Learn C plus plus

A program to calculate Sum and Product

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 22 May 2015 10:30:00 +0000

This program shows how to calculate the sum and product of two value.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n1, n2 , s, p;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the first value "<<endl;
cin>>n1;
cout<<Enter the Second value "<<endl;
cin>>n2;

s=n1+n2;
p=n1*n2;
cout<<"The sum of two Values = "<<s<<endl;
cout<<"The Product of Two values = "<<p<<endl;
getch();
}

The " endl " Manipulator

The "endl" stands for end of line. It has same effect as the escape sequence "\n" and also
this is a predefined ' iostream.h 'manipulator.

For example

cout<<"Enter the first value \n";

is equivalent to:

cout<<"Enter the first value "<<endl;

-| Maisam Afshar |

Writing c ++ program

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 21 May 2015 08:13:00 +0000

The source code of c ++ program is stored on the disk with " cpp " extension (cpp stand c plus plus). The program is stored in a text file on the disk. Any text editor can be used to write and edit C++ source code.

The C++ compiler translates a C++ program into the machine code. the machine code is called object code which is stored in a new file with the ".obj" extension.

The object code is then linked to the libraries. After linking the object code to the libraries, an executable file with extension ".exe" is created. The executable program is then run from operating system command line.

For example a source code of program in C++ is written and stored in file First.cpp, After compilation the object code is saved in file First.obj and executable code is stored in file First .exe.

Written by: | Learn C plus plus | - @Maisam Afshar

Creativity is not a hobby

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 10 May 2015 15:24:00 +0000

steve Jobs, Bill Gates Quotes

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 06 May 2015 06:17:00 +0000

There's no limit for dreams and achievements unless you believe it.
“If you can’t make it good, at least make it look good.”
“Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.”
“‘I don’t know’ has become ‘I don’t know yet’.”
You can't have a light without a dark to stick it in.
“Quality is much better than quantity. One home run is much better than two doubles.”
It's fine to celebrate success but it is more important to heed the lessons of failure.
If you think your teacher is tough, wait until you get a boss.

First c++ Program-Hello World!

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 27 Apr 2015 16:41:00 +0000

As we have already discussed enough about basic c++ introduction, and also about the Syntax of a c++ program so now we are ready to start our first programming example. The very first program which is very easy and also used widely in learning a programming language; writing a single phrase on the screen. First i present you the code , and then i will discuss what it actually means.

#include<iostream.h>
void main ()
{
cout <<" Hello World! ";
}

The first line tells the compiler that we want to link the iostream.h library to our program. A Library is a kind of repository that stores codes, called functions, which we can use. They also store variables and operators. The “iostream.h “Library contains code that allows us to use output and input statements.

The second line “Void main () “indicates the beginning of a C++ program. The function “main ()” must be included in every C++ program. When a C++ program is executed, the control goes directly to the “main ()” function. The statements within this function are the main body of the C++ program. If main () function is not included, the program is not compiled and an error message will be generated.

The third line of the code is the starting of actual programming cod, which is also called code block. Everything inside those braces ({}) are read and translated by the compiler, we always need this starting “{“ in our codes, if not nothing will happen, and it would be useless.

The Fourth line of the code is the actual statement that we want to output or show on the screen, For that we need to use some codes which is already stored inside iostream.h that we have already discussed. The cout sends output to the computer screen that we have discussed it in earlier post.

At the end of the following topic you may find more about" Cout".

Check it here ---- > The "cout"object-output stream

This ( << ) is called an operator which means output and together with cout , it means send output the following to the screen. The “Hello World! “Is called a string. A String is a sequence of characters which are shown and enclosed inside double quotation marks.

Note: This line ends with semicolon (;) which represents the ending of this statement, and if not used the program won’t be compiled.

In the last you have to use that closing braces (}) which shows the ending of the code blocks ,if not used the program won’t be compiled.

Now you may compile your source program.
Important: If your program closes straight away, you may use” getch(); “ function before the closing of the programming block to stop the output on the screen.

If you’re having any difficulty you may ask It in the comment section.

Written by : Maisam Afshar

If ( thirsty==true)

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 16 Apr 2015 02:24:00 +0000

Structure of C++ Program

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 12 Apr 2015 22:30:00 +0000

A C++ Program consists of three main parts, These are:

Preprocessor Directives
The main () Function
C++ Statements

Preprocessor Directives:

The instructions that are given to the compiler before the beginning of the actual program are called preprocessor directives. These are also known as compiler directives.

These directives normally start with a number sign # and keyword "include" or "define ". Preprocessor directives are used to include header files in the program.

Header file :

Header file is a C++ source file that contains definition of library functions . Header files are added into program at the time of compilation of the program. A header file is added if the function /object defined in it is to be used in the program.

The preprocessor directive “include” is used to add a header file into the program. The name of file is written in angle bracket < > after “# include” directive. It can also be written in double quotes.

C++ has a large number of header files in which library functions are defined. The header file must be included in the program before calling its functions in the program.

A single header file may contain a large number of built in library functions.

For example ,the header file iostream.h has definition of different built in input output objects and functions.

main function

The “main ()” function indicates the beginning of a C++ program.

The “main()” must be included in every C++ program.

When a C++ program is executed, the control goes directly to the main() function.

The statements within this function are the main body of the C++ program.

•If main() function is not included, the program is not compiled and an error message is generated .

The syntax of main() function is :
main ()

{

program statement….

}

Basic Input/Output Statement

Input Statement: Those statements which are used to get data and then assign it to variables are known as input statements,

Output Statements : Those statements which are used to receive data from the computer memory and then send it to the output devices are called output statements.

The "cout"object-output stream

The "cout" is pronounced as ‘see out’. The ’cout’ stands for console output. The console represents the computer display screen. The ‘cout’ is a c++ predefined object, it is used as an output statement to display output on the computer screen and it is a part of "iostream" header file.

Stream :flow of data from one location to another is called stream.

The ‘ cout ’ is standard output stream in c++.
This stream sends the output to the computer screen.

Syntax of "Cout"

cout<<constant/variable;

‘cout ‘ is name of output stream object.

‘<<‘ insertion operator , separates variable, constants.

The string constant are given in a double quotation marks.

numeric constants , variables and expressions are without quotation marks.

Written & Edited by: Learn C Plus Plus- (Maisam Afshar)

Inspirations: Yesterday you said Tomorrow

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 11 Apr 2015 18:01:00 +0000

Linus Torvalds: Most good programmers

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 11 Apr 2015 17:33:00 +0000

Mark Zuckerberg :My number one advice is

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 11 Apr 2015 17:21:00 +0000

Martin Fowler: Any fool can write code

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 11 Apr 2015 17:07:00 +0000

Steve Jobs: I was worth over $ 1.000.000 when

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 11 Apr 2015 16:42:00 +0000

Differences between C and C++:

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 11 Apr 2015 09:30:00 +0000

C++ is derived from the C language. C is a structured language , while C++ is an object oriented language.
Dennis Ritchie developed C in 1970, while Bjarne stroustrup developed C++ in the early 1980 at Bell Laboratories.
C++ is an object-oriented version of C. Object-oriented programming involves concepts that are new to programmers of traditional languages such as BASIC, Pascal and C.
It's goal is clear , it's more rliable and programs can be maintained easily.

As compare to C, C++ has many features like improved approach to input/output and a new way to write comments.

C++ inherits much of the efficiency of C language , as well as the readability and ease of writing programs.
C++ supports the concept of encapsulation and data hiding through the creation of user-define types, called Classes.
C++ supports the polymorphism concept.
("Polymorphism means to create multiple definitions for operators and functions.")

Compiled by: Learn C Plus Plus - (Maisam Afshar)

What is C++ ?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 10 Apr 2015 15:34:00 +0000

C++ is pronounced "C-Plus-Plus."ˈsiː plʌs plʌs/ it is an object oriented programming (OOP) language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, and is an extension of C language. therefore it is possible to code C++ in a "C style" or "object-oriented style." In certain scenarios, it can be coded in either way and is thus an effective example of a hybrid language.

C++ is a general purpose object oriented programming language. It is considered to be an intermediate level language, as it encapsulates both high and low level language features. Initially, the language was called 'C with classes’ as it had all properties of C language with an additional concept of 'classes’. However, it was renamed to C++ in 1983.

Compiled by: Learn C Plus Plus

Translators

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 10 Apr 2015 03:52:00 +0000

We mainly have two kinds of Translators.

Compilers
Interpreters

Translation Process :

Translation of a program has mainly 3 stages , which are below.

Source Program / code

Compiler / Interpreter

Target Program / Code

Source Program :

The program we write in English language using the editor is called Source program. This program is given to the compiler for translation.

==> Read about compiler in this link===> Compiler / Interpreter

Target Program :
The program produced by the compiler after translating the source program is called target program. This program is in binary form.

Target Program is also sometimes called machine language. By Machine language we mean the language of the processor. Every processor has it’s own language.

Written by : Learn C Plus Plus

Translation process

Definition of Binary code

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 23 Dec 2014 10:30:00 +0000

Definition of Binary code

As I said before that now a days all programs are high language and we need a software to translate them to computer language or " Binary Language " so now i am going to explain what a Binary Language is :

Introduction

All data in a computer system consists of binary information. Binary means there are only two possible values: zero and one.

Computer software translates between binary information and the information you actually work with on a computer, such as decimal numbers, texts, photos, sound and video.

Binary information is sometimes also referred to "machine language" since it represents the most fundamental level of information stored in a computer system.

At a physical level, the zero and ones are stored in the central processing unit of a computer system using transistors.

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.

it means If a current passes through the transistor (the switch is closed), this represents a one (1). If a current doesn't pass through (the switch is open), this represents a zero (0).

No matter where your data is stored, all digital data at the most fundamental level consists of zeros and ones. In order to make you understand of this binary information, a Binary notation method is needed.

Binary Notation :

Each binary digit is known for short as a bit. One bit can only be used to represent two different values: 0 and 1. To represent more than two values, we need to use multiple bits.

in general (n) bits can be used to 2 express (n) different values.

Example of a standard binary Code

Decimal Number	Binary Number
0	0
1	1
2	10
3	11
4	100
5	101
6	110
7	111
8	1000
9	1001
10	1010

Binary codes for Decimal numbers 0 to 10

The same logic used to represent numbers can be used to represent text.
What we need is a coding scheme, similar to the binary notation example for the numbers zero to ten. How many characters do we need to represent text? The English language includes 26 letters.
Upper and lower case have to be treated separately, so that makes 52 unique characters. We also need characters to represent punctuation, numeric digits and special characters. A basic set may only need about 100 characters or so, very much like the keys on a keyboard, but what about different languages that use a different script? All the characters we want to represent are known as a character set. Several standard character sets have been developed over the years, including ASCII and Unicode

Translation into Binary Language :

Procedure :

To translate a decimal number into binary form,
1. Start writing numbers from the right side. Start from "1" and multiply each digit by "2" to get the next number.
2. Write “1” under all those numbers whose sum is equal to the given number. Then write “0” under the rest of numbers.

Example : Translation of 9 into Binary form

Units for Binary Data

Bit : A single binary digit is called bit. i.e. 1 or 0.

Nibble : Collection of four bits in called nibble.

Byte : Collection of eight bits is called byte.

Unit Conversion

To convert Bits into Bytes , divide number of bits by 8

i.e. 64 Bits = 8 Bytes	64/8 = 8

To convert Bytes into Bits , multiply number of Bytes by 8.

i.e. 3 Bytes = 24 Bits	3*8 = 24

Bigger Units

1 Kilo Byte = 1024 Bytes
1 Mega Byte = 1024 Kilo Bytes
1 Giga Byte = 1024 Mega Bytes
1 Terra Byte = 1024 Giga Bytes

Main components of most Programming Languages

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 18 Dec 2014 16:38:00 +0000

What are main components of most programming Languages ?!

Answer :

Compiler
Interpreter
Editor

What is Compiler ?

Answer : A compiler is a computer program that transforms the source program to target program

Or

Compiler is a software which translates the entire computer program at once and if no error is found it executes it.

What is an Interpreter ?

Answer : A software which translates the program line by line and then executes it.

what is an Editor ?

Answer : Editor is a computer program that facilitates the deletion or insertion of data within information already stored in a computer

Or

A software where we type/write or create our Program..

Why do we need Translators ?

Answer : Now-a-days most of the languages are high level language and C++ is also a high level language.
Every statement in high level language is written in English and Computers only speak and understand binary language.

So we need a translator which can translate the English language into binary language.

Binary language consists of only two digits “0” and “1”

What Are Programming Languages ?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 17 Dec 2014 09:52:00 +0000

Hello Everyone This is my first post on this blog !

Before starting the C++ , we should have some information about " Programming Languages ".

In here i will shortly point out about Programming Languages so..

? Q1 . What is a programming Language

Answer : Programming Language Is a special computer language used to create softwares.

-The programming languages are sometimes roughly called royal languages

Every statement in a programming language is actually a command to the computer

The first programming language ever created was called “Ada”.

? Q2: How many levels or categories are there in programming Language

Answer : There are Three level of Programming Language :

1. >Low-level-languages.

2.Mid-Level-Languages.

3. High Level Languages.

? Q3. What are " Low Level Languages " >

Answer : Low level languages are those languages in which the programs are written in machine/binary language. E.g. Ada

? Q4: What are " Mid-Level-Languages "

Answer : Mid level languages are those languages in which programs are written in 80% English and 20 % binary form. E.g. assembly

? Q5 . What are High Level Languages

Answer : High level languages are those languages in which programs are written completely in English language. E.g. C++, VB, Java ,ASP , PHP...

Stay in touch for other posts :)

Learn C plus plus

A program to calculate Sum and Product

The " endl " Manipulator

Writing c ++ program

Creativity is not a hobby

steve Jobs, Bill Gates Quotes

First c++ Program-Hello World!

If ( thirsty==true)

Structure of C++ Program

Header file :

{

program statement….

}

Basic Input/Output Statement

Input Statement: Those statements which are used to get data and then assign it to variables are known as input statements, Output Statements : Those statements which are used to receive data from the computer memory and then send it to the output devices are called output statements.

The "cout"object-output stream

The "cout" is pronounced as ‘see out’. The ’cout’ stands for console output. The console represents the computer display screen. The ‘cout’ is a c++ predefined object, it is used as an output statement to display output on the computer screen and it is a part of "iostream" header file.

Syntax of "Cout"

cout<<constant/variable;

‘cout ‘ is name of output stream object.

‘<<‘ insertion operator , separates variable, constants.

The string constant are given in a double quotation marks. numeric constants , variables and expressions are without quotation marks. Written & Edited by: Learn C Plus Plus- (Maisam Afshar)

Inspirations: Yesterday you said Tomorrow

Linus Torvalds: Most good programmers

Mark Zuckerberg :My number one advice is

Martin Fowler: Any fool can write code

Steve Jobs: I was worth over $ 1.000.000 when

Differences between C and C++:

What is C++ ?

Translators

Translation Process :

Source Program / code

Compiler / Interpreter

Target Program / Code

Source Program :

The program we write in English language using the editor is called Source program. This program is given to the compiler for translation.

Definition of Binary code

Definition of Binary code

Introduction

Binary Notation :

Translation into Binary Language :

Units for Binary Data

Nibble : Collection of four bits in called nibble.

Unit Conversion

Bigger Units

Main components of most Programming Languages

What Are Programming Languages ?

Hello Everyone This is my first post on this blog !

Input Statement: Those statements which are used to get data and then assign it to variables are known as input statements,

Output Statements : Those statements which are used to receive data from the computer memory and then send it to the output devices are called output statements.

The string constant are given in a double quotation marks.

numeric constants , variables and expressions are without quotation marks.

Written & Edited by: Learn C Plus Plus- (Maisam Afshar)