Little Malay Class

Prefix men- with suffix -kan / Awalan men- dan akhiran -kan

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Wed, 22 Oct 2008 07:51:00 +0000

Hello, Sorry for not being able to update this blog here for some time . But as promised, when there are people who find this blog useful, I will keep on blogging.

Today, let's talk about words that are formed by the prefix me- and suffix -kan. E.g: Menggunakan (to use) , membesarkan (to enlarge), etc.

The me- form will change according to the first letter of the root word. So, before you continue, read this post about words formed by the prefix me- or imbuhan me-.

Words with prefix me- and suffix -kan is used to change any forms of words including non verb words into verbs - such as nouns, adverbs and adjectives.

Like the word "Cantik" - "beautiful" is an adjective. When we add me- and -kan, "mencantikkan".

E.g - Dia sedang mencantikkan rumahnya. - He is beautifying his house.

NOTE: when using words with these prefix and suffix, they are usually followed by a noun. If not, the sentence would appear unfinished.

More examples below:

Adjective = Bersih (clean)- Membersihkan (cleaning/to clean)

e.g Anak saya sedang(use this word to indicate that the activity is done at the moment of speaking) membersihkan biliknya.
- My daughter/son is cleaning her/his room.

Noun = Gambar ( picture/photo) - Menggambarkan (to potray)

e.g Filem ini menggambarkan cara orang berfikir pada abad ke-17.

- This film potrays the way people think in the 17th century.

Adverb = Perlahan ( slow) - Memperlahankan (to slow down)

e.g Ayah memperlahankan kereta dahulu sebelum berhenti.

-Dad slows down the car before stopping.

Basic Vocabularies (FEELINGS)

noreply@blogger.com (comey_lote) — Mon, 09 Jun 2008 18:00:00 +0000

Feel-Rasa (Taste also means Rasa)

Feelings-Perasaan

Happy-Gembira
Sad-Sedih
Shocked-Terkejut
Fear/Afraid-Takut
Angry/Mad-Marah
Good/Fine-Baik
Bored-Bosan
Confused-Keliru
Regret-Kesal
Suspicious-Curiga
Irritated/Annoyed-Sakit Hati
Stressed-Tertekan
Love-Cinta/Sayang
Like-Suka
Jealous-Cemburu
Hate-Benci
Regret-Kesal
Worried-Bimbang
Hungry-Lapar
Thirsty-Dahaga
Full-Kenyang
Tired-Letih
Sleepy-Mengantuk
Give up-Putus Asa/

Lesson 7/Pelajaran Tujuh: Singular or plural and classifiers.

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Sun, 04 May 2008 12:54:00 +0000

Singular or Plural.

Malay language is a very easy language. There are not much difference in singular and plural. There are only a few exceptions.

Say, we want to say :

She has a pencil. - Dia ada pensel. (singular)
She has many pencils. - Dia ada banyak pensel. (plural)

Notice the difference ? banyak means many or a lot of. The noun doesn't change its form.

But if you need to indicate the amount or quantity, you need to change form of the noun and/or add classifiers.

She has 5 pencils. - Dia ada 5 batang (classifier - we will go into this later at the end of this post) pensel.

If the noun is the object then you need to change its form.

Those pencils are hers. - Pensel-pensel itu kepunyaan dia. / Pensel-pensel itu dia punya.

These houses are quite expensive. - Rumah-rumah ini agak mahal.

You double the noun. Kereta-kereta (cars), rumah-rumah (houses) etc.

Notice here there are no "verbs to be" used in the malay language.No "is" or "are".And notice also, there is no difference with "this" or "these" and "that" or "those" in the malay language. Everything is "ini" (this/these) and "itu" (that/those).

Classifiers.

Just like the English language, the Malay language also uses classifiers.

e.g:

5 helai kain - 5 pieces of cloth.

Though there are a few classifiers in the Malay language here are the commonly used classifiers, memorize these and you are good to go:

buah - literally means fruit. But you use this word as a classifier for objects that are cubicle in shape, or large.Buildings, vehicles, furniture so on.

6 buah buku - 6 books
sebuah rumah - a house
7 buah kereta - 7 cars

Ekor - literally means Tail. But you use this word as a classifier for animals and insects.

4 ekor kucing - 4 cats.
3 ekor semut merah - 3 red ants.
seekor ikan - a fish

orang - literally means person. You use this word as a classifier for people of course.

5 orang pelajar - 5 students.
11 orang pekerja - 11 employees.
20 orang askar - 20 soldiers.

Biji - literally means seed of a fruit. You use this word as a classifier for object that are sphere in shape, fruits.

sebiji epal - An apple.
2 biji bola - 2 balls.

Note: you pronounce biji as bijik. :)

Batang - litterally means stalk or stem. You use this word as a classifier for long shaped objects. Like the top example, Pencil.

Sebatang pensel - a pencil
4 batang kayu - 4 sticks. (kayu means wood but in this sense when you use the word batang you will know that it means sticks or rods)

Vocabulary you might want to know:

Pensel - Pencil
Pen - Pen
Buku - Book
Rumah - House
Kereta - Car
Kain - Cloth
ada - have
tidak ada - don't have

Basic Vocabularies (COLOR)

noreply@blogger.com (comey_lote) — Tue, 25 Mar 2008 15:12:00 +0000

Warna - Color

Warna-warna - Colors
Warna-warni - Colorful

Putih - White
Hitam _ Black
Biru - Blue
Kuning - Yellow
Hijau - Green
Kelabu - Grey
Merah - Red
Merah Jambu - Pink
Jingga/Oren - Orange
Ungu - Purple
Coklat (This can also be translated as chocolate) - Brown
Perang - Brunette
Biru Muda - Light Blue/Baby Blue***
Biru Tua - Dark Blue***

*** Literally, Biru Muda is translated as young blue because MUDA means "young" while Biru Tua literally means Old Blue because TUA means "old"

Lesson Six/Pelajaran Enam

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Wed, 19 Mar 2008 11:05:00 +0000

Going shopping/Pergi membeli belah.

Vocabulary/Kosa kata.

Pakaian - Clothes
Baju - a piece of clothing- usually for the top. Shirt, t-shirt, blouse, etc.
Kemeja - Shirt
Kemeja T - T-shirt
Seluar - Pants
Beli-belah - Shopping
Kasut - Shoes
Beli - Buy
Berapa harga? - How much? (price)
Terlalu/sangat - Very
Murah - cheap
Mahal - expensive
Kurang - lessen
sedikit - little (amount not size)
yang ini - this one
yang itu - that one

Conversation/Perbualan :

Shop owner/ Pemilik kedai : Boleh saya bantu? - May I help you?

Buyer/Pembeli : Ya, saya mahu membeli pakaian. - Yes, I would like/want to buy clothes.

: Boleh saya lihat kemeja itu? - May I have a look at that shirt?

Shop owner/ Pemilik kedai : Sudah tentu. - Of course.

: Yang ini? - This one?

Buyer/Pembeli : Ya, yang itu. - Yes, that one.

: Berapa harganya? - How much is it?

Shop owner/ Pemilik kedai : Dua puluh lima ringgit. - Twenty five ringgit.

Buyer/Pembeli : Terlalu/sangat mahal. Boleh murah sedikit harganya? - Very expensive. Can
lessen the price?

Shop owner/ Pemilik kedai : Baiklah. Dua puluh ringgit. Boleh? - Alright. Twenty ringgit. ***
Can?

Buyer/Pembeli : Ya, terima kasih. - Yes, thank you.

Shop owner/Pemilik kedai : Sama sama/ kembali. -You're welcome.

Note: *** You wish it's that easy to haggle with a Malaysian shop owner and get that much of a discount the first time. :p

Basic Vocabularies (BODY)

noreply@blogger.com (comey_lote) — Mon, 17 Mar 2008 08:23:00 +0000

Badan - Body

Kepala -Head
Dahi - Forehead
Muka-Face
Rambut-Hair
Telinga- Ear
Mata-Eyes
Hidung-Nose
Mulut-Mouth
Pipi-Cheek
Dagu-Chin
Leher-Neck
Bahu-Shoulder
Lengan-Arm
Siku-Elbow
Tangan-Hand
Jari-Finger
Kuku-Nail
Pinggul-Hip
Lutut-Knee
Kaki-Foot
Jari kaki -Toe
Organ-Organ
Jantung-heart
Hati-Liver
Paru-paru-Lung
Buah pinggang-Kidney
Kulit-Skin
Perut-Stomach

Kesihatan-Health
Sihat-Healthy
Sakit-Ill/Pain
Demam-Fever
Batuk-Cough
Luka-Wound

Lesson Five/Pelajaran Lima

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Sun, 10 Feb 2008 20:03:00 +0000

Days of the week.

Ahad - Sunday
Isnin - Monday
Selasa - Tuesday
Rabu - Wednesday
Khamis - Thursday
Jumaat - Friday
Sabtu - Saturday

Hari - Day
Hari ini- Today
Kelmarin *- Yesterday
Esok - Tomorrow
Lusa - Day after tomorrow
Minggu - Week
Minggu Lepas - Last week
Minggu Ini - This week
Minggu depan - Next week
Bulan - Month
Bulan ini - This month
Bulan depan - Next month

Setiap/tiap-tiap hari ** - everyday
Pergi - Go
Pasar - Market
Akan - will (in the future)
ke - to

Conversation/Perbualan.

Hari in hari selasa - Today is Tuesday.

Kelmarin hari Isnin - Yesterday was Monday.

Esok hari Rabu - Tommorow is Wednesday.

Bulan depan saya akan pergi ke Malaysia - Next month I will go to Malaysia.

Setiap hari Ahad saya ke Pasar - Every Sunday I go to the Market.

Note: * In the south of Malaysia, people use "semalam" for yesterday, while "kelmarin" they use for day before yesterday.

** Hari-hari also means everyday.

Prefix ter/Imbuhan ter.

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Mon, 21 Jan 2008 21:35:00 +0000

Another important prefix is 'ter'. This prefix is used to show;

a)an action done without intention or by accident
b)means 'the most' when added it to a noun
c)to show incapability of doing something when combined with the word 'tidak' (no) Note: short form of 'tidak' is 'tak'.

a)an action done without intention or by accident.

Saya tidak sengaja. Saya tertidur. - I didn't do it intentionally. I accidentally
slept.

Dia terambil buku saya. - He/she accidentally took my book.

Saya terlupa, saya terminum jus epal awak - I forgot(unintentionally), I drank your apple juice.

b)means 'the most' when added it to a noun.

Dia pelajar terbaik di sekolah - He/she is the best student in school.

Perempuan itu yang tercantik - That woman is the most beautiful.

c)to show incapability of doing something when combined with the word 'tidak'.

Aku tak terjawab soalan tu*, susah sangat. - I couln't answer that question. Too difficult.

Dia tak terangkat beg yang berat ni. - He/she couldn't pick up this heavy bag.

* Tu is short form of itu (that)
** ni is short form of ini (this)

Lesson Four/Pelajaran Empat

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Mon, 21 Jan 2008 21:12:00 +0000

Mahu/Hendak (Want/Would like)

Vocabulary/Kosa kata

Suka - Like
Mahu/Hendak - Want/Would like
Rasa - feel, taste (same word different meaning depending on context of usage)
Lapar - Hungry
Dahaga - Thirsty
Mengantuk - Sleepy
Makan - Eat
Minum - Drink
Tidur - Sleep
Pergilah - Go (lah here is to emphasis. It's kind of informal. If you want to speak
like a real malay. Use the lah as often as you can. :D)

Nasi - Rice
Jus oren - Orange Juice
Air - Water
Sangat - Very
Tidak berapa - not very

Conversation/Perbualan:

Saya rasa mengantuk - I feel sleepy.

Saya mahu tidur - I want to sleep.

Pergilah tidur - Go to sleep.

Saya rasa lapar - I am hungry

Saya mahu makan nasi - I want to eat rice

Pergilah makan - Go and eat.

Saya rasa sangat dahaga - I am very thirsty

Saya mahu minum air - I want to drink water.

Saya tidak berapa suka jus oren - I don't like orange juice so much.

Saya tidak suka rasanya - I don't like it's taste. (here 'rasa' means taste)

Prefix me/Imbuhan me

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Thu, 10 Jan 2008 09:46:00 +0000

Prefix is a words that is joined together to a root word of a verb for different context usage.

The prefix me-

Tulis - write menulis - to write

usually the prefix me- is usually to use in the present tense sentences.

Rozi menulis sajak.
Rozi is writing a poem.

Note: To give emphasis that Rozi is writing at that particular moment, usually the word 'sedang' is added. Colloquial malay or bahasa pasar 'sedang' is 'tengah' and no need to add the me-.

Rozi sedang menulis sajak.

Bahasa pasar - Rozi tengah tulis sajak. (Usually spoken by native malay in malaysia in this way)

The word me- changes it's form according to the first letter of the root word.

L,M,N,Ng,Y,R,W. Me- retains it's original form.

Eg: Lukis (draw) Melukis (to draw)
Masak (cook) Memasak (to cook)

g,h,k,q,a,e,i,o,u. me- is added with ng,

Eg: gosok (rub) menggosok (to rub)
urut (massage) mengurut (to massage)

and if the word stats with k, the k is dropped;

kesat (wipe) mengesat
Kendali (handle) mengendali

b,v,p,f. Me- is added with m,

Eg: beritahu (tell) memberitahu (to tell)

if word starts with p, f, the p and f are dropped;

pukul (hit) memukul (to hit)
fikir (think) memikir (to think)

c,j,d,t,z, Me- is added with n,

E.g: cantas (cut) mencantas (to cut)
jerut (squeeze) menjerut (to squeeze)

s, Me- is added with ny, s is then drop

E.g: sakat (tease) menyakat (to tease)
sula (beat) menyula (to beat)

Words with one syllable Menge- is used;

E.g: lap (wipe) mengelap

Lesson Three/Pelajaran Tiga

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Sun, 06 Jan 2008 13:50:00 +0000

Vocabulary/Kosa kata.

0 - Kosong/sifar
1 - Satu
2 - Dua
3 - Tiga
4 - Empat
5 - Lima
6 - Enam
7 - Tujuh
8 - Lapan
9 - Sembilan
10- Sepuluh
11 - Sebelas
12 - Duabelas
19 - Sembilanbelas
20 - Dua puluh
21 - Dua puluh satu
30 - Tiga puluh
39 - Tiga puluh sembilan
99 - Sembilan puluh sembilan
100 - Satu ratus/seratus
101 - Seratus satu
1000 - Seribu
1,251 - Seribu dua ratus lima puluh satu

Pertama - First *
Ke-dua - Second
Ke-sepuluh - Tenth

Nombor - Number
Telefon - Telephone
Apa? - What?
Berapa? - How many?/How much?
Umur - age
Tahun - year

Conversation/Perbualan.

Apa nombor telefon awak?
What is your telephone number?

Nombor telefon saya ialah 3630548772
My telephone number is 3630548772

Berapa umur awak?
How old are you?

Umur saya 27 tahun.
I am 27 years old.

Saya anak ke-enam.
I am the sixth child.

Note: * only first doesn't use ke-. After that it's just adding ke- before the numbers. Ke-empat, ke-seratus, ke-seribu and so on.

Lesson Two/Pelajaran Dua

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Sat, 05 Jan 2008 23:36:00 +0000

Vocabulary/kosa kata

Boleh - Can
Tidak - No
Tidak boleh - Can not
Ya - Yes
Bahasa Melayu - Malay Language
Bahasa Inggeris - English Language
Bahasa Jerman - German Language
Bahasa Hungary - Hungarian Language
Juga - also
Cakap - speak
Tetapi/tapi - But
Perempuan - woman/girl
Lelaki - man/Boy
Itu - That
Ini - This
Orang - person/people
Pelancong - Tourist
adalah - is/are

Conversation/Perbualan:

Saya boleh cakap Bahasa Melayu - I can speak malay.

Saya juga boleh cakap Bahasa Inggeris - I also can speak English.

Tetapi tidak boleh cakap Bahasa Jerman. - But I cannot speak German.

Lelaki itu kawan saya - That man is my friend.

Dia orang Jerman - He is German.

Dia boleh cakap Bahasa Melayu - He can speak Malay.

Itu isterinya - That is his wife.

Dia tidak boleh cakap Bahasa Melayu - She cannot speak Malay.

Mereka adalah pelancong. - They are tourists.

Additional notes/Nota tambahan:

Add 'nya' after a noun to mean possession 'his' or 'hers'
E.g: Isterinya -His wife. Suaminya- Her husband. Anaknya-His/Her child.

The informal word for "I" is "aku" and "you" is "engkau/kau". These are informal and usually used for close friends and should never use for elders for it will be considered disrespectful.

For animals and objects can use the word 'ia' as a pronoun.

The words "lelaki" and "perempuan" can only be used for people but for animals "jantan" and "betina" respectively are used instead.
E.g/contoh: Kucing jantan (male cat), kucing betina (female cat)

Malay Greetings

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Thu, 03 Jan 2008 11:26:00 +0000

Selamat Datang : Welcome!

Selamat Tinggal : Goodbye (usually spoken by those who are leaving)

Selamat Jalan : Goodbye (usually spoken by those who are staying behind)

Selamat Pagi : Good morning.

Selamat Tengahari : Good Afternoon.

Selamat Petang : Good evening.

Selamat Malam : Good night.

Lesson One/Pelajaran Satu

noreply@blogger.com (Syari) — Tue, 01 Jan 2008 20:26:00 +0000

Vocabulary/Kosa Kata.

Saya - I/me
Awak /Kamu/Anda- you
Dia - He/She
Kami - We
Awak berdua- both of you
Awak semua - all of you
Mereka - They

Apa?- What?
Nama- Name
Khabar - news
Kawan- friend
Namanya- His/her name
Terima Kasih - Thank you.

Conversation/Perbualan:

Apa Khabar? - How are you?
(saya) khabar baik, terima kasih - I am fine, thank you.
Apa nama awak? - What is your name?
Nama saya Harris. - My name is Harris.
Dia* kawan saya - She/He is my friend.
Apa namanya** - What's her name?
Namanya Fatima - Her name is Fatima.

Note:
*Dia applies to both male and female.
** "nya" in "namanya" comes from the word "dia"