knowledge information technology

Fuzzy Logic

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 07:54:00 +0000

* Understanding Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy logic is an appropriate way to map an input space into an output space, with the methodology of solving problems with thousands of applications stored in the controlling and information processing. Fuzzy Logic provides a simple way to describe certain conclusions from the information ambiguous, vague - vague, or inappropriate. In a sense, fuzzy logic resembles human decision making with the ability to work from the interpreted data and finding the right solution.
Fuzzy logic is basically a much valued logic (multivalued logic) that can define the value of conventional circumstances, such as yes or no, right or wrong, black or white, and so forth. Fuzzy reasoning provides a way to understand the performance of the system by assessing the input and output system from the observations.

* History of Fuzzy Logic

In conventional logic truth value must have a condition that is true or false (true or false), with no conditions in between. This principle was put forward by Aristotle some 2000 years ago as a law of excluded Middle and legal logic has dominated the thinking until recently. But, of course thinking about the conventional logic with a definite truth value that is right or wrong in real life is not perfect. Fuzzy logic (fuzzy logic) is a logic that can represent the situation existing in the real world.
On the set of fuzzy logic theory was first proposed by Prof.. Lofti Zadeh around the year 1965 in a paper entitled "Fuzzy Sets'. He argues that the logic of right and wrong from boolean logic / conventional can not resolve problems in the real world. After that, since the mid-1970s, Japanese researchers have succeeded in applying this theory to practical problems. Unlike Boolean logic, fuzzy logic has a continuous value. Samar expressed in degrees of membership and a degree of truth. Therefore, something can be said to partly right and partly wrong at the same time. Set theory an individual can have a degree of membership with continuous values, not just 0 and 1 (Zadeh, 1965 in Asta, D.,: 2002).
With fuzzy logic set theory, we can represent and handle the problems to no certainty that in this case could mean doubt, inappropriate, inadequate information, and the truth which is partly (Altrock: 1997). In the real world, we often face a problem that information is very difficult to translate into a formula or numbers are accurate because the information is qualitative (can not be measured quantitatively).

* Reason Using Fuzzy Logic

A variety of reasons many people using fuzzy logic:

* The concept of fuzzy logic is easily understood. The underlying mathematical concept of fuzzy reasoning is very simple and easily understood.
* Fuzzy Logic is very flexible.
* Fuzzy Logic has a tolerance of data that is not appropriate.
* Fuzzy logic can model nonlinear functions are very complex.
* Fuzzy Logic can build and apply the experiences of experts directly without having to go through the training process.
* To be working with fuzzy logic techniques in the conventional control.
* Fuzzy logic is based on natural language.
* The set of fuzzy

Fuzzy sets: a group representing a condition under certain circumstances in a fuzzy variable
have two possibilities, namely:

* • One (1), which means that an item becomes a member in a set, or
* • Zero (0), which means that an item does not become a member in a set
*
* The set of fuzzy has two attributes:

* Linguistics, which is naming a group representing a particular state or condition by using natural language, such as: YOUNG, PAROBAYA, TUA
* Numerical, that is a value (number) that shows the size of a variable such as: 40, 25, 35
* Fuzzy Inference System

Fuzzy Inference System (Fuzzy Inference System / FIS) is also called fuzzy inference engine is a system that can perform reasoning with principles similar to humans do reasoning with her instincts.
There are several types of FIS which is a known Mamdani, Sugeno and Tsukamoto. FIS is the most easily understood, because most suited to the human instinct is the Mamdani FIS. FIS is working based on linguistic rules and has a fuzzy algorithm that provides an approximation to enter mathematical analysis.
Processes in the FIS is shown on the input provided to the FIS is a certain number and the output must also be a certain number. The rules in the language of linguistics can be used as an input that is accurate must be converted first, then perform reasoning based on rules and reasoning to convert these results into output that is accurate.
Our group will discuss the Fuzzy Inference System using Mamdani method.

* Mamdani Method

In this model, fuzzy rules are defined as:
IF x1 is A1 AND ... .. AND xn is An THEN y is B
where: A1, ... .., An, and B are linguistic values (or fuzzy sets) and "x1 is A1" states that the variable x1 is a member of the fuzzy sets A1.
Mamdani method is often known by the name of Max-Min method. This method was introduced by Ebrahim Mamdani in 1975.Untuk get the output required four stages:

* Establishment of fuzzy set

In the Mamdani method, both input and output variables are divided into one or more fuzzy.

* Application of the implication function

In the Mamdani method, the implication function used is the Min.

* Composition rules

Unlike monotonic reasoning, if the system consists of several rules, the inference obtained from the collection and correlation between the rules. There are three methods used in performing fuzzy inference systems, namely:

* Method Max (Maximum)

In this method, the solution fuzzy set is obtained by taking the maximum value of the rule, then use it to modify the fuzzy areas, and applying it to the output by using the OR operator (union). If all propositions have been evaluated, the output will contain a fuzzy set that reflected the contribution of each proposition. Generally it can be written as follows:
msf [xi] = max (msf [xi], mkf [xi]) with:
msf [xi] = membership value of fuzzy solution to the i-th rule
mkf [ix] = value of the consequences of fuzzy membership to the i-th rule

* Additive Method (sum)

In this method, the solution fuzzy set is obtained by means of bounded-sum of all output fuzzy region.
Generally written:
msf [ix] = min (1, msf [xi] + mkf [xi]) with:
msf [xi] = membership value of fuzzy solution to the i-th rule
mkf [ix] = value consequent fuzzy membership to the i-th rule

* Method Probalistik OR (probor)

In this method, the solution fuzzy set is obtained by doing the product of all output fuzzy region. Generally written:
msf [xi] = (msf [xi] + mkf [xi]) - (msf [xi] * mkf [xi]) with:
msf [xi] = membership value of fuzzy solution to the i-th rule
mkf [ix] = value consequent fuzzy membership to the i-th rule

* The assertion (defuzzy)

Input from defuzzy process is a fuzzy set obtained from the composition atuan fuzzy rules, while the output is a fuzzy set of numbers in it. So if given a fuzzy set in a certain range, it must be taken a certain crisp value as output.

Fuzzy

The most popular technique is the centroid technique. This method to find center of gravity (COG) of the aggregate set:

Centre of gravity (COG): finding a solution to the point that divides the area into two equal parts
Defuzzy is a mechanism to convert or change the results of the fuzzy output into a coherent output nonfuzzy. Output in the form of fuzzy results can not be directly used. In theory, fuzzy logic, there are several methods used defuzzy, namely:

* Center of Gravity

In this method, the crisp output is obtained by taking a regional center that covered the fuzzy membership function (z ') or can be written with the equation:

(2:19)
Center of gravity method surplus assertion lies in the results an acceptable reason (intutive plausibility), while the drawbacks lies in the intensive computational requirements.

* Center of Average

In this method, the crisp output is obtained by taking a weighted average of the center w of n fuzzy sets. Crisp output can be mathematically defined by:

(2:20)
Assertion method of average or centroid center is the most widely used method in fuzzy systems and fuzzy control. In computing, this method is easier and more sensible.

* Bisector

In this method, the crisp output is obtained by taking the value on the domain which has a fuzzy membership value of half of the total value of membership in the fuzzy area or can be written:
zp

such that (2.21)

* MOM (Mean of Maximum)

In this meode, crisp output is obtained by taking the average value of B domain which has a maximum value kenggotaan. Crisp output can be mathematically defined by:

(2:22)

* LOM (Largest of Maximum)

In this meode, crisp output is obtained by taking the largest value of B domain which has a maximum value kenggotaan. Crisp output can be mathematically defined by:

(2:23)

* SOM (Smallest of Maximum)

In this method, the crisp output is obtained by taking the smallest value of B domain which has a maximum value kenggotaan. Crisp output can be mathematically defined by:

(2:24)

What is a programming language? and Various Kinds of Programming Languages

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 07:22:00 +0000

Programming language is the standard communication techniques to express instructions to the computer. Like human language, every language has certain rules of grammar and writing. Programming language to facilitate a proper programmer specify what data is being done by the computer next, how the data is stored and transmitted, and what will be done if the conditions are varied. Programming languages can be classified into low-level, middle, and high level. The shift from low to high level indicates the proximity of the "human language".

Various Kinds of Programming Languages

Programming Language

1. LANGUAGE C

1.1 History of Language C

Root of the C language is the language BCPL, developed by "Grandpa" Martin Richar in 1967. This language gives the idea to "Uncle" Ken Thompson, who later developed a language I would call a language B in 1970. The later development of language B is a C language by the "Bang" denies Ricthie around the 1970s at Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc. (Now is the AT & T Bell Laboratories). C language was first used in digital computer equipment Corportaion PDP-11 that uses the UNIX operating system.

The popularity of the C language which sold well emang boiled peanuts are rich already, make versions of this language made for a lot of micro computers. To create these versions of the standard, ANSI (American National Standards Institute) to make committee sualtu

(ANSI Committee X3J11) in 1983 which then set the ANSI standard for the language C. This ANSI standard was based from an extended UNIX standard.

ANSI rests set as many as 32 fruits standard key words.

C language is not an OOP (Object Oriented Programming), Stripping Languange, or Visual programming. Klo diibaratin human ama ni C language also has the same shortcomings of weakness .....

2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages

Pros:

Language C is available to almost all types of computers

C language is a computer language koputer yag available both in the micro as well as in large computer (mainframe computer).

C language code is the portable nature

Application written in C for a particular computer can be used on other computers with only a little modification.

Language C only provides a few keywords.

We have noted that the ANSI standard C language only requires as many as 32 key words and key turbo only provides 39 key words. Let us bandingin with other languages that emang nyediain hundreds of key words. The fewer the keywords used by a language, the easier for the user created equal ngegunain learn the language.

C language program executable process faster

Because the C language philosofi which was just set aside some key words, then the consequences of the results of the program can compile the C language dimasing will own a relatively faster process compared with results from other languages.

Support the library lot

It has been mentioned that the reliability achieved by the C language functions libraries. This library functions provided by the C language versions of each, or can be purchased from other sources. Thousands of C library functions have been available on the market today, ranging from library functions simple to complex, such as it Functions libraries to create an index of the database file using B + tree is used in dBASE.

C is a structured language

C language has a good structure so it is easy to understand. C disubut with language that is structured by using these functions as part of programs. A good structure of the C language will, in addition to easy to learn, and also facilitate in making the program, facilitate the tracking error menghasailkan aka da program a good program documentation.

Disadvantages:

Number of Operators and the flexibility of writing courses are sometimes confusing users.

For beginners in general will have difficulty using a pointer

1.3 C Language Application

C language was first used in the Computer Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 that uses the UNIX operating system

Language C is also used to compile the Linux operating

Many popular programming languages such as PHP and Java using the basic syntax of the language like C.

Example program:

# Include

# Include

void main ()

(

long int D;

unsign long int Start, B;

clrscr ();

printf ("Enter Integer Value?");

scanf ("% 1d, & D");

printf ("
");

printf ("Value binaries are:");

start = pow (2, sizeof (D) * 8-1);

for (B = Beginning; B> 0, B = B / 2)

if (D & B) == B) printf ("a");

else printf ("0");

printf ("
");

printf ("Value =% 1x Heksadesimalnya
", D)

)

2. C + +

1.1 History

Starting early in 1980, Bjarne Stroustrup of AT & T Bell Laboratories began to develop the language C. In 1985, the new language was officially born product of the development known as C and C + +. Actually C + + language has two stages of evolution. C + + The first, released by AT & T Laboratories, named cfront. C + + version of this ancient form only compiler that translates C + + became the language C.

In subsequent evolution, Borland International Inc.. C + + compiler developed into a compiler that can convert C + + directly into machine language (assembly). Since this evolution, starting in 1990 C + + object-oriented language being used by most professional programmers.

2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages

C + + that's basically the C language is also, well the main C capability that is like:

Ø able to access the computer hardware components with a syntax that is more humane than his Assembly Language Standard.

Ø ANSI can be used in different platforms

Ø The program speed as compared with the same program made in other languages, relatively faster ...

further

excess of C + + includes all the advantages of C but with major enhancements such as for example the handling of complexity with OOP

Disadvantages:

One weakness is the lack of C + + libraries built in, so that for certain processes we need to create a program built from scratch nearly, or from the most basic. Moreover C + + language today is less so popular because we are still thinking about the programming of machines rather than thinking about probis (business process) that should be our goal.

2.3 C + + Applications

As a programming language in Windows, UNIX, Linux.

Visual C + + can be made any applications such as databases.

Language for making operating systems, gaming, control systems, manufacturing applications

To create a new language or create a new language compiler

To write a component and library files of other languages

Example program:

# Include

int main ()

(

int n;

court <<"Enter the starting number>";

cin>> n;

while (n> 0) (

court <<> 8

8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, FIRE!

3. JAVA

1.3 History

Start Java was released in 1990 as a programming language called Oak, The Sun MycroSystem establish a working group consisting of qualified programmers to create new products and expand market Sun.Oak first designed for personal digital assistance called * 7 which will be marketed Sun Graphical User Interface facilities.

Apparently * 7 was never marketed and coincidentally Sun formed a company called FirstPerson to develop * 7 in the form of TV set-top boxes for interactive television. Because competition is so tight, the prospect of interactive TV finally decreased and finally Oak does not sell well in the market. But since FirstPerson and Oak failures rise of the Internet pioneers, especially the World Wide Web such as Netscape to start making software that allows the connection between the Internet with the WWW. Sun finally realized that Oak has a great chance to make an access point to the Web. Not long after Oak was launched on the Internet with a new name, namely Java.

Right now Java is still in early stages of development and have started to influence the direction of the computer programming and Java programming internet.Bahasa released for free on the internet and Sun give full license to the implementation of the Java and all its components for use in a variety of software vendors with the expectation that the Internet can create a standard for web programming.

Java is a pure object-oriented programming language based on the best capabilities before the object programming language (C + +, Ada, Simula).

2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages

Pros:

Simple and Powerful

We can learn to program with Java quickly if you already understand the basic concepts of object-oriented programming is only necessary to understand some concepts to be able to write a satisfactory program. Java does not have things that are surprising and strange. Unlike other programming language that offers dozens of ways to do one pekerjan, but all it takes precision and a high level of complexity.

Safely

Most security problems, especially Internet networking applications generated from the old system because the system was not designed with the concept of Internet security. One of the key design principles of Java is safety and security. Java never had the facilities and security that is not secure until the need to be addressed specifically for security. Therefore, Java programs can not call functions globally and gain access to various sources in the system because there are a number of monitoring by the Java program that can not be performed by another system.

Object Oriented

Java not revealed any programming language, is also completely incompatible with everything. This is because of freedom in the design of the chosen approach is clearly useful, and pragmatic. Java object module is a simple and easy to develop but in line with that, numbers and other simple data types are considered as non-high performance object. Most other object-oriented systems choose a rigid hierarchy of objects and unruly or choose to use the dynamic object model that does not have high performance and completeness. Java once again have a balance that provides a mechanism-class lawyer's simple with an intuitive dynamic interface model only if necessary. Understanding object-oriented programming style is very important and helps to learn how to program with Java.

Disadvantages:

Java has a speed of less than C + + language

Implementation of J2ME is not global. For example, J2ME for Motorola with J2ME for Sony Ericsson is not the same. Unlike more J2ME for Nokia. Every product always has a separate module which is considered odd application and should be compiled with different modules.

Java takes a lot of computer memory

Java is a complex and difficult language to learn

Program created by this language more slowly than programs created with other languages like C or C + +.

3.3 Application of Java language

Network Programming

Making windows based application

Programs to make the web

Example sitaks repetition or looping on the Java language using While:

Writing mode:

while (condition)

statement;

Example:

while (count <= 10) ( System.out.println ("count is not over 10"); ) Basic 4.Visual 4.1 History "Uncle" Bill Gates, Microsoft founder, started the software industry by developing the basic language interpreters for the Altair 8800, for then he changed to run on the IBM PC with DOS operating system. The next development is the launch of BASICA (basic-advanced) for DOS. After BASICA, Microsoft launched Microsoft's QuickBasic and Microsoft Basic (also known as Basic Compiler). History in the hands of Microsoft BASIC as the language is being interpreted (BASICA) and also a compiled language (BASCOM) makes Visual Basic is implemented as a combination of both. Programmers who use Visual Basic can choose the compiled code or code should be interpreted as a result of the executable from VB code. Unfortunately, despite already compiled a machine language, the DLL named MSVBVMxx.DLL still needed. However, the characteristics of the compiled language still appear (it is faster than if we use terinterpretasi mode). Visual Basic is a language that supports OOP, but not entirely. Some characteristics of the object can not be done in Visual Basic, such as Inheritance can not be done in a class module. Limited polymorphism can be done by declaring a class module that has a specific interface. Visual Basic (VB) is not case sensitive. Also Visual Basic also supports Visual Programming 2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages: Pros: Commands in VB language is also very complete and in VB we can easily create a program without having to type in another programming language, but simply designed interface / display program in VB Editor superbly available. The most interesting part of VB ActiveX in particular is the availability of facilities. ActiveX is a program / facility that we can add input / load into a VB VB so the facility and the ability to continue to rise. Jam it if we want to create a button, others you must create a code that long just to make buttons. Besides the source code, VB OCX can be obtained on the internet very much. Disadvantages: In excess of course a piece of software has a weakness, weakness of VB VB does not have the database itself and usually VB using databases such as: mysql, sql server, microsoft access. Besides not having their own database of VB does not have support for creating reports of congenital VB itself, but together with a vb other software eg Crystal Report or Microsoft access to build a report. 3.4 Application in Visual Basic Ø Network Programming Ø Making windows based application Ø Programs to make the web Example program: Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To 3 Console.Write ("*") Next 5. Ruby language 5.1 History Ruby is a scripting programming language is object oriented. The purpose of the ruby is to combine all the advantages of scripting programming languages in the world. Ruby written in C with basic skills such as Perl and Python. Ruby was first created by a Japanese programmer named Yukihiro Matsumoto. Writing Ruby began in February 1993 and in December 1994 released the alpha version of ruby. In the early development of Ruby, Yukihiro meulis Ruby itself until the year 1996 formed a community that many mengkotribusikan Ruby Ruby. 5.2. Advantages and Disadvantages Pros: Ø simple syntax Ø Have a good Exception Handling Ø OOP Ø Single inheritance Ø Supported by Linux OS, Windows, MacOS X, OS / 2, BeOS, and Unix. Ø scripting programming language is object oriented Ø Having a garbage collector that automatically removes unwanted information from the memory Weaknesses: Ø Multithreading. Implementation is still a thread in ruby green thread, not a native thread. This makes the application GUI (desktop) with a background thread can not be implemented in ruby. Ø Virtual Memory, still fully Interpreted ruby ruby so that programs tend to be slow. Ø Spek. ruby current specification (syntax, behavior, etc.) is the original implementation of Matz ruby. Ø IDE. Currently the quality IDE for ruby is still far than the. Net and java. But with IDE ruby bermunculnya made with java.net, conditions are somewhat changed. But because the ruby language is very dynamic, it is difficult to get comprehensive information about the structure of a ruby program statically. Ruby 5.3 Applications Ø The implementation of Ruby on JRuby and Rubinius Ø Ruby can be applied to Asynchronous JavaScript and XML technologies (AJAX). Ø Ruby on Rails to create web framework Examples of programs: > To repeat

#! / Usr / bin / ruby

count = 0

while count <10

puts "count =" + count.to_s

count + = 1

end

Source:

Concept Books Language C Programming Language by Jogianto Hartono, MBA, Ph.D.

www.wikipedia.com

http://buletin.melsa.net.id/okt/1020/bahasa-java.html

http://sangmurid.blogsome.com/2007/05/02/2-kelebihan-dan-kekurangan

http://zezitomartins.blogspot.com/2008/10/oop-bahasa-programing-prosedur.html

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 06:56:00 +0000

A.DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
One type of application system which is very popular among corporate management is a Decision Support System or abbreviated as DSS. DSS represents an information system that is expected to assist management in decision-making process. Things that need to be emphasized here is that the presence of DSS is not to replace the manager duties, but to be the supporting infrastructure (tools) for them. DSS is actually the implementation of the decision-making theories that telahdi introduced by sciences such as operations research and management science.Hanya difference is that if the first to seek settlement of their problems computation iterations must be performed manually (usually to find the minimum value, maximum, or optimum), the current PC has offered the ability to solve the same problem in a relatively short time.

In both fields above, the known terms of decision modeling, decision theory, dandecision analysis - which is essentially represent the management problems faced every day in the form of quantitative (eg in the form of mathematical models). Classic examples of problems in this field adalahlinear programming, gaming's theory, transportation problems, inventory systems, decision tree, and so forth. Of the many classical problems that are often encountered in activities of daily business, some dapatdengan easily simulated and solved by using formulas or simple formulas. But many problems are very rumitsehingga require sophisticated computer.

Sprague and Carlson DSS defines quite well, as the system has five main characteristics (Sprague et.al., 1993):

1) computer-based system;

2) Is used to help decision-makers;

3) To break down complex problems kanmasalah the "impossible" was done by manual calculations;

4) By way of an interactive simulation;

5) Where the data and analytical models as the main component.

6) Characteristics 4dan 5 is a new facility offered by the DSS recent progress in accordance with the latest developments in computer devices.

Concept of DSS:

- HERBERTSIMON: the distinction between decisions that in-program or not programmed, and the phases of decision-making

- GORRY & MICHAEL ANTHONY G. S. Scott Morton: the creation of lattice for the structure and level of management problems

- STEVENALTER: empirical support for the establishment of the basic topology DSS

1. DSS is devoted to support the manager:

• semi-structured problem solving,

• more emphasis on effectiveness than efficiency

2. DSS provides information for problem solving and communication skills.

3. Information obtained from: regular and special reports, output of mathematical models and expert system output.

4. Communication is done when a manager to do problem solving group.

B. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM COMPONENTS

o mathematical modeling is an integral component of profitable DSS managers (although it still contained a few flaws)

o Computer graphics: a study based graphics suitable to a particular situation; on the situation graph more effectively than others.

Overall DSS was built by the three major components:

1) Database

2) Base Model

3) Software System

Database system contains a collection of all the company's business data, both derived from daily transactions, as well as basic data (master files). For the purposes of the DSS, the necessary data relevant to the problems to be solved through simulations.

The second component is a Base model or a model that represents the problem into a quantitative format (mathematical model for example) as the basis of simulations or decision-making, including the purpose of the problem (objective), related components, the existing constraints (constraints ), and other related matters.

The second component is to further united in the third component (software system), having previously represented in the model that "understood" the computer. An example is the use of techniques RDBMS (Relational Database Management System), OODBMS (Object Oriented Database Management System) to model data structures. While MBMS (Model Base Management System) is used to present their solutions to search problems. Other entities are contained in the new DSS products are DGMS (Dialog Generation and Management System), which is a system to allow the "dialogue" between computer and human interactive (the user) as decision makers.

C. DSS KINDS

DSS applications are offered in the market is very diverse, from the most simple (and quick-hit DSS) to very complex (Institutional DSS). "Quick-Hit DSS" is typically intended for new managers learn to use the DSS (as the development of the type of reporting provided by MIS = Management Information System, satulevel system under DSS). Usually the problem is quite simple (simple) and required immediate resolution. For example for the need for reporting (report) or information retrieval (query). The same system is also used to make an ordinary simple analysis. Examples are seeing the impact that occurred in a formulation, if the variables or parameters are changed. Inside the company, the DSS of this type are usually implemented in an organization that can function stand-alone (based on data owned by that organization functions). Example is the DSS to prepare the annual budget, DSS for employee salary increases, the DSS to determine the amount of overtime hours employees, and others.

'Institutional DSS "is an application built by business experts and experts in the DSS. In accordance with its name, the DSS of this type are usually working at the company level, where data are owned by their respective organizations have integrated functions (created structures and connections are defined terms).

An example is the DSS to predict revenue in the future (forecasting) that will simulate the data derived from the Sales Division, Marketing Division, Logistics Division and Operations Division. Examples of implementations that are not less interesting is a system, whereby if the management has plans to layoff a few employees, will be able to simulate the impact on the balance sheet profit and loss firms. Examples of application of other DSS's most widely used in the business world is for the purposes of analysis, marketing, logistics and distribution operations, and the problems associated with finance and accounting (Taxation, budgeting, etc..).

A. GRAPH-BASED SYSTEM

In merepresenasikan DSS so you can easily be used and understood by all users (in this case is the manager of the company), the absolute graphics format used to complement the existing text. Examples of popular graphical models used are as follows:

ü Time SeriesCharts - to see the impact of a variable versus time;

ü Bar-Charts to compare the performance of several entities;

Pie Charts ü-to see the composition or the percentage of a thing;

ü ScatteredDiagrams - to analyze the relationship between several variables;

ü Maps - to represent geographic data;

ü Layouts - to describe the location of physical goods, such as in buildings and offices;

Hierarchy Charts ü-to describe the organizational structure;

ü-Sequence Charts to represent something with the logic that tersetruktur (examples are flowchart diagrams); and

ü Motion Graphics-to show a behavior of the variables observed by the animation.

The types of the graph above can usually be displayed in two formats: two dimensidan three dimensions.

B. DSS DEVELOPMENT

DSS is currently popular for use are based on tables or spreadsheets, because managers are used to read data in this way. The table here is the media manager in "mengkutak-katik" (replace or modify) an existing variable, where the results will be displayed in graphical formats that have been described previously. For this purpose, usually a stand-alone PC is enough to implemented the mentasikannya.Sejalan with developments in information technology, has offered many DSS applications that work within the network infrastructure (LAN, WAN, Intranet, Internet, etc..). Some managers attributed the decision maker with one another via a computer network, so that they can exchange a stream of data and information for decision making. Even the existing DSS yangdiperlengkapi with expert system (based on artificial intelligence theory = artifial intelligence), so that business decisions can be made directly by the computer, without human intervention.

C. PURPOSE DSS (Peter G. W. Keen & Scott Morton)

a) Assist the manager to make decisions for dealing with semi-structured,

b) Supporting the consideration of the manager, not as a substitute for consideration of managers,

c) Improve the effectiveness of managers in making decisions (not efficiency).

Three Principles of the Basic Concept of DSS:

1. Problem Structure: Problems in the form of structured or unstructured difficult to find, the majority of semi-structured form of the DSS is aimed at the area where many of the problems found.

2. Decision Support: DSS is not a substitute manager

• Computers used for any portion of a structured problem, was the manager responsible for the portion of unstructured problems (with applications consideration, intuition, or analysis).

• Computer & Managers as problem-solving teams in semi-structured problems.

3. Decision Effectiveness Ù benefitfrom using DSS is playing better decisions

• Not always the best decision; in many cases where managers decide the best alterternatif.

• Additional time for the optimum solution with increasing precision is not worth much.

• Managers use considerations (judgment) to determine manayang decisions contribute to the solutions.

Figure 1. DSS focus on Semi-Structured Problems

These types of decisions

• Decisions are programmed (structure)

- Created by customs, rules, procedures, written or not

- Form a routine, repetitive

• Decisions are not programmed (not structured)

- Regarding the special problems, unique, unusual

- Policies that are not answered

Mis.Pengalokasian resources

CONCLUSION

From the explanation, it can be concluded that the DSS is:

· Sistember basiskomputer

· System that produces a variety of alternative decision

· System that helps decision makers (decision maker)

· System that solves the problem of semi / unstructured

· System that uses data, databases, and model makers.

Various kinds of protocols in the network known

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 06:09:00 +0000

Protocol is the main rules governing the communication between multiple computers on a network, including the rules applicable guidelines for the ways or methods of accessing a network, physical topology, the types of cables and the speed of data transfer.

Known protocols are as follows:

1. Ethernet
2. Local Talk
3. Token Ring
4. FDDI
5. ATM

Ethernet

Ethernet protocol is by far the most widely used, the Ethernet access method called CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection). This is a system where each computer listens to the cable network before sending anything into it. If there is no activity in a tissue or clean the computer will transmit the data, if any other transmissions on the cable, the computer will
wait and will try to re-transmission if the network is clean.
Sometimes, two computers can transmit at the same time, when this happens, each computer will be back and will wait
random chance to transmit data back. This method is known
with the coalition, and will not effect the speed of transmission on the network.
The Ethernet protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree. Data can be transmitted over twisted pair cable, coaxial, or fiber optic cable at speeds of 10 Mbps.

LocalTalk

talkLocalTalk local network which is a protocol developed by Applem Computer, Inc.. for Macintosh machines. The method used by LocalTalk is CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance). Similar to the CSMA / CD .. LocalTalk adapters and cables

special twisted pair can be used to connect multiple computers

through serial port. Macintosh Operating System is a network connection enables peer-to-peer without the need for additional specific applications

LocalTalk protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree model using twisted pair cables. The most glaring deficiency is the speed of transmission. Transmission speed of only 230 Kbps.

Ring Token

Token Token ringProtokol developed by IBM in mid-1980. The access methods through the passage of a token in a circle like a ring. In token ring, the computers are connected to each other like a ring. A token moves signal rotates in a circle (ring) in a network and moving from one computer to the next computer, if at a stopover in one of the computer there was data to be transmitted, the token will transport it to where it wanted addressed data, token moves on to connect to each other between each computer.
Token Ring protocol requires a network model Stars using twisted pair cable or fiber optic cable. And can perform the transmission speed of 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps. Along with the development of Ethernet, Token Ring usage dwindled until now.

FDDI

fddiFiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a network protocol

linking between two or more networks even at great distances

. Aksesnyayang method used by FDDI is a token model. FDDI uses two physical ring topology. Transmission process baiasanya

using a single ring, but if there is a problem is found it will automatically use the second ring. An advantage of the FDDI

is the speed by using a fiber optic cable at 100 Mbps speed.

ATM

atmATM stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a network protocol that transmits at speeds of 155 Mbps or more. Mentarnsmisikan ATM data into a single package where another transfer protocol on the big-small package. ATM supports various media such as videos, CD-audio, and pictures. ATM working on Star topology models, using fiber optic cable or twisted pair cables. ATMs are generally used to connect two or more LANs. He is also widely used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to increase speed Internet access for their clients.

Conclusion to the Protocol:

Protokol yang di Pakai	Kabel yang digunakan
Ethernet	Twisted Pair, Coaxial,Fiber	10 Mbps	Linear Bus, Star,Tree
Fast Ethernet	Twisted Pair, Fiber	100 Mbps	Star
LocalTalk	Twisted Pair	0.23 Mbps	Linear Bus or Star
Token Ring	Twisted Pair	4 Mbps - 16 Mbps	Star-Wired Ring
FDDI	Fiber	100 Mbps	Dual ring
ATM	Twisted Pair, Fiber	155-2488 Mbps	Linear Bus, Star,Tree

How to Become a blogger Changing SEO Friendly Title

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Sat, 05 Jun 2010 23:25:00 +0000

This is an example on blogspot who has not been modified, less friendly title like this if the title of a long article and added title panjag blog, the result is seen later on is just not the title of blog post title. If you look like that then certainly less than perfect. So I will give you the basic code for changing the title to make it more SEO friendly.
Simply login on your blog and select the blog you will titlenya fox, then select edit HTML Jagan forgot to give the check Expand Widget Templates.
If you are looking for this code <title><data:blog.title/></title>
situated at the top, if it is replace the code with the code below:
<b:ifcond='data:blog.pageType == "index"'>
<title><b:else/>
<title><data:blog.pageName/></title></b:if>

Changing the Favicon in the Address Bar Blogger

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Sat, 05 Jun 2010 22:55:00 +0000

Instead ga know thanks to bloggers who have made the bloggernya nyediain free services this blog, but changes to the bloggers who nyampe extreem's degree preferred the web (blog) free master Unlike other blog services are sometimes many limitations: it can ga, it prohibited. But everything seemed all-okeh bloggers. Whatever freedom of expression by altering even display the logo remains blogspot's name alongside the names of the passengers in bloggernya unless it freedomain.co.nr. One expression is old enough emang've known the other bloggers are bloggers such as replacing the favicon image favicon beside it with our own homemade but for newcomers this is a new item. Below are my tips for how do I change the favicon favicon bloggers with our own homemade.

First, create your own personal favicon used in adobe photoshop to appear in the address bar. Favicon have size 0:42 x 0:42 cm or a little bit of magnitude 0.71 x 0.71 cm made CompuServe or GIF format let the small size of the image under 2kb but also JPG apa2 ga.

Second, upload your favicon to a free image server like photobucket.com, picasa.google.com, or servimg.com can also keep in googlepages.com. Up to Direct links - Image url, in other words we have a favicon address on one of the servers above. Example for my icon -> <- the URL in GooglePages http://i291.photobucket.com/albums/ll301/mohsofyan/ryans/postdateicon-1.pn.

Third, copy the code below,

<linkhref="'http://i291.photobucket.com/albums/ll301/mohsofyan/ryans/postdateicon-1.png'" rel="'icon'" type="'image/png/ico/gif'/">

(Replace my image url with your image url) Save this code in your blog edit html store under above <![CDATA [/ * Click on SAVE. Look at your blog!

Good luck!

KNOW TECHNOLOGY Android

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Sat, 05 Jun 2010 02:44:00 +0000

GOOGLE AS A DEVELOPER Android

Abstract:

Android is a software platform for mobile devices powered by Google OS, originally developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance. This allows the developers to write managed code in the Java language, the control device through the Google developed Java libraries. Applications written in C and other languages can be compiled to ARM native code and running, but the construction of this road is not officially supported by Google.

Android is an open operating system intended for mobile devices (mobile device). Dikembagkan by the Open Handset Alliance, which consists of software developers, hardware and providers such as Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile, and NVIDIA which aims to create an open standard for mobile devices (mobile device). As of July 2005 had been acquired by google android on 5 November 2007 and then officially released by Google's Android. In the development of android applications Android SDK provides the tools and APIs to provide application developers with flatform android. Android using Java as the language pemogramannya, so for those of you who've been playing with java it never hurts to try Android.

Keywords: android, google

Preliminary

In July 2005, Google acquired Android, Inc., a small startup company based in Palo Alto, California, United States. Android's co-founders who went to work at Google included Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile), and Chris White (head of design interface and development in Webtv). At that time, little is known about the functions of Android, Inc. other than those who create software for mobile phones. This began rumors that Google has plans to enter the phone market, although it 's not clear what the function might do in the market. At Google, a team led by Rubin, who developed the mobile device platform backed by Google's OS that is marketed to handset makers and operators on the premise of providing a flexible, upgradeable system.

Systems Development Method

Developing Java Applications library written in C and other languages

Company founder is the Open Handset Alliance. Sources flagship model is the open source and free software. Android 21 October 2008 released earlier. Monolithic Kernel Kind Linux. License Apache 2.0 and GPLv2. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices, based on the Linux kernel, originally developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance. This allows the developers to write managed code in the Java language, the control device through the Google Java libraries developed applications written in C and other languages can be compiled to native code and run ARM, Opening of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 have been announced to establish a consortium of 48 hardware, software, and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. Android from code licensed under Apache, a free software and open source licenses.

In July 2005, Google acquired Android, Inc., a small startup company based in Palo Alto, California, United States. Android's co-founders who went to work at Google included Andy Rubin, co-founder of Danger, Rich Miner co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Nick Sears once VP at T-Mobile, and Chris White's head interface design and development in Webtv At that time, little is known about the functions of Android, Inc. other than those who create software for mobile phones. This began rumors that Google has plans to enter the phone market, although it is unclear what the function might be doing at Google pasar.Di, a team led by Rubin, to develop Linux-based mobile OS that is marketed to handset makers and operators on the premise of providing a flexible , upgradeable system.

Android at the Googleplex.

Reports from the BBC and The Wall Street Journal that Google has developed a Google-branded handset. More speculation followed that statement because Google has determined the technical specifications, he showed the prototype to cell phone manufacturers and network operators. As many as 30 prototype phones are reported to operasi.Google has filed several patent applications in the fields of cellular phones.

"The announcement is more ambitious than today's single 'Google Phone' that the press has been speculating about for weeks. Our vision is our strong platform that will power the opening of thousands of different phone models." - Eric Schmidt, Google Chairman / CEO

On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of several companies including Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile, Sprint Nextel and NVIDIA, was unveiled with the aim to develop open standards for mobile devices. Along with the formation of the Open Handset Alliance, the OHA also unveiled their first product, Android, mobile devices platform built on Linux kernel version 2.6. On December 9, 2008, he announced that 14 new members will join the Android project, including: Sony Ericsson, Vodafone Group Plc, ARM Holdings Plc, Asustek Computer Inc., Toshiba Corp. and Garmin Ltd..

Google Chairman and CEO Eric Schmidt took a few times in the official press release to remove all previous rumors and speculation about the existence of Google phone independent. Android has been available in the form of open source. Google opens the source code (including the telephone network and the previous arrangement was not available, under the Apache license.

With the Apache License, vendors are free to add extensions ownership without sending them back to the open source community. Android has been criticized for not all open source software despite what was announced by Google.: The SDK is an exclusive and closed-source and believe this is so that Google can control the platform.

4. Results and Discussion

History

July 2005, Google acquired Android, Inc.., A rapidly growing company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. Founder of Android, Inc.. including the Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. But at this moment only a handful of people know the functions of Android, Inc.. in addition they are making software for mobile phones. Rumor had developed when Google acquired Android, Inc.. that Google is planning to enter the phone market is not yet known but will like what Google's share of the world's mobile phones.

At Google, a team led by Rubin developed a basic platform of mobile devices with the Linux kernel which was sold to handset makers and telecom services. As the news circulated that Google already has hardware components and levels of software partners and signaled to the telecommunications service provider that they offer is open. Speculation about Google's targeted for mobile phones are increasingly growing that they will soon announce it in the month of December 2006. More and more rumors saying that Google is developing Google branded mobile phone. There are as many as 30 prototype phones are reported to have functioned at that time.

September 2007, Google filed a patent is known in the field of cellular phones.

Development

Android has experienced since the launch of first renewal.

Cupcake

30 April 2009 was officially launched Cupcake with several new features:

The ability to record and play video in camcorder mode

Upload videos to Youtube and photos directly from mobile phones to Picasa

Keyboard with soft keys features "autocomplete"

Ability of a direct connection to a Bluetooth headset

Widgets and the new folder

Animation

Improved copy-paste capabilities

Donut

15 September 2009, Donut (Donut) launched:

Android Market update

Interface cameras, camcorders, and an integrated gallery

Elimination of photos in the gallery can be done in multiple (many files)

Voice Search updated with faster response and better integration with the ability to call contacts

Improved search features for bookmarks, history, contacts, and web directly from the standby display

Updates technological support CDMA / EVDO, 802.1x VPN, Gesture, and Text-to-speech

Improved speed in the search

Eclair

October 26, 2009

Improved hardware speed

New applications "Car Home"

Support the resolution and screen size developed

The new browser interface

List of new contacts

Black-white ratio for better background

Google Maps 3.1.2

Microsoft Exchange Support

Support for camera flash

Digital zoom

Virtual keyboard repaired

Bluetooth 2.1

Android soulless devices

The first devices running Android operating system and is widely marketed is the HTC Dream which is released on October 22, 2008. By the end of 2009 certainly will circulate around 18 phones using Android.

Android will be launched with core applications (See the top layer is application layer) such as email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts. All applications are written using Java.

Then Look at the second layer (Arsitektor Framework API).

Developers have full access to the same used by the Application Core (Core Application), so developers can change the default standard application browser, email client, SMS program browser.email applications such as client, SMS made by developers themselves. Developers can use the available components to develop or modify new applications. For example Look at the view system framework, with a view component system, the Developer can use to build user interface components including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons and components in a web browser. This can summarize the progress of time the developer team. Content Provider Framework enables applications to access data in other applications such as Contacts or can also divide the data into other applications.

If not satisfied by utilizing a second layer, there is a third layer containing the Library. This third layer is a layer that can also be found on other operating systems, within the existing layer components are written in the native language C / C + +. The difference of Android Runtime components. In runtime, the available library functions of the Java Programming Language.

Every Android application, running on its own in-process instance (the Indonesian language, why?) By Dalvik Virtual Machine. Dalvik governing this is the low-level threading and memory management. Dalvik Virtual Machine works just like the Java Virtual Machine and BREW runtime. Dalvik Virtual Machines execute files in the format. DEX (dalvik Executable), VM is register based and run the classes that have been compiled by the Java Language Compiler.

Bottom layer or the number four is the most important layer of the Linux Kernel version 2.6 to serve the core operating system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack and driver model. Kernel also acts as an Abstraction Layer between hardware and software stack.

There are four basic that we must understand in building Android-based applications:

Activity, is a graphical interface that we see when running an application. applications can have more than one Activity

Intent, is a set of values that indicate what should be done when there is movement of the screen

Service, is a service that works in Backend

Content providers, enables an application to store and receive data from the database.

Android Application

Released (preinstalled)

HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1)

The HTC Dream (also marketed as the T-Mobile G1, G1 era in Poland, Dream Rogers in Canada) is the first to market phones that use the Android platform. The phone is part of the open standards efforts of the Open Handset Alliance.

The Magic HTC. The Magic Dream similar but without the slide-out keyboard, rather than using a keyboard on the screen.

China launched its version of the company Qigi i6 (formerly Windows Mobile) devices running Android on the moon in December 2008. Devices manufactured by Chinese ODM TechFaith.

HKC Pearl, who claimed to dual-boot Windows Mobile 6.1 and Android.

HKC Imobile v413, build a similar Android HTC Touch.

Samsung I7500 announced in April 2009 for release in June.

Released (aftermarket installation)

Some users have been able (with some amount of hacking, and with limited functionality) to install Android on other mobile devices that shipped with the OSes:

The OpenMoko phone (Neo 1973 and Neo FreeRunner) is also very supportive since the release of Google Android source code on October 21, 2008. On November 4, 2008, all the source compiles the stack, with the kernel, users and most applications work, but the phone, SMS, suspend / resume and wifi, which relies on low-level hardware features, does not fully work. In early 2009 Cupcake and pictures that show is available as a flashable image

Motorola A1200 Sun

HTC Kaiser: port is in progress, all features are not functioning at this time

HTC Vogue

HTC Touch Diamond: Not all functions work (including Wifi

HTC Touch Pro

Nokia N810

Nokia 770

Asus EeePC 701

Asus EeePC 1000H

Book of touch Always inovati

Dell Axim x51v

HTC Touch HD: similar to the Touch Diamond, not all features function as wifi and audio during voice calls

Upcoming

In September 2008, Motorola has confirmed that he worked on hardware products that will run Android.

Huawei plans to release a phone that will run on

Android T-Mobile. This however does not set a date until June 2009 after.

Archos plans to launch a new device, which will incorporate a significant media capabilities with Android OPERATING system.

Lenovo's working on Android-based phone that supports China's 3G standard TD-SCDMA.

HTC is planning a "portfolio" of Android-based phone. which will be released in the middle of 2009, including HTC Magic, unveiled on February 17, 2009 at 2009 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Spain. The Magic HTC will be released with the "Cupcake" built with his debut on May 5.

Sony Ericsson is waiting for better multi-media support for Android 2.0.

GiiNii Movit Mini is an Internet device based on Google's Android operating system.

Acer is rumored to be releasing a phone called the L1, C1, E1, F1, and A1 (unconfirmed) at the end of 2009.

ODM Yuhua of China's first Android phone, dual SIM DSTL1 will be released in June under the General Mobile brand. The Company is planning more Android devices.

Skytone, distributors and software developers from Skytone Alpha-400 netbook announced a release of Android, the Alpha-680.

Kogan Technologies, Australia's manufacturing technology, has announced the Android compatible fit: in Kogan and Kogan agora agora Pro. This match is scheduled to be released on January 29, 2009. In mid-January 2009, Kogan announced that an appropriate release has been delayed indefinitely agora.

Android Excellence

Some key advantages that distinguish devices on the Android platform from similar products:

1. Openness - Android provides access to the basic functions of mobile devices using standard calls to the API.

2. The destruction of the border - you can combine information from the Internet into the phone, such as contact information, or data on the geographical location to get a new chance.

The similarity of applications - for Android is no difference between the main phone applications and other software - you can even change the program to dial the number, or screen saver.

4. Quick and easy development - in the SDK has everything you need to create and run Android applications, including instrument simulator, and advanced debugging tools.

Software Development

Early feedback on the development of applications for the Android platform have been mixed. Issues cited include bugs, lack of documentation, inadequate QA infrastructure, and no public issue-tracking system. (Google's issue tracker which was announced on January 18, 2008) In December 2007, MergeLab mobile startup founder Adam Macbeth stated, "Function does not exist, are poorly documented or just does not work ... This is clearly not ready for prime time." Although Thus, targeted Android applications have begun to emerge in a week after the platform was announced. First commonly available is the application of Snake game. The Android Dev-open phone is SIM unlocked and hardware devices that are designed for advanced developers. While developers can use a device commonly purchased retail consumers to test and use the applications, some developers may choose not to use the retail device, selecting an open or no-contract device.

4.7 Software Development Kit

Android SDK includes a comprehensive set of development tools. It includes debugger, libraries, a handset emulator (based on QEMU), documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Currently supported platforms include the development of x86-architecture computer running Linux (any modern desktop Linux Distribution), Mac OS X 10.4.8 or later, Windows XP or Vista. Requirements also include the Java Development Kit, Apache Ant, and Python 2.2 or newer. Which are officially supported integrated development environment (IDE) is the Eclipse (3.2 or newer) to use the Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin, although the developer can use any text editor to edit Java and XML files and then use the command line tool to create, build and debug Android applications. Preview release of the Android software development kit (SDK) has been released on 12 November 2007. On July 15, 2008, the Android Developer Challenge Team accidentally sent an email to all entrants in the Android Developer Challenge has announced that the new SDK is available in "private" Download. Email is meant for the winner in the first round in the Android Developer Challenge. Derived that Google has provided a new release of the SDK for other developers and some do not (and maintain this arrangement private) has been reported to cause a lot of frustration within the Android developer community.

On August 18, 2008 in Android 0.9 SDK beta was released. This release provides an update and expansion of the API, the improvement and development tools

updated for the design of the home screen. Detailed instructions for upgrading are available for those who have worked with previous releases. On December 23

September 2008 the Android SDK 1.0 (Release 1) has been released. According to the release notes, he included "mainly bug fixes, although some smaller features added." This API also includes several changes from version 0.9.

On March 9, 2009, Google launched a version 1.1 for the android phone dev. Although there are some aesthetic updates, some important updates including support for "search by voice, the price of apps, alarm clock repairs, send gmail freeze fix, repair intervals and fresh notification letters, reviews and now the world map." Another important update is that the phone can now be paid Dev apps and developers can now see them on the Android Market.

8.4 Developer Challenge

Android Developer Challenge is a competition of the most innovative applications for Android. Google offers a total prize of U.S. $ 10 million, distributed between the ADC ADC I and II. ADC input I received from January 2 to 14 April 2008. 50 most promising entries, announced on May 12, 2008, each received a $ 25,000 award to fund further development. There was ended in early September with the announcement of the ten teams each received $ 275,000, and ten teams received $ 100,000 each. ADC II has been announced on May 27, 2009.

5. Conclusions & Suggestions

Conclusion

As a project search and online advertising, Google is growing rapidly, is evident in the development of features and facilities provided services ranging from web search, free email, video, google applications including launching Android as an operating system for mobile phones which is a competitor to the iPhone (Apple).

Suggestion

The unrestrictive licensing terms of Android has allowed companies to use Android to restrict their own customers. For example, tethering (PC or laptop Internet connectivity via mobile phones) is prohibited by T-Mobile USA, and Google has been blocked as an application for users who are in the United States. This also means that special operators can apps as selected by Google. However, this problem is true of any device on your network, regardless of the OS. Android uses the Linux kernel, but, according to Google, not the Linux operating system (either a native windowing system, and do not support the full set of standard Linux libraries, including GNU C Library). These specific properties make it difficult to return an existing Linux applications or libraries. Android does not use the Java standard established, namely SE and Java ME. This prevents compatibility among Java applications written to relax on and a platform for the Android platform. Android only reuses the Java language syntax, but does not give the whole class libraries and APIs bundled with Java SE or ME.

6. Bibliography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Android

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google

Know Technology Cloud Computing

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Sat, 05 Jun 2010 02:28:00 +0000

Background

The use of Internet technology in the world is increasing. Internet previously only used by workers in the field of Internet-based computasi technology (web-based Application) and who understand that technology alone. along with the changing times, technology is also progressing towards the achievement of extraordinary ease and convenience in performing daily activities that are considered impossible can be done in a short time. Neither form of social interaction, marketing, and activities that can attract other users. Therefore, Internet users increases rapidly and penetrated all walks of life.

Internet-based technology development computasi now directed more to the process system application that is easy and does not require much time or energy. The problem was obtained in the processing system network. If there is a change in my internet application program on a server in local network, the data should be reinstalled or adjusted return. including the use of computers in ordinary, necessary operating system and application programs. Determine the operating system application programs. If users select the operating system MS Windows for example, the application also must be based on Windows. Similarly, if a system based on DOS, Linux, Mac, and so forth. In fact choosing the operating system itself often make the user a headache.

Now the concept of Cloud Computing technology is being warmly discussed. The term Cloud Computing may not have heard a lot, because it's still new. However, its growth is remarkable.Could mention of Computing technology can eliminate the problems described above. Large companies in the IT field was now devoting his attention to it. Microsoft has recently announced it will soon set up its latest system, Windows 7, which strongly supports cloud computing, although it was not promising when the circulation. What exactly is cloud computing?

For that in this discussion will explain what it is Could Computing and application of technology in the IT industry.

Goal
Cloud computing in the discussion of objectives, namely:

1. Understanding what the concept of Cloud Computing.
2. Knowing the benefits and lack of Cloud Computing.
3. Knowing what kind of technology related to Cloud Computing.
4. Understanding Cloud panarapan Computig in IT industry.

Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves the provision of services were hosted through the Internet. These services generally are divided into three categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). The term cloud computing itself inspired by the symbol cloud / cloud (hereafter still referred to as "cloud" in order to remain on the path to understanding) is often used to represent the Internet in the flow charts and diagrams.

Cloud Services has three special characteristics that distinguish it from traditional hosting. This service is sold on demand, which is usually per minute or per hour and is elastic, the user may have any desired service according to the allotted time, and service management dikelolah by provider (customer only need a computer and Internet access). Significant innovations in terms of virtualization and distributed computing, including improved access to high-speed Internet and economic improvements, have increased the attraction of people to cloud computing.

A cloud can be labeled private or public. Public Cloud sell services to anyone on the Internet.(Currently, Amazon Web Services is the largest provider of public cloud.) Private Cloud is a proprietary network or data centers that supply services were hosts to people in limited quantities. If a service provider using resources owned by a private cloud, then the result is called a virtual private cloud. Private or public, the goal of cloud computing is to provide easy access, scalable to computing resources and IT services.

Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Infrastructure-as-a-Service like Amazon Web Services provides several virtual servers with unique IP addresses and the number of blocks on demand storage containers. The customers using the application program interface (API) belonging to the provider to start, stop, access and configure the virtual server and storage containers. In the business world, cloud computing allows companies to pay only for capacity that is needed, and bringing more items to be online as soon as needed. Therefore, the model "pay according to use" also resembles the model as electricity, gas and water consumed, it is sometimes also called utility computing.

Platform-as-a-service

Platform-as-a-service in the cloud is defined as a set of software and product development tools that were hosted on the infrastructure providers. Developers to create applications on a platform provider via the Internet. PaaS Provider may use the API, web portal or gateway software installed on customers' computers. Force.com, (formerly known as Salesforce.com) and GoogleApps are some examples of PaaS. Developers need to understand that there are currently no standards for interoperability or data portability in the cloud. Most providers will not allow software made by its customers moved from platform providers.

Software-as-a-service

While the cloud model software-as-a-service, infrastructure vendors supplying the hardware, software products and interaction with the user via the portal front-end. SaaS is a very broad market. Its services can range from Web-based email to inventory control and database processing. Therefore service providers to host both applications and data, then the end user is free to use any service from the service.

Cloud Computing Pros.
Users can always use the latest version of the program he uses.
Because this program can be used users from around the world, so if there is a problem, promptly detected and rectified.
Programs can be shared, so if there is work to be completed by 10 people for example, can be worked together at different times, from where the berlainan.Jadi no longer need to have a meeting somewhere, because it will waste time , energy, and resources (electricity for air conditioning and lighting, nyamikan or offering for the participants of the meeting, not to mention the time spent chatting on the sidelines of the meeting).
Relatively cheap, because users are not burdened cost anything, except wanting additional facilities. Even data can be stored on the Internet (we do not need to know is stored in any country, or the server which one, the important data stored there is safe and accessible at any time).

Risk / deficiency use Cloud Computing
As was said as a business service, with the cloud technology you should know and make sure what you paid and what you are fully invested it for your needs using this service. You have to look at some parts, namely:
Service level - Cloud providers may not be consistent with the performance of the application or transaction. This requires you to understand the service level you get on the transaction response time, data protection and speed of data recovery.
Privacy - Because other people / other companies also make the possibility of hosting your data will be out or read by others without your knowledge or approve of you.
Compliance - You must also consider the regulation of the business you have, in this case theoretically cloud service providers are expected to equate the level of compliance for data storage in the cloud, but because the service is still very young you are expected to be very careful in terms of data storage.
Data ownership - Is your data still belongs to you so that data stored in the cloud? This question may be a little weird, but you need to know such things happened to her Facebook are trying to change its terms of use aggrement who question this.
Data Mobility - Are you able to share data between cloud services? cloud, and if you terminate your relationship how to get your data back? What format will be used? or can you ensure coffee from her data has been erased?
If the IT industry just to explore some cloud cloud technology is already well-established service and can be considered such as an e-mail service. However, for security matters, with internally developed IT infrastructure industry into a cloud model will be better.
The steps that need to be considered in applying the Cloud Computing on the IT industry are as follows:
· First step you should do is learn from the cloud service contract system. make sure every process to be simple, it can be repeated again and add value to your business.

· Second, you must identify what services you can use within the cloud and which should be internal. This is very important for you to know about the system and service cores that can be utilized by your business. and would recommend that you categorize your business based on some element of risk from the use of cloud services.

· Last step, you have to do sourcing strategy to get a very low cost, but has the scalability and flexibility for your business needs. This includes consideration of the ownership and mobility of data protection, compliance and some elements, as well as traditional IT contract.

Conclusions and recommendations

Cloud Computing (Cloud Computing) is the combined use of computer technology ('computing') based development and Internet ('cloud'). Clouds (cloud) is metefora from the internet, as the clouds that often depicted in computer network diagrams. As a cloud in computer network diagrams, clouds (cloud) in Cloud Computing is also an abstraction of a complex infrastructure that hid. He is a mode of computing in which information technology-related capabilities are presented as a service (as a service), so users can access it via the Internet ("in the cloud") without knowledge of it, an expert with it, or have control over the technology infrastructure that helped. Cloud Computing is described as a paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and temporarily stored on a user's computer (client) includes desktops, tablet computers, notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, sensors, monitors and other another.

For users who want to use Cloud Computing should take into account the security of our data will be saved or if, for once we agree with Cloud Computing then we submit our data to the provider of such service providers.
Use speed internet access is sufficient, because this is very important for our data access needs.

REFERENCES
Arema. 1998. 10 Basic Questions About the Internet and Intranet.
Gratitude, Mark Ade. 1999. Web applications with PHP. Sydney: University Gunadarma.
Sidik, B. Web programming with PHP. Revised Edition-2. (Bandung: Informatics, 2004).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CloudComputing
http://www.komputasi.lipi.go.id
http://www.sun.com/featured-articles/CloudComputing.pdf

Know programming language GO

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Sat, 05 Jun 2010 02:24:00 +0000

Background

After the success of the browser chrome and the Google wave, Google re-create a buzz with the launch GO programming language.

Go is based on the C programming language family, one family of programming languages most used in the world. But what's interesting is combining the elements of Python (the language of choice in the development of Google) and Pascal / Modula / Oberon families to make faster and more dynamic program.

Go alone has the nature and syntax that is similar to its predecessor the C language, but with the advantages that are not owned by C, such as garbage-collectors, more efficient memory management and more. Google considers these creations programming language has an advantage over the speed, security, balance, fun and open source of course.

Currently the new Go is available for Linux and Mac OS X, and compilernya available in two types, each to the x86 64-bit and 32-bit. For those of you who want to try to directly install Go, they also provide tutorials for you can learn.

Go open source, so developers are free to develop it in accordance with market needs. Due to the existence of contributions from outside sources, this programming language will be better in the public eye, and with this reasoning is also widely known and Go can be used for sure.

A. Introduction to Go

Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike and Ken Thompson began sketching with the aim to create new programming languages on September 21, 2007. In a few days, sketasa has become a planning and design phase continues where part-time work. In January 2008, Ken has started his work on a compiler and he collected the C code as output. At mid-year, language has become a full-time project and at the end of 2008 Russ Cox was joined in a project and help to move the language and librarinya from prototype into a reality. Finally in mid-2009, Go was introduced to a general audience, especially for a programmer.

Go is a programming language that is open-source, where currently he is only just able to run on Linux and Max OS. Go offers an expressive type system, fast compilation, performance, and built-in features that simplify the programming languages and concurrency threaded.

B. Program Hello Word

Example program Hello Word!

main package

import "fmt"

func main () (

fmt.Printf ("Hello, 世界")

)

Files are stored on top with extension. Go, for example helloword.go. In the source code at the top is fmt, it is a package that implements the format for I / O. program starts in the main function, and printed by calling printf fmt package first.

Surely there Compiler for menjalankna this helloword.go program or to display output. There are two compilers Go, Go native compilers and compiler alternatives. Go native compiler, called 6g and 8G (for 64-bit and x86), designed to be very fast. And the alternative is compilers gccgo based on the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). Example menkompile Go programs are:

$ 6g helloworld.go # compile; object goes into helloworld.6

$ 6L helloworld.6 # links; output goes into 6.out

$ 6.out

Hello, world; or Καλημέρα κόσμε; or こんにちは世界

C. Basic Programming Go

Statement

There are many statements in the programming sequence, eg arithmetic statement, statement of function calls, statement printing, etc.. And most importantly, every statement, in programming Go must end with a semicolon (;).

Rows Comment

Rows of comment is used to write little notes in the program files needed by programmers to clarify progarmnya. Comment lines are ignored by the compiler at compile done. You are strongly encouraged to provide comments on the program so that the programs currently made could still be understood in the hereafter, either by you or other programmers.

There are two forms of comment lines, ie

1. Model / * * /

/ * This is a comment

This is a comment

* /

2. Double slash (/ /)

Usually, this model only to comment on the program with one line. Example:

/ / This is an example of one line comment ..

Syntax

There are differences in syntax Go to the previous language, let us take the C + +, we will compare the syntax Go with C + +.

Go C + +

var v1 int; / / int v1;

var string v2; / / const std:: string v2; (approximately)

var v3 [10] int; / / int v3 [10];

var v4 [] int; / / int * v4; (approximately)

var v5 struct (int f); / / struct (int f;) v5;

var v6 * int; / / int * v6; (but no pointer arithmetic)

var v7 map [string] int; / / unordered_map * v7; (approximately)

var v8 func (a int) int; / / int (* v8) (int a);

more, http://golang.org

CONCLUSION

Within a decade there has been no system programming language that leads to the changes that have occurred in the programming world. The changes that libraries and dependenci so much, focus on client / server, network, cluster and the rise of large multi-core CPUs. This condition is then forced the need for an efficient programming language, speed, secure, stable, fun and open source.

By combining the benefits of its predecessor and the addition of a programming language garbage-collector so as to reduce the need memory.menjadikan Go as a new programming language suitable to meet the needs of a programming language today.

Know the RIA (Rich Internet Application)

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Sat, 05 Jun 2010 02:19:00 +0000

Information technology both in terms of software and hardware is growing rapidly. This we can feel with us more easily communicate with others. Currently, we can access the internet from almost anywhere and at anytime provided we have adequate tools.

Talking about the Internet, first we can only obtain information on the internet that are one-way from. However, today, we not only get information but also can share information with other Internet users. Internet today has the character of the user by the user and for the user.

One of the technologies to treat the user in using the Internet is a Rich Internet Application (RIA). With the RIA, the user will get a different experience when using the Internet. On Internet sites based RIA, user convenience is usually something that most major.

Rich Internet Application is a technology that combines the advantages of web based and desktop applications. RIA presents a beautiful visual interface and interactive. Nature does not depend on an operating system makes the RIA can reach many more computer users.

The following are general characteristics of the RIA:

1. Responsiveness: As a web application, RIA has a very striking difference with conventional web. RIA does not reload the page when a button or link is clicked. RIA update only certain parts when we perform an action. While the conventional Web, the page will be updated as a whole when we take action.

2. Can do many things: By using RIA, we could do something like what we do on a desktop application. High level of interactivity that allows the developer to move the features of a desktop application into a web application. RIA has many applications we can use such as word processors, instant Messenger's swing, and so forth.

3. Reach More Users: RIA can be run on any operating system with hardware specifications are not necessarily high. Provided that the operating system can run a browser. RIA can be run properly.

4. Communication becomes easier: By RIA, we can use a lot of media to do something. For example:

Text-based chat, for example via Yahoo! Web Messenger's swing, Gmail Chat, eBuddy, Meebo, Facebook Chat
Audio-Video Conference via Gmail Chat Videos
Video Streaming on Youtube, Metacafe, DailyMotion
Sharing on Google Docs, Facebook, Scribd, Google Calendar
Server Push on Facebook, Gmail, Google News

RIA Developer Technology

There are several device-based technologies to build RIA applications, namely:

1. AJAX and Javascript

AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. This technology is old players who are also still used by large companies every maker RIA based applications. Some examples of AJAX-based application that is easy to find on the internet is Wordpress, Facebook, and several Google products like Gmail, Calendar, Docs, Maps. AJAX-based applications must be tested on every browser because on some browsers, AJAX will be treated differently.

2. Flash

Flash is very much we have encountered on the internet. Some are in the form of advertising, animation, the site profiles to applications that are specific. For even Facebook users are already familiar with the application of artificial Playfish Facebook. All were created using Flash.Then adalagi Yahoo! Web Messenger, which is one example of a Flash-based application built using Flex. This Flash-based applications are browser friendly, so this could be the way of Flash applications on any browser so long as the browser has Flash Player installed accordingly.

3. Java

Just like Flash, Java-based applications require an additional application called the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) in order to run smoothly on your browser. Today, Java-based applications can not compete with other applications based on AJAX or Flash.

4. Silverlight

Silverlight is a product developed by Microsoft that is used to create a RIA based applications.Just like Java and Flash, Silverlight-based applications to run requires a plugin. Currently, many sites that already use this technology to build RIA applications. However, its popularity still lose when compared with AJAX and Flash.

5. JavaFX

Missiles Technology Discussed

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Sat, 05 Jun 2010 02:08:00 +0000

Russian Pilot IBM

Russian military on

Tuesday (24/12) local time successfully test launching of the inter-continental ballistic missile capable of carrying multiple nuclear warheads. These weapons are prepared to replace the old missiles made in the Soviet era, such as RS-18 and RS-20.

Missiles in Western countries known as the heels of SS-19 and SS-18 Satan.

Strategic Military Forces Spokesman of Russia, Alexander Vovk told The Associated Press said the missile

RS-24 was launched from Plesetsk in northern regions of Russia. In the current test, the bullet warhead successfully towards the target at the Kura, which try to test the Kamchatka Peninsula about 4340 miles to the east.

Vovk also revealed that it took a lot of missile warheads while testing done. However, he refused to mention the amount. Meanwhile, Interfax launched the RS-24 can carry at least three warheads.

He said also,

This new missile based on the Topol-M and built by the same team from the Institute of Technology, the Moscow leadership of Yuri Solomonov. RS-24 was first successfully tested in late May. Topol-M missiles are currently carrying a single nuclear warhead and is able to target a distance of more than 6000 miles.

President

Vladimir Putin mamanfaatkan greatly from oil revenues to modernize Russia's military, which raises the temperature of tensions with Western countries. The Kremlin openly opposed the U.S. plan to deploy soldiers in the area of defense contained in the Poland and Czech Republic.

Peel Technology Missiles

Topol-M missiles that exist today, carrying a single nuclear warhead and is able to target a distance of more than 6000 miles. That's approximately the distance between the Kaaba dg Istiqlal mosque.

Dr. Rinto

Anugraha (Lecturer in Physics UGM), describes the distance on the surface of Earth & Distance Two Places at the surface of the Earth:

this occasion, the author will explain some aspects of distance (distance) on the surface of the earth. The author will review two things, namely the distance from the surface of the earth to the center of the earth, and the distance between two places on the earth surface. Knowledge of the distance from the surface of the earth to the center of the earth have anything to do with the transformation of coordinates to the Geocentric coordinates toposentrik. Transformation from Geocentric coordinates to toposentrik very important in calculating the positions of celestial bodies, like the moon,

sun, planets and other high precision. Meanwhile, the distance between two places will be useful, for example when we want to determine the distance between the Kaaba somewhere .... See More

We have often stated that the earth is spherical. In many ways, this phrase is true, especially to facilitate the understanding of the position of the earth. But in fact this statement is not entirely true, because the earth is more appropriately called elipsoida shaped, rather like an egg (ignoring the mountains, valleys, and so on. The model is better than elipsoida geoid, but not discussed here.). The radius of the ball is always constant at all surface balls. However, the radius of the earth, or more precisely the distance from the surface to the center of the earth is not the same in all places. The distance from the surface to the center of the earth reaches a maximum value at the equator (the equator) and minimum at the poles, although the difference between the maximum and minimum is small enough compared with the radius of the earth itself.

= 0 the same latitude to the equator (the equator) which divides the earth into two parts north and south. City of Pontianak in West Kalimantan crossed by the equator. In the northern hemisphere (north latitude), latitude is positive. Conversely in the south of the earth (latitude

south), latitude is negative. Example: 15 degrees north latitude (north latitude ... See More)

= 15 N (North) = 15 degrees. While 30 degrees latitude (south latitude) = 30 S (South) = -30 degrees. North Pole (South Pole) = 90 N = 90, while the Antarctic (South Pole) = 90 S = -90. So the entire surface of the earth's latitude between -90 to 90 degrees.

Thus, a place marked with the latitude and longitude coordinates. The coordinates of the current residence located in the author 130:25:57,11 E longitude and latitude 33:39:8,47 N. Kaaba is the Qibla prayer we have longitude coordinates 39:49:34,18 E = 39.82616111 degrees, and latitude coordinates 21:25:21,03 N = 21.42250833 degrees [1]. For the record, the latitude of Mecca which is smaller than the slope of the earth's rotation axis with the axis of the Earth Ecliptic (the value of which is currently approximately 23:26:22 degrees) allows for the sun directly above the Kaaba (Al-istiwa 'al-A' zham). This is one of the classical technique for determining the direction of Qibla, ie when the sun directly above the Kaaba. God willing, will be discussed on other occasions.

Distance of Two Places at the Earth Surface

Given two places / positions in the earth's surface. The first place has a geographical coordinates longitude and latitude L1 B1. Place both B2 and L2. The distance between the two sites could be known. There are two formulas that will be given here.

Formula

The first is a simple formula that assumes that the earth is spherical [2]. The angle between both places is d, where cos (d) = sin (L1) * sin (L2) + cos (L1) * cos (L2) * cos (B1 - B2) If the angle d in radians, then the distance second place are s of kilometers, ie s = 6378.137 * d [km] If the angle d in degrees, the distance of both places are s of kilometers, ie s = 6378.137 * pi * d/180 [km] where pi = 3.14159265359 . Keep in mind, 1 radian = 180/pi = 57.2957795 degrees .... See More

Formula

The second is a more complex formula with the assumption that the earth was shaped elipsoida [2]. This second formula will give more precise results, presented as follows. U = (L1 + L2) / 2. G = (L1 -

L2) / 2 J = (B1 - B2) / 2 F = sin (G) * sin (G) * cos (A) * cos (A) + cos (U) * cos (U) * sin (A) * sin (J) N = cos (G) * cos (G) * cos (A) * cos (A) + sin (U) * sin (U) * sin (A) * sin (J)

tan (w) = sqrt (M / N) where w in radians P = sqrt (M * N) / w D = 2 * w * a E1 =

(3 * P - 1) / (2 * N) E2 = (3 * P + 1) / (2 * F) Distance between the two places are s

= D * (1 + f * E1 * sin (U) * sin (U) * cos (G) * cos (G) - f * E2 * cos (U) * cos (U) * sin (G) * sin (G)) where a = 6378.137 km and f = 1 / 298, 25 722 = 0.0033528107.

Example: Determine the distance between the Kaaba with the Istiqlal Mosque with longitude and latitude coordinates 106:49:50,64 6:10:11,2 LS.

Answer: B1 = 39.82616111 degrees = 21.42250833 degrees B2 L1 = L2 = -6.169777778 106.8307333 degrees degrees

we use the first formula, then cos (d) = sin (L1) * sin (L2) +

cos (L1) * cos (L2) * cos (B1 - B2) cos (d) = 0.32230721 d = arccos (0.32230721)

= 1.242630573 radians distance between the Kaaba with the Istiqlal is s =

6378.137 * 1.242630573 = 7.925,668 km.

If we use the second formula, the following results are obtained. U

= 0.133105184 G = 0.24078812 radians radians radians J = M = -0.5847252

0.338846395 0.661153605 N = tan (w) = 0.715896517 w = 0.621315286 radians

P = 0.761799321 D = 7925.668033 km E1 = E2 = 4.847916358 0.972087237

The distance between the Kaaba with the Istiqlal Mosque is s = 7918.900 km =

7918 km 900 meters.

For the record, the second formula above

used for the two places are located in the earth's surface (altitude

= 0 from the surface of the sea). Of course in reality, the Kaaba and

Istiqlal Mosque have a certain altitude above sea level.

comparison to the second formula above, Vincenty [3] has reduced

formula to determine the distance between two points. The formula is more complicated

therefore not given here, but very accurate and

high up the order of millimeters. For distances over the Kaaba - Masjid

Istiqlal, Vincenty formula gives 7918 km 930 meters. Visible

that the second formula gives results closer to the formula Vincenty

the difference is only 30 meters. However, the first formula is much more

simple

Distance

separate ranges between the Kaaba and Indonesia on the order of 6000-an (Aceh)

up to 11 000-an (Papua) km. This distance means that if the direction

mecca we deviated from the direction of a degree course that is true, then

very large deviation from the Kaaba itself. If the distance

Separate is 8000 km, then a degree of deviation toward mecca

gives the deviation from the Kaaba Qibla position for 8000 * 1 * pi/180

or about 140 km from the Kaaba. This shows the importance betapi

prayer where we pointed at the correct direction of Qibla.

Microsoft Excel and html files

File

Excel which contains about the distance from the surface of the earth to the center of the earth and

distance between two places by using the two formulas can be downloaded

in http://ifile.it/73t2ebo The html file that contains JavaScript Vincenty formula can be downloaded at http://ifile.it/r53q9c7 which is a modification of http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/ latlong-vincenty.html

Hopefully useful.

Dr. Rinto Anugraha (UGM Lecturer in Physics)

Reference:

[1] According to Google Earth, the coordinates are the coordinates of points

middle of the Kaaba. [2] Jean Meeus: Astronomical Algorithm, Willmann-Bell,

Virginia, 1991. [3] T. Vincenty: Direct and Inverse Solutions of

Geodesics on the Ellipsoid with application of nested equations, Survey

Review, vol XXII no 176th, 1975 (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/inverse.pdf)

Interpreting does Google Search Keywords

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Sat, 05 Jun 2010 02:00:00 +0000

Google Search is one of the sites search engine that is more focused on the search site in cyberspace. We must enter the word to be searched to perform a search. By knowing how Google interprets the words that we find will help us enter the word. Google to interpret the words that we inputkan in the following manner.

1. Implicitly, google will include the operator AND in each space between keywords. When we menginputkan Smansaba School Building, Google is interpreted as the Building Schools AND INTERNATIONAL Smansaba. This means Google will return search results that have anything to do with the School Building or Building Smansaba or Smansaba School.

2. Google will find pages based on keywords exactly what we inputkan without exception. For example, Google will not search for words if we menginputkan influence the impact of words. However, there are some exceptions for acronyms that has worldwide. For example, the keyword will be interpreted together with the USA United Stated of America.

3. In addition to searching for the words that had been entered correctly, Google will find variations of words that had been entered automatically. Google calls this facility with Variations or automatic word stemming, which is a technique for finding the roots of words that have a lot of endings. For example, child bicycle then Google will find the words associated with Childs, children, bicycles, and bike.

Tip: If you want to find pages correctly, then we must be flanked by keyword quotes two. For example, the "Download 20 of the charts", the results are given exactly as a keyword without removing a word. Thus, the search results will not be the same and will not be given such as when we enter: download charts.

4. The fourth way is to use a Stop Word Search ie, the way used by searching for common words. So, Google will not interpret the general words even though input, for example: the, on, Nowhere, how, de, la, and other single words.

5. Limit or Limit of Words. Google can only find words that entered the maximum 32 words. More words are entered, the search results page will be fewer.

6. Google will consider approaches to the maximum on the keyword search. For example, Grass Snake, which is one type of plant, then Google will find pages related to the plant. However, the key word Snake in the grass which is the maxim would be interpreted by Google as well as proverbs. This can be done easily because Google Google has algorithms specifically designed.

7. Google will search for words that had been entered in accordance with the order. For example, free download opera will display the search results that are different from download free opera.

8. Google is not sensitive to capital letters. Google can search for words that had been entered tanpat notice how the writing had been entered. However, there are specific exemptions for operators AND and OR use.

9. Mark is passed. There are some punctuation that is passed in a Google search. Punctuation is? . ,; [] @ / $. However, for certain keywords Google will read some of these punctuation marks. For example, C + +, addresses e-mail, and others.

10. In Google sign apostrop (') will be taken into account. For example, the word we're not going equated by Google with the word Were. And vice versa.

WIRELESS LAN INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Sat, 05 Jun 2010 01:30:00 +0000

Installing Wireless LANs A Practical Guide

Installation Guide Wireless LAN (WLAN), especially in the 2.4 GHz band plan by using the technology or standard WiFi 802.11 a / b / g. However, general guidelines can be used for the installation of WLAN, WiMAX and similar technologies for the transmission of data communication in other bands such as 900 plans Mhz, 2.5 Ghz, 2.7 Ghz, 3.3 Ghz, 3.5 Ghz,4.9 GHz, 5.2 GHz, 5.8 GHz and 7 GHz.

Equipment

Implementation team and the installation of WLAN in addition must have the knowledge and skill must also be furnished with adequate equipment to speed up the execution of their duties.The equipment required is quite simple and not have to be expensive as long as it has a proven reputation for quality in the field.

1. Compass danpeta topography

2. Danbusur degree ruler

3. Pencils, erasers, stationery

4. GPS, altimeter, clinometer

5. Glass pantuldan binoculars

6. Radiokomunikasi (HT)

7. Orinoco PCCard, Pigtail and PCI / ISA adapter

8. Multimeter, SWR, cable tester, solder, tin, wire cutting pliers

9. Peralatanpanjat, harness, carabiner, webbing, Cows tail, pulley

10. Spanner, key rings, key english, pliers (cutting, crocodiles, clips), screwdriver sets, tie rap, insulating gel, TBA, unibell

11. Power cable roll, straight and cross UTP cable, crimping tool, RJ45 connectors

12. AP Manager software, the Orinoco Client, drivers and APUtility Planet, firmware and operating system (NT, W2K, W98 / ME, Linux, FreeBSD + utilitynya)

Survey Location

One of the most decisive factor in the implementation and installation of the WLAN is an ideal location. Several things must be considered such as the contours of the land surface (topography), the height of land / location, Line of Sight (LOS), the potential obstacel and mapping transmission stations (BTS), other (existing) surround.

1. Determine the location of the position coordinates of the station, the air distance to BTS with GPS and compass on the map

2. Perhatikandan mark the point where the potential barrier (obstructure) along the path

3. Calculate the SOM, the path and acessories loss, EIRP, freznel zone, an antenna height

4. Note the position of another station, the possibility of potential hidden station, over noise and interference test shootdan

5. Determine the ideal position of tower, elevation, length of cable and the installation of an alternative if adakesulitan

6. Plan a number of alternative methods of installation, removal and tool position

Fitting Connector

Connection point between a WLAN device, Pigtail, transmission cable and antenna connector was. In the transmission of radio signals, the connection point must be considered carefully. A good installation will improve the performance of the system, otherwise if a bad installation will result in losses such as increased signal attenuation antenuasi and not even be the cause of interference is rarely fatal to the seepage of water (rain, dew), thus resulting in short (short circuit).

1. Kabelcoaxial slash cross section, the specification is the minimum cable RG 8 9913 10 db with the calculation of losses, each 30 m

2. Not until there is excessive because the scratches are on the microwave propagation permukaankabel

3. Pasangkonektor with care and full attention to neatness problem

4. Pinujung solder connector carefully and neatly, make sure there is no short

5. Perhatikanurutan installation of pins and locks so that the cable and connector holder shifted tidakmudah

6. Cover the surface of the connector with aluminum foil to prevent leakage and interference, the position must be attached to the surface of the connector

7. Lapisikonektor with aluminum foil and seal the entire surface of the insulator konektordengan connection TBA (usually for the installation of drainage pipes or cables listrikinstalasi home)

8. Finally, cover the entire surface with rubber isolators to prevent water

9. Untukperawatan, replace all protective coating once every 6 months

10. The best connector is a model without solderandan drat hexa so slightly injuring the surface of the cable, which is installed Using crimping tool, along with protective rubber as a fuel substitute for rubber insulator

Making POE

One way to improve the performance of the WLAN transmission system is to reduce the attenuation of signal attenuation and losses due to the use of transmission wires that are too long. So there is a tendency to place the device as close as possible to the antenna WLAN.One technique widely used by the technicians is to build homes on the monkeys as close as possible to the antenna tower, as the WLAN device. This monkey house will be equipped with a blower (fan) cooling and a power cable (AC) to be withdrawn from the station below. However, the monkey house and a power cable of this kind are often a burden so that vendors provide solutions which type of outdoor WLAN devices are equipped with weather protection and power supply system through a POE (Power Over Ethernet). However, in principle, an indoor type of device which is generally cheaper, can be equipped with POE systems through modification.

1. Power overethernet needed to do the injection into the power supply Ina Box Wireless devices are mounted on a tower, POE useful to reduce power losses (losses) due to the use of cables and connectors

2. POEmenggunakan 2 pair UTP cable is not used, one pair for injection + (positive) and one pair for power injection - (negative) power, used kabelpair (pair) to avoid a decrease in power due to cable loss

3. Perhatikanbahwa most crucial problems in the manufacture of POE is how caramencegah occurrence of short, because the cable and power connector cross section was small and easily moved or are interested, tetesi with wax or gel insulating agarsetiap connection points are protected from short

4. Before the first test used all the connections with the multimeter

Antenna Installation

Some specific types antenna still must be assembled or maybe even a homebrew (homemade).In principle, what is needed is just accuracy. Assembly or manufacturing instructions are usually already available, just follow step by step. Several things are worth noting because it involves the problem of precision and neatness of the assembly. Neatness is important because it affects the stability at the time had been installed, there are parts that do not even shake apart because it affected only the blowing wind or heavy rain.

1. Place the stack method pipadengan minimum until 1st freznel altitude zone nearest obstructure terlewatiterhadap

2. Perhatikanstabilitas holder strenght pipes and wires, attach the legs to stand memanjatdan Cows tail anchor

3. Check the cables and connectors semuasambungan including lightning rod if there is

4. Antenadengan pairs neatly and correctly, point by using a compass and GPS base stations on a map according tempatkedudukan

5. Attach trim kabeldan temporary, not to heavy a burden sambungankonektor cables and disrupting movement and position of the antenna pointing

6. Perhatikandalam install cable in the tower / pipeline, that no position to bend the potensialmenjadi accumulated rain water, is designed so that rain water downward bebasjatuh

Radio Equipment Installation

Any WLAN devices have different specifications and characteristics. Only an experienced technician as well as extensive knowledge of the various products it is capable of determining what brand, type, type of device that best suits your needs and circumstances at the time of installation. WLAN devices are the main factors that determine the success of the installation.The selection of devices and some improper configuration will result in low performance obtained and the possible failure of the installation. Some devices may have certain characteristics that require special treatment, for example, is sensitive to the stability of electric power supply or a particular type of firmware upgrade to be done.

1. Install PCCard and Orinoco correctly until recognized by the OS without conflict danpastikan all drivers and utilities can work perfectly

2. OS W2K Instalasipada require the latest drivers from the web site and is in the CD utilitykopian, although the PCMCIA drivers are not required to do justrudeteksi W2K PNP is a conflict, remove it from Device Manager dirver

3. NT Instalasipada need careful allocation of the IO address, IRQ and DMA, the finest BIOS turn off all devices (COM, LPT etc.) And peripherals (sound card, mpeg, etc..) That are not needed

4. Semuaprosedur this can be completed in less than 30 minutes did not termasukinstalasi OS, more than at this time immediately execute the next procedure

5. If the installation difficulties occur continuously, for the sake of efficiency while lakukaninstalasi under OS Win98 / ME which is easier and less problem

6. Wireless type radio device Padainstalasi In A Box (Mtech, Planet, Micronetdlll.), First update the firmware and utilities

7. Then test all the existing functions (AP, Inter Building, SAI Client, SAA2, SAA Ad Hocdll.) Including bridging and IP Addressing using helical antenna, make sure all functions work well and is stable

8. Makesure device Power Over Ethernet (POE) runs perfect

Noise Testing

We need to know the level of noise at a location to see if there are still slots frequency re-use and whether it still allows the transmission quality is achieved as expected in the installation process. By knowing the noise level then we will be able to decide to carry out the installation or must coordinate with the existing operators, for example, for a variety of disposable BTS. Actual noise levels must be monitored from time to time periodically. So that if there was an increase, we can immediately find out the problems and solutions. Noise levels also describes the status of frequency capacity in these locations are still adequate or already experiencing saturation (saturated). It would be nice if history is always noise levels recorded by all operators of each period and documented its causes. So that it can become a basis of coordination between the operator, the owner of BTS and new players enter.

1. When semuatelah running normally, install all the necessary utilities and start lakukanpengujian noise / interference, use the default settings

2. Without antenaperhatikan whether there strenght signal captured from the other stations around it, if any, and achieve good (about 40% - 60%) or even more, makadipastikan stations it operates and the potential menimbulkangangguan exceeding EIRP for the stations which we are awake, consider the operator berundingdengan BTS / station such existing

3. Perhatikanberapa noise level, when you reach the level of sensitivity over the radio (which is usually around - 83 dbm, read radio specifications), for example - 100 dbmmaka at the station point of interference is high enough, stay apakahsignal strenght received can exceed the noise

4. Perhitunganstandar strenght signal is 0% - 40% poor, 40% - 60% good, 60% - 100% excellent, if the signal is received strenght 60% will tetapinoisenya reached 20%, then the condition is a poor connection (60% - 20% - 40% poor), then as far as possible the signal should reach 80% strenght

5. Poorbiasanya connection will produce a PER (packet error rate - the number of RTO daripersentasi can be seen in the continuous ping) above 3% - 7% (see dariutility Planet or Wave Rider), good ranges from 1% - 3% and 1% excellentdibawah, PER between base stationsand the client station must be balanced

6. Perhitunganyang same station can be used to pay attention to our opponents, or BTS, in principle strenght signal, noise levels, should draw untukmendapatkan PER stability of the expected connection

7. Pertimbangkanalternatif another scenario when the number of the issues above can not be overcome, say by moving the station to another place, rotate the direction of the nearest keBTS other pointing or by using three dots (repeater), etc..

Antenna assembly

1. Antenamicrowave parabolic grid type and loop and need to be assembled because YAGI consist of a number of components, different types of patch panels, panel directional sector maupunomni

2. Antenasesuai raft guide (manual) and construction drawings supplied

3. Kencangkansemua nuts and bolts, including connectors and particularly reflectors

4. Perhatikanbahwa microwave antenna is very sensitive to changes in focus, then look at saatperakitan best antenna reflector to focus on the horn (antenna driven), little change will result in broad focus like misalnyaperubahan gain (db) antenna

5. Some have stems tipeantena parabolic grid extender that can change the location of the horn so fokusreflektor can set the required gain

Antenna Pointing

Required high accuracy, and patience during a briefing at the antenna (pointing). Only technicians with high flying hours and has extensive experience and knowledge that can perform this job perfectly. Technicians are pointing in general has a talent in the form of a sharp instinct for determining the direction of the antenna. Tools such as compass and GPS or software RMW, only serves as a preliminary indication. The next process is more instinctive play.

1. In umumantena fitted with horizontal polarization

2. Arahkanantena in the direction shown compass and GPS, this way we consider titiktengah direction (center beam)

3. Antenadengan shear direction remains to the right or to left center beam, one at a padasetiap stage with calculation does not exceed ½ beam width specification antenauntuk each side (left or right), say 24 db antenna, usually memilikibeam width 12 degrees then, the maximum shift tothe left or kanancenter beam is 6 degrees

4. Give tandapada every change of direction and determine what the score, determining the direction terbaikdilakukan average values by looking for the best, the main parameters considered are yangharus strenght signal, noise and stability

5. Wireless radio device Karenakebanyakan In A Box does not have a signal representing the utility grafisuntuk strenght, noise etc. (except statistics and PER) will be more practical to use a pointing device 802.11byang standard radio has a graphical utility such as the Orinoco, or use the Wave Rider

6. Selanjutnyabila necessary adjust the antenna elevation in meters according sudutantena klino the station opposite, calculate the curvature of the earth based on the calculation danbandingkan the contours on the topographic map

7. When the direction of the best danelevasi estimated to have achieved it if necessary dapatdilakukan polarization reversal from a horizontal to a vertical antenna beam width untukmempersempit and increase the focus of transmission, the second condition titikmempergunakan same antenna (parabolic grid) and the second point must be the same polarisasiantena (meaning on the opposite side of the polarization antenna must also be reversed menjadivertical)

Radio Connection Tests

Measurement noise and signal levels at the time of pointing WLAN devices will only give an overview of the quality of radio transmissions only. While in data communications, it is necessary also measured the overall quality of the data packet transmission. This will determine the overall service quality to users.

1. Do pengujiansignal, similar to the noise test, it's just that at this point the antenna and cables (including POE) has been linked to a radio device

2. Sesuaikanchannel and name of the SSID (Network Name) to the identity of the BTS / AP objectives, encryption Similarly, if the MAC address authentication is used in AP harusdidefinisikan the first such station MAC Address

3. Bilamenggunakan Radius authentication, make sure the setting has been appropriate and previously the mechanism before reinstalling cobalahterlebih

4. Perhatikanbahwa most radio device is to act as a bridge and bekerjaberdasarkan introduction of the MAC Address, IP Address, so that didefinisikanberfungsi as a utility interface based on SNMP protocol only, sehinggatidak need to be incorporated into the routing table

5. Table routingdidefinisikan on (PC) router where radio equipment is installed, for WirelessIn A Box which is separate from the device (PC) router, then on device yangmenghadap to the radio device also enter an IP Address the same subnet denganIP Address that has been defined in a radio device, so that yangdipasang utility in the router can identify the radio

6. Lakukancontinuos ping to test the stability of the connection and knowing PER

7. When telahstabil and minimum strenght good signal (after deducting the noise) makalakukan test throughput by performing an FTP connection (with a FTP client software) to an FTP server near you (ideally at the server point of destination BTS), the average throughput kondisiideal will balance both when downloading and up load , the maximum throughput on the radio 1 mbps connection is around 600 kbps and the maximum MTU perTCP connection with 40 kbps can be achieved in 1500

8. Selanjutnyagunakan mass software download manager that supports TCP connection secarasimultan (concurrent), do a connection to an FTP server near you with harapanmaksimum 5 kbps throughput per TCP connection, it can be switched around 120session simultaneous (concurrent), assumption 5 x 120 = 600

9. Or dengancara a more simple, use a smaller scale, 12 per session trouhput concurrentconnection with 5 kbps, what is the total throughput bisamencapai 60 kbps (average)? if achieved, the stability of the connection should be at the maximum level dapatdijamin

In setiaptingkat loading stages, consider whether the RRT pingmeningkat, the figure approached around 100 ms was considered normal

Anticipate Interference

In the self-regulated environment is the main principle of shared access (sharing) a limited resource that is frequency. So the interference must be accepted as a necessity. However, there are still limits to the extent where the interference is acceptable and each operator and the user can try to as much as possible or as much as possible to avoid interference as well as preventing him to not cause excessive interference that can disrupt the service or other users in the unlicensed band plan.

1. Being conservative (limiting the transmit power - "do not yell") at the time of sending so it does not monopolize the channel and remain moderate at the time received (using the device with high sensitivity - "widen the hearing")

2. For any reason you should never use a power amplifier (amplifier / booster) because it will accelerate the degradation of performance, capacity-frequency (frequency re-use) so not only detrimental to all people but in the end our own will also be difficulties using the optimal frequency. Use other ways to resolve the situation without having to use the power amplifier.Amplifier / booster is not the final solution in any condition

3. Adhere to the Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 2 of 2005 which basically limit the transmit power (power output) devices and a maximum of 100 mw EIRP or overall performance (including antenna gain), a maximum of four watts (36 dbm) and only use the device that has passed the test and obtain certification official from the Directorate of Standardization DGPT

4. Connect the antenna with a maximum height in accordance with the planned coverage area through the calculation of link budget analysis. For example planned base stations will have a 3 km radius coverage area based on link budget analysis and visual simulation software known RMW maximum height is 20 m antenna with an antenna elevation angle 5 degrees. There is no point in installing the antenna is too high to reach (coverage area) that is too far exceeding demand. This fact resulted in the system will come "hear" the transmission of other operators who really do not need to "hear" and resulted in an increase of "noise" that decreases the ability of our service (performance degradation and capacity handling)

5. Noting and calculating the estimated link budget analysis of existing systems of other base stations in surrounding areas to know the coverage area and visualization of radiation transmission in order to know at what point it will happen overlap or cross section (the intersection of mutually weaken the transmission signal) to the BTS system that we have planned so that it can think about how to avoid them

6. Reduce the transmit power (EIRP total) for example by lowering the gain of the antenna to reduce the cross section and narrowing the coverage area combined with the height of the antenna set

7. Changing the default configuration DTIM, RTS / CTS, Fragmentation treshold so different from other BTS system to enhance the ability of CSMA / CA

8. Change and reduce the MTU (packet fragmentation) to enable the protocol to enlarge sharing opportunities (scheduling). But this method can reduce the throughput of the system because the number of queues. On condition that has been saturated density, can lead to degradation and even traffic jams due to the many processes of packet retransmissions. So it needs trial and error to find the best combination between DTIM, the RTC / CTS, Fragmentation threshold and MTU

9. Sharing of resources owned by another operator base stations is the most appropriate way to maintain a limited frequency capacity in order not to become saturated because of the many competing BTS. Better to maximize the utilization of a BTS that is shared rather than each service having each BTS but not used optimally

10. Willing at all times lower power and antenna height base stations, reducing the micro-cell coverage area and to optimize the density and still provide opportunities for new players to join

11. Using the band plan or different transmission media for the channel between the BTS (backhaul). For example using a band 5.x GHz or plan to use fiber optic media

12. Unlicensed band does not mean the band is not applicable plan rules. There are manners and ethics that still must be maintained. The core release of a band plan is to give flexibility to the community to regulate itself (self-regulated) the use of frequencies without the need to ask permission to remain in compliance with the Government of the origin of technical corridor (restrictions on transmit power and maximum EIRP) as well as using devices that have been officially certified

13. The implementation of the ethics of self-regulated, among others, strengthen cooperation and share resources, coordination between new and old players, respect and the prioritization of the existing infrastructure that has been more used to be in the area.

Google Success Stories

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Fri, 04 Jun 2010 22:59:00 +0000

In the list of richest people in the United States recently, slipping two names are pretty phenomenal. Was young, he was only in the early 30's, but his wealth reaches billions of dollars. Name two of them are Larry Page and Sergey Brin. They are the founders of Google, the data search sites on the Internet's most famous moment.

Regardless of the amount of their wealth, there are some things that need to be copied from their success stories. One thing's first, called Sergey Brin, who now serves as President of Google's technology, which is about the power of simplicity. According to him, simplicity is a web browser like internet. And, Google succeeded because using that philosophy, the web presents not only easy to find information, but also nice people.

The second key to success is their integrity to achieve their dreams. They are willing to drop out of their doctoral program at Stanford University to develop a google. They did not initially seek profits from the project. In fact, the two men set out from a simple idea. Namely, how to help many people to facilitate the search for sources of information and data in cyberspace. They're very confident, their ideas will be very useful for many people to make it easier to find any data on the Internet.

Another key to success is that they do not forget about those services that support their success. Larry and Sergey are watching the welfare of human resources at Google. His office called the Googleplex crowned as the best places to work in America in 2007 by Fortune magazine. There is very familial atmosphere, there was free food three times a day, there is a treatment for babies of young mothers, even electronic massage chairs also available. They realize, behind successful innovation does Google, there are many doctorates in mathematics and the best graduates from various universities to help them.

Larry and Sergey had never thought Google would be as successful now. Both men are born from a family scientist Sergey's father is a doctor of mathematics, while Larry is the son of the late first doctorate in the United States this computer is just left of a simple problem. They try to solve these problems, and share with others. However, even with their simplicity and integrity, able to make Google is now a leading search engine, visited by more than 300 million people per day. Translated into 88 languages with the stock value reached more than 500 U.S. dollars per share, making a simplicity transformed into extraordinary powers.

A noble intention, though simple as any, if based on hard work and high integrity, will produce something special. This is shown by the examples of success stories Larry Page and Sergey Brin at the top. Google proved that they founded have helped many people to be able to get anything from the internet. And now, they also get a reward that they are not even suspected before. True success is going to feel when we can share. And, Larry and Sergey to prove himself. (source: andriewongso.com)

Genetic algorithms

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Fri, 04 Jun 2010 22:45:00 +0000

Genetic algorithms are search techniques in computer science to find approximate solutions to optimization and search problems. Genetic algorithm is a special class of evolutionary algorithms using techniques inspired by evolutionary biology such as inheritance, mutation, natural selection and recombination (or crossover)
Genetic algorithm is a heuristic search algorithm based on the mechanism of biological evolution.
The diversity of biological evolution is a variation of the chromosomes of individual organisms. Kromsom variations will affect the reproductive rate and level of ability to stay alive oraginisme.
Genetic algorithms was first developed by John Holland in the 1970s in New York, United States. He and his students and coworkers produced a book titled "adaption in Natural and Artificial Systems" in 1975.
Genetic algorithms applied especially as computer simulations where a population of abstract representations (called chromosomes) of candidate solutions (called individuals) to an optimization problem will develop into solutions better.

How fast the processor heat

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Mon, 29 Dec 2008 10:58:00 +0000

How fast the processor heat

we often neglect after the computer has long been our life and enjoy it to be sure we will care

So that a problem arises, such as fast Prosesornya so hot then do not panic first. Alhamdulillah and have few tips from me to them, happy to try!

1. The first solution is to add extra fan on your case

2. Clean the dust-dust in it.

3. Tighten and also between the CPU fan

The Blogger Navbar

noreply@blogger.com (information technology) — Tue, 23 Dec 2008 11:00:00 +0000

The Blogger Navbar

Navbar is a compendium of Navigation Bar is a frame that is on a blog or website, there are generally Navbar on the top (above) or a web blog. for this opportunity EDIT_HTML will discuss about the blogger Navbar navbar which can be removed or diremove. omission which is done illegally, and could allow a blog will be banned in the block or pemakaiannya by bloggers. but disisilain EDIT_HTML will explain the CSS code is used only in the knowledge to edit HTML Blogger.

Steps undertaken are as follows:
1. Log in to the control panel (log in) blogger you precisely in the sub menu Edit Template Template namely (Edit HTML)
2. CSS definition paste on the top of the template code:
>

-----------------------------------------------
Blogger Template Style
Name: Rounders
Designer: Douglas Bowman
URL: www.stopdesign.com
Date: 27 Feb 2004
Updated by: Blogger Team
----------------------------------------------- */

#navbar-iframe {
display: none !important;
}

/* Variable definitions
====================


...

* code ccs the background color is green HTML hack to Remove Blogger Navbar and to return to the form you can just delete it again.

Congratulations try.