access multiple separate terminal sessions inside a remote terminal session. It is useful for dealing with multiple programs from a command line interface, and for separating programs from the Unix shell that started the program.

INSTALLATION

sudo apt-get install screen

After installing screen, to check whether screen is installed properly type screen in terminal and press enter. Then the following details will appear.

screen

Screen version 4.00.03 (FAU) 23-Oct-06

Copyright (c) 1993-2002 Juergen Weigert, Michael Schroeder
Copyright (c) 1987 Oliver Laumann

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program (see the file COPYING); if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

Send bugreports, fixes, enhancements, t-shirts, money, beer & pizza to screen@uni-erlangen.de








[Press Space or Return to end.]

This means screen is installed properly.

USAGE

We can issue command in screen using "Ctrl-a" + other keys. To get all the usage of keys in screen press Ctrl-a-?

Ctrl-a-?

                             Screen key bindings, page 1 of 2.
  
  Command key:  ^A   Literal ^A:  a

  break       ^B b         license     ,            removebuf   =         
  clear       C            lockscreen  ^X x         reset       Z         
  colon       :            log         H            screen      ^C c      
  copy        ^[ [         login       L            select      '         
  detach      ^D d         meta        a            silence     _         
  digraph     ^V           monitor     M            split       S         
  displays    *            next        ^@ ^N sp n   suspend     ^Z z      
  dumptermcap .            number      N            time        ^T t      
  fit         F            only        Q            title       A         
  flow        ^F f         other       ^A           vbell       ^G        
  focus       ^I           pow_break   B            version     v         
  hardcopy    h            pow_detach  D            width       W         
  help        ?            prev        ^H ^P p ^?   windows     ^W w      
  history     { }          quit        \            wrap        ^R r      
  info        i            readbuf     <            writebuf    >         
  kill        K k          redisplay   ^L l         xoff        ^S s      
  lastmsg     ^M m         remove      X            xon         ^Q q      

                  [Press Space for next page; Return to end.]

SOME USEFUL COMMANDS

To create a screen

screen -S screen_name

To List all running screens and names

screen -ls

To Attach to running screen

screen -x screen_name

To Kill a screen

screen -X -S [SESSION U WANT TO KILL] kill

screen -X -S [SESSION YOU WANT TO KILL] quit --this command kills all windows opened in session .

Another simple method to kill specific screen

Attach to the screen you want to kill by
       screen -x [screen name]
       Then press ctrl-a-k and press y.
       
       REALLY WANT TO KILL THIS WINDOW[Y/N]

To Detach From one screen

Ctrl - a - d

To Create a new window in a screen session

Ctrl - a - c

To List all windows in screen

Ctrl - a - w

SOME USES OF SCREEN

To keep session active even when network disruption occurs when connected to server. For example when we are running long running process process we can run it in screen .
Disconnect and Reconnect form multiple locations to server without any disrupt to a particular task.

HOW TO ENABLE MANUAL LOGIN IN UBUNTU 14.04 LTS. [Lightdm] [Ubuntu 14.04 LTS]

2014-10-13T02:36:00.000-07:00

We can enable manual login in ubuntu 14.04 by configuring lightdm. Manual Login by default is not enabled in ubuntu.

All we need to do is add a line in a file in lightdm.conf.d.

Open terminal
Go to following directory
cd /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d
Then open 50-ubuntu.conf
sudo nano 50-ubuntu.conf
Add the following line in the file
greeter-show-manual-login=true
Save and Exit.
Logout and you will see this login option.

This is very simple but I hope it will help some.

How To Open New Worksheet For Same Connection [MULTIPLE WORKSHEETS FOR ONE CONNECTINION] In ORACLE SQL DEVELOPER

2014-09-29T04:43:00.001-07:00

This is simple article to show how to open multiple worksheets for same connection in Oracle Sql Developer . Probably Everyone Knows how to do this but I didnt , I needed search and find the solution . So For this one id for those who face the same problem I faced :P . LOL ! I found out two solutions .

1. Right Click on the connection you need to open new window . Then choose option " OPEN SQL WORKSHEET "

2. Click on the icon circled and choose the connection which you want to open new worksheet .

NJOYYY !!!

Oracle Database Connection Error in Spoon [Penataho] [Kettle]

2014-09-19T04:44:00.001-07:00

When Connecting to Oracle Database in spoon if you are getting the below error.

Driver class 'oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver' could not be found, make sure the 'Oracle' driver (jar file) is installed.
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver

The issue is that spoon doesn't have jdbc driver . For this Download Oracle JDBC driver from the link below.

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/jdbc-112010-090769.html

Copy the downloaded file into

spoon_installation_folder\data-integration\libext\JDBC

Try to reconnect . Hopefully Now it will get connected .

Installing Pentaho Data Integration Tool [KETTLE] [SPOON] in Window 7

2014-09-19T03:53:00.000-07:00

Download the latest version of spoon or kettle from the below link:

 http://community.pentaho.com/projects/data-integration/

Follow the following steps:-

Unzip the downloaded file into the program files folder in the drive operating system installed. It is not necessary to unzip there itself but it is preferable.
Make sure JAVA is installed in your windows 7.
To check whether java is installed open cmd type "java" and press enter. If you get and error message like not recognized as a command then install java.
Without java installed we cannot install Spoon.
Now go to the unzipped folder double click on spoon.bat file. If something like this shows up "Windows cannot find 'javaw'.Make sure you typed the name correctly, and then try again " . your installation of java was not proper . Dont forget to set path to java bin .
Now double click spoon will be opened .
Create a shortcut of spoon.bat file on desktop to access next time to avoid browsing till spoon.bat every time .

NJOYYY .. !!!

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS On Start up Freezing Or Splash Screen Freezing [EDIT GRUB][HP PAVILION G6]

2014-08-26T00:20:00.000-07:00

After installing Ubuntu 14.04 LTS I had this issue , when ever I start up it will be stuck on ubuntu splash screen . And after switching on and off multiple times only I can get the login for user . So I googled and found a fix . Fix is to skip the splash screen and boot without splash screen . For this we need to edit the grub file .

Steps to Follow :-

Open Terminal
Then use the following command gksu gedit /etc/default/grub
Gedit will be open with something similar in the above image.
Comment the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
to comment use '#'
Save the file.
The run the command
sudo update-grub2

Restart and we wont be having the freezing during start up problem . Enjoy !!

Motion Detection Program In SimpleCV using Python

2013-04-23T11:50:00.001-07:00

'''
A Simple program in python for motion detection and drawing lines over the moving Object.
Here we accepts two images of different time and substract them . The Sucbstracted Image
Holds The Key . The image show the object in motion everything else is substracted off.
Lines are found on substracted Image and drawn to the normal image.
'''

from SimpleCV import *
from SimpleCV import Camera
cam = Camera()
while True:
first = cam.getImage() #getting First Image
second = cam.getImage() #getting Second Image
diff = second-first #substracting Second Image from First and stored in diff

lines = diff.findLines(threshold=10, minlinelength=15)
#finding Lines in the Differenced image .
lines.draw(width=3) #drawing Lines on the Diff image
second.addDrawingLayer(diff.dl()) #Drawing the lines to normal image .
second.show()

How To Install SimpleCV in Windows 8

2013-04-21T09:58:00.000-07:00

SimpleCV is a computer Vision application which is open source. The main advantage of SimpleCV is that it implements high end computer vision libraries such OpenCV. Easy to use and easy to learn is another cool feature of SimpleCV . In this post, I am just giving Steps to install SimpleCV in windows 8 . Python 2.7 and OpenCV will be installed in this installation itself so no need to download any thing . Everything that is needed to run SimpleCV is under one Hood, this makes things pretty simple .

STEP1

Click Here and go to the home page of SimpleCV . Click On Download tab . Click on the latest stable version . It will take you to sourceforge page and downloading will begin . A file named SimpleCV-1.3.msi , around 192 mb size .

STEP 2

Wait for Download to complete and run the downloaded file . Do as installation suggests and complete installation . A command prompt window opens up during installation showing what installing . Installation is over when the command prompt window is closed by itself . So files will be downloaded in between the Installation.

STEP 3

Now to confirm installation press start button + Q and type python and click on python IDLE ..

and type any of these command :

>>from SimpleCV import *

>>
>>import SimpleCV

If it goes to next line without errors you have successfully installed SimpleCV . Else Try again .
Screen Shots

NOTE :
Some times and error may be shown when typing the above commands , I got this error : "AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'csgraph_to_masked' " . Before this they will be showing list of paths of scipy library . The solution for this is to install latest stable version of scipy for windows . Click Here (Scipy Download page) To download latest stable version of scipy for windows.

TUTORIALS
Click Here here to start Learning SimpleCV . It is the Learn page of SimpleCV and I found it real good for beginners .

C Program To Find And Replace A Word In The String

2011-11-02T10:54:00.000-07:00

Description
We accept two inputs . One is the word to be replaced and other is the word to be replaced with . Then We will search the word to be replaced in the string search is done by searching the first letter of the word and if we find that we will check wheather its a word by looking is there any space ,\n or full stop before it and if its a word we will compare our word with this and if both are same will now start the replacement procedure. We will get the length of both the inputs and if word to be replaced with is small we will shift our string to left the difference times (i.e length1-length2 times) if its greater we will shift the string to right the difference times .. And now we will insert the word in the proper place .. If our word to be replaced is the first one in the string we should conduct a peripheral check for that is done with the second loop..
Program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
    char string1[100],string2[20],string3[20];
    int i,length1,length2,length3,j,flag=0,templ,temp,k;
    printf("\nEnter The String :-");
    gets(string1);
    printf("\nEnter The Word To be replaced");
    gets(string2);
    printf("\nEnter The Replacement Word");
    gets(string3);
    length1=strlen(string1);
    length2=strlen(string2);
    length3=strlen(string3);
    for(i=0;i<length1;i++)
   {
       if(string1[i]==string2[0])
      {
           if(i==0)
          {
               if(string1[length2]==' ')
              {
                   for(j=0;j<length2;j++)
                  {
                       if(string1[j]==string2[j])
                           flag=1;
                      else
                          flag=2;
                  }
              }
              if((flag==1)&&(flag!=2))
             {
                  if(length2>=length3)
                 {
                     for(j=0;j<length2;j++)
                    {
                         templ=length3;
                         if(templ!=0)
                        {
                             string1[j]=string3[j];
                             templ--;
                         }
                        else
                            string1[j]=' ';

                    }
            }
            if(length2<length3)
           {
                for(k=0;k<(length3-length2);k++)
               {
                    for(j=(length1+k);j!=length2;j++)
                        string1[j+1]=string1[j]; //shifting
                }
                for(j=0;j<length3;j++)
                {
                     string1[j]=string3[j];
                 }
           }
       }
   }
// starting search for not first word
   else
   {
        if((string1[i-1]==' ')||(string1[i-1]==',')||(string1[i-1]=='.'))//token 2
       {
            if((string1[i+length2]==' ')||(string1[i+length2]=='\n')||(string1[i+length2]=='.')||(string1[i+length2]==\0'))//token 3
               {
                    temp=i;
                   for(j=0;j<length2;j++,temp++)
                  {
                       if(string1[temp]==string2[j])
                           flag=1;
                       else
                           flag=2;
                  }
              }
          }

if((flag==1)&&(flag!=2))
{
    if(length2>=length3)
{
temp=i;
for(j=0;j<length2;j++,temp++)
{
templ=length3;
if(templ!=0)
{
string1[temp]=string3[j];
templ--;
}
else
{
string1[j]=' ';
}
}
}
if(length2<length3)
{
temp=i;
for(k=0;k<(length3-length2);k++)
{
for(j=(length1+k);j!=(i+length2);j++)
{
string1[j+1]=string1[j]; //shifting
}
}
for(j=0;j<length3;j++,temp++)
{
string1[temp]=string3[j];
}
}
}
}

}
}
{
printf("The new string:%s",string1);
getch();
exit(0);
}

getch();
return (0);
}

C Program For Matrix Multiplication

2011-11-01T08:20:00.000-07:00

The thing to check while multiplying matrix is that, Is number of columns of first matrix is equal to number of rows of second matrix .. The resultant matrix will be of the order row1 by col2. This is a simple C program for accepting to matrix and checking weather it can be multiplied and if possible mutiplication is done and the resultant matrix is outputed.

Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
 int matrix1[20][20],matrix2[20][20],row1,row2,col1,col2,i,j,a,sum,matrix3[20][20];
 printf("Enter The Row and column For matrix1 :");
 scanf("%d%d",&row1,&col1);
 printf("\nEnter Matrix 1:");
 for(i=0;i<row1;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<col1;j++)
    {
     scanf("%d",&matrix1[i][j]);
    }
  }
 printf("\nThe Matrix You Entered Is:\n");
 for(i=0;i<row1;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<col1;j++)
    {
     printf("%d\t",matrix1[i][j]);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }   
 printf("\nEnter The Row and column For matrix2 :");
 scanf("%d%d",&row2,&col2);
 printf("\nEnter Matrix 2:"); 
 for(i=0;i<row2;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<col2;j++)
    {
     scanf("%d",&matrix2[i][j]);
    }
  }
 printf("\nThe Matrix You Entered Is:\n");
 for(i=0;i<row2;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<col2;j++)
    {
     printf("%d\t",matrix2[i][j]);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }
 //Checking Weather Matrix Multiplication Is possible   
 if(col1!=row2)
  {
   printf("\nMatrix Multiplication Not Possible!!!!");
   getch();
   exit(0);
  }

 //Matrix Multiplication
 for(i=0;i<row1;i++)
  {
   sum=0;                 
   for(j=0;j<col2;j++)
    {
     for(a=0;a<row1;a++)
      {                 
       sum+=matrix1[i][j]*matrix2[a][j];
      }
     matrix3[i][j]=sum;
     sum=0;
     }
   }
 printf("\nThe Product Is:\n");
  for(i=0;i<row1;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<col2;j++)
    {
     printf("%d\t",matrix3[i][j]);
    }
    printf("\n");
   }
 getch();
 return(0);
}

C Programme For n Length Fibonacci Series

2011-10-31T00:46:00.000-07:00

Fibonacci series is one of the simplest program in C. We accept The length of series of Fibonacci. Logic Of Fibonacci series is very simple its a series generated by adding adding the previous term with the curret term i.e consider the series 0 1 1 2 3 5 etc here 0+1=1 ; 1+1=2; 1+2=3; 2+3=5; and so on. We compute this until the the length entered by user . The starting To elements are entered by us i.e 0&1 . After That we compute this By adding 0+1=1 . Now next term is one and previous term is 1 so previous term + next term i.e 1+1=2 ..And so on.
Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int length,i,previous,next,temp;
printf("\nEnter The Length You Want For the Fibonacci series");
scanf("%d",&length);
printf("\nFIBONACCI SERIES");
printf("\n--------- ------");
printf("\n0\t1");
previous=0;
next=1;
for(i=0;i<length-2;i++)
{
temp=next;
next+=previous;
printf("\t%d",next);
previous=temp;
}
getch();
return 0;
}

C Program To Find The Nth Smallest Element From An Unsorted List

2011-10-31T00:25:00.000-07:00

I found Two ways to solve this . First Method is, we will sort the array the accept the value to find nth smallest and will print the element in nth position of the array . The second method is, take the first element compare it with all other elements and count all the numbers greater than this if there are n numbers greater than this, Then first element is the nth smallest. This is repeated for all the elements and will find the nth smallest .
FIRST METHOD
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int array[100],length,i,j,temp,n;
   printf("Enter The length Of The Array ");
scanf("%d",&length);
printf("\nEnter The Numbers:");
for(i=0;i<length;i++)
   {
    scanf("%d",&array[i]);
    }
for(i=0;i<length;i++)
    {
     for(j=0;j<length-1;j++)
      {
       if(array[j]>array[j+1])
        {
         temp=array[j];
         array[j]=array[j+1];
         array[j+1]=temp;
         }
        }
      }
   printf("The new array is:");
   for(i=0;i<length;i++)
   {
    printf(" %d ",array[i]);
    }
   printf("\nEnter Which Smallest Number You want");
   scanf("%d",&n);
   printf("\nThe %d th smallest number is: %d",n,array[n-1]);
   getch();
   return 0;

}
SECOND METHOD
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int array[100],length,i,j,n1,n;
printf("Enter The Length of the array:");
scanf("%d",&length);
printf("\nEnter The array");
for(i=0;i<length;i++)
{
   scanf("%d",&array[i]);
   }
printf("\nEnter which smallest element you want");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<length;i++)
   {
    n1=0;
   for(j=0;j<length;j++)
    {
     if(array[i]>array[j])
      {
        n1++;
        }
      }
      if(n1==(n-1))
       {
        printf("\n%d is the %dth smallest element",array[i],n);
        }
       }
       getch();
       return (0);
       }

C Program To Search In a sorted List

2011-10-30T23:40:00.000-07:00

We take a sorted array as one input. Then we accept the element to be searched if it is found we will return the pposition of the element in the array and a success message.. If Its not in the list we will print a fail message . We use Binary search method to implement this search.
Program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int array[100],length,end,start,mid,element,i,flag=0;
char choice;
printf("Enter The length of the array");
scanf("%d",&length);
printf("\nEnter The array (sorted)");
for(i=0;i<length;i++)
   {
    scanf("%d",&array[i]);
    }

start=0;
end=length;
mid=(start+end)/2;
printf("Enter the element to be searched");
scanf("%d",&element);
while(start<end)
   {
    if(array[mid]==element)
     {
      printf("\nElement Found in:%d",mid+1);
      start=end;
      flag=1;

      }
     else
      if(element>array[mid])
      {
        start=mid+1;
        mid=(start+end)/2;
        }
     else
       {
        end=mid;
        mid=(start+end)/2;
        }
     }

     if(flag==0)
      {
       printf("\nThe element you searched is not in the array");
       }

            getch();
            return (0);
}

Python Tutorial Videos (Google Class)

2010-09-09T19:13:00.000-07:00

Here is the videos of python tutorial. This comes under google edu program

DAY1 PART1

DAY1 PART2

DAY1 PART3

DAY2 PART1

DAY2 PART2

DAY2 PART3

DAY2 PART4

CLICK HERE FOR THE MATERIAL AND CLASSWORK QUESTIONS

Download Python 3.1 For Free

2010-09-05T06:06:00.000-07:00

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD

NVIDIA Geforce 7150M / nForce 630M driver for windows7

2010-09-04T10:02:00.000-07:00

Here The Problem Is Resolved And This is the orginal Driver For Windows7..It worked For me.. And Now I can Play Call Of Duty 4 With No Lag.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD