computer center

Guided Computer Tutorials Learning Microsoft® PowerPoint® 2007

2010-12-17T04:03:00.000-08:00

Learning Microsoft PowerPoint 2007

Contents

Chapter 1: Getting Started With PowerPoint
Starting a Presentation..............................................................................................1-1
The Microsoft PowerPoint Screen.........................................................................1-2
The Office Button............................................................................................ 1-2
The Quick Access Toolbar............................................................................. 1-2
The Ribbon......................................................................................................... 1-3
Zoom Controls..............................................................................................................1-5
Creating the Title Slide...............................................................................................1-5
Entering the Company Name..................................................................... 1-5
Formatting Text Using the Mini-Toolbar................................................. 1-6
Formatting Text Using the Ribbon............................................................ 1-7
Moving the Placeholder................................................................................ 1-9
Entering the Sub-Title Text........................................................................... 1-9
Saving the Presentation..............................................................................1-11
Adding a Background to the Slide..........................................................1-11
Creating a Second Slide.........................................................................................1-12
Inserting the New Slide...............................................................................1-12
Entering the Title...........................................................................................1-13
Entering the Points.......................................................................................1-14
Previewing the Presentation................................................................................1-16
Looking at the Slides....................................................................................1-16
Starting the Slide Show...............................................................................1-16
Slide Outlines.............................................................................................................1-18
Other View Buttons..................................................................................................1-19
Presentations Assignment 1.............................................................1-२०

Chapter 2: Using Graphics in Slides
Loading the Presentation.........................................................................................2-1
Creating the New Slide..............................................................................................2-1
Selecting the Slide Layout........................................................................................2-2
Entering the Slide Title...............................................................................................2-2
Inserting a Clip Art Image........................................................................................2-3
Resizing the Image......................................................................................................2-4
Adding Text to the Slide............................................................................................2-5
Previewing the Presentation...................................................................................2-7
Adding Another Image to the Presentation......................................................2-7
Adding Lines to the Slide..........................................................................................2-8
Line Styles.......................................................................................................... 2-9
Line Colours....................................................................................................... 2-9
Three-Dimensional Effects.........................................................................2-10
Adding Photos to Slides.........................................................................................2-11
Selecting the Slide Layout..........................................................................2-11
Entering the Title...........................................................................................2-12
Adding the Text..............................................................................................2-13
Adding a Photo..............................................................................................2-13
Inserting Another Photo.............................................................................2-15
Editing Text......................................................................................................2-16
Presentations Assignment 2.............................................................2-17

Chapter 3: Using Transitions
Loading the Presentation.........................................................................................3-1
Applying a Transition to One Slide........................................................................3-1
Slide Sorter View..........................................................................................................3-3
Altering the Order of Slides.....................................................................................3-3
Applying Transitions to Multiple Slides...............................................................3-4
Presentations Assignment 3............................................................... 3-

Chapter 4: Animation Effects
Loading the Presentation.........................................................................................4-1
Animating Text.............................................................................................................4-1
Text Entrance..................................................................................................... 4-1
Animating Just One Text Point................................................................... 4-4
Animating Words and Letters..................................................................... 4-6
Changing Animation Effects....................................................................................4-7
Removing Effects.........................................................................................................4-9
Animating Images....................................................................................................4-10
The First Image...............................................................................................4-10
The Second Image........................................................................................4-12
Exit Animations.........................................................................................................4-14
Changing the Animation Order..........................................................................4-16
Looping Animations................................................................................................4-16
Exercise 4-1.................................................................................................................4-17
Preset Animations....................................................................................................4-18
Adjusting Preset Animations................................................................................4-19
Presentations Assignment 4.............................................................4-20

Chapter 5: Adding Movie Clips to Slides

Loading the Presentation.........................................................................................5-1
Creating a New Slide..................................................................................................5-1
Selecting the Layout...................................................................................... 5-1
Entering the Slide Title................................................................................... 5-2
Adding the Text................................................................................................ 5-3
Inserting the Movie Clip................................................................................ 5-4
Adding a Movie Clip Message..................................................................... 5-5
Formatting the Movie Clip.......................................................................................5-7
Presentations Assignment 5............................................................... 5-9

Chapter 6: Adding Diagrams to Slides
Loading the Presentation.........................................................................................6-1
Creating a New Slide..................................................................................................6-1
Selecting the Layout...................................................................................... 6-1
Adding the Title................................................................................................ 6-2
Inserting the Diagram................................................................................................6-2
Entering the Chart Labels.........................................................................................6-3
Deleting Chart Boxes ................................................................................................6-4
Adding More Chart Boxes........................................................................................6-4
Formatting the Diagram...........................................................................................6-6
The Diagram Style........................................................................................... 6-6
Changing the Diagram’s Colours............................................................... 6-7
Adding Effects to the Diagram................................................................... 6-8
Formatting the Diagram’s Text.................................................................... 6-8
Changing the Diagram’s Layout................................................................. 6-9
Presentations Assignment 6.............................................................

Chapter 7: Formatting and Aligning Slide Content
Loading the Presentation.........................................................................................7-1
Creating a New Slide..................................................................................................7-1
Selecting the Layout...................................................................................... 7-1
Entering the Slide Title................................................................................... 7-2
The First Photograph..................................................................................................7-2
Inserting the Photograph............................................................................. 7-2
Adjusting the Shape Height........................................................................ 7-3
Formatting the Photograph........................................................................ 7-3
The Second Photograph...........................................................................................7-4
Inserting the Photograph ............................................................................ 7-4
The Format Painter Tool................................................................................ 7-5
Aligning the Photographs............................................................................ 7-5
The Third Photograph................................................................................................7-6
Inserting the Photograph............................................................................. 7-6
Formatting the Photograph........................................................................ 7-7
Aligning the Photographs............................................................................ 7-8
The Fourth Photograph.............................................................................................7-8
Inserting the Photograph............................................................................. 7-8
Formatting the Photograph........................................................................ 7-9
Aligning the Photographs..........................................................................7-10
Adjusting the Colour of Photographs...............................................................7-12
Presentations Assignment 7.............................................................7-14

Chapter 8: Inserting Tables in Slides
Loading the Presentation.........................................................................................8-1
Selecting the Layout..................................................................................................8-1
Entering the Slide Title...............................................................................................8-2
Adding the Table..........................................................................................................8-2
Entering the Table Items...........................................................................................8-3
The Table Styles............................................................................................................8-3
Formatting the Text....................................................................................................8-4
Column Widths.............................................................................................................8-5
Deleting Rows...............................................................................................................8-7
Adding Cells to the Table..........................................................................................8-8
Borders and Shading..................................................................................................8-9
Changing the Cell Shading.......................................................................... 8-9
Changing the Border Colour.....................................................................8-10
Presentations Assignment 8.............................................................8-11

Chapter 9: Inserting Charts into Slides
Loading the Presentation.........................................................................................9-1
Selecting the Slide Layout........................................................................................9-1
Entering the Slide Title...............................................................................................9-2
Inserting the Chart......................................................................................................9-2
Entering the Chart Data............................................................................................9-4
Editing the Chart.........................................................................................................9-6
Chart Layouts................................................................................................................9-8
Chart Styles....................................................................................................................9-9
Changing the Chart Labels......................................................................................9-9
Changing the Appearance of the Chart...........................................................9-10
Changing the Colour of the Columns....................................................9-10
Changing the Back Wall Colour................................................................9-11
Changing the Scale of the Axes..........................................................................9-12
Other Chart Types....................................................................................................9-13
Animating Charts.....................................................................................................9-14
Presentations Assignment 9.............................................................9-16

Chapter 10: Action Buttons
Loading the Presentation......................................................................................10-1
Navigation Buttons..................................................................................................10-1
The Previous Slide Button..........................................................................10-1
The Next Slide Button..................................................................................10-3
Buttons That Open Specific Slides......................................................................10-4
The Jungle Safaris Button...........................................................................10-4
The Wild River Rides Button.......................................................................10-7
The Other Slides.............................................................................................10-9
Text Buttons..............................................................................................................10-10
Buttons That Play Sounds....................................................................................10-11
Buttons That Open Other Presentations........................................................10-13
Loading the Presentation........................................................................ 10-13
Adding the Button..................................................................................... 10-13
Linking the Button..................................................................................... 10-16
Removing Action Buttons...................................................................................10-19
Presentations Assignment 10.........................................................10-20

Chapter 11: Text Formatting
Loading the Presentation......................................................................................11-1
Creating Sub-Points.................................................................................................11-1
Entering the Text............................................................................................11-1
Setting the Sub-Points.................................................................................11-2
Bullet Formats............................................................................................................11-3
Custom Bullets...........................................................................................................11-5
Turning Bullets Off...................................................................................................11-7
Looking at the Points in Outline View...............................................................11-8
Paragraph Spacing.................................................................................................11-10
The Whole Text............................................................................................ 11-10
Individual Lines........................................................................................... 11-11
Bullet Spacing..........................................................................................................11-12
Turning on the Ruler.................................................................................. 11-12
Adjusting the Indents............................................................................... 11-13
Spell Checking.........................................................................................................11-14
The Format Painter Tool.......................................................................................11-15
Presentations Assignment 11.........................................................11-16

Chapter 12: Self-Running Shows
Loading the Presentation......................................................................................12-1
Setting the PowerPoint Show..............................................................................12-1
Rehearsing the Timings...............................................................................12-1
Looking at the Timings................................................................................12-3
Making the Slide Show Continuous..................................................................12-4
Hiding a Slide ............................................................................................................12-5
Adding a Narrative...................................................................................................12-6
Saving the Presentation as a Show....................................................................12-7
Custom Shows...........................................................................................................12-8
Turning Rehearse Timings Off..............................................................................12-9
Presentations Assignment 12.........................................................12-10

Chapter 13: Delivering Presentations
Loading the Presentation......................................................................................13-1
Screen Tools................................................................................................................13-1
Identifying the Screen Tools......................................................................13-2
Using the Pen Tools.......................................................................................13-2
The Eraser Tool................................................................................................13-4
The Arrow Options........................................................................................13-5
The Slide Options Tool.................................................................................13-6
Speaker Notes............................................................................................................13-7
Using the Notes Page View........................................................................13-7
Using the Notes Master View ...................................................................13-8
Entering the Speaker Notes.................................................................... 13-13
Printing Speaker Notes............................................................................. 13-14
Handout Notes........................................................................................................13-16
Sending Slide Text to a Word Processor.........................................................13-19
Presentations Assignment 13.........................................................13-20

Chapter 14: Slide Masters
Loading the Presentation......................................................................................14-1
Opening the Slide Master View...........................................................................14-1
Looking at the Slide Masters................................................................................14-2
Applying a Theme....................................................................................................14-4
Altering the Formats of Each Slide.....................................................................14-4
The Title Text....................................................................................................14-4
The Text Content............................................................................................14-5
Adding Objects to Slide Masters.........................................................................14-8
Footer Items...............................................................................................................14-9
Presentations Assignment 14.........................................................14-१२

Chapter 15: Useful Features
Loading the Presentation......................................................................................15-1
Help Features.............................................................................................................15-1
Adding a Music Sound Track................................................................................15-4
Inserting a Music File....................................................................................15-4
Formatting the Sound.................................................................................15-5
Adding Movie Clips..................................................................................................15-7
Presentations Assignment 15...........................................................15-8

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USING MICROSOFT ACCESS XP- MANUAL

2010-11-19T11:53:00.000-08:00

What is data?
• Data is made up of text, numbers, images and in some cases sounds which can be
processed or stored by a computer. By itself data might not mean very much. In order to
understand it, it needs to be interpreted (or processed) to become information.
• Information is the meaning given to data by the way in which it is interpreted.
• To illustrate the difference, Murray, 15000 and 10 mean little as data. But if we were
able to interpret them as the name of a salesman, Murray, his annual basic salary of
$15,000 and his commission rate of 10%, it would assume more meaning and could be
called information. This is not necessarily the end of the story as this information could
be included in another set of data and used to provide other information. Alternatively,
the same data could be interpreted in another way.
• It is often helpful to think of data as the raw ingredients of a recipe which when
processed and mixed in different amounts by differing techniques produce different
results.

What is a database?

• A simple definition of a database is:
A structured collection of related data about one or more subjects.
In normal daily life we make frequent use of databases, and probably don’t realise it.
Here are a number of simple examples:
- The telephone directory
- Bus or train timetable
- Personal address book
- Filing कैबिनेट

What is a relational database?

• A simple relational database, such as Microsoft Access, is a database which is based on
tables. Each column within a table defines the fields, while each row defines the records.
Different related data can be held in separate tables. For instance information about
suppliers can be held in one table, while information about products can be held in a
separate table.
PAGE 5 - ECDL MODULE 5 (USING MICROSOFT ACCESS XP) - MANUAL
FOR USE AT THE LICENSED SITE(S) ONLY
© Cheltenham Courseware for Trainers 1995-2004 www.cctglobal.com
5.1.1.2 Understand how a database is organised in terms of tables,
records, fields, and with field data types, field properties.

What is a table?

• A table holds data about a particular item, such as products or suppliers.
What is a record?
• A record is a collection of information which relates to a particular item within your
database table. For instance a record in an address book may consist of the first and
second name of a person, plus their phone number and address details. Each item
within a record is called a field.

What is a field?

• Fields are the individual items which make up a record within your database. In the
example of an address book database, first and second names of your contacts would
both be field names, as would the telephone number.

What is meant by 'Field data types'?

• A field must have a specific data type format. We will see more about this later, but for
now the illustration shows you the data types which are available within Microsoft
Access, including Text, Number, Currency etc.

What is meant by 'Field properties'?

• Each field has a range of field properties associated with it. For instance the Field Size
(set to 50 in the example shown), means that the field will hold a maximum of 50
characters.
PAGE 6 - ECDL MODULE 5 (USING MICROSOFT ACCESS XP) - MANUAL
FOR USE AT THE LICENSED SITE(S) ONLY
© Cheltenham Courseware for Trainers 1995-2004 www.cctglobal.com
Other properties include items such as data validation, which means that the sort of
information which is being entered into a field makes sense!
5.1.1.3 Understand what a primary key is.

What is a primary key?

• Primary keys uniquely identify each record in your table and provide the following
advantages:
- An index is automatically created for the primary key.
This speeds up data retrieval and sorting.
Also, the primary key is often used in establishing relationships.
- Records in a form or Datasheet are displayed in primary key order.
- Duplicate records are not allowed. Therefore all records are unique
- A primary key can be made up of one or more fields.
5.1.1.4 Understand what an index is.

What is an index?

• An index allows Microsoft Access to work faster when finding and sorting records. They
work in a similar way to the way you would use an index in a traditional book, i.e. Access
uses the index to find the location of the required data. Indexes can be created using a
single field, or using multiple fields.
5.1.1.5 Understand the purpose of relating tables in a database.

Why relate tables?

• When using Access you normally set up a number of tables, such as Customers,
Products, Orders, Employees etc. The next stage is to define relationships between
these tables so that the information within each table can be linked with the information
in the other tables. Once these table relationships are defined we can create queries,
forms and reports to display information which is actually spread across several tables.
5.1.1.6 Understand the importance of setting rules to ensure
relationships between tables are valid.
PAGE 7 - ECDL MODULE 5 (USING MICROSOFT ACCESS XP) - MANUAL
FOR USE AT THE LICENSED SITE(S) ONLY
© Cheltenham Courseware for Trainers 1995-2004 www.cctglobal.com
Design and document your database!
• It is extremely important to spend time designing your database as time spent here will
often pay dividends later on in the process, as you know where you are going and what
you are trying to do.

How do you know if you’ve got there if you don’t know where you are going?

Questions to ask yourself
• When setting out on the difficult design stage of producing the database there are a
number of questions which you should ask yourself or your user.
What do I want?: You must first establish why you require your database and what you
expect to get from it. It is most important to define your output needs first.
Mistakes are often made because people try to decide what to put into their database
before they know what they want from it.
What have I got?: Knowing what you want then allows you to look critically at what data
you have and make decisions as to how it should be structured in terms of fields and
tables.
What do I need to do?: This question asks you to look at any manipulation you need to
carry out in order to achieve your information output: searches, sorts, and calculations.
Define your needs
• In order to clarify your needs it is often useful to draw a simple diagram and/or write a
short narrative. If the database is being designed for others, show them your
sketch/narrative and use it to check your understanding of their requirements.
Example:
C.C.Toys is a retailer of toys for children of all ages. It buys its toys from a number of
suppliers. It employs four staff. The store is laid out according to themes under a number
of categories (e.g. Soft toys, Games Software etc.). Orders to suppliers can be for either
single or multiple products.
The illustration below shows the tables needed for C.C. Toys.
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BASICS OF MICROSOFT-EXCEL

2010-11-05T12:29:00.000-07:00

INTRODUCTION

MS-Excel 2000 is a Windows based application package. It is
quite useful in entering, editing, analysis and storing of data.
Arithmetic operations with numerical data such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division can also be done with
Excel. You can sort the numbers/characters according to some
given criteria (like ascending, descending etc.)and solve simple
financial, mathematical and statistical formulas

OBJECTIVES
After going through this lesson you would be in a position to
* explain the basic features of MS Excel
* set pages and their printing
* modify a worksheet
* enter and edit data in a worksheet
* work on keyboard shortcuts

EXCEL FEATURES
There are a number of features that are available in Excel to
make your task easier. Some of the main features are:
AutoFormat - lets you to choose many preset table formatting
options.
1 AutoSum - helps you to add the contents of a cluster of
adjacent cells.
2 List AutoFill - automatically extends cell formatting when a
new item is added to the end of a list.
3 AutoFill - feature allows you to quickly fill cells with repetitive
or sequential data such as chronological dates or numbers,
and repeated text. AutoFill can also be used to copy functions.
You can also alter text and numbers with this feature.
4 AutoShapes toolbar will allow you to draw a number of
geometrical shapes, arrows, flowchart elements, stars and
more. With these shapes you can draw your own graphs.
5 Wizard - guides you to work effectively while you work by
displaying various helpful tips and techniques based on what
you are doing.
Drag and Drop - feature will help you to reposition the data
and text by simply dragging the data with the help of mouse.
6 Charts - features will help you in presenting a graphical
representation of your data in the form of Pie, Bar, Line charts
and more.
7 PivotTable - flips and sums data in seconds and allows you
to perform data analysis and generating reports like periodic
financial statements, statistical reports, etc. You can also
analyse complex data relationships graphically.
8 Shortcut Menus - commands that are appropriate to the
task that you are doing appear by clicking the right mouse
button.

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Tutorial: Microsoft Office 2003 Word Introduction

2010-10-26T03:18:00.000-07:00

Introduction:
Microsoft Word is an essential tool for the creation of documents. Its ease of use has
made Word one of the most widely used word processing applications currently on
the market. Therefore, it's important to become familiar with the various facets of
this software, since it allows for compatibility across multiple computers as well as
collaborative features. Word is a fairly simple program to use for completing simple
tasks. However, it may be more difficult to learn how to explore the more advanced
possibilities of Word।

Opening Microsoft Word:
To run Word on your computer: “Start” >> “Programs” >> “Microsoft Office” >>
“Microsoft Office Word 2003.” If there is an icon of Microsoft Word available on your
desktop (shaped like a square with a "W" in the middle), you can open up the
program by double-clicking it, as well।

Making a New Blank Document:
When Word is opened, a new blank document should automatically open. If not, then
you can begin a new blank document in a variety of ways.
First, find the "New Blank Document" icon, which looks like a blank sheet of paper,
located underneath the menu bar in Word in what is called the "standard toolbar."
Click on the icon to bring up a new blank document.
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Adobe® Creative Suite Design Premium

2010-10-22T10:29:00.000-07:00

Welcome to Adobe Creative Suite 5 Design Premium. This document contains late-breaking product information, updates, and troubleshooting tips not covered in the Design Premium documentation

Creative Suite 5 Design Premium components

Adobe® Photoshop® CS5 Extended
Adobe® Illustrator® CS5
Adobe® InDesign® CS5
Adobe® Acrobat® 9.3 Professional (separate DVD)
Adobe® Flash® Catalyst™ CS5
Adobe® Flash® Professional CS5
Adobe® Dreamweaver® CS5
Adobe® Fireworks® CS5
Adobe® Bridge CS5
Adobe® Device Central CS5
Adobe® Media Encoder CS5
Adobe® Extension Manager
Integrates with Adobe® CS Live Online Services*
*Adobe CS Live services are complimentary for a limited time and include Adobe® BrowserLab, Adobe® CS Review, Acrobat।com, Adobe® Story and SiteCatalyst® NetAverages**

Minimum system requirements

Windows®

Intel® Pentium® 4 or AMD Athlon® 64 processor

Microsoft® Windows® XP with Service Pack 3; Windows Vista® Home Premium, Business, Ultimate, or Enterprise with Service Pack 1 (Service Pack 2 recommended); or Windows 7
1GB of RAM or more recommended
9.3GB of available hard-disk space for installation; additional free space required during installation (cannot install on removable flash-based storage devices)
1280x800 display with qualified hardware-accelerated OpenGL graphics card, 16-bit color, and 256MB of VRAM
Some GPU-accelerated features require graphics support for Shader Model 3.0 and OpenGL 2.0
Some features in Adobe Bridge rely on a DirectX 9–capable graphics card with at least 64MB of VRAM
DVD-ROM drive compatible with dual-layer DVDs
Java™ Runtime Environment 1.5 (32 bit) or 1.6
QuickTime 7.6.2 software required for multimedia features
Adobe Flash® Player 10 software required to export SWF files
Broadband Internet connection required for online services**

Mac OS

Multicore Intel® processor
Mac OS X v10.5.7 or v10.6
1GB of RAM or more recommended
10।3GB of available hard-disk space for installation; additional free space required during installation (cannot install on a volume that uses a case-sensitive file system or on flash-based storage devices.)

1280x800 display with qualified hardware-accelerated OpenGL graphics card, 16-bit color, and 256MB of VRAM

Some GPU-accelerated features require graphics support for Shader Model 3.0 and OpenGL 2.0
DVD-ROM drive compatible with dual-layer DVDs
Java™ Runtime Environment 1.5 or 1.6
QuickTime 7.6.2 software required for multimedia features
Adobe Flash® Player 10 software required to export SWF files
Broadband Internet connection required for online services**

This product may allow you to extend its functionality by accessing certain features that are hosted online, including the Adobe CS Live online services ("Online Services"). The Online Services, and some features thereof, may not be available in all countries, languages, and/or currencies and may be discontinued or modified in whole or in part without notice. Use of the Online Services is governed by separate terms of use and by the Online Privacy Policy, and access to some services may require user registration. Some Online Services may be subject to fees and require a subscription. Fees subject to change. For more details and to review the applicable terms of use and Online Privacy Policy

Install your software
Install a Creative Suite 5 edition from disc
The components of Adobe Creative Suite 5 Design Premium are located on multiple DVDs:
Adobe Creative Suite 5 Design Premium Application DVD set (multiple discs)
Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro Application DVD (single disc)
Each component has its own serial number.
Locate all installation media and serial numbers before you begin the installation process.
Install Creative Suite 5 Design Premium
Before you begin, close all applications, including your web browser. Make sure you have administrative privileges or can validate as an administrator.
If you are installing as an upgrade, the installer will check your system to find the valid upgrade product. If it cannot find it, it will ask you to input the serial number of the product being
upgraded. You can also install the software in trial, then input your new and previous serial numbers in the serialization screen shown during launch.
1.
Insert the Adobe Creative Suite Application DVD 1 into your DVD drive.
2.
Double-click Setup.exe (Windows) or Install.app (Mac OS) to begin the installation.
Note: Depending on your Autoplay settings in Windows, the Set-up.exe file may launch automatically.
3.
Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the installation.
4.
When prompted to enter a serial number, enter your Adobe Creative Suite 5 edition serial number and complete the installation. Note: You may be asked to close conflicting processes in order to complete the installation

Install Acrobat 9 Pro
If you already have Acrobat 9 Pro installed, either as part of a suite or as a standalone application, you do not need to reinstall it. Existing Acrobat 9 Pro users should download and install the most current updates. To check for updates, open Acrobat 9 Pro and choose Help > Check For Updates.
If you have Acrobat 8 or earlier installed on your computer, you must uninstall it before you install Acrobat 9 Pro.
1.
To remove Acrobat, do one of the following:
o
(Windows XP) Open the Windows Control Panel and double-click Add or Remove Programs. Select the product that you want to uninstall, click Change/Remove, then follow the onscreen instructions.
o
(Windows Vista and Windows 7) Open the Windows Control Panel and double-click Programs and Features. Select the product that you want to uninstall, click Uninstall/Change, then follow the onscreen instructions.
o
(Mac OS) Run the uninstaller located in the Acrobat Professional folder.
2.
Insert the Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro Application DVD disc into your DVD drive.
3.
Do one of the following:
o
(Windows) Navigate to the root directory of your DVD drive and double-click the Setup.exe file to begin installation.
o
(Mac OS) Drag the Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro folder into your Applications folder. After the files are copied, launch Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro.
4.
Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the installation.
5.
When prompted to enter a serial number, enter your Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro serial number and complete the installation.
to download this course click here

Learn Pascal in Three Days

2010-10-22T09:39:00.000-07:00

Your First Pascal Program
The Pascal program may be as simple as the one in Example 1-1. It displays on your
screen the phrase “Hi there.”
{ ----------------------------- Example 1-1 ------------------------------ }
PROGRAM FirstProgram(OUTPUT);
BEGIN
WRITELN('Hi there')
END.
Whether the Pascal program is small or large, it must have a specific structure. This
program consists mainly of one statement (WRITELN) which does the actual work
here, as it displays whatever comes between the parentheses. The statement is
included inside a frame starting with the keyword BEGIN and ending with the keyword
END. This is called the program main body (or the program block) and usually
contains the main logic of data processing.
Comments
Consider the first line in the program:
{ ----------------------------- Example 1-1 ------------------------------ }
This is a comment and is totally ignored by the compiler. Comments can appear anywhere
in the Pascal program between two braces ({}) or between the two symbols
(* and *) thus:
(* This is a comment *)
1
Program Heading
The second line is called the program heading. It starts with the keyword PROGRAM
followed by a space, followed by the program name (FirstProgram). The program
name is a user-invented word. User-invented words are classified in Pascal as identifiers.
An identifier must begin with a letter and may contain any number of letters or
digits (in Turbo Pascal it may contain underscores as well). You are free to choose any
meaningful name for your program, but do not expect a program name like “BEGIN”
or “PROGRAM” to be accepted. These words are called reserved words, and they are
only used in the proper place in the program. Pascal reserved words are summarized
in Appendix B.
The program name is followed by the word OUTPUT contained in parentheses and
terminated with a semicolon:
PROGRAM FirstProgram(OUTPUT);
The keyword OUTPUT tells the compiler that this program is going to produce output
(such as writing to the screen), which is the counterpart of INPUT (such as reading
from the keyboard). The words OUTPUT and INPUT are called file parameters. The
program may perform both input and output, in which case the file parameters take
the form:
PROGRAM FirstProgram(INPUT,OUTPUT);
In Turbo Pascal the program heading is optional. You may skip the whole line and start
your program with the word BEGIN, or you may use the program name without
parameters, like this:
PROGRAM FirstProgram;
Syntax and Conventions
The most important syntax is the semicolon after the program heading (which is used
as a separator) and the period after the word END (which terminates the program).
A common convention is to write Pascal keywords in uppercase and the user-invented
names (identifiers) in lowercase with the first letter capitalized. If the name consists of
more than one word (which is the case in this program), the first letter in each word is
capitalized. So, in Pascal programs you may see identifiers like:
Wages
PayRoll
HoursWorkedPerWeek
This is just a convention to make your program readable, but Pascal compilers are not
case sensitive. This means that you can write the entire program in lowercase as in
2 Chapter 1
􀀀􀀀
􀀀􀀀
Example 1-2, or in uppercase as in Example 1-3. All three of the programs will compile
and run.
{ ------------------------------ Example 1-2 ------------------------------ }
program firstprogram(output);
begin
writeln('Hi there')
end.
{ ------------------------------ Example 1-3 ------------------------------ }
PROGRAM FIRSTPROGRAM(OUTPUT);
BEGIN
WRITELN('Hi there')
END.
All blank lines, indentations, and spaces (except those following the Pascal keywords)
are optional, but it is a good programming habit to use this method to make your program
well-organized and readable।
1-2 Displaying Text: WRITELN, WRITE
To display several lines of text you need a WRITELN statement for each line, as in the
following program in Example 1-4. Be sure to put quotes around text strings.
NOTE A companion CD-ROM comes with this book to help you save time and
effort. This disc contains the source code of all examples, in addition to the
solutions of the drills. Please read the Readme.txt or Readme.htm file on the
distribution disc. It contains the instructions for installing the files on your hard drive.
Notice that the Readme.htm file starts up automatically when you insert the CD into
the drive.
{ ------------------------------ Example 1-4 ------------------------------ }
PROGRAM LinesOfText(OUTPUT);
BEGIN
WRITELN('Hi there.');
WRITELN('How are you today?');
WRITELN('Are you ready for Pascal?')
END.
Now the program contains more than one statement. Each statement must be separated
from the next one with a semicolon. This is the only way the compiler can
recognize the end of a statement, but for the last statement in the program block you
may skip the semicolon.
When you compile this program it will give the following output:
Hi there.
How are you today?
Hello Pascal 3
Are you ready for Pascal?
The WRITELN statement displays a line of text followed by a new line (a linefeed and
a carriage return). If you wish to display two strings on the same line, you need to use
the WRITE statement as shown in the following program.
{ ------------------------------ Example 1-5 ------------------------------ }
PROGRAM TwoLines(OUTPUT);
BEGIN
WRITE('Hi there. ');
WRITELN('How are you today?');
WRITELN('Are you ready for Pascal?')
END.
The output of this program is:
Hi there. How are you today?
Are you ready for Pascal?
As you can see in the program output, the second string is written on the same line as
the first string as a result of using the WRITE statement to display the first string.
This is the only difference between the two output statements WRITE and
WRITELN.
If you want to display a blank line, you only need the statement:
WRITELN;
Drill 1-1
Write a Pascal program to display the following text on the screen:
Wordware Publishing, Inc.
-------------------------
2320 Los Rios Boulevard
Plano, Texas 75074
-Crunching Numbers
The easiest task for any program is to crunch numbers. The statement WRITELN (or
WRITE) can be used both to display numbers and evaluate numerical expressions. You
can build up arithmetic expressions using the following arithmetic operators:
+ addition
– subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
4 Chapter 1
Take a look at these examples:
WRITELN(123);
WRITELN(1.23 * 4);
The first example displays the number between the parentheses (123). The second
example performs multiplication of two numbers and displays the result. Notice that
for numeric values, unlike text strings, you don’t use quotes.
You may use WRITELN to display text and numbers in the same statement by using
the comma as a separator like this:
WRITELN('The result is=', 125 * 1.75);
The following program is used to evaluate two numeric expressions (multiplication
and division) and display the results preceded by the proper text.
{ ------------------------------ Example 1-6 -------------------------------}
PROGRAM CrunchNumbers(OUTPUT);
BEGIN
WRITELN('I can easily crunch numbers.');
WRITELN('Here is multiplication of 50x4:',50*4);
WRITELN('..and here is division of 2400/8:',2400/8)
END.
The output of this program is:
I can easily crunch numbers.
Here is multiplication of 50x4:200
..and here is division of 2400/8: 3.0000000000E+02
The multiplication is done as expected. The two operands (50 and 4) were integers
(whole numbers) and the result (200) was an integer too. The division result, however,
came out in a format that needs some explanation.
Integers and Real Numbers
The division performed with the operator / is called real division and always produces
as its result a real number. Real numbers may be written in fixed-point notation (such
as 300.0) or in scientific (exponential) notation (such as 3.0E+02), but in Pascal, real
number output will always be represented in scientific notation by default. A number
written in scientific notation is made up of two parts divided by the letter E (or e). The
left part is called the mantissa and indicates the significant digits, while the right part
is called the exponent. The exponent is a power of ten that determines the position of
the decimal point. So, in this example the number:
3.0000000000E+02
is the same as the number:
3 x 102
Hello Pascal 5
The same number, when expressed in fixed-point format, becomes:
300.0
If the exponent is preceded by a minus sign as in:
3.124E–02
then the decimal point is shifted two positions to the left. This number, then, is the
same as:
0.03124
If the number is negative, the minus sign should precede the mantissa:
–0.0124E–02
If the number is positive, you may omit the sign for either the mantissa or the
exponent:
1.23E02
The division operator (/) is called the real division operator, because the result always
appears as a real number regardless of the type of the operands.
For integer division use the operator DIV as in the example:
WRITELN(2400 DIV 8);
This will produce the output 300.
With integer division, any fraction in the result will be truncated, as in this example:
WRITELN(9 DIV 4); produces the output 2
Another important operator, MOD, is used to get the remainder of integer division
(modulo), as in these examples:
WRITELN(9 MOD 4); produces the output 1
WRITELN(3 MOD 4); produces the output 3
The operators DIV and MOD take only integer operands and produce integer output.
For the other operators (+, –, and *), if either one of the operands is real, the result
will be real.
to download this course click here

Ajax Programming for the Absolute Beginner

2010-10-21T05:20:00.000-07:00

introduction

welcome to Ajax Programming for the Absolute Beginner! Ajax (Asynchronous
JavaScript and XML) is a collection of web development technologies that
can be used to create web applications that provide levels of responsiveness
previously unheard of. As a result, when combined with high-speed internet connections,
you can use Ajax to develop web applications that behave and respond
like desktop applications.
In recent years, web developers have begun to make major investments in Ajax,
using it to create a whole new generation of web applications. For example, Google
has used Ajax in the creation of all its latest applications, including Google Suggest,
Google Maps, and Gmail. Amazon.com has used Ajax in the development of
its A9.com search engine as well as to enhance and improve its main website.
Websites like Ask.com and Snap.com have used Ajax to make major improvements
to their search engines. Other companies have used Ajax to help develop entire
office suites of free online applications. For example, ThinkFree Online
(www.thinkfree.com) can create text documents, spreadsheets, and presentations
all of which are 100 percent compatible with Microsoft Office. Google’s Google
Docs Online office suite (docs.google.com) is another example of online applications
developed using Ajax.

When it comes to web development, Ajax is truly the “next big thing.” Ajax is
becoming an essential ingredient in the makeup of modern web applications. Ajax
is being used in the development of all kinds of exciting new applications and
rightly so, given its ability to support the creation of web applications with
desktop-like performance.
Using Ajax programming techniques you can transform the way your web applications
look and feel, providing your visitors with a significantly enriched experience.
By learning how to create Ajax applications, you will develop a highly
marketable set of skills that are currently in high demand. To help you accomplish
this goal, this book uses a hands-on instructional approach, emphasizing learning
by doing, which is accomplished through the development of a series of computer
games.
So, whether you are a student who has just signed up for an introductory web development
class that uses Ajax, a hobbyist who wants to have some fun, or a web developer interested
in expanding your skill set, this book will help you get off to a good start. By the time you are
done, you will be ready to begin taking your web applications to the next level

WHY AJAX?
Ajax changes the way in which web applications are designed, replacing requests for new web
pages and screen refreshes with small data queries to web servers. By requesting less data,
the web servers are able to respond quicker. Ajax data requests are made asynchronously,
meaning that users no longer have to sit and wait for the web server to fulfill a request.
Instead, the user can continue to work with the web application while Ajax collects and processes
the web server’s data in the background, and when it is time to do so, Ajax can use the
data to dynamically update the web page without forcing a page reload. The end result is a
streamlined, faster, and more desktop-like experience.
Because it relies on commonly available technologies like JavaScript and XML, Ajax is readily
available and supported by all major computer operating systems and web browsers. You do
not have to download and install any special software to work with Ajax, and the people who
visit your website do not have to install anything to view and interact with your Ajax
applications

WHO SHOULD READ THIS BOOK?
Ajax Programming for the Absolute Beginner is designed to teach first-time programmers, computer
enthusiasts, and web developers interested in adding Ajax to their bag of tricks. An
understanding of HTML is required for you to complete this book. While previous programming
experience is certainly helpful, as is a basic understanding of JavaScript, the DOM, CSS,
the XMLHttpRequest object, and XML, you do not need to be an expert with any of these technologies.
You will learn all that you need to know about each of these technologies as you
make your way through this book.
In addition to teaching you everything you need to know to get up and running quickly, this
book will make your learning experience as enjoyable as possible. This will be accomplished
using a games-based instructional approach in which you will learn Ajax programming
through the creation of web-based computer games. If this approach to learning sounds interesting
and fun to you, then keep reading. It won’t be long before you are creating all kinds
of fun and exciting web applications

WHAT YOU NEED TO BEGIN?
Ajax is not something that you can buy in a box or download from the internet. It is a collection
of related technologies that are readily available to everyone. Because it is based on
technologies like JavaScript, XML, and the DOM, it is readily available. You do, however, need
a few tools and resources to get started. Ajax uses JavaScript as its programming language. In
order to develop JavaScript code, you need a text or code editor. If you already have a code
editor that you are using to develop your HTML pages, odds are it will support JavaScript as
well. Otherwise, you can use any plain text editor, such as Windows Notepad, when developing
Ajax applications.
In addition to an editor, you will need access to one or more web browsers like Internet
Explorer, Safari, Firefox, or Opera to test your web applications. Because Ajax applications
are designed to work with web servers, you also need access to a web server and the ability to
develop programs that run on the server. For most people this means signing up with one of
the many available web service providers.
Most Ajax applications involve the development of some server-side programs. In this book,
server-side applications (programs that run on web servers) are developed using PHP. Although
the use of PHP will be minimal, to follow along with and test the execution of all of
the examples in this book, you will want to make sure that your service provider supports the
execution of PHP.

Working with Different Web Browsers
Ajax uses JavaScript as its programming language. As such, Ajax is susceptible to all of the
same problems that JavaScript programmers face. One of these compatibility issues involves
the browser. Due to internal design differences, different web browsers work differently with
JavaScript and therefore with Ajax. To properly test your Ajax applications, you should use
all major web browsers, including those listed below, to make sure that they behave as you
expect them to.
• Internet Explorer
• Apple’s Safari
• Mozilla Firefox
• Opera
Most of the figures and examples that you will see in this book are demonstrated using Internet
Explorer 7. Except where noted, all of the examples that are presented in this book
should work exactly the same on all of the major web browsers.

What You Need to Know
In order to take advantage of this book, you need to be familiar with the basics of HTML
development and, of course, you need a website that you can work with and are interested
in making more responsive and dynamic. Beyond that, this book will provide everything else
you need to know. This includes an overview of how to program using JavaScript and the
Document Object Model. This book also provides a basic review of XML and CSS.
Ajax applications have a server-side component needed to make them work. There are many
different server-side programming languages from which to choose, including Ruby on Rails,
PHP, Java Servlets, and ASP. Of these, PHP is arguably the most popular and easiest to work
with and is the server-side programming language that this book uses. You will not have to
become a PHP guru in order to make your way through this book. However, a basic understanding
of PHP will be helpful. To make sure you have a basic understanding of PHP
programming, this book provides a quick server-side PHP programming primer.
to download this course click here

Adobe Air Development

2010-10-21T05:01:00.000-07:00

Adobe Air Development
Summary
• Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR)
• Business Analysis
• Customer Reach
• Enhanced User Experience
• Leverage Existing Assets
• Deploy Rich Internet Applications
• Enhance Benefits
• Application Stack
• Features
• Sample Applications
• Advantages & Challenges

What is Adobe AIR
• Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR) is developed
by Adobe System to take advantage of rich
internet applications on desktop
• AIR is a run time environment that enables
you to build desktop applications using existing
web technologies like Flash, Flex, HTML, AJAX
•AIR runs on Linux, MAC and Windows
•Initially released on Feb 25, 2008

Adobe AIR – Customer Benefits
Reach the customer rather than the Customer
reach you
 Have the customers connected without them being
logged on to your web site
 User able to get constant feeds, updates, alerts
and/or notifications
 Enables Sharing, Collaboration even while there is
no internet
 No new version update hassle

Adobe AIR – Enhanced User Experience

Deliver fully branded experiences with desktop
functionality
• Provide dynamic interactive applications
• Enhance Usability - Functionalities like
• Customer Chrome - Transparent User Screens
• Drag & Drop
• Access local files
• Clipboard support
• Information sharing across devices
• Move data between desktop & mobile, vice
versa

Adobe AIR – Assets
Leverage existing personnel, processes, and
infrastructure
• Uses existing technology like AJAX,Flash,HTML,
JavaScript
• People
• The same technology stack is used for AIR
• The same people can be trained for developing
and deploying AIR applications
• Processes
• No major process changes

Adobe AIR – Deploy Rich Internet Applications
Develop and deliver Applications efficiently
• Compatible across multiple Operating Systems
• Easy Installations
• Security using Digitally Signed Certificates
• Enhanced Stability and reliability
• Allows rapid development
• Low risk

Adobe AIR – Enhanced Benefits
Increase the Benefits of investments
• Enhanced customer reach
• Increase customer loyalty
• Widened market reach
• Decreased customer attrition

Adobe AIR – Features
Familiar Workflow - Develop rich
Internet applications on the desktop
using familiar workflows and Flex 3.
Enhanced networking - Broad and
flexible operations for accessing
standard and wireless networks.
Rich multimedia and video -
support for animation, bitmap and
vector graphics,high quality audio
and including H.263, H.264, AAC,
MP3
Local File Access – Read/Write
local files of any size containing text
or binary content.
Embedded database - Build data
intensive applications with integrated,
open source, cross-platform SQLite
database for improved application
responsiveness and data manipulation.
Flexible runtime - Leverage the
proven open technologies like
Tamarin, WebKit, and SQLite
Cross operating system
compatibility - Use the Adobe AIR
SDK to package cross operating
system, binary-compatible AIR
applications for easy deployment.
Multi window support and
transparency - Full control over the
look and feel of applications for
complete branding, including non
rectangular windows and custom
chrome.
Convenient desktop APIs –
Connect RIA developement to the
desktop with drag and drop support,
rich clipboard access, and more.
Easy application delivery - Helps
user easily install AIR applications
from the web with runtime support
for application updates and
maintenance.

Adobe AIR –Applications
Leading online services provider uses Adobe AIR to reach
customers beyond the browser.
Trend setting automotive manufacturer uses Adobe Flex and
Adobe AIR to extend its iconic MINI brand and lifestyle
proposition through online marketing
eBay uses Adobe AIR to extend its global marketplace beyond
the web browser, delivering a powerful version of eBay for the
desktop
NASDAQ enables investors and brokers to replay market
activity in great detail at any given point in time.
With its reputation for providing innovative content,
Nickelodeon strives to keep kids enthusiastic about every
interaction with the company.
Model Metrics releases on-demand Adobe AIR application for
the pharmaceutical industry on Force.com, the first multitenant
Platform as a Service from Salesforce.com
Award winning web-to-mobile application evolves into a bidirectional
desktop-to-mobile tool using Adobe AIR—shifting
content seamlessly across devices
Yahoo! plans to adopt Adobe AIR to debut client extension
to Y! Live—a new experiment in live collaborative video for
social broadcasters and developers
to download this course click here

After Effects CS5

2010-10-21T04:52:00.000-07:00

This information is brought to you by the After Effects CS5 -
Making Your Animation Smarter

Animation in After Effects CS5 is very easyto create. Making it smarter is what takes a
little moretime. You want your animationto be realistic with your elements behaving liket hey would in real life. We just created a very simple animation with a ball moving fromt he beginningtot he end of a ramp ("After Effects CS5 Keying andt he Timeline"). This was more of an introductiontot he tools and panels than a realistic animation.There were some very basic things missing and we will addresst hose now. Our ball was supposedto be rolling down a ramp but instead it just decidedto move from one
endtot he other. Of course it needsto rotate andto roll down a ramp; it needs a littlehelp, a little
slopeperhaps with some assistance from gravity.

With just a little review we will addt he few adjustmentst hat will maket his a real roller. We
checked under our ball's 'Transfer' attributes, set a keyframe fort he 'Position' value by clicking
ont he stop clocktot he left of 'Position', moved our balltot he end oft hetimeline and added
another keyframe. This is allt hat was necessarytohave our ball move fromt he beginningtot he

end oft he ramp.

We really just needto addtwot hings int his exercise. Our ball needsto roll downt he ramp and the rampn e e d s to provide a slope. We'll add the rolling partf ir st.It's very easy butd o e s have one After Effects caveat. The rollingpart is just liket heposition. Entert he 'Home' keyto be sure you are at the beginning of your movie.

Opent he 'Transform' attribute set. Just like we clicked ont he 'Position' settingto create a
keyframe at the beginning, click on 'Rotation' and click itstime clock. You will see a gold
diamond, a keyframe appear ont hetimeline just undert he one for 'Position'. Now movetot he
end of your movie, you can entert he 'end' keyto dot his in one step, and enter some revolutions
for your ball. Int he 'Rotation' setting you seet hehighlighted values '0x+0.0' with a degree sign.
You can increase or decreaset hese values by clicking and sliding with your mouse. The '0' on

the leftr epresents whole revolutions so if you moved it to 1, that would be one revolution. If yo

movedt he '0' ont he right to '180't hat would be ahalf revolution. You are working with a 360 degree circle revolution setting. Int his exercise simply increasingt he left valueto 4 or 5 is fine. We're visualizinghow many times your ball will rotate while rolling down the hill.N o w hit the 'Home' key,start your movie. Your ball rolls downt he ramp ora c r o s s your ramp because wehaven't created its slope yet. But something isn't right. Your ball wobbles with a focuspoint away from its center. This is because the default'a n chor point', the center point and focal point of attribute adjustmentis n 't the true center of our ball. For reasons deemed byt he After Effects designers, the anchorpoint of all shape layers ist he center oft he layer.

We can fixt his. Next tot he shapetool ont hetop toolbar ist he 'Pan Behind Tool'. This will let us
movet he anchorpoint for our ballto itstrue center. With time at the beginning of our movie,
choose your ball shape, then chooset he 'Pan from Behind'tool and click int he center of your
ball. Thepath followed by your 'Position' settings is displayed and you can uset he first keyframe

point of your 'Position' path as your 'Pan Behind Tool' center.This will place the center of action, the center of rotation or center of scaling at the true center of our ball instead of the composition center.

Now try playing your movie and you will your ball roll acrosst he ramp, turning on its own axis just like a wheel on a wagon. Usingt he 'Rotation' setting for our ramp, adjust it visually. Make it look like what it wouldtake for a nice roll. At thispoint, there is only onet hing left andt hat is, when you shift the slope oft he ramp, you can seehowt he animatedpath oft he ball doesn't
match now. All we needto do is set the beginning and endposition of our ballto match the slope oft he ramp

The path of the ball is set completely bytwopoints, its beginning and endposition so adjusting these to the heightat the beginning and end of our newly sloped ramp will correct this. Now our ball rolls, it rolls on its own axis, and it rolls downhill, just like a rolling ball should! Full Moons, Dogcreek, think globally, act locally. Web Designer Tom Womack uses Adobe Creative Suite 5 and Cinema4D creating dynamic sites with rich media
to download this course click here

Your best companion for learning SWiSH MAX

2010-10-14T12:15:00.000-07:00

learning SWiSH MAX

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Focus
SWiSH MAX – An Introduction
SWiSHScript History
SWiSHScript Vs ActionScript
Understanding SWiSH MAX IDE
Design tools Overview
Understanding Menus and Toolbars
Applying built-in effects on objects
Adding comments in Code

Chapter 2 Getting Started

Movie Physical Objects
Data types and Variables
Type Casting or Type Juggling
SWiSHScript Basics
Mathematical and Comparison Operators
Taking decisions in SWiSHScript using ‘if’
Logical Operators
Ternary If-else structure
Loop Structures
Breaking loops Unconditionally
Skipping the code in loops, Unconditionally
Tuning up code with ‘switch’ set statement
Working with Functions
String manipulation
Button and Sprite Object properties and event handlers
My first SWiSHScript application
Understanding Levels
_root, _parent, this, and _global
Use of ‘tellTarget’
Use of and ‘with’
Dragging the objects at runtime

Chapter 3 TEXT/JPEG File Management with SWiSH MAX Loading data from Text Files,

loading external JPEG files Creating static Address Book with images (without PHP)

Chapter 4 Interaction with PHP

Sending data to PHP script
Receiving data from PHP script
My first text echo application
Creating E-Mail Contact Form, mail in PHP
Writing Text Files

3 Reading Text Files
Introducing loadVars Object and its reliability
Sprite Duplication and accessing duplicated sprite’s properties
Arrays in SWiSHScript, more flexible and powerful than in ActionScript

Chapter 5 Advanced Events Handling and other Scripting Objects

Evaluation/Access of Dynamic Objects/Variables
Advanced Techniques of Events Handling (an Introduction)
How to implement existing event handlers within functions
Deleting Event Handlers when job is done
Defining/Attaching new events handlers to Sprite object, and using them
Creating Events to accept variables as Arguments
Connecting Objects through events
Defining Global functions to use anywhere without reference
Creating Sprite pointers
Collision detection for games creation
Encoding special characters before sending to SWiSH Movie

Chapter 6 Using UI Collection Objects

Introduction to UI Collection Objects
UI CheckBox
UI Radio Button
UI Menus
UI Combo Box
UI Toolbars
UI Spreadsheet
UI Form Dialogue
UI Pie Charts
UI Bar Graphs
UI Line Graphs
Connecting UI Spreadsheet with UI Pie Charts, UI Line Graphs, and UI Bar Graphs

Chapter 7 Preloaders, Scrollers, Dynamic Drawing, an External MP3

Additional utility functions for creating Preloaders
Scroller for Dynamic and Input text objects
Creating new Sprites at runtime
Direct Drawing Methods in SWiSHScript
Scripted Preloaders
Loading external mp3 sounds & Audio Streaming

Chapter 8 Core Practice / Source Code / Details
Study of MySQL with PHP
Creating Interactive Polling System using UI Collection Objects
Online Resources / Help

4 Chapter 9 SWiSHMax integration with ASP and MS-Access

What is Microsoft Access?
Creating Database and Tables with Microsoft Access
What is ASP?
Adding comments in ASP code
Tracking variables obtained through GET and POST method in ASP
Sending back Response to SWiSHMax movie
Sample SWiSHMax application with ASP
to download this course click here

Learning Flash ActionScript

2010-10-14T12:03:00.000-07:00

Flash ActionScript

Introduction
Event handling has changed a lot for Flash over the past few releases of the player. With the release of ActionScript 3, this continues to be the case. With ActionScript 3, you will have more control than ever when dealing with events in Flash.
This article will cover the new features related to event handling in ActionScript 3 and help you get a better understanding of how the new EventDispatcher class works especially in relation to using mouse events. You will learn about event propagation, event objects, and how to create your own custom events

Flash is a graphics and animation software package that enables Web developers to design and deliver low- bandwidth animations and presentations referred to as
movies. With Flash, you can create interactive Web pages
with both motion and sound. This book is about

ActionScript, the scripting language that enables you to add
interactivity to your Flash movie. With ActionScript, you can
have your Flash movie respond to mouse clicks and key
presses, or you can request information from the user and
have your Flash movie respond to the information provided.

CREATE A SCENE

sing scenes enables you to separate your movie into sections. For example, you can have a scene that displays the title of the movie, a scene that plays the
movie, and a final scene that lists the characters. Each scene
has its own Timeline and can include its own animation.

To create a scene, click View➪ Scene from the menu. A
newStage and Timeline appears in which you can create
your scene. By default, Flash names scenes by assigning
them sequential numbers, for example, Scene 1 and Scene
2. You can use the Scene panel to add, remove, duplicate,
rename, and change the order of scenes. To open the Scene
panel, click Window➪ Panels➪ Scene from the menu

CREATE LAYERS

When creating a Flash movie, you place individual images and animations on separate layers to prevent them from connecting, erasing, or
segmenting each other. You should also use separate layers
for sounds, actions, frame labels, and comments. Layers are
transparent sheets on which you create the graphics and
animations you use in your movie. You can see through
each sheet to the layer beneath until you add color.

You work on the active layer. You make a layer active by
clicking in the layer, or by moving to the Stage and selecting
an object on the layer. Flash places a pencil icon next to the
layer name of the active layer. Only one layer can be active at

a time. As you create objects, they are stacked according to layer. An object on a lower layer will appear as if it is behind an object on a higher layer. You can change the order of layers and the name of a layer. You can lock a layer to prevent changes to the layer. Flash
uses a padlock icon to indicate a locked layer. You can also
hide a layer. Hiding a layer is useful when you want to
remove certain objects on the Stage from view to make it
easier for you to create graphics. You can delete layers
when you no longer need them.

To assist you when you are drawing graphics, you can create
guide layers. You can also create motion guide layers to
assist you when creating motion tweens. You can use mask
layers to create spotlight effects. Flash also provides you
with an option that allows you to view a layer as an outline.
You can specify the outline color. Adding layers does not
increase the file size of your published movie
to download this course click here

creating Web applications on the .NET framework

2010-10-14T11:50:00.000-07:00

What is ASP .NET?

ASP 3.0 is the latest version of ASP, but there will never be an ASP 4.0 version. ASP .NET is the next generation ASP, but it's not an upgraded version of ASP. ASP .NET is an entirely new paradigm for server-side ASP scripting. ASP .NET is a part of the new .NET (dotnet) Framework. Microsoft spent three years rewriting ASP .NET from the ground up, and ASP .NET is not fully backward compatible with ASP 3.0. You can read more about the differences between ASP and ASP .NET in the next chapter of this tutorial.

NET Framework

The .NET Framework is the infrastructure for the new Microsoft .NET Platform. The .NET Framework is a common environment for building, deploying, and running Web applications and Web Services. The .NET Framework contains a common language runtime and common class libraries - like ADO .NET, ASP .NET and Windows Forms - to provide advanced standard services that can be integrated into a variety of computer systems.
The .NET Framework provides a feature-rich application environment, simplified development and easy integration between a number of different development languages. The .NET Framework is language neutral. Currently it supports C++, C#, Visual Basic, and JScript (The Microsoft version of JavaScript). Microsoft's Visual Studio.NET is a common development environment for the new .NET Framework.

New in ASP .NET
 Better language support
 Programmable controls
 Event-driven programming
 XML-based components
 User authentication, with accounts and roles
 Higher scalability
 Increased performance - Compiled code
 Easier configuration and deployment
 Not fully ASP compatible

Language Support
ASP .NET uses the new ADO .NET.
ASP .NET supports full Visual Basic, not VBScript.
ASP .NET supports C# (C sharp) and C++.
ASP .NET supports JScript as before

ASP .NET Controls

ASP .NET contains a large set of HTML controls. Almost all HTML elements on a page can be defined as ASP .NET control objects that can be controlled by scripts. ASP .NET also contains a new set of object oriented input controls, like programmable list boxes and validation controls. A new data grid control supports sorting, data paging, and everything you expect from a dataset control.

Event Aware Controls

All ASP .NET objects on a Web page can expose events that can be processed by ASP .NET code. Load, Click and Change events handled by code makes coding much simpler and much better organized.

ASP .NET Components

ASP .NET components are heavily based on XML. Like the new AD Rotator, that uses XML to store advertisement information and configuration. User Authentication ASP .NET supports forms-based user authentication, including cookie management and automatic redirecting of unauthorized logins. (You can still do your custom login page and custom user checking).

User Accounts and Roles

ASP .NET allows for user accounts and roles, to give each user (with a given role) access to different server code and executables.

High Scalability

Much has been done with ASP .NET to provide greater scalability. Server to server communication has been greatly enhanced, making it possible to scale an application over several servers. One example of this is the ability to run XML parsers, XSL transformations and even resource hungry session objects on other servers.

Compiled Code

The first request for an ASP .NET page on the server will compile the ASP .NET code and keep a cached copy in memory. The result of this is greatly increased performa

Easy Configuration

Configuration of ASP .NET is done with plain text files.

Configuration files can be uploaded or changed while the application is running. No need to restart

the server. No more metabase or registry puzzle.

Easy Deployment

No more server restart to deploy or replace compiled code. ASP .NET simply redirects all new

requests to the new code.

Compatibility

ASP .NET is not fully compatible with earlier versions of ASP, so most of the old ASP code will need

some changes to run under ASP .NET.

To overcome this problem, ASP .NET uses a new file extension ".aspx". This will make ASP .NET

applications able to run side by side with standard ASP applications on the same server.
to download this course click here

Style Sheets (CSS)

2010-10-14T11:38:00.000-07:00

Style Sheets (CSS)

As we have learned, HTML markup can be used to indicate both thesemantics of a document (e.g., which parts are elements of lists) and itspresentation (e.g., which words should be italicized). However, as noted in the previous chapter, it is advisable to use markup predominantly for indicating the semantics of a document and to use a separate mechanism to determine exactly how information contained in the document should be presented.Style

sheetsprovide such a mechanism. This chapter presents basic information about Cascading Style Sheets(CSS), a style sheet technology designed to work with HTML and XML documents. CSS provides a great deal of control over the presentation of a document, but to exercise this control intelligently requires an understanding of a number of features. And, while you as a software developer may not be particularly interested in getting your web page to look “just so,” many web software developers are members of teams that include professional web page designers, some of whom may have precise presentation require- ments. Thus, while I have tried to focus on what I consider key features of CSS, I’ve also included a number of ﬁner points that I believe may be more useful to you in the future than you might expect on ﬁrst reading.

While CSS is used extensively to style HTML documents, it is not the only style- related web technology. In particular, we will study the Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)—which is used for transforming and possibly styling general XML documents— in Chapter 7

Introduction to Cascading Style Sheets

Before getting into details, let’s take a quick look at an XHTML document that uses simple style sheets to deﬁne its presentation. Speciﬁcally, let’s consider once again the “Hello World!” document of Figure 2.1, but with the addition of twolinkelements in the head of the document (CSSHelloWorld.html, shown in Fig. 3.1). Notice that the body of this document is identical to that of Figure 2.1. However, viewing this document in Mozilla 1.4 produces the result shown in Figure 3.2, which is quite different from the way Mozilla displayed the original “Hello World!” document (Fig. 2.2).

The difference between the two browser renderings, of course, has to do with the linkelement, which imports astyle sheet located at the URL speciﬁed as the value of itshrefattribute. In this example, the style sheet is written in the CSS language, as indicated by the MIME type value of thetypeattribute. The style1.cssﬁle contains the lines

using a style sheet. Furthermore, if at a later time we wish to change the size of the headers, we need only make the change in that one style sheet. More generally, if we use a single style sheet for all of the pages at a site, then all of the site pages will have a consistent style, and one that can be changed with little work.

In addition to these properties, which apply to any style sheet language—including older print-oriented style sheet languages—the cascading quality of CSS makes it particu- larly appealing for use with web documents. As we will learn, both the document author and the person viewing the document can specify aspects of the document style as it is dis- played by the browser (or other user agent displaying the document). For example, a user may instruct their browser to display all HTML documents using only a white background, regardless of the setting of thebackground-colorproperty in style rules supplied by the page author. This can be an important feature to, for example, a user who because of an eyesight limitation needs high contrast between text and its background.

It should also be noted that, though I am going to cover CSS in the context of providing style for HTML documents, it can also be used with non-HTML XML documents (Section 7.10 contains an example).

So, there are many reasons to learn about style sheet technology in general, and CSS in particular. We’ll start by covering some of the core CSS syntactic elements. After that, we’ll study the cascading aspects of CSS in more detail. Finally, we’ll consider details of a number of speciﬁc style properties and apply CSS to the blogging case study
to download this course click here

learning VISUAL BASIC

2010-10-14T11:28:00.000-07:00

VISUAL BASIC

What is Visual Basic?

•The "Visual" part refers to the method used to create the graphical user interface (GUI). Rather than writing numerous lines of code to
describe the appearance and location of
interface elements, you simply add pre-built
objects into place on screen

•The "Basic" part refers to the BASIC
(Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction
Code) language

Visual Basic Characteristics

• Rapid Application Development (RAD) tool
• Front-end applications.
•ActiveX technologies allow you to use the functionality provided by other applications, such as Microsoft Word word processor, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and other Windows applications.
•Your finished application is a true .exe file

Event-Driven programming Language?

In an event-driven application, the code doesn't follow a
predetermined path — it executes different code sections in
response to events.

Events can be triggered by the user's actions, by messages
from the system or other applications, or even from the
application itself.

The sequence of these events determines the sequence in
which the code executes, thus the path through the
application's code differs each time the program runs
Your code can also trigger events during execution. For
example, programmatically changing the text in a text box
cause the text box's Change event to occur

Interactive Development

The traditional application development process can be broken into three distinct steps:writin g,compiling, and testing code. Unlike traditional languages, Visual Basic uses an interactive approach to development, blurring the distinction between the three steps.
With most languages, if you make a mistake in writing your
code, the error is caught by the compiler when you start to
compile your application. You must then find and fix the error
and begin the compile cycle again, repeating the process for
each error found.

Visual Basic interprets your code as you enter it, catching and highlighting most syntax or spelling errors on the fly

In addition to catching errors on the fly, Visual Basic also
partially compiles the code as it is entered. If the compiler
finds an error, it is highlighted in your code. You can fix the
error and continue compiling without having to start over.

Because of the interactive nature of Visual Basic, you'll find
yourself running your application frequently as you develop
it. This way you can test the effects of your code as you
work rather than waiting to compile later.
to download this course click here

Introduction to XML

2010-10-14T05:58:00.000-07:00

Introduction to XML

XML was designed to transport and store data.
HTML was designed to display data.

What You Should Already Know
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
• HTML
• JavaScript

What is XML? • XML stands for EXtensibleM arkupLanguage
• XML is a markup language much like HTML
• XML was designed to carry data, not to display data
• XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags
• XML is designed to bes e l f  d e s c r i p t i v e
• XML is a W3C Recommendation

The Difference Between XML and HTML

XML is not a replacement for HTML.

XML and HTML were designed with different goals

XML was designed to transport and store data, with focus on what data is.
HTML was designed to display data, with focus on how data looks.
HTML is about displaying information, while XML is about carrying information.

XML Does not DO Anything Maybe it is a little hard to understand, but XML does not DO anything. XML was created to structure, store, and transport information. The following example is a note to Tove from Jani, stored as XML

The note above is quite self descriptive. It has sender and receiver information, it also has a heading and a message body. But still, this XML document does not DO anything. It is just pure information wrapped in tags. Someone must write a piece of software to send, receive or display it.

XML is Just Plain Text

XML is nothing special. It is just plain text. Software that can handle plain text can also handle XML. However, XMLaware applications can handle the XML tags specially. The functional meaning of the tags depends on the nature of the application

With XML You Invent Your Own Tags

The tags in the example above (like <to> and <from>) are not defined in any XML standard. These tags are "invented" by the author of the XML document. That is because the XML language has no predefined tags. The tags used in HTML (and the structure of HTML) are predefined. HTML documents can only use tags defined in the HTML standard (like <p>, <h1>, etc.).

XML allows the author to define his own tags and his own document structure

XML is Not a Replacement for HTML

XML is a complement to HTML. It is important to understand that XML is not a replacement for HTML. In most web applications, XML is used to transport data, while HTML is used to format and display the data. My best description of XML is this: XML is a software and hardware independent tool for carrying information

XML is Everywhere

We have been participating in XML development since its creation. It has been amazing to see how quickly the XML standard has developed and how quickly a large number of software vendors have adopted the standard. XML is now as important for the Web as HTML was to the foundation of the Web. XML is everywhere. It is the most common tool for data transmissions between all sorts of applications, and becomes more and more popular in the area of storing and describing information.
to download this course click here

WEB DESIGNING Using HTML

2010-10-14T05:46:00.000-07:00

WEB DESIGNING Using HTML

What is HTML? HTML is a language for describing web pages. • HTML stands forHyperTextMarkupLanguage • HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language • A markup language is a set of markup tags • HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
HTML Tags HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
• HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
• HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages
• HTML documents describe web pages
• HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
• HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML
documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags,
but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph</p>
</body>

</html>

HTM or HTML Extension?

When you save an HTML file, you can use e ither the .htm or the .html extension. We
use .htm in our examples. It is a habit from the past, when the software only allowed
three letters in file extensions.

With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html
to download this course click here

2010-10-14T05:38:00.000-07:00

Adobe Illustrator 10

About Adobe Illustrator
Illustrator is a vector drawing program. It is often used to draw illustrations, cartoons, diagrams, charts and
logos. Unlike bitmap images that stores information in a grid of dots, Illustrator uses mathematical equations to
draw out the shapes. This makes vector graphics scalable without the loss of resolution.

Advantages of Vector Graphics• Scalable without resolution loss
• Lines are crisp and sharp at any sizes
• Print at high resolution
• Smaller file size
• Good for drawing illustrations

Disadvantages of vector graphics
• Drawings tend to look flat and cartoon
• Hard to produce photo realistic drawings

If you liked my previous article onPhotoshop shortcuts, you’ll probably find
this post useful. Here are 26 Illustrator shortcuts that can help you to speed
up productivity. I use most of them (in fact, I can’t work without them). Most
of shortcuts listed in this article aren’t documented in the software, so keep
reading and you’re sure to find at least one new trick to put up your sleeve.
Enjoy

In this tutorial I hope to illustrate some of the process of logo design using Adobe Illustrator. However, I must stress, this is not so much a tutorial on the use of Adobe Illustrator as it is a way to show you one method of the "process" of refining an image to a corporate identity (logo) or stylized illustration.The basic process here could be applied to any application.
It should be noted that the example provided here was done mostly for this tutorial and I have bypassed a few of the earlier stages of logo design and concepting such as thumbnail sketching, etc. The logo is for a company called stone gecko, so I thought an illustration of a chameleon/gecko type animal would be good. Part of the concept originanlly was to make the gecko"s lines apear blocky or stone like, but the process began to go out of the scope of this tutorial so I opted for a more simplified approach.
This tutorial assumes you have at least a basic working knowledge of Illustrator, for example you should know how to select objects and change their outlines and fills. Being comfortable with the pen tool is also a big plus.
All you need tobegin is an image to use for the reference like the one I have below of the gecko.
Now on to the tutorial
to download this course click here

Web Design & Development

2010-10-14T05:22:00.000-07:00

Web Design & Development

1. Why Should your organisation use the web?

To answer this question you’ll need to think about the following areas:

 Who do we communicate with at the moment?

 What types of information do we communicate?

 How might the web might us communicate more efficiently?

 Are there new ways it might help us communicate?

 Which are the areas it may not help us

Be aware that

Creating a Web site is easy, but creating a good one is not!
For organisations that are about communication a bad Web site is worse than no Web site at all!
This is why the planning process is crucial. Creating a web site without knowing how it fits into your

organisations communication and marketing processes should be avoided. Creating a web site with no planning can be easy, just open up your web design package and start. However, you probably won’t be pleased with the results

2. Some reasons to use the web

 To publicise your service

Many organisations start off with a simple site like an on-line brochure. The site can explain
what your organisation does and how people can contact you, and should include the
information that people most often want from you

 Your site is open 24 hours a day; 7 days a week

People can often find it difficult to get to an agency during opening hours. They may be
working or have to care for children, public transport may be poor, or they may have mobility
problems. A website is available at any time, to anyone who can get to a computer

 You can update information immediately

It can take weeks to design and print a leaflet and leaflets can still turn up years after they are outdated. Your web site can always hold accurate and timely information

 You may be able to reach people who don’t use your service now

The Samaritans have provided a well-known phone service for many years. They now also
provide a service by email, publicised on their website. The organisation has found that 9 out
of 10 people who seek help by e-mail wouldn’t use their phone service so they have extended
the service they provide.
 You may be able to link people who would benefit from working together

Using the web people can exchange information and expertise quickly and easily.

 You may be able to develop your service

You can use a website to sell publications or other products, or to take bookings. You can use it to get the latest news to individuals and groups instantly.

 You may be able to build a campaign

The internet is playing an increasingly high-profile role in campaigning. Email and the web
were used, for example, the current anti Iraq war campaign. There are other, more local
examples. North Yorkshire Forum for Voluntary Organisations have campaigned successfully
against local cuts using an online email campaign which circulated briefings and reports
directly to groups and members of the public.
 You may raise your profile

Tony Blair has pledged that all government services will be deliverable in electronic form by
2005, and this reflects the fact that the government is keen to encourage use of the internet.
In general, for an agency to have a website implies to funders and other bodies that the
organisation is forward-thinking and dynamic. It.s not a reason in itself to get a website, but it
is an added bonus of having one.
to download this course click here

(Database Management System (CS403

2010-10-14T05:07:00.000-07:00

Database Management System (CS403)

Physical Record and Denormalization

Denormalization is a technique to move from higher to lower normal forms of
database modeling in order to speed up database access. Denormalization process is
applied for deriving a physical data model from a logical form. In logical data base
design we group things logically related through same primary key. In physical
database design fields are grouped, as they are stored physically and accessed by
DBMS. In general it may decompose one logical relation into separate physical
records, combine some or do both. There is a valid reason for denormalization that is
to enhance the performance. However, there are several indicators, which will help to
identify systems, and tables, which are potential denormalization candidates. These
are:
Many critical queries and reports exist which rely upon data from more than one table.
Often times these requests need to be processed in an on-line environment.
Repeating groups exist which need to be processed in a group instead of individually.
Many calculations need to be applied to one or many columns before queries can be
successfully answered.
Tables need to be accessed in different ways by different users during the same
timeframe.
Certain columns are queried a large percentage of the time. Consider 60% or greater
to be a cautionary number flagging denormalization as an option

We should be aware that each new RDBMS release usually bring enhanced
performance and improved access options that may reduce the need for
denormalization. However, most of the popular RDBMS products on occasion will
require denormalized data structures. There are many different types of denormalized
tables, which can resolve the performance problems caused when accessing fully
normalized data. Denormalization must balance the need for good system response
time with the need to maintain data, while avoiding the various anomalies or problems
associated with denormalized table structures. Denormalization goes hand-in-hand
with the detailed analysis of critical transactions through view analysis. View
analysis must include the specification of primary and secondary access paths for
tables that comprise end-user views of the database. A fully normalized database
schema can fail to provide adequate system response time due to excessive table join
operations

Denormalization Situation 1:

Merge two Entity types into one with one to one relationship. Even if one of the entity
type is optional, so joining can lead to wastage of storage, however if two accessed
together very frequently their merging might be a wise decision. So those two
relations must be merged for better performance, which have one to one relationship.

Denormalization Situation 2:

Many to many binary relationships mapped to three relations. Queries needing data
from two participating ETs need joining of three relations that is expensive. Join is an
expensive operation from execution point of view. It takes time and lot of resources.
Now suppose there are two relations STUDENT and COURSE and there exits a many
to many relationship in between them. So there are three relations STUDENT,
COURSE and ENROLLED in between them. Now if we want to see that a student
has enrolled how many courses. So to get this we will have to join three relations, first
the STUDENT and ENROLLED and then joining it with COURSE, which is quite
expensive. The relation created against relationship is merged with one of the relation
created against participating ETs. Now the join operation will be performed only once.
Consider the following many to many relationship:-
EMP (empID, eName,pjId,Sal)
PROJ (pjId,pjName)
WORK (empId.pjId,dtHired,Sal)
This is a many to many relationship in between EMP and PROJ with a relationship of
WORK. So now if we by de-normalizing these relations and merge the WORK
relation with PROJ relation, which is comparatively smaller one. But in this case it is
violating 2NF and anomalies of 2NF would be there. But there would be only one join
operation involved by joining two tables, which increases the efficiency.
EMP (empID, eName,pjId,Sal)
PROJ (pjId,pjName, empId,dtHired,Sal)
So now it is up to you that you want to weigh the drawbacks and advantages of
denormalization.

Denormalization Situation 3:

Reference Data: One to many situation when the ET on side does not participate in
any other relationship, then many side ET is appended with reference data rather than
the foreign key. In this case the reference table should be merged with the main table

We can see it with STUDENT and HOBBY relations. One student can have one
hobby and one hobby can be adopted by many students. Now in this case the hobby
can be merged with the student relation. So in this case although redundancy of data
would be there, but there would not be any joining of two relations, which will have a
better performance
to download this course click here

Database Management System

2010-10-14T04:58:00.000-07:00

Database Management System

Introduction to the course

This course is first (fundamental) course on database management systems. The course
discusses different topics of the databases. We will be covering both the theoretical and
practical aspects of databases. As a student to have a better understanding of the subject,
it is very necessary that you concentrate on the concepts discussed in the course.
Areas to be covered in this Course:
* Database design and application development: How do we represent a real-world
system in the form of a database? This is one major topic covered in this course. It
comprises of different stages, we will discuss all these stages one by one.
* Concurrency and robustness: How does a DBMS allow many users to access data
concurrently, and how does it protect against failures?
* Efficiency and Scalability: How does the database cope with large amounts of data?

* Study of tools to manipulate databases: In order to practically implement, that is, to
perform different operations on databases some tools are required. The operations
on databases include right from creating them to add, remove and modify data in
the database and to access by different ways. The tools that we will be studying are
a manipulation language (SQL) and a DBMS (SQL Server).

Database definitions:

Definitions are important, especially in technical subjects because definition describes
very comprehensively the purpose and the core idea behind the thing. Databases have
been defined differently in literature. We are discussing different definitions here, if we
concentrate on these definitions, we find that they support each other and as a result of
the understanding of these definitions, we establish a better understanding of use,
working and to some extent the components of a database.
Def 1: A shared collection of logically related data, designed to meet the information
needs of multiple users in an organization. The term database is often erroneously
referred to as a synonym for a “database management system (DBMS)”. They are
not equivalent and it will be explained in the next section.
Def 2: A collection of data: part numbers, product codes, customer information, etc. It
usually refers to data organized and stored on a computer that can be searched and
retrieved by a computer program.
Def 3: A data structure that stores metadata, i.e. data about data. More generally we can
say an organized collection of information.
Def 4: A collection of information organized and presented to serve a specific purpose.
(A telephone book is a common database.) A computerized database is an updated,
organized file of machine readable information that is rapidly searched and
retrieved by computer.
Def 5: An organized collection of information in computerized format.
Def 6: A collection of related information about a subject organized in a useful manner
that provides a base or foundation for procedures such as retrieving information,
drawing conclusions, and making decisions.
Def 7: A Computerized representation of any organizations flow of information and
storage of data.
Each of the above given definition is correct, and describe database from slightly variant
perspectives. From exam point of view, anyone will do. However, within this course, we
will be referring first of the above definitions more frequently, and concepts discussed in
the definition like, logically related data, shared collection should be clear. Another

important thing that you should be very clear about is the difference between database
and the database management system (DBMS). See, the database is the collection of data
about anything, could be anything. Like cricket teams, students, busses, movies,
personalities, stars, seas, buildings, furniture, lab equipment, hobbies, hotels, pets,
countries, and many more anything about which you want to store data. What we mean
by data; simply the facts or figures. Following table shows the things and the data

There could be infinite examples, and please note that the data that is listed about
different things in the above table is not the only data that can be defined or stored about
these things. As has been explained in the definition one above, there could be so many
facts about each thing that we are storing data about; what exactly we will store depends
on the perspective of the person or organization who wants to store the data. For example,
if you consider food, data required to be stored about the food from the perspective of a
cook is different from that of a person eating it. Think of a food, like, Karhahi Ghost, the
facts about Karhahi ghosht that a cook will like to store may be, quantity of salt, green
and red chilies, garlic, water, time required to cook and like that. Where as the customer
is interested in chicken or meat, then black or red chilies, then weight, then price and like
that. Well, definitely there are some things common but some are different as well. The
thing is that the perspective or point of view creates the difference in what we store;
however, the main thing is that the database stores the data.
The database management system (DBMS), on the other hand is the software or tool that
is used to manage the database and its users. A DBMS consist of different components or
subsystem that we will study about later. Each subsystem or component of the DBMS
performs different function(s), so a DBMS is collection of different programs but they all
work jointly to manage the data stored in the database and its users. In many books and
may be in this course sometimes database and database management system are used
interchangeably but there is a clear difference and we should be clear about them.
Sometimes another term is used, that is, the database system, again, this term has been
used differently by different people, however in this course we use the term database
system as a combination of database and the database management system. So database is
collection of data, DBMS is tool to manage this data, and both jointly are called database
system.
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Software Project Management

2010-10-14T04:50:00.000-07:00

Software Project Management

Introduction & Fundamentals

1.1 What is Management?

Basically, the management involves the following activities:
􀂐 Planning- deciding what is to be done
􀂐 Organizing- making arrangements
􀂐 Staffing- selecting the right people for the job
􀂐 Directing- giving instructions
􀂐 Monitoring- checking on progress
􀂐 Controlling- taking action to remedy hold-ups
􀂐 Innovating- coming up with new solutions
􀂐 Representing- liaising with users, etc.

1.2 What is Project Management?

Project Management is the art of maximizing the probability that a project
delivers its goals on Time, to Budget and at the required Quality.
The art of planning for the future has always been a human trait. In essence a
project can be captured on paper with a few simple elements: a start date, an end
date, the tasks that have to be carried out and when they should be finished, and
some idea of the resources (people, machines etc) that will be needed during the
course of the project.
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. Project management
is accomplished through the use of the processes such as: initiating, planning,
executing, controlling, and closing. It is important to note that many of the
processes within project management are iterative in nature. This is in part due to
the existence of and the necessity for progressive elaboration in a project
throughout the project life cycle; i.e., the more you know about your project, the
better you are able to manage it.
Project management is also defined as a strategic competency that has successfully been
applied in such high profile projects as the construction of silk root, organizing and managing the
Olympics Games, and the construction of Islamabad-Lahore motorway, just to name a few. If
project management can play a major role in these success stories, just imagine what it might be
able to do for your own organization.
The term project management is sometimes used to describe an organizational
approach to the management of ongoing operations. This approach, more properly
called management by projects, treats many aspects of ongoing operations as
projects to apply project management techniques to them.

Almost any human activity that involves carrying out a non- repetitive task
can be a project. So we are all project managers! We all practice project
management (PM). But there is a big difference between carrying out a very
simple project involving one or two people and one involving a complex mix of
people, organizations and tasks.

1.3 What is Software Project Management?

When the plan starts to involve different things happening at different times, some
of which are dependent on each other, plus resources required at different times
and in different quantities and perhaps working at different rates, the paper plan
could start to cover a vast area and be unreadable.
Nevertheless, the idea that complex plans could be analyzed by a computer to
allow someone to control a project is the basis of much of the development in
technology that now allows projects of any size and complexity, not only to be
planned, but also modeled to answer 'what if?' questions.
The original programs and computers tended to produce answers long after an
event had taken place. Now, there are many project planning and scheduling
programs that can provide real time information, as well as linking to risk
analysis, time recording, and costing, estimating and other aspects of project
control.
But computer programs are not project management: they are tools for
project managers to use. Project management is all that mix of components of
control, leadership, teamwork, resource management etc that goes into a
successful project.
Project managers can be found in all industries. Their numbers have grown
rapidly as industry and commerce has realized that much of what it does is project
work. And as project-based organizations have started to emerge, project
management is becoming established as both a professional career path and a way
of controlling business.
So opportunities in project management now exist not only in being a project
manager, but also as part of the support team in a project or program office or as a
team leader for part of a project. There are also qualifications that can be attained
through the professional associations

1.4 What is a Project?

A project is an activity with specific goals which takes place over a finite
period of time.
“A temporary organization that is needed to produce a unique and pre-defined
outcome or result at a pre-specified time using pre-determined resources”
Projects are often implemented as a means of achieving an organization’s
strategic plan. Operations and projects differ primarily in that operations are
ongoing and repetitive while projects are temporary and unique. A project can
thus be defined in terms of its distinctive characteristics—a project is a temporary
endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service. Temporary means
that every project has a definite beginning and a definite end. Unique means that
the product or service is different in some distinguishing way from all other
products or services. For many organizations, projects are a means to respond to
those requests that cannot be addressed within the organization’s normal
operational limits.
Projects are undertaken at all levels of the organization. They may involve a
single person or many thousands. Their duration ranges from a few weeks to more
than five years. Projects may involve a single unit of one organization or may
cross organizational boundaries, as in joint ventures and partnering.
Examples of projects include:
• Developing a new product or service.
• Effecting a change in structure, staffing, or style of an organization.
• Designing a new transportation vehicle.
• Developing or acquiring a new or modified information system.
• Constructing a building or facility.
• Building a water system for a community in a developing country.
• Running a campaign for political office.
• Implementing a new business procedure or process.
1. Temporary
Temporary means that every project has a definite beginning and a definite end.
The end is reached when the project’s objectives have been achieved, or it
becomes clear that the project objectives will not or cannot be met, or the need for
the project no longer exists and the project is terminated. Temporary does not
necessarily mean short in duration; many projects last for several years. In every
case, however, the duration of a project is finite; projects are not ongoing efforts.
2. Unique, Product Service or Result
Projects involve creating something that has not been done in exactly the same
way before and which is, therefore, unique and distinct. Projects create:
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Software Engineering Best Practices

2010-10-14T04:33:00.000-07:00

Software Engineering Best Practices

Foreword

Software Engineering is about people—the people who have a need for
and use software, the people who build software, the people who test
software, the people who manage software projects, and the people who
support and maintain software. So why is it that the emphasis of software
engineering still concentrates on the technology?
How old is the business of software development? Let’s settle on
55 years. That means a full generation has moved through the industry.
These people were trained, spent their lives working on software, and
are now retired or close to retirement. In their time, they have seen
innumerable promises of “a better way”—silver bullets by the score.
There have been thousands of new programming languages, all manner
of methodologies, and a plethora of new tools. It sometimes seems as
if the software industry is as strongly driven by fads and fashion as
the garment industry. Many practitioners become apostolic in their
worship of a particular approach, practice, or tool—for a while at
least. But when the metrics are collected and analyzed, the sad truth
is revealed—as an industry we have not made a great deal of progress.
There have been no major breakthroughs that have led to the painless
production of quality software delivered on time and within a predicted
cost. And the skeptics ask, “Is software engineering an oxymoron?”
Our fixation on technology blinds us. We don’t want to, or can’t, see
the need to embrace basic, sound engineering practices. In this book,
Capers Jones contends that if the software industry wants to be recognized
as an engineering discipline, rather than a craft, then it must
employ solid engineering practices to deliver an acceptable result, economically.
Technology is fascinating, but it is not the most important
factor when it comes to doing good work and delivering a good result.
The way people work, the choices they make, and the disciplines they
choose to apply, will have more impact on the success of a software
project than the choice of technology.
There must be times when Capers feels like a prophet alone in a desert.
He has been tirelessly providing the software industry with guidance

Introduction

Between the time this book was started and the time it was completed,
the global recession began. As a result, this book moved in a somewhat
different direction than older books dealing with software engineering.
Due to the recession, the book now includes material on dealing with
layoffs and downsizing; on the changing economic balance between the
United States and other countries; and on the economics of software
during a recessionary period.
Software engineering was not immediately affected by the financial
crisis and the recession when it started in 2008, but as time passed,
venture funds began to run out. Other forms of financing for software
companies became difficult, so by the middle of 2009, software engineering
positions were starting to be affected by layoffs. Specialty positions
such as quality assurance and technical writing have been affected
even more severely, since such positions are often the first to go during
economic downturns.
One unexpected byproduct of the recession is that the availability of
software engineers combined with a reduction in compensation has made
the United States a candidate for becoming an outsource country.
As of 2009, the cost differentials between the United States, India,
and China are being lowered, and the convenience of domestic contracts
versus international contracts may prove to be beneficial for the software
engineering community of the United States.
As the recession continues, the high costs of software are being examined
more seriously than in the past. The recession also highlights the
fact that software has always been insecure. Due to the recession, cybercrime
such as the theft of valuable information, identity theft, and even
embezzlement are increasing rapidly. There are also sharp increases in
“phishing” or attempting to use false messages to gain access to personal
bank accounts.

From the author’s viewpoint, the recession is highlighting four critical
areas where software engineering needs to improve to become a solid
engineering discipline rather than a craft:
1. Software security needs to be improved organically by raising the
immunity levels of applications and including better security features
in programming languages themselves. Access control and
permissions are weak links in software engineering.
2. Software quality needs to be improved in terms of both defect prevention
methods and defect removal methods. Poor quality has damaged
the economics of software for 50 years, and this situation cannot continue.
Every major application needs to use effective combinations of
inspections, static analysis, and testing. Testing alone is inadequate
to achieve high quality levels.
3. Software measurements need to be improved in order to gain better
understanding of the true economic picture of software development
and software maintenance. This implies moving to activity-based
costs. Better measurement also implies analyzing the flaws of traditional
metrics such as “cost per defect” and “lines of code,” which
violate the rules of standard economics.
4. Due to the recession, new development is slowing down, so the economics
of software maintenance and renovation need to be better
understood. Methods of preserving and renovating legacy applications
are increasingly important, as are methods of mining legacy
applications for “lost” requirements and business rules.
As of 2009, the great majority of companies and the great majority of
software engineers have no effective measurements of either productivity
or quality. This is not a suitable situation for a true engineering discipline.
Lack of measurements combined with hazardous metrics mean
that evaluating the effectiveness of methods such as Agile, Rational
Unified Process (RUP), and the Team Software Process (TSP) is harder
than it should be.
While the lack of measurements and the ability to judge the effectiveness
of software engineering methods and practices was inconvenient
when the economy was growing, it is a serious problem during a recession.
Poor measurements have made phrases such as “best practices”
embarrassing for software, because a majority of the best-practice claims
have not been based on solid measurements using valid metrics.
This book attempts to show a combination of metrics and measurements
that can demonstrate effectiveness and hopefully place software
engineering on a sound economic basis. The “best practices” described
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Software Engineering

2010-10-14T04:26:00.000-07:00

Software Engineering

Introduction

This course is a continuation of the first course on Software Engineering. In order to
set the context of our discussion, let us first look at some of the definitions of software
engineering.
Software Engineering is the set of processes and tools to develop software. Software
Engineering is the combination of all the tools, techniques, and processes that used in
software production. Therefore Software Engineering encompasses all those things
that are used in software production like:
• Programming Language
• Programming Language Design
• Software Design Techniques
• Tools
• Testing
• Maintenance
• Development etc.
So all those thing that are related to software are also related to software engineering.
Some of you might have thought that how programming language design could be
related to software engineering. If you look more closely at the software engineering
definitions described above then you will definitely see that software engineering is
related to all those things that are helpful in software development. So is the case with
programming language design. Programming language design is one of the major
successes in last fifty years. The design of Ada language was considered as the
considerable effort in software engineering.
These days object-oriented programming is widely being used. If programming
languages will not support object-orientation then it will be very difficult to
implement object-oriented design using object-oriented principles. All these efforts
made the basis of software engineering.
Well-Engineered Software
Let’s talk something about what is well-engineered software. Well-engineered
software is one that has the following characteristics.
• It is reliable
• It has good user-interface
• It has acceptable performance
• It is of good quality
• It is cost-effective
Every company can build software with unlimited resources but well-engineered
software is one that conforms to all characteristics listed above

Software has very close relationship with economics. When ever we talk about
engineering systems we always first analyze whether this is economically feasible or
not. Therefore you have to engineer all the activities of software development while
keeping its economical feasibility intact.
The major challenges for a software engineer is that he has to build software within
limited time and budget in a cost-effective way and with good quality
Therefore well-engineered software has the following characteristics.
• Provides the required functionality
• Maintainable
• Reliable
• Efficient
• User-friendly
• Cost-effective
But most of the times software engineers ends up in conflict among all these goals. It
is also a big challenge for a software engineer to resolve all these conflicts.

The Balancing Act!

Software Engineering is actually the balancing act. You have to balance many things
like cost, user friendliness, Efficiency, Reliability etc. You have to analyze which one
is the more important feature for your software is it reliability, efficiency, user
friendliness or something else. There is always a trade-off among all these
requirements of software. It may be the case that if you try to make it more userfriendly
then the efficiency may suffer. And if you try to make it more cost-effective
then reliability may suffer. Therefore there is always a trade-off between these
characteristics of software.
These requirements may be conflicting. For example, there may be tension among the
following:
• Cost vs. Efficiency
• Cost vs. Reliability
• Efficiency vs. User-interface
A Software Engineer is required to analyze these conflicting entities and tries to strike
a balance
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Fundamentals of Image Processing

2010-10-14T04:18:00.000-07:00

Fundamentals of Image Processing

Introduction

Modern digital technology has made it possible to manipulate multi-dimensional
signals with systems that range from simple digital circuits to advanced parallel
computers. The goal of this manipulation can be divided into three categories:
• Image Processing image in ® image out
• Image Analysis image in ® measurements out
• Image Understanding image in ® high-level description out
We will focus on the fundamental concepts of image processing. Space does not
permit us to make more than a few introductory remarks about image analysis.
Image understanding requires an approach that differs fundamentally from the
theme of this book. Further, we will restrict ourselves to two–dimensional (2D)
image processing although most of the concepts and techniques that are to be
described can be extended easily to three or more dimensions. Readers interested in
either greater detail than presented here or in other aspects of image processing are
referred to [1-10]
We begin with certain basic definitions. An image defined in the “real world” is
considered to be a function of two real variables, for example, a(x,y) with a as the
amplitude (e.g. brightness) of the image at the real coordinate position (x,y). An
image may be considered to contain sub-images sometimes referred to as
…Image Processing Fundamentals
2
regions–of–interest, ROIs, or simply regions. This concept reflects the fact that
images frequently contain collections of objects each of which can be the basis for a
region. In a sophisticated image processing system it should be possible to apply
specific image processing operations to selected regions. Thus one part of an image
(region) might be processed to suppress motion blur while another part might be
processed to improve color rendition.
The amplitudes of a given image will almost always be either real numbers or
integer numbers. The latter is usually a result of a quantization process that converts
a continuous range (say, between 0 and 100%) to a discrete number of levels. In
certain image-forming processes, however, the signal may involve photon counting
which implies that the amplitude would be inherently quantized. In other image
forming procedures, such as magnetic resonance imaging, the direct physical
measurement yields a complex number in the form of a real magnitude and a real
phase. For the remainder of this book we will consider amplitudes as reals or
integers unless otherwise indicated.

Digital Image Definitions

A digital image a[m,n] described in a 2D discrete space is derived from an analog
image a(x,y) in a 2D continuous space through a sampling process that is
frequently referred to as digitization. The mathematics of that sampling process will
be described in Section 5. For now we will look at some basic definitions
associated with the digital image. The effect of digitization is shown in Figure 1.
The 2D continuous image a(x,y) is divided into N rows and M columns. The
intersection of a row and a column is termed a pixel. The value assigned to the
integer coordinates [m,n] with {m=0,1,2,…,M–1} and {n=0,1,2,…,N–1} is a[m,n].
In fact, in most cases a(x,y)—which we might consider to be the physical signal
that impinges on the face of a 2D sensor—is actually a function of many variables
including depth (z), color (l), and time (t). Unless otherwise stated, we will
consider the case of 2D, monochromatic, static images in this chapter.
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