Learning Center Red Cross

INJURY

noreply@blogger.com (Blog Darjo) — Sun, 7 Mar 2010 01:06:00 +0700

Introduction
Injury classification based on classified

Degree of contamination (clean, contaminated, infected)
The extent of tissue damage
Mechanism:

Trauma, chemical, thermal, electrical, radiation
Injuries hit high / low velocity

Classification describes:

Degrees of damage
Penyulit possibilities that will arise
Actions that must be done immediately

When did injury can be closed and how?

Closing injury is influenced by:

Degree of contamination
The risk of infection

How close depends Injury:

Injury Type
Is there a missing tissue (tissue loss or defect)

1. Debridement

The most important (Best solution for polution is dilution)
Principle 3E (exploration, non-vital tissue excision, evacuation of foreign objects)
Antibiotics can not replace
Minimum of 10 liters copy
Do without a strong pressure (washed)
Dilution is the solution for polution
Performed aseptically and antiseptics
Swab tests done earlier cultures and resistance tests

2. Closing Injury
Primary closure criteria

All the networks have no necrotik
Good blood circulation
Patient's general condition is stable
Injury can be closed without the strain
No dead space
No multisystem injuries

If the criteria are not met:

Split skin graft
Pedicle or flap graft
Secondary suturing (2 - 3 weeks)
Sew without strain
Biological dressings (homologous or heterologous)
Leave open, regular dressing, wound inspection, delayed suture

3. Antibiotics

Can not replace debridement
Parenteral
Broad-spectrum, hypoallergenic
Adequate blood serum

FRACTURE

noreply@blogger.com (Blog Darjo) — Sat, 6 Mar 2010 23:12:00 +0700

DEFINITIONS

The loss of continuity (discontinuity)
Bone, cartilage, joints, cartilage epiphyseal
Total or partial
Result: a pathological mobility, loss of bone support functions, great pain

MECHANISM

As a result of giving the force / stress on the excessive bone, single or multiple (overloading force)
Style is happening: turn, bend, along the axis of the bone, pull, mixed
Trauma caused by direct or indirect

CLASSIFICATION

AETIOLOGICAL

Trauma, trauma due to a sudden
Pathological, abnormal bone with mild trauma
Stress, the constant emphasis

CLINICAL

Closed fracture, - no relation with the outside world
Open fracture, - no relation with the outside world
Fracture with complications (neglected) - malunion, delayedunion, infection, nonunion

RADIOLOGIST

Localization diafisis, metaphysical, intraartikuler,
Configuration transverse, oblique, kominutif, impaksi, wedges, etc.
Extension total, partial, greenstick
The relationship between fragment Angulasi, overridding, distraction

CLINICAL EXAMINATION

Case Trauma - ATLS
Primary survey

Airways
Breathing
Circulation

Secondary survey
Anamnesis

The mechanism of trauma, limb dysfunction, often people can feel the existence of a fracture

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Look / inspection

Compare this with a healthy
Deformities that occur
Wounds and bleeding
Injured elsewhere

Feel / palpation

Vaskularisasi sign of disturbance in the distal fracture region
Neurological examination
Krepitasi, motion pain, tenderness, pain axis?? - Do no harm

RADIOLOGIST
Plain

2 seems the most adjacent joints
At least 2 projections (AP - Lateral)
Do X-rays in children in the healthy side as a comparison
X-rays done on other bone fractures that are often experienced together (Fr. Femur and pelvis, fr. Calcaneus and lumbar)
Absolute fracture treatment

CT Scanning
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

MANAGEMENT
Principle:

Best repositioning
Keep the repositioning
Rehabilitation

Pre-hospital emergency

Stabilization: splint, collar / neck brace
Stop the bleeding: dressing press
Prevent contamination: wash wounds, fractures do not let fragments repositioned without adequate washing

Hospital / definitive
Acceptable reposition

Contacts> 50%
Angulasi <
Rotation (-)

Keep repositioning

Traction bone / skin
Plaster cast (casting)
Internal fixation
External fixation

Rehabilitation

Restore limb function
Preventing arising penyulit (dekubitus, myositis)
Helps the healing process of bone and joint movement

BLS (Basic Life Support) AND CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resucitation)

noreply@blogger.com (Blog Darjo) — Wed, 3 Mar 2010 15:27:00 +0700

2 System (Part) In The Human Body Main

Breath System
Circulatory system

Human Body

Storing Food In several Sunday
Saving Water In a few days
Saving Oxygen Within a few minutes.

2 Respiration Components Are:

Mouth and Nose
Pharing,
Epiglottis
Larynx
Tracheal
Bronchus
Lung
Diafrahma & Respiratory muscle aids

Circulation System Compoents Are:

Heart
Blood vessels (3 Sources)
Blood

Dead

Clinical Dead

At the time of patient examination found no bleeding system function and respiratory system (Reversible)

Biologically DeadCell death / tissue permanent nature. In humans the most rapid damage occurs in the brain (Irreversible)

The signs must die:a. Bruised corpseb. Rigor mortisc. Decayd. Other signs: fatal injury.
4 components of the chain of survivala. The speed of the requests for assistanceb. Heart lung resuscitation (CPR)c. Defibrilasid. HELP living information

3 components of the Basic Life Supporta. A (airway control): penguasan airwayb. B (Breathing Support): CPRc. C (Circulatory Suport) circulatory assistance (external heart massage) and stop the bleeding big.

2 main causes of airway obstruction

tongue (in adults with no response)
Foreign body (in infants and small children)

2 different ways to open airway

Engineering chin-press his forehead (if there is no head trauma, neck, spine).
furtherance jaw thrust maneuver

I check my breath

By way LLF (Look, Listen, Feel) for 3-5 seconds.

2 techniques to clear the airway

Placing the recovery position
finger sweep

Recognizing the airway obstruction

Partial Obstruction: patient attempts to breathe, perhaps accompanied by an additional breath sounds like a thrashing, snoring, mouth, etc..
Obstruction Total: people with difficulty breathing and eventually would lose consciousness

How to overcome the blockage of the airway in the patientTotal airway obstruction can be overcome with Heimlich Manuveur, namely:

stomping stomach: the location of compression in the mid-rib of the meeting right / left with the navel.
pounding his chest: the location of compression in the mid-sternum

CPR basic principles CPR Technique 2: i. Using mouth helper:

CPR mouth to mask
mouth to the protection equipment
mouth to mouth / nose

ii. Using the tools: pocket mask berkatup (BVM / Bag Valve Mask) Danger to the helper in the gift of breath from mouth to mouth;

spread of disease

Chemical contamination

patient vomit

Artificial breathing frequency Untk granting each patient age group.

Adults: 10-12 x respiratory / min, each 1.5-2 seconds
Children (1-8 years): 20 x breath / min, respectively 1-1.5 seconds
Infants (0-1 years): more than 20 x breath / minute, each second 1-1.5
Newborns: 40 x breath / min, respectively 1-1.5 seconds

Adequate respiratory signs, lack of adequate and not breathing i. Adequate respiratory signs:

chest and abdomen up and down with respiratory sirama
The patient was comfortable
Frequency enough (12-20x/menit)

ii. Lack of adequate respiratory signs:

poor chest movement
There is an additional breathing
Working auto ventilator
cyanosis (bluish skin)
Frequency of breath less / excess
mental status changes

iii. Signs not breathing:

There is no movement of the chest / abdomen
There was no air flow through the mouth / nose
There were gusts of breath from the mouth / nose.

Basic principles Circulation Help Help circulation done by external cardiac massage, external cardiac massage depth:

Adults: 4 - 5 cm
Children and infants: 3 - 4 cm
Infants: 1.5 to 2.5 cm

Principle Heart Lung Resuscitate (CPR) Action CPR is a combination of the three components A, B, and C. Before performing CPR, the helper must ensure:

No response
There is no breath
There is no pulse

Base CPR must be hard and flat
a. Ratio of 2 types of CPR i. Adults known ratio 2:

2 helper: 30:2 (30 times out of a heart massage, 2 times a hoot) per cycle
1 helper: 30:2 (30 times out of a heart massage, 2 times a hoot) per silkus

ii. Child and infant known only 1 ratio: 5:1 (5 times out of a heart massage, 1 time blowing) per silkus

b. Emphasis on the principle of heart massage for Foreign External cardiac massage can be done because the heart is located between the sternum and spine. Location padaPijat cardiac massage points out: i. Adults: 2 fingers above the bottom rack of the meeting right / left, using 2 hands. ii. Children: 2 fingers above the bottom rack of the meeting right / left, using 1 hand. iii. Infants: 1 finger below the imaginary line between the nipples baby, using 2 fingers (middle finger and ring finger)
c. 6 signs CPR performed properly i. When performing external cardiac massage, get someone carotid pulse rate, if there is pressure pulse so we pretty well. ii. Chest movement up / down very well as providing assistance breathing. iii. Reaction pupils may return to normal iv. Patient skin color gradually returned to improve v. There may be swallowing reflexes and moves vi. Nadi will beat again

d. 5 kinds of complications that can occur in CPR i. Broken sternum / ribs ii. Leaking of the lungs (pneumothorak) iii. Bleeding in the lungs / chest cavity (hemothorak) iv. Cuts and bruises in the lungs v. Tear in the liver
e. 4 circumstances in which action to stop CPR i. patients recovered ii. helper fatigue iii. taken over by the same power or more trained iv. if there are signs must die

Basic Anatomy And Physiology

noreply@blogger.com (Blog Darjo) — Wed, 3 Mar 2010 15:26:00 +0700

Anatomy (body structure): the science of studying the composition reply form or the body and known to science explained dg
Physiology (body physiology): yg studying physiological sciences (function) part of the tool or tissue
Anatomical position: standing upright, arms at your sides, palms facing forward.
Medial field: dividing the body into 2 parts left and right.
Frontal field: dividing the body into 2 parts ie front (anterior) and rear (posterior)
Transverse field: divides the body into 2 parts namely the (superior) and bottom (inferior)

Anatomical Position

Imagination Field Body Dividers

Proximal: close to the reference point / axis of the body
Distal: away from the reference point / axis of the body

Parts of the body:

Head: skull, face and lower jaw
Neck
Trunk body: chest, abdomen, back and pelvis
Members of motion for: shoulder joint, upper arm, forearm, elbow, wrist and hand
Lower limbs: hip joint, leg up (thigh), knee, lower leg, ankle and foot.

Body Cavity

Division of Abdominal Cavity

The human body is composed of: the cell network --- --- --- organ system
System in the human body:

System framework
Muscular system / muscular
Respiratory System / Respiratory
Circulatory system / circulation
The nervous system / nerve
Digestive system / digestive
System clogged glands / endocrine
Urinary System / Urinary
Skin
Sensory
Reproductive System

System framework: classification of bone: long bone / pipe, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid
Division order system:

bone head
order chest
spine and pelvis
limb bones of
lower limb bones

Composition of the framework:

Skull brain: composed of the brain, skull base
The skull's face: the nose, jaw, tongue tl
Spine: neck, back, hips, crotch and topsy-turvy
Framework of the chest: sternum and ribs
Pelvic bone: bone intestines, and pubic bone tuberosities
Members of motion of: clavicle, scapula, radius, ulna, a bone lever, tanagan wrist bone, tl palms and finger bones.
Lower limb: thigh bone, knee bone, shin, ankle bones, foot bones and toe bones.

The framework:

Supporting body
Protects organs
Places attached muscles and body movement
Gives the body shape of the building

Frame System

Muscle systems: yg enables the body organs can be moved
Classified into:

Skeletal muscle / shift latitude / striated
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle: a self-moving equipment and maintain an active posture, moved on the orders of the brain, in a state of rest remains a tension / muscle tone
Composition of skeletal muscle: the muscles of the head, neck, shoulders, chest, abdomen, back, base of upper arm, lower arm around the pelvis, upper and lower limbs

Muscle tone functions:

Maintaining the attitude and position of the body
Cavity changes by holding the abdominal muscles
Keep blood pressure by the muscles of the blood vessel wall

Smooth muscle: injure the body of work without realizing it, ill-based command but by stimulating the brain, the body structure diyemukan shaped tubuler spt yg gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, blood vessels, respiratory tract in the lungs
Cardiac muscle: a blend of smooth muscle and striated muscle, has its own electrical system, can set their own pace and without the command frequency of the brain

Muscle System

Respiratory system is divided into 2:

Breathing in (gas exchange in the network)
External respiration (gas exchange in the lungs)

Composition:

Airways of: mouth, nose and farings
Lower respiratory tract: the base, stem and bronchus
Lung
Respiratory muscles: chest diaphragm, chest wall muscles, muscle ventilator.
Alveoli (where gas exchange)
The brain (the central respiratory regulation

Respiratory System

Respiratory Function:

Taking oxygen
Removing carbon dioxide
Warms and moisturizes the air

The process of breathing:

Inhale / inspiration / ekshalasi
Exhale / expiratory / ekshalasi

4-6 minutes of oxygen will cause brain damage
Usually 8-10 minutes will menyebabakan brain cell death
How to breathing: respiratory chest and abdomen

Breathing Process

Blood circulation system:

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood and its components
Lymph channels

heart: a muscular organ dg berbentu cone peak below and above the base, between the 2 lungs, chest tl behind, facing to the left and work autonomously
Blood vessels:

Pulse of blood vessels / arteries
Veins / venous
Hair vascular / capillary

Circulatory System

Heart

Blood Vessels

Capillary has a function:

Interface arteries and veins
Place of substance exchange between blood and tissue fluid
Taking the results of the gland
Absorb the nutrients in the gut
Kidneys filter the blood in

Lymph channels: soft tissue is very small capillaries in the tissues of organs, collecting, sorting and distributing the lymph fluid into the blood to clear the network

The function of blood;

Transporter: oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrient substances and substances are not useful
Immune disease
Mengedarakan heat throughout the body
Helps blood clot when there is injury

Composition of blood:

Water
Protein
Mineral
Organic materials

The amount of blood in the body: ± 1 / 13 x BB or 8%

Blood consists of:

Liquid plasma in which dissolved nutrients, waste and immune substances
Red blood cells: ± 5 million / mm ³
White blood cells (5000-10.000/mm ³)
Platelets (200.000-400.000/mm ³)

Factors affecting circulation reply:

Contents and blood components
Pressure and blood vessels
Heart conditions and blood vessels

Circulation consists of: a small circulation and a large
Pulse; every heart beat it will be forwarded through the arteries
Nervous system: the organ reply, and working to coordinate with the body kejasama
The division of the nervous system:

Central nervous system:

a. Brain: the cerebrum, brain stem small and
b. Spinal tube

2. Composition sarag edge:

a. Somatic nervous system
b. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic

Function:

a. Sensory (received ransang)
b. Motor: regulate movement, other systems, consciousness, language and emotion

Brain

Spinal Nerve

Digestive system: the channel receiving food from outside for absorbed thereby help digest dg caie enzymes and substances from the mouth to the anus
Composition:

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine: gut 12 fingers, jejenum and ileum
Large intestine: seikum, ascending colon, appendix, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, intestine and rectum axis

Gastrointestinal Composition

Sap digestive organs:

Salivary gland
Gastric lymph
Gland liver
Pancreatic gland
Intestinal lymph

Function: process becomes makann posterior nutrients are absorbed into the blood, every part of the digestive arrangement has funsi each for helping the process of respiration
Endocrine system: glands clogged / adalh endocrine gland secretory hasi wrote submit to blood dala in glandular tissue without passing through the channel and the result is called hormone sekrersinya
Endocrine organs:

Gland hipofise
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Suprarenal gland
Thymus gland
Gland pinealis
Gonad

Endocrine system function

Generate tissue for hormones
Control the body's glands work
Stimulate the body's glands work
Merangsng tissue growth
Regulate metabolism, oxidation, and increased absorption in the small intestine glukiosa
Affect the metabolism of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water

Effect of deficiency or excess production will cause endocrine diseases
Urinary system: the blood screening process to absorb the reply is used to free the body and substance are not used body reply
Composition:

Kidneys: urinary issue, attached directly to the rear wall of the stomach waist-high segment of the third bone in the left and right
Ureter
Bladder
urethra

Renal function:

Excrete toxins
Regulate fluid balance
Adjust the salt concentration of the blood
Regulate blood acid base
Removing the remaining metabolism: ammonia, creatinine

Composition of Urinary System

Skin: network layer on the outside, cover and protect the surface of the body, mucous membranes associated reply cavities covering the entrance hole
Composition:

Cuticle layer
Skin layer hides
Subcutaneous layer

Functions of skin:

Preventing injury
Protection against microorganisms
Maintaining body temperature
Regulate fluid balance
Tools stimulation from the outside
Sensory organs: around, pressure, temperature and pain

Skin Structure

Five senses: an organ for receiving types of stimulation (stimulus) a particular skin layer
Sight (eye) is composed of:

Aids eye: cavity of the eye, eyebrows, eyelids, tear glands, eye muscle
Eyeball

Function: sight as acceptor stimulation of rays on the retina through the optic nerve fibers to the visual centers in the brain to interpret.

Eyes

Eye Pupil

Sense of hearing (ears) are composed:

Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

Function as a process of hearing and balance
Sense of smell (nose): a tool of smell located in the nasal cavity, out of the olfactory nerve endings. These nerve fibers appeared at the top of the mucous membranes professed as olfactory bulbus. The smell of the nasal cavity entrant will stimulate the olfactory nerves, stimulating forwarded to the central olfactory
Sense of taste (tongue): as the senses of taste, is located on the floor of the mouth is covered by mucous membrane and move in any direction. Mucous membranes and pharynx contains nipple nipple-buds.
Composition: the base of the tongue, back of the tongue and the tip of the tongue.
Function:

Feel the sense of food.
Refles tool, with the sense to stimulate the digestive sap out

Kinds of taste: bitter at the base of the tongue, sweet tip of the tongue, salty on the tip & side of the tongue, sour on the side of the tongue
Reproductive system: the reproductive organs to form the genital tract associated with Urinary tract. On the second man this tract is directly related to women are not united.
Composition tool male genitalia:

Glands: testes, seminal vesika, prostate, bulbouretralis
Gland duktuli: epididymis, seminal duct, urethra
Wake connector: scrotum, penis fenikulus spermatikus

Composition means female genitalia:

External genitalia Tools: tundun, big lips, small lips, klentit, porch, hymen and perineum
Tools genitalia in: liang genitalia, uterus and ovaries

Function:

Reproductive organs
Testes produce sperm
Ovaries produce ova
These organs also produce hormones reply form male and female

Female Reproductive Organ

Male Reproductive Organ

FIRST AID INTRO

noreply@blogger.com (Blog Darjo) — Wed, 3 Mar 2010 15:25:00 +0700

The cause of death due to work

Understanding First Aid

Immediate relief to people with illness or injury / accident that requires basic medical treatment

Basic Medical

Maintenance actions based on medical science that can be owned by the layman or the laity specially trained. Limit is in accordance with the certificate owned by the Executors First Aid.

Medical First Responder

The first helpers arrived on the scene, which has the ability and trained in basic medical treatment

First Aid Goals

1. Patients lifesaving

2. Preventing disability

3. Give comfort and support the healing process

MFR Liabilities

1. Maintain safety

2. Reach victims

3. Recognize and overcome life-threatening problems

4. Ask for help

5. Provide assistance in accordance with the state of the victim ... ....

6. Helping first-aid actors

7. Medical confidentiality

8. Communication

9. Preparing transportation

MFR Quality

1. Honest and responsible

2. Professional

3. Emotional maturity

4. Socialization

5. Real abilities measured

6. Good physical condition

7. Pride

Self Protection Equipment

Equipment protection should always be worn when doing tasks

Endemic infection

Infection or infectious disease is a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another, or from animal / environment to humans.
MFR must continue to protect themselves from the risk of disease transmission

International Humanitarian Law

noreply@blogger.com (Blog Darjo) — Wed, 3 Mar 2010 15:24:00 +0700

IHL History

Wrong if we say that the establishment of the Red Cross in the year 1863 or the adoption of the first Geneva Convention of 1864 marks the birth of humanitarian law as we know today. As no single people who do not have a set of rules, so there never was a war that has no clear rules or vague that regulate the beginning and end of hostilities, as well as how the war was conducted.

IHL has since before terintis Movement stood. At first there was no written rules on customs governing armed conflict. Then bilateral treaties (cartels) that Detail different rules, gradually came into effect. The parties to a conflict sometimes ratified after the hostilities ended. There are also regulations issued by the state to his troops (see "Lieber Code"). Laws that have limited time to time and place, because it only applies to one battle or specific conflict. The rule also vary, depending on the time, place, morality and civility.

From the very beginning of the war until the emergence of contemporary humanitarian law, more than 500 cartel, the rules of action (Code of Conduct), agreements and other writings that are designed to regulate the conflict has been recorded. This includes Lieber Code, which came into force in April 1863 and has significant value because it marks the first attempt to codify the laws and customs of war existing. However, unlike the Geneva Kovensi formed a year after that, Lieber Code does not have the status of treaties as a means because it is only applicable to the Union soldiers who fought during the Civil War.

There were two men play an important role in the formation of the next IHL, the Henry Dunant and Guillaume-Henri Dufour. Dunant formulated the idea in memory of Solferino (A Memory of Solferino), published in 1862. Based on his experiences in the war, General Dufour without wasting time donating his moral support, one to lead the Diplomatic Conference in 1864.

To the proposal from the five founding members of the ICRC, the Swiss Government held a Diplomatic Conference in 1864, which was attended by 16 countries that adopted the Geneva Convention for the improvement of wound condition and pain in the armed forces on the battlefield land.

Definition

International humanitarian law forms a large part of Public and International Law consists of rules that protect people who do not or no longer involved in the dispute and limit the tools and how to fight in the armed conflict.

More precisely, the ICRC is a humanitarian law applicable during armed conflict is all the provisions of international treaties and customs which intends to overcome the humanitarian problems arising during an international armed conflict and non-international law limits on the basis of humanitarian , the rights of the parties involved in the conflict to choose methods and means of warfare, as well as provide protection to people who become victims and properties affected by armed conflict.

Combatants should attack only military targets, must respect non-combatants and civilian objects and to avoid excessive use of force. Terms of international humanitarian law, humanitarian law, law of armed conflict and the law of war can be said the same understanding. International organizations, universities and even countries tend to use the term international humanitarian law (or humanitarian law), while the term armed conflict law and common law of war used by the armed forces. Indonesian Red Cross itself uses the term international humanitarian law.

Law of Geneva and Hague Law

International humanitarian law (IHL) - also known as the law of armed conflict or the laws of war - has two separate branches:

Law Geneva, or humanitarian law, the law that established to protect military personnel who no longer engage in wars and those who are not actively involved in the dispute, especially the civilian population;
The Hague Law, or the law of war, is a law which determines rights and obligations of the parties in carrying out military operations and limit the way the attack.

Both branches of the IHL is not completely separate, because the effect of some rules in the Hague law is to protect victims of conflict, while the effect of a Geneva law is to limit the actions taken by the parties in the war. By adopting the 1977 Additional Protocol to combine the two branches of the IHL, the above distinction has now only historical and educational value.

Principle

Humanitarian law is based on the principle of distinction between combatants and non-combatants and between civilian objects and military objects. The principle of necessity or humanitarian and military interests, the need to maintain a balance between the interests of humanity on the one hand with the military and security needs on the other. The principle of prevention of unnecessary suffering (suffering unecessary), namely the right parties to choose ways and means of war is not unlimited, and the parties are not allowed to cause suffering and destruction is beyond the limit and not commensurate with the purpose to be achieved, namely to weaken or destroy the opponent's military potential. The principle of proportionality, trying to maintain a balance between two different interests, the interests of the consideration of military needs, and the other based on the demands of humanity, if the right or restriction is not absolute.

Basic Rules

The ICRC has formulated the seven rules that cover the core of international perikemanusian law. These rules have no legal force as a tool of international law and is not intended to replace the treaties in force.

People who do not or can no longer take part in the dispute should have respect for life, the integrity of self-esteem and physical. In each condition, they must dilidungi and treated humanely, without any distinction based on.
Forbidden to kill or injure an opponent who surrender or who can no longer take part in the battle.
The wounded and sick must be collected and treated by the warring parties that control them. Medical personnel, medical facilities, medical transportation and medical equipment must be protected. Red cross emblem or the red crescent on a white base is a sign of protection of personnel and objects mentioned above, and must be respected.
Combatants and civilians who are under the control of the other party is entitled to respect for life, dignity, personal rights, political belief, religion and other beliefs. They must be protected from all forms of violence or revenge. They are entitled to communicate with their families and are eligible to receive assistance.
Everyone is entitled to judicial guarantees and no one can be sued for liable for an act that did not commit. No one can be targets of physical or mental abuse or corporal punishment is cruel or degrading treatment options.
None of the conflict nor members of its armed forces have an unlimited right to choose methods and means of war. Forbidden to use the tools and how to fight a potential cause of suffering and unnecessary loss.
Parties in conflict must always distinguish between civilians and combatants in order to protect civilians and their property. Civilian population, in whole or individual must not be attacked. The assault only be done solely to military objects.

Geneva Conventions

1864 Geneva Convention laid the foundations for the modern humanitarian law. The main characters are:

written rules that have international reach to protect victims of conflict;
multilateral nature, open to all countries;
there is an obligation to perform maintenance without any discrimination to the wounded military personnel and the sick;
respect and giving the signal to the medical personnel, transport and equipment using an emblem (red cross on a white base).

Beginning with the first Geneva Convention in 1864, developed the modern humanitarian law in various stages, often after an incident in which the convention required, to meet the needs for humanitarian assistance continues to grow as a result of developments in weapons and the types of disputes.

World War I (1914-1918) witnessed the use of means of war, (if you can not just say) done on a scale previously unknown. These include poisonous gas, bombardment from the air, and the arrest of hundreds of prisoners of war. Agreement in 1925 and 1929 was a response from this development.

World War II (1939-1945) witnessed civilians and military personnel killed in equal numbers, unlike during World War I, where the ratio is 1:10. In 1949 the international community react to these tragic figures, especially against adverse effects upon the civilian population, with the revised Convention, who was then in force and adopt other legal instruments: the Geneva Convention concerning the protection of 4 civilians. Later in the year 1977, Additional Protocol is a response to the humanitarian effects of the war of national independence, which only regulated part of the 1949 Convention.

Fourth Geneva Convention confirms that respect should be given to each person in the armed conflict. Fourth Convention are:

I. Improvement of wound condition and pain in the armed forces in battle ground

II. Repair state members of the armed forces at sea, wounded, sick and shipwrecked victims

III. Treatment of prisoners of war

IV. Protection of civilians in time of war

1977 Additional Protocol

Additional Protocol is a response to the humanitarian effects of the war of national independence, which only regulated part of the 1949 Convention. Two additional protocol was adopted, which strengthens the protection of victims of international conflicts (Protocol I) and non-international conflicts (Protocol II). 1949 Geneva Conventions and 1977 Additional Protocol comprises nearly 600 articles and is the main tool of international humanitarian law. Only a country that can become participants of international agreements, as well as to participate in the Geneva Conventions and Protocol addition. In the year 2002 almost all countries in the world - exactly 190 - Geneva Convention participants. The fact that this agreement is one that accepted in a large number of countries prove kesemestaannya. As for the protocol addition, 157 countries participating Protocol I and Protocol II 150 participants.

IHL and Human Rights

International humanitarian law and the law of international human rights (hereinafter called the law of human rights) are complementary. Both are intended to protect individuals, although carried out in situations and different ways. IHL operates in situations of armed conflict, whereas human rights law, or at least part of it, to protect individuals at any time, in times of war or peace. The purpose of the IHL is to protect the victim by trying to limit the suffering caused by war, human rights law aims to protect individuals and ensure their development.

IHL is the main concern about the treatment of individuals who fall into the hands of the opponent and the methods of warfare, whereas human rights law is essentially to prevent arbitrary treatment by limiting state power over individuals. Human rights law does not seek to regulate how a military operation carried out. To ensure the observance, IHL, forming a mechanism that hold a form of continuous monitoring of its implementation; mechanisms that put an emphasis on cooperation between the disputing parties with a neutral mediator, with the aim to prevent violations. As a consequence, the role the ICRC approach ensures respect for the IHL gives priority to persuasion.

Mechanisms to monitor human rights law so vary. In many cases, the competent authorities are required to determine whether a country has to respect the law. For example, the European Court of Human Rights, after a preliminary settlement by someone, can be stated that the European Convention on Human Rights had been violated by state authorities. This ruling further required to take the necessary steps to ensure that the internal situation in accordance with the requirements demanded by the Convention. Human rights enforcement mechanism in essence meant to straighten out all the damage that occurred.

Basic Principles Of Movement Red Cross and Red Crescent International

noreply@blogger.com (Blog Darjo) — Wed, 3 Mar 2010 15:23:00 +0700

History The Emergence Of The Basic Principles

Definition

The word "principle" comes from the Latin word "principium" which means the main cause, origin or basis. The principle can also mean 'a basic rules which express the basic values of a community group that does not change under any circumstances.' For example, awards to individuals is an underlying principle of independence.

Platform

The number of National Society of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies working in the context of different, with tens of millions of members, the Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies have various colors. More than that, his job basically consists of daily activities that are practical and are frequently improvised. In order to overcome these differences, minimize discrepancies and fostering actions that are consistent and effective, requires movement of a universal standard for reference, a set of policies and general approach, in other words, the Basic Principles.

Limitation

Movement on the job is relatively simple at first, because the task is limited to providing assistance to the wounded soldiers and sick in times of war. But with the passage of time, the task becomes more widespread and diverse. To still be able to control the growing activities, and avoid fragmentation, Movement formulate their own principles to be known by all people and to better be able to define their type of humanitarian activities.

Origins

Before the motion to adopt the Basic Principles of seven currently available, has many categories the proposed principle. Proposal of the Basic Principles for the Movement, originally contained in the Declaration of Oxford (1946), but the text is still rough and loose. In 1949, the Basic Principles also mentioned in the convention I (art. 44) and the Convention IV (Article 63). Further developed in 1955 when Jean Pictet began writing in a systematic study and divided into 2 categories Principles of Basic Principles (fumandental) and Principles of Organic (Organic). In the context of the Red Cross, a principle according to Jean Pictet is the rules that required action, based on the consideration and experience, which regulates the activities of all components of the Movement at all times. Since 1965, Pictet book became a written justification and was officially announced in Viena, konverensi International Red Cross and Red Crescent to-20. however, the new idea in 1979, Pictet write a description of the Principles he writes. Officially, Konverensi International Red Cross and Red Crescent to-25 Seven Principles adopted and put into the opening of the new statute. The seven basic principles that include: Humanity, Equality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary, unity and universality.

Meaning and Categories

The seven principles of unity is one that can not be separated. These principles can be seen as a pyramid that would be damaged if one part falls or is taken. Although each section tied to each other, and dependent, each has its own role. These principles can be divided into three categories, namely:

Principles of Substantive / main, including Humanity and Equality

These principles serve as the inspiration organization, is the purpose of the movement, determining actions in wartime, at the time of natural disasters or other activity undertaken to serve mankind.

Principles of Derivative / derivative, including neutrality and independence

The principle that allows to apply the principle of substance / primary, ensuring confidence in everyone and allow movement to reach its goals without any problems.

Principles and organic, including Volunteerism, unity and universality.

These principles as a standard for the application, associated with organizational structure and operations, is the 'foundation stone' of the Movement. Without this movement can not act or will fade away.

Relations Across the principle

These principles are interconnected. The relationship between the principle is very logical, so that at some level every principle derived from other principles.

The principle of non-discrimination (equality) associated with the core principle of Humanity. "Race and religion are not important to me. Just the fact that you are suffering, "said Louis Pasteur. This statement explains that the concept of non-discrimination is widely associated with the concept of Humanity. One supports the other. The principle of proportional (in similarity) derived from the principles of humanity and non-discrimination (Equal). Can be added to the statement Pasteur "... and I'm going to take care on the basis of the severity of your pain. "greatest assistance should be given to those who have the greatest needs. Special attention to "balance / proportionality" is a logical consequence of the above two principles.

Neutrality and independence are not only intertwined with each other, but also related to non-discrimination (equality). Of course one can not declare themselves neutral while he was under the control of others. Similarly, one can not declare itself independent if he is impartial. Smallest carelessness in this regard will lead one of the principle is sound empty and meaningless. Because of these two principles really are interdependent with one another, and are integral to the principle of non-discrimination, which appears as an obligation to act without favoritism.

Volunteerism (including no strings attached) related to Humanity. To claim that someone "has a sense of charity towards others" or "to suffer with them" (two definsi which can be given to the principle of humanity) are not calculated in accordance with the attitude and selfishness. Nature is not disinterested is thus one aspect of this principle. Unity associated with non-discrimination (equality): unity means that only one national association in each country. As is evident, there is great risk that the National Society may be affected or a tendency to fall into a particular view. Thus, non-discrimination is essential for unity. Universals are part of the continuation of humanitarian and non-discrimination. Humanitarian principles not only apply to the suffering of those close to us (discrimination). If so then "have a sense of charity toward others" become pure again because it only comes on certain people only. So logically, Humanitarian and non-discrimination is universal.

Implementation of Basic Principles of Activity insufficient reddish

a) Humanities

"Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent International was founded based on the desire to give aid without discrimination victims who were injured in the fighting, preventing and overcoming human suffering. Red Cross foster mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace for mankind. "

Represent the origin of movement, humanitarian principle that should not be any services that benefit a person suffering from wherever they are, eliminated. The aim is to protect life and health and ensure respect for human beings. In times of peace, the protection means to prevent disease, disasters or accidents or reduce the effect by saving lives (eg First Aid training). In times of war, the meaning is providing assistance to those who are protected by HPI (so the victim does not die of hunger, not treated arbitrarily arbitrary, or not disappear). Humanitarian enhancing mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace for humanity.

b) Equality

"This movement does not make a difference on the basis of nationality, ethnicity, religion or political views. The aim solely to reduce human suffering in accordance with their needs and giving priority to the most severe circumstances "

Non-discrimination against nationality, race, religion, class or political opinion is a mandatory rule which requires that all differences between individuals excluded, that the friends and enemies are equally assisted, and given the consideration of the needs. Aid priorities should be based on the level proportional to kedaruratannya and want to overcome suffering.

c) Neutrality

"To continually earn the trust of all parties, the Movement may not take sides or get involved in political conflict, ethnicity, religion or ideology."

Neutrality means refraining from taking sides in political issues, religion, race or ideology. If the Red Cross or Red Crescent siding, they will lose the trust of one group of people and it is difficult to continue their ativitas. Each member of the Movement can be sued for restraint, be neutral and not express their opinions during on duty.

d) Independence

"This movement is independent. National Association of His government in addition to helping the humanitarian field, also must comply with state regulations, must always maintain their autonomy so that they can act in accordance with the principles of this movement. "

In general, independence means that the institution of the Red Cross and Red Crescent reject any kind of intervention that are political, ideological or economic that could divert them from the path of activities that have been set by the demands of humanity. For example, should not accept donations from anyone who requires that peruntukkannya intended for specific groups of people based on political reasons, ethnicity or religion to the exclusion of other groups whose needs may be more urgent. There is no institution of the Red Cross was allowed was a tool of government policy. Although the National Association recognized by the government as a government tool, and should be subject to local law, they must always maintain their autonomy in order to act in accordance with the principles of the Movement all the time.

e) Voluntary

"This movement is a voluntary relief movement, which is not based on the desire to seek any advantage."

Volunteerism is a proposal that is not selfish of someone who is carrying out a specific task to someone else in the spirit of human brotherhood. Is done without charge or for a recognition or compensation, the main factor is that its implementation is not a desire for financial gain but by personal commitment and loyalty to the humanitarian objectives.

f) Unity

"In a country there is only one association of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is open to all people and carry out humanitarian tasks in the entire region."

The principle of unity specifically related to the institutional structure of the National Society. In any country, government regulations that recognize a National Society is usually stated that the Association is the only National Association that can carry out all activities in the national territory. The fact that the Society is the only one in the country is also one of the requirements to be recognized by the ICRC.

g) Universals

"Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent International is the nature of the universe. Each National Society has the right and the same responsibilities in helping fellow human beings. "

The universality of suffering requires that the universe is also a response. The principle of universality demands collective responsibility on the part of the Movement. Equality of status and rights of the National Society is reflected in the fact that the conference and the Movement government agencies, each National Society has one vote, which prohibits giving it voting rights or special permanent seats to a particular National Society.

Emblem Red Cross and Red Crescent International

noreply@blogger.com (Blog Darjo) — Wed, 3 Mar 2010 15:21:00 +0700

A. History Emblem

Before the Red Cross symbol was adopted as a neutral symbol to give aid to wounded soldiers on the battlefield, at the time that each military medical services have a badge with their own colors different. Austria for example, using the white flag. France uses a red flag and yellow flag of Spain to use.
As a result, even though the army knew what a badge of their medical personnel, but usually they do not know what medical personnel identification of their opponents. Medical services was not regarded as a neutral party. But seen as part of the unity of the army, so that identification is not providing protection but also regarded as a target for enemy soldiers who do not know what it means.

Gradually the idea emerged that led to the importance of adopting Emblem that offers a neutral status to those who helped victims of injury and ensure their protection also helps on the battlefield. Interest requires choosing only one symbol. But the problem then, is to decide the form of symbol that will be used by volunteer medical personnel on the battlefield. In a period of time, a white armband considered as one possibility. However, the white color has been used in armed conflict by carrying white flag of truce, in particular to declare surrender. The use of white can cause confusion, so to look for a possibility of another symbol.

A delegation from the International Conference in 1863 finally chose the Red Cross Symbol on white base, the color reverse of the Swiss national flag (white cross on a red base) as a form of respect for the state of Switzerland's International Conference on facilitating the ongoing moment. The shape of the Red Cross also provides a technical advantage because votes have a simple design so easily recognizable and easy to make. Later in the year 1863, the International Conference met in Geneva and agreed to adopt the Red Cross Symbol on white base as the association identification assistance for wounded soldiers - who later became the National Society of the Red Cross. In 1864, the Red Cross Symbol on a white base was officially recognized as a badge of the armed forces medical services.

Red Crescent emblem

A delegation from the 1863 Conference did not have the slightest intention to display a symbol of particular interest, by adopting the Red Cross on a white base. But in 1876 when the Balkan war, a humanitarian worker who was captured by the Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) was murdered simply because they wore armbands with the image of the Red Cross. When the Kingdom requested clarification on this point, they emphasize the sensitivity of the royal army against the bar-shaped symbol, and proposed that the National Society and the military medical services they are allowed to use a different symbol of the Red Crescent. This idea is slowly beginning to accept and receive such approval in the form of "reservation" and the 1929 International Conference formally adopted as a symbol that is recognized in the Convention, together with Emblem Red Lion and Sun on a white base which was selected by the Persians ( current Iran). In 1980, the Republic of Iran decided to no longer use the symbol and choose to use the Red Crescent symbol.

Development Emblem: Crystal Red

International Conference on the 29th in 2006, an important decision that is born, the adoption of the Red Crystal symbol as a symbol of movement and the fourth has the same status as any other symbol of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. International Conference of the Red Crystal symbol legalizing it, adopted the Additional Protocol III of the addition of the Red Crystal symbol for the Movement, which was passed earlier in the Diplomatic Conference in 2005. The proposal makes the fourth symbol, the Red Crystal, is expected to be the answer, as the symbol of the Red Cross and Red Crescent could not be used and 'enter' into a region of conflict. Like it or not, need to realize that there are many parties other than the Movement who think that the symbol associated with the symbols of particular interest.

Use the Red Crystal symbol itself at the end of memilliki two options: can be used in full by a National Society, in the sense of replacing the Red Cross symbol or the Red Crescent which has been used previously, or use the Red Crystal symbol in a certain time when no other symbol can be accepted in an area. That is, both the National Society, the ICRC and the Federation was able to use the Red Crystal symbol in a humanitarian operation without changing the policy change completely Emblem.

B. Symbol Conditions

Form and use

Provisions concerning the form and use of the Emblem of Red Cross and Red Crescent in:

1. Geneva Convention I of Article 38 to 45

2. Geneva Convention II, Article 41 to 45

3. 1 Geneva Protocol of 1977

4. Decree of the International Conference of the Red Cross in 1965 XX

5. Work Movement Council of Delegates of the Red Cross and International Red Crescent in 1991

In use, the placement of the Red Cross Symbol and Red Crescent Societies should not be until it touches the bottom edge and white. Emblem should be intact and not allowed to add pictures, drawings or writings. In the Red Crescent symbol, the face (to the right or left) is not specified, it is up to the Society of use.

Furthermore, rules for the use of symbol and the National Association for the institutions that collaborated with the National Society, for example, fundraising and other social activities listed in the "Regulations on the Use of the Emblem of the Red Cross and of the Red Crescent by the National Societies". These regulations, adopted in Budapest in November 1991, entered into force since 1992.

C. Function Symbol

Has determined that the symbol has a function to:

Identification tags are valid at the time of peace
SignsProtection soften prevailing peace and war / conflict

When used as an identification mark, symbol should be small in size, serves also to remind that the above institutions work in accordance with the Basic Principles of the Movement. Use of Symbol as identification tags also shows that a person, a vehicle or a building associated with the Movement. Therefore, movement in the organization can manage technically Identification tags such as the use of uniforms, buildings, vehicles and so on. The use of symbol as an identification mark must be based on national legislation concerning national symbol for the Society.

If the symbol is used as a protective sign, symbol should lead to an automatic reaction to exercise restraint and respect between the combatants. Symbol should always be displayed in its original form. In other words, no nothing that added to her - either to the Red Cross or Red Crescent on a white base. Because the symbol should be recognizable from a distance as far as possible, its size should be large, which is necessary for the war situation. Symbol indicates the protection of:

Medical and religious personnel of the armed forces
Unit and the armed forces medical facilities
Unit and the National Association of medical transportation when used as perbantuan of the armed forces medical services
Medical equipment.

D. Emblem abuse

Each participating country to the Geneva Convention have an obligation to make rules or laws to prevent and reduce misuse Emblem. Countries in particular need to endorse a regulation to protect the symbol of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Thus, the use of symbol is not allowed by the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols is a violation of law. The forms of abuse Symbol:

Impersonation (Imitation):

The use of signs that may incorrectly interpret as a symbol of the Red Cross or the red crescent (eg color and shape similar). Usually used for commercial purposes.

Inappropriate Use (Usurpation):

Use of the Red Cross emblem or the red crescent by groups or individuals (commercial companies, non-governmental organizations, individuals, private doctors, pharmacists, etc.) or the use of symbols by a person who has the right but used for purposes incompatible with the Basic Principles of Movement ( for example someone who has the right to use symbols, but use it to get through the border more easily when not in duty).

Violation of Terms of Use / Violation Weight (Perfidy / Grave misuse)

Use of the Red Cross emblem or the red crescent in wartime to protect the armed combatants or military equipment (such as ambulance or helicopter marked with a symbol to carry armed combatants; ammunition landfills are covered by the flag of the Red Cross) will be treated as war crimes.

Solferino War

noreply@blogger.com (Blog Darjo) — Wed, 3 Mar 2010 15:19:00 +0700

On June 24, 1859 in Solferino, a small town located in the lower mainland Lambordi Province, north of Italy, fierce fighting took place between French and Austrian soldiers. The battle that lasted about 16 hours and involving 320,000 soldiers were, swallowed tens of thousands of victims killed and injured. Around 40 thousand people died in battle.

The number of soldiers who became victims, where the fighting took place between groups that face each other, it is a characteristic of war that took place at that time. Just like the massacres that kill thousands of people at one time. Moreover, military commanders do not consider the interests of injured people to get help and treatment. They only regarded as 'food cannon'. Thousands of corpses of their overlap with the wounded without help. The number of surgeons were woefully inadequate. At that time, there were only four people who took care of veterinarian thousand horses and a doctor for a thousand people. The battle ultimately won by France.

As a result of the war with a horrible sight that inspires Henry Dunant, a Swiss businessman (1828 - 1910) who was passing by on his way to meet with Emperor Napoleon III for purposes of business. But witnessing a horrible scene of battle, make up and forgot her sorrow will aim to meet the emperor. He gathered the people from surrounding villages and stay there for three days to actually spend the time to care for the wounded.

Thousands of the wounded without treatment and left to die in place for medical services are insufficient and inadequate number of tasks / skills, made him very aroused. Words of wisdom that is expressed at the time, Siamo tutti Fratelli (We are all brothers), opened the hearts of the volunteers to serve the friends and enemies without distinction.

International Committee

Dunant Returning to Switzerland, making continued haunted by the nightmare he had witnessed at Solferino. To eliminate a bad image in his mind and to draw world attention to the fact cruel war, he wrote a book and published at their own expense in November 1862. The book is titled "Memories of Solferino (Un Souvenir de Solferino).

The book contains two important ideas are:

Need help establish associations in each country consisting of volunteers to care for the wounded in time of war.
The need for international agreements to protect the soldiers wounded in battle and the people who care and provide for their neutral status.

Next Dunant sent the book to prominent families in Europe as well as military leaders, politicians, philanthropists and friends. Business was soon led to unexpected results. Dunant was invited everywhere and praised everywhere. Many people are attracted to the idea of Henry Dunant, including Gustave Moynier, a lawyer and also chairman of the Geneva Public Welfare Society (GPWS). Moynier Henry Dunant was invited to put forward his idea in a meeting held at the GPWS is February 9, 1863 in Geneva. turns out, 160 of 180 people support the idea of Dunant GPWS. At the same time ditunjuklah four members and was formed COMMITTEE GPWS FIVE realization of an idea to fight Henry Dunant. They are:

1. Gustave Moynier

2. dr. Louis Appia

3. dr. Theodore Maunoir

4. Hendri-General Guillaume Dufour

The Henry Dunant, although not a member of the GPWS, but the committee is appointed to be secretary. On February 17, 1863, the Committee of Five was renamed the International Standing Committee for Aid to Wounded Soldiers and raised new chairman of General Guillaume - Henri Dufour.

In October 1863, the International Permanent Committee for the Wounded Soldiers Relief Society, the Swiss government for help, managed to establish the first International Conference in Geneva which was attended by representatives from 16 countries (Austria, Baden, Beierem, Netherlands, Heseen-Darmstadt, England, Italy, Norway , Prussia, France, Spain, Saxons, Sweden, Switzerland, Hannover and Hutenberg). Some of these countries are now a part of the German State.

The results of the conference, a convention was agreed that consists of ten chapters, some of which are crucial chapters of the replacement of International Standing Committee name to Helping Injured Soldiers to COMMITTEE International Red Cross, or ICRC (International Committeee of the Red Cross) and the establishment of a sign especially for volunteers who give aid to wounded soldiers on the battlefield of the Red Cross on a white base.

At the end of the 1863 international conference, Dunant's first idea - to form the association of the volunteers in each country becomes a reality. Several similar association was formed several months later after the ongoing international conference on Wurttemburg may, the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Belgium and Prussia. Other associations soon stand as the Danish, French, Italy, Mecklenburgh-Schwerin, Spain, Hamburg and Hesse. At that time they called the National Committee or Relief Society.

Furthermore, with the support of the Swiss government again, diadakanlah Diplomatic Conference held in Geneva on 8 to 28 August 1864. 16 countries and four donor institutions send representatives. As for discussion, a draft convention prepared by the International Committee. The design is called "the Geneva Convention to improve the condition of the wounded soldiers on the battlefield" and approved on August 22, 1864. HPI was born the modern. Convention Dunant create a second idea, namely to improve the situation of the wounded soldiers during the war and making the countries providing the neutral status of the wounded soldiers and the people who take care of health personnel.

League of Red Cross Society and Red Crescent Societies

noreply@blogger.com (Blog Darjo) — Wed, 3 Mar 2010 15:18:00 +0700

At the end of the first world war most of the regions in Europe is very chaotic, ruined the economy, the population decreased drastically because of the epidemic. A large number of refugees who are poor and those who do not have to meet the continent's citizenship. The war is very clearly show the need for strong cooperation between the Red Cross Society for his activities in wartime can attract thousands of volunteers.
Henry P. Davison, President of the War Committee of the American Red Cross, proposed an international conference on medical (April 1919, Cannes, France) to "red cross federasikan associations from various countries into an organization equivalent to the league of nations; in terms of world war to improve health , prevent disease and relieve suffering. "

League of Red Cross Society and Red Crescent then formally established with headquarters in Paris by the Red Cross Society of France, England, Italy, Japan, the United States on May 5, 1919 with the primary purpose of improving health in countries that have suffered after the war. League was also aimed to 'strengthen and integrate health activities that already exist in the Red Cross Society and to promote the formation of new associations.' An important part of the work the Federation is to provide and coordinate assistance for victims of natural disasters and epidemics. Since 1939 permanent headquarters has been located in Geneva. In 1991, the decision was made to change the name League of Red Cross Society to the International Federation of Red Cross Society and Red Crescent Societies, or IFRC (International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societis).

Furthermore, both the IFRC, ICRC and National Society, is a component part of the Red Cross Movement and the Red Crescent or commonly called the "Movement" course. Components of the Movement carry out their duties according to the Basic Principles and their respective mandates, as mentioned in the Statute of the Movement.

International Committee of the Red Cross / International Committeee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

As a private and independent institution, the ICRC acted as a neutral mediator between two warring nations or enemies in international armed conflicts, armed conflicts and non-international in cases of international violence. In addition, also tried to ensure that victims of violence on both civilians and military, receive protection and help.

In cases of international armed conflict and non-International, ICRC's humanitarian action is based on the Convention and the protocol-the protocol. This is the reason why we say that a special mandate has been entrusted to the ICRC by the community of participating countries such conventions. In cases of internal violence, the ICRC to act based on humanitarian initiatives such as the rights listed in the Statute of the Movement.

The ICRC is the protector of the Basic Principles of the Movement and decision makers on the recognition-association of the National Society, which by that they became an official part of the Movement. ICRC worked to develop the HPI, explains, disseminate and promote the Geneva Conventions. The ICRC is also carrying out obligations imposed on him under these Conventions and ensure that the conventions were implemented and developed if necessary.

National Association / National Society

National Society of Red Cross and Red Crescent humanitarian organization that is there in every member state signatories to the Geneva Conventions. No country can have more than one National Society. Before a new association approved by the ICRC and the Federation members, several strict requirements must be met. According to the Statute of the Movement, the National Association of the newly formed, must be approved by the ICRC. In order to obtain approval from the ICRC, the National Society must meet the 10 requirements are:

• Established disuatu States Parties to the Geneva Convention 1949

• The only Association AM / BSM in the country was the National

• Recognized by the Government of His country

• Use the name and symbol of the Red Cross or Red Crescent

• Being independent

• Expanding activities in all regions

• Organized in carrying out his duty and carried out throughout the country

• Receive members regardless of background

• Approving the Statute of the Movement

• Respect Basic Principles and the Movement carry out their duties in line with the principles of HPI

The International Federation of the Red Cross Society and Red Crescent / International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)

The entire National Association is a member of the IFRC. The agency supports humanitarian activities undertaken by the National Association on behalf of vulnerable groups and act as a spokesperson and as their international representative. The Federation supports the National Society and the ICRC in its efforts to develop and disseminate knowledge about the HPI and promote the Basic Principles of the Movement.

Statute of the Movement

Statute of the Movement is one of the bases that determine the structure and responsibilities of the ICRC, the Federation, and the National Society. Statute of the Movement organized in 1928. Later revised in 1952 was revised again in 1986, precisely at the International Conference of the 25 that took place in Geneva.

ICRC Statute

ICRC statutanya set in 1915. Since then they've revised it several times. In particular, they reflect and develop the main points of the mind Statute Article 5 Movement. To be more precise, in addition to what was already mentioned above, the statute states that the ICRC should be:

Protect and promote respect for the Basic Principles of the Movement, as well as the dissemination of knowledge of international humanitarian law (HPI) that can be used in armed conflict;
Recognizing the National Association established pursuant to the requirements set forth in the Statute of the Movement;
The task given by the Geneva Conventions and ensure that the HPI be faithful view;
Providing protection and assistance, in his capacity as a neutral mediator to the military and civilian victims of armed conflict and to manage, run the Central Agency Search;
Carry out the mandate entrusted to him by the International Conference.

Statute of the Federation

Statute of the Federation decided that the responsibility of the Federation as follows:

Acting as a liaison and coordinating body of the Society's permanent-National Association;
Provide assistance to the National Society may require and ask;
Promoting the establishment and development of the National Society;
Coordinate relief operations conducted by the National Society in order to help victims of natural disasters and refugees in places where there is no armed conflict.

Statute of the National Society

Each National Society has its own statutes. While it may differ from one another, that the statute should reflect the spirit of movement and attention to the general provisions in the Statute of the Movement. It should be noted that the set of "model statute" is available for digunalan by the National Society. The purpose for making the model in 1952 not to be used as the sole rule for all but the National Association to realize the principles of the Convention and the Movement, which is a universal application. The model statute has been changed to many times and deserves to be a guideline for the new National Association of statutanya create their own designs.