Law Students Lounge

Case on receivership

2015-01-08T14:22:00.000+08:00

Alfeo Vivas, on his behalf and on behalf of the Shareholders of the Eurocredit Community Bank, Petitioner, vs. The Monetary Board of the BSP and the PDIC, Respondents.

GR No. 191424; August 7, 2013

Facts: The Monetary Board placed the Eurocredit Community Bank under Prompt Corrective Action framework on account of the findings of serious findings and supervisory concerns. Vivas moved for the reconsideration of such action. ECBI also unjustly refused to allow the BSP examiners from inspecting its books and records. The MB issued Resolution No. 276 placing ECBI under receivership, because of its inability to pay its liabilities, insufficient realizable assets and violation of cease and desist order of the MB for acts constituting unsound banking practices. Vivas argued that the MB committed grave abuse of discretion for placing ECBI under receivership without prior notice and hearing, pursuant to RA 7353, Sec. 11.

Issue: Whether or not the MB committed grave abuse of discretion in placing ECBI under receivership without notice and hearing.

Ruling: No, the MB did not gravely abuse its discretion. The ECBI was given every chance to be heard and improve its financial standing. Moreover, the MB has the power to forbid a bank from doing business and place it under receivership without prior notice and hearing, when the circumstances warrant it. Under RA 7653, the MB was given with more power of closure and placement of a bank in receivership for insolvency or if the continuance in the business would result in the loss of depositors or creditors. The ‘close now, hear later” doctrine was justified on practical and legal considerations to preclude unwarranted dissipation of the bank’s assets and as valid exercise of police power to protect creditors, depositors, stockholders and the general public.

Case on indefeasibility of torrens titles

2015-01-08T14:20:00.001+08:00

Spouses Alfonso and Maria Angeles Cusi, Petitioners, vs. Lilia V. Domingo, Respondent.

G.R. No. 195825; February 27, 2013

Ramona Liza L. De Vera, Petitioner, vs. Lilia V. Domingo and Spouses Radella and Alfred Sy, Respondents

G.R. No. 195871

Facts: Lilia Domingo owned a certain real property which was vacant and unfenced. After some time, a construction activities were being undertaken on her property without her knowledge and more so, without her consent. She soon was able to discover a series of anomalous transactions involving her property. It turned out that Radella Sy was able to execute a falsified deed of sale and thereafter, acquired a valid title to the property. Sy then divided the property into two and sold each half to spouses De Vera and Spouses Cusi, and both buyers were able to have valid titles to the property on their names. All of the said transactions took place without the knowledge of the real owner Lilia Domingo. Upon learning of the circumstances, Domingo filed a case at the RTC seeking annulment or cancellation of the titles issued. The RTC rendered a decision, affirmed by the CA in favor of Lilia Domingo.

Issue: What is the effect of acquiring a real property under the Torrens System of Land Registration?

Ruling: Under the Torrens system of land registration, the State is required to maintain a register of landholdings that guarantees indefeasible title to those included in the register. The State issues an official certificate of title to attest to the fact that the person named is the owner of the property described therein, subject to such liens and encumbrances as thereon noted or what the law warrants or reserves. One of the guiding tenets underlying the Torrens system is the curtain principle, in that one does not need to go behind the certificate of title because it contains all the information about the title of its holder. This principle dispenses with the need of proving ownership by long complicated documents kept by the registered owner, which may be necessary under a private conveyancing system, and assures that all the necessary information regarding ownership is on the certificate of title. Consequently, the avowed objective of the Torrens system is to obviate possible conflicts of title by giving the public the right to rely upon the face of the Torrens certificate and, as a rule, to dispense with the necessity of inquiring further; on the part of the registered owner, the system gives him complete peace of mind that he would be secured in his ownership as long as he has not voluntarily disposed of any right over the covered land.

The petitioners were shown to have been deficient in their vigilance as buyers of the property. It was not enough for them to show that the property was unfenced and vacant; otherwise, it would be too easy for any registered owner to lose her property, including its possession, through illegal occupation. In view of the foregoing, the court affirmed the decision of the lower courts and restores to Domingo her rights of dominion over the property.

PNB vs Maranon GR 189316

2015-01-08T14:12:00.003+08:00

Case on rent and mortgage.

Philippine National Bank, Petitioner, vs.

Spouses Bernard and Cresencia Maranon, Respondents

G.R. No. 189316, July 01, 2013

Facts: The case is a petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court. The antecedent events being the Spouses Maranon, owner of a piece of real property, erected with a building occupied by various tenants. Said subject property was among the properties mortgaged by spouses Montealegre to PNB as a security for a loan. Spouses Montealegre, through a falsified Deed of Sale, acquired title to the property and used the property’s title which was purportedly registered in the name of Emelie Montealegre. However, due to failure to pay the loan, said property was foreclosed by PNB, and upon auction, was thereafter acquired by the same bank, PNB. Spouses Maranon filed before the RTC a complaint for Annulment of Title, Reconveyance and Damages against spouses Montealegre. Judgment of RTC was rendered in favour of spouses Maranon, and also stipulated that the Real Estate Mortgage lien of PNB shall stay and be respected. Such decision prompted PNB to also seek for entitlement to the fruits of the property such as rentals paid by the tenants.

Issue: Whether or not is PNB entitled to fruits of the disputed property.

Ruling: No. Rent is a civil fruit that belongs to the owner of the property producing it by right of accession. The rightful recipient of the disputed rent in this case should be thus the owner of the lot at the time the rent accrued. It is beyond question that spouses Maranon never lost ownership over the subject lot, and that technically, there is no juridical tie created by a valid mortgage contract that binds PNB to the subject lot because the mortgagors Montealegre were not the true owners. PNB’s lien as a mortgagee in good faith pertains to the subject lot alone and not on the erected building which was not foreclosed and still remained to be a property of Maranon. Thus, PNB’s claim for the rents paid by the tenants has no basis.

Jurisprudence on Foreclosure Sale

2014-05-10T12:59:00.000+08:00

Foreclosure Sale; Effect of failure to send personal notice to the mortgagor, Credit; Loan Interests, Penalty Rates

Carlos Lim, Consolacion Lim, Edmundo Lim, Carlito Lim, Shirley Leodadia Dizon, and Arleen Lim Fernandez, Petitioners, vs. Development Bank of the Philippines, Respondent

G.R. No. 177050; July 01, 2013

Facts: The petitioners obtained two loans from DBP to finance a cattle-raising business and executed therein a promissory note undertaking to pay the annual amortizations. To secure the loans, the petitioners executed a mortgage in favour of DBP over real properties. However, due to conflict between the government troops and the Muslim rebels in Mindanao, they were forced to abandon their cattle ranch which led to collapse of the business and failure to pay amortizations. Such financial demise of the business led to foreclosure and eventual auction of a part the mortgaged properties. But such auction of properties did not prove sufficient to cover the entire amount loaned as well as the penalties and interests thereof. The bank offered restructuring schemes to the petitioners, which were later on, cancelled by the bank due to failure to comply on the part of the petitioners. Demand letters were sent by the bank, and still, no definite response from petitioners was received, until such time that the remaining properties were auctioned, with DBP also as the highest bidder.

Issue:

Whether the foreclosure sale made by DBP was valid.
Whether the penalty rates imposed was valid.

Ruling:

The foreclosure sale was not valid due to the bank’s failure to send a notice of foreclosure to petitioners. Such failure of DBP to comply with their actual agreement with petitioner, such as to send a notice, is a breach sufficient to invalidate the foreclosure sale. In this case, the parties stipulated in their contract of mortgage that “all correspondence relative to the mortgage including demand letters, summons or subpoenas or notification of any extra-judicial action shall be sent to the mortgagor. “ it was said that a contract is the law between the parties, and failure to comply with it constitutes a breach.

2 Article 1956 of the Civil code specifically states that “no interest shall be due unless it has been expressly stipulated in writing.” Thus, the payment of interest and penalties in loans is allowed only if the parties agreed to it and reduced their agreement in writing. In this case, the petitioners never agreed to pay additional interest and penalties, thus, penalty rates imposed by DBP are illegal, and thus, void.

Asian Terminals Inc vs PhilAm Insurance

2014-05-09T22:31:00.002+08:00

Case on Letter of Credit

Asian Terminals, Inc., Petitioner, vs. Philam Insurance Co., Inc., (now Chartis Philippines Insurance, Inc.), Respondent

G.R. No. 181163, July 24, 2013

Philam Insurance Co., Inc., (now Chartis Philippines Insurance Inc.), Petitioner, vs. Westwind Shipping Corporation and Asian Terminals, Inc., Respondents

G.R. 181262

Westwind Shipping Corporation, Petitioner, vs. Philam Insurance Co., Inc. (now Chartis Philippines Insurance Inc.), Respondent

G.R. 181319

Facts: The case is a consolidation of three petitions for certiorari assailing the Decision and Resolution of the Court of Appeals where Nichimen Corporation shipped to consignee Universal Motors Corporation packages of automobiles, where upon delivery, said goods were found to have sustained damages. However, being insured with Philam against all risks, said insurance agency compensated Universal Motors and a subrogation receipt was issued thereafter to the insurance company. Philam, now the subrogee of Universal Motors went after Westwind and Asian Terminal for reparation of compensated amount given to Universal Motors.

Issue: What document may be effective used to prove loss and/or damages on the part of the shipper or consignee?

Ruling: A letter of credit may be used. A letter of credit is a financial device developed by merchants as a convenient and relatively safe mode of dealing with sales of goods to satisfy the seemingly irreconcilable interests of a seller, who refuses to part with his goods before he is paid, and a buyer, who wants to have control of his goods before paying. Letters of credit are employed by the parties desiring to enter into commercial transaction, mainly for the benefit of the parties to the original transaction. Accordingly, for purposes of reckoning when notice of loss or damage should be given to the carrier or its agent, the date of delivery to Universal Motors is controlling.

Recio vs. Aguedo, Altamarino

2014-05-09T22:17:00.000+08:00

Agency: Apparent Authority of an Agent based on Estoppel

Reman Recio, Petitioner, vs.

Heirs and the Spouses Aguedo and Maria Altamirano, Respondents.

G.R. No. 182349; July 24, 2013

Facts: Nena Recio, mother of Reman Recio leased from the Altamiranos a parcel of land with improvements. The Altamiranos inherited the subject land from their deceased parents, the spouses Aguedo Altamirano and Maria Vaduvia. The sale of the land to Nena Recio did not materialize. The Altamiranos consolidated the two parcels of land covered by the TCT and subdivided into 3 parcels of lands. Reman and his family remained in the peaceful possession of Lot 3. He renewed Nena’s option to buy the subject property. They conducted negotiations with Alejandro who introduced himself as representing the other heirs. After which, the Altamiranos through Alejandro entered into an oral contract of sale with the petitioner and made partial payments which Alejandro received. Then, the petitioner offered to pay the remaining balance, but Alejandro kept on avoiding the petitioner. Recio filed a case and while its pending, it was discovered that the property was sold to respondents Spouses Lajarca.

The RTC ruled that the Absolute Sale between Altamiranos and the Lajarcas was Null and Void, but the Court of Appeals modified that the sale between Alejandro and Recio is valid only with respect to the aliquot share of Alejandro. CA held that Alejandro’s sale of Not. No. 3 did not bind his co-owners because a sale of real property by one purporting to be an agent of the owner without any written authority from the latter is null and void. An SPA from co-owners pursuant to Art 1878 of the NCC is necessary.

Issue: Can the contract of sale between Alejandro (representing the share of his co-owners) and Recio be held valid pursuant to Apparent Authority of an Agent based on Estoppel?

Ruling: No. Woodchild Holdings, Inc. vs. Roxas Electric and Construction Company, Inc. stressed that apparent authority based on estoppel can rise from the principal who knowingly permit the agent with indicia of authority that would lead a reasonable prudent person to believe that he actually has such authority. Apparent authority of an agent arises only from acts or conducts on the part of the principal and such act or conduct of the principal must have been known and relied upon in good faith and as a result of the exercise of a reasonable prudence by a third person as claimant and such must have produced a change of position to its detriment. In this case, there was no evidence on record of specific acts which the Altamiranos made before the sale to the petitioner, indicating that they fully knew of the representation of Alejandro. All that the petitioner relied upon were acts that happened after the sale to him. Absent the consent of Alejandro’s co-owners, the Court held that the sale between the other Altamarinos and the petitioner was null and void.

Cases on: Agency, Easement, Public Domain

2014-05-09T22:08:00.000+08:00

Civil Law: Contract of Agency, Contract to Sell Real Properties

Sally Yoshizaki, Petitioner, vs. Joy Training Center of Aurora, Inc., Respondents

G.R. No. 174978; July 31, 2013

Facts: Richard and Linda Johnson were members of Joy Training’s Board of Trustees who sold the real properties, a wrangler jeep, and other personal properties in favor of the spouses Sally and Yoshio Yoshizaki. Joy Training filed an action for cancellation of sales alleging that the spouses Johnson is without the requisite authority from the Board of Directors. The RTC ruled in favor of the spouses Yoshizaki. It found that Joy Training owned the real properties and it authorized he spouses Johnson to sell the real properties. It recognized that there were only five actual members of the board of trustees; consequently, a majority of the board of trustees validly authorized the sale. It also ruled that the sale of personal properties was valid because they were registered in the spouses Johnson’s name. The CA upheld the RTC’s jurisdiction over the case but reversed its ruling with respect to the sale of real properties. It also ruled that the resolution is void because it was not approved by a majority of the board of trustees.

Issue: Was there a contract of agency to sell the real properties between Joy Training and the spouses Johnson?

Ruling: The SC ruled that there was no contract of agency between Joy Training and the spouses Johnson to sell the parcel of land with its improvements. Art. 1868 of the Civil Code defines a contract of agency as a contract whereby a person “binds himself to render some service or to do something in representation or on behalf of another, with the consent or authority of the latter.” It may be express, or implied from the acts of the principal, from his silence or lack of action, or his failure to repudiate the agency, knowing that another person is acting on his behalf without authority. In this case, the presented evidence did not convince the SC of the existence of the contract of agency to sell the real properties. The certification is a mere general power of attorney which comprises all of Joy training. Art. 1877 of CC clearly states that an agency couched in general terms comprises only acts of administration, even if the principal should state that he withholds no power or that the agent may execute such acts as he may authorize as general and unlimited management.

Civil Law: Eminent Domain, Easement, Right of Way

Spouses Jesus L. Cabahug and Coronacion M. Cabahug, Petitioners, vs.

National Power Corporation, Respondent

G.R. No. 186069; January 30, 2013

Facts: Spouses Cabahug, being owners of two parcels of land which were subjected to expropriation proceedings by the National Power Corporation (NPC). NPC electrical cables would be installed in the portions of the province and would traverse the land owned by the petitioners. Cabahug, in consideration of the easement fees, granted NPC a continuous easement right of way. Two years thereafter, Cabahug filed a complaint before RTC for payment of just compensation after having learned that the compensation given by NPC was very low compared to the appraisal made by the province of Leyte. RTC rendered decision in favor of Cabahug. However, at the Court of Appeals, it was ruled that vested right has already accrued in favour of NPC, and to allow spouses Cabahug to pursue the case would be a violation of the contract and an unjust enrichment in favour of Cabahug.

Issue: Whether or not NPC may still be held liable to pay for the full market value of the affected property despite the fact transfer of title thereto was not required by the easement.

Ruling: Yes. The power of Eminent Domain may be exercised although title is not transferred to the expropriator in easement of right of way. Just compensation which should be neither more nor less than the money equivalent of the property is, moreover, due where the nature and effect of the easement is to impose limitations against the use of the land for an indefinite period and deprive the landowner if ordinary use.

Civil Law: Property and Lease; Public Domain; Patrimonial Property

Dream Village Neighborhood Association Inc., Represented by its Incumbent President, Greg Seriego, Petitioner, vs. Bases Conversion Development Authority, Respondent

G.R. No. 192896, July 24, 2013

Facts: Dream Village, composed of more than 2,000 families have been occupying the disputed lot continuously, exclusively and notoriously since the year 1985. Said lot used to be a part of the Hacienda de Maricaban, which was subsequently purchased by the government of the United States of America (USA) and was converted to Fort William McKinley. Later on, USA transferred 30 hectares of it to the Manila Railroad Company, while the rest were still in the name of US Government. Finally, on December of 1956, the US government ceded Fort William McKinley to the Republic of the Philippines (RP) and was renamed Fort Bonifacio, reserved for military purposes. On January 1986, President Marcos Issued Proclamation No. 2476 declaring certain portions of Fort Bonifacio alienable and disposable, thus allowing sale to the settlers of home lots in Upper Bicutan, Lower Bicutan, Signal Village, and Western Bicutan. President Corazon Aquino on the other hand amended the proclamation of Pres. Marcos and limited the lots which were open for disposition. On March of 1992, the Bases conversion and Development Authority (BCDA) was created to oversee and accelerate the conversion of Clark and Military Reservations to productive civilian uses, which then authorized the President of the Philippines to sell the lands covered in whole or in part, specifically to raise capital for the BCDA. BCDA asserted its title to Dream Village owing to the fact that BCDA’s titles over Fort Bonifacio are valid and commercially valuable to the agency, however, due to the passage of time, was contended to have been abandoned to Dream Village, and that BCDA’s right over it has already prescribed.

Issue: Whether the area occupied by Dream Village is susceptible of acquisition by prescription.

Ruling: No. Property of the State or any of its subdivisions not patrimonial in character shall not be the object of prescription (Art.1113, NCC). Also, under Article 422 of the Civil Code, public domain lands become patrimonial property only if there is a declaration that these are alienable or disposable, together with an express government manifestation that the property is already patrimonial or no longer retained for public service or the development of national wealth. Only when the property has become patrimonial can the prescriptive period for the acquisition of property of the public dominion begin to run. It is also stipulated under PD 1529 that before the acquisitive prescription can commence, the property must expressly declared by the State that it is no longer intended for public service or the development of national wealth, and that absent such express declaration, the land remains to be property of public dominion. Subsequent proclamations over vast portions of Maricaban exempted the lot where Dream Village was situated from being open for disposition, thus Fort Bonifacio remains a property of public Dominion of the State because although declared alienable and disposable, it is reserved for some public service or development of national wealth, and thus, the acquisitive prescription asserted by Dream Village has not even begun to run. Thus, the area occupied by Dream Village is still not susceptible of acquisition by prescription.

Dela Cruz vs. Dela Cruz

2014-05-09T16:45:00.000+08:00

[Civil Law: Property and Lease, Partition of an Immovable Property]

Isabelo C. Dela Cruz, Petitioner, vs. Lucilla C. Dela Cruz, Respondent

G.R NO. 192383; December 4, 2013

Facts: Petitioner Isabelo Dela Cruz and his sisters/respondents Lucila and Cornelia were co-owners of a 240-square meter land in Las Pinas which they bought on installment from Gatchalian Realty, Inc. Isabelo and Cornelia paid for the down payment and religiously paid for the monthly amortizations.

Upon Lucia’s plea to help out a financially distressed cousin (Corazon), the siblings agreed to make use of the lot as collateral and security for a loan from the Philippine Veterans Bank. In order to make this possible, Lucia paid the P8,000 outstanding balance to Gatchalian Realty and had the deed of title registered in her name. The title was then mortgaged for Corazon’s benefit. However, Corazon was not able to pay for the loan and the mortgaged lot was then foreclosed by the bank. The foreclosed lot was however redeemed by Lucia.

In 2002, Lucila executed an affidavit of waiver relinquishing all her share, interest and participation to her brother Isabelo and her niece Emelinda. Isabelo then filed an action for partition seeking the segregation of his portion of said lot and the corresponding title in his name. This action was, however, contested by Lucila claiming that the waiver she executed ceding ownership of her share to Isabelo was subject to a condition that their family problems would be resolved. She claims that this condition did not happen and that she had every right to revoke the waiver. This was made evident by the revocation she made through an affidavit dated September 24, 2004. The RTC ruled in favor of Lucia and this was affirmed by the CA.

Issue: Whether or not the CA erred in ruling that Lucila’s cession of the property through waiver did not have the effect of making Isabelo part owner thereof.

Ruling: In deciding this case, the SC considered the wordings used by Lucila in her waiver. The court noted that the phrase used “ To put everything in order, I hereby waive all my share, interest and participation…” means that the intention of Lucila was to waive her right to the property, irreversibly divesting herself of her existing right to it. It disagreed with the lower court’s interpretation that such wordings intends a precondition of waiver for if such was the intent, the phrase containing words such as “ subject to the condition that everything is put in order” would have been used. Therefore, the SC ruled that the affidavit of waiver executed by Lucila makes Isabelo and Emelinda co-owners of the waived share of Lucila. Isabelo then has the right to demand partition.

Ardiente vs. Javier, et al

2014-05-09T16:20:00.000+08:00

[Civil Law: human relations; principle of abuse of rights; Article 19 of the Civil Code]

Every person must, in the exercise of his right, and in the performance of his duties, act with justice, give everyone his due, and observe honesty and good faith. (Art. 19. New Ciivil Code of the Philippines)

Joyce V. Ardiente, Petitioner, vs. Sps. Javier and Ma. Theresa Pastorfide, Cagayan de Oro Water District and Gaspar Gonzales, Jr., Respondents

G.R. No. 161921; July 17, 2013

Facts: A petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court seeking to set aside the Decision and Resolution of the Court of Appeals which affirmed the then decision of the RTC regarding its judgment sums of money for moral damages, exemplary damages and attorney’s fees. The decision being contested sprouted from the cutting off of water supply of Pastorfide by the Cagayan de Oro Water District as requested by Ardiente. In this case, Ardiente owned a piece of property, which was subsequently sold and conveyed to Pastorfide, however, the connection of water supply as well as other utilities remained in the name of Ardiente which was never questioned, until such time that Pastorfide became delinquent in paying the water bill.

Issue: Whether or not it was proper for Ardiente together with Cagayan De Oro Water district to cut off the water supply of Pastorfide owing to the fact that Ardiente has already conveyed ownership of property to Pastorfide.

Ruling: No, it was not proper. Petitioner's acts which violated the abovementioned provisions of law is her unjustifiable act of having the respondent spouses' water supply disconnected, coupled with her failure to warn or at least notify respondent spouses of such intention. The principle of abuse of Rights in the enshrined Article 19 of the civil Code provides that every person must, in the exercise of his rights and in the performance of his duties, act with justice, give everyone his due, and observe honesty and good faith. It recognizes a primordial limitation on all rights; that in their exercise, the norms of human conduct set forth in Article 19 must be observed. A right, though by itself legal because recognized or granted by law as such, may nevertheless become the source of some illegality. When a right is exercised in a manner which does not conform with the norms enshrined in Article 19 and results in damage to another, a legal wrong is thereby committed for which the wrongdoer must be held responsible.

Zuellig Freight vs. NLRC

2014-05-09T16:12:00.000+08:00

[Civil Law: when are attorney’s fees recoverable]

Zuellig Freight and Cargo Systems,

vs.

National Labor Relations Commission and Ronaldo V. San Miguel

G.R. No. 157900; July 22, 2013

Facts: This is a petition appealing the decision of CA, whereby it dismissed its petition for certiorari and upheld the adverse decision of the NLRC finding San Miguel to have been illegally dismissed. San Miguel, employed as checker/custom representative, brought a complaint for unfair labor practice, illegal dismissal, non-payment of salaries and moral damages against petitioner, formerly known as Zeta Brokerage Corporation (Zeta). He contended that amendments of the articles of incorporation of Zeta were for the purpose of changing the corporate name, broadening the primary functions, and increasing the capital stock; and that such amendments could not mean that Zeta had been thereby dissolved. Petitioner countered that San Miguel’s termination from Zeta had been for a cause authorized by the Labor Code; that its non-acceptance of him had not been by any means irregular or discriminatory; that its predecessor-in-interest had complied with the requirements for termination due to the cessation of business operations and that it had no obligation to employ San Miguel in the exercise of its valid management prerogative.

NLRC and CA rendered its decision holding San Miguel to have been illegally dismissed ordering Zuellig to pay San Miguel his back wages and Attorney’s fees equivalent to ten percent (10%) of the total award.

Issue: Whether or not the awarding of attorney’s fees had basis in fact and in law.

Ruling: Yes, the court upheld the CA, NLRC and Labor Arbiter unanimous decision, where the amendments of the articles of incorporation of Zeta to change the corporate name to Zuellig Freight and Cargo Systems, Inc. did not produce the dissolution of the former as a corporation, therefore not giving them the license to terminate employees without just or authorized cause and considering that that San Miguel had been compelled to litigate and to incur expenses to protect his rights and interest entitles him to recover attorney’s fees.

In Producers Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals,the Court ruled that attorney’s fees could be awarded to a party whom an unjustified act of the other party compelled to litigate or to incur expenses to protect his interest.

Dacudao vs. DOJ

2014-05-09T16:00:00.000+08:00

[Civil Law: Effectivity of laws; general rule: no retroactive effect; exception: when law is procedural in nature]

Spouses Augusto G. Dacudao and Ofelia R. Dacudao, Petitioners, vs. Secretary of Justice Raul M. Gonzales of the Department of Justice, Respondent

G.R. No. 188056; January 8, 2013

Facts: The petitioners filed a case of syndicated estafa against Celso Delos Angeles and his associates after the petitioners were defrauded in a business venture. Thereafter, the DOJ Secretary issued Department Order 182 which directs all prosecutors in the country to forward all cases already filed against Celso Delos Angeles, Jr. and his associates to the secretariat of DOJ in Manila for appropriate action. However, in a separate order which is Memorandum dated March 2009, it was said that cases already filed against Celso Delos Angeles et. al of the Legacy Group of Companies in Cagayan De Oro City need not be sent anymore to the Secretariat of DOJ in Manila. Because of such DOJ orders, the complaint of petitioners was forwarded to the secretariat of the Special Panel of the DOJ in Manila. Aggrieved, Spouses Dacudao filed this petition for certiorari, prohibition and mandamus assailing to the respondent Secretary of justice grave abuse of discretion in issuing the department Order and the Memorandum, which according to the violated their right to due process, right to equal protection of the law and right to speedy disposition of the cases. The petitioners opined that orders were unconstitutional or exempting from coverage cases already filed and pending at the Prosecutor’s Office of Cagayan De Oro City. They contended that the assailed issuances should cover only future cases against Delos Angeles, Jr., et al, not those already being investigated. They maintained that DO 182 was issued in violation of the prohibition against passing laws with retroactive effect.

Issue: Whether or not the assailed issuances can be given retroactive effect.

Ruling: Yes. As a general rule, laws shall have no retroactive effect. However, exceptions exist, and one such exception concerns a law that is procedural in nature. The reason is that a remedial statute or a statute relating to remedies or modes of procedure does not create new rights or take away vested rights but operates only in furtherance of the remedy or the confirmation already existing rights. The retroactive application is not violative of any right of a person who may feel adversely affected, for, no vested right generally attaches to or arises from procedural law.

Republic vs. Encelan

2014-05-09T15:52:00.001+08:00

[Civil Law: marriage; psychological incapacity]

Republic of the Philippines, Petitioner vs. Cesar Encelan, Respondent

G.R. No. 170022; January 09, 2013

Facts: Cesar Married Lolita, and they had two children. To support the family, Cesar went abroad and worked as an OFW in Saudi Arabia. After two years of working abroad, Cesar learned that Lolita is having an illicit affair with Alvin Perez, and thereafter, left the conjugal dwelling together with the two children. But even with such circumstances, Cesar never failed to send financial support for the family. On June 1995, Cesar filed a petition against Lolita for the declaration of the nullity of his marriage based on Lolita’s psychological incapacity. Cesar, during a hearing even presented a psychological evaluation report on Lolita with the finding that “Lolita was not suffering from any form of psychiatric illness, but had been unable to provide the expectations expected of her for a good and lasting marital relationship.... and her transferring from one job to another depicts some interpersonal problem with co-workers as well as her impatience in attaining her ambitions .... and her refusal to go with her husband abroad signifies her reluctance to work out a good marital and family relationship...” Cesar found ally in RTC as it gave him a favourable decision which declared his marriage to Lolita null and void. The court of Appeals also affirmed the decision of RTC, and thereafter, the case was elevated to the Supreme Court, thus, this case.

Issue: Whether or not psychological incapacity is indeed present in the person of Lolita as to nullify a valid marriage.

Ruling: No. Marriage is an inviolable social institution protected by the State and any doubt should be resolved in favour of its existence and continuation against its dissolution and nullity. In this case, sexual infidelity and abandonment of the conjugal dwelling do not necessarily constitute psychological incapacity; these are simply grounds for legal separation. To constitute psychological incapacity, it must be shown that the unfaithfulness and abandonment are manifestations of a disordered personality that actually prevented the erring spouse from discharging the essential marital obligations, which the court found not present in the person of Lolita.

Cacayorin vs. AFPMBAI

2014-05-09T15:46:00.000+08:00

[Civil Law: Obligations and Contracts; consignation; judicial in character]

Spouses Oscar and Thelma Cacayorin, Petitioners, vs.

Armed Forces and Police Mutual Benefit Association, Inc. (AFPMBAI), Respondent.

G.R. No. 171298; April 15, 2013

Facts: Oscar Cacayorin filed an application with AFPMBAI to purchase a property which the latter owned through a loan facility. Oscar and his wife, Thelma, and the Rural Bank of San Teodoro executed a Loan and Mortgage Agreement with the former as borrowers and the Rural Bank as lender, under the auspices of PAG-IBIG. On the basis of the Rural Bank's letter of guaranty, AFPMBAI executed in petitioners' favor a Deed of Absolute Sale, and a new title was issued in their name. Then, the PAG-IBIG loan facility did not push through and the Rural Bank closed. Meanwhile, AFPMBAI somehow was able to take possession of petitioners' loan documents and the TCT, while petitioners were unable to pay the loan for the property. AFPMBAI made written demands for petitioners to pay the loan for the property. Then, petitioners filed with the RTC a complaint for consignation of loan payment, recovery of title and cancellation of mortgage annotation against AFPMBAI, PDIC and the Register of Deeds of Puerto Princesa City. AFPMBAI filed a motion to dismiss claiming that petitioners' Complaint falls within the jurisdiction of the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB), as it was filed by petitioners in their capacity as buyers of a subdivision lot and it prays for specific performance of contractual and legal obligations decreed under Presidential Decree No. 957(PD 957). It added that since no prior valid tender of payment was made by petitioners, the consignation case was fatally defective and susceptible to dismissal.

Issue: Whether or not the case falls within the exclusive jurisdiction of the HLURB.

Ruling: No. Unlike tender of payment which is extrajudicial, consignation is necessarily judicial; hence, jurisdiction lies with the RTC, not with the HLURB. Under Article 1256 of the Civil Code, the debtor shall be released from responsibility by the consignation of the thing or sum due, without need of prior tender of payment, when the creditor is absent or unknown, or when he is incapacitated to receive the payment at the time it is due, or when two or more persons claim the same right to collect, or when the title to the obligation has been lost. The said provision clearly precludes consignation in venues other than the courts.

Nameal, Bonrostro vs. Luna

2014-05-08T17:03:00.001+08:00

[Civil Law: Obligation; consignation; judicial in character]

Spouses Nameal and Lourdes Bonrostro, Petitioners,

vs.

Spouses Juan and Constancia Luna, Respondents.

G.R. No. 172346, July 24, 2013

Facts: Constancia Luna, as buyer, entered into a contract to sell with Bliss Development Corporation involving a house located in Quezon City. A year after, Luna sold it to Lourdes Bonrostro under the ff. terms:

The stipulated price of P1,250,000.00 shall be paid by the VENDEE to the VENDOR in the following manner:
(a) P200,000.00 upon signing x x x [the] Contract To Sell,
(b) P300,000.00 payable on or before April 30, 1993,
(c) P330,000.00 payable on or before July 31, 1993,
(d) P417,000.00 payable to the New Capitol Estate, for 15 years at [P6,867.12] a month,

x x x [I]n the event the VENDEE fails to pay the second installment on time, [t]he VENDEE will pay starting May 1, 1993 a 2% interest on the P300,000.00 monthly. Likewise, in the event the VENDEE fails to pay the amount of P630,000.00 on the stipulated time, this CONTRACT TO SELL shall likewise be deemed cancelled and rescinded and x x x 5% of the total contract price [of] P1,250,000.00 shall be deemed forfeited in favor of the VENDOR. Unpaid monthly amortization shall likewise be deducted from the initial down payment in favor of the VENDOR. After execution of the contract, Bonrostro took possession of the property. However, except for P200,000.00 downpayment, she failed to pay subsequent amortization. Luna then filed before the RTC a Complaintfor Rescission of Contract and Damages. This is a petition for review on certiorari assailing the decision of CA affirming with modification the decision of RTC in favor herein respondents.

Issue: Whether or not delay in the payment of installment is a substantial breach of obligation as to warrant its rescission.

Ruling: No, in a contract to sell, payment of the price is a positive suspensive condition. Failure of which is not a breach of contract warranting rescission under Article 1191 of the Civil Code, but rather just an event that prevents the supposed seller from being bound to convey title to the supposed buyer. The contract to sell entered by the parties refers to real property on installment basis, in which Art. 1191 cannot apply since they are governed by the Maceda Law. However, there being no breach, Bonrostro is still not excused from being made liable for interest on the installments due from the date of default until fully paid. Tender of payment, a manifestation by the debtor of a desire to comply with or pay an obligation, asserted by Bonrostro for the accrual of interest to be suspended is not a valid defense because for a tender of payment to take effect it must be accompanied by the means of payment and debtor must take immediate step to make a consignation, the deposit of the proper amount with a judicial authority, then interest is suspended from the time of such tender.

Sandoval Shipyards vs. Philippine Merchant Marine Academy

2014-05-08T16:59:00.002+08:00

[Civil Law: Obligations and Contract; Rescission]

Sandoval Shipyards, Inc., Petitioner, vs.

Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA), Respondent

GR No. 188633, April 10, 2013

Facts: The PMMA entered into Ship Building Contract with Sandoval Shipyards, Inc. with the latter obliging itself to construct two units of lifeboats to be used by the students of PMMA for training. The parties agreed on the specifications of the boats, the date of delivery and the amount of payment as stated in the contract. However, upon inspection by the PMMA, it found that the construction being done by the petitioner was not in conformity with the approved plan. Because of this, respondent’s dean submitted a report and recommendation for ratification of the contract to its President. A meeting was held in order to settle the issue. Sandoval asked for extension of the time of delivery of the lifeboats which was granted by PMMA. However, Sandoval was not able to comply with the agreed specifications for the boats and the agreed time of delivery despite repeated demands from PMMA. As a result, PMMA filed a Complaint for Rescission of Contract with damages against the petitioners.

The RTC held that although the caption for the complaint filed by PMMA was for Rescission for Contract, the allegations in the body were for breach of contract. Thus, the respondents were made jointly and severally liable for actual damages plus attorney’s fees plus cost of suits. The petitioners appealed the case to the CA where it found that indeed the petitioners committed a clear substantial breach of contract which warranted its rescission. However, since rescission requires mutual restoration of benefits received, the respondents cannot be compelled to return what it does not possess - the lifeboats which the petitioners failed to deliver. A motion for reconsideration was filed by the petitioners but was denied by the CA hence the petition for certiorari filed under rule 45.

Issue: Whether or not the case is for rescission and not for damages due to breach of contract.

Ruling: No, the case is for damages due to breach of contract. It held that the RTC was correct in determining whether there was a breach of contract and if such breach would warrant rescission and or damages. In this case, it found that the breach was found to be substantial and sufficient to warrant a rescission of the contract. However, since rescission entails a mutual restitution of benefits received and the factual circumstances rendered this mutual restitution impossible, an injured party who has chosen rescission is also entitled to the payment of damages.

Coverage of Real Estate Mortgage Law

2014-04-24T10:40:00.000+08:00

What is covered under the real estate mortgage law?

Section 1 of Act No. 3135 – AN ACT TO REGULATE THE SALE OF PROPERTY UNDER SPECIAL POWERS INSERTED IN OR ANNEXED TO REAL-ESTATE MORTGAGES, provides:

“When a sale is made under a special power inserted in or attached to any real-estate mortgage hereafter made as security for the payment of money or the fulfillment of any other obligation, the provisions of the following election shall govern as to the manner in which the sale and redemption shall be effected, whether or not provision for the same is made in the power.”

This covers sales with a special authority annexed to a mortgage involving real estate as a security for the payment or obligation. Notwithstanding the presence or absence of any provision for sale and redemption, the law shall be controlling as to how the sale and redemption shall be made or effected. The intendment of the law is the regulation of the sale made extra-judicially and how the property may be redeemed in instances wherein the mortgagee was vested special or expressed authority for such.

2013 Bar Exam Results

2014-03-18T15:38:00.000+08:00

The Supreme Court released today, March 18, 2014 the result of the 2013 Bar Examinations. 1,174 out of 5,292 examinees passed.

Congratulations!

1. ABAD, Anna Fe L
2. ABAD, Katrina Nessa M
3. ABAD, Philip L
4. ABALOS, Mermalyn Hannah C
5. ABANDO, Laura Jean L
6. ABARENTOS, April Wye M
7. ABELLA, Fritzie D
8. ABENOJA, Hazel Angeline Q
9. ABLAN, Ronie T
10. ABLOG, Maychelle S
11. ABRAGAN, John Bryan S
12. ABRENICA, Reyben B
13. ACAY, Jodea Brendalyn R
14. ACEBU, Carlos D
15. ACEVEDA, Arlene C
16. ACHA, Mae Ann S
17. ADAO, Ma. Alice E
18. ADARNA, Ernest G
19. ADRID, Michael Angelo D
20. ADUNA, Fritzie Jane A
21. ADVINCULA, Paula Elize A
22. AFAGA, Johnber B
23. AGOCOY, Joycie M
24. AGRA, Joel C
25. AGUILA, Erasto Miguel D
26. AGUSTIN, Redentor M
27. ALAMPAY, Beatrice S
28. ALAO, Lemeregin S
29. ALBAN, Norlee C
30. ALBANO, Errol L
31. ALBARECE, Rhona B
32. ALBAÑA, Angeli P
33. ALBERTO, Julianne S
34. ALCALA, Marijo V
35. ALCANTARA, Nequito Alejandro B
36. ALCARAZ, Jesse S
37. ALCORDO, Nikki T
38. ALDANA, Daryl C
39. ALEGADO-REBADULLA, Mary Rose B
40. ALFONSO, Krissel E
41. ALI, Michael Mito-on J
42. ALIH, Abdel Aziz T
43. ALMORA, Aileen T
44. ALONZO, Jason L
45. ALONZO, Randolph F
46. ALTEZ, Czarina May C
47. ALTONAGA, Vedalyn M
48. ALVARADO, Sarita G
49. AMBATALI, Eliezer P
50. AMBRONA, Venus B
51. AMOR, Maria Auxilliadora Libertine C
52. AMPATUAN, Bai Saudia Shahara B
53. ANACAN, Realyn R
54. ANANORIA, Catherine A
55. ANARNA, Alston Kevin A
56. ANBOCHI, Francesco Benzon P
57. ANCHETA, Aster Mae A
58. ANDES, Jay M
59. ANG, Hannah Stephanie Y
60. ANG, Jennelyn Charme M
61. ANG, Nathalie S
62. ANGA-ANGAN, Mary Grace D
63. ANGANGCO, Bernadette Marie G
64. ANGELES, Darwin P
65. ANGELES, Diana Rose M
66. ANGLUBEN, Van Homer M
67. ANTENERO, Vicvie D
68. ANTEOLA, Garizaldy H
69. ANTONIO, Angela A
70. ANTONIO, Laila R
71. ANTONIO, Regatta Marie A
72. APADA, Jemar B
73. APDUA, Arnold A
74. APOSTOL, Kristienne O
75. AQUINO, Lex T
76. AQUINO, Terese Ray Anne O
77. AQUINO, III, Amado P
78. ARAGONES, Christine Marie D
79. ARANAS, David Anthony B
80. ARANETA, Yasmin Therese P
81. ARAVILLA, Jose Felipe P
82. ARAÑA, Roel B
83. ARAÑEZ, Charo P
84. ARCE, IV, Marcelino C
85. ARDINA, Sheena Lorraine O
86. ARELLANO, Zoraida P
87. ARENAS, Dianne Katrine S
88. ARNESTO, Cyril G
89. ARRIOLA, Ethel Joy F
90. ASONG, J.p. Leo F
91. ASTURIAS, Jose Manuel V
92. ASUNCION, Archie Edsel C
93. ATIENZA, Leandro Rodel V
94. ATILANO, Patrick Jason P
95. ATIS, Jainito-roi C
96. AURE, Lelila G
97. AUSTRIA, Ramil G
98. AVELINO, Ma. Vanni Fe C
99. AVESTRUZ, Kirk D
100. AXALAN, Mikko Angela C
101. AYCO, Karina Kirstie Paola R
102. AZIS, Anisah C
103. BACAL, Christie Joy G
104. BACANGAN, Almary A
105. BACOMO, Devie J
106. BADI, Carla Mae E
107. BADILLES, Cielo Maris S
108. BAGA, Noel M
109. BAGO, Horace J
110. BAGUISI, Alain B
111. BAHJIN, Tishreen I
112. BAJAO, Hannahbee Grace R
113. BALA, Carlo D
114. BALAHADIA, Jesa Anne Carla E
115. BALAMBAN, Keith Wally Y
116. BALANI, Roshni V
117. BALAO, Bernadette Faustine C
118. BALAQUIAO, Eleanor N
119. BALBOA, Jasper C
120. BALDOS, Jennifer C
121. BALIAT, Aurea Belen P
122. BALICOCO, Waynie Mae P
123. BALIGOD, Maria Nadine Concepcion V
124. BALINO, Kristy Jane M
125. BALLEBER, JR., Alfredo L
126. BALTERO, Kenneth Brian D
127. BANZON, Mark Lawrence V
128. BANZUELA, Analyn F
129. BAQUIRAN-LASAM, Czaren L
130. BARAOIDAN, Kimberly Joy L
131. BARATA, Edmund N
132. BARBA, Diana Gay T
133. BARRIENTOS, Carlo Gerard DC
134. BARRIENTOS, Michael Oliver P
135. BARTOLOME, Jemimah Estelle T
136. BARUC, Ace Daryl D
137. BASCO, Shayne Anne R
138. BASCON, Dexter George P
139. BASCUÑA, Ross Raphael T
140. BATALLA, Christian Jesse G
141. BATIMANA, Joanness S
142. BATTAD, Geoanne Christi D
143. BAUL, Magher S
144. BAUTISTA, Alvin A
145. BAUTISTA, Jonathan Allen S
146. BAUTISTA, Manilyn R
147. BAUTISTA, Maria Francesca V
148. BAUTISTA, Vera Marie H
149. BAYALAN, Alfierri E
150. BAYAN, Nerissa Q
151. BAYANI, Madeleine F
152. BAYNOSA, Freddie Ii H
153. BEADO, JR., Antonio B
154. BEDAR, Hanifah D
155. BEJAR, Kristel Ann-marie A
156. BELDEROL, Katleya Kate M
157. BELEN, Genevieve D
158. BELLO, Maria Remedios L
159. BELLOSILLO, Nikki Magdalene A
160. BELTRAN, Richard Henrick I
161. BENTREZ-BANCILO, Joshelle Ruth C
162. BERGONIA, Sherly Ann R
163. BERNABE, Jebert Benedict J
164. BERNARDINO, Antonio Jose P
165. BERNARDINO, Crisela L
166. BISANG, Juliett Isabel P
167. BLACK, Dominique Deborah D
168. BLASCO, Leana Mae M
169. BLEZA, Maria Keala Mae M
170. BOISER, Marisol M
171. BOJA, Marilda J
172. BOLANDO, Reagan A
173. BOLANIO, Jesrel E
174. BOLIVAR, Joy B
175. BOLLER, Jian Paulo P
176. BOLOS, Marie Nickie H
177. BONILLA, JR., Wilfredo T
178. BONO, Camille E
179. BONOAN, April Jade A
180. BORIGAS, Mickel M
181. BORRACHO, Merachelle R
182. BORRES, Kristoffer Alexis N
183. BRAÑA, Arleigh Joyce A
184. BRILLANTES, Francis James G
185. BRIONES, Jan Derric P
186. BUADO, Maria Edsie V
187. BUCOY, Julio Cristo PG
188. BUENAVENTURA, Kenneth A
189. BUGTAS, Chika E
190. BULIYAT-BENCIO, Celeste Roxanne
191. BUNAG, Jan Nicklaus S
192. BUNANIG-ODON, Kathryn Joy I
193. BUSANGILAN, Mira Ciele S
194. BUSTAMANTE, Blesie May P
195. CABAHUG, Christian Marko D
196. CABALUNA, Sedfrey L
197. CABANILLA, Ana Flouressa Y
198. CABATU, JR., Rodolfo S
199. CABRAL, Arthur Jake E
200. CABUNGCAL, Ana Pamela G
201. CABURNAY, Arjane V
202. CADAG, Ma. Carmen A
203. CAGAMPAN, Joyce Anne O
204. CAINDAY, Kathlyn Jane B
205. CALABOCAL, Erickson L
206. CALDERON, Alex D
207. CALDERON, Francesca Isabelle G
208. CALDERON, Ma. Sherlyn D
209. CALIMBAS, Monica D
210. CAMARILLO, Robert August C
211. CANAPI, Cheryl P
212. CANCINO, Krisyl M
213. CANTO, Frances Ianna S
214. CANTOS, Cathrine P
215. CAPACIO, Jane Angel V
216. CAPACIO-LIRIO, Denise Fe R
217. CAPILI, Van Joseph F
218. CAPIRAL, Joshua Paul C
219. CAPUNGCOL, Edelyn L
220. CAPUNO, Maria Evangeline B
221. CARBONELL, Wilfred M
222. CARCEDO, Harvey L
223. CARDENAS, Mark Lester D
224. CARPIO, Peter Lloyd D
225. CARPIO, Phillip Nelson F
226. CARRASCO, Margeline T
227. CASARES, Madonna Lyn E
228. CASAS, Neil Jason T
229. CASIMIRO, Gizela Grace D
230. CASIMIRO, Lara Mae D
231. CASIPIT, Marq Jonathan C
232. CASIPONG, Alfred S
233. CASPE, Lourdes Anifel B
234. CASTAÑEDA, Harmon V
235. CASTAÑEDA, Kimberly L
236. CASTILLO, Cherry Mae M
237. CASTILLO, David Anastacio G
238. CASTILLO, Jether Jireh A
239. CASTILLO, Norberto V
240. CASTILLO, JR., Cenon C
241. CASTILLON, David F
242. CASTOLO, Camille Maria L
243. CASTRO, Alexandra C
244. CASTRO, Jose Julius R
245. CASTRO, Josefa Gertrudis D
246. CASTRO, Patricia Marie Frances D
247. CATABONA, Mark Arthur M
248. CAYETANO, Jeanelyn D
249. CAYETANO, Karen R
250. CAYETANO-ABDUHALIM, Revelyn C
251. CAÑAZARES-MINDALANO, Annabelle B
252. CAÑETE, Charnem B
253. CEBRIAN, Kristian Oliver P
254. CELDRAN, Leo Mario C
255. CELESTINO, Mark Brian R
256. CEREZO, Arianne Y
257. CERVANIA, Krystle K
258. CHATTO, II, Efren Dominique M
259. CHAVEZ, Anna Fatima R
260. CHAVEZ, Margarita Luisa F
261. CHIL-ANG, Marichu C
262. CHING, Cherry Christine S
263. CHIO, Judy-mae G
264. CHIONG, Kester Orville T
265. CHUA, Antonio Francis G
266. CHUA, Christine Jean O
267. CHUA, Jingle L
268. CHUA, Jordan Mae T
269. CIMAGALA, Alexis N
270. COLES, Nat King C
271. COLOBONG, Moises Ronette C
272. COLOMA, John Patrick S
273. COMPUESTO, Jiselle B
274. COMSTI, Gianna Maria C
275. CONCHA, Kathleen Kaye G
276. CONCHA, Kristoffer Francis Jacob C
277. CONDEZA, Ernel C
278. CONGSON, Blessy Marie Angela C
279. CONTI, Maria Kristina C
280. CORALDE, Maria Aimer A
281. COROLLO, Graziella D
282. CORONACION, Maricel C
283. CORONEL, Jerome I
284. CORPUZ, Habeas M
285. CORPUZ, Mercy C
286. CORTEZ, Ailyn L
287. CORTINA, Anezka Danett G
288. CORTON, Gerald Peter P
289. CORUÑA, II, Isagani C
290. CRESPO, Joseph Kahlil P
291. CRISOLOGO, Frederick William D
292. CRISOLOGO, Nico Carlo M
293. CRUZ, Dan Joseph T
294. CRUZ, Dandy L
295. CRUZ, Esther Rhoda S
296. CRUZ, Michael Joseph D
297. CRUZ, II, Benjamin Jeremias B
298. CRUZ-CAÑETE, Jill Cindy L
299. CU, Roxanne F
300. CUE, Katrina Ayn Ayza F
301. CUREG, Ryan P
302. CUSI, Erika Estel G
303. CUSTODIO, James Corwin S
304. DABA, Robert James T
305. DABALOS, Nerissa Ann P
306. DABAO, JR., Philip Gerard P
307. DACULUG, Roque D
308. DADIVAS, Christine P
309. DADULLA, JR., Ramon J
310. DAGALANGIT, Rahabansa L
311. DAMASCO, Fidela S
312. DAMASING, Glenn D
313. DASAYON, Climark D
314. DAVID, Kristin Kay S
315. DAVID, Manuel Jeffrey N
316. DAVID, Patricia S
317. DE CASTRO, Diana Jean C
318. DE GUZMAN, Elaine P
319. DE GUZMAN, Francis Ron C
320. DE GUZMAN, Gabriel Paolo L
321. DE GUZMAN, Jhoanna Mariekar V
322. DE JESUS, Gianna Corrine D
323. DE JESUS, Joeben T
324. DE JESUS, Joseph Georg Michael D
325. DE LA CRUZ, Clarisse Ann Marie M
326. DE LA CRUZ, Maria Cecilia A
327. DE LA CRUZ, Rosella Jan G
328. DE LA PAZ, Lauren Anne M
329. DE LEON, Jose Miguel B
330. DE LOS SANTOS, Dave Bernar L
331. DE MESA, Jena Christine E
332. DE PAZ, Marvin Lester N
333. DE RIVERA, Kristienne Kamille E
334. DE TORRES, Marcella Alita D
335. DE VERA, Elaine L
336. DE VERA, Ina Beatriz R
337. DE VILLA, Macario M
338. DE ZUZUARREGUI, Anthony R
339. DECLARO, Ruth Agnes D
340. DEDALA, Francis Ysmael M
341. DEJARESCO, Antonio Marlon Eric I
342. DEL ROSARIO, Dan Mitchel C
343. DEL ROSARIO, Jaime P
344. DEL ROSARIO, Margarita Isidora S
345. DEL ROSARIO, Maureen Grace J
346. DELA CRUZ, Alexis Ian P
347. DELA CRUZ, Catherine G
348. DELA CRUZ, Keefe Eldrik A
349. DELA CRUZ, Marie Angeli V
350. DELA CRUZ, Maureen G
351. DELA PASION, John Paul A
352. DELA ROSA, Catherine D
353. DELA TORRE, Ivy Lou S
354. DELEÑA, Ma. Blesilda B
355. DELIMA, Josie W
356. DELIS, Ma. Phoebe G
357. DELORINO, Rene A
358. DELOS REYES, Roxanne Katrin M
359. DELOS SANTOS, Sherwin R
360. DENATE, Martin Crisostomo Q
361. DIASANTA, Mel Jun A
362. DIAZ, Magelli Anne DL
363. DIAZ, Rona April D
364. DICHOSO, Joseph M
365. DINIAY, JR., Dionisio C
366. DINOY, Keel Achernar R
367. DIOQUINO, Arwin F
368. DIWAS, Kristofferson D
369. DIWAS, Rhenan G
370. DIÑOZO, Ramona R
371. DOCTOR, Erwin Jake C
372. DOCTOR, Maan Vanessa L
373. DOMINGO, James Cristopher D
374. DOMINGO, Miguel B
375. DONSOL, Ma. Carolina P
376. DOROTAN, Maria Gabriela C
377. DOYAOEN, Annette L
378. DUEÑAS, Joan Roshen M
379. DULAWAN, Vivian M
380. DULNUAN, Ruby Anne L
381. DUMAGAN, Menchie V
382. DUMALAG-BORONG, Jennife DP
383. DUMLAO, Rhondee E
384. DUQUE, Bernice Michelle N
385. DUROPAN, Ramie Felmon P
386. DY, Diana C
387. DY, Eli Daryl S
388. EBREO, Alvin H
389. ECHAUS, Adrian Jude G
390. EDRADA, Andrew Ian P
391. ELEAZAR, Jonna Lou A
392. ELMAN, Jenika H
393. EMBAY, Christine Grace P
394. EMPALMADO-LIMBARO, Gwendolyn R
395. ENAD, Ann Marie M
396. ENAD, Wendel M
397. ENARIO-VIDALLON, Vivian C
398. ENRILE, II, William R
399. ENRIQUEZ, Rowena S
400. ENTERINA, Ian M
401. ESCOLANO, Richard Dale V
402. ESCOTO, Sharon R
403. ESCUETA, Hana Kamille A
404. ESPANILLO, JR., Domingo M
405. ESPENILLA, Mark Anthony G
406. ESPERAS, Erika Mariz V
407. ESPINA, Hazel D
408. ESPINO, Donato V
409. ESPINO, Ric James G
410. ESTACIO, Zachary J
411. ESTEMBER, Philip Louie H
412. ESTERNON, Karen Jenny E
413. ESTOPERES, Mary Antonette A
414. ESTRELLA, Maricor D
415. EUGENIO, Rodelyn Gay G
416. EUROPA, Rose Celine R
417. EVANGELISTA, Jose Paolo M
418. EXIOMO, Jeffrey P
419. EXTRA, Sheyna Marie M
420. EZPELETA, Candy U
421. FABELLA, Joanne Marie C
422. FABRIGAS, Delfin, Jr. S
423. FABRO, Howard B
424. FAJARDO, Diana S
425. FAJARDO-ONG, Alma D
426. FANTILANAN, Jahziel P
427. FELONGCO, Emerson J
428. FERAREN, Fermin Maylene B
429. FERMIN, Doreen Grace R
430. FERNANDEZ, Angelica P
431. FERNANDEZ, Catherine M
432. FERNANDEZ, Charity T
433. FERNANDEZ, Trisha Isabelle F
434. FERNANDO, Francis Paul N
435. FERNANDO, Ronald Thomas L
436. FERONEL, Leonardo A
437. FERRER, Luzell Z
438. FLORES, Michael Angelo V
439. FONACIER, Karla Flor D
440. FORTEA, Natassia L
441. FOSTER, Analiza G
442. FOSTER, Kimberly D
443. FRANCISCO, Justin James D
444. FRINAL, Nelyn B
445. FULGUERAS, Joel E
446. FULGUERAS, Marjorie Ivory S
447. FUMERA, Robert G
448. GABALDA, Rusella G
449. GABUNAS, Divine Grace B
450. GABUYA, Ryan R
451. GACUTAN, Michael Aaron P
452. GALA, Steven Michael D
453. GALAGALA, Kim P
454. GALIMBA, Jordan R
455. GALING-LUNA, Moera Joy N
456. GAMBOA, Avril Elaine U
457. GAMBOA-CASTRO, Cherry Grace Z
458. GAMIAO, Leo Anthony M
459. GAMONNAC, Abigail D
460. GANDO, Ace Arvin V
461. GANIR, Leigh Angelie A
462. GARAY, Stephanie G
463. GARCIA, Carlos P
464. GARCIA, Charlene Lorena D
465. GARCIA, Jasyrr J
466. GARCIA, Jemimah Grace N
467. GARCIA, Maria Ara H
468. GARCIA, Marvin P
469. GARCIA, Zharmai C
470. GARCIA-DELA CRUZ, Anna Katrina L
471. GARCIANO, Maria Corazon D
472. GARDE, John Edmar G
473. GASATAYA, Jorelyne L
474. GASPAR, Ma. Teresita J
475. GATUS, Maria Roldeliza L
476. GAVINO, Jeriel T
477. GAVINO, Romir David B
478. GAVIOLA, Alan Byrne S
479. GAYAGAY, Michelle B
480. GAYDA, Philip Jason G
481. GENERAL, Smith P
482. GENESELA, Jozzyl T
483. GERONIMO, Armida A
484. GESMUNDO, Franchesca Abigail C
485. GESTOPA, Gevina V
486. GILDO, Casilda P
487. GO, Dennis O
488. GO, Faith P
489. GO, Jan Claude Patrick P
490. GO, III, Joseph M
491. GOLONG, Kenneth M
492. GOMEZ, Jhoann D
493. GOMEZ, Ma. Eliza Christine C
494. GONZAGA, Maria Jonika Y
495. GONZALES, Andrea Monica V
496. GOTOHIO, Stanley L
497. GRAN, Majken Anika S
498. GRAPILON, Raul S
499. GUERRERO, Mia Rustiel M
500. GUEVARA, Juliet Marie M
501. GUEVARRA, Joan Carla V
502. GUIAO, Abraham P
503. GUIDORIAGAO, Erma Marie R
504. GUILING-MATANOG, Ayesha Hania B
505. GUILLEN, Angelo Karlo T
506. GUNAY, Fredelyn S
507. GUTIERREZ, Emmanuel B
508. GUTIERREZ, Myron Dei A
509. GUZMAN, Angela Y
510. HABACON, George Matthew T
511. HADUCA, Marvin Edgar R
512. HAJIM, Al-zhoheir H
513. HALILI, Ma. Fe M
514. HAN, Stefano Dong Chul C
515. HANS, Jaimmie C
516. HERNAL, Gian Carla V
517. HERNANDEZ, Christopher M
518. HIDALGO, Phoebe Corazon C
519. HIDLAO, Hadji Hrothgar O
520. HIPOLITO, JR., Cesar B
521. HONORARIO, Christopher B
522. HUMIWAT, Gemale P
523. ICASIANO, Charles David A
524. ILAGAN, Cindy A
525. ILAGAN, Roju Sandino A
526. IMMOLIAP, Kendall Pung-ao T
527. IMPERIAL, Nd P
528. INOT, Leofel F
529. INOTURAN, Sophia P
530. INTONG, Iris Joy Consolasion C
531. IPIO, Raymund L
532. ISLES, Vincent S
533. ITO, Anwar M
534. JACINTO, Markova I
535. JACOB, Vanessa D
536. JACOSALEM, Jot P
537. JAMACA-UNO, Jedyl E
538. JAMORA, Raymond Francis Maria C
539. JANGAD, Nowyn-hope A
540. JASARENO, Ramil F
541. JAVIER, Jonathan A
542. JIMENO, JR., Cecilio M
543. JO, Jonathan C
544. JOCSON, Jenefer G
545. JONTILA, Jansen I
546. JOSE, Jefferson D
547. JUADA, Kristine Anne P
548. JUICO, A. Rafael C
549. JULIAN, Clarissa Anne Q
550. JULKIPLI, Mohammad Al-amin M
551. JUMALON, James A
552. JUNASA, Djoanivie Jomare A
553. JUNIO, Isabela Rose Jane B
554. JUNIO, Mary Joy P
555. JURADO, III, Cicero D
556. KAW, Alison Katrina Georgina T
557. KEH, Katherine C
558. KEMPIS, Kenneth M
559. KHAN, Donelle T
560. KHO, Sophia M
561. KHOLOMA, Sharon P
562. KING, Jeremy P
563. KING, Karl Edward C
564. KINTANAR, Krisza Joy P
565. KWOK, Maris Donna G
566. LABAJOSA, Michael John B
567. LACSON, Audrey Violet A
568. LACUNA, Marionne Rosabell R
569. LADEZA, Roel John M
570. LAGARDE, Mikaela Francine D
571. LAGASCA, Marianne Franchesca Therese S
572. LAIÑO, Arfil Joy G
573. LALIA, Yashneira A
574. LAMAC, Rodwil L
575. LAMAN, Ralph James G
576. LAMBINO-MALIMBAN, Kaye Coleen D
577. LAMBOSO, Ilda Marie E
578. LAMIGO, Kahlil L
579. LAMPA, Tristan D
580. LAMUG, Jackie Lou D
581. LANETE, Jesi Howard S
582. LAPERAL, Fatima P
583. LAPEÑA, Rheina B
584. LAPINIG, Jade A
585. LAPITAN, Erwin E
586. LASAM, Norman Clarence T
587. LATORRE, Charlaine E
588. LAUANG, Edzon Cristian C
589. LAUDENCIA, Karla Mae R
590. LAUREL, Michaela Victoria L
591. LAURON, Diana Margaret C
592. LAURON, Salud Beberly F
593. LAVA, Mari Joie C
594. LAVADIA, Eric Benjamin D
595. LAVADIA, Michael John T
596. LAYNO, Ian Abelle P
597. LAYSON, Gian Carlo R
598. LAZA, Bernadette B
599. LAZO, Leo Albert A
600. LEAÑO, Roniel V
601. LEDDA, III, Jose C
602. LEE, Anna Olivia S
603. LEE, Jassen Ralph A
604. LEE, Jude Z
605. LEE, Lara Camille A
606. LEGASPI, Ma. Theresa A
607. LEGASPI, Portia Fidelis C
608. LENDIO, Nathaniel V
609. LEONADOR, Rowel Jake L
610. LEYBAG, Jason C
611. LEYES, Hanna M
612. LIM, Frances Dyan T
613. LIM, Jan Alexander E
614. LIM, Jane Kathyrine B
615. LIM, Maridez C
616. LIM, Rahlee Jane B
617. LIM, JR., Angel A
618. LIMCOLIOC, Louie Mark R
619. LINGBAWAN, Baby Jacklyn D
620. LINOG, Hannah Khiarra C
621. LIPAT, Irene Ann Y
622. LIQUIGAN, Christoffer Allan A
623. LISBO, Eric A
624. LIWANAG, Fem Christine M
625. LLOREN, Warren Marc P
626. LO, Justine Andrew C
627. LONGAYAN-TABILIN, Maricar T
628. LONGNO, Christine N
629. LONTOC, Mary Catherine B
630. LOON, Jose Martin A
631. LOOT, Jemirose R
632. LOPEZ, Gene Edward DC
633. LOPEZ, Nelson D
634. LOPEZ, Niño Jubilee S
635. LORENZO, Norman N
636. LORETCHA, Jane B
637. LORICO, Jennilene V
638. LORICO, Michael Joseph J
639. LOYOLA, Emmanuel D
640. LOYOLA, Joseph Nelson Q
641. LOYOLA, Maria Daisy M
642. LOZADA, Stefanie Noelle A
643. LUCENARIO, Marien Kathrine A
644. LUCERO, Ian Kenneth B
645. LUCERO, Lucie Antonette D
646. LUGTU, Juliben L
647. LUMANGLAS, Crisalyn B
648. LUMANTA, Jan Louenn L
649. LUNA, Ginber M
650. MAAMO, Anthony L
651. MABBUN, Ma. Antonette M
652. MABINI, Cyra M
653. MACAINDIG, Datumama M
654. MACALINO, Ralph Vincent S
655. MACAPAGAL, Ryann S
656. MACAPAGAL, Stephanie Luzette M
657. MACARAEG, Tyrus Joshua M
658. MACARAMBON, Muhammad Ali M
659. MACATANGAY, Sherleen Lourds R
660. MACLA, Jamail Lunar G
661. MADRIÑAN, John Andrew M
662. MAGABILEN, Darlene Marie S
663. MAGNO-GUYGUYON, Candice K
664. MAGRATA, Marielle M
665. MAGSAMBOL, Iderlyn P
666. MALABANAN, Arianne C
667. MALABANAN, Marie Krizel P
668. MALABANAN, JR., Arnaldo C
669. MALAMUG, Jerry Anton Paolo U
670. MALVAR, Michael Andrew G
671. MAMARIL, Charise P
672. MAMENTA, Maricris R
673. MANA-AY, Grace N
674. MANANGKIL, Jill B
675. MANDOCDOC, Dan Kevin C
676. MANGABAN, Ma. Lourena M
677. MANGAHAS, Gabrielle Ruth D
678. MANGCO, Carlos Joseph Frederick
679. MANGUBAT, Christian Paul N
680. MANIGBAS, Anne Maureen B
681. MANIQUIS, Katrina G
682. MANLANGIT, Donna Patricia C
683. MANLICLIC, Eleni Francesca G
684. MANOTOC, Ferdinand Richard Michael M
685. MANUBAG, Reman V
686. MANUEL, Leylann Generoso R
687. MANUEL, Melvin L
688. MANZANARES, JR., William P
689. MANZANO, Katrina Ross P
690. MAPUTI, Julius Art P
691. MARALIT, Catherine Angela V
692. MARANGIT, Zarith Sofiah G
693. MARANTE, IV, Hermenegildo P
694. MARCAIDA, Ramon Carlo F
695. MARGALLO, Ralph Lawrence M
696. MARI, Marjorie H
697. MARISTELA, Marvyn L
698. MARISTELA, Melissa Fina U
699. MARIÑO, Yehushelline Joy L
700. MARQUEZ, Fellain Ann P
701. MARQUEZ, Jadelee I
702. MARTINEZ, Rodulfo Jose R
703. MARTINEZ, Theena C
704. MASACAYAN, Earl Louie M
705. MASCENON, JR., Ernesto Mario S
706. MATEO, Armi Liza M
707. MAUHAY, Mary Giselle R
708. MAURO, Claire Marie B
709. MAÑO, Chris Jark Ace M
710. MEDALLE, Irma Mari P
711. MELCHOR, Bettina R
712. MENCIAS, Rowena Mae N
713. MENDEZ, Ivan Viktor N
714. MENDIGUARIN, Eman Michael M
715. MENDIGUARIN, Genevieve S
716. MENDOZA, Allan Duane A
717. MENDOZA, Anna Loraine M
718. MENDOZA, Beverly I
719. MENDOZA, Mara Khrisna Charmina F
720. MENDOZA, Miguel Antonio L
721. MENDOZA-OBUMANI, Jesme Donna R
722. MERCADO, Noel Patrick Y
723. MERCADO-GEPHART, Tercel Maria G
724. MERCENE, Annaliza P
725. MERCURIO, Walesa J
726. MIEL, Allan Arnel D
727. MIGUEL, John Evan C
728. MIJARES, Kristine P
729. MILAOR, Rose Andrea V
730. MILLAN, Princess Mae A
731. MILLARE, Loreta Fairie Ann R
732. MINGUEZ, Al Jason V
733. MIRAL, Mercy Joy R
734. MISLANG, JR., Armando F
735. MISOLA, Vanessa Y
736. MIÑOZA, Ma. Golda Gigi G
737. MO, Sophia C
738. MOLO, Jade Paulo T
739. MONJE, Monna Lissa C
740. MONOTEN, Edgar S
741. MONTESCO, Aldrin R
742. MOPIA, Eden Catherine B
743. MORADA, Julienne Marie A
744. MORATO, April Rose N
745. MORAÑA, Hansel P
746. MOSQUITE, Michael M
747. MOSTOLES, Sherwin T
748. MOYA, Ann Faustine T
749. MUARIP, Myra C
750. MUNDIN, Maria Cristina T
751. MUÑOZ, Roniel D
752. NABONG, Rose Vida D
753. NACINO, Racquel H
754. NACIONAL, II, Rene Q
755. NACUA, Bernadine R
756. NADAL, Janice G
757. NAGA, John Henry D
758. NALLIW, Joan Sheelah O
759. NARVAEZ, Stephanie Marie L
760. NAVA, Anna Rose M
761. NAVARRA, Ellie Chris C
762. NAVARRA, Janelle Aquilina Marie
763. NEBRIDA, Rosario Joy F
764. NELLAS, JR., Alberto P
765. NEPOMUCENO, Juan Paolo M
766. NERY, Anna Suzanne C
767. NG, Cyris Ann A
768. NGO, Mary Grace M
769. NGOSLAB, Donna K
770. NIETO, Paolo D
771. NILLAMA, Kirwen B
772. NILLAMA, Mae Grace June C
773. NOLASCO, Raizulli M
774. NOMBRADO, Israel C
775. NUDALO, Grace A
776. NUEZ, Miguel Lorenzo Y
777. NUQUE, Reymond G
778. NUÑEZ, Samantha Louise J
779. OAMINAL, Althea Isobel F
780. OBBUS, Fe V
781. OBNIMAGA-MIRAL, Maria Janel S
782. OCAMPO, Josephine Gabrielle Melissa L
783. OCANA, III, Norman Roland E
784. OFO-OB, Seichi E
785. OLANDESCA, Gabriel Guy P
786. OLFINDO, Ryan Paul N
787. OLIVA, Ma. Richelle Q
788. OLIVA, Regal M
789. OLVIDA, Mark Anthony C
790. ONG, Mark Stephen K
791. ONG, Matthew Aaron D
792. ORESTE, Mary B
793. ORTEA, Rudy V
794. ORTEGA, Marvin G
795. ORTILE, Neil G
796. OSMEÑA, Ruhjen S
797. OVIEDO, Jose O
798. OXALES, Glenda G
799. OYALES, Mark Xavier D
800. PAAT, Erwin A
801. PABLICO, Christopher Jhundi D
802. PABLO-NEPOMUCENO, Czarina J
803. PACABIS, Ryan T
804. PACHECO, Aira P
805. PAGALA, Rosemarie D
806. PAGDONSOLAN, O'jay A
807. PAGUICAN, Joshua D
808. PAGULAYAN, JR., Alipio C
809. PALAY, Mabelle Grace A
810. PALLUGNA, Gregorio Miguel H
811. PALMA, Andrew M
812. PALMA, Maria Racquel Carmeli T
813. PALMARES, Louie Mae P
814. PALOMAR, Annabelle Therese G
815. PALPAGAN, Marc Ivan D
816. PAMBID, Karlon V
817. PANDAN, Ramon Antonio D
818. PANGAN, Nielson G
819. PANGANIBAN, Haydee Gretchen G
820. PANGANIBAN, Rodelyn L
821. PANGHULAN, Gerwin A
822. PANIAGUA, Carlo James C
823. PANLILIO, Victor Christopher B
824. PANONG, Hazel Joy P
825. PANTALEON, Sencia L
826. PANUGALING, Rey Cris A
827. PARADO, Mariel Jances Nhayin D
828. PARAS, Mary Kristine Joy S
829. PARAS, Rex L
830. PARAÑAL, Jonah Paul G
831. PARCIA, Teresa Rose D
832. PARCO, John Joseph S
833. PARLADE, Lalaine Mae C
834. PASCUA, Marie Antoinette V
835. PASCUA, Ruby Anne B
836. PASCUA, Suzanne G
837. PASCUAL, Jim S
838. PASCUAL-BELLO, Cristine E
839. PASIA, Mon Cristopher B
840. PASQUIL, Cria Marie L
841. PATAGAN, Gerille Hope E
842. PATALINGHUG, Eligene B
843. PAUMAR, Alberto S
844. PE, Laurie A
845. PE, Lorene A
846. PE BENITO, Armi Christie C
847. PEDRO, Kirk Mathew R
848. PELAYO, Jannefer Jannice G
849. PENDATUN, Sittie Amirah K
850. PENDATUN, JR., Datu Nasser A
851. PERALTA, Anna Margarita C
852. PERALTA, Eric Paul D
853. PERALTA, Lorena R
854. PERDIGUERRA, Toni Marie L
855. PEREGRINA, Johann Chairo E
856. PEREZ, Dikko Jay C
857. PESISANO, Wincerbogne L
858. PEÑA, Irwin L
859. PEÑARANDA, Jon Dominic P
860. PFLEIDER, JR., Rodolfo D
861. PICHAY, Olivia Emmanuelle A
862. PICO, Nathan Michael O
863. PIELAGO, Juan Carlo O
864. PILAPIL, Julius P
865. PILOTON, Edison R
866. PINEDA, Edelise D
867. PINLAC, Sergio Ildefonso Felipe O
868. PINOON, Lorevill S
869. POMOY, Rashel Ann C
870. PORQUEZ, Jonalyn G
871. PORTUGALIZA, Michel B
872. PRECIOSO, Dexter B
873. PRINCIPE, Ruskin G
874. PUA, JR., Greg G
875. PULIDO, Karina N
876. PULIDO, Paula Editha I
877. PULTA, Ma. Victoria B
878. QUE, Kathrina Sheena Marie L
879. QUEBEC, Aldrin Jude M
880. QUERIJERO, Elizabeth Anne M
881. QUEROBINES, Rowel A
882. QUIBRAL, Regie Matet C
883. QUILANG-SALVIEJO, Marites M
884. QUINTO, Jacqueline Ann R
885. RABAGO-AGUSTIN, Fairy Faith B
886. RABAJANTE, Maria Diory F
887. RABAYA, Gerwin Ryan L
888. RABE, Cheryl Grace M
889. RABENA, Gerald F
890. RABONZA, Maria Christina C
891. RADA, Mayeth C
892. RAMIRO, Roberto Miguel D
893. RAMOS, Renee Camille V
894. RAMOS, Rizal Disraeli S
895. RAMOS, Vince Paolo L
896. RAYCO, Georgeanna Rainbow S
897. RAYMUNDO, Joshua S
898. RAYPON, Ma. Althea Rholene J
899. RAZON, Zenaida R
900. RAÑA, Rhone A
901. RAÑOLA, Mary Ann I
902. REAS, Ma. Ruby Ann P
903. REBAÑO, Ma. Patricia F
904. RECIO, Gelina Rose E
905. REDOBLE, Rogelio Benjamin J
906. REGIS, Jasmin Mei C
907. RELUCIO, Rendl James C
908. REMIGIO, Francis Jay E
909. RENALES-LUCERO, Antoniette Maria S
910. RENES, Jan Richard A
911. REVITA, Mariza I
912. REYES, Ana Francessca A
913. REYES, Harly Jayson U
914. REYES, Ma. Christina S
915. REYES, Marie Kristine F
916. REYES, Peter Gian-marc R
917. REYES, Pierre Martin D
918. REYES, Rafaella Carmela P
919. REYES, Raymond C
920. REYES, Romel O
921. REYES, Tristan A
922. REYES, JR., Tito L
923. REYES-VEGA, Patricia B
924. RIGAT, Rose Ann B
925. RIGETS, Robert Edward G
926. RILE, Mary Jane G
927. RILLERA, Christinne Marie A
928. RIVERA, Katrina N
929. RIVERA, Neil Allan D
930. RIVERA, Phillip Raymund S
931. ROBLEDO, JR., Michael A
932. ROBLES, Jannica G
933. ROBLES, Joanna Marie G
934. RODAS, Vincent Abril U
935. RODEL, Salvador S
936. RODRIGUEZ, Anna Katarina B
937. ROJAS, Raisia Mae DV
938. ROLDAN, Joyce Anne C
939. ROLDAN-ADVINCULA, Michelle D
940. ROMAGOS, Lois S
941. ROMAN, Martin Kristoffer F
942. ROMERO, Faith B
943. ROMERO, Marigold D
944. ROPLOC, Salvador F
945. ROSAL, Maria Karla Soleil F
946. ROSALEJOS, Chyrs Anne M
947. ROSALES, Christine Heide A
948. ROSALES, Mary Grace Anne S
949. ROSARIO, Glenys M
950. ROSITO, Rommel R
951. ROXAS, Idesa L
952. RUBIN, Ronald Patrick T
953. RUBINOS, Ronajoy G
954. RUBIO, Mark P
955. RUBLICO, Jan Edgar J
956. RUIZ, Theresa C
957. RUIZO, Liway Czarina S
958. RUIZOL, Mari Joyce R
959. RUZ, Jan Edmond Y
960. SABIO, Rodolfo Apolonio R
961. SACDALAN, Strella Marie G
962. SACRAMENTO, Anne Jaycelle C
963. SACULLES, Myraflor G
964. SADSAD, Kathrina Mishael C
965. SAGARINO, Irvin Z
966. SAGARINO, Rodelynn Rajini A
967. SAGUID, Roel S
968. SALENGA, Jerico D
969. SALOMON, Mark Rossel D
970. SALUNGKIT, Jhunar I
971. SALVADOR, Farina R
972. SALVADOR, Julie Ann C
973. SALVADOR, Lea Diana B
974. SALVATIERRA, Mary Rose B
975. SAMPANG, Canhermi O
976. SAMSON, Dhan Morris M
977. SAMSON, Samantha B
978. SAN JOSE, Warren D
979. SANCHEZ, Malene Jade G
980. SANGUIR, Aileen M
981. SANSON, Rosebell L
982. SANTELLA, Janice J
983. SANTIAGO, Arceelyn J
984. SANTIAGO, Mark Andrew M
985. SANTIAGO, Rita Therese F
986. SANTIAGO, Ronald O
987. SANTILLAN, Steve M
988. SANTIZO, Nicholas C
989. SANTOS, Gail Joseph S
990. SANTOS, Julius Loren C
991. SANTOS, Rio Rose B
992. SANTOS, Sammy Dave A
993. SANTOS, Thomas Angelo A
994. SAPGUIAN, Vicky Louise G
995. SAPIO, Milcah T
996. SARAUSAD, Manuel Elijah J
997. SARIBONG, Tina Marie C
998. SARINES, Agatha Grace A
999. SARMIENTO, Michael Franks T
1000. SARON, Ednalyn R
1001. SARTHOU, JR., Ronald Luke T
1002. SAYSON, Markgregor Edward C
1003. SEGOVIA, Jan Michael K
1004. SERAFICO, Mary Mae Jane A
1005. SERRANO, Janz Hanna Ria N
1006. SEÑA, Andrea Isabel B
1007. SEÑOR, Nes Patrick K
1008. SIAPIAN, Alvin A
1009. SICANGCO, Paulo Alberto T
1010. SICLOT, Haney Lynn G
1011. SILVA, Albert Christian C
1012. SILVA, Julie Ann G
1013. SILVESTRECE, Niño Anthony M
1014. SIO, Nathaniel Eric U
1015. SIPIN, Kristianne Laridor M
1016. SIRIBAN, Victor Andrew A
1017. SISON, Jeniffer P
1018. SISON, Sheila C
1019. SOCIAS, Jairus T
1020. SORIA, Ivy Agatha V
1021. SORIANO, Ivon Francis Y
1022. SOTTO, Jillienne Grace M
1023. SOTTO, Leighton John M
1024. STA. ANA, Marie Micaela T
1025. STO. DOMINGO, Charmaine N
1026. SUAREZ, Andre Anton S
1027. SUAREZ, Maria Socorro D
1028. SUAREZ, Ronald Ryan T
1029. SUBA-RODRIGUEZ, Anne Gillian G
1030. SUING, Ma. Niña Jasmin R
1031. SULIT, Ma. Ricca Pearl S
1032. SULTAN, Val Christian T
1033. SUMAGUI, Ma. Angeles B
1034. SUYAT, Katrine Paula V
1035. SY, Alwyn U
1036. SY, Edson Byron K
1037. SY, Kriselle Samantha D
1038. TABIGNE, Richard D
1039. TABINGAN, Jeona Mae S
1040. TABLADA, Kaven B
1041. TABORA, Jake Rupert T
1042. TAGRA, Earl C
1043. TAGUIAM, Lorraine G
1044. TAJON, Marlowe Doms R
1045. TAJON, Mayvelyn P
1046. TAMAYAO, Michael Jhon M
1047. TAMAYO, Anna Clarife M
1048. TAMBASEN, Alora Mae J
1049. TAMBIAC, Gray S
1050. TAN, Aimee Beryl C
1051. TAN, Franz Kevin R
1052. TAN, Joshua A
1053. TAN, Ma. Donnabel T
1054. TAN, Patrick P
1055. TAN, JR., Gerardo R
1056. TANATE, Marianie C
1057. TANG, Rhomellie B
1058. TANGO, IV, Brian Benson G
1059. TANGOAN, Chris Francis C
1060. TANHUECO, Maria Karrissa A
1061. TAYABAN, Vanessa B
1062. TAYAG, Maria Angeline L
1063. TAÑUTE, Richelle R
1064. TECSON, Jacky Lyn O
1065. TEE, Divine Grace C
1066. TELOG, Thania Marie L
1067. TENORIO, Milmon Bryce C
1068. TENORIO, Regine Amor P
1069. TEPORA, Marian C
1070. TETANGCO, Patrick Arnold P
1071. TEVES, Ma. Cassandra C
1072. THELMO, Marie Angelica M
1073. TIATCO, Misheena Joyce C
1074. TINAPAY, Earl Tristan Ian A
1075. TIU, Alisha S
1076. TIU, Elaine B
1077. TIU, JR., Michael T
1078. TO, Mellisa Joyce Y
1079. TODA, Annalee Joyce C
1080. TOLENTINO, Irish Tom T
1081. TOLENTINO, Joyce Maika J
1082. TOLENTINO, Karissa Faye R
1083. TOLENTINO, Marlene Amparo C
1084. TONGCO, Candice Christine O
1085. TONGSON, JR., Luisito G
1086. TORIO, Cerizar Vicente S
1087. TORRE-RONDEZ, Maria Luisa Cristina K
1088. TORRES, Archiesyl S
1089. TORRES, Jose Carlos S
1090. TORRES, Karen Andrea D
1091. TORRES, Ronald Hallid D
1092. TORRES, JR., Edgar Y
1093. TORRIJOS, Corinna Lorenza T
1094. TORRIJOS, Ma. Mercedes Leanne Antonia B
1095. TORTOLES, Catherine Rose R
1096. TRANGIA-SOLIS, Buena Joy C
1097. TRAVILLA, Cherrel Joy S
1098. TRAZO, Greta Monica D
1099. TRINIDAD, Cherry Lynn M
1100. TRINIDAD, Regina Camille A
1101. TRONO, Gene Mae E
1102. TUASON, Juan Miguel D
1103. TUBIG, George Herbert N
1104. TUGADE, Salvador Andrew S
1105. TUGADI, Wayne A
1106. TULLAO, Fernando R
1107. TUMACDER, Mikhail Maverick P
1108. ULIP, Rhonella L
1109. UMALI, Kristine Camille Y
1110. UMALI, Marie Gene Cecille B
1111. UMEREZ, Enrico L
1112. URANI, Ryan L
1113. URDAS, Krisleen Grace T
1114. USMAN, Maleiha E
1115. USSAM, Reymund Al F
1116. UY, Herazeus Christine Y
1117. UY, Jameson P
1118. UY, Jonathan Buemio
1119. VALBERDE, Jordan Elizabeth C
1120. VALBUENA, Adrian N
1121. VALCOS, Keith Alexandra S
1122. VALDEZ, Jules Boy R
1123. VALENZUELA, Jana Monica Z
1124. VALERIO, Carlo B
1125. VALERIO, Neo Y
1126. VALLEJOS, Virgel Amor O
1127. VALLESTERO, Rizza Joy S
1128. VARGAS, Edgar A
1129. VAÑO, Rhee Christopher C
1130. VELARDE, Patricia C
1131. VELASCO, Raymond Q
1132. VELAYO, Lovely Aissa B
1133. VELOSO, Pinky D
1134. VENDIOLA-CABANILLA, Isiderlyne M
1135. VENERACION, Carmen Cecilia T
1136. VERDEJO, Jonathan N
1137. VERGARA, Marianne T
1138. VICENTE, Glaiza Kaye C
1139. VICENTE, Rowell B
1140. VILLALOBOS, Maria Kamille E
1141. VILLAMOR, Ralph Julious L
1142. VILLANUEVA, Ma. Jade B
1143. VILLANUEVA, Viviene B
1144. VILLAREAL, Jobelle U
1145. VILLARTA, Hannah Joy A
1146. VILLEGAS, Chandine Kaye P
1147. VILLENA, Ezekiel Joshua L
1148. VILLENA, James Ryan B
1149. VINLUAN, Mark C
1150. VIOLA, Stephanie-eden T
1151. VISTA, Ann Margarette C
1152. VIVAR, Clarisse Nicole S
1153. VIVAR, Ma. Theresa Carmina E
1154. WEIGAND, Esther M
1155. WILWAYCO, Dianna Louise R
1156. WONG, Arnel Vincent A
1157. YACAPIN, Myra Vita C
1158. YAN, Veronica Mae C
1159. YANES, Marian R
1160. YANG, Rowena B
1161. YBAÑEZ, Joseph B
1162. YCONG, Mhealler T
1163. YECYEC, Jo Edward F
1164. YPARRAGUIRRE, Robbie James D
1165. YU, Acelynne Joanne O
1166. YUSON, Christian Anthony B
1167. ZAFRA, Jordan G
1168. ZAFRA, IV, Jose P
1169. ZARASPE, Jenn Krystel C
1170. ZATARAIN, Marni Rose D
1171. ZENAROSA, Anna Karenina A
1172. ZULUETA, Isabel S
1173. ZULUETA, Redmond John D
1174. ZUÑIGA, Fatima Eliza O

Public Office

2013-12-22T10:42:00.000+08:00

Public Office is the right, authority, and duty created and conferred by law, by which for a given period, either fixed by law or enduring at the pleasure of the appointing power, an individual is invested with some portion of the sovereign functions of the government, to be exercised by him for the benefit of the public.

Essential elements

1. Created by Constitution or by law or by some body or agency to which the power to create the office has been delegated (enabling law)

2. Invested with authority to exercise some portion of the sovereign power of the State

3. Powers/Functions defined by the enabling law

4. Duties are performed independently without control unless those of an inferior

5. Continuing / permanent in nature

Distinctions between Public Official and Public Officer and Employee

Public Official is an officer of the Government itself, as distinguished from the officers and employees of instrumentalities of government.

Officer is distinguished from an employee in the greater importance, dignity and independence of his position, being required to take an official oath, and perhaps give an official bond and in the liability to be called to account as a public offender for misfeasance or nonfeasance in office.

Eligibility for Public Office

Eligibility is the state or quality of being legally fitted or qualified to be chosen. Qualification refer to the act which a person, before entering upon the performance of his duties is by law required to do such as the taking, and often, of subscribing and filing of an official oath, and, in some cases, the giving of an official bond.

Land Titles and Deeds

2013-12-21T16:03:00.003+08:00

Land Titles and Deeds

BACKGROUND, BASIC CONCEPTS & GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Land Title – evidence of right of owner or extent of his interest, by which means he can maintain control and as a rule assert right to exclusive possession and enjoyment of property

Deed – instrument in writing which any real estate or interest therein is created, alienated, mortgaged or assigned or by which title to any real estate may be affected in law or equity

1. Grantor

2. Grantee

3. Words of grant

4. Description of property

5. Signature of grantor

6. Witnesses

Types of estates:

1. Freehold estate – indicates title of ownership

a. Fee simple – absolute title; conferred without limitation, qualification or restriction

b. Fee tail – pass title to grantee & his heirs

c. Life state – held for duration of life of grantee

2. Less than freehold estate – a right short of title

a. Estate for years – lease for a period agreed upon, lessor retains ownership of land

b. Tenancy from period to period – lease running from month to month or year to year with automatic renewal

c. Tenancy at will – person is permitted to occupy land of another without stipulation as to period

3 Stages of Development of Legal System of Transferring Titles:

1. Production & delivery of deed by grantor to grantee without registration

2. Deed of conveyance is recorded to bind 3rd persons

3. Registration of title

Registration – guarantees the title

Recording – does not guarantee the title; need to examine other docs

Purpose of Registration:

1. Serve as constructive notice

2. Prevent fraudulent claims

3. Protect interest of strangers to transaction

Doctrine of Proper Submission (Constitutional Law)

2013-12-21T15:44:00.000+08:00

Doctrine of Proper Submission

Amendments cannot be submitted to the people in a piecemeal fashion wherein the other amendments are to follow. The people should have a frame of reference from which to read the amendments being proposed. (Tolentino vs COMELEC)

------------------------------------------------------------

I. Nature of the Constitution

Purposes of the Constitution:

1. to prescribe the framework of a system of government

2. to assign to the several departments their respective powers and duties

3. to establish certain fixed principles on which government is founded

Classification of the Constitution:

1. written

2. conventional

3. rigid

Essential Qualities of the Written Constitution:

1. broad

2. brief

3. clear

Essential Parts of the Written Constitution:

1. constitution of liberty

2. constitution of government

3. constitution of sovereignty

2 steps in the amendment or revision of our Constitution:

1. Proposal

1. Constituent Assembly (vote of ¾ of Congress)

2. Constitutional Convention (call by 2/3 vote of Congress, or thrown to people by majority vote of Congress)

3. People's Initiative [Amendment only] (12% of registered voters with 3% of registered voters in each legislative district)

2. Ratification (majority of the votes cast in the plebiscite; 60-90 days)

Judicial Review of Amendments

The amending process, both as to proposal and ratification, raises a judicial question (Sanidad vs COMELEC)

Doctrine of Proper Submission

2012 Bar Examination Result

2013-03-20T13:02:00.003+08:00

Provided hereinbelow is the list of successful examinees of the October 2012 Bar Examinations held at the University of Sto. Tomas, released by the Supreme Court of the Philippines today, March 20, 2013.

Congratulations!

Source: http://121.58.195.99/bar2012.html

1. A JOSE- AGUSTIN, Karren
2. ABASTILLAS, Lemuel
3. ABERIN, Ma. Christine
4. ABES, Royce Nieville
5. ABRENZOSA, Cleofe
6. ABUAN, Ruby Ryza
7. ACEDO, Kristian Josef
8. ACORDA, Jacqueline
9. ACOSTA, Lourdes Mae
10. ACOSTA, JR., Gil
11. ACUÑA, Jose Fidel
12. ADAN, Jan Mari
13. ADAP, Sanawia
14. AGANA, III, Carlos Ivan
15. AGATEP, Pia Augustha
16. AGBAY-ABILAR, Janice
17. AGBON, Ma. Cecelia Esperanza
18. AGOPITAC, Nestle
19. AGUAVIVA, Ava Marie
20. AJES-LAURENTE, Lilibeth
21. ALAMEDA, Abigail
22. ALAWI, JR., Saipal
23. ALBANO, Pia Ursula
24. ALBANO, Ranvylle
25. ALBAS, Dominique
26. ALBINA, Dionel
27. ALBOTRA, Tet Chea
28. ALCANTARA, Austin Claude
29. ALCANTARA, Rickmon Albert
30. ALCERA, II, Hermie
31. ALDOVINO, Marian Mae
32. ALEJANDRE, Pauline
33. ALFELOR, JR., Avelino
34. ALI, JR., Lanang
35. ALIM, Nicolito Jesus
36. ALIVIA, Mikhail Sherard
37. ALMARIO, Ann Therese
38. ALMENDRAL, Chrizellie
39. ALMIREZ, Hanna Maria Nica
40. ALOJADO, Carlo Enrico
41. ALVAREZ, Aila May
42. ALVAREZ, Maria Margarita
43. ALVERO, Marierose
44. AMADOR, Tina Andrea
45. AMAN, Takahiro Kenjie
46. AMARO, Ana Mae
47. AMBROCIO, Ma. Carmencita
48. AMSAN, Munib
49. ANDAWI, Melody
50. ANDRION, Jofre
51. ANG, Kathleen Mae
52. ANG, JR., Rodolfo
53. ANGELES, Raul
54. ANTIGUA, Perseus
55. ANTONIO, Rafael
56. APALISOK, JR., Simplicio
57. APARTE, Frances Margaret
58. APORTADERA, Mario Leonardo Emilio
59. AQUENDE, Joseph Angelo Wesley
60. ARANAS, Kim
61. ARCEO, Irene
62. ARCEO, Mariam
63. ARCEÑO, Jackielyn
64. ARDIENTE, Arnold
65. ARELLANO, May Kristine
66. ARIAS, Michelle
67. ARMENTA, Joshua
68. ARQUIZA, Arbee
69. ARQUIZA, Carlo
70. ARRIBA, Mona Liza
71. ARRIOLA, Roanne
72. ARTICONA, Mercedes
73. ARTICULO, Mark Anthony
74. ARTUGUE, Arianne
75. ARUGAY, Manuel Adrian
76. ASPIRAS, Janice
77. ASUNCION, Mark Anthony
78. ASUNTO, Daisy Ray
79. ATANACIO, John David
80. AUGUSTO, Davemark
81. AUSAN, Anniefair
82. AUSTRIA, Carlo
83. AUTENCIO, Anthony
84. AUZA, Jannycer
85. AVILA, Aldan
86. AVILA, Rachelle Faye
87. BABIERA, Jan Christian
88. BACOLOD, Julse
89. BAGAIPO, Cesar
90. BAGATSING, Lea Margarette
91. BAGUIO, Cindy
92. BAGULAYA, Jose Duke
93. BAILAN, Bai Sittie Saida
94. BAINTO, Neal Vincent
95. BAJAS, Joey
96. BAJETA, Jonathan
97. BAKILAN, Bernard
98. BALAGA, Jo Ann
99. BALANQUIT, Raoul Jann
100. BALAORO, Grace
101. BALBA, Zack Hansel
102. BALDOMERO, Ivan Jeffrey
103. BALDOVINO, Aldwin Kenneth
104. BALDOVINO, Alexander
105. BALDOVINO, Tanya Justine
106. BALILI, Neil Aaron
107. BALMES, Irene
108. BALORO, Joemyl
109. BALTAZAR, Ana Lyn
110. BANAYAT-NAS, Hermilia
111. BANDALAN, Jared Anthony
112. BANGHE, Hannah Jane
113. BANZON, Eva
114. BAPTISTA, Joe Allan
115. BARCELONA, Ralph Karlo
116. BARQUEZ, Ma. Elisa Jonalyn
117. BARRIOS, Angelo
118. BASCUGUIN, Maria Jocelyn
119. BASE, Amerissa
120. BASE, Maria Graciela
121. BAUTISTA, Judy-ann
122. BAUTISTA, Krystel Jehan
123. BAUTISTA, Maria Theresa
124. BAYONA, Phoebe Ann
125. BEBER, Dindo
126. BECHAYDA, JR., Jose
127. BEDURAL, Vladimir
128. BENIGIAN, II, Mardovic Dodge
129. BENITEZ, JR., Arcadio
130. BERAY-DE AUSEN, Penelope
131. BERNARDINO, Ramon Felipe
132. BERNARDO, Donna Ametyst
133. BERNARDO, Nicolo
134. BERNARDO, Pallo Mert
135. BIADO, Nazariel
136. BIDAD, Jonelyn
137. BILANGEL, Judy Ann
138. BILIRAN, Amabelle
139. BINARAO, Romael Meng
140. BIRONDO, Francis Ian
141. BLANCIA, Andrei Marion
142. BONDOC, Hector Jerome
143. BONGHANOY, Al
144. BONILLA, Diana Lutgarda
145. BORBON, Mariven
146. BORDON, Maria Janina Ann
147. BORJA, Ma. Arlene
148. BORROMEO, Gabriel Angelo
149. BOTABARA, Theresa
150. BRACERO, II, Wivino
151. BRAGAT, Junrie
152. BRILLANTES, Roselle Louie
153. BRION, Eden
154. BRIONES, Conrado
155. BRIONES, Gerald
156. BRONCE, Roentgen
157. BUAGÑIN, Venice
158. BUENAVENTURA, Ma. Clarissa Hearty
159. BUENAVENTURA, Roberto Martin
160. BULOTANO, Ronnie
161. BULSECO, Khristine Gail
162. BUSTOS, Adrian Francis
163. CABANTING, Gil Matthew
164. CABANTUD, Racel
165. CABATINGAN, Justine Mae
166. CABI, Romina Aina
167. CABIEDES, Rodrigo
168. CABRERA, Fernando Juan
169. CABRERA, John Patrick
170. CACHAPERO, JR., Oliver
171. CADABUNA, Marvin Jay
172. CADDAWAN-PANCHO, Julaida
173. CAHAYAG, Rommel
174. CAIBAN, Lee Ferdinand
175. CAJUCOM, Oscar Carlo
176. CALAG, Welan
177. CALALANG, Mary Bianca
178. CALAMAY, Cesar Norman
179. CALDERINI, Charmaine
180. CALDERON, Abegail Joan
181. CALINGASAN, Charlene Mae
182. CALMA-CHAN, Gabriela
183. CALUAG, Edmond
184. CALVAN, Myrtle
185. CAMACHO, Gianfrancis
186. CAMACHO, Paolo Francisco
187. CAMAGANACAN, Emelie
188. CAMISO, Aldous Benjamin
189. CAMUA, Mariacarla
190. CANDELARIA, Marissa
191. CANTILLAS, Irish Claire
192. CANTOS, Rj
193. CAPANAS, Jovalie Claire
194. CAPELLAN, Marina Victoria
195. CARANDANG, Ma. Buenafe
196. CARBONELL, Rhea Joy
197. CARDIÑO, Gian Carlo
198. CARDONA, Sarah Jeane
199. CARILLO, Marc Jay
200. CARINGAL-DE CASTRO, Maria Yvet
201. CARLOBOS, Princess Christine
202. CARPIO, Menachem
203. CARTAGENA, Philipp King
204. CASADOR, Angeli Ness
205. CASALS, Detchie
206. CASIBANG, JR., Ruben
207. CASIDSID-PORTENTO, Regina
208. CASIO, Jo Ann Marie
209. CASISON-DUNGCA, Maricel
210. CASTILLO, Beverly
211. CASTILLO, Dante
212. CASTILLO, Mark Erwin
213. CASTRO, Joanne Frances
214. CASTRODES, Kristine Joyce
215. CASUELA, Nathaniel Joseph
216. CATACUTAN, Richard
217. CATACUTAN, JR., Felicisimo
218. CATALAN, Jo-am
219. CATALUÑA-RENEGADO, Catherine
220. CATULONG, Zacharias
221. CAYABAN, Iva Freyritz Erica
222. CAYCO, Natasha
223. CAYCO, Victor Carlo Antonio
224. CAÑARES, Vhincent
225. CAÑETE, Stephen Roy
226. CEDEÑO, Jessa Mary Ann
227. CERIALES, Roni
228. CHAN, Christian
229. CHAN, Clifford
230. CHAN, Jereline
231. CHAVES, Carla Michelle
232. CHING, May Ann
233. CHINTE, Mary Eileen
234. CHU, Kristine Paula
235. CHUA, Sacel Anne
236. CINCO, Abegail Marie
237. CLAUDIO, Joanne Lucille Germaine
238. CLAUDIO, Kristoffer
239. CLAUDIO, Lesley Anne
240. CLEDERA, Kim Debra
241. COMA, Joanne Marie
242. CONCEPCION, Irene Charmaine
243. CONCEPCION, Robin Bryan
244. CONDE, Fiona
245. CONDE, Maricar
246. CONVOCAR, Daniel Luis
247. CORESIS, Ma. Katrina
248. CORPUZ, Danielle Sigfreid
249. CORPUZ, Grazielynne
250. CORRALES, Michael John
251. CORSAME-FUENTES, Gazzelenne
252. COVARRUBIAS, Jose Janello
253. CRISOSTOMO, Jaim Mari
254. CRUZ, Emmanuel Rey
255. CRUZ, Gino Carlo
256. CRUZ, Jennifer Anne Marie
257. CRUZ, Keneth Joyce
258. CRUZ, Niño Martin
259. CRUZ, Roxanne Joan
260. CUARTERO, Dave
261. CUBA, Margareth Kristel
262. CUBERO, Ronald
263. CUBILLAN, Asis
264. CUCHAPIN, Mykedox Knoel
265. CUEVAS, Dyan Marie
266. CUI, Rosabel
267. CURADA, Yul Bernie
268. CURAMMENG, Jessieh Rey
269. CUSTODIO, Daniel Ben
270. DANCE, Kristoffer Lee
271. DAPITON, Roel
272. DAQUIOAG, Florence
273. DE ANDRES, JR., Gabriel
274. DE CHAVEZ, Marc Roby
275. DE CHAVEZ-ALEDO, Sharon
276. DE DUMO, Jilliane Joyce
277. DE GUZMAN, Arjel
278. DE GUZMAN, Michael
279. DE GUZMAN, Robert Josef
280. DE GUZMAN, Steven Michael
281. DE LA CRUZ, Christian
282. DE LEON, Jose
283. DE LOS REYES, Dianne Margarette
284. DE LOS SANTOS, Christian Loren
285. DE MESA, Beverly Elvy
286. DE VERA, Ma. Christine Fel
287. DE VERA, II, Rustico
288. DE VILLA, Rhodora
289. DEJARME, Doreen
290. DEL ROSARIO, Joseph Carl
291. DELA CALZADA, Renato
292. DELA CRUZ, Gerald
293. DELA CRUZ, Glenna Mari
294. DELA CRUZ, Vann Allen
295. DELA CUESTA, Rogie
296. DELA PEÑA, Toni Carla
297. DELOS SANTOS, Lilian
298. DEOMPOC, Mary Khristel
299. DEVERATURDA, Joan Paula
300. DIALINO, Karen
301. DIAZ, Mario Vincent
302. DIESMOS, Angelo Ted
303. DIESTO, Jovian
304. DIGO, Jerry
305. DIMACULANGAN, Roberto Miguel
306. DIMAFELIX, II, Alfredo
307. DIMATATAC, Edwin
308. DIMSON, Caira Joyce
309. DIOKNO, Angelo
310. DISPO, D'lorenz Miro
311. DIZON, Justinne
312. DOCENA, Hans Christian
313. DOGWE-RAMIREZ, Marifi
314. DOMINGO, Frances Yani
315. DOMINGUEZ, Ilyn
316. DONATO, Carol
317. DORIA, Dianne
318. DU, Minister Moises
319. DUAZO, Rose Shayne
320. DUCUSIN, Alejandro
321. DULAY-MARCOS, Vicky Runa
322. DUMAGAT, Maricon
323. DUMALAY, Marichriz
324. DUNUAN, Brionelle La Realesa
325. DY, Frederick
326. ELEAZAR, Armand Dietrich
327. ELGO, Phil Ephraim
328. ELTANAL, Felwin Rau
329. ENAD, Rajiv
330. ENCABO, III, Melchisedech
331. ENCARNACION, Ian
332. ENCARNACION, Mark Francis
333. EPE, Evan
334. ERMINO, Augusto Ceasar
335. ESCALONA, Leo Miguel
336. ESCATRON, Karie
337. ESCOBER, Carlo
338. ESCUETA, Leonard
339. ESMENDA, Alvin
340. ESMERALDA, Patrick
341. ESPARCIA, Janis Louis
342. ESPARRAGO, Sheldon
343. ESPINA, Corin Celeste
344. ESPINOSA, Ron Ely
345. ESPIRITU, Harvey Rhey
346. ESPIRITU, Leah Eloisa
347. ESPIRITU, Paula
348. ESQUIVIAS, Joaquin Pablo
349. ESTIGOY, Karene Maneka
350. ESTRADA-ALCANTARA, Maria Socorro
351. ESTRELLA, Eric
352. EVAN, Noel
353. EVANGELISTA, Carlo Eduardo
354. EX, Doyle
355. EÑANO, Carissa Ann
356. FABUL, Joseph Vincent
357. FAJARDO, Celerina Rose
358. FAJARDO, Idamae
359. FAJARDO, Jan Ale
360. FATALLA, Dave Florenz
361. FEDERIO, Maria Desiree
362. FELICES, Rachel Marie
363. FELICIA, Luz Angela
364. FELIPE, Eduardo
365. FELIX, Peter Anthony Joseph
366. FERIA, Jerome Christopher
367. FERNANDO, Angelo
368. FERRAREN, Ryan
369. FERRER, Rosette
370. FLORES, Raymund Jonas
371. FLORES, Soleil
372. FLORES, II, Lester Jay Alan
373. FOLLO, Dennis
374. FONTANILLA, Viktor Samuel
375. FRAGANTE, Francis
376. FRANCISCO, Jeremiah
377. FRANCISCO, Jose Ma. Jason
378. FULGENCIO, Genesis
379. GABITO, Garry
380. GABOR-TOLENTINO, Joy Marie
381. GADIT, Earl
382. GALANG, John Paul
383. GALICIA, Gene Franco
384. GALLEVO-BAMBO, Majella Theresa
385. GALMAN, Franklin Gerard
386. GALVEZ, Edmund Cyril
387. GALVEZ, Jerico Angelo
388. GAMO, Ciselie Marie
389. GANASI, Dante
390. GANDO, Jovi Louie
391. GARCIA, Jan David
392. GARCIA, Junnar
393. GARCIA, Ron Michael
394. GARCINEZ, Paolo Gonzalo
395. GARRIDO, Kinni Albert
396. GATCHALIAN, Kate Carra
397. GATDULA, Genesis
398. GAYANILO, Brian
399. GENON, Aero Jel
400. GEOCANIGA, Gene Pedmon
401. GERNALE, Jay
402. GERVACIO, Diana
403. GIGANTONE, Maria Riza Lea
404. GILBUENA, Francis Conrad
405. GINGOYON, Laiza Kristel
406. GO, David Michael
407. GO, Marie Michelle
408. GO, Paolo Angelo
409. GOC-ONG, Lara May
410. GODINEZ, Jose Mari
411. GOMEZ, Ace
412. GOMEZ, Joni
413. GOMEZ, Mikhail Josef
414. GONZAGA, Odessa Grace
415. GONZALES, Christian
416. GONZALES, Jenny
417. GONZALES, Kristine Carmela
418. GONZALES, Nil Ryan
419. GORDULA, Xavier Elbert
420. GOYENA, Ma. Flor De Lis
421. GRANADO, Glenbelle
422. GUANGCO, Ma. Veronica
423. GUERRA, Blesscille
424. GUERRERO, Alan Martin
425. GUERRERO, Katrina Elena
426. GUEVARA, Kristine Bernadette
427. GUILLERMO, Maica
428. GUINOMLA, Mohammad Jamaludin
429. GUINTO, Celeni Kristine
430. GUMBAN, Margaret Rose
431. GUMBAN, Vanessa
432. GURREA, Fay Irene
433. GUTIERREZ, Eva Marie
434. GUZMAN, Jeffvince
435. HADLOCON, Fatima Faye
436. HASSANI, Mary Sayeh
437. HEREDIA, Criselda
438. HERMOSURA, Chasmeneth
439. HERNANDEZ, Maria Concepcion
440. HERNANDEZ, Patricia Andrea
441. HILARIO, Dan Raphael
442. HILARIO, Kyndell
443. HINLO, Marco
444. HIPOLITO, Maria Monica
445. HULIGANGA, Lovella May
446. HUMARANG, Jayson
447. HUMILDE, Noemi
448. IBAÑEZ, Jonathan
449. IGNACIO, Christopher John Marcelino
450. ILANO, Jose Angelito
451. IMPERIAL, Ramil
452. IMRAN, Adzlan
453. INCIONG, Jhoan Andrei
454. INDIOLA, Rio Aiko
455. INFANTE, Colleen
456. INGLES, Ignatius Michael
457. INLAO, Charle Magne
458. IRANZO, Kristoffer Edward
459. ISIDRO, Laida May
460. JAAFAR, Faigdar
461. JACOBA, Maria Laviña Rae
462. JARANILLA, David
463. JAVIER, April Rose
464. JAVIER, Carlo Michael
465. JAYME, Joel
466. JOAQUINO, JR., Joseph James
467. JUAN, Vincent
468. JUATCO, Francis
469. JULARBAL, Starr
470. JUSI, Genevieve
471. KALAW, Jenny Kay
472. KATIPUNAN, Andrea
473. KIAMZON, Joyful Josette
474. KING KAY, Catherine Beatrice
475. KO, Patricia
476. KUSAIN-KANSI, Adjuria
477. LA ROSA-MILLARES, Katherine Joy
478. LABADOR, Jed
479. LABIANO, Lester
480. LACAP, Karen Kristi
481. LACEDA, Jovert
482. LACHICA, Lemuel
483. LACNO, Sarah Vanessa
484. LACSON, April Carmela
485. LAGGUI, Marie Hyacinth
486. LAMBINO, Mary Rhauline
487. LAMSEN, Jaenicen
488. LANGIT, Earla Kahlila Mikhaila
489. LANTION, Mell Christopher
490. LANUZO, Ma. Czarina
491. LAO, Michael Stephen
492. LAOHOO, Joyce Elaine
493. LAUROS, Jus
494. LAXAMANA, Aufelene Anne
495. LAYAAN, Geraldine
496. LAZARO, Grace Ann
497. LAZARO, Nicholai Noel
498. LEAL, Lemuel
499. LEDESMA, Leofred Ian
500. LEGASPI, Erwin
501. LEI, John Christopherson
502. LEIDO, Juan Paolo Miguel
503. LELIS, Alexa Marie
504. LENA, Andrew John
505. LEONG-ANUDIN, Leslie Ann
506. LERONA, Lawuel
507. LI, Carlo Martin
508. LIGGAYU, Minehaha
509. LIM, Jhella
510. LIM, Rachelle
511. LIM, Timothy Dalton
512. LIM-MAGTANGGOL, Rachelle
513. LISTONES, Paul
514. LIWAG, Jobelle Joyce
515. LLAMAS, Marvyn
516. LOGROÑO, Princess Jazmine
517. LONDRES, Louie Marie
518. LOPEZ-BALUYUT, Philjoy
519. LORA, Lizette Lou
520. LOTOC, Jeremy
521. LOZADA, Maria Kristile
522. LOZANO, Daphne
523. LU, Antonio Miguel
524. LUCAS, Danjun
525. LUCIANO, Mark Christian
526. LUIB, JR., Ronald
527. LUNA, Myla
528. LUNASCO, Emil
529. MABANTA, Marco Jose Maria
530. MABAZZA, Paolo
531. MACABODBOD, Lou Bryan
532. MACARAEG, Marck Joseph
533. MACARANDANG, Deen Asliah
534. MACARAYAN, Maichel Rick
535. MACHUCA, Jose Maria Angel
536. MADRIDIJO, Marlon
537. MAGCALAS, Felman Gem
538. MAGLINAO, Patrick
539. MALABUYOC, Ichelle
540. MALAGA, Vic Randolf
541. MALALAD, Warren Wesley
542. MALASA, Michelene
543. MALAWANI, Hanaphi
544. MALLANAO, Paul
545. MAMAILAO, Athiena
546. MAMAILAO, Paiza
547. MAMUKID, Michael
548. MANALO, May
549. MANALO, Melchor
550. MANANDEG, Gertrude Gay
551. MANAUIS, JR., Conrado
552. MANCAO, Katrina Michelle
553. MANGSI, Sanchez
554. MANGUBAT, Rex
555. MANIEGO, Catriona Rhiannon
556. MANRIQUE, Bernard
557. MANUEL, Sheila Gene
558. MAQUILAN, Jonathan
559. MARANAN, Maria Carmela
560. MARASIGAN, Nathan
561. MARAÑA, Jonalyn
562. MARCELO, Monica Joy
563. MARCELO, Ronel
564. MARIÑAS, Maria Rosario
565. MARON-MARTIN, Vobbye Jean
566. MAROTO, Ma. Alexandria Ixara
567. MARQUESES, Dan Michael
568. MARQUEZ, JR., Reynaldo
569. MARTIN, Mary Marjorie
570. MARTINEZ, IV, Lorenzo
571. MARTIREZ, Ike
572. MARTY, Frank Edward
573. MASLOG, Ma. Sheryl
574. MATALAM, Jamil Adrian Khalil
575. MATIAS, Serwin
576. MATILDO, JR, Lerdo
577. MAURERA, Katherine
578. MAYUGA, Adrian
579. MAÑEBO, Ferdinand
580. MEDINA, Maria Ana Karina
581. MEJIA, Nina Remedios
582. MEJIA, Venus Amelie
583. MELGAR, III, Josefino
584. MENDOZA, Daniel Angelo
585. MENDOZA, Emaculada Concepcion
586. MENDOZA, Gerardo
587. MENDOZA, Jason
588. MENDOZA, Marychelle
589. MENZON, Anthony
590. MERCADER, Ryan
591. MERIDA, JR., Manuel
592. MILLEZA, Carmel Rosame
593. MILLORA, II, Efren Joe
594. MINA, Iellen Therese
595. MIRANDA-RIMONTE, Ana
596. MIRAVALLES, Samantha
597. MITCHOR, April
598. MONTANO, IV, Julian
599. MONTEMAYOR, Meriam
600. MONTENEGRO, Kutz Melvin
601. MORA, Crisanto
602. MORALES, Armand
603. MORALES, Generick Humprey
604. MORGA, Ryan Calvin
605. MORILLO, Leo Adrian
606. MOTOOMULL-IDULSA, Marian Kanna
607. MUCOY-GRANADOS, Meralie
608. MULI, Katrina
609. MUPAS, Remedios
610. MUTIA, Mohammad Nabil
611. MUÑIZ, Angelo
612. MUÑOZ, Giselle Angelica
613. NAGAÑO, Lord Jayson
614. NAVARRA, Cherrylyn
615. NEJUDNE, Paul
616. NICOLAS, Jerwin
617. NIEMES, Vanessa
618. NIEVES, Jonas
619. NIFRAS, Francis Ariel
620. NOEL, Laura Katrina
621. NOGRALES, Juan Fidel Felipe
622. NONATO, Roselle Jean
623. NOVERAS, Chrsitian
624. NUCUP, Neil
625. NUEVO, Genie Celini
626. NUÑEZ, Jeremie
627. OBIAS, John Dominic
628. OCADO, Allian
629. OCAMPO, Christopher Louie
630. OCAMPO, Gilbert Paolo
631. OCAMPO, Riza Lyn
632. OFANDA, Adonis
633. OLAVERE, Albert
634. OLYMPIA, Abrame-lionel Gamaliel
635. OMOLON, Maila Giselle
636. ONA, Kristel Concepcion
637. ONG, Tracy Anne
638. OPINION, Richard
639. OPOSA, Juan Antonio
640. OPSIMA, Gayle
641. ORAL, Daniel Martin
642. ORATE, Danessa Fayne
643. ORBETA, Frances Grace Allyana
644. ORBITA, Chona
645. ORDOÑEZ, Jaclyn Anne
646. ORTIZ, Edison
647. OSORIO, Rolant Andrie
648. PABLICO, Maria Asuncion
649. PABLICO, My Kristia
650. PACASEM, Ubaida
651. PADER-VILLANUEVA, Carmina Agnes
652. PADILLA, Albert
653. PADILLA JR., Victor
654. PADOGA, Dean Martin
655. PAGADOR, Winston
656. PAGALILAUAN, Edison James
657. PAGLICAWAN, Maria Angelica
658. PALENCIA-UYTENGSU, Maida Joy
659. PALLA, Bartolome
660. PALOMAR, Sunshine
661. PALU-AY, Matias Monico
662. PANA, Melbourne Ziro
663. PANGANIBAN, Victoria
664. PANTIG, Hazel
665. PARADO, Lovely Myrrh
666. PAREJA, Judiel
667. PARUBRUB, Christina
668. PARUNGAO, Ronald
669. PASION, Roseann Claudine
670. PATAUEG, JR., Nicolas
671. PATIÑO, Erica Christel
672. PAVON, Teddy Edmund
673. PAYUMO, Margielyn
674. PAZZIUAGAN, Cheska Ann
675. PEDROSA, JR., Jose Aaron
676. PEGALAN, Ricky Heart
677. PELAEZ, Lawrence Leo
678. PELANDAS, Bryan
679. PELINIO, Norman
680. PELOBELLO, JR., Herminio
681. PERALTA, Romark
682. PERANDOS, Katty Jean Lourdes
683. PERAS, Phoebeth
684. PERDITO, Kristine Jane
685. PEREDO-MILLAN, Cynthia Lyn
686. PEREGRINO-CO, Jaydee
687. PEREZ, Alexander Brian
688. PEREZ, Lilibeth
689. PERNITES, Russel
690. PEÑADA, Joanna May
691. PICZON, Edson
692. PILAR, Sir Achilles
693. PIMENTEL, Joanna Pauline
694. PINILI, Richard
695. PIÑON, Joseph Carlo
696. PLAZA, Leslie Mae
697. PLAZO, Joseph
698. PRADO, Carlos Manuel
699. PRINCIPIO, Pearl Lizza
700. PROCHINA, Mary Avon
701. PUA, Alvin Greg
702. PUA, Moses Eleazar
703. PUERTO, Basil
704. PUGUON, Jener
705. QUESADA, Michael
706. QUEZADA, Peter Paul
707. QUIACHON, Nea Cecille
708. QUIAMBAO, Reinier
709. QUIBO, Grace May
710. QUIBRANZA, Lorraine Anne
711. QUILATES, Donelle Jay
712. QUIMPO, Andro Julio
713. QUINAGORAN, Fidelis Victorino
714. QUINTOS, Beverly Anne
715. QUISUMBING, Julia Francesca
716. RADAZA, Eirah
717. RAFAEL, Marq Azeus
718. RAMEL, Christopher
719. RAMOS, Agatha Kristy
720. RAMOS, Billy James
721. RAMOS, Dave
722. RAMOS, Maridelle
723. RAMOS, Raymond
724. RASO, Karl Vincent
725. RAVELO, Zaide
726. RAYMUNDO, Vir Celito
727. RECIERDO, Mark Francis
728. RECIO, Albee Alliana
729. RECTO, Mark Alvin
730. REMOLACIO, Emmanuel
731. REPOLLO-UY, Alnessa Thea
732. REVALDE, Jeser
733. REVILLA, JR., Rodrigo
734. REYES, Clarisse
735. REYES, Jaymie Ann
736. REYES, Jose Antonio
737. REYES, Maryann Agnes Jertez
738. REYES, Misheil
739. RICAFLANCA, Leizl
740. RICAZA, Michelle Marie
741. RIGODON, Lou Diane
742. RILLERA, Jobert
743. RIVERA, Joonee Randyl
744. ROA-OARDE, Dianne Marie
745. ROBLES, Edgar Michael
746. ROBLES, Sunshine
747. ROCHA, Robert Angelo
748. RODRIGUEZ, Miracle Anne
749. ROJO, Jane Catherine
750. ROLEDA, Danell Lenard
751. ROMEA, George Michael
752. ROMERO, Allan
753. ROMUALDO, Xavier Jesus
754. RONDAL, Jaye Loren
755. ROSALES, Vicente Rafael
756. ROXAS, Juan Paolo
757. RUBINO, Junald
758. RUDAS, Vincent
759. SABADO, Joseph Mario
760. SABAS, Lloyd Francis
761. SABAUPAN, Flor Angela
762. SABORNAY, Ricky
763. SABORNIDO, Noemi
764. SAGARIO, Leo Angelo
765. SAJONIA, Louie
766. SALARZON, Henry Claude Roy
767. SALAZAR, Jerome
768. SALAZAR, Patrick Henry
769. SALCEDO, Anna
770. SALCEDO-PUDPUD, Debbie Love
771. SALEM-INES, Chermibelle
772. SALENDAB, Ayla Herazade
773. SALLIDAO, Eric
774. SALVA, Carlo Emmanuel
775. SALVANI, A.d. Vincent Iv
776. SAMACO, Leo Bernard
777. SAMSON, Martin Luigi
778. SAN DIEGO, JR., Virgilio
779. SAN PEDRO, Leila Grace
780. SANCHEZ, Janer
781. SANCHEZ, Marie Yasmin
782. SANDOVAL, Camhella
783. SANDOVAL, Josephine Grace
784. SANDRINO, Maureen Grace
785. SANGGACALA, Naima
786. SANTAMARIA, Dindo
787. SANTIAGO, Dulce Corazon
788. SANTIAGO, Jefferson
789. SANTIAGO, Philippe Emile
790. SANTOS, Alexander
791. SANTOS, Ana Lorraine
792. SANTOS, Aurelia Beatrice
793. SANTOS, Hanzel
794. SANTOS, Joel
795. SANTOS, Joel
796. SANTOS, Joel Enrico
797. SANTOS, Juan Paolo
798. SANTOS, Karichi
799. SANTOS, Kathleen Mae
800. SANTOS, Melissa Christina
801. SARABOSQUEZ, Justine Keith
802. SARANGAYA, JR., Ismael
803. SARI, Jayson
804. SARONA, JR., Isidro
805. SAYSON, Charlotte Lyza
806. SAZON, Ser Christian
807. SEE, Candice Faye
808. SELLEZA, Suzy Claire
809. SERCADO, Marie Arcie Anne
810. SERENIO, Darlon
811. SERENO, Jose Lorenzo
812. SIA, Emmanuel
813. SIADEN, Nathaniel
814. SIASON-VILLA, Belinda
815. SINGCO, Jamee
816. SINGZON, Maria Eloisa Imelda
817. SIRON, Monica Leonila
818. SISON, Juvin
819. SO, Jelani Carlo
820. SO, Kristina Carmela
821. SOBREPEÑA, Deborah Miriam
822. SOCO, Patrina
823. SOCRATES, Louie
824. SOLEJON, Franie
825. SOLIDON, Ed Rowland
826. SOLIVEN, Jan Vincent
827. SOMOROSTRO, Genaro
828. SORIANO, Raymond Adrian
829. SORIANO, Sarah
830. SORIASO, Louresse Patricia Jane
831. SPALDING, Donn Robert
832. STA. BARBARA, Jesus Erick
833. SUAREZ, Roberto Paolo
834. SUAREZ, Shiela May
835. SULIT, Dioxenos
836. SUMAGAYSAY, Laser Blitz
837. SUMAOY, Dexter Rey
838. SUMIBCAY, Dexter Caesar
839. SUROPIA, Fehma
840. SY, Clarence
841. TABALON, Leonard Lyle
842. TABLADILLO, Stephanie
843. TADIQUE, Roxanne
844. TAGANAS, Olivia
845. TAGUBA, Jezreel Caridad
846. TAGUIAM, Christa Maria
847. TAIB, Najeeb
848. TALLEDO, Harold Christian
849. TAMAYO, Maribel
850. TAMONDONG, Mark Lester
851. TAMONDONG, JR., Eddie
852. TAN, Cheryl Bevin
853. TAN, Maria Theresa
854. TAN, Talitha Renee
855. TANCINCO, Rafael Lorenzo
856. TANCINCO, Roy Shaun
857. TANGCO, Karen Kreez
858. TANSINGCO, Samira Nimfa
859. TANUNTANUM, Erik
860. TAPIA, Mayette
861. TATLONGHARI, Renel
862. TAYHOPON, Kristoffer Ryan
863. TE, Justine
864. TECSON, Janna Mae
865. TEEHANKEE, Ryan Christopher
866. TELAN, John Benedict
867. TINAGAN, James Michael Vincent
868. TING, Camille Sue Mae
869. TIOPIANCO, Francis Paolo
870. TOBIAS, Ana Patricia
871. TOLENTINO, Arc Aldrin
872. TORREFLORES-ALIAN, Connie
873. TORRENTIRA, Rosalio
874. TORRES, Phillip
875. TORRES, Reyjie
876. TRASPORTO, Jose Donel
877. TUGADI, Marifem
878. TUMANDA, Jansyl Lovan
879. TUPAZ, Kristine
880. TUTAAN, Tyrone
881. TY, Evita Grace
882. UBERITA, Joan
883. UDDIN, Zalman
884. URSUA, Melissa Asuncion
885. USON, Adriana Alexis
886. UY, Johan Christian
887. UY, Kim Raisa
888. UY, Rhea
889. VALAQUIO, Ma. Ailyne
890. VALDEZ, Cristina
891. VALDEZ, Maia Chiara Halmen Reina
892. VALDEZ, JR., Edgar
893. VALENCIA, David Evelio
894. VALENTIN, Charmaine
895. VALENTON, Johvie
896. VALERA, Stephen Russel Keith
897. VARGAS, Jacqueline
898. VARGAS, Mona Angela
899. VARON, Iniego Carl
900. VELASCO, Ethelene
901. VELASCO, Lady Ivy Vanity
902. VELOSO, III, Marcelino
903. VENTURA, Mary Grace
904. VENTURA, Ruby Ann
905. VENZUELA, Kristine Ann
906. VERCIDE-LUNA, Jocelyn
907. VERTULFO-ARBOLE, Jovilly Donna
908. VESTIL, Rosalita
909. VICENTE, Nilda
910. VIERNES, JR., Celestino
911. VILLACORTE, Audrey Eunize
912. VILLALOBOS, Melchor
913. VILLALON, Albert Angelo
914. VILLANO, Sheela
915. VILLANUEVA, Carlos Joseph
916. VILLANUEVA, Norliza
917. VILLANUEVA, Ralph Christian
918. VILLANUEVA, Roberto
919. VILLANUEVA, Ronn Michael
920. VILLANUEVA, Tiofilo
921. VILLAR, Viferlyn
922. VIRAY, Joshua
923. VIRTUDAZO, Rilven Christian
924. VIÑAS, Sheiryl
925. WACQUISAN, Ma. Tilde Titina
926. WHITE, Charles Jensen
927. WIEDMER, Patrick Heinz
928. WONG, Joyce Anne
929. YAM, Mark Benjamin
930. YANG, Alarice
931. YANKEE, Jimson
932. YAO, Jacqueline Anne
933. YAP, Cherrylin
934. YAP, Shan Yran
935. YAU, Weny
936. YLADE, Donna Frances
937. YMAS, Priscilla Mae
938. YODICO, II, Rodolfo
939. YOUNG, Michael Wilson
940. YU, Diane Cecilia
941. YU, Stephen
942. ZABALA, Mark Louie
943. ZAFRA, Yolanda
944. ZAMBRANO, Gino Antonio
945. ZAMORAS-VIRTUDAZO, Luz
946. ZAPANTA, Arthur Imanuel
947. ZARAGOZA, Anicka Nicoli
948. ZARENO, Jewelynn Gay
949. ZERNA, Adelaine Faith

2012 Bar Exam Result is out now March 20, 2013

2013-03-20T12:12:00.002+08:00

Conflicts of Law Terminology

2013-01-22T16:54:00.000+08:00

Provided hereinbelow are some terms and their definition/discussion commonly used in Conflicts of Law:

Lex Domicilii - law of the domicile; in conflicts, the law of one's domicile applied in the choice of law questions

Lex Fori - law of the forum; that is, the positive law of the state, country or jurisdiction of whose judicial system of the court where the suit is brought or remedy is sought is an integral part. Substantive rights are determined by the law where the action arose (lex loci) while the procedural rights are governed by the law of the place of the forum (lex fori)

Lex Loci - law of the place

Lex Loci Contractus - the law of the place where the contract was made or law of the place where the contract is to be governed (place of performance) which may or may not be the same as that of the place where it was made

Lex Loci Rei Sitae - law of the place where the thing or subject matter is situated; the title to realty or question of real estate law can be affected only by the law of the place where it is situated

Lex Situs - law of the place where property is situated; the general rule is that lands and other immovables are governed by the law of the state where they are situated

Lex Loci Actus - law of the place where the act was done

Lex Loci Celebrationis - law of the place where the contract is made

Lex Loci Solutionis - law of the place of solution; the law of the place where payment or performance of a contract is to be made

Lex Loci Delicti Commissi - law of the place where the crime took place

Lex Mereatoria - law merchant; commercial law; that system of laws which is adopted by all commercial nations and constitute as part of the law of the land; part of common law

Lex Non Scripta - the unwritten common law, which includes general and particular customs and particular local laws

Lex Patriae - national law

Renvoi Doctrine - doctrine whereby a jural matter is presented which the conflict of laws rules of the forum refer to a foreign law which in turn, refers the matter back to the law of the forum or a third state. When reference is made back to the law of the forum, this is said to be "remission" while reference to a third state is called "transmission."

Nationality Theory - by virtue of which the status and capacity of an individual are generally governed by the law of his nationality. This is principally adopted in the RP

Domiciliary Theory - in general, the status, condition, rights, obligations, & capacity of a person should be governed by the law of his domicile.

Long Arm Statutes - Statutes allowing the courts to exercise jurisdiction when there are minimum contacts between the non-resident defendant and the forum.

Primer On Warehouse Receipt

2013-01-18T16:46:00.000+08:00

A warehouse receipt is a written acknowledgement by a warehouseman that he has received and held certain goods therein described in store for the person to whom it is issued.

A warehouseman is the person lawfully engaged in the business of storing goods for compensation for such service.

To whom delivered:

Upon demand made by the holder of the receipt or depositor provided such demand is accompanied by:

1. an offer to satisfy warehouseman's lien;

2. an offer to surrender receipt; and

3. a readiness and willingness to sign. (Sec. 8)

Kinds:

Negotiable - if deliverable to order or to bearer;

Non-negotiable - if deliverable to a specified person it must be stamped, otherwise warehouseman is liable to person believing it to be negotiable.

Conflicting Claims - remedy of a warehouseman is to file an action for interpleader.

Warehouseman's Lien - this is effective on the goods deposited which operate as a retaining lien until his charges are paid. The lien is lost (a) by surrender of goods, and (b) refusal to deliver goods when demand is proper.

Remedies Available to Warehouseman to Enforce his Warehouseman's Lien:

1. To refuse to deliver the goods until his lien is satisfied.

2. To sell the goods and apply the proceeds thereof to the value of the lien.

3. To institute an action for collection judicially.

Lawful Reasons or Justifications for a warehouseman's refusal to Deliver the Goods:

1. The conditions prescribed in Sec. 8 of Art. 2137 was not satisfied by the holder of the receipt.

2. The warehouseman has legal title in himself on the goods either through transfer or satisfaction of warehouseman's lien.

3. The warehouseman has legally set-up the title or right of third persons as lawful defense for non-delivery of goods.

4. The warehouseman has a lien valid against the person claiming the goods.

5. The failure was not due to any fault on the part of the warehouseman such as calamity and fortuitous event.

Distinction between Negotiable Instrument and Negotiable Warehouse Receipt

1. as to alteration – negotiable instrument becomes null and void while negotiable warehouse receipt is still valid but enforceable only in accordance with its original tenor.

2. if originally payable to bearer - in negotiable instrument it will always remain payable to bearer regardless of the way it is endorsed, whether specially or in blank while in negotiable warehouse receipt if it is payable to bearer endorsed specially, it will be converted into receipt deliverable to order and can only be negotiated further by endorsement and delivery.

3. as to rights of holder - in negotiable instrument, a holder in due course may be able to obtain the title better than which the party negotiated the instrument to him had, while in negotiable warehouse receipt, the endorsee, even if holder in due course, obtains only such title as the person negotiating had over the goods.

Validity and Effect of Legacy and Devise

2013-01-17T15:43:00.000+08:00

Validity and Effect of Legacy/Devise

Thing owned in part by testator (Article 929)

General Rule: Conveys only interest or part owned by testator

Exception: if testator otherwise provides –

a. He may convey more than what he owns - the state shld try to acquire the part or interest owned by other parties. If other parties are unwilling to alienate, the estate should give the legatee/devisee the monetary equivalent (analogy with Article 931)

b. He may convey less than what he owns (Article 794)

Thing owned by another (Articles 930-931)

General Rule:

a. If testator ordered acquisition of the thing - the order should be complied with. If the owner is unwilling to part with the thing, the legatee/devisee should be given the monetary equivalent

b. If testator erroneously believed that the thing belonged to him - legacy/device is void

Exception: if testator acquire the thing onerously or gratuitously after making of the disposition, disposition is validated

c. If testator knew that the thing did not belong to him but did not order its acquisition - code is silent but disposition shld be considered valid (Balane & Tolentino) - there is an implied order to acquire & doubts must be resolved in favor of intestacy

Thing already owned to the legatee/devisee (Articles 932-933)	a. If thing already belonged to legatee/devisee at time of execution of will – legacy/devise is void b. If thing was owned by another person at time of making the will and thereafter it is acquired by legatee/devisee – 1. If testator erroneously believed that he owned the thing – legacy /devise is void 2. If testator was not in error - i. If thing was acquired onerously by legatee/devisee, the legatee/devisee is entitled to be reimbursed ii. If thing was acquired gratuitously by legatee/devisee – nothing is due iii. If thing was owned by testator at time will was made and legatee/devisee acquired the thing from him thereafter – law is silent (Balane: deemed revoked)
Legacy/Devise to remove an encumbrance over a thing belonging to testator (Article 932 par 2)	Valid, if the encumbrance can be removed for a consideration
Legacy/Devise of a thing pledged or mortgaged (Article 934)	The encumbrance must be removed by paying the debt unless the testator intended otherwise