Kirthan Shetty

Add a User To Group Linux

2014-01-21T03:22:00.001-08:00

Add a existing user to existing group :

To add an existing user jerry to sftpjail supplementary/secondary group with usermod command using -a option ~ i.e. add the user to the supplemental group(s). Use only with -G option:

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usermod -a -G sftpjail jerry

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To change existing jerry's primary group to lll, enter:

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usermod -g lll jerry

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Errr 'mongo.js:L112 Error: couldn't connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:L112'

2014-01-08T03:42:00.000-08:00

If you are running Ubuntu, then there is an issue with folder ownership.

Run these commands:

Stop the MongoDB service
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```
sudo service mongodb stop
```
```
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
Remove the MongoDB lock file
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```
sudo rm /var/lib/mongodb/mongod.lock
```
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
Change ownership from root to the MongoDB path
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```
sudo chown -R mongodb:mongodb /var/lib/mongodb/
```
```
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
Start the MongoDB service
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```
sudo service mongodb start
```
```
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
Test the mongo application
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```
mongo 
```
```
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
```

Backup (mysql dump) all your MySQL databases in separate files

2013-09-20T02:41:00.000-07:00

The below is the bash script to take mysql dump seperately

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#! /bin/bash

TIMESTAMP=$(date +"%F")
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/$TIMESTAMP"
MYSQL_USER="backup"
MYSQL=/usr/bin/mysql
MYSQL_PASSWORD="password"
MYSQLDUMP=/usr/bin/mysqldump

mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

databases=`$MYSQL --user=$MYSQL_USER -p$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "SHOW DATABASES;" | grep -Ev "(Database|information_schema)"`

for db in $databases; do
$MYSQLDUMP --force --opt --user=$MYSQL_USER -p$MYSQL_PASSWORD --databases $db | gzip > "$BACKUP_DIR/mysql/$db.gz"
done
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HOW TO CREATE SSL SELF SIGNED CERTIFICATE ( UBUNTU )

2013-09-13T05:05:00.001-07:00

About SSL Certificates

A SSL certificate is a way to encrypt a site's information and create a more secure connection. Additionally, the certificate can show the virtual private server's identification information to site visitors. Certificate Authorities can issue SSL certificates that verify the server's details while a self-signed certificate has no 3rd party corroboration.

Set Up

Additionally, you need to have apache already installed and running on your virtual server.
If this is not the case, you can download it with this command:

sudo apt-get install apache2

Step One—Activate the SSL Module

The next step is to enable SSL on the droplet.

sudo a2enmod ssl

Follow up by restarting Apache.

sudo service apache2 restart

Step Two—Create a New Directory

We need to create a new directory where we will store the server key and certificate

sudo mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl

Step Three—Create a Self Signed SSL Certificate

When we request a new certificate, we can specify how long the certificate should remain valid by changing the 365 to the number of days we prefer. As it stands this certificate will expire after one year.

sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key -out /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt

With this command, we will be both creating the self-signed SSL certificate and the server key that protects it, and placing both of them into the new directory.

This command will prompt terminal to display a lists of fields that need to be filled in.

The most important line is "Common Name". Enter your official domain name here or, if you don't have one yet, your site's IP address.

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:US
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:New York
Locality Name (eg, city) []:NYC
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Awesome Inc
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Dept of Merriment
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:example.com                  
Email Address []:webmaster@awesomeinc.com

Step Four—Set Up the Certificate

Now we have all of the required components of the finished certificate.The next thing to do is to set up the virtual hosts to display the new certificate.

Open up the SSL config file:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

You should make the following changes.

Change the port on the virtual host to 443, the default SSL port:

<VirtualHost *:443>

Add a line with your server name right below the Server Admin email:

ServerName example.com:443

Replace example.com with your DNS approved domain name or server IP address (it should be the same as the common name on the certificate).

Add in the following three lines to the end of your virtual host configuration, and make sure that they match the extensions below:

SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key

Save and Exit out of the file.

Step Five—Activate the New Virtual Host

Before the website that will come on the 443 port can be activated, we need to enable that Virtual Host:

sudo a2ensite default

You are all set. Restarting your Apache server will reload it with all of your changes in place.

sudo service apache2 reload

In your browser, type https://youraddress, and you will be able to see the new certificate.

INITIAL BEANSTALK GIT COMMIT TO MASTER BRANCH

2013-06-13T00:48:00.003-07:00

Getting Started with Git & Creating your Repository

After you have installed Git, you need to setup the repository in your account and generate an SSH key.

yum install git-core    (this is for centos)
apt-get install git-core (this is for ubuntu )

Once installed, we recommend initializing Git. run the following commands.

git config --global user.name "kirthan"
git config --global user.email "kirthan@example.com"

Use your full name and email address, and by this you will setup Git for your purposes. You need to do this only once, the first time you install Git.

Start using Git

There are many different ways to use your Git repository. Since Git is very flexible you can start using your repository easily by importing, cloning, and many other ways.
We will show you couple of common ways to start using your Git repository.

Starting from scratch

To start using your repository from scratch, in your command line type the following:

mkdir my-project
cd my-project
git init
echo "This is my new project on Beanstalk." > README
git add README
git commit -m "My first commit."
git remote add beanstalk https://example.git.beanstalkapp.com/my-project.git
git push beanstalk master

With the commands above, you will create a folder, add a file to it, make your first commit, and push the changes to your repository, to master branch. Master branch is the default branch to use for your files.

Import existing files on your computer

To import your existing files from your local machine type the following in your command line:

cd my-project
git init
git remote add beanstalk https://example.git.beanstalkapp.com/my-project.git


git add .
git commit -m "Importing my project to Git, without saving history."
git push beanstalk master

Installing Redmine on CentOS 6.2

2013-03-14T11:52:00.000-07:00

Installing Redmine on CentOS 6.2 Wiht MySQL and Apache

Jul 6th, 2012

I needed recently to install the excellent project management tool Redmine on a CentOS 6.2 machine. There are some tutorials on the Web (hereor here) but they are a little bit outdated. The following is a method that works as of today.

Pre-requisites

Logged as root, install the following packages:

yum install make gcc gcc-c++ zlib-devel ruby-devel rubygems ruby-libs apr-devel apr-util-devel httpd-devel mysql-devel mysql-server automake autoconf ImageMagick ImageMagick-devel curl-devel

And then install the bundle ruby gem:

gem install bundle

Install Redmine

Redmine is installed with the following commmands:

cd /var/www
wget http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/76255/redmine-1.4.4.tar.gz
tar zxf redmine-1.4.4.tar.gz
ln -s redmine-1.4.4 redmine
rm -f redmine-1.4.4.tar.gz

Install Redmine ruby dependencies

Bundle helps us install the ruby Redmine dependencies:

cd /var/www/redmine
bundle install --without postgresql sqlite test development

Database creation

First we start MySQL:

service mysqld start

Then we secure it (Optional):

mysql_secure_installation

We then create the redmine database and user:

$ mysql
mysql> create database redmine character set utf8;
mysql> grant all privileges on redmine.* to 'redmine'@'localhost' identified by 'my_password';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit

Redmine database configuration

We copy the database configuration example and we modify it to point to our newly created database:

cd /var/www/redmine/config
copy database.yml.example database.yml

On the database.yml file, the production section should look like this:

production:
  adapter: mysql
  database: redmine
  host: localhost
  username: redmine
  password: my_password
  encoding: utf8

And then we create and populate the database with the following rake commands:

cd /var/www/redmine
rake generate_session_store
rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV="production"
rake redmine:load_default_data RAILS_ENV="production"

Outgoing email configuration (Optional)

To configure an outgoing SMTP server for sending emails, we create the config/configuration.yml file from the sample:

cd /var/www/redmine/config
cp configuration.yml.example configuration.yml

And edit it to provide our configuration :

production:
  email_delivery:
    delivery_method: :smtp
    smtp_settings:
      address: "smtp.mydomain.com"
      port: 25
      domain: "mydomain.com"

Redmine standalone testing

At this point, Redmine can be tested in standalone mode by running the following command:

cd /var/www/redmine/
ruby script/server webrick -e production

and open the http://localhost:3000 addess in a browser. If you are testing from another computer, you will need to open the port in the /etc/sysconfig/iptables file by duplicating the ssh (port 22) line and adapting it:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT

Then apply the new configuration with the following command:

service iptables restart

Passenger installation

To install Phusion passenger, we firts install its gem:

gem install passenger

And then install the Apache module with the command:

passenger-install-apache2-module

Apache configuration

We remove the default Apache configuration and replace it by a new one:

cd /etc/httpd
mv conf.d available
mkdir conf.d

In the empty new conf.d folder, we create a redmine.conf file with the following configuration:

# Loading Passenger
LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.13/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so
PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.13
PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby

<VirtualHost *:80>
   ServerName redmine.mycompany.com
   DocumentRoot /var/www/redmine/public
   <Directory /var/www/redmine/public>
      # This relaxes Apache security settings.
      AllowOverride all
      # MultiViews must be turned off.
      Options -MultiViews
      allow from all
   </Directory>

   ErrorLog "|/usr/sbin/rotatelogs /etc/httpd/logs/redmine-error.%Y-%m-%d.log 86400"
   CustomLog "|/usr/sbin/rotatelogs /etc/httpd/logs/redmine-access.%Y-%m-%d.log 86400" "%h %l %u %t %D \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\""

</VirtualHost>

We then enable named based virtual hosting for our server by uncomenting the following line in the /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf file:

...
#
# Use name-based virtual hosting.
#
NameVirtualHost *:80
...

We give full access on the redmine folder to the apache user and test the configuration:

chown -R apache:root /var/www/redmine
service httpd configtest

At this point, the SELinux configuration needs to be modified to allow our apache instance to run the phusion passenger module. You can do this by putting SELinux in permissive mode:

setenfore Permissive

And letting the Permissive mode survive a reboot by modifyin the /etc/selinux/config file from:

SELINUX=enforcing

SELINUX=permissive

If you want to run redmine while enforcing, you may want to apply the method described here for which you will need to install the policycoreutils-python package.
In any case, you will start Apache with the command:

service httpd start

Now you can access your Redmine installation with your browser. To access it from all the computers in your network, you will need to open the port 80 in the /etc/sysconfig/iptables. You can replace the 3000 rule by :

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

And restart iptables.

service iptables restart

Start services at boot

To have MySQL and Apache started at boot, run the commands:

chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
chkconfig --level 345 httpd on

Cleaning up

A quick command to clean up all the devel stuff needed for installation:

yum remove '*-devel' make automake autoconf

Tips

Don’t forget that if you change your Redmine configuration, you don’t have to restart Apache. Your can restart only Redmine with the command:

touch /var/www/redmine/tmp/restart.txt

If you restore data on your server from another redmine instance that runs on a previous version, dont forget to migrate your data:

cd /var/www/redmine
rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV="production"

Kill process in Linux or terminate a process in Linux systems

2013-03-06T20:50:00.000-08:00

Kill process using kill command under Linux/UNIX

kill command works under both Linux and UNIX/BSD like operating systems.

Step #1: First, you need to find out process PID (process id)

Use ps command or pidof command to find out process ID (PID). Syntax:
ps aux | grep processname
pidof processname
For example if process name is lighttpd, you can use any one of the following command to obtain process ID:
# ps aux | grep lighttpd
# pidof lighttpd
Output:

Step #2: kill process using PID (process id)

Above command tell you PID (3486) of lighttpd process. Now kill process using this PID:
# kill 3486
OR
# kill -9 3486
Where,

-9 is special Kill signal, which will kill the process.

killall command examples

DO NOT USE killall command on UNIX system (Linux only command). You can also use killall command. The killall command kill processes by name (no need to find PID):
# killall -9 lighttpd
Kill Firefox process:
# killall -9 firefox-bin

Installing Zend Server Community Edition (CE) on Ubuntu

2013-03-05T21:50:00.001-08:00

Installing Zend Server Community Edition (CE) on Ubuntu With Phpmyadmin .

Start by adding the official Zend debs to your distribution.
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sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
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And the following snipplet in the bottom of the file
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deb http://repos.zend.com/zend-server/deb server non-free
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Add the Zend’s repository public key

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wget http://repos.zend.com/zend.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
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Now synchronize the repositories

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sudo apt-get update
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Finally install Zend Server with PHP 5.3

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sudo apt-get install zend-server-ce-php-5.3
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All done, you now have Zend Server Community Edition installed!

Now we are Mysql
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And then MySQL:

#apt-get install mysql-server

#service mysqld start

#mysql_install_db

#/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

#chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on

Install phpmyadmin :

#apt-get install phpmyadmin-zend-server-php-5.3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#vi /usr/local/zend/gui/lighttpd/etc/lighttpd.conf
Search for 'phpmyadmin' and you should find the following code block:

$HTTP["remoteip"] !~ "127.0.0.1" {
  $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/phpmyadmin/" {
    url.access-deny = ( "" )
    server.errorfile-prefix = "//usr/local/zend/gui/lighttpd/share/lighttpd-custom-errors/errorcode-"
  }
}

To disable the security completely, you can simply comment out this block. Alternatively, just replace the IP Address with your own. Finally, we need to add Zend's bin and lib directories to the system path and restart Zend.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#vi /etc/profile

Add the following lines to the very end of this file:

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/zend/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/zend/lib

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nohup Execute Commands After You Exit From a Shell Prompt

2013-03-01T03:18:00.005-08:00

nohup command :

Answer is simple, use nohup utility which allows to run command./process or shell script that can continue running in the background after you log out from a shell:

nohup Syntax:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#nohup command-name &

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Where,

command-name : is name of shell script or command name. You can pass argument to command or a shell script.
& : nohup does not automatically put the command it runs in the background; you must do that explicitly, by ending the command line with an & symbol.

By the above command you can run the process in background .

Reverse proxy on virtualhost

2013-03-01T02:02:00.001-08:00

Run node.js on apache

The problem with Subsonic is that it runs on Node.js on a non-standard port. The rest of my web applications run in Apache on port 80. Therefore, it would be nice if instead of having to go to http://example.com:8180/subsonic/, I could simply go to http://example.com. The solution is called a reverse proxy. Reverse proxies can do things like load balance between multiple web servers or simply make resources on an internal web server available externally. In this case, I am using a reverse proxy to make a web application available on a different port available on the standard port 80.
The set up is fairly simple. On Ubuntu, it should be as simple as issuing this command (as root) to enable the proxy modules:

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/path/to/folder
ServerName example.com

ErrorLog /var/www/vhosts/loh/logs/error_log
CustomLog /var/www/vhosts/loh/logs/access_log combined

<Directory /var/www/vhosts/path/to/folder>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
<Proxy *>
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Proxy>
<Location />
ProxyPass http://example.com:8180/
ProxyPassReverse http://example.com/
</Location>
</VirtualHost>

Backup and Restore MySQL Database Using mysqldump Command

2013-02-18T21:03:00.001-08:00

Using mysqldump, you can backup a local database and restore it on a remote database at the same time, using a single command. In this article, let us review several practical examples on how to use mysqldump to backup and restore.

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backup: # mysqldump -u root -p[root_password] [database_name] > dumpfilename.sql

restore:# mysql -u root -p[root_password] [database_name] < dumpfilename.sql

Access files from password proctected site

2013-02-11T22:06:00.004-08:00

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#wget --user=username --password=password http://example.com/files.tar.gz
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Change username and password as your requirement from the above command .

How do I enable server-side includes on my site ?

2013-02-08T23:45:00.002-08:00

How do I enable server-side includes on my site ?

#cd /to/your/site/folder
#vi .htaccess

and paste the below content in that

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AddType text/html .shtml
AddHandler server-parsed .shtml
DirectoryIndex index.shtml index.html index.htm index.php
Options +IncludesNoExec -ExecCGI

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

thats it done .

Back up files in linux

2013-02-05T01:29:00.001-08:00

The below is the script to backup files in linux :

copy the below script and name example.sh

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#!/bin/bash
#START

TIME=`date +"%b-%d-%y_%H-%M-%S"`
FILENAME="backup-$TIME.tar.gz"
SRCDIR="/path/to/source/folder"         #please change to your source folder
DESDIR="/path/to/destination/folder"   # please change to your destination folder
tar -cpzf $DESDIR/$FILENAME $SRCDIR

find /path/to/destination/folder/ -iname '*.tar.gz' -ctime +45 -exec rm -f {} \; #please change to your destination folder
#END
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

And change the mode of file example.sh

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#chmod +x example.sh
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

And move the examle.sh file

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#mv example.sh /bin/

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Now edit crontab

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#sudo crontab -e

45 22 * * * example.sh #Edit as your requirement

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Creating user in Phpmyadmin using SQL

2012-11-21T05:25:00.001-08:00

1) Login to phpmyadmin

2) open the perticular DB

3) click on SQL tab

4) Paste the below line there and change the username and dbname as yours and password as you require .

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grant all privileges on dbname.* to username@localhost identified by 'passwd';
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INSTALL MONGODB ON UBUNTU

2012-10-12T00:17:00.000-07:00

Create a the /etc/apt/sources.list.d/10gen.list file and include the most appropriate version of the following lines for the 10gen repository

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deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sudo apt-key adv –keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com –recv 7F0CEB10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sudo apt-get update
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sudo apt-get install mongodb-10gen
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You are ready with mongodb , to check status service mongodb status.

INSTALL GRAPHICAL TOOL

Download mViewer from

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://github.com/Imaginea/mViewer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Now go to scripts folder and run start_mviewer.sh

Visit your localhost on 8080 port with no username and password if you have not set any(

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://127.0.0.1:8080
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Now you are done with mongodb GUI interface.

ENABLE IP FORWORDING (RHEL ,CENT OS)

2012-10-08T23:02:00.000-07:00

Open /etc/sysctl.conf file using a text editor, enter:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Set net.ipv4.ip_forward to 1, enter:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Save and close the file. Reload the changes by typing the following command:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# sysctl -p

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACL (access control list)

2012-08-17T05:17:00.001-07:00

1 ) To check if your ext4 filesystem has the proper default options, use tune2fs as below :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   # tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1

 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2 ) To enable ACLs on a filesystem, we must set the fs default and remount:

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 # tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1
 # mount -o remount,acl /data1

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3) Use getfacl to view ACLs:

-------------------------------------------------------------

# touch /data1/foo.txt
# getfacl /data1/foo.txt
-------------------------------------------------------------

4) Use setfacl to set ACLs, with -m to modify and -x to remove a given ACL.
a) give user bob read+write+execute on a file:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#setfacl -m u:bob:rwx /data1/foo.txt

      b)give group peeps read+write on a file:

#setfacl -m g:peeps:rw /data1/foo.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5)remove bob's ACL permissions:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#setfacl -x u:bob /data1/foo.txt

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6)setfacl permission to directory

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#setfacl -m d:g:peeps:rw /data1/stuff/

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7) revoke write permission for everyone:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#setfacl -m m::rx /data1/foo.txt

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8) When ACLs are present, an ls -l will show a plus sign to notify you:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 # ls -l /data1/foo.txt 
-rw-rwxr--+ 1 root root 0 Dec  3 14:54 /data1/foo.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To remove only the tables in DB :

2012-07-02T06:26:00.001-07:00

Go to terminal and excute the bellow command with your database username ,databasename , and password :

mysqldump -u username -p --no-data dbname | grep ^DROP > drop.sql

mysql -u username -p dbname < drop.sql

rm drop.txt

To find which version of linux OS installed

2012-06-18T04:26:00.001-07:00

This is only for the Linux distribution
open the terminal and enter the bellow command

#cat /etc/*release

.htaccess Proctection

2012-05-31T06:31:00.003-07:00

IP address restrictions to protect directories using .htaccess

copy the below 6 lines to .htaccess file

<limit GET>
order deny,allow
deny from all
allow from 128.175
allow from 128.4
</limit>

Folder proctection using .htaccess this is only for linux users

Create .htaccess if not present and add below 5 lines

AuthName "Restricted Area"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /var/www/vhosts/sitename/httpdocs/.htpasswd
AuthGroupFile /dev/null
require valid-user

# htpasswd -c /var/www/vhosts/sitename/httpdocs/.htpasswd kirthan

Creating Vhosts in Ubuntu

2012-05-09T23:32:00.003-07:00

Steps for Creating Vhosts in Ubuntu :

1)
Create the folders that will host your new sites. By default, Apache in Ubuntu serves from /var/www

2)

mkdir /var/www/site

3)

cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/default /etc/apache2/sites-available/site

4)

Edit the new config files for each site using your preferred text 
editor. Add the line ServerName server1 right below the ServerAdmin line
 and change both DocumentRoot and Directory to point to your new sites.

repeat this step for as many new sites as you’ll be 
creating

/etc/apache2/sites-available/site

<VirtualHost *:80>
 ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
 ServerName site1

 DocumentRoot /var/www/site
 <Directory />
  Options FollowSymLinks
  AllowOverride All
 </Directory>
 <Directory /var/www/site1/>
  Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
  AllowOverride All
  Order allow,deny
  allow from all
 </Directory>

 ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

 # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
 # alert, emerg.
 LogLevel warn

 CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

5)

  After you have edited the config files just tell Apache to start serving the 
new domains and stop serving the default:

 sudo a2ensite site

6)
Now reload apache and you should be able to get to each of your new domains

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

for disabling the site use command

sudo a2dissite site

Create DNS server in Ubuntu version

2012-03-09T02:13:00.004-08:00

1) Install bind9

#aptitude install update

#aptitude install bind9 dnsutils

2)Configure local Network
#sudo nano /etc/hosts

as below

127.0.0.1       [yourhostname]   localhost.localdomain   localhost 
192.168.1.x     [yourhostname].[yourdomain]              [yourhostname]

eg:-

127.0.0.1       ns1 localhost.localdomain   localhost 
192.168.1.2      ns1.geoffke.be              ns1

3)Configure your firewall

#sudo ufw allow 53

#sudo ufw allow bind9

#sudo ufw app list

4)create the zone file

#cd /etc/bind

#sudo nano db.geoffke.be

Replace geoffke.be with your domain name to become your zone file name. Here's an example

 ; 
 ; BIND zone definition file for geoffke.be 
 ; 
 geoffke.be.      IN      SOA      ns1.geoffke.be. admin.geoffke.be. ( 
                         2011072601; Serial 
                         28800 
                         3600 
                         604800 
                         38400 
 ) 
 
 ; Nameserver and mailserver (replace with your own hostnames): 
 geoffke.be.        IN     NS           ns1.geoffke.be. 
 geoffke.be         IN     MX     10    mail.geoffke.be 
 
 ; IP addresses of local hosts (replace the lines with your own hosts): 
 router             IN     A     192.168.1.1 
 ns1                IN     A     192.168.1.2 
 www                IN     A     192.168.1.3 
 mediacenter        IN     A     192.168.1.4 
 laptop1            IN     A     192.168.1.5 
 workstation1       IN     A     192.168.1.6

5. Create the reverse zone file:

#sudo nano rev.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa

Use the following example file and replace the hosts and domain name with your own, matching the ones in the zone file above:

; 
; BIND reverse zone file for geoffke.be 
; 
@ IN SOA ns1.geoffke.be. admin.geoffke.be. ( 
                        2011072601; Serial 
                        28800; 
                        604800; 
                        604800; 
                        86400 
) 

; IP addresses of local hosts (replace the lines with your own hosts): 
        IN      NS      ns1.geoffke.be. 
1       IN      PTR     router.geoffke.be 
2       IN      PTR     geoffke.be 
3       IN      PTR     www.geoffke.be 
4       IN      PTR     mediacenter.geoffke.be 
5       IN      PTR     laptop1.geoffke.be 
6       IN      PTR     workstation1.geoffke.be

6. Edit the named.conf.local file:

and add the following:

zone geoffke.be { 
        type master; 
        file "/etc/bind/db.geoffke.be"; 
}; 

zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa { 
        type master; 
        file "/etc/bind/rev.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; 
};

7. Configure your clients:

domain <yourdomain.ext> 
search <yourdomain.ext> 
nameserver <ip_of_dns_server_1> 
nameserver <ip_of_dns_server_2> 
nameserver <ip_of_dns_server_3>

If you have only one DNS server, you could use the following example:

domain geoffke.be 
search geoffke.be 
nameserver 192.168.1.2 
nameserver 192.168.1.1

8. Test your DNS server:
Be sure that all of your hosts DNS settings on your clients point to your new DNS server before testing! Reload bind to accept the changes:

sudo service bind9 reload

Test your server with:

Source code

dig example.com

If your server doesn't respond correctly, you can check the logs to see what is causing the problem.

Source code

tail -f /var/log/syslog

CREATE A YUM REPOSITORY LOCALLY

2012-03-03T22:11:00.000-08:00

Mount your CD/DVD or ISO images

DVD Disk or DVD ISO image

If you have DVD disk, please mount dvd-rom first, and then create yum repository:

# mkdir /mnt/dvd/
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/dvd/

If you use DVD iso, please copy it to the system, and then create yum repository:

# mkdir /mnt/dvd/
# mount -o loop /root/rhel5.1-dvd.iso /mnt/dvd

CD images

If you have multiple CD image files, you should mount all iso images and then create yum repository.

Mount all iso images:

# mkdir -p /mnt/{1,2,3,4,5}
# mount -o loop rhel5.1-disc1.iso /mnt/1
# mount -o loop rhel5.1-disc2.iso /mnt/2
# mount -o loop rhel5.1-disc3.iso /mnt/3
# mount -o loop rhel5.1-disc4.iso /mnt/4
# mount -o loop rhel5.1-disc5.iso /mnt/5

Install necessary package

Find and install 'createrepo' package in /mnt directory:

# find /mnt -iname 'createrepo*'
/mnt/dvd/Server/createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh /mnt/dvd/Server/createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpm

Create yum repository

Create metadata

Create yum repository:

# cd /mnt/
# createrepo .

Define yum repository

Create yum repository define file /etc/yum.repos.d/dvdiso.repo:

[ANYNAME]
name=ANYNAME
baseurl=file:///mnt/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

Test it

# yum clean all
# yum list

ಥಾಟ್ಸ್ ಇಟ್ ಡನ್

Editing or Adding Grub 2 Menu Entries

2012-02-22T22:49:00.000-08:00

Open these three entering via terminal

$ sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

$ sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/40_custom

$ sudo gedit /boot/grub.cfg

From the grub.conf copy the content which starts from
#BEGIN
menuentry

After u done that you run the command :

$ sudo update-grub

Kirthan Shetty

Add a User To Group Linux

Add a existing user to existing group :

Errr 'mongo.js:L112 Error: couldn't connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:L112'

Backup (mysql dump) all your MySQL databases in separate files

HOW TO CREATE SSL SELF SIGNED CERTIFICATE ( UBUNTU )

About SSL Certificates

Set Up

Step One—Activate the SSL Module

Step Two—Create a New Directory

Step Three—Create a Self Signed SSL Certificate

Step Four—Set Up the Certificate

Step Five—Activate the New Virtual Host

INITIAL BEANSTALK GIT COMMIT TO MASTER BRANCH

Getting Started with Git & Creating your Repository

Start using Git

Starting from scratch

Import existing files on your computer

Installing Redmine on CentOS 6.2

Pre-requisites

Install Redmine

Install Redmine ruby dependencies

Database creation

Redmine database configuration

Outgoing email configuration (Optional)

Redmine standalone testing

Passenger installation

Apache configuration

Start services at boot

Cleaning up

Tips

Kill process in Linux or terminate a process in Linux systems

Kill process using kill command under Linux/UNIX

Step #1: First, you need to find out process PID (process id)

Step #2: kill process using PID (process id)

killall command examples

Installing Zend Server Community Edition (CE) on Ubuntu

nohup Execute Commands After You Exit From a Shell Prompt

nohup command :

nohup Syntax:

Reverse proxy on virtualhost

Backup and Restore MySQL Database Using mysqldump Command

Access files from password proctected site

How do I enable server-side includes on my site ?

How do I enable server-side includes on my site ?

#cd /to/your/site/folder

#vi .htaccess

and paste the below content in that

thats it done .

Back up files in linux

Creating user in Phpmyadmin using SQL

INSTALL MONGODB ON UBUNTU

ENABLE IP FORWORDING (RHEL ,CENT OS)

ACL (access control list)

To remove only the tables in DB :

Go to terminal and excute the bellow command with your database username ,databasename , and password :

mysqldump -u username -p --no-data dbname | grep ^DROP > drop.sql

mysql -u username -p dbname < drop.sql

rm drop.txt

To find which version of linux OS installed

.htaccess Proctection

IP address restrictions to protect directories using .htaccess

Folder proctection using .htaccess this is only for linux users

Creating Vhosts in Ubuntu

Steps for Creating Vhosts in Ubuntu :

Create DNS server in Ubuntu version

Source code

Source code

CREATE A YUM REPOSITORY LOCALLY

Mount your CD/DVD or ISO images

DVD Disk or DVD ISO image

CD images

Install necessary package

Create yum repository

Create metadata

Define yum repository

Test it

Editing or Adding Grub 2 Menu Entries