Kyle's sailing

[Math][Linear Algebra] Basis.

2011-08-22T16:43:00.000+09:00

Finite Dimensional Linear Algebra: I learned Linear Algebra by this book.
Linear Algebra Done Right: My professor who taught vector space when I was freshman recommended to read this book.

I already know
linearly independent: http://sailingkyle.blogspot.com/2011/08/mathlinear-algebra-linearly-independent.html
and span: http://sailingkyle.blogspot.com/2011/08/mathlinear-algebra-span.html

Then now I ready for define basis.

Definition of basis
Let V be a vector space over V. For {} ⊆V, if {} is
LINEARLY INDEPENDENT and SPANS V,
then we call{} is a BASIS for V.

Basis can be defined by other ways. Here is another definition.
Alternative definition of basis
If for∀v∈V, if v can be written as a LINEAR COMBINATION
of UNIQUELY,then we call{} is a BASIS for V.

Proof for equivalence.

For each v∈V, if v= for unique .
∴{} spans V.

The solution of =0 is unique since 0 can be written as a linear combination of  uniquely.
Trivial solution of it is  and it is a unique solution.
∴{}is linearly independent. Q.E.D.

Here is a example of basis for a vector space  which called a standard basis.

Def) i th element is 1, others are all zero.∈,
For example, ∈ is (1,0,0) and ∈ is (0,0,1)

We call {} is a standard basis. for

proof for {} is a basis for

i)Linearly independent

If =0, then=0

∴

∴{} is linearly independent

ii) Span
For any∈, ∃ such that
=
∴{} spans

∴{} is linearly independent and spans so it is a basis for .

[Math][Linear Algebra] Linearly Independent

2011-08-22T16:09:00.001+09:00

Finite Dimensional Linear Algebra: I learned Linear Algebra by this book.

Linear Algebra Done Right: My professor who taught vector space when I was freshman recommended to read this book.

Both linearly independent and span are important for define basis, a useful concept of linear algebra.

We defined span in previous post, see: http://sailingkyle.blogspot.com/2011/08/mathlinear-algebra-span.html

Here is definition of linearly independent.

Def) Let V is a vector space over a field F. are elements of V.

We call {}is linearly independent iff the solution of for is only

If {}is NOT linearly independent,

we say it is linearly dependent.

Example: {(1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,1,1) } ⊆

For a, b,c∈F, if a(1,0,0)+b(0,1,0)+c (0,1,1)=0,

(a,b+c,c)=0

∴ a=c=b=0

∴ {(1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,1,1) } is linearly independent.

Here is a useful theorem.

Thm2) Let V is a vector space over a field F. are elements of V. n≥2.

{}is linearly dependent iff ∃ ∈{} , ≠ 0.such that

can be written as a linear combination of other vectors.

pf) =>) Since {}is linearly dependent. there exist not all zero scalar

such that =0

let k be the largest number of 1,2, ... ,n such that ≠ 0.

k≥2 since if k=1, , which means it is linearly independent.

Then

is a linear combination of other vectors. Done.

<=)if ≠ 0 can be written as other vectors,

since all is not all zero, {} is linearly dependent. Q.E.D.

[Math][Linear Algebra] Span

2011-08-22T15:00:00.000+09:00

Finite Dimensional Linear Algebra: I learned Linear Algebra by this book.

Linear Algebra Done Right: My professor who taught vector space when I was freshman recommended to read this book.

Span is as important as linear combination. Both linearly independent(I'll post it later)and it are very important to define basis later.

Definition of the Span

The set of linear combination(See http://sailingkyle.blogspot.com/2011/08/mathlinear-algebra-linear-combination.html) of is called the span of

denoted by sp{}.

We call sp{} is a spanning set for S=sp{} and using as a verb,

span S.

Here is useful theorem of span

Theorem 1) Let V is a vector space over a field F. ∈V

If v ∈sp{} then sp{, v} =sp{}

pf) Since v ∈sp{} ∃ ∈ F such that

if w∈sp{, v} , ∃, b ∈ F such that

w=+bv

=+b( )

since F is closed under addition, ∈F

∴w ∈sp{}

∴ sp{, v} ⊆sp{} ---*

if w∈sp{} , ∃∈ F such that

= + 0 v
∴w ∈sp{, v}
∴ sp{} ⊆sp{,v} ---**

by * and **, sp{} = sp{,v} QED.

Short tip: Useful div HTML in Google Blogger: changing color of background and font

2011-08-22T14:52:00.000+09:00

While posting, I sometimes change background color of post and color of post for only few post,

Then, using HTML source is very useful.

To use HTML source, you have to click Edit HTML on the right side of the top.

Then your screen will be changed like this. Complicated sources will appear.

If you want to change background of the post, input

For example, if you type

, your post's background color will be blue.

Also, if you want to change the color of the font in the post, input

For instance, if you type

, your post's color of font will be blue.

Thanks for reading!

[HOI][Darkest Hour]UK chronicle. 1)Initial condition

2011-08-20T21:34:00.000+09:00

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about WWI and WWII. DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!

Victoria II: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about 1836~1920 of Europe, focused on Queen Victoria of the British Empire. At that era, Opium war, Napoleon III of France, Annexation of Texas by US and US-Mexico war, American civil war and form of German Empire by Bismark happened.

Europa Universalis III: I also play it. If you want to see my play, please visit
http://sailingkyle.blogspot.com/search?q=Castile

I have played Hearts of Iron 2: Doomsday Armageddon and Arsenal of Democracy,series of Hearts of Iron.
It is the first time of playing Darkest hour(DHR),one of the series of Hearts of Iron.

I chose WWI(1914)scenario since I have played WWII many times in other series of Hearts of Iron.

I chose UK since it is my favorite country in Europe.

The scenario begins on June 1st 1914.
A few days are left to July 28th 1914, the day historically World War I began.
In game, the war event activates the same day of the real history.

Here is initial condition of UK. UK have more army than WWII in Doomsday Armageddon and Arsenal of Democracy. Province is more detail than other version.
Like Europa Universailis 3: Divine Wind, there exist some decisions.

Unfortunately, India is no more parts of UK in this series; they are puppet of UK like Canada and Australia.
Hence IC of UK is lesser than other version. :(

Poland does not exist in this scenario. Historically, Poland became independent nation again after defeat of Germany and Austria at WWI and this game reflected it.

I decided to research those technologies. One for improving naval ship, Two for industry, One for upgrading my army and One for boosting speed of research.

In this version, I have to research Early Construction engineering to build factory and improve infrastructure in my nation's province.

I compared other countries' IC.
Russia's IC is 153. Little more than UK(149), lesser than Soviet Union in other series(about 250)

Luckily, Germany's IC is much lesser than other scenario in WWII!

Austrai is not WEAK country in this scenario,WWI! NOT become a part of Germany! its IC is 91.
IC 91 is about two-third of UK and and a little

France's IC is 110, as much as IC of WWII in other series.
Fortunately, in this scenario, IC of Germany(170) is not definitley more than France.

Italy is very weak in this scenario. Its IC is 45, very lower than other series' WWII, about 90.
Canada's IC is 40. -- ;
One good news is different from WWII, Italy is ally of UK in WWI

US's IC is 370! More than sum of Germany and Austria.(240)
SUPERIOR nation... US is final boss if I play with central force(WWI) and axis force(WWII)
Delay the war and protect France until US join the war is important.

I'll post my play later.

[HOI][Darkest Hour]I downloaded Darkest hour!

2011-08-20T18:31:00.001+09:00

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about WWI and WWII.

Europa Universalis III: DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!

Darkest hour is one of the game of Hearts of Iron.

Hearts of Iron is an war game about WWII.
I played Hearts of Iron II : Doomsday Armageddon and Arsenal of Democracy.

However, both are not offer WWI mode and I'm tired of them.
Hence I downloaded Darkest hour. It offers WWI.
Difference between Aod and it is if I improve infrastructure in AoD, IC is also increased but not in DHR.
Also, Maximal number of tech team of AoD is 10 but DHR is smaller.
I don't know other difference. I'll play soon and post it.

[Math][Linear Algebra] Linear Combination

2011-08-15T17:14:00.005+09:00

Finite Dimensional Linear Algebra: I learned Linear Algebra by this book.
Linear Algebra Done Right: My professor who taught vector space when I was freshman recommended to read this book.

I also learned about linear combination. Literally, it means some elements are combined "linearly" .

Mathematical definition of linear combination is at below.

Let V be a vector space over a field F. Let

since

[Math][Linear Algebra] Subspace

2011-08-14T18:05:00.001+09:00

Finite Dimensional Linear Algebra: I learned Linear Algebra by this book.

Linear Algebra Done Right: My professor who taught vector space when I was freshman recommended to read this book.

Subset of vector space can be vector space or not.

For example, {1}⊆R is not vector space since there is no additive identity in the set.

Some subset can be vector space.

Definiton of Subspace

Let V be vector space over a field F. S is subset of V (S⊆V)

S is subspace of V if it satisfies following things.

1)0∈S (S contains additive identity)
2)If u∈S and v∈S, then u+v∈S for ∀u,v ∈S (S is closed under +)
3)If a∈F, u∈S, then au∈S for ∀a∈F and ∀u∈S. (S is closed under scalar multiplication)

Example of subspace: S={(0,0,0) and (1,1,1)}⊆(Z_2)^3 (Z_2)^3 is vector space over a field Z_2
1) 0=(0,0,0)∈S

2)(0,0,0) +(0,0,0)=(0,0,0)
(0,0,0)+(1,1,1)=(1,1,1)
(1,1,1)+(0,0,0) =(1,1,1)
(1,1,1)+(1,1,1)=(0,0,0). It shows that S is closed under addition.

3)0(0,0,0)=(0,0,0)
1(0,0,0)=(0,0,0)
0(1,1,1)=(0,0,0)
1(1,1,1)=(1,1,1) It shows that S is closed under scalar multiplication.

Hence, S is a subspace of V

Subspace of a vector space is also vector space and operation is same as vector space which concluding it.

[Math][Linear Algebra] Vector space

2011-08-13T13:20:00.007+09:00

Finite Dimensional Linear Algebra: I learned Linear Algebra by this book.

Linear Algebra Done Right: My professor who taught vector space when I was freshman recommended to read this book.

I learned definition of vector is has magnitude and direction in high school.

I learned more mathematical definition of it. Vector is a element of vector space.

Here is the definion:

The set V is a vector space over a field F if if satisfies 1~9

1. ∃+ : VxV→V such that + is closed under V

2. + is associative: (u+v)+w = u+(v+w) for for ∀u,v,w ∈V

3. V has additive identity, 0. u+0=0+u=u for ∀u∈V

4. For each u∈V, ∃-u, additive inverse, exist such that u+(-u)=(-u)+u=0

5. + is commutative. u+v=v+u for ∀u,v ∈V

1~5 is similar to definition of a field: http://sailingkyle.blogspot.com/2011/07/mathlinear-algebra-field.html

6. If a∈F, v∈V then a∙v=av∈V
(V is close under scalar multiplication over a field F)

7. V has associative property of scalar multiplication.
a(bu)=(ab)u for ∀a,b ∈F ∀u∈V

8. V has distributive property.
a(u+v)=au+av for ∀a∈F ∀u,v∈V
(a+b)u= au+bu for ∀a,b ∈F ∀u∈V

9. Nonzero multiplicative identity of scalar multiplication 1 exist such that 1∙u=u for ∀u∈V

Example of vector space is R^n . Very familiar space.

Though 1~9 looks trivial, it is important.

[UWO] Kyle achieved title of "master of craft"

2011-08-13T12:16:00.000+09:00

On August, There is a exp and skill exp event as a memorial of Tierra Americana update and summer vacation by Netmarble.

First week of August, 5th 12:00~ 8th 12:00 is gaining skill exp 150% time and 6th 12:00~ 9th noon is exp 150% time.

It is a good chance to be a master of craft! It offers consuming vigor -1 and increase great-success rate while I producing item related to craft.

Using craft skill, I can reinforce fur boots!

Fur boots is depending equipment and well-reinforced boots is very expensive item! As expensive as some ships from cash!

Unfortunately, if I fail to reinforce it, it ruin and no more available!

I thought Privilege of master of craft would be decrease the probability of failure so I challenged.

When I started upgrading skill level of craft, my craft rank was 13.

I have increased level by making Sherry(Iberian alcohol), vintage of the covenant, white vinegar, salt, and olive oil etc.

At the skill level of 13, I began to make marble statue.

I had to buy marble at Athene and lumber at Beirut.

Fortunately, I was able to get lots of marble at Athene by help of some users who are struggle with increasing their wares trading skill level.

While making marble statue, my craft level is increased by 14! Only ONE RANK LEFT!
After that, I continued to making marble statue but players at Athene were all gone!
I need other ways to be a master of craft.

I went to Bordeaux in which sell brandy and raisins. With brandy and raisins, I can make sherry, Iberain alcohol and it helps improving craft level.
Luckily, I met a user '꿈에서깨어보니' ,who are strive for increasing alcohol trading and luxuries trading and offered me brandy and raisins for cheap price.

I made sherry with them and a few skill efficiency was left to be a master of craft.

Sherry can be material for making vintage of the covenant. I made it with lots of redundant sherry.

While making it, my level of craft became 15! I got title of MASTER OF CRAFT!

I got title of MASTER OF CRAFT!

I'm really thanks to users at Athene and 꿈에서깨어보니.
Now I can reinforce fur boots with less fail property!
My sewing skill is level 14 and I precede 75% of skill efficiency at skill 14.
I wish I become master of sewing, too!

[UWO]My sub-character's peerage and apartment rank were improved!

2011-08-12T23:55:00.005+09:00

On August 2nd, my main-character, Kyle Garrett's apartment rank was improved by full rank.
Today,August 12nd,my sub-character, Tia Cervera's apartment rank was improved, too!

Tia Cervera was appointed 6th chevalier yesterday!

I didn't predict about it since it happened coincidentally.

Peerage is determined by explore exp(adventurer), sum of invested ducat(merchants), contribution point of normal battle and dedicate point of Great Naval Battle.

Invest and Great Naval Battle peerage can be foreseen since I invest or fight to get peerage.

But peerage from explore exp can't be unless I use dhoguide.com.

Peerage normal battle can't be predicted unless I record result of all the battles.

Tia's 6th chevalier peerage is from adventure.
I only record Kyle Garrett, main character's explore so I didn't perdict.

Screenshot of getting higher peerage

Anyway, on August 11st, Tia was appointed to 6th chevalier.

Screenshot of finishing improving Tia's house.

I didn't make mistake like Kyle. I always prepare improving at Seville, where Tia's home is located, after appointed.

Screenshots of new house.

At the last screenshot, the girl next to TiaCervera is Maria, Tia's steward.

The man and girl on the right side of the Tia is my aids.

The girl's name is Sylvia,Dutch girl and The man's name is Aslan, Ottoman man.

I hope Tia's apartment is improved by full rank by Kyle's

I'm also curious about the shape of the full rank house of Mediterranean type.

I don't know full rank of Mediterranean type. Kyle's apartment is North-sea type.

There are four types in this game, North-sea, Mediterranean, Islam(Ottoman), Indian.

Player can't select Ottoman and Indian initially and can choose Ottoman by defection.

English and Dutch players usually select North-sea type and other players: French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Venetian chose Mediterranean type.

Kyle Garrett, English character chose North-sea type and Tia Cervera, Spainsh character chose Mediterranean type.

My birthday!

2011-08-12T13:47:00.001+09:00

The day before yesterday,August 10th, was my 19th birthday.

I couldn't write post yesterday since I was busy with teaching my cousin on the mother's side.

On birthday, nothing was special just like ordinary day.

My parents went to their job and my brother was busy with study.

A few people,Judy Lee and JaeKyeom Kim, celebrated my birthday through Facebook on my birthday.

My aunts gaved me 80,000Korean won, about US$74

I'm really thanks to them.

I played UWO like mundane day. I visited my guild's city with my guild members.

I went to park but few puppies are there.
At evening, my mom and I went to bakery to buy my birthday cake.
I chose fresh cream cake with some chocolate and fruits: grapes and cherries.

Photos of cake which I bought

The dark side of 2nd photo is cherry. My mobile camera is not so good.

The cake was not only big but also taste was great!

Though there was not special event on that day, I was really happy since I felt there are many good people around me.

[UWO]Rank of My Character's apartment is improved!

2011-08-11T22:58:00.001+09:00

I was busy with enjoying new contents, Tierra Americana, updated on August 2nd.

On that day, my characters's apartment rank was improved by 4, the highest level.

To finish improving it, my peerage must be at least 4th chevalier.

I gained 5th chevalier on May 5th 2011: http://sailingkyle.blogspot.com/2011/05/uwo-my-character-got-higher-peerage.html

I gained semi-4th chevalier on May 30th 2011 by contributing to 64th Great Naval Battle.
http://sailingkyle.blogspot.com/2011/08/uwothe-great-naval-battle-and-new.html

Finally, I got 4th chevalier on July 31st 2011 by devoting to 66th Great Naval Battle.

The screenshot of earning peerage of 4th chavalier .

After earning peerage on July 31st, I started to improving my apartment's rank!
Preparing upgrading house is available only ONE time per day.
I expected it would be completed on August 2nd, on which Tierra Americana patch begin.
I can celebrate TA patch by improving it!
But problem happened on next day, August 1st

On August 1st, I prepare upgrading my house through bank in Lisbon, NOT LONDON, which my character's apartment located.
Hence, ONLY FOUR prepare point would be scarce if I prepare it on tomorrow, August 2nd.
It was big mistake :(

It was not matter since I just have to wait one day.
However, I CAN'T wait since I was crazy at TA patch at that time.
I had a 1000 Netmarble cash from event. I bought item that prepare upgrading one more time for 700 cash.

On August 2nd, preparing it was FINISHED!

I reconstructed my house! My character was moved outside of home compulsory by system.

WOW! My house become MUCH LARGER THAN before! It seems like 10 times larger.
마리아(Maria)is my steward.(Is Steward is right for girl? I don't know about it)

Wow! my new home is very charming!

I can go to 2nd floor though it is narrow!

Screenshot with aides! From left to right, name of them is Francine, French girl; Carla, Ottoman girl; Holfina, Spanish girl.

I have desired full rank of apartment long time so I struggled to get higher peerage to satisfy improvement condition and get it!

I hope many people visit my house!

[UWO]The Great Naval Battle and New Peerage

2011-08-04T23:18:00.001+09:00

On May, there were Great Naval Battle, monthly event of Uncharted Waters Online.

Attacking country was England and its alliance, decided by vote of user, were Ottoman and France.

Defending country was Spain, which ally is the Netherlands.

The battle hold the weekend of last week of the month. It held 5/27~5/29 19:00~22:00.(Korean time, GMT+9:00)

On first day, my partner of the pary was Davids and 캡틴실바(CaptainSilver), 나하트(NaHeart)
My party members were very strong! Davids is one of the most powerful English user in my server and CaptainSilver was chairperson of England Community!

Except for me and some users, sailor who participated the Great Naval Battle are very skilled user!
I was exceptional case since I joined it to get high peerage.
Hence, fighting against user do not sure victory.
Most of user fight against NPC in small ship battle(at 19:00~20:00)and middle ship battle(at 20:00~21:00).
User vs user holds in big ship battle!
Davids is very skilled user so he sank enemy ship by giving a critical damage!

At middle ship battle, I joined White해커(WhiteHacker)'s party.
WhiteHacker was not strong enough. We lost battle against NPC.
We joined battlefield against enemy user as a reinforcements but we lost.

At first day, I participated small and middle ship battle and my victory point is 68.
If my victory point is more than 100, I'll get peerage!
My nation, England is slightly superior to Spain.

On second day, my party members are Davids and 안녕할끼니(Annyonghalkkini).
Annyounghalkkini is my guild member! He is stronger than me. He loves naval battle.

Our party attacked NPC and got triumph.

My second day's achieved victory point is 51, smaller than first day.
Spain succeed to turn around. They are little slightly superior to us.
Sum of my victory point is 68+51=119, higher than 100.
I may get HIGHER PEERAGE at England Royal Palace, located in London.

On the last day, there was a small ship verse user.
I forgot who was winner;;Oops..

Also on the last day, we attacked NPC

This is a last screen shot verse user. I sanked by other user's attack.. :(

I didn't participate middle and big ship battle on last day.
As a result, Spain won with 55% winning rate.

On May 30, I arrived in London and got higher peerage!

I hope more Eirene users enjoy the Great Naval Battle!

[UWO]Tierra Americana is updated in Korean server!

2011-08-02T22:17:00.002+09:00

Today, fifth chapter of the UWO, Tierra Americana was updated!
My guild can construct own pioneer city and some cities are added!

I post update notice for『Tierra Americana』 Chapter 1 Atlantic
(I translated Korean notice into English so some the names of contents can be different from Global server)

1. Some added contents

◈ New cities are added
- Paris, Firenze
※ You can go their by 'carriage'in Marseille, Pisa.

◈ New ocean area and landing places are added.
- North Pacific Oceanic basin, Terra Nova coastal waters

- Terra Nova North shore, North Ameriaca East shore, North Ameriaca East-South shore

◈ Construction of city system is added
- At North America landing place, guild master may construct city first.
- By consturucting building, you may have guild's own city.
- By visit admission, you may visit other sailor's city.

◈ Royal navy
- Sailor who has higher peerage than some conditions may join Royal navy by with each nation's NPC.
- You may paticipate the Great naval battle by various method different by your position.

◈ Constructing Fort
- While the Great naval battle, you may constuct fort by port management
- You may upgrade fort by deliver some items.
- Striking power, defensive power and endurance of the fort will be increased by sort delivered items.
- Ownership of the port will be greatly affect to result of the Great navl battle.

◈ Museum.
- At the Louvre palace of Paris, you may exhibit your discoveries
- You may get cultural contribution point after exhibit your discoveries. A little times to be required to be get it after do it.
- You may change and compete with other sailers by paying ducat.

◈ Trend
- If you exhibit some discoveries at museum and satisfy special conditions, trend will be happen
- The city where trend happen will get various benefits.

◈ New recipes are added
- 5 kinds of new recipes are added
- 5 kinds of changing recipe(fixed recipe)are added.
- If develope ment point and cultural contribution point satisfied, you may use changing recipe.
- You may confirm the contents of recipe by Medici workshop, The Chamber of Commerce and Industry, smith

◈ Accepting multiple quest is available
- You may recieve multiple quest by consuming cultural contribution point.

◈ The number of times of reinforcement of ship is increased.
- Some ships of both limitation level and the number of times of reinforcement are increased.
- It is available at dockyard of new pioneer city.
- Ships achieved from cashe times reinforcement is limited than other ships.

◈ New quest and discovery, map of discovery are added
- 30 kinds of quest, 60kinds of discovery, 34 kinds of map of discovery

◈ New titles are added
- Trend maker, culture devoter

◈ New foods at tavern are added

◈ New items are added
- 6 kinds of ships
- 125 kinds of equipments
- 10 kinds of trading goods
- 3 kinds of ship components
- 6 kinds of foods.

◈ New cash items are added
- Morale dominationn note ?(National prestige increases)
- Propaganda notice note?(increasement of hostility of other nations)
- Admisson of expanding bank's strongbox?(Expand bank's strongbox)
- A written request of withdrawing exhibits(Reduct withdrawing exhibits)

◈ New naval and land NPC are added

2. Altered contents
- 3 sets of reinforcement item is no more be sold.
* Weaponsmith's Forging Tools, Armoursmith's Forging Tools , Cannonsmith's Forging Tools
- Except playing event, you can't get these 3 items.
- Except playing event, you can't get Special Shipbuilding Improvement

- Limitation of maximum ship storage was increased by 4 to 5.( 4 -> 5)
- Some times of reinforcement of ships is changed.
* Scandinavian Heavy Galley, Heavy Galley
- Basic ability of some ships are improved.
* First Class Vaisseau : indurance, sail, times of reinforcement of ships increased
* Tea Clipper : sail, times of reinforcement of ships increased
* Cruising Tea Clipper : sail, times of reinforcement of ships increased
- Some achievment of exp and fame of some discovery were altered.
* Decreased discovery:
= Shield of Ancient Roman Militia, The City of the Dead, The Statue of Nyame , The Sanskrit Scroll, The Statue of Hanuman , The Annunciation,
Madonna and Child with St John , St. John the Baptist, The View of Toledo, Moses , yellow diamond, Cornflower Blue ,
Peacock Colour, Pigeon Blood , pink diamond, blue diamond, Jade , Chimpanzee, Giraffe , Hawksbill Turtle ,
Pelican Eel , The Andaman Island , The Island of Cozumel , The Pine Islands
* Increased discovery:
= Silver of Ancient India ,The Ring of the Nibelung , The Dance Costume of Theodora , Bullring Ticket, Statue of a Toltec Warrior

- Noticification of icon that Tow Permit is cannot be exchanged
- BGM of some ocean field was changed.
- If national pioneer city converted to central city, decreasing of Cultural point, Merchant point, Military point was descend.
- Some territories are changed to neutral city(Alliance city).
* Ceuta, Antwerpen, Goa, Santo Domingo
- Language You may get quest informration of library of the city where your guild belong to with out language of the city.
- Amount of buying Tow Permit is changed(5->15)
- Limitation maximum using of cash item with temporary is altered (5 many->7many)

3. ETC
- World chatting will be updated soon
- Entrusting sailing will be updated soon

*** For Korean server, purchase order and quest mediation permit is recovered before 2010.9.7 patch
expect ticket achieved by sold item to NPC.

Thank you!

Europa Universalis 3: Divine Wind: Castile chronicle in 1419: End of Castilian-Morocco war

2011-07-29T21:59:00.003+09:00

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about WWI and WWII.

Europa Universalis III: DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!

Last year,in1418, Castilian army eliminated Moroccan army!

In this year, Castile captured some province of Morocco and got it.

A small Moroccan unit was recruited at the Melilla but defeated

Teutonic order declare war upon Denmark but France dishonored their military alliance since they are still war upon England.

Burgundy revoked trade embargo but recover merchants at Liguria is more important for me.

New recruited Moroccan army was unified but lost and annihilated by glorious Castile army

Castilian army also captured Melilla!

I offered peace that Morocco cede Melilla and Ceuta.

Tangiers, also captured province, was not included for leaving conquest casus belli.

After peace propasal was declined, I sought some useful province of Morocco and found Sus is very rich province. It will be my next target.

Castile war currupted.. :( Castile gained 3 inflation.

I demanded Sus, Melilla and Ceuta and they accepted.

I can't demand ducat since Morocco was too poor to give money for winner.

In this war, Castile expanded their territory and got prestige but infamy increased.

Totally, it brought big benefit for Castile.

Europa Universalis 3: Divine Wind: Castile chronicle in 1418: A succession of victories against Morocco

2011-07-28T23:16:00.001+09:00

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive (WWI & WWII).

Europa Universalis III: DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!

I was worried about my army can be eliminated by chasing of enemy if they lost one time.

However, my glorious army always defeated the enemy!

Our troops sieged Ceuta and some Moroccan army attacted them to rescue, but they failed.

After one month later, Ceuta was CAPTURED!

England called for arms again but it is time to focus on battle against Morocco.

I declined the proposal so alliance between England broke.

Though we won at the Ceuta again, our casualties are more than enemy.

Castilian army chased remnant of Moroccan army and succeeded to eliminate them at Tangiers for revenge.

Rodrigo de Lara was died. He contributed to improve our trade technology.

Castilian citizen prayed for him...

Candar offered white peace and I accepted.

They are far away from us so no benefit from victory of the war.

Karaman located near Candar and their army is as strong as Candar. They are similar each other.

Hence I guessed Karaman also may accept white peace. It was right! They accepted!

Other alliance of Morocco make white peace with me.

Morocco fight against me alone with no troops!

Their army was eliminated at Tangiers! DECISIVE VICTORY for me!

Castile will capture some province of Morocco and get it.

Europa Universalis 3: Divine Wind: Castile chronicle in 1416~1417 Reconquista against Morocco

2011-07-28T00:13:00.001+09:00

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about WWI and WWII.

Europa Universalis III: DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!

I thought there is no country that can threaten us.

I declare war upon Morocco to complete the God's mission!

I declare war upon Morocco and some Muslim counties in Asia Minor declare war on Castile.

Fortunately, Algeria, Muslim country border on Morocco, didn't join the war.

There were both land and naval battle against enemy.

At land, Castilian army is battle against Morocco's army.

Castile is superior than enemy with larger troop and fleet so won at both battles.

While war against Morocco, Aragon joined our military alliance.
I wish that they don't betray like before.
Small troops of Karaman succeed land assult on Muricia. I have to defeat it.

Oops..Trebizond make peace with Candar. Both nation are located in Asia Minor.
Though Candar is not very treatable since it is far away from Castile, they can land assault mainland like Karaman.

Although Castilian army is smaller than Moroccan army, they achieved victory and got less casualties.

Castilian army chased and eliminated them.

Some Moroccan army was recruited at Ceuta but annihilated by our army.

Papal state lost at the battle and cede a provice.
Humiliation of the Papa.

Our government technology advanced!
Great man was arrieved at Gallicia but great man who already employed was better than him.

Castilian army defeated Moroccan troop at Toubkhal!
If they lost at the battle, they can be eliminated by chasing of enemy!

Karaman tried landing but failed by Castilian fleet.

Though Castile is gaining a series of victories, manpower of the troops are seriously damaged.
I may assure victory after eliminating Moroccan army one more time.
Good luck for our army!

Europa Universalis 3: Divine Wind: Castile chronicle in 1414~1415: New powerful alliance

2011-07-27T15:55:00.001+09:00

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about WWI and WWII.

Europa Universalis III: DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!

A great man arrived in Cantabria, province of Castile, but his ability is not so good. so I didn't hire.

GREAT NEWS!

BURGUNDY, one of the powerful nation in Europe, border on France, joined my millitray ALLIANCE!

If France declare war upon Castile, France have to fight against two powerful nations at two sides!

~~WWI Germany~~

God told me new mission. Continue the Reconquista!

Castile got the casus belli on Morocco.

Naples was lost at the war against Sicily since they got weak by bankrupt.

Sicily succeed to reconquest their core province!

Our land technology advanced! our units will fight better and now I can build armory.

Good choice for proceeding god's mission.

Aragon dishonored their military alliance. They broke alliance with us too!

Aragon is trustless country.

Though I gained casus belli against Portugal, I don't want to war with Iberian nations.

I'll focus on Reconquista against Morocco.

Our first constable at the Andalrucia was completed.

Direct tax in Andalrucia will be +25%.

We became PAPAL CONTROLLER!! BEST choice for Castile!

Our merchants are trading useful things.

Our naval technology advanced! However, I'll focus on land since England is war upon France and other nation's navy is not threatening for us.

Our great men died.. He did his best to improve Castile's prestige.

Hmm. Since France is still fighting against England and other countries border on me, Iberian nations, are not very strong. I think it is time to strike Morocco.

Europa Universalis 3: Divine Wind: Castile chronicle in 1413: Unnecessary wars.

2011-07-27T14:10:00.002+09:00

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about WWI and WWII.

Europa Universalis III: DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!

During this year, there were two unnecessary wars; war against France and Wallachia

Castile did not get any benefits and waste precious manpower.

During moving, our military leader died. Bad sign for the battle.

Enemy's army is larger than us. I decided retreat.

I lost at the battle and I offered white peace to France.. Priceless our citizen were died.:(

Trade station was founded at province of Cantabria. It will increase local tax and decline revolt risk. Lucky!

Though Wallachia is located far away from us, I thought that we can gain ducats for them if we won the battle.

I joined war as a alliance casus belli.

Although we didn't get any profit from battle, our merchant are bring lots of wealth at the center of trade.

Our merchant are in the business maximally at Venezia, one of the richest center in Europe.

They are at the Liguria and Andalucia!

Aragon rejected our alliance proposal again;;

Our production technology was improved!

I can build Constable!

Poland won at the battle of Wallachia and annexed Wallachia.

We didn't get any advantage from this battle.

I made a promise myself to not declare redundant war.

Europa Universalis 3: Divine Wind: Castile chronicle in 1411~1412 : New alliance

2011-07-26T13:35:00.002+09:00

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about WWI and WWII.

Europa Universalis III: DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!

At this era, one of the faithful alliance was broken and I tried to search another alliance partner.

Aragon broke their alliance with us! I thought that they disappointed Castile's weakness at the Holy war.

I decided to seek another alliance partner to stand up to France.

Quality of the armies is more important than quality of them.

I moved slider to "quality" and it brought decrease of national manpower by returning unsuitable recruits to their home.

We got alliance casus belli against Hungary since our alliance Austria is war upon them.

Castile was tired by holy war so didn't joined the war.

At Holy Roman Empire, king of Bohemia was elected as Emperor.

Burgundy annexed a small nation adjacent to them.

Burgundy is a powerful nation border on France. Can they be our alliance partner?

Our adviser, Ignacio de la Cueva published book, "The spirit of laws". I selected second choice and it will bring 10 prestige and increases investing government tech by 15 until 6 years, which valus is 15x6x12=1080 ducats.

Austria is also war against Naples but I didn't participated.

Trading salt happen to us and it gives land maintenance -10%.

It will helps sustain large army with small cost. A chance to enlarge Castile's army.

England is still war upon with France, began at 1399, the start of the scenario.(Hundred Year's War in real history)

I thought they are great partner to fight against France since the mainland of the England is safe for attack of French army protected by strong English navy

England call to arms to Castile and to keep alliance with them, I accepted.

It is the second time to war upon France.

Fortunately, although there was many failure, I was succeed to royal marriage with Austria.

Alliance with Austria will be strengthen.

Our nation needs monetary reforms.

If I proceed monetary reforms, I got decline of 2 stability, the critical damage.

Hence I selected not to do it so I got 3.00 inflation, also bad choice for us.

I have to invest 3% more of ducats to improve technology, recruit army and naval ships and build some buildings.

While war upon France, Burgundy refused our merchants to their center of trade.

Antwerpen is one of the rich center of trade in Europe like Liguria and Venice.

Our next target was there so it disappointed me a lot.

I thought we can't win war against France since their army is twice as large as us.

I will fight one time and offer white peace to them.

[Math][Linear Algebra] Field

2011-07-26T12:48:00.000+09:00

Though my major is Math, there had been no post about it except some programs related about it.

This post is about field, studied in last semester, Linear Algebra class.

Definition of field:

If nonempty set F satisfies following things, we call F is a field.

[about +]
1. There exist an operation + such that + is closed and well defined under set F
2. + is associative: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c) for all a,b,c in F
3. there exist 0 in F such that a+0=0+a=a for all a in F
(0 is additive identity of F)
4. For all a in F, there exist -a in F such that a+(-a)=(-a)+a=0
(-a is additive inverse of a)
5.+ is commutative: a+b=b+a for all a,b in F

[about ×]

6. There exist an operation × such that × is closed and well defined under set F

7. × is associative: (a×b)×c=a×(b×c) for all a,b,c in F

8. there exist 1 in F such that a×1=1×a=a for all a in F. 1 is not 0

(1 is multiplicative identity of F)

9. For all nonzero a in F, there exist a^-1 in F such that a+(a^-1)=(a^-1)+a=0

(a^-1 is additive inverse of a)

10.× is commutative: a×b=b×a for all a,b in F

11. × is distributive on the left and right : (a+b)×c=a×c+b×c . a×(b+c)=a×b+a×c for all a,b,c in F

N is not a filed since additive inverse does not exist for all element in F.

(for example, -1 is not in F)

Z is not a filed since multiplicative inverse does not exist for all element in F.

(for example, 1/2 is not in F)

Q is a field.
R is a field, too.

Z_2={0,1}is field and the smallest.
We can easily show that Z_2 is a field by showing Z_2 satisfies 1~11.
Z_2 is the smallest field since a field must have at least 2 elements; 0 and nonzero element 1.

The book which I studied last semester.
It is easy to understand and conciseness.

My professor who taught vector calculus recommended to read this book last year.

Europa universalis 3 divine wind: Great Britain decision

2011-07-24T21:26:00.002+09:00

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about WWI and WWII.

Europa Universalis III: DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!

The country which I first played in EU3:Divine Wind was England since it is my favorite Europe country.

England is good country. With its powerful navy, the enemys can't assault our mainland.

I give up playing since I was newbie at playing so I was not skilled and it brings very high inflation.

However, the decision of forming Great Britain decision, which I did at England play, may encourage my Castile play, which goal is forming Spain.

I searched conditions at Paradoxx wiki
http://www.paradoxian.org/eu3wiki/British_nation

Requirements

Great Britain may not exist.
Country cannot be the Papal States or the Holy Roman Empire.
Primary culture must be British or Welsh.
You must own and have cores on London, Oxfordshire, Wessex, Lothian and Aberdeen.

Taking this decision will retag your country as Great Britain. It is a good idea to save your game and reload at this point, since sometimes the retag causes problems with casus belli and accepted cultures.

The effects of decision are: (Also I searched conditions at Paradoxx wiki)

Effects

Grant cores on London, Cornwall, Wessex, Kent, Oxfordshire, East Anglia, Gloucestershire, Marches, Glamorgan, Gwynedd, Lincoln, Lancashire, Yorkshire, Northumberland, Cumbria, Lothian, Ayrshire, Fife, Aberdeen, Highlands, Western Isles, Orkney, Ulster, Meath, Leinster, Munster and Connaught.
Gain one colonist.
Gain +1 base tax in a random owned British culture province.
Gain two points toward centralization.
Gain +5 prestige.
Change the capital to London.

Screenshot:

Before activating decision:

After decision:

The color of presenting nation became a little darker than before.

I hope to form Spanish nation while playing Castile, too.

In real history, On 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union in 1707, England and Scotland were united as a single sovereign state the Great Britain. (quoted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain)

Europa Universalis 3: Divine Wind: Castile chronicle in 1410: End of the Holy war

2011-07-24T19:30:00.000+09:00

Castile chronicle is about my second time of playing Europa Universalis 3: Divine wind.

At the first play, I played England and it was focused on naval battles.

Hence, I'm not skilled about land battles and it made big mistake during the holy war.

During holy war against Morocco, Sunni country, Sunni zealots rose up revolt at Gibraltar.

It will disturb my land battle. Recruiting regiments at the mainland will be defeat them.

There was a battle at Fez again . Though we were lesser than enemy, we won.

However, our manpower of troops are not recovered yet, decreased by war at Tangiers.

Though we won at battle again, our troop damaged a lot.

There was a small battle at Fez. We are still achieving victory, but number of units of troops is still decreasing.

Byzantium lost at the war and cede some ducats and a province to Naxos.

The glorious history of Byzantium is hard to reappear.

Our troop eliminated a small enemy force at Fez.

Fez is a large province, there were many battles at their.

Our troop eliminated a small enemy force at Melilla, too

During the war, our government technology improved.

Oops.. England, the Pope's country, make peace with Morocco.

Though there was a religious rebel at Gibraltar, religion of Gibraltar converted to Catholic.

Oops, during the lots of battles, our army get smaller and it may be eliminated by this battle.

I made white peace with them..

At this war, Castile didn't get anything and lost many valuable life of people.

I regret the declaration of war..

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about WWI and WWII.

Europa Universalis III: DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!

Europa Universalis 3: Divine Wind: Castile chronicle in 1408~1409: Holy War

2011-07-23T18:15:00.000+09:00

At 1408, Castile enjoyed their peaceful time like the year of 1406 and 1407.

However, peaceful time didn't lasted long time.

We had some redundant ducats. I invested it sending missionary to Granada.

Their was a war at south Italy. Sicily lost at the war so cede a province to Naples.

Building church at Madrid was completed.

Though Naples won at the war and gained 25 ducats from their enemy, Naples got bankrupt.

Fools! The war damaged the winner more.

Byzantium declared war on Naxos for reconquest their land.

Although Byzantium is heir of the Rome and had glorious history, Byzantium is very weak in this scenario by the invasion of Ottomans. I don't think their got triumph.

Burgundy also declared war upon Bar for same reason. Burgundy is far stronger than Bar.

Bar will be annexed by Burgundy.

Though Byzantium was weak, I was attracted its glorious history.

The Pope called for a Crusade against Morocco!

With a holy war casus belli, we can gain a land with less infamy(25% of no casus belli.)

It's a great chance to expand Castile's territory!

Our production technology was advanced so I can build marketplace and production efficiency increased little.

I decided declare war upon Morocco, but our military leader has died. It is a bad omen.

Though I general dead, I thought it is a big chance!
Castile and its alliance Aragon declared war upon Morocco.

Since the casus belli of this war is holy war, the effect of Crusade happen to us.

Though Portugal is not alliance of me, it declared war independently and it conquered a province of enemy.

At Tangiers, Portuguese and Castillian army defeated their public enemy but more casualties than them.

Castilian army defeat enemy at Fez, too.

I think this war will be end in 3 years since Morocco is on the war with more than 3 European countries.

Darkest Hour: Another game made by Paradoxx interactive. It is about WWI and WWII.

Europa Universalis III: DOWNLOAD it and enjoy playing like me!