Learn Desktop and Web Programming

Kisi-kisi soal uji kompetensi RPL (SMK)

2012-02-06T07:44:00.000-08:00

nih saya kasih link download soal uji komptensi SMK (RPL).
Langsung sedot aja yah gan..

KLIK DISINI

Wazz UB the next generation search engine

2012-02-06T06:57:00.000-08:00

Wazzub, search engine yang akan di luncurkan pada 9 april. Salah satu pendirinya bercerita, search engine yang biasa kita gunakan seperti google, yahoo, dll sangatlah tidak adil. Google mendapatkan $1 setiap pengguna google setiap harinya, namun kita sebagai pengguna tidak dapat apa-apa.

Wazzub akan membayar $1 setiap bulannya kepada setiap membernya, dan setiap mengajak orang lain kita juga akan di bayar $1 setiap bulannya selamanya. Dan yang paling asik, jika kita mempunyai banyak referal atau mengajak teman bergabung, dan teman itu mengajak lagi kita akan mendapat $1 perbulan selamanya.

Wazzub akan di luncurkan pada bulan april, namun pengunjung websitenya sangat banyak, BLOG dari Wazzub sudah ada 4000+ member yang join, Twitter Wazzub 6000+ followers, dan Fans Page Facebooknya sudah mencapai 20.000+ yang menyukainya. Betapa banyak peminatnya walaupun masih dibuka bulan april.

Makanya ajak orang gabung di Wazzub dari sekarang, dan kita akan mendapatkan hasilnya di bulan april dengan banyak referal. Semoga bermanfaat untuk mencari uang diinternet. Jika sudah lewat dari bulan april Wazzub baru daftar, Wazzub tidak akan membayar yang daftar lebih dari bulan april.

WEB WAZZUB : DISINI <<< mohon di klik ya

Kumpulan Link-link Belajar Photoshop

2012-02-06T06:26:00.000-08:00

Salam hangat pengunjung SITC kali ini saya mau berbagi link menuju belajar ilmu photosho dari yang newbie banget sampai yang tingkat mahir atau advance..oke langsung aja ke TKP ye..

Link-link di Ilmuphotoshop yang mungkin berguna

Teori Dasar Photoshop
Area kerja Photoshop
Kenalan dengan Adobe Photoshop
Tool-tool photoshop
Tool-tool photoshop..sambungan
Tool-tool lain yang penting di Adobe Photoshop

Tutorial Dasar
Membuat foto di dalam Text
Membuat Bayangan suatu Image
Merubah warna mata
Menganalisa Gambar dengan Histogram di Photoshop
Auto Blend Keren (CS3)
Bermain dengan Gradient
Cara mudah mempertajam gambar
Membuat Warna berbeda dalam 1 gambar
Membuat Kumis & Jenggot dengan Photoshop
Membuat Efek Pecah pada foto
Membuat Bingkai Sederhana dengan Mudah!
Marhaban Yaa Ramadhan..
Cara-cara meng-Clone ( Kloning )
Membuat ZebraCar
Membuat Text dengan List Bertumpuk
No Smoking!
Cara gampang membuat Gold TEXT effect
Membuat Bubble sederhana
Membuat Gumpalan Air ( WaterDrop) di Foto
Dasar-dasar membuat Efek Starburst dengan Photoshop
eknik Dasar Resize Image, Warna Sephia dan Menghilangkan Background
Efek Cat Air pada Foto
Memperhalus Foto HandPhone yang Resolusi Rendah
Dasar-dasar Menggambar Vektor dengan Photoshop
Menggambar Vektor (Vector) dengan Photoshop
Belajar Membuat Animasi Dengan Photoshop
Membuat Efek Kembar
Membuat Foto Wedding ( Menggabungkan 2 gambar)
Membuat Animasi Berubah bentuk dengan Photoshop
Membuat “Real” Tatoo
Membuat Historical Foto Buat Hiasan Dinding
Membuat Efek Cinema pada Foto
Membuat Gulungan Pada Foto ( Peeling )
Tips Membuat Header Website atau Blog dengan Mudah
Foto Luna Maya Terbakar!
Foto Efek : Cara Mudah Membuat Foto Jadul
Foto Sandra Dewi Dibuat Hitam Putih tapi Glamor
Memoles Foto Bunga Citra Lestari ( foto BCL ) dengan efek Retro Color
Efek Grid pada Foto Tamara Bleszynski
Photo First Aid ( Pertolongan Pertama Pada Foto )
Menghilangkan Kerutan di Wajah dengan Photoshop
Cara Melekin Mata yang tertutup waktu difoto
Membuat Signature / watermark dengan Brush Buatan Sendiri
Membuat Efek yang gak Extreme but Nice
Efek Soft Tone pada Foto
Video Tutorial Bisu – Membuat Lingakaran 3D dengan bayangannya
Efek dua TOne dalam 1 foto
Belajar Mewarnai Foto dengan Gradient Map
Membuat Efek Highlight pada Foto Rossa
Membuat Efek Foto Kanvas
Cara lain menghaluskan Wajah dengan Photoshop
Cara Memasukan Foto Cinta Laura ke dalam Template

Tutorial Menengah
Membuat Text Transparan
Membuat Efek Matrix ( Simpel banget )
Bikin LCD Monitor Keren
Membuat Wallpaper Garang.
Membuat background keren lagi yuk!
Desain Foto buat di cetak..
Membuat Pas foto Murah dengan Photoshop!
Membuat Pasfoto Sendiri
Mengubah musim dengan Photoshop
Membuat Batik pake Photoshop
Design Web 2 Style.
Membuat Efek 3D dengan “Lighting Effect”
Edit foto dengan Efek Oil Painting
Efek Infra Merah Pada Photography
Efek HDR (High Dynamic Range) dengan Photoshop
Membuat Huruf 3D
Design dengan PEN tool
Membuat Kartu Lebaran Sederhana
Cara Make Over wajah dengan mudah
Berkreasi dengan foto..biar lebih keren..
Membuat Efek kayu dan Warna Terkelupas..
Membuat CD ( Compact Disc ) dan bukan Celana Dalem :D
Cara Mudah Membuat Sketsa Pensil dari Foto
Membuat kayak foto beneran ( 3d Realistic photo)
Cara Mengubah Photo jadi Kartun
Menguruskan Badan dengan Mudah..
Membuat Foto Text
Membuat Chrome Text Effect
Membuat Bendera Kusut
Photo Effect – Gak tau efek apaan nih!
Teknik Dasar Membuat Efek Mozaik dengan Background Gambar
Membuat Effect Keren Dalam 1 Menit!
Memperbaiki Foto yang Rusak
Realistic Photo Object
Bermain Lighting Effect
Membuat Effect Taped ( Solasi Bening)
Beauty Butterfly Girl
Photo In a Box
Membuat Efek Perangko
Membuat Anyaman dari Foto dengan Photoshop tentunya..
Tutorial Photoshop : Membuat Efek Foto didalam foto
Membuat Efek Manga pake Photoshop
Membuat Wallpaper Dian Sastro pake Efek Futuristik
Membuat Header Website / Blog yang lebih Artistik dengan Mudah
Membuat Efek Bola Kristal dengan Mudah
Membuat Bingkai Kayu Realistik pada Foto Miyabi a.k.a Maria Ozawa
Membuat Foto Kartun Tapi bukan Gambar Vektor
Efek Dream Photoshop
Membuat Ucapan Happy Birthday
Foto Marilyn Monroe dibuat tidak Jadul
Membuat Efek Dave Hill
Foto Choki Sitohang dengan Efek Avatar
Membuat Efek Urban dengan Adobe Photoshop
Membuat Efek Retro Glamor di Foto Dewi Sandra
Tutorial Membuat Efek Grunge pada Foto
Membuat Bola Jabulani (Bola Piala Dunia 2010) dengan Photoshop
Membuat Polar Effect dengan Filter Polar Coordinates
Membuat Efek Photo Booth pada Foto Krisdayanti

Soal UN Bahasa Inggris 2006-2007 s/d 2011-2012

2012-01-30T05:19:00.000-08:00

oke ga pake basa-basi aja yah,ane mau posting soal un TA dari 2006-2007 sampai dengan 2011-2012,

huh lelah juga nge-upload file gini doank,memang di daerah rumah saya sinyalnya ngadat-ngadat,
oke langsung aja cek ke TKP ne link downloadnya.

KLIK DISINI

ISO FILE

2012-01-09T07:20:00.001-08:00

iso file download a variety of operating systems here

CentOS-i386-5.5/	Download
CentOS-x86-5.5/	Download
EasyIDS	Download
FreeNAS-0.7.2	Download
FreeNAS-0.68	Download
ReactOS	Download
SMEOnffLine	Download
android-0.9-sdk/	Download
android-2.2/	Download
android-x86-1.6/	Download
asterisk-1.7.1/	Download
asterisk	Download
BackBox	Download
backtrack-4.0/	Download
backtrack-5.0/	Download
scientificlinux/	Download
ubuntu-9.10/	Download
ubuntu-10.04.1/	Download
ubuntu-10.04/	Download
ubuntu-10.10/	Download
ubuntu-11.04/	Download
ubuntu-eee/	Download
ubuntu-gamers-dvd/	Download
ubuntu-pentest-edition-2.03/	Download
ubuntu-uec/	Download
untangle/	Download
vmware/	Download
vyatta-livecd-2.2/	Download
vyatta/	Download
xcode/	Download
xnuxer/	Download
zencafe-1.2/	Download
zencafe-2.2/	Download
zenserver-0.5/	Download
vista-livecd-2.1.0.iso	Download
vista-livecd-2.3.1.iso	Download
xp-livecd-2.1.0.iso	Download
xp-livecd-2.3.1.iso	Download
phlak-0.3.iso	Download
debian-5.08-DVD/	Download
debian-6.0-cd/	Download
debian-6.0-dvd/	Download
linuxmint-3.0/	Download
sabily-11.04/	Download
freespire-2.0/	Download
gnacktrack-r5/	Download
sabily-10.10/	Download

Basic HTML

2012-01-09T06:18:00.000-08:00

To learn HTML syntax or there are some basic tags you should know. Here is the basic format to create a html file.
<html>
<head>
contents of the HTML head
</ head>

<body>
contents of the HTML body
</ body>
</ html>

Each HTML file always begins with the syntax <html> and </ html>. Amid the syntax is then filled head and body tags. Remember, every opening tag must end with a closing tag. <body> Is the opening tag and the tag </ body> is the closing tag. Very easy, every closing tag need only be marked slash (/) of the opening tag. Page of the web will be created in the body. Consider the following HTML syntax.

<html>
<head>
O world
</ head>

<body>
Welcome to the blog <h1> igor </ h1>
<font> thank you for coming </ font>
</ body>
</ html>

Copy and paste the above code into notepad, then save and name the file "helloworld.html". Then run the file by double click the file helloworld.html. You need a web browser like mozilla firefox, internet explorer, etc. so that the file is not running. So that I can give to this web programming tutorials.

2012 doomsday predictions wrong

2012-01-01T08:39:00.000-08:00

Assalamu'alaikum Wr.Wb
On this occasion I would like to express opinions about the 2012 apocalypse predicted by the Mayan is not true.
not because I am a smart ass, but I just would like to express my opinion.

The theory of the Maya predicted the world before will end on December 21, 2012. On the other hand, as quoted Mayan epigraphy specialist David Stuart.Bukti two fragments carving named 'Comalcalco Brick' is also discovered several years ago and has become subjects studi.Para Mayan experts still argue about them ..
I think both the above proof can not be spelled correctly and not perli too contentious.
in the year prior to the arrival of 2012 by way of thinking and a simple statement, the possibility of predicting the occurrence of Mayan doomsday diakarenakan absence of unique similarity between year, month, and date to be there after 2012 such as 12-12-12, because in 2013 no there will be again on 13-13-13 due to the absence of 13 months.

experts then interpret his findings to 21-12-12, they may draw conclusions based on al-qur'an scripture or al-together book mentions doom will fall on Friday,

12-12-2012 due on the date falls on a Wednesday and it's contrary to what has been delivered on the sacred book of the scientists took the stairs 21-12-2012 which falls right on Friday and has a twin and the numbers are still unique.Maybe that's all I can say, sorry if there is something wrong in my article, I just wanted to convey what I want to say.

I hope the experts and scientists can develop my thinking this anyone can argue, but the word of God is more correct and should not be a doubt, no one knows when the Hour will come because only Allah as the king of kings who knows because he is has created the heavens and the earth and the planets.

Assalamu'alaikum.

Basic Computer Tutorial

2011-12-31T08:15:00.001-08:00

This basic computer tutorial is written for those who do not know very much about computers. The purpose of this basic computer tutorial is to help the reader better understand how to use their computer more effectively and safely. It will help the reader understand:

What files and file types are.
How to copy files.
Where your files are stored.
What the parts of your computer are.
What an operating system is.
What a computer program is.

Security and Performance

With the above basic information, this tutorial will explain methods that you can do to make your system more secure, keep your data safe by backing it up, and avoid most performance degredation caused to bad applications and SPAM.

How some file types can be used by third parties to gain control of your computer.
How to modify your file view settings so you are not as easily fooled by e-mails containing viruses.
How to prevent viruses and worms.
How to reduce SPAM.
How to back up your files.
How to reduce or eliminate unwanted programs that could reduce your system performance.
What to do if you receive a virus or worm.
What to do if you receive an e-mail telling you that an e-mail you sent contained a virus.

This basic computer tutorial gives some basic information about hardware, operating systems, and programs in the first half to help the reader understand later information about files, e-mail and computer security practices. Depending on the reader's level of knowledge, some of the basic information may be skipped and the reader may refer to the terms page if they do not understand some of the terms

The basic of PHP programming

2011-12-27T20:19:00.000-08:00

the discussion this time we will begin to struggle with the PHP programming language, here we will be a lot to learn the basics of PHP programming language that will will be implemented for web applications in the subsequent discussion.

PHP tag In general, the PHP interpreter will be looking for a PHP tag in one file (web page) Where to find the tag when PHP (opener), the PHP interpreter began to translatePHP prefix of the tag to find PHP tags (cover). PHP language tag flanking the embeded in a file, PHP script in this tag is translatedby the PHP interpreter. PHP tags are divided into two, namely:
* Tag Viewer: It is a tag where the PHP interpreter will start the translation code. Opening tag can be written in the form

-        <? PhpOr-    <script Language="php">
* Closing Tag: This is a tag where the PHP interpreter terminate translation within a block of code in PHP tags. Closing tag is a pair of tagsOpening, so the closing tag should be adjusted with the opening PHP tag. Form in the PHP closing tag is as follows:

?>or</ Script>
thus writing the correct tag is as follows:<Php ............. ?>     and <script language="php"> .................. </ Script>
although the use of opening and closing tags are allowed beratura tag (not suitable mate), but for continuity and consistency of the author suggest the readers to always use the appropriate tagwith each partner so that the code more readable and understandable.The following are examples of application of writing PHP tags with PHP code didalamnnya.<? php      echo ("tag in PHP");?>
or
<script language="php">echo ("like this also allowed"); </ script>
or
<script language="php"> echo ("this one can also");<? Php
or
<? php
echo ("this is fine");</ Script>
The four styles of writing the above code the same - the same is allowed, but the remedy then we only use the tags in accordance with their respective spouses.Let us remember that in a file we can write more than one pair of tags, because PHP is a code or script that can be embedded (embed) in an HTML.
hopefully this article useful to add information and science reader.

Advantages And Disadvantages MySQL

2011-12-24T05:59:00.000-08:00

indeed there are many applications in addition to the MySQL database management, but why in this book was chosen MySQL as the database management application as a supplement in learning web programming with PHP processing implemented on the database.some of the exact reasons are the following :1. Portability. MySQL can run stable on a variety of operating systems Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Mac Os X Server, Solaris, Amiga, and many more.
2. Software is open source. MySQL is distributed as open source software, licensed under the GPL so it can be used free of charge
3. Supports Multi-user. MySQL can be used by multiple users at the same time without experiencing any problems or conflicts.
4. Performance Tuning: MySQL has an amazing speed in dealing with simple queries, in other words be able to process more SQL per unit time
5. Various types of data. MySQL has a variety of data types that are very rich, such as signed / unsigned integer, float, double, char, text, date, timestamp, and others.
6. Commands and Functions MySQL:MySQL has full operators and functions that support the SELECT command in the command where the funds(Query)
7. Is safe. MySQL has several layers of security such as the level subnetmask, host name, and access permissions a user with a detailed system permissions and passwords encrypted
8. Scalability and restrictions.MySQL database capable of handling large scale, with a number of records more than 50 million 60 thousand tables as well as 5 billion baris.selain it limits the index that can fit up to 32 indexes on each table.
9. connectivity. MySQL DAPT to connect with clients using TCP / IP, Unix socket (unix), or Named Pipes (NT).
10. Localization. MySQL can detect the error message on the client by using more than twenty languages. however, the Indonesian language has not been included therein.
11. Interface. MySQL has an interface to a variety of applications and programming languages by using the function API (Application Programming Interface).
12. Tool. MySQL comes with a variety of equipment (tools) that can be used for database administration, and any existing equipment pa online manual included.
13. Table structure. MySQL has a table structure that is more flexible in handling change, compared to other databases like PostgreSQL or Oracle.
14. Free of charge. is perfect for anyone who wants to learn as well as for the expert level because complex software with a myriad of advantages of this is free.
So much of the information before me, may be useful.

What is Mysql??

2011-12-22T22:15:00.000-08:00

MySQL previous term may sound a bit strange, especially if you are the first time to know him, but for a databasi administrator, MySQL is one of the daily diet. Here we will learn more about MySQL problems.

understanding MySQL
   MySQL is one of the software database management system (database) or oftenreferred to as SQL DBMS (Database Management System) is different from conventionaldatabases such as *. dat, *. dbf, *. mdb, mysql bag 2 has the advantages of naturemultithreaded, and multi-user and network support systems, MySQL is freely distributableunder the GNU General Public license (GPL), namunada also a commercial version forcertain circles who want it. What is a Database? before we discuss more about MySQL, it helps us learn things about the database. Database or database is a collection of information or data in a systematic way so that it can be checked by a computer programto obtain information from the database.

   in a database typically consists of tables in a table where there is structural information that can be read systematically. The tables in a database are usually interrelated and have a relationship with one another.

Table, Field, Record
   when struggling with the database then inevitably we will use the term a lot of the Table,Field, Record. so let us understand at a glance notions isitlah problems mentioned above.
The table is a set of Record and Field form one entity.

Record is a row of a table.
A field is a column of a table.
If plotted on a diagram the relationship between the Database, Table, Field and Recordare as follows:

in the figure above shows that a database can consist of a set of records (rows) and fields(columns).

So much may be used to post about MySQL this time it may be useful.

Understanding, a brief history, and development of the PHP Programming Language

2011-12-22T00:26:00.000-08:00

before we enter further discussion about php, it helps us know the definition and brief history of php. more established measures that we learn the PHP programming language.
understanding About PHP:PHP or Hypertext Preprocessor is an abbreviation of one of the programming language suitable open sorce or devoted to web developers dandapat cultivate in a script in HTML.programming languages like C, Java, and Perl as well as easy to learn.
PHP was created to facilitate web developers to write dynamic web pages quickly, even more than that we can explore things that are amazing with PHP, PHP thus very suitable for beginners, intermediate and even expert though.
A Brief History
beginning PHP is short for "personal home page" which was made in 1995 by Rasmus ledorf. that time his name is still interpreted form. PHP maker in the next release source code to the public (open source) so that programmers interested in developing PHP.
finally in November 1997 in Release PHP 2.0 on this version of the PHP interpreter is implemented in C, and has included additional modules or in PHP is often referred to as ekstensi.pada 1997 also contributed to a company called Zend, which the PHP interpreter to be rewritten be clean, fast, and better. and finally in mid-1998, released Zend PHP 3.0 with the replacement of an abbreviation of the personal home page into hypertext preprocessor.

on the subsequent development of the Zend continues to play an important role in the development of PHP, in mid-1999, PHP 4.0 was released on this version and more people began flocking to use PHP for its ability to build complex web applications, but still has the speed and stability.
along with the times, many programming languages began to implement a model of OOP (Object Oriented Programming), did not want to miss the PHP version 5.0
released in mid-2004 with new capabilities that object-oriented programming.

Definition of programming languages (Computer)

2011-12-22T00:18:00.000-08:00

for lovers of computer programming languages may be familiar in your ears, even maybe you've been using it to develop an application. but for a beginner programming language may sound a little strange ears. in general every programming language has several important components, namely:
code editor: facilitate function to write the source code in programming languages used.
interpreter: function to translate the source code of the line per line.compiler: function to do the compilation, the translation of the entire code in a program into the application of PE (can be directly loaded in memory)
but not all programming languages have the same components and the environment, so there is some kind of division again. based on the presence or absence of a programming language compiler again divided into 2 types

a. division based on the compiler based on the presence or absence of compilers, programming languages are grouped into two types, namely:
1. non-compiled (web):he compiler
type of programming language does not require a compiler, where most of the programming language is working on a web environment. programming language source code of non-compiled translated by the interpreter of each language, thus can be said to be non-compiled programming languages work slower than compiled languages because source code is not shaped machine code that can be executed in memory is indirectly.
examples of the programming language of this group is a web-based programming language like (PHP, Perl, HTML, ASP, JAVASCRIPT, etc.)
2. compiled (desktop)This type of programming language requires the compiler to create desktop-based applications. usual programming languages of this type of work faster than the previous type (non-compiled) because the source code has been turned into machine code that can be executed directly in memory by the PE Loader. programming example of this type are (assembly, C, C + +, BASIC, Visual Basic, Pascal, etc.)
okay enough of the discussion about what the classification of computer programming languages,i hope this information is useful ..
greetings like.

What is a super computer??

2011-12-19T04:08:00.001-08:00

Development of computers with advanced technology today is no longer just a dream, the history of computer development is a stepping stone in childbirth super computer.
Supercomputer is a computer that leads the world in the process of capacity, particularly speed of calculation. Supercomputers introduced in the 1960s, designed by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), led the market in the 1970s until Cray quit to form his own company, Cray Research.
Quoted from kompas.com, China formally signed up as a country that has the fastest supercomputer in the world. This is the first China-made supercomputer ranked first in the list of world's fastest supercomputer, released a web site www.top500.com and beat supercomputers made in the United States.
Tianhe-1 or the mean Milky Way, the name of the supercomputer built at the National Supercomputing Centre in Tianjin, exceeding speeds of up to 2.570 petaflop or a trillion calculations per second. In the second place there is a Jaguar, a supercomputer owned by the U.S. Government in Tennessee with the 1.750 petaflop.
Perhaps among the pal anyone asks, apasih it is a petaflop?
Petaflop or FLOPS is an abbreviation of the term in English Floating Point Operations Per Second refers to the unit for the number of calculations can be performed by a computing device (in this case is a computer) to the fractions (floating point) per one unit of time. FLOPS is a unit of measurement of the speed performance of a microprocessor typically in scientific applications (scientific applications), such as to calculate / simulate the movement of Earth data in real time. For example, supercomputers have the ability to perform calculations as much as 80 million calculations of the fractions in 1 second, and can be expressed in units of 80 MFLOPS / MegaFLOPS. How sob still confused? If still confused Tanya wrote at mbah google hehehe kidding sob.
still in the quotation kompas.com, not just one supercomputer China's show of teeth. In third place were there is a supercomputer owned by China, namely nebulae, at the National Supercomputing Centre in Shenzhen. Supercomputers made ASmemang still dominate the list. Of the 500 units, more than half are in the U.S.. China recorded 42 units exceeded the number of supercomputers and Japan, France, Germany, and England. However, supercomputers in China using a chip made by U.S. companies, including Nvidia.
Purpose Supercomputer
Supercomputers are used for computation-intensive tasks like weather forecasting, climate research (including research global warming, molecular modeling, physical simulation (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of detonation of nuclear weapons, and nuclear fusion research), analisikrip, etc.. Military and science agency one of the main users of supercomputers.
Design Supercomputers
Supercomputers typically excel in kecepataan of ordinary computers using an innovative design that makes them able to perform many tasks in parallel, and also details of a complicated civil. This computer is usually specialize to a particular penghitungn, typically counting numbers, and the task is generally not a good result. Memory hierarchy are carefully designed to ensure that processors continue to receive data and instructions at any time: in fact, the difference in performance with a regular computer located in the memory hierarchy and its components. System I / Onya also designed in order to support high bandwidth.

What Is Computer??

2011-07-21T05:55:00.001-07:00

A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data (including the program, which is also a form of data) for some necessary duration. A program may be invariable and built into the computer (and called logic circuitry as it is on microprocessors) or different programs may be provided to the computer (loaded into its storage and then started by an administrator or user). Today's computers have both kinds

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of programming. Most histories of the modern computer begin with the Analytical Engine envisioned by Charles Babbage following the mathematical ideas of George Boole, the mathematician who first stated the principles of logic inherent in today's digital computer. Babbage's assistant and collaborator, Ada Lovelace, is said to have introduced the ideas of program loops and subroutines and is sometimes considered the first programmer. Apart from mechanical calculators, the first really useable computers began with the vacuum tube, accelerated with the invention of the transistor, which then became embedded in large numbers in integrated circuits, ultimately making possible the relatively low-cost personal computer.
Modern computers inherently follow the ideas of the stored program laid out by John von Neumann in 1945. Essentially, the program is read by the computer one instruction at a time, an operation is performed, and the computer then reads in the next instruction, and so on. Recently, computers and programs have been devised that allow multiple programs (and computers) to work on the same problem at the same time in parallel. With the advent of the Internet and higher bandwidth data transmission, programs and data that are part of the same overall project can be distributed over a network and embody the Sun Microsystems slogan: "The network is the computer."