KostasGeorgioyTechSite

Μαθητική Εφημερίδα του Γυμνασίου Νέας Βύσσας

2012-06-09T08:32:00.001+03:00

Μαθητική Εφημερίδα Γυμνασίου Νέας Βύσσας

The art of Making, Alma Flamenca

2012-06-04T10:26:00.004+03:00

We Had No Idea That Making iPads Was Such A Horrible Business

2012-04-29T07:17:00.001+03:00

Shares of Chinese electronics manufacturing giant Foxconn plunged 16% on Friday after the company's parent Hon Hai Precision Industry reported lower profits thanks to higher labor costs.

This is not surprising: As Nomura recently pointed out, despite the slowdown in the Chinese economy, the shortage of labor (and therefore wage inflation) is a problem that's actually worsening.

Foxconn, of course, is the infamous manufacturer of all of Apple's huge hit, which prompted us to look at how its stock has done against Apple over the years.

Here's a 5-year look via Bloomberg.

Green = Apple
Orange = Foxconn

Bloomberg

Who knew that building iPhones and iPads was such a bad business?

UPDATE: This chart from Nomura helps clarify the problem at Foxconn/Hon Hai.

The red bar is year-over-year profit growth for the year. The grey bar is earnings growth.

Basically, despite big top-line growth, you haven't had earnings growth since 2007. 2008 and 2009 cancel each other out, and then despite huge revenue gains in 2010 and 2011, there's been no earnings growth.

Nomura projects nice revenue and earnings growth over the next two years (because Foxconn will continue moving inland in a search for lower wages and higher margins) but that's obviously pure speculation and right now the market isn't buying it at all.

One other interesting note: According to Nomura, 50% of the company's revenue will be Apple compared to just over 30% in 2011.

Please follow Money Game on Twitter and Facebook.

Follow Joe Weisenthal on Twitter.
Ask Joe A Question >

Tags: Apple, Foxconn | Get Alerts for these topics »

iOS continues to smash Android in the enterprise market

2012-04-27T08:27:00.004+03:00

iOS continues to smash Android in the enterprise market

By Cam Bunton April 26, 2012 8:59 am EST Comments

A few days back, Apple launched a brand new iPhone 4S page to show the benefits of iOS in business. It gives really helpful tips and app suggestions to help enterprises make the most of their Apple smartphone. With BlackBerry falling by the way-side and businesses looking for the best alternative, Cupertino has chosen the perfect time to suggest why iOS is indeed the best choice for enterprises. Not that it needs any help.

Good Technology released a press release today to announce specifics on smartphone and tablet activations within companies. As you can see from the chart above, the iPhone 4S is by far the most popular smartphone with businesses. Interestingly, the iPad 2 is the second most popular device, with iPhone 4 and the new iPad taking up 3rd and 4th place. After that it’s the old faithfuls: iPad and iPhone 3GS. Seemingly the 3GS is more popular than even the Galaxy SII, Nexus or Droid. Not bad for a phone that’s approaching its 3rd anniversary.

Above, it’s even more clear how dominant iOS is in the enterprise market, taking a whopping 80%. In a lot of cases, companies run a “bring your own device” scheme. But, for those where the company owns the handsets and provides them to staff, iPhone is almost always preferred to Android.

Interestingly, even when the platforms are split up in to tablets and smartphones, iOS tablets are still more popular than Android phones. When it comes to longevity in the smartphone/mobile device world, if you can get in with corporations and enterprises, you’ll go far. You can be certain that BlackBerry would be nowhere without its years of loyal custom from large and small businesses. Apple has managed to conquer both the consumer and enterprise market, and establish itself as the brand to beat in both.

Full Press Release:

iPHONE 4S HITS RECORD HIGH ACTIVATIONS WHILE iPADS CONTINUE TO DOMINATE
ENTERPRISE TABLET ACTIVATIONS ACCORDING TO GOOD TECHNOLOGY’S Q1 2012 DEVICE
ACTIVATION REPORT

Good Technology Sees Significant Growth as Q1 Activations Nearly Double the
Previous Two Quarters Combined

SUNNYVALE, Calif. – April 26, 2012 – Good Technology (www.good.com) the
leading provider of secure and managed enterprise mobility and collaboration
tools for a range of mobile devices, today released its quarterly device
activation report for the first quarter of 2012. The full report
(www.good.com/resources/Good_Data_Q1_2012.pdf) provides a breakdown of
smartphone and tablet devices activated amongst Good’s enterprise customers,
which include eight of the top 10 financial institutions, seven of the top
10 healthcare organizations, half of the Fortune 100, and companies from
every major industry. The results demonstrate that companies continue to
embrace the ‘bring your own device’ (BYOD) trend and accept new devices into
the enterprise.

The Q1 findings showed that Apple’s iPhone 4S hit a record high, claiming
the number one device spot overall, with 37 percent of all activations for
the first quarter (four times that of any other device). The iPad(tm) 2
claimed the second spot overall, with 17.7 percent of activations for the
quarter. With less than one month on the market, the new iPad(tm), released
in March 2012
(http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/03/07Apple-Launches-New-iPad.html)
rocketed to the number four spot with 4.3 percent of all activations for the
quarter, and an impressive 12.1 percent of activations in March alone.

Amongst Android(tm) devices, the Motorola Droid(tm) took the top spot, with
1.6 percent of all activations, making it the seventh most popular device
for the quarter. Overall, Android smartphones represented 26.1 percent of
all activations for the quarter, while Android tablets came in at 2.7
percent.

BYOD and Tablets Drive Substantial Year-over-Year and Quarter-over-Quarter
Activation Growth for Good

As the leader in enabling BYOD, Good Technology is seeing rapid growth in
both the quantity and size of its customers’ deployments. The number of
Good customers deploying iOS and/or Android devices grew by more than 50
percent over the past 12 months, while the average Good customer deployment
size more than doubled over the same period. Even more impressive, in Q1
2012 alone, Good’s activations grew by 50 percent over Q4 2011, and were
nearly double the two previous quarters combined.

“BYOD smartphones and tablets combined with proactive, company-owned iPad
deployments are driving rapid growth both the size and number of new
deployments amongst our customers,” said John Herrema, Good Technology’s SVP
of Corporate Strategy. “This includes significant growth in the number of
Good users who have both a smartphone and a tablet, with the iPhone 4S and
iPad 2 as the most frequently occurring combination.”

Enterprise Users Driving Tablet Adoption

A recent Gartner press release
(http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1980115)1 forecasts 118.9 million
tablets will be sold this year. Good found that iPads collectively
represented roughly 97.3 percent of its tablet activations for Q1 2012.
Apple’s continued growth is not only being driven by consumers and the
overall BYOD trend, but also by proactive enterprise deployment of iPads.
Apple’s iPhones and iPads remain the clear choice amongst end users when it
comes to both BYOD and large company-driven deployments in verticals such as
Financial Services, Business and Professional Services, Life Sciences and
Healthcare.

Life Sciences witnessed the highest rate of growth in the quarter for iPad
net activations by industry, steadily increasing from less than three
percent in October 2011 to nearly 14 percent in January 2012. This growth
mirrors anecdotal data around proactive iPad deployments to sales forces in
that industry, most notably among Pharmaceutical and Biotech companies.

“With Windows 8, we expect more competition for Apple(r) and the iPad in
the enterprise tablet space, especially for proactive, company-owned device
deployments,” said John Herrema, Good Technology’s SVP Corporate Strategy.
“On the smartphone side, we just released support for Windows Phone 7.5 last
week and it will be interesting to see how it performs over the coming
quarters.”

About Good Technology
Good Technology combines award-winning enterprise-grade mobile security and
control with an exceptional user experience, allowing enterprise and
government employees to connect, communicate, and collaborate on iPads(tm),
iPhones(r), Android(tm), Windows Phone and other leading smartphone
platforms. Good opens new possibilities for maximizing business and personal
productivity by providing secure, easy-to-use, and instant mobile access to
email, collaboration, application, document editing and device management
capabilities on iOS and Android devices. Good also enables secure mobile
application and secure, custom social media platform development. Discover
more at www.good.com.

http://www.todaysiphone.com/2012/04/ios-continues-to-smash-android-in-the-enterprise-market/?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+TodaysIphone+%28Todays+iPhone+-+latest+posts%29

ΔΟΥΛΕΜΠΟΡΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΜΠΛΟΥΖ

2012-04-20T18:15:00.000+03:00

20 ΑΠΡ 2012

ΔΟΥΛΕΜΠΟΡΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΜΠΛΟΥΖ

Των: Δημήτρη Επικούρη-Μαρίας Καστανή-Θεόφιλου Μπαγιάστα

Αφιερωμένο σε όλους τους φίλους που πραγματικά αγαπούν τα μπλουζ και αφιλοκερδώς προσπαθούν να τα αναδείξουν όπως οι υπογράφοντες το παρακάτω άρθρο. Παρακαλούνται οι γιαλαντζί και ακούσιοι «μάνατζερς» μπλουζ σχημάτων και λοιποί μπλουζοκάπηλοι να το αγνοήσουν μιας και τέτοιου είδους θέματα δεν άπτονται των ενδιαφερόντων τους.

I don't want you to be no slave
I don't want you to work all day
I don't want you to be true
I just want to make love to you

I don't want you to wash my clothes
I don't want you to keep my home
I don't want your money too
I just want to make love to you

Well I can see by the way that you switch and walk
And I can tell by the way that you baby talk
And I know by the way that you treat your man
I wanna love you baby, it's a cryin' shame

I don't want you to bake my bread
I don't want you to make my bed
I don't want you cause I'm sad and blue
I just want to make love to you΄.

Willie Dixon, (τραγουδισμένο από τον Muddy Waters).

Το δουλεμπόριο των Νέγρων αναμφίβολα είναι από τα αισχρότερα κεφάλαια της ανθρώπινης ιστορίας Ένας ανθρώπινος εφιάλτης που δυστυχώς έγινε πραγματικότητα. Και όμως, αυτοί οι σκλάβοι που τραγουδούσαν και χόρευαν, δημιούργησαν μία μουσική που επηρέασε όλο το δυτικό κόσμο αρκετά αργότερα. Από αυτούς τους νέγρους σκλάβους, γεννήθηκε το μπλουζ και η τζαζ.

Μεταξύ του 15ου και 19ου αιώνα, οι Πορτογάλοι, οι Ισπανοί, οι Ολλανδοί, οι Γάλλοι, οι Βέλγοι και οι Βρετανοί χρησιμοποιούσαν τους σκλάβους σαν ένα σημαντικό τμήμα του εργατικού τους δυναμικού. Οι σκλάβοι ήταν ένα ζωτικό κομμάτι της οικονομικής ανάπτυξης αυτών των χωρών και μεταφέρονταν σε περιοχές του Νέου Κόσμου όπου υπήρχαν αποικίες των προαναφερθέντων χωρών στην Καραϊβική και στις Αμερικανικές Ηπείρους. Το 1713, η εταιρία British South Sea Company αποκτά το αποκλειστικό δικαίωμα να προμηθεύει την αμερικάνικη ήπειρο με δούλους. Έτσι, στη νέα ήπειρο και συγκεκριμένα στο Jamestown της πολιτείας της Virginia φτάνουν οι πρώτοι νέγροι σκλάβοι. Ήταν το «σωτήριο» έτος 1619. Μεταξύ του 1641 και του 1661 στις πολιτείες της Μασαχουσέτης, του Κονέκτικατ και τις Βιρτζίνια, θεσπίζονται οι πρώτοι νόμοι που αφορούν τη μεταχείριση των σκλάβων που είχαν δραπετεύσει αλλά συλληφθεί.

Από την εξαιρετική εργασία του Δρ. Στέλιου Φραγκόπουλου (Η Ιστορία της Τεχνολογίας) παραθέτουμε ορισμένες αξιοσημείωτες πληροφορίες σχετικά με την ανάπτυξη των δουλεμπορικών κέντρων στις ΗΠΑ.

«Στο δεύτερο μισό του 17oυ αιώνα αναπτύχθηκε στις νότιες επαρχίες της Βόρειας Αμερικής το σύστημα των μεγάλων αγροκτημάτων (φυτείες), το οποίο απαιτούσε τεράστιο αριθμό εργατικών χεριών. Έτσι άρχισε η μαζική εισαγωγή μαύρων δούλων από την Αφρική. Μερικές παράλιες πόλεις των σημερινών ΗΠΑ αναπτύχθηκαν αρχικά ως δουλεμπορικά κέντρα. Στις βόρειες επαρχίες των αγγλικών αποικιών απασχολούνταν οι μαύροι κυρίως στις οικιακές και αγροτικές εργασίες, στις νότιες επαρχίες όμως κυρίως στις φυτείες. Σταδιακά έγινε η παρουσία των (άμισθων) δούλων στις φυτείες οικονομικός παράγων, χωρίς τον οποίο η αγροτική παραγωγή δεν ήταν ανταγωνιστική. Έτσι, την εποχή του πολέμου της αμερικάνικης ανεξαρτησίας (1776-1783) οι μαύροι είχαν μετατραπεί με ειδικούς σκληρούς νόμους σε δούλους με πλήρη εξάρτηση από τον κύριό τους, για τους οποίους αυτός είχε δικαίωμα ζωής και θανάτου - μια επιστροφή στις συνθήκες της αρχαίας Ρώμης.

Στα τέλη του 18oυ αιώνα εκτελούσαν τα εγγλέζικα εμπορικά πλοία ταξίδια για την κάλυψη του λεγόμενου «τριγωνικού εμπορίου»: μετέφεραν από τα βρετανικά λιμάνια, κυρίως το Λίβερπουλ, μέταλλα, υφάσματα και όπλα στη βάση του Cape Coast στη σημερινή Γκάνα της Δυτικής Αφρικής. Από εκεί παραλάμβαναν νεαρούς νέγρους, τους οποίους στοίβαζαν στα αμπάρια του πλοίου και τους παρέδιδαν, όσους επιζούσαν, σε δουλεμπόρους στα νησιά της Καραϊβικής. Επιστρέφοντας δε πάλι στα βρετανικά λιμάνια μετέφεραν ζάχαρη, καπνό κ.ά. Εκτιμάται ότι στα πλαίσια αυτού του τριγωνικού εμπορίου μεταφέρθηκαν περί τα 13 εκατομμύρια Αφρικανοί στην αμερικάνικη ήπειρο.

Η ζωή των μαύρων στον αμερικάνικο Νότο περιγράφεται, εκτός από χρονικογράφους της εποχής και από πολλούς λογοτέχνες (Harriet Beecher Stowe: Η καλύβα του Μπαρμπα-Θωμά, 1852), οι οποίοι μετέφεραν σε όλο τον πολιτισμένο κόσμο (τότε περίπου η Ευρώπη), ιδίως κατά το 19ο αιώνα, τις πληροφορίες για τα συμβαίνοντα στην Αμερική. Οι περιγραφές αυτές αναφέρονται σε εγκλήματα χωρίς κυρώσεις από λευκούς κτηματίες αλλά και εργάτες, όπως ομαδικοί βιασμοί κοριτσιών και γυναικών, σφράγισμα δούλων με πυρακτωμένο σίδερο, μαζικές εκτελέσεις δραπετών κτλ. Μέχρι την έκρηξη του αμερικάνικου εμφύλιου πολέμου το 1861, αναφέρονται φρικιαστικά γεγονότα για τη μεταχείριση μαύρων δούλων στις φυτείες των νότιων πολιτειών της Αμερικής.

Σε όλη τη διάρκεια του δουλεμπορίου, το οποίο απέφερε τεράστια κέρδη στις κοινωνίες των Ευρωπαίων εποίκων στην Αμερική, προσπάθησαν διάφοροι θεολόγοι να εξηγήσουν ότι η δουλεία είναι συμβατή με τη χριστιανική θρησκεία, π.χ. ότι «οι μαύροι άνθρωποι είναι διασταύρωση του Κάιν με θηλυκό πίθηκο», άρα ευτελές βιολογικό είδος. Αυτά από τον θεολόγο-ιεραπόστολο Thomas Thompson (σε μονογραφία του στα τέλη του 18ου αιώνα), από τον καθηγητή Charles Caroll («The Negro a beast», 1900) κ.ά. Το έτος 1818 η Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία της Βλαχίας θεωρούσε τους Αθίγγανους «γεννημένους σκλάβους»!

(http://sfrang.blogspot.com/2006/10/blog-post_17.html)

Εν κατακλείδι, 35-40 εκατομμύρια άνθρωποι αιχμαλωτίστηκαν από την Αφρική με προορισμό να πουληθούν σαν σκλάβοι στην Αμερική αλλά μονάχα 13-15 εκατομμύρια πάτησαν το πόδι τους στη Νέα Ήπειρο (Alexander Falcolnbridge , An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa (1790) ), Gad Heuman and James Walvin , The Atlantic Slave Trade (2003)).

Από τη δημοφιλή Αμερικανική τηλεοπτική σειρά «Roots» (Ρίζες) μαθαίνουμε για τις διαθέσεις των δουλεμπόρων που απρόκλητα ασελγούσαν πάνω στις σκλάβες που μετέφεραν. Χρησιμοποιούσαν τη φράση «Belly warmer» (θερμάστρα της κοιλιάς) όχι μόνο για να απλώσουν πάνω στις κοιλιές των γυναικών τα πόδια τους αλλά και για να συνουσιαστούν μαζί τους. Από τη σειρά, ο παρακάτω διάλογος μεταξύ του καπετάνιου ενός δουλεμπορικού και ενός μέλους του πληρώματος:

Crew Member: "Captain"
Captain: "Yes"
Crew Member: "Will you be needing a belly warmer tonight?"

(http://www.vernonjohns.org/snuffy1186/roots.html)

Μέσα στα δουλεμπορικά πλοία, οι συνθήκες υγιεινής, ήταν ανύπαρκτες. Οι σκλάβοι στοιβάζονταν όλοι μαζί με τα κορμιά τους να εφάπτονται μεταξύ τους. Η ακινησία, ο ανύπαρκτος χώρος, οι άθλιες συνθήκες διαβίωσης εν πλω και η κακής ποιότητα τροφή που δινόταν στους σκλάβους, έγινε αιτία στο να προκληθούν πολλές αρρώστιες μέσα στα αμπάρια των δουλεμπορικών πλοίων (βλέπε σχετική φωτό). Οι σκλάβοι που ήταν βαριά άρρωστοι αλλά και όσοι από αυτούς έχαναν τη ζωή τους, είχαν τη μεταχείριση άχρηστων αντικειμένων τους οποίους οι δουλέμποροι ξεφορτώνονταν πετώντας τους στη θάλασσα (Ottobah Cugoano , Narrative of the Enslavement of a Native of Africa (1787), [Thomas Phillips, ένας πλοίαρχος δουλεμπορικού, εξιστορεί τις δραστηριότητες των δουλεμπόρων στο A Journal of a Voyage (1746)

Όταν ο Χριστιανισμός επιβλήθηκε στους σκλάβους και δια της βίας αντικατέστησε την Αφρικανική τους θρησκευτική παράδοση, οι σκλάβοι ανάμειξαν τους χριστιανικούς ύμνους με τις μουσικές παραδόσεις των χαμένων τόπων τους.

(Δρ. Robinson Milwood, PhD, “European Christianity and the Atlantic Slave Trade, Leroi Jones, The Blues People, επίσης: http://www.soundjunction.org/howtheslavetradeaffectedmusicanintroduction.aspa)

Μέσα από τις ατέλειωτες φυτείες του Αμερικάνικου Νότου κανείς μπορούσε να ακούσει τις μακρόσυρτες προσευχές τους συνοδευόμενες από επαναλαμβανόμενα πολυφωνικά άσματα. Τα βράδια, μετά την εξαντλητική τους εργασία, οι σκλάβοι στη νέα ήπειρο, συγκεντρώνονταν και συνέχιζαν να τραγουδούν υποβοηθούμενοι από τους ήχους αυτοσχέδιων τυμπάνων που γρήγορα όμως οι δουλέμποροι κατήργησαν φοβούμενοι ότι με αυτό τον τρόπο ίσως οι σκλάβοι κατάφερναν να αναπτύξουν κάποιο σύστημα επικοινωνίας και συνωμοτήσουν ώστε να εξεγερθούν.

Τα αυτοσχέδια αυτά τραγούδια των σκλάβων αντανακλούσαν λύπη και απόγνωση καταπιεσμένων ανθρώπων. Τα παιδιά αυτών των σκλάβων, που γεννήθηκαν μέσα στις αφιλόξενες φάρμες του αμερικανικού νότου, έγιναν οι πρώτοι μουσικοί και τραγουδιστές της μπλουζ μουσικής (Charlie Patton, Robert Johnson, Willie Dixon, Magic Sam, Bo Diddley, Sonny Boy Williamson II, Howlin' Wolf, Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker & B.B. King από την περιοχή του Mississippi ενώ ο Jimmy Witherspoon ήταν από το Arkansas, οι Blind Willie McTell and Tampa Red από τη Georgia και o Leadbelly, η Memphis Minnie and ο Little Walter από τη Louisiana.

ΕΠΙΠΡΟΣΘΕΤΗ ΕΝΔΕΙΚΤΙΚΗ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ
1. LEROI JONES, “THE BLUES PEOPLE”

2. ALAN LOMAX, THE LAND WHERE THE BLUES BEGAN (http://www.folkstreams.net/film,109)

3.ROBERT SANTELLI, “THE BIG BOOK OF BLUES-A BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA”

4.PAUL OLIVER, “THE STORY OF THE BLUES”

5. ROBERT GORDON, “CAN’T BE SATISFIED, THE LIFE AND TIMES OF MUDDY WATERS”.

6.GAYLE DEAN WARDLOW, “CHASIN’ THAT DEVIL MUSIC-SEARCHING FOR TE BLUES”

http://rhythmichorizons.blogspot.com/2012/04/blog-post_20.html

The True cost of an Iphone

2012-04-06T13:57:00.001+03:00

Created by MBAonline.com

Two Years Later, iPad Apps Rule The World

2012-04-01T11:12:00.000+03:00

Two Years Later, iPad Apps Rule The World [Report]

Alex Heath (11:00 am PDT, Mar 28)

Photo by David - http://flic.kr/p/9BzXiy

The first iPad was debuted by Steve Jobs to thunderous applause on March 12, 2010. Many media pundits criticized the tablet for its ridiculous name and called it a huge flop. Fast forward two years later, and we couldn’t imagine a world without the iPad. It has shaped what Apple has dubbed the “post-PC era.”

Over 50 million iPads have been sold to date, and Apple just sold 3 million third-generation iPads over launch weekend. Most tablet manufacturers dream of selling 3 million units in a year, but analysts estimate that Apple will sell an upwards of 66 million iPads in 2012 alone. That is an absolutely astounding figure.

A new report from app analytics firm Distimo takes a look at the iPad and its App Store footprint two years later. Let’s take a closer look:

There are over 180,000 apps for the iPad in the App Store. Comparatively, Distimo concludes that theiPad App Store is basically on the same growth pace as the iPhone. The App Store had 200,000 iPhone apps available after two years. Universal apps that run on both the iPhone and iPad have grown from representing 33% of the App Store in May of 2010 to over 61% this year. As you can tell from the graph, universal apps still account for a very large part of the iPad’s App Store footprint, indicating that developers prefer to package their apps for the iPad and iPhone together into one download.

The iPad App Store is the second largest mobile app marketplace in existence, trailing behind the iPhone. Unsurprisingly, Google Play (formerly the Android Market) comes in third, although only 32,000 Android apps have been optimized for tablets.

Not only does the iPad boast the largest app store, but it also features the most expensive store, according to Distimo. In-app purchases, a feature Apple introduced for the App Store in February of last year, are now implemented in 10% of all iPad apps. 6% of all iPhone apps feature in-app purchases. iPadowners spend $70,000 per day in iOS 5’s Newsstand for subscription-based content from publishers.

When we look at the top 200 top grossing applications in each of those stores 74%, 80% and 56% of the applications feature in-app purchases in the Apple App Store for iPad, the Apple App Store for iPhone and Google Play, respectively. This means that regardless of the proportion of applications that feature in-app purchase, the model is adopted by the majority of the top grossing applications in each store. Therefore, for many developers it is a serious backdrop that other app stores like Windows Phone 7 Marketplace do not (yet) support in-app purchases, as these figures have proven it to be a successful business model for developers.

The most popular App Store categories on the iPad continue to be Games (50% of all top paid apps are games) and Entertainment. Interestingly, weather apps have become pretty popular on the iPad, as they are downloaded the most. More specific categories like Business and Medical contain more paid apps and less downloads.

Distimo reveals that China has overtaken the U.S. in free app downloads for the iPad. “During February 2012, the number of daily downloads among the top 300 most popular free applications in China exceeded 1.1M, while the volume among the top 300 most popular free applications on each day in the United States was just below 1M,” notes Distimo.

Interestingly, downloads in the U.S during February 2012 dropped significantly while China’s interest in apps continues to skyrocket. To be clear, the U.S. is still the top grossing country for iPad apps, but more free app downloads are coming out of China now. Distimo says that developers should consider marketing paid apps or in-app purchases to countries like the U.S., United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada.

To conclude, Distimo has complied a list of the highest ranked all time app publishers for the iPad. It’s no surprise that Apple sits on top with apps like Pages from the iWork suite:

http://www.cultofmac.com/156895/two-years-later-ipad-apps-rule-the-world-report/

Apple Execs Cash In $314 Million In Stock In Last Few Days

2012-03-28T20:33:00.000+03:00

Apple Execs Cash In $314 Million In Stock In Last Few Days

Jake Smith (10:11 pm PDT, Mar 27)

Apple’s stock price hit an all-time high today of $614.48, making it the perfect time for shareholders to sell off some stock. That includes five of Apple’s top executives, who have cashed in a total of $314 million in the last few days that was previously awarded to them in 2008, according to filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. CEO Tim Cook leads the way, selling a total of 200,000 shares — for an impressive $119,715,170 pay out.

But he’s not the only one…

Apple continues to explode on the stock market, retaining its rank as the world’s most valuable company — beating out oil giant Exxon. Apple’s market cap is currently sitting at $572 billion, which is 20 points more than Google and Microsoft’s combined.

CEO Tim Cook cashed out a total of $130 million during the month of March, after gaining $11 million from selling shares earlier this month. Not bad, on top of his yearly salary.

Here’s what the executives cashed in:

Tim Cook – Apple CEO

200,000 shares sold; stock prices ranging from $596.05-606.80 on 3/24/2012.

Total value: $119,715,170

Philip Schiller – Senior VP of Worldwide Marketing

64,151 shares sold; stock prices ranging from $602.30-603.05 on 3/24/2012.

Total value: $38,661,014

Peter Openheimer – Senior VP and CFO

150,000 shares sold; stock prices ranging from $596.05-599.33 on 3/24/2012.

Total value: $89,624,444

Robert Mansfield – Senior VP Hardware Engineering

56,016 shares sold at $596.05 on 3/24/2012. Awarded 122,000 shares of restricted stock.

Total value: $33,388,336

Scott Forstall – Senior VP iOS Software

55,849 shares sold at $596.05 on 3/24/2011. Awarded 122,000 shares of restricted stock.

Total value: $33,288,796

Total dollar amount combined: $314,677,763.28

With another earnings call quickly approaching, we expect Apple to report some pretty impressive numbers that will help its continued raid on the stock market. Not only will the company report impressive iPhone sales, but sales of the new iPad should be setting new records.

The Cupertino-based company’s stock price was sitting at roughly $400 per-share at the time of Steve Jobs’ death. Look how fast it’s risen, showing no sign of slowing down.

Via iPhone In Canada.

http://www.cultofmac.com/156738/apple-execs-cash-in-314-million-in-stock-in-last-few-days/?utm_medium=twit&utm_campaign=spread-us

Formulas Revealed: The Facebook and Twitter Engagement Rate

2012-03-28T19:01:00.004+03:00

Tweet and Retweet were in a boat. Tweet fell out. Who was left? Retweet.

Published: 19.03.2012 13:03 UTC

This popular Twitter joke is genius because it already includes an incentive to Retweet it! Social networks are mainly about sharing and engaging with content that´s why Socialbakers considers the Engagement Rate as the king of metrics. We decided to share the formulas with you so that you could understand this important metric better!

The Facebook Post Engagement Rate Formula

The Engagement Rate measures how well your Fans interact with your content. The Facebook Post ER formula takes into account Likes, Comments and Shares of the post to the total number of fans at the time it has been posted. Then it gets multiplied by 100 to get the final percentage that expresses how well your brand is doing in engaging your Fans!

The Tweet Engagement Rate Formula

The Tweet Engagement Rate takes into account the Replies and Retweets of the Tweet to the total number of Followers to date. Then it´s multiplied by 100 as well to provide you with the percentage of your Fan base that´s interacting with your Tweet.

And This Is What We Love To Do With It!

Choose The Period You Are Interested In And Watch Your Engagement Rate Evolve In Time

Monitor Your Daily Engagement Rate

Benchmark Your Performance With Your Competition Or Industry

Check Out Your Most Engaging Week Days…

…Your Most Engaging Time Of The Day…

…Your Brand´s Most Engaging Post Types…

…And Much More!

Sign up for a free 14-day trial with Socialbakers Engagement Analytics PRO to see how it works and to check out other Socialbakers metrics to understand how your brand is performing on Facebook and Twitter.

http://www.socialbakers.com/blog/467-formulas-revealed-the-facebook-and-twitter-engagement-rate/

Streamlining New Ipad

2012-03-28T18:55:00.001+03:00

Is The Apple Stock Price A Bubble?

2012-03-24T09:33:00.001+02:00

I’ve been thinking about buying Apple shares for a while. Unfortunately, I didn’t have any spare cash when I wanted to buy them at about $450 and the rise since then has just been spectacular. It’s also a stock I bought at $30 (unfortunately sold it at $180) when the original iPod was released so I’ve watch it closely for a number of years.

Things seem to have changed in the last 3-6 months, and with the stock price soaring at such a rate, it got me wondering if it could be a bubble? Now before the Apple fan boys start getting upset, I am in no way saying that Apple is a bad company, or that their products are not stunning because I own nearly all of them. What does seem to be happening though is that investors are piling into the stock after seeing a stunning quarter of sales (Christmas), and the frenzy is making the price grow day on day now matter what. A Bubble? Lets look at some of the info:

Remember Nokia?

Now all the Apple Fan boys will scream that Nokia is rubbish and nowhere even close to Apple at the moment and they’re right. There was a time when Nokia were exactly like Apple in that they dominated their industry were sexy as a company, their share price was doubling every few months, and could do no wrong. Have a look at the price back in 1998 starting to soar in the exact same way as the Apple price is at the moment. You have to factor in things like the market crashes, but who is to say the market doesn’t crash and catch out all Apple investors tomorrow as well anyway.

The Apple Hype Machine

As you can see below, the share price has been on the climb for the last number of years, but things have picked up since they had their blowout Christmas quarter. Analysts are talking about $1,000 and even bad news like the death of Steve Jobs and the recent slightly faulty iPad seem to be having no bearing on the price.

Apple do, of course, have the numbers to back it up in terms of sales, but what would one bad phone or product recall do? When things are going well and a bubble is emerging nobody can ever see the downside. That is why you just hear people talking about Apple as a trillion dollar company, or other crazy growth stats. When blogs, the media and analysts get caught up in that sort of hype that is when a bubble emerges. The fact that Apple is a genius when it comes to marketing only helps fuel the fire.

Plenty Of Runway Left

If the rumor mill is to be believed, we will be looking at aniPhone 5 sometime in middle of summer or early spring, which will bolster the share price further. There is also a strong possibility that we could see the emergence of Apple TV (an actual TV rather than their current offering) in time for the Christmas shopping season. Given Apple’s tendency to redefine entire industries, that could be a huge boost to the stock price.

Although Steve Jobs passed away last summer, you get the feeling we are still seeing his products and visions given the future pipeline he would have had visibility to. What happens next year when that starts to run out is the big question investors should be asking themselves. Apple also have close to $100 billion in cash at hand, but sometimes no amount of money can replace somebody like Steve Jobs and his vision. They’ll have to spend that cash though and what they buy will define their future direction somewhat.

So Bubble Or Not?

I think it’s a mini bubble. I’ve just lived through the Irish property crash, one of the biggest crashes ever on record, and this reminds me of that. When people get dollar signs in their eyes and think that free money is available, it is a very dangerous and vicious circle where nobody ever sees the crash coming. The big difference is that Apple have sound products, people love them and that shows no sign of stopping.

I know Nokia seem dead in the water now, but their position as market leader and subsequent demise shows that things can go pear shaped very quickly. If Apple roll out a successful iPhone 5 launch and Apple TV is a hit then I wouldn’t be surprised to see the stock hit $1,000, but it’s just too risky to get in now. Sometimes what goes up must come down. $500 feels like a fair price and if it was back there in 3/4 years time, I wouldn’t be surprised.

http://www.simplyzesty.com/technology/is-the-apple-stock-price-a-bubble/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+SimplyZesty+%28Simply+Zesty%29

Συνέντευξη του Ηλία Ζάικου στο Rhythmic horizons

2012-03-20T17:58:00.003+02:00

Συνέντευξη του Ηλία Ζάικου στο Rhythmic horizons

Ηλίας Ζάικος, ο ζωντανός θρύλος, ο άνθρωπος που αναμφισβήτητα έγραψε
και γράφει ιστορία στην Ελληνική blues σκηνή.

Της Μαρίας Καστανή

Κε Ζάϊκε, είστε ο παλαιότερος, ο πλέον αναγνωρισμένος και όχι αδίκως
Έλληνας μουσικός του μπλουζ. Θα θέλαμε λοιπόν να μας βοηθήσετε να σας
ψυχοδιαβάσουμε λίγο διαφορετικά και να παρουσιάσουμε στους αναγνώστες
του blog τον Ηλία το Ζάϊκο, τον άνθρωπο, τον καλλιτέχνη, τον
δημιουργό, τον πρωτοπόρο αυτού του ιδιώματος στην Ελλάδα, το ανήσυχο
πνεύμα.

Μ.Κ. Πείτε μας λίγο λοιπόν για τα παιδικά σας χρόνια. Το περιβάλλον, κοινωνικό και οικογενειακό, τις συνθήκες διαβίωσης της οικογένειάς σας και τις πρώτες σας παιδικές αναμνήσεις.

Η.Ζ. Έχω τη χαρά και τύχη να είμαι μέλος μιάς πολύ δεμένης και αγαπημένης οικογένειας. Οι άνθρωποι μου με στήριξαν και με στηρίζουν, χωρίς την αγάπη και το ενδιαφέρον τους δεν θα ήμουν αυτό που είμαι, ίσως να μην είχα καταφέρει καν να φθάσω έως εδώ. Έλκω την καταγωγή μου απο το Βατοχώρι της Φλώρινας και, παρότι δεν έζησα ποτέ μόνιμα στο χωριό, σχεδόν το σύνολο των παιδικών αναμνήσεων μου πηγάζει απο τη ζωή και τις εμπειρίες που βίωσα εκεί. Έχω μάθει τι σημαίνει να σπέρνεις και να θερίζεις, γνώρισα τη μοναξιά και τον τρόμο που φέρνει κάποτε μαζί της, την παρέα της αμόλυντης φύσης, την απόλυτη ελευθερία και τη σκληρότητα της ζωής σε απομονωμένη μικρή κοινότητα. Ήμαστε μιά φτωχή οικογένεια στα παιδικά μου χρόνια, αργότερα η κατάσταση βελτιώθηκε, σαν παιδί διέθετα ελάχιστα και είχα τα πάντα. Θα χρειάζονταν ένα βιβλίο για να σας περιγράψω αναμνήσεις, στιγμές, μυρωδιές, εικόνες.

Μ.Κ. Σαν έφηβος, πως επιλέγατε να εκφράζετε τις ανησυχίες σας;

Η.Ζ. Κυρίως με την αμφισβήτηση σε ήπιους τόνους, ενδίδοντας συχνά στη γοητεία του απαγορευμένου και κατά κύριο λόγο με την προσπάθεια να γευτώ δόσεις τέχνης απο διαφορετικές πηγές. Υπήρξα αναντίρρητα το μαύρο πρόβατο της οικογένειας, το οποίο όμως ποτέ δεν ήταν άγριο ή κακόβουλο, το αντίθετο μάλλον...

Μ.Κ. Ποια ήταν τα πρώτα σας μουσικά ακούσματα και τι ρόλο έπαιξαν στο να σας διαμορφώσουν σαν μουσικό αλλά και σαν άνθρωπο.

Η.Ζ. Μέχρι τα 16 μου περίπου δεν άκουγα ξένη μουσική, ρεμπέτικα και δημοτικά ήσαν τα κύρια ακούσματα μου. Αργότερα ανακάλυψα το ροκ των 70ς και κύρια την λεγόμενη προγκρέσιβ εκδοχή του κι απο κεί ψάχνοντας έφθασα στις πηγές. Είχα πάντα μιάν αγάπη για λαικής προέλευσης μουσικές, γοητευόμουν ανέκαθεν απο μακρόσυρτους μονοθεματικούς ρυθμούς, παράλληλα όμως με ερέθιζε τα μάλα η διάθεση εξερεύνησης, τα επικά έργα και οι δαιδαλώδεις μελωδίες - πάντα στα πλαίσια των ροκ αναζητήσεων. Πιστεύω ακράδαντα πως η ενασχόληση με την τέχνη γενικώτερα, όταν συνοδεύεται απο ειλικρινείς προθέσεις και ταπεινότητα, μαζί με αφοσίωση, δουλειά και σε βάθος προσπάθεια κατανόησης, δεν μπορεί παρά να μας κάνουν καλύτερους ανθρώπους.

Μ.Κ. Πότε πρωτοακούσατε μπλουζ και πως το δέχτηκε ο οργανισμός σας, η προσωπικότητά σας, η ιδιοσυγκρασία σας;

Η.Ζ. Μία απο τις πρώτες μου εμπειρίες ήταν η εξής. Σ'ένα δισκάδικο ενός φίλου, φοράω ακουστικά και βάζω στο πλατώ ν'ακούσω το Hard Again του Muddy Waters. Μέχρι εκείνη τη στιγμή, η επαφή μου με μπλουζ ακούσματα ήταν εξ αντανακλάσεως, μέσω τραγουδιών απο ροκ γκρούπς που φλέρταραν με την αισθητική του μπλουζ και απλά μετέφεραν μία αίσθηση του ιδιώματος, κυρίως με απλές μορφές τρίο ή κουαρτέτων. Ξάφνου, ακούω μπάσο, ντραμς, πιάνο, 3 ηλεκτρικές κιθάρες και 2 φυσαρμόνικες(!) εκ των οποίων κανείς δεν έπαιζε συγχορδίες! Μ'έπιασε πονοκέφαλος. Έφυγα απο το μαγαζί γνωρίζοντας πως είναι ανάγκη ζωής να καταφέρω κάποτε ν'αποκωδικοποιήσω ό,τι άκουσα. Νομίζω είμαι σε καλό δρόμο.

Μ.Κ. Πότε πρωτοκατεβήκατε στην Αθήνα και τι σας έκανε περισσότερο εντύπωση; Αρνητική η θετική.
Η.Ζ. Μεγάλη ιστορία... Οι πρώτες μου εμπειρίες υπήρξαν αποκαρδιωτικές... Τα αρνητικά συναισθήματα συνέχισαν για χρόνια, πολύ αργότερα άρχισα να καταλαβαίνω πως η ομορφιά, η χαρά, η δημιουργικότητα βρίσκονται παντού, απλά πρέπει να βρείς το μονοπάτι που οδηγεί εκεί. Στην Αθήνα τούτο είναι εξαιρετικά δύσκολο, τουλάχιστον για κάποιον που δεν έχει ζήσει εκεί.

Μ.Κ. Τι κρατάτε από τους Blues Gang, το πρώτο σας αν δεν κάνω λάθος μουσικό σχήμα;

Η.Ζ. Σωστά, το πρώτο. Κατά μία έννοια ποτέ δεν άλλαξε, υπάρχει μιά συνέχεια στη διαδρομή μας, τα ονόματα παίζουν τον ρόλο τους αλλά οι άνθρωποι είναι κείνοι που τελικά χαρακτηρίζουν τα όποια δημιουργήματα τους.

Μ.Κ. Πως νιώσατε όταν "κόψατε" το πρώτο σας LP και τι ανταπόκριση είχε;

Η.Ζ. Σαν να έγινε το πρώτο βήμα μιάς ζωής που ήξερα πως θέλω. Σαν να μπήκε το νερό στο αυλάκι σύμφωνα με την αξιοθαύμαστη θυμοσοφία. Η ανταπόκριση εξ όσων γνωρίζω ήταν ιδιαίτερα ενθαρρυντική, κάτι που συνεχίζεται μέχρι σήμερα τολμώ να πω, τιμή μας το πως αντιμετωπίζεται το γκρουπ εν γένει.

Μ.Κ. Πως προέκυψαν οι   Blues Wire και γιατί επιλέξατε αυτό το όνομα;

Η.Ζ. Όταν το κεφάλαιο Blues Gang έκλεισε, θέλησα το νέο όνομα να έδινε μία σαφή εικόνα του ποιοί είμαστε και τι κάνουμε, Blues λοιπόν για την αγαπημένη μας μουσική, Wire γιατί θέλαμε με όλη μας την ψυχή να διαδώσουμε αυτό το είδος και 031 στην αρχή για να δώσουμε το στίγμα του τόπου καταγωγής μας, το τελευταίο λίγο αργότερα απαλείφθηκε καθότι πολλά άλλαξαν και σαφώς δεν είχε κανένα νόημα για τους ακροατές στις Ευρωπαικές μας εμφανίσεις.

Μ.Κ. Γνωρίζουμε πως ο Σωτήρης ο Ζήσης, ο μπασίστας των Blues Wire είναι μαζί σας από το πρώτες στιγμές που αποφασίσατε να ασχοληθείτε επαγγελματικά με τη μουσική. Θα θέλατε να μας περιγράψετε τη σχέση σας με το Σωτήρη;

Η.Ζ. Κάτι σαν παντρεμένοι...με καυγάδες, παραξενιές, εμμονές, αλλά και βαθειά και ουσιαστική συντροφικότητα. Δεν αγοράζονται αυτά τα πράγματα, χτίζονται, θέλει αρετές, ανθρωπιά και γερά στομάχια.

Μ.Κ.. Πως είναι οι μουσικές σκηνές του εξωτερικού στις οποίες έχετε συμμετάσχει σε σύγκριση με τις Ελληνικές; Να μας μιλήσετε αν θέλετε και για την Anna Popovic από τη Σερβία που τώρα μεσουρανεί στις ΗΠΑ. Την είχατε γνωρίσει από κοντά αν δεν κάνω λάθος.

Η.Ζ. Το επίπεδο εν γένει είναι υψηλότερο, τόσο σε τεχνικό επίπεδο όσο και σ'εκείνο της συνεννόησης, ή τουλάχιστον έτσι ήταν μέχρι πριν λίγα χρόνια. Διόλου περίεργο αν αναλογιστεί κάποιος την ιστορία της δικής μας χώρας αλλά και το παρελθόν και τις εμπειρίες των περισσότερων κρατών της Ευρώπης. Την Anna Popovic την είχαμε συναντήσει παιδούλα ακόμη, ντροπαλή αλλά και γεμάτη φλόγα και ταλέντο όταν τζαμάραμε παρέα στο Βελιγράδι - αν θυμάναι σωστά. Εκείνο που θυμάμαι είναι, πως μου μιλούσε και με κοίταζε σαν κάποιον σπουδαίο και της είπα, κορίτσι μου, αν κρατήσεις το μυαλό σου στο κεφάλι σου και δεν κάνεις χαζομάρες, σε 2-3 χρόνια θα είσαι στην πρώτη γραμμή των νέων καλλιτεχνών του μπλουζ παγκόσμια. Όπερ και εγένετο.

Μ.Κ. Πρόσφατα χάσατε και τον καλό σας φίλο Louisiana Red για τον οποίο μας μιλήσατε σε προηγούμενη ανάρτηση του blog. Θα θέλαμε να μας πείτε τι σας έχει μείνει από τις επαφές σας με τους πρωτοπόρους Αμερικανούς μπλουζίστες. Κάτι που δεν θα ξεχάσετε ποτέ.

Η.Ζ. Για τον Louisiana Red ό,τι και να πω θάναι ανεπαρκές σε σύγκριση μ'αυτά που νοιώθω. Καλή αντάμωση μόνο. Όσο για όλους τους πρωτοπόρους που αναφέρετε, φροντίζω να μην ξεχνώ πως ουσιαστικά μου χάρισαν εν πολλοίς τη ζωή που ζω.

Μ.Κ. Αν σας δινόταν η ευκαιρία να φύγετε για πάντα από την Ελλάδα και να συνεχίσετε την καριέρα σας στις ΗΠΑ, με πόση ευκολία θα λέγατε το "ναι" ή το "όχι" σε ένα τέτοιο ενδεχόμενο;

Η.Ζ. Δύσκολη ερώτηση... Ο παράγων ανθρώπινες σχέσεις είναι εκείνος που κάνει τόσο δύσκολη την απάντηση. Τίποτε δεν τάχει όλα...Άλλωστε, αισθάνομαι άβολα ν'απαντώ σε υποθετικές ερωτήσεις.

Μ.Κ. Πως αισθάνεστε κάθε φορά που βλέπετε να σχηματίζετε μια καινούργια μπλουζ μπάντα στην Ελλάδα;

Η.Ζ. Χαρά, αισιοδοξία, ελαφρά έκπληξη και μιά δόση υπερηφάνειας.

Μ.Κ. Πιστεύετε πως τα μουσικά όργανα και εν προκειμένω οι κιθάρες, ακουστικές ή ηλεκτρικές, είναι "ζωντανοί" οργανισμοί; Έχουν ψυχή δηλαδή; Πως νιώθετε όταν κρατάτε ένα μουσικό όργανο στα χέρια σας;

Η.Ζ. Σε ό,τι με αφορά, πάντα ψάχνω τα τραγούδια που κρύβει μέσα του ένα όργανο. Κάποιες φορές τ'ακούω, κάποιες όχι. Κάποιες φορές είναι λυπημένα, κάποιες φορές χαρούμενα. Αν δεν γεννηθούν τραγούδια από τη συμβίωση μας, δεν τα κρατάω. Γενικά ψάχνω, τις φωνές τους, τους ήχους τους, θέλω να γνωρίσω όσα περισσότερα μπορώ. Μερικές κιθάρες για μένα υπήρξαν εκλεκτές. Δεν τις έχω κρατήσει, αισθάνομαι άσχημα να έχω πολλά όργανα και να μην παίζω μ'αυτά. Είμαι μουσικός, όχι συλλέκτης.

Μ.Κ Ο άνθρωπος είναι η τραγικότερη ύπαρξη στον πλανήτη γιατί γνωρίζει πως κάποια στιγμή με έναν τελείως νομοτελειακό τρόπο, θα έρθει το τέλος του. Πως στέκεστε εσείς απέναντι σ' αυτήν την τραγικότητα και πως την αντιμετωπίζετε σαν μπλούζμαν;

Η.Ζ. Αποτελεί τον μεγαλύτερο μου φόβο, η αίσθηση της ανυπαρξίας με στοιχειώνει, αρνούμαι να το αποδεχτώ ή να το φιλοσοφήσω επαρκώς, το παλεύω όμως, όπως φαντάζομαι κι ο κάθε σκεπτόμενος άνθρωπος. Κι έχουμε αρκετά όπλα να το αντιμετωπίσουμε, την φιλοσοφία των αρχαίων ημών προγόνων, τα βιβλία σπουδαίων, τους στίχους εκλεκτών, τα παραδείγματα συνανθρώπων, μα πάνω απ'όλα τον κόσμο γύρω μας, αρκεί να τον δούμε σε όλη του τη μεγαλοπρέπεια. Τα μπλουζ, με την αμεσότητα και τον κυνισμό που πολλάκις τα διακρίνει, κάνουν την κατάσταση λίγο πιό ενδιαφέρουσα θάλεγα, είναι σαν να σε παίρνουν απ'το χέρι και να λένε, εδώ θα κάνουμε μιά στάση, ελάτε να πιούμε κανα ποτάκι, να παίξουμε και να γεμίσουμε τα γύρω μας με ήχους ψυχής, ξεκουραζόμαστε λιγάκι και πάμε γι'άλλα...

Μ.Κ. Ευχαριστώ πολύ

Η.Ζ. Η χαρά δική μου

http://rhythmichorizons.blogspot.com/2012/03/rhythmic-horizons.html

Pinterest Data Analysis: An Inside Look

2012-03-18T13:23:00.005+02:00

Pinterest Data Analysis: An Inside Look

Posted by Robert Moore on Wed, Feb 15, 2012 @ 03:52 PM

Pinterest is the hottest young site on the internet. In the past six months, the social sharing tool has gone from effectively non-existent to one of the top 100 sites on the web (and is on track to break into Alexa’s Top 50).

Pinterest’s traffic charts aren’t hockey sticks-- they’re rocket ships. In our experience, when traffic is growing that sharply there is often something even more amazing going on under the hood. We wanted to see if the usage and engagement numbers for Pinterest were as remarkable as its traffic and gain insights into exactly what was driving growth. Unfortunately, the company has kept very quiet when it comes to its data.

Tired of waiting, we took things into our own hands using some clever scripting and our secret sauce for analytics: RJMetrics. A full report is below, but here a few highlights from our findings:

Pinterest is retaining and engaging users as much as 2-3x as efficiently as Twitter was at a similar time in its history.
Pins link to a tremendously large universe of sites. Etsy is the most popular source of pin content, but it only represents about 3% of pins.
Over 80% of pins are re-pins, demonstrating the tremendous virality at work in the Pinterest community. To contrast, a study done at a similar time in Twitter’s history showed that only about 1.4% of tweets were retweets.
The quality of the average new user (as defined by their level of engagement and likelihood to remain active) is high but declining. Users who have joined in recent months are 2-3x less active during their first month than the users that came before them.

How We Did It

We wrote some simple scripts to identify random users who joined at varying times in the company’s history and download their complete history of pins to conduct cohort analysis. We also pulled several hundred thousand additional pins from the general user population. All told, we ended up with a database of nearly one million pins.

Thanks to our old friend the central limit theorem, we’re confident that our sizable random samples are representative of the greater population they were pulled from. We should caveat, however, that there is always a risk of sampling bias. Since Pinterest doesn’t use auto-incrementing IDs, we had to get creative about identifying random users and pins. We identified user names based on common dictionary words and then expanded to general-population pins by guessing at ID numbers in numeric proximity to the pins of those core users.

We loaded this raw data into RJMetrics and were able to conduct the following analysis in about 15 minutes. If you’d like to give it a try with your own company’s data, RJMetrics is offering free 30-day trials for a limited time.

Content: What’s Being Pinned?

On Pinterest, every pin ties back to an external link. We used RJMetrics to extract the top-level domain of those links for the pins in our sample. What we found was a pretty tremendous long-tail effect. In our sample of about a million pins, over 100,000 distinct source domains existed. The twenty most prominent are shown below by percent of pins.

The most popular domain was Etsy.com, which powered just over 3% of pins. Close behind was google.com, although almost all Google links point to Google Image Search, which is technically misattributed content from other 3rd party domains. Flickr (2.5%), Tumblr (1.1%), and weheartit.com (1.0%) round out the top 5, after which no domain represents more 1% of pins.

Virality: Re-Pins and Tools

We were able to break out the population of pins based on how those pins were posted to Pinterest. We were expecting a high percentage from pinmarklet, a browser bookmarklet that allows users to pin content from any website with one click. However, what we found was astonishing.

Remarkably, over 80% of pins are re-pins. This is evidence of the impressive level of virality at work in the Pinterest community. Pinterest is truly an ecosystem of sharing. To contrast, a study done by Hubspot at a similar point in Twitter’s history showed that only about 1.4% of tweets were retweets.

User Engagement: Cohort Analysis

Cohort Analysis is a powerful tool that allows us to study different groups of users at identical points in time in their lifecycles, regardless of when they actually joined the site. It’s a great way of getting an “apples to apples” look at newer vs. older users to see how their engagement stacks up.

In the chart below, each line represents a cohort and each cohort is a group of customers who made their first pin in a specific month. For example, the June 2011 cohort consists of users who made their first pin in June 2011. The line itself shows the “average cumulative pins made per cohort member.” So, the “Month 1” data point for the June 2011 cohort shows us how many items were pinned in June 2011 by users who joined in June 2011. The “Month 2” data point on that same line shows us how many pins had been made by the average user in that cohort by the end of July 2011, and so on.

For most companies, even highly successful ones, cohort charts like these show lines that steadily decay toward a more horizontal slope over time. This happens because there is some natural attrition rate with which users simply stop using the site, causing the incremental engagement of the average user to drop off.

That is definitely not the case with Pinterest.

These lines show little to no decay whatsoever. Their slopes remain consistent, indicating a net attrition rate of close to 0%. This either means that no one who starts using Pinterest ever stops or-- more likely-- that users who continue to use Pinterest become so much more engaged over time that their activities fully make up for those of any users who leave.

To explore which of these two scenarios is playing out, we changed a few options in RJMetrics and ran the cohort analysis below:

This weekly cohort analysis shows the percentage of distinct users from some recent cohorts who come back to pin again in each of the first 8 weeks of their life cycle. As you can see, between 40% and 60% of users are still actively pinning even as far out as week 8. This may seem like a steep drop-off, but for a consumer internet business it’s exceptionally good.

To provide some context, I want to compare this data to a similar analysis I conducted on Twitter in 2009. Twitter was at a similar point in its life cycle (growing tremendously and about a year into its existence). See the chart below:

Twitter’s decay rate was twice that of Pinterest, with user activity (measured by tweets) rapidly plummeting to around 20% before stabilizing.

Growing Pains: Quality Decay

With every fast-growing consumer startup I’ve profiled, an increase in media coverage inevitably corresponds to a huge spike in the number of registered users and a drop-off in the quality of the average user (as defined by their level of engagement and likelihood to remain active). Pinterest is no exception.

As shown above, the average new user who has joined Pinterest in the past few months is using the site substantially less than their counterparts from months in the past. I speculate that this is caused by flocks of curious onlookers who are outside of Pinterest’s core audience registering accounts and failing to get engaged. In the long-term, this could potentially represent a challenge to the company maintaining the remarkable engagement metrics we’ve seen so far.

Conclusion

Pinterest demonstrates some of the strongest user engagement, retention, and virality metrics I have ever seen in an online business. The company has found tremendous success among its core demographic, and the potential reach of its appeal will be tested in the coming months as attention from broader audiences continues to increase.

If the company’s performance to date is any indication, however, it will surely be a start-up to watch in 2012 and beyond.

Tags: pinterest, data analysis, cohort analysis

http://info.rjmetrics.com/blog/bid/52877/Pinterest-Data-Analysis-An-Inside-Look

iPhone sine qua non

2012-03-18T13:16:00.000+02:00

Last week I made an attempt to measure the iPhone’s manufacturing cost given new data points from the Foxconn field trip. The post generated a great amount of new knowledge and the feedback was very valuable.

The main value to me came from stepping back and looking at the entire cost and value structure for the iPhone. Putting costs into perspective is as valuable as knowing what they are.

The following diagram shows my estimates for this cost structure for the fourth quarter given both bill of materials estimates and the other parts of the cost of goods sold and operational expenses and even ancillary sources of revenue.

Source for BOM estimate: iSupply.

There are several observations easily made from this view:

The manufacturing cost ($15 may be very generous i.e. high) but it still amounts to a tiny fraction of the device cost and hence value-add. The direct labor part of that cost is tinier still.
Depreciation on capital equipment (Apple owned) amounts to $10 per device, probably higher than the direct labor cost.
External developers as a group receive more app income than the salaries and costs associated with Apple’s own developers working on the product.
The gross margin percent is 58%.
The operating margin is estimated at 51%

The high margin that the product generates is even more surprising given the industry average as seen in this summary view of the industry’s performance over three years’ fourth quarters.

The operating margin is the ratio of solid colors to the entire bar.

As someone pointed out on twitter: one of these is not like the others.

The question should be: How is this possible? What does this product have that gives it such a pricing advantage? Note the the ratio was preserved through the three years shown and has persisted for nearly five years.

The answer to this paradox is in data that is not visible in any of the diagrams above: The largest revenue attached to the iPhone comes into the mobile network operators. We don’t have global averages but the revenue the iPhone generates over its lifetime is probably two to three times the revenues that Apple directly receives. The ARPU iPhones are attached to allows for a substantial subsidy, but more importantly, loyalty (or churn)

As seen in the small but clearly visible US market, being an operator having iPhone exclusivity generates above-average growth and being the only operator to be excluded from the product generates above average subscriber losses.

It quickly becomes obvious that ranging the iPhone has moved from being an advantage to not doing so becoming a serious disadvantage. The product and its high up-front costs are “hygiene factors” for operators. The sine qua non status means that it can still be priced with the extraordinary built-in margin shown above.

Court Street & Chenango St. 1870?-1885

2012-03-18T10:33:00.001+02:00

GIF made with the NYPL Labs Stereogranimator

Mobile Commerce: The Key Areas Brands Need To Invest In

2012-03-18T10:31:00.004+02:00

First came mobile marketing, and then of course came the monetisation. The mobile commerce space has been hotting up over the past couple of weeks, boosted by the exciting acquisition of Loopt by Green Dot, which could see the development of some exciting mobile payment solutions for retailers. But as brands start to move into this space, it’s important to know what your customers actually want and how you can offer it.

Right now, unfortunately, this is still largely an unknown as it’s so new. Mobile commerce is growing, but quite how brands are going to effectively implement this remains to be seen. So where should you be investing your time and money to give your customers what they really want?

Consumers favour mobile sites over apps

A new survey suggests that, rather than viewing retail sites over an app, consumers prefer dedicated mobile sites through which to view and purchase products. The graph below shows the popularity of websites over app, during the 2011 holiday season:

This shows that a mobile experience is not, by default, an app experience and that investment in a mobile strategy could be better channeled through improving your mobile site as opposed to investing in an app.

The need for speed

When it comes to mobile commerce, or a general brand experience via mobile, it’s also important to remember the importance of speed for your site to load. This matters hugely to customers, as recent stats show that we are no longer quite as forgiving for slow load times on mobiles as we used to be:

Further, if made to wait more than five seconds for a site to load, 74 per cent of consumers will abandon a site. This might not be the sexiest side of mobile marketing, but investing in decent hosting to offer a premium mobile experience is key.

NFC

Near Field Communication is still a very new area for both brands and consumers to adopt but it’s worth looking at this early on to be ahead of the curve and keep up with consumer demand. While this payment by mobile solution might seem very new, it is set to take off over the next few months.

By 2015, transactions via NFC are expected to reach a total of $74bn annually; three times the value of the market in 2011. Brands that want to get involved in this space will need to consider either in-store solutions to facilitate payment, as well as couponing or vouchers to encourage consumer adoption of NFC payments.

Coupons

What works offline also often works online and it seems that mobile shoppers love a good coupon as much as the next person. Over the next 12 months, 32 per cent of mobile owners are expected to use their mobile to search for coupons online, with a further 30 per cent planning to redeem them via mobile. Brands can get creative here as it is a great opportunity to drive commerce directly through the mobile as well as encouraging consumers into stores to complete a purchase with a mobile coupon.

There are also huge opportunities – with additional investment – in location services to improve the targeting of coupons. Think about the difference between placing a standard coupon in a magazine to cut out, or sending a mobile coupon to a customer that’s fifty feet away from your store, in real time.

Facebook

Brands that really want to get in front of mobile consumers need to be aware of where customers are. Facebook for mobile is a huge growth area, with over 425 million people accessing Facebook via mobile each month. And following their announcements at Mobile World Congress this year, Facebook look set to tackle mobile commerce head on.

Speaking on the current mobile payments systems around, Bret Taylor of Facebook highlighted that for the end user, they are just broken. As Facebook explore new opportunities for mobile payments, brands should make sure they are ready to take advantage of this, with a strong Facebook presence and a consideration for how Facebook can play its part in a mobile retail strategy.

While Facebook commerce overall has yet to really prove itself, the potential for growth is huge and Facebook could be about to come along the mobile commerce space in a whole new way. Smart brands will be on board for the ride.

http://www.simplyzesty.com/mobile/mobile-commerce-the-key-areas-brands-need-to-invest-in/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+SimplyZesty+%28Simply+Zesty%29

Get Your Inspirational Quote Posters On Pinterest Here

2012-03-18T10:30:00.003+02:00

Us social media types have two main loves at the moment: Pinterest and inspirational quotes. So we thought, why not bring them together?

I’ve created posters of some of the best quotes we could find, which you can repin to create your own board and show them off in all their glory. To get one of the posters below as a board, simply follow these steps. The posters have been designed for the new Pinterest layout which has just launched for profiles.

Firstly, create a new board for your poster. Then select the url of the image labelled first and pin it onto your new board. Then repeat the process for the second, third, fourth and final pin. Your board should now look like this:

Consumers andMobile Financial Services

2012-03-16T15:48:00.001+02:00

Mobile Device Report 201203

Geography of the basketball court

2012-03-12T18:27:00.000+02:00

Golds Berry Sloan Submission
http://flowingdata.com/2012/03/12/geography-of-the-basketball-court/

Himalaya Water Tower

2012-03-12T15:02:00.004+02:00

Housed within 55,000 glaciers in the Himalaya Mountains sits 40 percent of the world’s fresh water. The massive ice sheets are melting faster due to climate change, posing possible dire consequences for Asia, especially for the villages and cities that sit on the seven rivers fed from the Himalayas. The Himalaya Water Tower is a skyscraper located high in the mountain range that serves to store water and helps regulate its dispersal to the land below as the mountains’ natural supplies dry up.

The skyscraper, which can be replicated en masse, will collect water during the rainy season, purify it, freeze it into ice and store it for future use. The water distribution schedule will evolve with the needs of residents below.

The lower part of the Himalaya Water tower is comprised of six stem-like pipes that curve and wind together and collect and store water. Like the stem of a plant, these pipes grow strong as they absorb their maximum water capacity. In each of the six stems, a core tube is flanked by levels of cells, which hold the water. The upper part of the building – the part that is visible above the snow line – is used for frozen storage. Four massive cores support steel cylindrical frames that, like the stems below, hold levels that radiate out, creating four steel tubes filled with ice. In between the two sections are mechanical systems that help freeze the water when the climatic conditions aren’t able to do so, purify the water and regulate the distribution of water and ice throughout the structure.

At the bottom of the structure, surrounding the six intertwined water tubes is a transport system that regulates fresh water distribution to the towns and cities below. The curving channels connect the mountains to the villages, and are also hold within them a railway for the transport of people and goods.
Designers: Zhi Zheng, Hongchuan Zhao & Dongbai Song

http://www.yankodesign.com/2012/03/08/himalaya-water-tower/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+yankodesign+%28Yanko+Design+-+Form+Beyond+Function%29

Life hack: Anti-cable-chaos

2012-03-11T11:44:00.001+02:00

"The New iPad". Details on Apple's New Tablet (by http://officialandreascy.blogspot.com)

2012-03-10T10:09:00.001+02:00

Description :

The new iPad is here. Apple officialy announced a new version of its hit tablet on Wednesday, adding more power, an optional 4G Internet connection, and a supersharp HD display, but keeping the overall look and feel of the previous model.

The changes may disappoint Apple fans who hoped for a radically redesigned gadget. But given the iPad's huge success, a few upgraded features might well be enough to keep its position as the world's top tablet, and Apple's status as the world's most valuable company. (Check Apple's stock price here.) The company will also continue to sell the current iPad 2 model at a discounted price.

Apple CEO Tim Cook and other company execs showed off the new iPad at a media event at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco, Calif.

High-Resolution Retina Display :

As expected, the new iPad features a screen with roughly twice the resolution of the iPad 2. The Retina display, as Apple calls it, first debuted in the iPhone 4 and quickly drew raves for its crisp, detailed images. The iPad's 2048x1536 display makes it the first Apple tablet able to show movies in full HD.

Apple's Phil Schiller senior vice president of Worldwide Marketing speaks about the new iPad during an Apple event in San Francisco, California March 7, 2012. (REUTERS/Robert Galbraith)

More Powerful Processor :

The new device also has an A5X processor with quad-core graphics. The added power will help keep the Retina display running smoothly.

Speedy 4G Internet Connection :

Apple is offering a 4G connection through both AT&T and Verizon on its new iPad. It's the first Apple device to feature the fast wireless technology.

Battery Life, Size, and Weight :

The new device can run for 10 hours, said Apple Vice President Phil Schiller. It will last nine hours when on 4G. It weighs 1.4 pounds, and is 9.4 mm thick.

Pricing and Release Date :

The new iPad is available in several models. A basic 16GB model costs $499. 32GB is $599 and 64GB is $699. Models with 4G connections cost $629, $729, and $829, respectively.

It will be available March 16, Cook said.

Official Name and Other Features :

After months of speculation about whether Apple would call it the iPad 3, iPad HD, or something else, the company simply called it "the new iPad".

- An improved camera that can record video in full 1080p HD.

- Same dock connection as the iPad 2. The new iPad has the standard Apple 30-pin connector.

- It does not have an SD card slot, as some Apple fans had hoped.

- Updated iOS 5.1 software. The newest version of Apple's mobile operating system adds support for Japanese and other languages.

- Positive Early Reaction From the Tech World

- Tech sites covered Apple event obsessively, as usual. Few writers were surprised by the new tablet, but most were impressed nonetheless.

CNET.com's Donald Bell said the new Retina display is the only new feature buyers should care about. "The company took its already excellent product and updated it with a gorgeous screen," he writes. He recommends that iPad 2 owners resist the temptation to upgrade, and suggests new tablet buyers also consider cheaper options like the Kindle Fire.

"Unsurprisingly, Apple has managed to produce something that's truly beautiful to look at,"Engadget's Darren Murph wrote. The upgrades could be enough to convince owners of the original iPad that it's time to trade up, he predicted.

Gizmodo's Jesus Diaz also said the new Retina display was enough to set the iPad apart from its rivals. "It's almost like looking at a glossy magazine page," he writes. The Verge's Joshua Topolsky was similarly impressed, calling the screen "stunning to behold."

Older iPad 2 Still Available for $399 :

Apple will continue to sell the current version of Apple's tablet for $100 less than the new model. The device will have 16GB of memory and Wi-Fi, but no 3G or 4G Internet connection.

New Software :

Apple is offering an updated versions of iWork, Garageband, and iMovie that are optimized for the new iPad's A5X processor and Retina display. There is also a new version of iPhoto for iPad that offers multi-touch editing and sharing tools called Photo Journals and Photo Beaming. Apple also showed off a new iPad game, Infinity Blade Dungeons, which featured incredibly detailed graphics.

Apple TV Upgrade Also Unveiled :

Apple also showed off a new version of its Apple TV device, which lets users stream audio and video from iTunes. The new gadget has an improved interface and supports 1080p resolution for full HD video. The price remains the same at $99.

Tablet Competition Heating up :

The iPad dominates the hot tablet market, but it's facing increased competition. A report by Forrester Research estimated the iPad had 73 percent of the tablet market as of last September. But that was before Amazon's hot-selling $199 Kindle Fire debuted. The market research firm iSuppli estimates Amazon shipped 3.9 million Kindle Fires in the fourth quarter of 2011, compared with 15.4 million iPads shipped by Apple.

With a gorgeous new display and other improvements, the new iPad may be enough to keep Apple's hot streak alive.

Enjoy the video!

Graphic: How to use Apple shares to pay for your new iPad

2012-03-10T06:52:00.001+02:00

Ready To Go Mo?

2012-03-08T23:48:00.001+02:00

A taxonomy of tools that support the fluent and flexible use of visualizations

2012-03-07T12:42:00.001+02:00

JEFFREY HEER, STANFORD UNIVERSITY

BEN SHNEIDERMAN, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK

The increasing scale and availability of digital data provides an extraordinary resource for informing public policy, scientific discovery, business strategy, and even our personal lives. To get the most out of such data, however, users must be able to make sense of it: to pursue questions, uncover patterns of interest, and identify (and potentially correct) errors. In concert with data-management systems and statistical algorithms, analysis requires contextualized human judgments regarding the domain-specific significance of the clusters, trends, and outliers discovered in data.

Visualization provides a powerful means of making sense of data. By mapping data attributes to visual properties such as position, size, shape, and color, visualization designers leverage perceptual skills to help users discern and interpret patterns within data.¹¹ A single image, however, typically provides answers to, at best, a handful of questions. Instead, visual analysis typically progresses in an iterative process of view creation, exploration, and refinement. Meaningful analysis consists of repeated explorations as users develop insights about significant relationships, domain-specific contextual influences, and causal patterns. Confusing widgets, complex dialog boxes, hidden operations, incomprehensible displays, or slow response times can limit the range and depth of topics considered and may curtail thorough deliberation and introduce errors. To be most effective, visual analytics tools must support the fluent and flexible use of visualizations at rates resonant with the pace of human thought.

The goal of this article is to assist designers, researchers, professional analysts, procurement officers, educators, and students in evaluating and creating visual analysis tools. We present a taxonomy of interactive dynamics that contribute to successful analytic dialogues. The taxonomy consists of 12 task types grouped into three high-level categories, as shown in table 1: (1) data and view specification (visualize, filter, sort, and derive); (2) view manipulation (select, navigate, coordinate, and organize); and (3) analysis process and provenance (record, annotate, share, and guide). These categories incorporate the critical tasks that enable iterative visual analysis, including visualization creation, interactive querying, multiview coordination, history, and collaboration. Validating and evolving this taxonomy is a community project that proceeds through feedback, critique, and refinement.

Our focus on interactive elements presumes a basic familiarity with visualization design. The merits and frailties of bar charts, scatter plots, timelines, and node-link diagrams, and of the visual-encoding decisions that underlie such graphics, are certainly a central concern, but we will largely pass over them here. A number of articles and books address these topics in great detail,^11,12,16,52and we recommend them to interested readers.

Within each branch of the taxonomy presented here, we describe example systems that exhibit useful interaction techniques. To be clear, these examples do not constitute an exhaustive survey; rather, each is intended to convey the nature and diversity of interactive operations. Throughout the article the term analyst refers to someone who uses visual analysis tools and not to a specific person or role. Our notion of analyst encompasses anyone seeking to understand data: traditional analysts investigating financial markets or terrorist networks, scientists uncovering new insights, journalists piecing together a story, and people tracking various facets of their lives, including blood pressure, money spent, electricity used, or miles traveled.

KostasGeorgioyTechSite

Μαθητική Εφημερίδα του Γυμνασίου Νέας Βύσσας

The art of Making, Alma Flamenca

We Had No Idea That Making iPads Was Such A Horrible Business

iOS continues to smash Android in the enterprise market

iOS continues to smash Android in the enterprise market

ΔΟΥΛΕΜΠΟΡΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΜΠΛΟΥΖ

20 ΑΠΡ 2012

ΔΟΥΛΕΜΠΟΡΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΜΠΛΟΥΖ

The True cost of an Iphone

Two Years Later, iPad Apps Rule The World

Two Years Later, iPad Apps Rule The World [Report]

Apple Execs Cash In $314 Million In Stock In Last Few Days

Apple Execs Cash In $314 Million In Stock In Last Few Days

http://www.cultofmac.com/156738/apple-execs-cash-in-314-million-in-stock-in-last-few-days/?utm_medium=twit&utm_campaign=spread-us

Formulas Revealed: The Facebook and Twitter Engagement Rate

The Facebook Post Engagement Rate Formula

The Tweet Engagement Rate Formula

And This Is What We Love To Do With It!

Choose The Period You Are Interested In And Watch Your Engagement Rate Evolve In Time

Monitor Your Daily Engagement Rate

Benchmark Your Performance With Your Competition Or Industry

Check Out Your Most Engaging Week Days…

…Your Most Engaging Time Of The Day…

…Your Brand´s Most Engaging Post Types…

…And Much More!

Streamlining New Ipad

Is The Apple Stock Price A Bubble?

Remember Nokia?

The Apple Hype Machine

Plenty Of Runway Left

So Bubble Or Not?

Συνέντευξη του Ηλία Ζάικου στο Rhythmic horizons

Συνέντευξη του Ηλία Ζάικου στο Rhythmic horizons

Pinterest Data Analysis: An Inside Look

Pinterest Data Analysis: An Inside Look

How We Did It

Content: What’s Being Pinned?

Virality: Re-Pins and Tools

User Engagement: Cohort Analysis

Growing Pains: Quality Decay

Conclusion

iPhone sine qua non

Court Street & Chenango St. 1870?-1885

Mobile Commerce: The Key Areas Brands Need To Invest In

Consumers favour mobile sites over apps

The need for speed

NFC

Coupons

Facebook

Get Your Inspirational Quote Posters On Pinterest Here

Alan Turing

David Ogilvy

Ada Lovelace

Steve Jobs

Tim Berners-Lee

Bill Gates

Consumers andMobile Financial Services

Geography of the basketball court

Himalaya Water Tower

Life hack: Anti-cable-chaos

"The New iPad". Details on Apple's New Tablet (by http://officialandreascy.blogspot.com)

Graphic: How to use Apple shares to pay for your new iPad

Ready To Go Mo?

A taxonomy of tools that support the fluent and flexible use of visualizations

JEFFREY HEER, STANFORD UNIVERSITY

BEN SHNEIDERMAN, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK