Linuxicle

Install GenyMotion in Linux/ubuntu 13.04

2013-10-13T10:45:00.001-07:00

Genymotion, is the next generation of the AndroVM open source project, it is a fast, cross-platform Android emulator that comes with pre-configured Android in it. It’s so easy use and has lots more functionalities that normal android emulator doesn't.

How to install Genymotion in linux:

Sign up for the genymotion account.
After logging in download genymotion for linux from this link.
Download and install virtualbox for linux from the this link.

Now nevigate the genymotion from the terminal.
Then enter the following commands in the terminal

chmod +x genymotion-1.1.0_x64.bin
./genymotion-1.1.0_x64.bin

It will ask for the installation like below screen shot.

After the process Genymotion it is ready to be used. to open it write below command

./genymotion

Using GenyMotion:

Now login with your Genymotion username and password. Click add from the Genymotion home screen. and Select a virtual device from the Genymotion cloud and click Add.

Now you can see the screen like below, click next to begin the download of virtual device.

The successful installation will display you the below screen.

Then you will be asked to enter a name for the downloaded Genymotion virtual device. Enter a name and select create and the click finish.

It will list the created virtual device in “Your virtual devices” in the home screen Then select play to start your virtual device.For the first time it asks to configure sdk path for using ADB , select the sdk path and you will be booted to Android home screen like.

Here are plugins
Eclipse : http://plugins.genymotion.com/eclipse
Android studio : http://plugins.genymotion.com/plugins/idea/1.0.1/genymotion-idea-plugin-20130716.jar

Happy Droiding with Linux!

A beginner's Guide to GIT command in Linux

2013-09-18T11:45:00.000-07:00

GIT is a version control system, which maintains the versions of your code,(if you are a developer!) This Guide will help you to install git in linux, and commit your code in github.

How to install Git in linux
To install git in Linux, you need to run the below command in the terminal, open your terminal,

sudo apt-get install git

This command will install git in your linux machine.

Basic git command

After installing the git you need to setup the enviroment for git, for that you need to configure the git,

git config

Sets configuration values for your user name, email, gpg key, preferred diff algorithm, file formats and more. Example:

git config --global user.name "iGyan" 

git config --global user.email "iGyan.Org@Gmail.com"

After configuring the git you need to make a branch tree for your code, for thet go to your code directory in terminal using and cd command and write.

git init

it Initializes a git repository and creates the initial ‘.git’ directory in a new or in an existing project.
now if you see the status of your branch using

git status

to add the file in the branch you need to run add command like

git add

After adding the files you need to commit the code in your local system using

git commit -m ‘Added Some code’

here -m stands for the message, and in quoted string is your message.
And then you need to push the code to the repository of GIT like

git push https://github.com/iGyanCode/iGyan.git

after push you need to give a branch path which usually ends with *.git

I am Still Updating this one!

Have a Happy Linux!

Create Useful and handy commands with alias

2013-09-03T11:54:00.003-07:00

An alias is command line shortcuts. creating alias means that you will spend less time on typing the complex commands, you can create alias in linux that give meaningful names to obscure commands,

Viewing your aliases
Bash is often configured with a few predefined aliases, To view the alias in your shell, just type alias and press enter,

$ alias
alias l.=’ls -d .* --color=tty’
alias ll=’ls -l --color=tty’
alias ls=’ls --color=tty’

Some useful alias as your useful handy commands like,

alias up=”cd ..”
alias unpack=”tar -zxvf “
alias netcon=”netstat -p | grep -v’^unix’”

The find command is a great candidate for an alias or two because it’s such a complex command

alias f=’find . -name’
alias fi=’find . -iname’

After defining these aliases, you can search for a file (by name) like this:

$ f myfile.sh
./tmp/myfile.sh

to search for a filename without regard to letter case:

$ fi myfile.sh
./tmp/myfile.sh
./work/MyFile.sh

The gf alias combines find and grep to search for specific text in all the files in a directory tree. You can use the alias like this:

$ gf Martini
./recipes/igyan_tutes.txt:200: the perfect
Martini
./blog/surficle.html:22: I prefer my
Martinis shaken, not stirred

To save your aliases, use your favorite editor to

add them to the ~/.bashrc file. This way, each time you log in, your aliases are there when you need them. To add system-wide aliases,

List open ports and listening services

2013-08-22T12:32:00.002-07:00

One of the first things you should do after a fresh operating system install is see what services are running and remove any unneeded services from the system startup process. You could use a port scanner and run it against the host, but if one didn’t come with the operating system install, you’ll
likely have to connect your fresh (and possibly insecure) machine to the network to download one.

To get a list of listening ports and their owning processes under Linux, run this command:

netstat -luntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1679/sshd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 1766/dhclient

To get a list of listening ports under FreeBSD, run this command:

#netstat -a -n | egrep 'Proto|LISTEN'
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address (state)
tcp4 0 0 *.587 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 *.25 *.* LISTEN

Manually grep the /etc/services file:

grep -w 993 /etc/services
imaps 993/udp # imap4 protocol over TLS/SSL
imaps 993/tcp # imap4 protocol over TLS/SSL

The /etc/services file should only be used as a guide. If a process is listening on a port listed in the file, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the service listed in /etc/services is what it is providing.

To get a list of listening ports and their owning processes with sockstat, run this command:

sockstat -4 -l
USER COMMAND PID FD PROTO LOCAL ADDRESS FOREIGN ADDRESS
root sendmail 1141 4 tcp4 *:25 *:*
root sendmail 1141 5 tcp4 *:587 *:*

To get a list of listening ports and the processes that own them using lsof, run this command:

lsof -i -n | egrep 'COMMAND|LISTEN'
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
named 1127 named 20u IPv4 0xeb401dc0 0t0 TCP *:domain (LISTEN)
inetd 1133 root 4u IPv4 0xeb401ba0 0t0 TCP *:imap (LISTEN)

Monitor Network Bandwidth Usage With Vnstat

2013-08-14T09:40:00.001-07:00

Vnstat is the tool to check the the internet bandwidth usage, finding the bandwidth usage over an hour, day, week can be tricky. to install vnstat in linux you need to run the following command.

sudo apt-get install vnstat

After installing the vnstate you need to run the below command to check your network bandwidth usage,

vnstat

To check hourly network usage you need to run

vnstat -h

to check the network per day

 vnstat -d

for weekly network usage

 vnstat -w

for monthly network usage

 vnstat -m

Find highest network of top 10 days using the below command

 vnstat -t

vnstat -dvnStat is a useful little tool to get a good overview of how much bandwidth you use on a hourly/daily/weekly/monthly basis and requires almost no resources to do so.

Use Gmail in terminal with vmail

2013-08-07T22:35:00.001-07:00

Vmail provides a interface to send email from terminal.
To install vmail you need Ruby 1.9.0` or higher with SSL support in your linux.
Here is the step to install vmail in the terminal.

Step 1: installing the vmail using gem.

sudo gem install vmail

Step 2: Creating yaml file to set up gmail account.
To run Vmail, create a yaml file called .vmailrc and save it either in ~/.vmail/default/ or in your home directory. If you do the latter, Vmail will move the file to ~/.vmail/default/ when it starts up.

Step 3: Content in the .vmailrc yaml file.

username: surficle@gmail.com 
password: password 
name: atul arvind signature: |
  -- 
  Sent from Vmail. http://surficle.com

This file should be formatted in YAML syntax. If you have any unsual characters in a string value, try putting quotes around that value.

Starting vmail in Terminal:

Once you've created the configuration file and (optionally) the contacts file, you can start Vmail with

vmail

This opens the Vmail/Vim interface and shows you the last 100 messages in your Gmail inbox.
You can have Vmail show messages from any other mailbox (a.k.a. label) on startup by passing in the mailbox name as an argument:

Most Useful and handy Linux / Unix commands

2013-07-14T12:26:00.001-07:00

pwd

It Prints the working directory, i.e., display the name of my current directory on the screen.

hostname

It Prints the name of the local host (the machine on which I am working). Use netconf (as root) to change the name of the machine.

whoami

Print my login name.

id username

Print user id (uid) and his/her group id (gid), effective id (if different than the real id) and the supplementary groups.

date

Print the operating system current date, time and timezone. For an ISO standard format,

time

Determine the amount of time that it takes for a process to complete + other process accounting. Don't confuse it with the date

command (see previous entry). E.g. I can find out how long it takes to display a directory content using: time ls. Or I can test the

time function with time sleep 10.

clock

hwclock

(two commands, use either). Obtain date/time from the computer hardware (real time, battery−powered) clock. You can also use one

of this commands to set the hardware clock, but setclock may be simplier (see 2 commands above). Example: hwclock

−−systohc −−utc sets the hardware clock (in UTC) from the system clock.

who

Determine the users logged on the machine.

Determine who is logged on the system, find out what they are doing, their processor ussage, etc. Handy security command.

rwho −a

(=remote who) Determine users logged on other computers on your network. The rwho service must be enabled for this command to

run. If it isn't, run setup (RedHat specific) as root to enable "rwho".

finger user_name

System info about a user. Try: finger root . One can use finger with any networked computer that exposes the finger service

to the world, e.g., I can do (try): finger @finger.kernel.org

last

Show listing of users last logged−in on your system. Really good idea to check it from time to time as a security measure on your

system.

lastb

("=last bad") Show the last bad (unsuccessful) login attempts on my system. It did not work on my system, so got it started with:

history | more

Show the last (1000 or so) commands executed from the command line on the current account. The "| more" causes the display to stop

after each screenful. To see what another user was doing on your system, login as "root" and inspect his/her "history". The history is

kept in the file .bash_history in the user home directory (so yes, it can be modified or erased).

uptime

Show the amount of time since the last reboot.

(="print status" or "process status") List the processes currently run by the current user.

ps axu | more

List all the processes currently running, even those without the controlling terminal, together with the name of the user that owns each

process.

top

Keep listing the currently running processes on my computer, sorted by cpu usage (top processes first). Press Ctrl+c when done.

gtop

ktop

(in X terminal) Two GUI choices for top. My favourite is gtop (comes with gnome). In KDE, ktop is also available from the

"K"menu under "System"−"Task Manager".

uname −a

(= "Unix name" with option "all") Info on your (local) server. I can also use guname (in X−window terminal) to display the info more

nicely.

free

Memory info (in kilobytes). "Shared" memory is the memory that can be shared between processes (e.g., executable code is "shared").

"Buffered" and "cashed" memory is the part that keeps parts of recently accessed files−−it can be shrunk if more memory is needed by

processes.

cat /etc/issue

Check what distribution you are using. You can put your own message in this text file−−it's displayed on login. It is more common to

put your site−specific login message to the file /etc/motd ("motd"="message of the day").

df −h

(=disk free) Print disk info about all the filesystems (in human−readable form).

du / −bh | more

(=disk usage) Print detailed disk usage for each subdirectory starting at the "/" (root) directory (in human legible form).

cat /proc/cpuinfo

Cpu info−−it shows the content of the file cpuinfo. Note that the files in the /proc directory are not real files−−they are hooks to

look at information available to the kernel.

cat /proc/interrupts

List the interrupts in use. You May need to find out before setting up new hardware.

cat /proc/version

Linux version and other info.

cat /proc/filesystems

Show the types of filesystems currently in use.

cat /etc/printcap |more

Show the setup of printers.

lsmod

(= "list modules". As root. Use /sbin/lsmod to execute this command when you are a non−root user.) Show the kernel modules

currently loaded.

set|more

Show the current user environment (in full). Normally too much to bother.

echo $PATH

Show the content of the environment variable "PATH". This command can be used to show other environment variables as well. Use

set to see the full environment (see the previous command).

dmesg | less

Print kernel messages (the content of the so−called kernel ring buffer). Press "q" to quit "less". Use less /var/log/dmesg to see

what "dmesg" dumped into this file right after the last system bootup.

chage −l my_login_name

See my password expiry information.

quota

See my disk quota (the limits of disk usage).

sar

View information extracted the system activity log file (/var/log/sarxx where xx is the current day number). sar can extract many

kinds of system statistics including CPU load averages, i/o statistics, and network trafic statistics for the current day and (usually)

several days backs.

Make linux terminal shortcodes

2013-07-13T09:03:00.001-07:00

In Linux terminal Alias helps you to create shortcuts command, suppose if i need to display a list of directory with it's permission and group, that time i enter the command ll instead of ls -l, which will list the directory, ll is not a command in the Linux terminal but it's a alias defined in the system,

How to make Alias(Linux terminal shortcuts)
to define Alias you need to modify the bashrc file, to modify the file

sudo nano ~/.bashrc

it will open a editor in the terminal, (you can use gedit or vim editor ), now define your own alias here like

alias ll='ls -l'

press ctrl+x to save the file, after that when you enter ll it will execute ls -l

Have a Happy Linux, Help us to improve the blog,

Enable skype notification icon/indicator in Ubuntu 12.04/13.04

2013-07-08T09:26:00.000-07:00

After installing Skype on ubuntu 12.04 or 13.04, unity unable to Display the notification icon. (Download Skype for Linux)

To fix this issue you need to install or run the command like

 gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Panel systray-whitelist

After running this command it will display a list like, it is just example, it may be different in your system.

 ['JavaEmbeddedFrame', 'Wine', 'Update-notifier']

If it does not have the skype, it means skype is not listed to show notification. thus it is not allowed to display the icon on the tray, we need to append 'skype' in the list to display like,

 ['JavaEmbeddedFrame', 'Wine', 'Update-notifier', 'Skype']

Now we need to set gsettings using below command by appneding the following list. like,

 gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Panel systray-whitelist "['JavaEmbeddedFrame', 'Wine', 'Update-notifier', 'Skype']"

It will display skype icon on ubuntu system notification tray after rebooting the system

Have a Happy Linux!!

Easy package manager for Ubuntu/Debian

2013-06-27T18:31:00.000-07:00

Synaptic is a graphical package management program for apt. It provides the same features as the apt-get command line utility with a GUI front-end based on Gtk+.

How to install Synaptic packege manager:

 sudo apt-get install synaptic

Features of Synaptic package manager:

Install, remove, upgrade and downgrade single and multiple packages.
Upgrade your whole system.
Manage package repositories (sources.list).
Find packages by name, description and several other attributes.
Select packages by status, section, name or a custom filter.
Sort packages by name, status, size or version.
Browse all available online documentation related to a package.
Download the latest changelog of a package.
Lock packages to the current version.
Force the installation of a specifc package version.
Undo/Redo of selections.
Built-in terminal emulator for the package manager.
Debian/Ubuntu only: Configure packages through the debconf system.
Debian/Ubuntu only: Xapain based fast search (thanks to Enrico Zini)
Debian/Ubuntu only: Get screenshots from screenshots.debian.net

Randomize Your GNOME Wallpaper

2013-05-14T21:47:00.002-07:00

With a small bash script, it is possible to randomly select an image from a
directory and change the current GNOME wallpaper to that image. It's easy to
forget just how powerful bash can be; more than just a simple command shell,
bash has a whole host of features that make it well-suited for even complex
programming tasks.
To begin this hack, you need to have a directory full of wallpapers somewhere.
Assume this directory is located at /home/foo/Images/Wallpapers/. This script
will take an image from that directory and set it as the current wallpaper.

Here's the first part of the script:
#!/bin/bash
export DIR='/home/foo/Images/Wallpapers/'
export NUMBER=$RANDOM
export TOTAL=0
The first line is a standard piece of code that says which program should be
used to run the script (in this case bash). After this line is the
location of the directory containing your images, stored in the $DIR
variable for future use. Next, you store a random number, which is generated by
the built-in variable named $RANDOM. You also set $TOTAL to
0 to begin with; this variable stores the total number of images in the
directory.
After this initial code, you need to create a loop that counts the number of images
in the directory using the output of the ls command. Because this script doesn't
check file types, it is important that you store only images in this directory.
Here is the loop:
for f in `ls $DIR`
do
let "TOTAL += 1"
done
let "NUMBER %= TOTAL"
The line let "NUMBER %= TOTAL" is the part that actually selects which image will be
used. This line divides the randomly generated number by the number of images in the
directory and stores the remainder of this division in the $NUMBER variable. If
you're wondering how this works, the remainder must be between 0 and 1, minus the
number of images, and because in the next part the script starts counting from 0, it
is possible for any image to be selected with this method.
The final part of the script simply counts through each image to see if it is the
one that was selected. When it finds the correct image, it modifies the GConf setting
that stores the filename of the wallpaper using the gconftool command (this might be
gconftool-2 on some systems). Nautilus notices this change immediately and updates
the wallpaper. So, here's the final script:
#!/bin/bash
export DIR='/home/adam/Images/Wallpapers/'
export NUMBER=$RANDOM
export TOTAL=0
for f in `ls $DIR`
do
let "TOTAL += 1"
done
let "NUMBER %= TOTAL"
export CURRENT=0
for f in `ls $DIR`
do
if [ $CURRENT = $NUMBER ]
then
/usr/bin/gconftool-2 -t string -s /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename
$DIR/$f
break
fi
let "CURRENT += 1"
done
Save the script somewhere convenient such as /home/foo/setbg.sh. Also make it executable
by running the following in a terminal:
foo@bar:~$ chmod +x setbg.sh
Now when you run this script your wallpaper will be changed.

How to install Whatsapp in Ubuntu/Linux?

2013-05-14T02:40:00.002-07:00

Most of Android phone have "Whatsapp" application installed and running. this post is for PC freak
who need to install the whatsapp mobile app on the ubuntu

So here is the video that describes "how to run whatsapp from Ubuntu desktop PC with same account?"

Install Whats app in Ubuntu:

You will need to install the android emulator to run the whats app, there are two option to install android emulator
1. Install Genymotion Android Emulator in linux/ubuntu13.04
2. Install Normal android emulator for ubuntu 13.04/ debian.

You may also like Easy way to install whats app on windows/Mac OSX

Then open Browser in android emulator, And in google search "Whats app for Android" it will display like

click on Download now and it will download the apk file in your downloads folder of emulator, click on the whatsapp.apk file and install the whats app.

Accept terms and condition, and now verify your mobile number,

Click on Ok, and it will open a next page asking your personal information, like name, Photo,

Click on next to complete the process of whatsapp.

Here is the video Tutorial, you may get more clear idea about the whats app installation in ubuntu.

Whatsapp service requires you to verify the mobile phone number via text messaging (SMS). This is not possible in an emulator without a SIM card and mobile network radio.

Subscribe to us by Email

Post by Surficle.

How to install/run Android emulator on Ubuntu or Debian

2013-05-13T18:51:00.000-07:00

Here is guide on how to run Android emulator on Ubuntu or Debian.
Android emulator comes with Android SDK, and therefore you need to install Android SDK. Follow the steps below to install Android SDK on Linux.

Android SDK requires Java JDK. Therefore install Java JDK first.

To install Java JDK on Ubuntu or Debian:

 sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

To install Java JDK on CentOS, Fedora or RHEL, first set up Repoforge repository on your system, and then run the following.

 sudo yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel

Now download Android SDK ADT bundle from Android official site. Unzip the downloaded ADT bundle, and copy the sdk directory to your preferred location. Here I assume that the installation directory of Android SDK is ~/android-sdks.

For 64-bit Linux user: you must install another prerequisite called ia32-libs since Android emulator is 32-bit software. The ia32-libs package contains a set of runtime libraries for the ia32/i386 architecture, configured for use on a 64-bit kernel. On 64-bit Linux, the mksdcard utility which creates SD cards will fail without this package.

 sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

While using ia32-libs, if you encounter any error with 32-bit libGL.so, do the following:

 sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1.2.0 /usr/lib/libGL.so

In order to run Android emulator, you first need to create a new AVD (Android Virtual Device) which is an emulator configuration for the Android device to be emulated. To create a new AVD, first launch Android SDK Manager by running the following.

 ~/android-sdks/tools/android

Go to “Tools” > “Manage AVDs” on Android SDK Manager’s menu. It will open up AVD Manager.

Click on “Add” button to create a new AVD. An example configuration of a new AVD is shown below.

If an AVD has been successfully created, you will see the following confirmation.

You can check the list of available AVDs as follows.

 ~/android-sdk/android list avds

 Available Android Virtual Devices:  
   Name: my_avd  
   Path: /home/xmodulo/.android/avd/my_avd.avd  
  Target: Android 4.2 (API level 17)  
    ABI: armeabi-v7a  
   Skin: 800x1280  
  Sdcard: 1G

To launch Android emulator with the AVD that you have created, highlight the AVD on AVD Manager, and click on “Start” button on the right sidebar.

Alternatively, you can start Android emulator directly from command line as follows. In this case, specify “@[your_avd_name]” as an argument to the emulator.

 emulator @my_avd

Booting up Android emulator may be slow (even taking minutes) depending on your hardware. Once Android emulator is successfully launched, you will see an running instance of Android device.

Have a Happy Droiding!

Derived from : xmodulo

Secure Mount Points in Unix

2013-05-13T12:13:00.001-07:00

The primary way of interacting with a Unix machine is through its filesystem.
Thus, when an intruder has gained access to a system, it is desirable to
limit what he can do with the files available to him. One way to accomplish
this is with the use of restrictive mount options.
A mount option is a flag that controls how the file system may be accessed. It
is passed to the operating system kernel’s code when the file system is
brought online. Mount options can be used to prevent files from being interpreted
as device nodes, to disallow binaries from being executed, and to disallow the
SUID bit from taking effect (by using the nodev, noexec, and nosuid
flags). Files ystems can also be mounted read-only with the ro option.
These options are specified from the command line by running mount with
the -o flag. For example, if you have a separate partition for /tmp that is on
the third partition of your first IDE hard disk, you can mount with the
nodev, noexec, and nosuid flags, which are enabled by running the following
command:

# mount -o nodev,noexec,nosuid /dev/hda3 /tmp

An equivalent entry in your /etc/fstab would look something like this:

/dev/hda3 /tmp ext3 defaults,nodev,noexec,nosuid 1 2

By carefully considering your requirements and dividing up your storage
into multiple file systems, you can utilize these mount options to increase the
work that an attacker will have to do in order to further compromise your
system. A quick way to do this is to first categorize your directory tree into
areas that need write access for the system to function and those that don’t.
You should consider using the read-only flag on any part of the filesystem
where the contents do not change regularly. A good candidate for this might
be /usr, depending on how often updates are made to system software.
Obviously, many directories (such as /home) will need to be mounted as
read/write. However, it is unlikely that users on an average multiuser system
will need to run SUID binaries or create device files within their home
directories. Therefore, a separate filesystem, mounted with the nodev and
nosuid options, could be created to house the users’ home directories. If
you’ve determined that your users will not need to execute programs stored
in their home directories, you can use the noexec mount option as well. A
similar solution could be used for /tmp and /var, where it is highly unlikely
that any process will legitimately need to execute SUID or non-SUID
binaries or access device files. This strategy would help prevent the possibility
of an attacker leaving a Trojan horse in a common directory such as /tmp
or a user’s home directory. The attacker may be able to install the program,
but it will not be able to run, with or without the proper chmod bits.
binaries or access device files. This strategy would help prevent the possibility
of an attacker leaving a Trojan horse in a common directory such as /tmp
or a user’s home directory. The attacker may be able to install the program,
but it will not be able to run, with or without the proper chmod bits.

There are a number of ways that an attacker can circumvent these mount
restrictions. For example, the noexec option on Linux can be bypassed by
using /lib/ld-linux.so to execute binaries residing on a file system mounted
with this option. At first glance, you’d think that this problem could be remedied
by making ld-linux.so nonexecutable, but this would render all
dynamically linked binaries nonexecutable.
So, unless all of the programs you rely on are statically linked (they’re probably
not), the noexec option is of little use in Linux. In addition, an attacker
who has already gained root privileges will not be significantly hampered by
file systems mounted with special options, since these can often be
remounted with the -o remount option. But by using mount flags, you can
easily limit the possible attacks available to a hostile user before he gains
root privileges.

Vim Command Tips

2012-02-29T13:15:00.000-08:00

Save and quit

:w => Save [:w filename writes the content to the specified file from current file]

:q => Exit as long as there have been no changes

:q! => Exit and ignore any changes

:wq => Save and Exit.

:x => Exit, saving changes

ZZ => Exit and save changes if any have been made

:10,20w filename => writes the line from 10th line to 20th line in given file name
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Moving the Cursor

h : Move left

i : Move right

j : Move down

k : Move up

+ : act as j in command mode

- : act as k in command mode

w : Move to next word

W : Move to next blank delimited word

b : Move to the beginning of the word

B : Move to the beginning of blank delimiter word

e : Move to the end of the word

E : Move to the end of Blank delimited word

ge : jump to previous word-ending

gE : jump to previous word-ending, ignore punctuation

g_ : jump to last non-blank character of the line

( : Move a sentence back

) :Move a sentence forward

{ : Move a paragraph back

} : Move a paragraph forward

0 : Move to the beginning of the line [ 0 and | acts as a Home key it goes to beginning of a line ]

$ : Move to the end of the line, acts as a End key

:1 : Move to the first line of the file

G : Move to the last line of the file

nG : Move to nth line of the file

:n : Move to nth line of the file

fc :Move forward to c (c= character)

Fc : Move back to c

H :Move to top of screen

M :Move to middle of screen

L : Move to bottom of screen
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Inserting Text

i : Insert before cursor

I : Insert before line

a : Append after cursor

A : Append after line

o : Open a new line after current line

O : Open a new line before current line

r : Replace one character

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Delete/Cut and Paste

d^ : Deletes from current cursor position to the beginning of the line.

d$ : Deletes from current cursor position to the end of the line.

dw : Deletes from current cursor position to the end of the word.

dd : Deletes three lines from current cursor position downwards.(also :d)

yy : Yank the current line (also :y)

x : Delete a character next to the cursor

X : Delete character to the left of cursor

P : Paste line before the cursor

p : Paste line after the cursor

. : Repeat last edit command

u : Undo last edit (Ctrl+r redo)

U : Undo changes to current line

J : Join two lines

In Escape mode: C is delete the line from under the cursor to end of the line.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

External commands:

In Vim it's easy to include the output of external commands in to file.

!command, the output will be shown in prompt.

To insert the output of the external command in the current file
type :r!command for example

Code:
:r!date

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Completion

In insert mode.

Ctrl+p word completion .

Ctrl+x Ctrl+l whole line completion.

Ctrl+x Ctrl+k to do a dictionary lookup for the already typed characters.

Ctrl+x Ctrl+f to print the filename is vim.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Search/Replace

/pattern : search for pattern

?pattern : search backward for pattern

n :repeat search in same direction

N : repeat search in opposite direction

:%s/old/new/g : replace all old with new throughout file

:%s/old/new/gc : replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations

We can change the substitution delimiter instead of "/" to % or # or @ or !.

Refer the Following Link.

http://www.unix.com/unix-dummies-questions-answers/131585-changing-vi.html

:/pattern/= => Print the line number of the first line that matches pattern.

:g/pattern => Finds (moves to) the last occurrence of pattern in the file.

:g/pattern/p => Finds and displays all lines in the file containing pattern.

:g!/pattern/nu => Finds and displays all lines in the file that don't contain pattern;
also displays the line number for each line found.

:60,124g/pattern/p => Finds and displays any lines between lines 60 and 124 containing pattern

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Inverting Case (Upper to Lower / Lower to Upper)

~ :changes the lower case to upper case of current character

~guu :change current line from upper to lower.

~gUU :Change current LINE from lower to upper.

~guw :Change current WORD from upper to lower.

~gUw :Change current WORD from lower to upper.

g~~ :Invert case to entire line

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Opening Man page from VIM

K (Shift+k) will diplays the man page of current word under the cursor

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Splitting Windows

:sp will split the window

:q to quit from current split window

Crtl+ww navigate through another file

:bnext (or :bn) go to next buffer

:bprev (or :bp) go to previous buffer

:bd delete a buffer (close a file)

Ctrl+ws Split windows

Ctrl+ww Switch between windows

Ctrl+wq Quit a window

Ctrl+wv Split windows vertically.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Set Options

:set showmode - will show the current mode

:set autowrite - will write into file when we are toggling between two files with in editor.

:set autoindent - it is used for intendation the code.

Displaying Line Numbers

From Command Mode

:set nu [OR] :set number Display line numbers It will not save in file after closing the file.

:set nonu [OR] :set nonumber Hide line numbers

:set nomagic - will special character meaning, like * as some meaning when searching

:set tabstop - will set the spaces of tab key default it will 8 spaces

:set showmatch - will show the match of that brace default it will be setted.

:set spell will set the spell checking and high light wrong spell words.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Folding

If we want to folding some few lines in vim file:

First select the lines after type :fold

The selected line is folded.

If we want to open the folded lines use "zo".

If we want to close the folding lines use zc".

zR Unfold all folded lines in file.

za Open/close (toggle) a folded group of lines.

zA Open a closed fold or close an open fold recursively.

zc Close a folded group of lines.

zC Close all folded lines recursively.

zd Delete a folded line.

zD Delete all folded lines recursively.

zE Eliminate all folded lines in file.

zF Create "N" folded lines.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Recording

Insert mode type 1.
Escape mode.
q a press q buffer name
copy and paste.
Ctrl+a increments the number in current cursor
Ctrl+x decrements the number in current cursor
q to quit from recording
to execute the recording buffer:
10 @ buffername(a)

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Ctrl + a => increase a number under the cursor.
Ctrl + x => decrease a number under the cursor.
-------------------------------------------------------------------

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Mapping a key

In vim editor we can map the key for our requirement for that we use map command

Syntax: :map keyname work
Eg: :map <F2> :w - will save the file when F2 key pressed in command mode.

The key can be unmapped by unmap command
Syntax: :unmap

This mapping key is useful for compiling and executing a program

Abbreviation

Abbreviation is used in this vim editor
Syntax: :ab abbreviatedword explanation
Eg: :ab w work

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Ctrl+f forward scroll screen

Ctrl+b backward scroll screen

Ctrl-d Scroll down one half of a page

Ctrl-u Scroll up one half of a page

. will execute the last command in execution mode

In split window N goes backward to navigate

^w+ resizing the current split window to larging

^w- To decreasing the size of current split window

p put after current cursor

P put before the current cursor

In Insert mode Ctrl+w is used to cut the current word.

we can open multiple file at same time by passing all filename in vim command in single line.
:next is used to go to next file.

J concatenates the line by deleting the end of line

:set aw this command ensures that file saved automatically before switching.

: on removes all other windows in split window and current window will become the full screen.

Buffer can be used in this file to create buffer "buffername commands output command is stored in buffername.
Eg: "a3yy - copy the 3 lines and stored in a buffer

We can replace the particular word in particular range of line
Syntax: %10s/new/old/g - global

: pwd Print the current directory name.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

p and P differs on entire line and part of line deleted or yanked.

P places it left when word is deleted or cutted or yanked.

p places it right when word is deleted or cutted or yanked.

P places it above when entire line is deleted or yanked.

p places it below when entire line is deleted or yanked.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

In Insert Mode

^t give tab in beggining of a line

^y copies above character and paste

^u undo the operation

^i gives tab in current position

^o goes to command mode and accept only one command and return back to insert mode

^a place the buffer which has inserted text after opening the file.

^j and ^m acts as a enter key

^k insert before the current position

^c goes to command mode

In execution shift>> acts as tab instead of tab character

_____________________________________________________________________________________

B,W,E navigate between words but they ignore punctuations.

:.!tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]' - will convert case lower to upper in current line

:map r :w^V^M will save the file when press r in command mode

^M is set to be enter key in mapping

Visual mode.

Shift+v is to select a line
Ctrl+v is to select a block of text.

gv is used to reselect the last selection part in visual mode.

If you select some lines in visual mode using Ctrl+v or Shift+v.
later you want to select last selection in lines use gv.