Observations from Homicide Scenes – How to Stay Out of a Body Bag

Last updated: 2/3/17

1. Be Smart
A lot of people who end up in a body bag put themselves there. Don’t do stupid things with stupid people in dangerous places. Always make smart decisions that reduce risk. The best way not to be there on the backend is not to be there on the front-end. Every situation you avoid is a situation that you win. Prevention is the only guarantee of safety.

2. Be Aware
There is an unavoidable gap between action and reaction. It is in that gap that fights are often won or lost. Criminals want to catch you off guard. They want to accomplish their goal BEFORE you have a chance to effectively respond. Because of this, if you look like you are unaware and easy to catch off guard you are more likely to be a target. If you are paying attention, and you look like you are paying attention, you are less likely to be a target, and you are less likely to get caught off guard if something bad happens. The counter tactics to “surprise and overwhelm” are being aware and mentally prepared.

3. Be Decisive
Violent altercations usually only last seconds, maybe tens of seconds, maybe a minute or minutes. But no matter how long an altercation lasts, it can turn on tenths of a second. The person who is acting has an advantage over the person who is not acting, which is why criminals want to catch you off guard. Once you realize force is necessary, you must be decisive. You must take the fight to them and force them to react to you. You must act faster than they can react. You must shift their focus from hurting you to protecting themselves as quickly as possible.

To respond decisively, you must be aware that there is a problem. Don’t get caught slip’en.  There is no response until, and unless, there is recognition.

You must have a game plan. Do not wait until you are in the problem to solve the problem. Use your imagination to think of realistic responses to probable scenarios ahead of time because during survival stress you will probably be reacting more than problem-solving. Like a school fire drill, have a plan in place before you need it. Of course, you always have to be flexible to circumstances. But having a plan in place before you need it will protect you from feeling overwhelmed and caught off guard, even if you do not use your plan the way you planned it.

The holy trinity of reacting quickly is mindset, ability/method, and gear. Once you realize force is necessary, you must be fully committed to doing whatever is necessary to defend innocent life (yours or someone else’s). Remember, violent altercations can turn on tenths of a second and the person acting has an advantage over the person who is not acting. You do not have time to hesitate. But mindset is not enough, you must have ability. The methods you rely on must work under real conditions, and you must have the ability to execute those methods effectively. Proper gear is also critical. If your gear does not facilitate easy rapid deployment, you might not be fast enough to save your life. Eventually I’m going to write an article about an individual who was shot to death with his hand on his gun, stuck in his pocket. Do not be that body. Having gear that you cannot deploy quick enough is worse than having no gear at all.

Of course, there are no guarantees. You can do everything right and still end up dead. But you want to give yourself the best chance possible through awareness, prevention and preparation. The one thing you do not want to be at a crime scene is the dead body. You owe it to yourself and your loved ones to do everything you can to stay out of a body bag.

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Post 11 – How Self-Defense and Gun Training Can Saves Lives

Last updated: 9/21/15

On 9-11-15 a man was shot and killed in his car on the eastside of Detroit. I was not working for the Medical Examiner that day because I teach two self-defense classes at the Royal Oak campus of Oakland Community College on Fridays, but my partners transported his body from the scene.

On Sunday 9-13-15 I trained with a small group of individuals that meet once a month as part of our personal development as use-of-force instructors, and because some of us work in law enforcement, the military or private security. In my case I work for TFP Investigations to protect people in danger either because they work in high crime areas or because they are being threatened. Because of the type of work we do at TFP Investigation we spend a lot of time in and around vehicles, and we run into a lot of problems in and around vehicles, so we decided to run several scenarios in and around vehicles, including the shooting on 9-11-15. This was the result:

What the Airsoft does not show are the affects of those first couple shots by the attacker, anyone of which could have killed or incapacitated the person in the car. Bottom line, getting ambushed while in a car is a losing proposition. Which means tactics must do everything possible to avoid being ambushed while trapped in a vehicle.

On Thursday 9-17-15 I spent 8 hours protecting someone in the City of Detroit. Every house we went to that day had a recent shooting nearby while a worker was visiting the home. At one of the houses we went to that day someone was shot and killed only 21 days earlier. These are high crime areas. Consequently we often attract attention from people selling drugs in these neighborhoods.

At the last house I went to that day a car with three males drove past my location, turned around and parked in the middle of the street and locked eyes on me for several minutes (I’m pointing at where they were from where I was).

I moved to the left rear of the bumper of my vehicle and drew my gun so it was in my hand but they could not see it. I made sure I looked unfazed and happy incase they were fishing for a reaction. After several minutes they drove away without incidence.

Nothing happened in this case. But if it had, I was ready to respond rapidly. I have been training street to house length encounters (https://www.livesafeacademy.com/2018/11/27/post-10-what-i-learned-from-the-last-murder-shooting-scene-i-worked/), I had cover and a good line of fire. I was also able to have my gun in hand without escalating the situation or giving up the element of surprise. If I was in my vehicle the probability of me winning, or evening surviving, that fight would have been very little. By applying better tactics I was able to dramatically change the dynamics of that fight if an altercation had happened, substantially increasing my chances and decreasing theirs. Better tactics can also prevent altercations, because criminals seek easy targets.

Moral of the story: Training matters. By studying real encounters, and by vetting tactics and techniques through force-on-force training, you can eliminate a lot of the false beliefs that get people killed. Your life is worth it.

The post Post 11 – How Self-Defense and Gun Training Can Saves Lives appeared first on Live Safe Academy.

Post 10 – What I Learned From The Last Murder / Shooting Scene I Worked

Last updated: 6/18/15

I work part-time for a private company that is contracted to transport bodies for the 3rd largest Medical Examiner in the United States. Through this company I also have experience working with 2 other counties. As a result I’m called to many crime scenes where people are shot, stabbed, beat or choked to death. I also go to many scenes where people die from a variety of medical emergencies. By having direct access to real scenes I am better able to educate my students about violent crime and medical emergencies, which is why I do the job. Going to real scenes also keeps me fiercely motivated and focused to do everything in my power to prepare my students for reality. Nothing puts self-defense, crime prevention and first aid training into perspective like lifting up the body of a murdered child, something I had to do twice in 6 days only a few days before writing this article.

The last murder / shooting scene I went to involved a single male that was shot to death while on a front porch. It was a drive by shooting, most likely drug related. The deceased was shot multiple times. One of the gunshot wounds was in his left hand. This wound was consistent with being shot in the hand while pointing a gun (bullet entered from the front of the fist traveling towards the body). The wound to the hand was not consistent with a defensive wound or random hit. As soon as I saw the wound to the hand I asked the police if the deceased was shooting too and if the gun was in his left hand, and they said yes to both.

So here are the facts:

1.) The deceased was shot in the hand holding the gun
2.) The deceased was shooting his gun with his left hand
3.) The deceased had a brace on his right hand
4.) The deceased had scars from previous gunshot wounds on his right arm
5.) The shooting distance of the shooting was from the street to the porch of a residential neighborhood

I don’t know if the deceased was left-handed or right-handed, but because he had a brace on his right hand he may have been forced to shoot with his left hand. The scars from previous gunshot wounds to his right arm might have happened because he was right-handed and consequently was using his right hand to shoot the gun. And while I don’t know the circumstances of his previous gunshot wounds, I do know that, unlike his final encounter, he lived. That means it’s possible that what caused him to lose his life in this shooting is the fact that he was forced to shoot using his “off hand” instead of his primary hand. Now that’s only speculation on my part, but it’s a valid concern nonetheless. Which begs the question, HOW OFTEN DO YOU SHOOT WITH YOUR SUPPORT HAND ONLY? And if you do, how realistic is your support hand training? Do you draw from concealment using the support hand only? Do you shoot and move shooting with the support hand only? Do you shoot at combat speed (5 shots a second) using your support hand only? If your primary hand was injured in a fight right now, could you use your support hand to fight back effectively?

Two other points of consideration:

First, most shootings start close (from contact range to 10”) but do you push the range out to street range distance? This may have been a classic drug related drive by but the last murder / shooting I went to that was similar to this murder was of an innocent property manager killed for evicting people not paying rent. They started shooting the property manager from the street while he was on his front porch, just like the last case I went too. The 2 killers chased the property manager into his house and assassinated him on his kitchen floor while 2 toddlers were in the home. That murder victim was an innocent, hard-working family man, not a drug dealer or street thug.

Second, during survival stress people will usually hyper focus on the problem they are trying to solve. Most people will not shift their focus away from the threat to look at gun sights, optics or a laser red dot. That’s why getting shot in the hand is so common during real fights and during force-on-force simulations. The brain will fixate the eyes on the gun being pointed and people will subconsciously direct fire where their eyes are looking. You won’t notice this shooting paper, steal or cardboard because those targets are passive. But you will see it immediately in real shootings and force-on-force training. So another question is, do you know how to quickly and accurately aim your gun without using gun sights, optic or a laser red dot? And do you practice your gun skills during realistic force-on-force training so you have to recognize and respond to a real person attacking you in realistic ways? Obviously training and violence are never the same. But your training should prepare you for real encounters as much as possible.

If you don’t you might be that dead body at a crime scene.

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How to Carry a Concealed Handgun – Part 1 of 2

Last updated: 5/5/15

Learn How To Select A Method To Conceal A Handgun That Works For You

General Principles

How you choose to carry your gun will depend on your lifestyle, personal preference, body type and style of dress.
Factors when carrying include:

1.) Comfort
If the gun is uncomfortable to carry, it probably won’t be carried consistently. How often we carry our gun is a personal choice but we don’t want to find ourselves needing the gun on the day that we left it home because it was uncomfortable.

2.) Consistency
Carrying the gun consistently in the same location is also very important. Once you find your preferred method of carry, stick with it. Violent altercations can turn on factions of a second and under stress people tend to act reflexively. You don’t want to reach for the wrong location when your life is in jeopardy.

3.) Speed
Most assaults are spontaneous, high stress, low light, close range and quick. The statistical norm for gunfights is between 2.5 and 3 seconds. The majority of gunfights begin within 5’ (most of these begin within 2’). The vast majority of gunfights begin within 10’.

4.) Simplicity
Under stress, the natural reaction with a gun is to “grab point and shoot”. Anything that adds to that process can create performance issues, even in spite of training.

5.) Accessibility
If possible, you want a carry method that allows you to draw and holster the gun with one hand. Ideally, you want to be able to draw the gun with either hand. This can be crucial if one hand is injured or preoccupied with another life saving task.

6.) Concealability
The advantage of a concealed gun is the fact that people don’t know that you’re armed, so your method of carry should keep your gun hidden.

7.) Security
One of the advantages of proper carry gear is to prevent a gun from being dropped. The location of the gun should also facilitate retention.
In Part 2 we will discuss where to conceal a gun on your body (and off body carry), as well as retention holsters, grip angle based on location, and carrying extra ammunition and multiple guns.

Additional Resources:

The post Post 9 – How to Carry a Concealed Handgun (Part 1 of 2) appeared first on Live Safe Academy.

Post 8 – How to Get a Michigan Concealed Pistol License

Last updated: 12/16/14

A Michigan Concealed Pistol License allows you to lawfully conceal handguns on or about your person, and in your vehicle.

To qualify for a concealed pistol licenses or “CPL”, often referred to as a CCW, you must meet the follow criteria:

1.) 21 years or older
2.) Pass a background check
3.) Successfully complete a training course that meets the requirements of section 5J Public Act 372 of 1927
4.) Be a citizen of the United States or an immigrant alien lawfully admitted into the United States and a resident of the State of Michigan for at least 6 months prior to application

For a detailed list of the requirements:
http://www.michigan.gov/msp/0,4643,7-123-1591_3503_4654-10926–,00.html

The cost to obtain a CPL is $105, which includes the cost of fingerprinting by the County Sheriff.

You will need to turn in the following to the County Clerk in the County that you reside:

1.) Application, complete with the name and contact information of two references.
2.) $105.00
3.) Passport quality photo *
4.) Training Certificate (first CPL only)

* The County Clerk will offer to take your picture for a price. Read Post 6 – What I Need To Know About Renewing My Michigan Concealed Pistol License (CPL) to learn how to get a passport quality picture for free.

And you will need to be fingerprinted (first CPL only), which you will do after you submit your application to the County Clerk.

CPL applications are free and can be obtained from:

• County sheriffs
• Local police agencies
• County clerks

For a PDF copy of the Michigan CPL application:
http://sheriffconnect.com/files/applications/CPL%20Application.pdf

You can often fill out the application, and even pay, online at the County Clerk website. But you will still need to go to the County Clerk to sign your application and submit your passport quality photo and training certificate.

Q. When will I receive my CPL?
A. Every County varies. In some Counties you will probably receive your CPL by mail in about 30 days. Some Counties may take several months. Most Counties will mail your CPL. Macomb requires people to obtain their first CPL in person at a Gun Board meeting in which the Gun Board will ask you a few basic questions (don’t get intimidated, the questions are quick and easy).

Q. How do I know if I can pass the background check?
A. Check out these links:
• Michigan State Police website: http://www.michigan.gov/msp/0,4643,7-123-1591_3503_4654-10926–,00.html
• Michigan State Legislator website: http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(oq0kus55tm04kgq2w2wguzuh))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=mcl-28-425b
• Still not sure if you can pass the background check, read our article Post 7 – How to Get Free Legal Advice

Q. What if I’m denied?
A. If you believe you were wrongfully denied, the process for appealing a denial is included in the CPL application kit. Make sure you contact an attorney quickly and get proper representation. The amount of time to appeal is very short.

Q. How do I renew my CPL?
A. For information about renewing a Michigan CPL read:
Post 6 – What I Need To Know About Renewing My Michigan Concealed Pistol License (CPL)

The post Post 8 – How to Get a Michigan Concealed Pistol License appeared first on Live Safe Academy.

Post 7 – How To Get Free Legal Advice

Last updated: 12/16/14

Have a legal question? Do you know that you can get a free 30 minute phone consultation with an attorney by using the referral service of most County BAR Associations?

If your local County BAR Association does not give a free 30 minute phone consultation, don’t worry. Just contact anther County BAR Association. County BAR Associations are professional organizations, not County government programs, so they don’t care where you live. They are happy to service everyone.

The post Post 7 – How To Get Free Legal Advice appeared first on Live Safe Academy.

Post 6 – How to Renew My Michigan Concealed Pistol License (CPL)

Last updated: 6/8/14

No. When you fill out the Concealed Pistol License application you “certify” with your signature (NOT a class certificate) that you have “completed at least 3 hours’ review of the training described under section 5b(7)(c) and has had at least 1 hour of firing range time in the 6 months immediately preceding the subsequent application”. Section 5b(7)(c) refers to the original 8-hour training course that was required to obtain your CPL.

Some Counties require proof of range time and some do not, so contact your County Clerk to find out or just bring your receipt from the range.

What does the law say? Read Section 5l(8):
http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-28-425l

2.) When should I renew?
The earlier the better, some Counties take several months to issue a CPL renewal and you don’t want to get caught without a valid license. You can apply for your renewal up to 6 months before your CPL expires. If you get approved early don’t worry because the start date of your new license will be the same as the end date of your current license, so you’ll still get all 5 years.

What does the law say? Read Section 5l(3):
http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-28-425l

3.) What happens if my CPL expires before the Gun Board renews it?
The concealed weapon licensing board is required to issue or deny issuance of your renewal license within 60 days after your application for renewal is properly submitted. If the concealed weapon licensing board fails to deny or issue your renewal license within 60 days as required, the expiration date of your current license is extended by 180 days or until the renewal license is issued, whichever occurs first. When carrying a concealed pistol after the expiration date of your license pursuant to an extension you are required to keep the receipt issued by the County Clerk and your expired license at all times when carrying a pistol.

What does the law say? Read Sections 5l(4), 5l(5) and 5l(6):
http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-28-425l

4.) Can I renew my CPL after it’s expired?
Yes.  The renewal process is always the same, even if your CPL is already expired.

5.) Things to make the renewal process easier and less expensive:

A. You may be able to fill out and pay for your application online. Go to your County Clerk website to find out. You’ll still need to go to the County Clerk to sign your application and submit a current Passport photo.

B. If you have a smartphone, you can use an ID photo app to take your picture. Just make sure you have a white background. One student did this and sent the picture to a local franchise store with a photo print service and only spent 20 cents. The County she lives in charges $10 to take the same picture. If you have a printer that prints photos and you use photo paper you can print the picture yourself.

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Post 5 – In Memory of a Stick Fighter (Balintawak)

Last updated: 5/30/14

I wrote the article below at the request of the Buot family to memorialize my teacher of 11 years, Teodoro “Ted” Buot of Balintawak. Balintawak is a Filipino stick fighting system.

In 1994 I met a man who I had heard much about. Training with him meant no rank, no titles, no certificates, just pure skill for the sake of knowledge. Exactly what I was looking for. Modern wars and most violent crimes are not fought with the skills practiced in the majority of martial arts programs today. That means a lot of what is practiced in martial arts today is (a) a form of recreation and (b) not vetted in violence to filter false information. That opens the floodgates for a lot of counter productive distractions like ranks and titles, and debates over authenticity and differences between “styles”. None of which has anything to do with winning a violent encounter. And none of which had anything to do with training with Teodoro “Ted” Buot, who I always called Mr. Buot as a personal gesture of respect.

I was exposed to violence at a young age and I lived a violent lifestyle for a long time. I was a ward of the State as a youth, and as an adult I removed dead bodies for the Medical Examiners in two Counties, several of whom were murder victims that were shot, stabbed, choked or beat to death. I was caught in the middle of a shooting as a youth and I watched someone die from gunshot wounds as an adult. I’ve watched people get physically hurt. I’ve injured many people, and I’ve been injured many times myself. I once held a girl in my arms who was kicked in the head so hard she almost died, and I’ve listened to the stories of countless victims brutalized and abused by violent criminals. Some of those victims were children. Even as a young man only a few years out of the boys home I had no tolerance for false information that could get innocent people hurt because I knew the consequences of losing a violent confrontation. When I met with Mr. Buot the first time I was evaluating him as much as he was evaluating me. That meeting was the beginning of 11 years of weekly training. I did not know anything about the system of Balintawak, but I knew Ted Buot was the man that I wanted to train with.

Of course, it did not take me long to respect the system of Balintawak or its founder Venancio Anciong Bacon. Balintawak is powerful and efficient, but it is also executed shrewdly and with an emphases on timing. Like a boxer, skills are delivered with force, speed and aggression. But skills are also executed with timing and intelligence. The goal is to out think your opponent. The cognitive aspects of application were every bit as important as the physical aspects. Timing was every bit as important as power. The method of Balintawak is to out fight the brain to out fight the body.

But for me it was never about the sticks. I respect my brother stick fighters, and appreciate all the benefits that come from training with sticks (for which there are many). But spontaneous stick duels do not happen on a modern battlefield, or appear in crime statistics. For me, the sticks were just a tool to practice concepts. I was surprised when I first heard some people say Balintawak is just a stick system. Mr. Buot taught me many unarmed application of stick techniques, which I’m sure he taught to many others as well. He also taught me knife applications of the techniques, which again I am sure he taught to others. I also spent many lessons asking about other aspects of combat, including gun disarms, the use of chemical defense sprays and even the use of a walking stick. I would sometimes go weeks without picking up a stick while training with Mr. Buot. When I was first starting my school Live Safe Academy, LLC I reviewed our entire curriculum with him. I was always deeply impressed by Mr. Buot’s insights and practical approach. His roots are deep inside of me, and I am a much better teacher and practitioner because of his open, honest and patient teachings. I cherish those years in his basement and I miss them dearly.

Today I teach through my school Live Safe Academy, LLC. We are a safety and self-defense school that specializes in the training of first aid, assault and crime prevention, unarmed force methods, and the use of chemical defense sprays, sharp and impact weapons, Tasers, and firearms. We are also an approved Criminal Justice Training Provider by the Michigan Commission on Law Enforcement Standards (Michigan’s version of POST). Every student we help is touched by the hands of Mr. Buot. He is one of the few men that I call teacher. I still hear his voice when I am training others, and I still think of our time together when I teach private lessons in my home.

You are much missed Mr. Buot. I would give so much for just one more lesson together.

With love and respect, your student Ian Kinder.

The post Post 5 – In Memory of a Stick Fighter (Balintawak) appeared first on Live Safe Academy.

Post 4 – Why Target-Focused Shooting?

Last updated: 5/2/14

The following information comes from a handout Ian Kinder developed for students of Live Safe Academy, LLC. Please enjoy and share.

First, what is TFS?

Target-Focused Shooting, also called “point shooting” or “threat focused shooting”, is when you aim your gun while looking directly at the threat, not looking at the gun sites, laser red dot or through optics. This is important because your brain will reflexively focus your eyes on the problem that your brain is trying to solve, because your brain needs that information to solve the problem, and because your eyes are normally your primary source of information.

“Target-Focused Shooting is primarily a close-quarters combat shooting method designed for use in high-speed, close-distance, spontaneous attacks that are initiated by an assailant. Target-Focused Shooting (a method of “aiming” a firearm without focusing on the sights) is used for center of mass shooting when the Sympathetic Nervous System activates due to our perception of imminent danger of serious bodily harm or death. This system has proven to work in hostile environments where our mind, vision and body has been affected by the stresses of live combat.” – Lou Chiodo of GUNFIGHTERS, Ltd.

Now the why:

1.) Time
The average length of most gunfights is 2.5 to 3 seconds. The average response time to a spontaneous threat is 1.5 seconds. Indexing handgun sites under stress by a minimally trained individual usually requires more time than available.

2.) Reaction Gap
Most assaults are initiated by the assailant, which reduces the window of time for an effective response. Awareness of a handgun threat usually results from seeing a gun being drawn, seeing the gun already pointed at you, being shot or being shot at, all of which intensifies stress and threat focus.

3.) Survival Stress
During the fight or flight response, fine and complex motor skills degrade while threat focus and gross motor skills are enhanced.

4.) Distance
Most gunfights start from contact range to 5’. It may not be possible, safe or practical to extend your gun to eye level to index your sights.

5.) Light
Most gunfights take place in low light, reducing the potential to index your sights.

6.) Cover or Concealment
Sighted fire is most practical from a static, barricaded position or from concealment. Most gunfights take place without the use of cover and during rapid movement.

7.) Threat Focus
When confronted with a spontaneous threat, most people will focus on that threat to the exclusion of everything else. Most individuals will not have the presence of mind or desire to shift their focus away from the problem they are trying to solve.

8.) Advantage
Threat focus is necessary for threat awareness, which is necessary for good judgment.

“The mission of our firearms training is to prepare a student to use firearms in a fight against an adversary in what usually begins as a spontaneous attack initiated by the adversary. Our firearms program is not about shooting. It is about fighting. When the concept of fighting is taken out of firearms training, we have forgotten the purpose of our training.” – Lou Chiodo of GUNFIGHTERS, Ltd.

Additional Resource:

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Post 3 – Gun Reloading Skills

Last updated: 4/19/14

Perspective:
People almost never reload their guns in a real fight. And when they do it’s almost always after the fact, so the reload doesn’t actually influence the outcome. That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t be able to quickly load our guns. But that’s a fact that I share with students to help give a realistic context to the issue of reloading skills.

Gear Selection:
It should be a goal to equip ourselves with gear that reduces the probability that we run out of solution before we run out of problem. If we have to face a lethal threat, we want to face that threat behind a working gun. Having to shift our focus from the problem to our gun in a life and death altercation can mean death. Violence normally involves a lot of dynamic movement and can turn on tenths of a second. Additionally, survival stress can radically affect the way we perceived and process information, and the way we perform physical skills. Reloading your gun may not seem like a problem on the range. But imagine reloading your gun in the boxing ring during a full force, full speed competitive match. Or imagine having to reload your gun while your head is being slammed repeatedly on a hard surface.  The later examples give a better sense of what reloading a gun might be like when even simple skills are hard, and even fast skills are too slow. Our gear, tactics and skills should reduce the need to reload our guns as much as possible.

Second Gun:
Most people can deploy a second gun quicker and with greater confidence then they can reload an empty gun. Assuming of course that the secondary gun is carried in such a way that it can be quickly deployed.

Reloading Skill:
For a weapon with a detachable magazine, bringing the weapon arm elbow into the body with the gun in front of the face pointing roughly 45 degrees to the opposite side does two important things. First, it brings the gun close to the body so it’s easier and more natural to manipulate. Second, it brings the gun in front of the eyes in a way that keeps the eyes facing forward towards the threat. This same method can be used for loading a long gun with a detachable magazine.

Conclusion:
Bottom line, the choices we make before a fight can be the difference between success and failure, between life and death. We should do everything we can to reduce the need to reload in a fight because the need to shift our focus from the threat to our gun, and the time needed to reload, can be that difference between life and death… even if we can quickly load our guns on the range.

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