<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857</id><updated>2024-12-18T22:28:50.713-05:00</updated><category term="webgrafia: http://www.ehu.es/biomoleculas/enzimas/enz3.htm"/><title type='text'>LA CÉLULA, UNA MIRADA DESDE LA BIOLOGÍA CELULAR</title><subtitle type='html'>Desde tiempos remotos, el hombre ha buscado develar cuáles son los principios fundamentales que rigen la vida, y ha sido la célula precisamente, el eje más importante para explicar el funcionamiento de los organismos y sus características.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>12</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-622598944787466502</id><published>2011-06-09T17:15:00.006-05:00</published><updated>2011-06-10T00:48:58.195-05:00</updated><title type='text'>POR QUÉ ENVEJECEMOS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;El oxigeno es vital para la supervivencia de los organismos, pero así como es de benéfico para nosotros, de la misma manera, es el causante de que el cuerpo envejezca. Su acción en el organismo genera radicales libres que destruyen poco a poco las células, un proceso natural regulado por las mitocondrias que se acelera entre mayor sea la cantidad de oxígeno absorbido por el organismo. Paradójicamente, aun cuando un atleta es menos propenso a enfermedades envejecerá más rápido debido a que el ejercicio que realiza requiere de una gran cantidad del elemento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #6fa8dc; color: #a64d79; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #6fa8dc; color: #a64d79; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/HYDd4vNL3OU?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHwF5YrfpdM&amp;amp;feature=related&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHwF5YrfpdM&amp;amp;feature=related&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHwF5YrfpdM&amp;amp;feature=related&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39-QYfYsxTU&amp;amp;feature=related&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;La mitocondria es una estructura clave en el funcionamiento normal de la célula y es comparable al motor del automóvil generando energía a través de la combustión de sustrato mecanismo OXPHOS fig 1. Toda combustión utiliza Oxígeno y al mismo tiempo libera radicales libres o especies reactivas de Oxígeno. El Oxígeno que representa el 20 % de la atmósfera es esencial para la vida, pero al mismo tiempo es la fuente principal de radicales libres entre ellos los más importantes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;- Superóxido O2- Radical madre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;- Peróxido HO2- Oxida las grasas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;- Peróxido de Hidrógeno H2 O2 Origen de otros Radicales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;- Hidroxilo OH.- Principalmente Daña al ADN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;Las células poseen un impresionante aparato antioxidante enzimático y de moléculas antioxidantes, la mayoría derivados de vegetales y frutas para neutralizar a los Radicales libres. Las defensas antioxidantes enzimáticas incluyen:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;- Superóxido dismutasa ( SOD ): enzima que neutraliza al radical Superóxido (O2.- ) en H2 O2. Existen 3 formas de SOD en el humano: La citosólica Cu,Zn-SOD; la mitocondrial Mn-SOD y la SOD extracelular, todas codificadas y reguladas independientemente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;- La Catalasa y la Glutation peroxidasa ( GPX ) convierten al H2 O2&amp;nbsp;en agua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;- Antioxidantes hidrofílicos: Ascorbato, Uratos y Glutatión ( GSH)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;- Antioxidantes lipofílicos: Tocopheroles, flavonoides, carotenoides y ubiquinol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;- Enzimas reconstituyentes de electrones de las formas oxidadas de los antioxidantes hidrofílicos y lipofílicos entre ellas: GSH reductasa, dehidroascorbato reductasa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;- Enzima responsable del mantenimiento del grupo thiol de las proteínas ( Thioredoxina reductasa)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #a64d79;&quot;&gt;Estas enzimas antioxidantes y moléculas antioxidantes neutralizan la mayor parte de los radicales libres generados. Sinembargo la neutralización no llega a ser total quedando una fracción de estos libres y activos. Los Hidroxilos libres alcanzan a dañar la membrana mitocondrial lipídica muy rápido y al mtADN causando mutaciones en sus cadenas. El Superóxido libre daña la membrana de la mitocondria y retarda el proceso oxidativo de respiración mitocondrial, ambos fenómenos ocasionan el envejecimiento mitocondrial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/622598944787466502/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/por-que-envejecemos.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/622598944787466502'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/622598944787466502'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/por-que-envejecemos.html' title='POR QUÉ ENVEJECEMOS'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-5788897213815072049</id><published>2011-06-09T13:02:00.006-05:00</published><updated>2011-06-10T01:02:21.874-05:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="webgrafia: http://www.ehu.es/biomoleculas/enzimas/enz3.htm"/><title type='text'>CATÁLISIS ENZIMATICA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PRINCIPIOS DE LA CATÁLISIS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Las enzimas son catalizadores específicos: cada enzima cataliza un solo tipo de reacción, y casi siempre actúa sobre un único sustrato o sobre un grupo muy reducido de ellos. En una reacción catalizada por una enzima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La sustancia sobre la que actúa la enzima se llama sustrato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El sustrato se une a una región concreta de la enzima, llamada centro activo. El centro activo comprende (1) un sitio de unión formado por los aminoácidos que están en contacto directo con el sustrato y (2) un sitio catalítico, formado por los aminoácidos directamente implicados en el mecanismo de la reacción7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Una vez formados los productos la enzima puede comenzar un nuevo ciclo de reacción&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoSubtitle&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoSubtitle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;http://www.lourdes-luengo.es/unidadesbio/proteinas/transparencias_sm/p0603.gif&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;tomado de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://geocities.ws/batxillerat_biologia/metabolintrod.htm&quot;&gt;http://geocities.ws/batxillerat_biologia/metabolintrod.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA ACCIÓN ENZIMÁTICA&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La característica más sobresaliente de las enzimas es su elevada especificidad. Esta es doble y explica que no se formen subproductos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Especificidad de sustrato. El sustrato (S) es la molécula sobre la que la enzima ejerce su acción catalítica.&amp;nbsp;Especificidad de acción. Cada reacción está catalizada por una enzima específica.&amp;nbsp;La acción enzimática se caracteriza por la formación de un complejo que representa el estado de transición.&amp;nbsp;El sustrato se une a la enzima a través de numerosas interacciones débiles como son: puentes de hidrógeno, electrostáticas, hidrófobas, etc, en un lugar específico , el centro activo. Este centro es una pequeña porción de la enzima, constituido por una serie de aminoácidos que interaccionan con el sustrato.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoSubtitle&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-weight: bold; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/mrwjrUSG6W8?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e7cc3;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/5788897213815072049/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/catalisis-enzimatica.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/5788897213815072049'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/5788897213815072049'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/catalisis-enzimatica.html' title='CATÁLISIS ENZIMATICA'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-8298558785378882003</id><published>2011-06-09T02:04:00.001-05:00</published><updated>2011-06-09T10:36:00.085-05:00</updated><title type='text'>ORGANELOS PRESENTES EN LA CELULA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/5GATtn4edeU?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Las funciones que se&amp;nbsp;realizan en el cuerpo están dividas y&amp;nbsp;realizadas por órganos y tejidos distintos. La comida es digerida en el estómago e intestinos, los huesos proveen estructura y fuerza, y el cerebro actúa como un lugar central para el proceso de información y para dar comandos a otras partes del cuerpo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;En casi la misma manera, las funciones de cada una de las células están dividas entre combinaciones muy organizadas de las biomoléculas. Estas estructuras son análogas a los órganos en el cuerpo y se llaman&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cancerquest.org/index.cfm?page=42&amp;amp;lang=spanish&quot;&gt;organelos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Los organelos están suspendidos en un líquido viscoso a base de agua. El líquido es conocido como e l&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cancerquest.org/index.cfm?page=42&amp;amp;lang=spanish&quot;&gt;citosol&lt;/a&gt;. El fluído y los organelos que se encuentran afuera del núcleo son colectivamente llamados el&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cancerquest.org/index.cfm?page=42&amp;amp;lang=spanish&quot;&gt;citoplasma&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;object classid=&quot;clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=8,0,24,0&quot; height=&quot;346&quot; width=&quot;475&quot;&gt;&lt;embed width=&quot;475&quot; height=&quot;346&quot; src=&quot;http://www.cancerquest.org/images/cellrollover_spanish.swf&quot; quality=&quot;high&quot; wmode=&quot;transparent&quot; pluginspage=&quot;http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot;&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/8298558785378882003/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/organelos-presentes-en-la-celula.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/8298558785378882003'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/8298558785378882003'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/organelos-presentes-en-la-celula.html' title='ORGANELOS PRESENTES EN LA CELULA'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-8620943838156288055</id><published>2011-06-08T22:41:00.000-05:00</published><updated>2011-06-08T22:41:50.415-05:00</updated><title type='text'>EL CITOPLASMA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow;&quot;&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;citoplasma&lt;/strong&gt; consiste en una &lt;strong&gt;estructura celular&lt;/strong&gt; cuya apariencia es viscosa. Se encuentra localizada dentro de la &lt;strong&gt;membrana plasmática&lt;/strong&gt; pero fuera del &lt;strong&gt;núcleo&lt;/strong&gt; de la &lt;strong&gt;célula&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/b-hyqOM-4aA?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;TOMADO DE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-hyqOM-4aA&amp;amp;playnext=1&amp;amp;list=PL2D10AED73665B8A1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-hyqOM-4aA&amp;amp;playnext=1&amp;amp;list=PL2D10AED73665B8A1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/8620943838156288055/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/el-citoplasma.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/8620943838156288055'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/8620943838156288055'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/el-citoplasma.html' title='EL CITOPLASMA'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-2061198298761524838</id><published>2011-06-08T22:25:00.001-05:00</published><updated>2011-06-08T22:27:59.352-05:00</updated><title type='text'>PERMEABILIDAD DE LAS MEMBRANAS CELULARES</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Permeabilidad selectiva:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;La membrana plasmática regula la entrada y salida de materiales, permitiendo la entrada de unos y restingiendo el paso de otros. Esta propiedad se llama &lt;b&gt;permeabilidad selectiva.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La membrana es &lt;b&gt;permeable&lt;/b&gt; cuando permite el paso, más o menos fácil, de una sustancia. La permeabilidad de la &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;membrana depende de varios factores relacionados con las propiedades físico-químicas de la sustancia: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Solubilidad en los lípidos&lt;/b&gt;: Las sustancias que se disuelven en los lípidos (moléculas hidrófobas, no polares) penetran con facilidad en la membrana dado que esta está compuesta en su mayor parte por fosfolípidos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tamaño&lt;/b&gt;: la mayor parte de las moléculas de gran tamaño no pasan a través de la membrana. Sólo un pequeño número de moleculas no polares de pequeño tamaño pueden atravesar la capa de fosfolípidos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Carga&lt;/b&gt;: Las moleculas cargadas y los iones no pueden pasar, en condiciones normales, a través de la membrana. Sin embargo, algunas sustancias cargadas pueden pasar por los canales proteícos o con la ayuda de una proteína transportadora. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ3DItqe-NZhpOPxMYEHeV98mInUxQxsQdKD5EVTDdgIP3X7GZjLUl-udceMFhWWwK2lj62msBMKJrE8Jv5noyI61sM0qYZEnG4jwReSjzVzP2tr8IZESiJ5Q6oAUQ9JTEWsWjSyG1rBtQ/s1600/Diffuse%255B1%255D.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ3DItqe-NZhpOPxMYEHeV98mInUxQxsQdKD5EVTDdgIP3X7GZjLUl-udceMFhWWwK2lj62msBMKJrE8Jv5noyI61sM0qYZEnG4jwReSjzVzP2tr8IZESiJ5Q6oAUQ9JTEWsWjSyG1rBtQ/s1600/Diffuse%255B1%255D.gif&quot; t8=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;Tomado de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com.co/imgres?imgurl=http://www.maph49.galeon.com/memb1/Diffuse.gif&amp;amp;imgrefurl=http://www.maph49.galeon.com/memb1/permeability.html&amp;amp;usg=__ABFifsGMiSm7hEClNY7Bva2qda0=&amp;amp;h=163&amp;amp;w=240&amp;amp;sz=50&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;start=0&amp;amp;zoom=1&amp;amp;tbnid=8b85jeqrc1dQzM:&amp;amp;tbnh=116&amp;amp;tbnw=171&amp;amp;ei=ezzwTc3rPNSltweDoISTAw&amp;amp;prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpermeabilidad%2Bde%2Bla%2Bmembrana%2Bcelular%26um%3D1%26hl%3Des%26biw%3D1003%26bih%3D555%26tbm%3Disch&amp;amp;um=1&amp;amp;itbs=1&amp;amp;iact=hc&amp;amp;vpx=156&amp;amp;vpy=166&amp;amp;dur=2332&amp;amp;hovh=130&amp;amp;hovw=192&amp;amp;tx=101&amp;amp;ty=139&amp;amp;page=1&amp;amp;ndsp=15&amp;amp;ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0&amp;amp;biw=1003&amp;amp;bih=555&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;http://www.google.com.co/imgres?imgurl=http://www.maph49.galeon.com/memb1/Diffuse.gif&amp;amp;imgrefurl=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/2061198298761524838/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/permeabilidad-de-las-membranas.html#comment-form' title='2 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/2061198298761524838'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/2061198298761524838'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/permeabilidad-de-las-membranas.html' title='PERMEABILIDAD DE LAS MEMBRANAS CELULARES'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ3DItqe-NZhpOPxMYEHeV98mInUxQxsQdKD5EVTDdgIP3X7GZjLUl-udceMFhWWwK2lj62msBMKJrE8Jv5noyI61sM0qYZEnG4jwReSjzVzP2tr8IZESiJ5Q6oAUQ9JTEWsWjSyG1rBtQ/s72-c/Diffuse%255B1%255D.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-5557267970009379442</id><published>2011-06-08T21:59:00.008-05:00</published><updated>2011-06-10T01:05:16.237-05:00</updated><title type='text'>Células y membranas</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Las membranas conforman los límites de las células, es decir están constituidas por una bicapa lipidica dentro de la cual se insertan proteínas; estas proteínas pueden ser perféricas o integrales que pueden atravesar o no la bicapa.  Esta bicapa posee características similares a las de las membranas celulares: es permeables al agua pero impermeables a los cationes y aniones y a las grandes moléculas polares. En realidad, las membranas celulares son, esencialmente, bicapas lipídicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Proteínas integrales: son aquellas que cruzan la membrana y aparecen a ambos lados de la capa de fosfolípidos. La mayor parte de estas proteínas son glicoproteinas, proteínas que tiene unidos uno varios monosacáridos. La parte de carbohidrato de la molécula está siempre de cada al exterior de la célula.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Proteínas periféricas: están no se extienden a lo ancho de la bicapa sino que están unidas a las superficies interna o externa de la misma y se separan fácilmente de la misma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/5557267970009379442/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/celulas-y-membranas.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/5557267970009379442'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/5557267970009379442'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/06/celulas-y-membranas.html' title='Células y membranas'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-3495660627873340852</id><published>2011-05-28T18:32:00.002-05:00</published><updated>2011-06-10T01:01:11.949-05:00</updated><title type='text'>FORMACIÓN DE BICAPAS LIPÍDICAS EN LAS MEMBRANAS CELULARES</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh281Nq-zW_UnKBxCSi2KcyXV-F3xLIVj3TOG8PqjRv0J0VFMNp-wiqPbfg2zCq2B7J3PlHYKqVz8vOV7GejAgSJYXQJBxqoqNDaRnXhzpg7ZTMP5_EFcctgQr62o4MoUm2qtm4fRfQGZs_/s1600/membrana%255B1%255D%255B1%255D.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; color: orange; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;260px&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh281Nq-zW_UnKBxCSi2KcyXV-F3xLIVj3TOG8PqjRv0J0VFMNp-wiqPbfg2zCq2B7J3PlHYKqVz8vOV7GejAgSJYXQJBxqoqNDaRnXhzpg7ZTMP5_EFcctgQr62o4MoUm2qtm4fRfQGZs_/s320/membrana%255B1%255D%255B1%255D.jpg&quot; t8=&quot;true&quot; width=&quot;320px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #c27ba0;&quot;&gt;Si se dispersa por una superficie acuosa una pequeña cantidad de un lípido anfipático,se puede formar una capa de una molécula de espesor&amp;nbsp;llamada&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial-BoldMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial-BoldMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;monocapa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #c27ba0; font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Esto es debido a que las partes hidrófilas se disponen hacia el interior y los grupos hidrófobos hacia el exterior de la superficie acuosa.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: ArialMT; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/3495660627873340852/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/05/formacion-de-bicapas-lipidicas-en-las.html#comment-form' title='2 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/3495660627873340852'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/3495660627873340852'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/05/formacion-de-bicapas-lipidicas-en-las.html' title='FORMACIÓN DE BICAPAS LIPÍDICAS EN LAS MEMBRANAS CELULARES'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh281Nq-zW_UnKBxCSi2KcyXV-F3xLIVj3TOG8PqjRv0J0VFMNp-wiqPbfg2zCq2B7J3PlHYKqVz8vOV7GejAgSJYXQJBxqoqNDaRnXhzpg7ZTMP5_EFcctgQr62o4MoUm2qtm4fRfQGZs_/s72-c/membrana%255B1%255D%255B1%255D.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-1760062729213594241</id><published>2011-05-04T09:18:00.002-05:00</published><updated>2011-05-04T09:35:47.017-05:00</updated><title type='text'>LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA MEMBRANA CELULAR</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;La permeabilidad selectiva de la membrana plasmática juega un papel fundamental en las células teniendo en cuenta que el intercambio de sustancias entre ésta y el medio aporta los compuestos necesarios para que se lleven a cabo las funciones celulares. En este sentido la membrana se encarga de regular dicho intercambio &amp;nbsp;además de permitir la salida de los productos del metabolilsmo que la célula no necesita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/mozX-Fvuns8?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/1760062729213594241/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/05/la-importancia-de-la-membrana-celular.html#comment-form' title='19 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/1760062729213594241'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/1760062729213594241'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/05/la-importancia-de-la-membrana-celular.html' title='LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA MEMBRANA CELULAR'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>19</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-8991249708235351317</id><published>2011-05-03T15:16:00.005-05:00</published><updated>2011-06-09T17:33:35.435-05:00</updated><title type='text'>LA MEMBRANA CELULAR</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimhmCPZ5LT6KGcvoKB45eG0JH40Aa9jNY-xaE2iTCImZeEhp21hGPH3LVcRG4GIEBnymLPwcvACmbB08VEqpmAFy8Jxx3J1nLv4MGC0dL_jMA6Rgd8w-yJzcHT7rVb21qbuBEWZIogYqQ1/s1600/membrana_plasmatica.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;303&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimhmCPZ5LT6KGcvoKB45eG0JH40Aa9jNY-xaE2iTCImZeEhp21hGPH3LVcRG4GIEBnymLPwcvACmbB08VEqpmAFy8Jxx3J1nLv4MGC0dL_jMA6Rgd8w-yJzcHT7rVb21qbuBEWZIogYqQ1/s320/membrana_plasmatica.gif&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;La membrana celular o plasmática es una bicapa lipídica en la que se encuentran incrustadas proteínas (modelo de mosaico fluido descrito por Singer), cuyas funciones son las de definir la los límites o forma de la célula y mantener el equilibrio entre el medio intracelular y el medio extracelular. Esto último se debe a que se caracteriza por tener una permeabilidad selectiva, lo que le permite seleccionar las sustancias que entran y salen de la célula.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;La composición química de la membrana celular cambia entre células dependiendo de su función y del organismo (bacterias, vegetales, hongos, animales), pero en forma general, está compuesta por una doble capa de fosfolípidos, por proteínas&amp;nbsp;unidas a esa bicapa, y&amp;nbsp;carbohidratos&amp;nbsp;unidos covalentemente a los lípidos o a las proteínas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;LOS LÍPIDOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;los fosfolípidos son los principales lípidos constituyentes de la membrana celular.&amp;nbsp;Los fosfolípidos son moléculas anfipáticas, es decir, &amp;nbsp;ante la presencia de un&amp;nbsp;medio acuoso, adquieren una doble sensibilidad. Sus “cabezas” (grupo carboxilo)&amp;nbsp;son hidrofílicas (que tienen afinidad por el agua), mientras que sus&amp;nbsp;“colas” (cadena carbonada) son hidrofóbicas (que repelen el agua). Debido a esta naturaleza anfipática, en un medio acuoso tienden&amp;nbsp;espontáneamente a formar agrupaciones denominadas micelas o bicapas similares a las&amp;nbsp;celulares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWZvlpy6f56V7iAFSzvh3mIbrpE94BWyYe6lsLtdKQj-0yP0GW4qFnfU9Vu3gzkT5dRt6yALekyZkqPa9U8Jqb1qmozkecw0zhNiFTQ5tfbvISpesZR253f8_F6dxZthq8Ra1hnTchzfeV/s1600/l%25C3%25ADpidos+5.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWZvlpy6f56V7iAFSzvh3mIbrpE94BWyYe6lsLtdKQj-0yP0GW4qFnfU9Vu3gzkT5dRt6yALekyZkqPa9U8Jqb1qmozkecw0zhNiFTQ5tfbvISpesZR253f8_F6dxZthq8Ra1hnTchzfeV/s320/l%25C3%25ADpidos+5.JPG&quot; width=&quot;280&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;fuente:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://benitobios.blogspot.com/2009/05/lipidos.html&quot;&gt;http://benitobios.blogspot.com/2009/05/lipidos.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;LAS PROTEÍNAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;Las proteínas son largas cadenas de aminoácidos unidos por enlaces peptídicos y se encargan de las funciones dinámicas de la membrana, desempeñando funciones de transporte, conectoras (entre la membrana y el medio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matriz_extracelular&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;extracelular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;o con el interior), receptoras y&amp;nbsp;enzimáticas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyq-nhTCU02szixOPA91zkGKm3MUIYUj17GaZU_LRTUxDiqkzh-bf6w7LCqEZaLaL28pH5wzz1sMrrh0HDgZJzzlnD3ALKcePi_c-OOwv3Lj47Hrw-h2m0fxaYPM1ABD0tbUaQTTIAkQJX/s1600/images.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyq-nhTCU02szixOPA91zkGKm3MUIYUj17GaZU_LRTUxDiqkzh-bf6w7LCqEZaLaL28pH5wzz1sMrrh0HDgZJzzlnD3ALKcePi_c-OOwv3Lj47Hrw-h2m0fxaYPM1ABD0tbUaQTTIAkQJX/s1600/images.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;fuente:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://quimicalv.blogspot.com/2010/04/bienvenido.html&quot;&gt;http://quimicalv.blogspot.com/2010/04/bienvenido.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;Según su grado de asociación a la membrana, las proteínas se clasifican en:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prote%C3%ADna_integral&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Proteína integral&quot;&gt;Integrales o Intrínsecas&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;son anfipáticas. Solo se pueden separar de la bicapa si ésta es destruida. Algunas de tienen carbohidratos unidos a ellas covalentemente (&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucoprote%C3%ADnas&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Glucoproteínas&quot;&gt;glucoproteínas&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prote%C3%ADna_perif%C3%A9rica&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Proteína periférica&quot;&gt;Periféricas o Extrínsecas&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;No presentan regiones hidrófobas, así pues, no pueden entrar al interior de la membrana. Se encuentran en la parte intracelular de la membrana y se separan y unen a esta con facilidad por enlaces de tipo iónico.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Sintesis de proteinas: se lleva a cabo en los ribosomas, con ayuda del retículo endoplasmático y el aparato de golgi que sirven como compactadores y sacos de almacenamiento:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fC_h0zWM1us&amp;amp;NR=1&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fC_h0zWM1us&amp;amp;NR=1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;CARBOHIDRATOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;Los glúcidos de la membrana se presentan en forma de oligosacáridos o&amp;nbsp;como monosacáridos. Se encuentran unidos en forma&amp;nbsp;covalente a lípidos, constituyendo &amp;nbsp;glucolípidos, o a proteínas, constituyendo las&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;glucoproteínas. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;La ubicación de los glúcidos en las membranas plasmáticas se realiza&amp;nbsp;en la capa superficial o externa de la bicapa fosfolipídica, donde forman&amp;nbsp;una cubierta&amp;nbsp;extracelular denominada Glucocáliz. &amp;nbsp;A esta verdadera capa extracelular se le atribuyen&amp;nbsp;las siguientes funciones:&amp;nbsp;“atrapar” ciertos iones que son&amp;nbsp;importantes para la célula, proteger&amp;nbsp;a la membrana &amp;nbsp;contra&amp;nbsp;daños de origen químico o mecánico y reconocer otras células&amp;nbsp;a partir de la composición diferencial que presentan las distintas células&amp;nbsp;en su Glucocáliz. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; font-size: large; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs6_E3HSn5QDOYcRt29mwNwEbeZzG7goAGk68R-gCbxXy1I1phoo50c26nLH7Qvs8FBiQAv-rwIhoyeTlmgS_VjWwuVbEeEmrfSXlICyZxDqYYbcxqMnwsO3SXfHLvISe7TsaajmhLumSv/s1600/glucido1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;241&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs6_E3HSn5QDOYcRt29mwNwEbeZzG7goAGk68R-gCbxXy1I1phoo50c26nLH7Qvs8FBiQAv-rwIhoyeTlmgS_VjWwuVbEeEmrfSXlICyZxDqYYbcxqMnwsO3SXfHLvISe7TsaajmhLumSv/s320/glucido1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #f9cb9c; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/8991249708235351317/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/05/la-membrana-celular.html#comment-form' title='1 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/8991249708235351317'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/8991249708235351317'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/05/la-membrana-celular.html' title='LA MEMBRANA CELULAR'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimhmCPZ5LT6KGcvoKB45eG0JH40Aa9jNY-xaE2iTCImZeEhp21hGPH3LVcRG4GIEBnymLPwcvACmbB08VEqpmAFy8Jxx3J1nLv4MGC0dL_jMA6Rgd8w-yJzcHT7rVb21qbuBEWZIogYqQ1/s72-c/membrana_plasmatica.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-4124016496819437930</id><published>2011-03-31T14:25:00.003-05:00</published><updated>2011-03-31T14:35:53.201-05:00</updated><title type='text'>CÉLULAS PROCARIOTAS, LAS MÁS SIMPLES CONOCIDAS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmv9NXvK5W5fqXMEkFZvPMq-kQ5K5fMYoj8kj_n1Vjjz4cfoMnlSwfYJG6jKtirxfW69bXtXmG9MhQhdIt9SQzZ5ZnSSfdk9iEKgEqtZmofKlEcPEvGFJEfH4BubD1FimOliScGr-Rcb8B/s1600/procariota.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmv9NXvK5W5fqXMEkFZvPMq-kQ5K5fMYoj8kj_n1Vjjz4cfoMnlSwfYJG6jKtirxfW69bXtXmG9MhQhdIt9SQzZ5ZnSSfdk9iEKgEqtZmofKlEcPEvGFJEfH4BubD1FimOliScGr-Rcb8B/s1600/procariota.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Las células procariotas (pro: sin; carios: núcleo) son aquellas cuyo material nuclear no se encuentra en una forma determinada como organulo (núcleo), sino que se mueve libremente por el citoplasma,&amp;nbsp;debido a la ausencia de membrana nuclear. No es correcto decir que estas células carecen de núcleo debido a que en él se encuentra el material genético de cualquier célula y sin éste, no es posible su&amp;nbsp;reproducción. Por lo mismo, el ADN se encuentra desnudo y se dispone de manera circular formando un único cromosoma ovoide sin centrómero diferenciado.&amp;nbsp;Los ribosomas, encargados de la&amp;nbsp;síntesis&amp;nbsp;de proteínas a partir de la&amp;nbsp;transcripción&amp;nbsp;del ADN, tienen un tamaño entre 50 S y 70 S (svedberg).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Times, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Los organismos con células procariotas son las bacterias y las archebacterias. La pared celular de las primeras esta formada&amp;nbsp;por peptidoglicano o por mureína, mientras que la pared celular de las&amp;nbsp;Arqueobacterias, al encontrarse en condiciones extremas, utilizan otras sustancias para constituir sus paredes celulares.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/4124016496819437930/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/03/celulas-procariotas-las-mas-simples.html#comment-form' title='1 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/4124016496819437930'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/4124016496819437930'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/03/celulas-procariotas-las-mas-simples.html' title='CÉLULAS PROCARIOTAS, LAS MÁS SIMPLES CONOCIDAS'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmv9NXvK5W5fqXMEkFZvPMq-kQ5K5fMYoj8kj_n1Vjjz4cfoMnlSwfYJG6jKtirxfW69bXtXmG9MhQhdIt9SQzZ5ZnSSfdk9iEKgEqtZmofKlEcPEvGFJEfH4BubD1FimOliScGr-Rcb8B/s72-c/procariota.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-2197363219294448820</id><published>2011-03-26T17:37:00.001-05:00</published><updated>2011-03-26T17:38:07.665-05:00</updated><title type='text'>ORÍGENES DE LA BIOLOGÍA CELULAR Y MOLECULAR</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPlg4cjb2dxGLYU2yUFVPdyuwC8Izl__xOP-0OFZr_0nJxnYcf0JPXBA1SUt2qlV-lVADydST5Nh8j74S7MthE71a9SR7WUY-Ts6t6MDef1O4nyBCaunTHB2_bSh5tfiD9rFl2OM7spwG0/s1600/bio130.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;280&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPlg4cjb2dxGLYU2yUFVPdyuwC8Izl__xOP-0OFZr_0nJxnYcf0JPXBA1SUt2qlV-lVADydST5Nh8j74S7MthE71a9SR7WUY-Ts6t6MDef1O4nyBCaunTHB2_bSh5tfiD9rFl2OM7spwG0/s320/bio130.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #e69138;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Technical; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-AR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;La búsqueda y caracterización de los elementos simples que formaban los sistemas más complejos, se constituyó en un sueño para la ciencia. Persiguiendo ese sueño nacieron los&amp;nbsp;&lt;nobr id=&quot;epl_kw_69827dfe4d20dbc9_52&quot;&gt;modelos&lt;/nobr&gt;&amp;nbsp;de átomos y moléculas, constituyentes elementales de toda la&amp;nbsp;&lt;nobr id=&quot;epl_kw_69827dfe4d20dbc9_53&quot;&gt;materia&lt;/nobr&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Technical; font-size: 15px;&quot;&gt;El conocimiento de las&amp;nbsp;características&amp;nbsp;tan particulares de los seres vivos,&amp;nbsp;&lt;nobr id=&quot;epl_kw_69827dfe4d20dbc9_54&quot;&gt;producto&lt;/nobr&gt;&amp;nbsp;de la extrema complejidad de estos sistemas comparados con los sistemas inertes, no escapó del sueño mecanicista. Uno de los problemas principales del pensamiento biológico de todos los&amp;nbsp;&lt;nobr id=&quot;epl_kw_69827dfe4d20dbc9_55&quot;&gt;tiempos&lt;/nobr&gt;&amp;nbsp;fue establecer la relación entre estructura y vida.....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alipso.com/monografias/origenes_biologia_celymolec/&quot;&gt;http://www.alipso.com/monografias/origenes_biologia_celymolec/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/2197363219294448820/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/03/origenes-de-la-biologia-celular-y.html#comment-form' title='1 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/2197363219294448820'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/2197363219294448820'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/03/origenes-de-la-biologia-celular-y.html' title='ORÍGENES DE LA BIOLOGÍA CELULAR Y MOLECULAR'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPlg4cjb2dxGLYU2yUFVPdyuwC8Izl__xOP-0OFZr_0nJxnYcf0JPXBA1SUt2qlV-lVADydST5Nh8j74S7MthE71a9SR7WUY-Ts6t6MDef1O4nyBCaunTHB2_bSh5tfiD9rFl2OM7spwG0/s72-c/bio130.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1885626559700914857.post-4246772776170209391</id><published>2011-03-26T17:18:00.001-05:00</published><updated>2011-03-31T14:39:10.249-05:00</updated><title type='text'>LA TEORÍA CELULAR, DE LEEUWENHOEK A LA ACTUALIDAD</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/KrKXtnpOsc0?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #e69138;&quot;&gt;El estudio de las células inició en el siglo XVI con la&amp;nbsp;invención&amp;nbsp;el desarrollo de la óptica y la&amp;nbsp;invención&amp;nbsp;del microscopio. Las primeras observaciones de células fueron realizadas por Antoine van Leuwenhoekm, un comerciante y científico neerlandes, quien a finales del siglo XVII identificó algunas bacterias y los espermatozoides, convirtiéndose así en el pionero de las investigaciones en el campo celular&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/feeds/4246772776170209391/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/03/la-teoria-celular-de-leuwenhoek-la.html#comment-form' title='1 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/4246772776170209391'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1885626559700914857/posts/default/4246772776170209391'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologiacelularupn.blogspot.com/2011/03/la-teoria-celular-de-leuwenhoek-la.html' title='LA TEORÍA CELULAR, DE LEEUWENHOEK A LA ACTUALIDAD'/><author><name>Biología Celular</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05515993096267229100</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry></feed>