<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="24usqpep0ejc5w6hod3dulxwciwp0djs6c6ufp96av3t4whuxovj72wfkdjxu82yacb7430qjm8adbd5ezlt4592dq4zrvadcn9j9n-0btgdzpiojfzno16-fnsnu7xd" />
        
        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://substackcdn.com" />
        

        
            <title data-rh="true">ML@B Blog | Machine Learning at Berkeley | Substack</title>
            
            <meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="ML@B Blog | Machine Learning at Berkeley | Substack"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:title" content="ML@B Blog | Machine Learning at Berkeley | Substack"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Machine Learning at Berkeley is a student organization at UC Berkeley. Click to read ML@B Blog, by Machine Learning at Berkeley, a Substack publication with thousands of subscribers."/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Machine Learning at Berkeley is a student organization at UC Berkeley. Click to read ML@B Blog, by Machine Learning at Berkeley, a Substack publication with thousands of subscribers."/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:description" content="Machine Learning at Berkeley is a student organization at UC Berkeley. Click to read ML@B Blog, by Machine Learning at Berkeley, a Substack publication with thousands of subscribers."/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kwzO!,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fmlberkeley.substack.com%2Ftwitter%2Fsubscribe-card.jpg%3Fv%3D-1461462136%26version%3D9"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kwzO!,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fmlberkeley.substack.com%2Ftwitter%2Fsubscribe-card.jpg%3Fv%3D-1461462136%26version%3D9"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/>
            
            
        

        

        <style>
          @layer legacy, tailwind, pencraftReset, pencraft;
        </style>

        
        <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/welcome.9b8fb0293b0e9d2860f4.css" />
        
        
        

        
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/382.b89e30f6.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/56938.bc21f918.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/54636.1791a1b4.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/95680.261114a6.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/57970.be9e691f.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/37872.e2f10b08.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/31345.8c150f54.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/11578.4a18acbd.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/96312.ac00d074.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/82434.6d24e4ab.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/54636.1791a1b4.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/86379.813be60f.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/41233.36cfbc8c.css" />
            
        

        
        
        
        
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0, viewport-fit=cover" />
        <meta name="author" content="Machine Learning at Berkeley" />
        <meta property="og:url" content="https://mlberkeley.substack.com/" />
        
        
        <link rel="canonical" href="https://mlberkeley.substack.com/" />
        

        

        

        

        
            
                <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://substackcdn.com/icons/substack/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32">
            
        
            
                <link rel="icon" href="https://substackcdn.com/icons/substack/icon.svg" type="image/svg+xml">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://substackcdn.com/icons/substack/apple-touch-icon.png">
            
        
            
        
            
        
            
        

        

        
            <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/feed" title="ML@B Blog"/>
        

        
        
          <style>
            @font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8on7mTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onXmTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onTmTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onrmTNmnUHo.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M9knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M2knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M3knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M5knjsS_ul.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3FafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3OafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3PafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3BafaPWnII.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}
            
          </style>
        
        
        

        <style>:root{--color_theme_bg_pop:#9D6FFF;--background_pop:#9D6FFF;--cover_bg_color:#FFFFFF;--cover_bg_color_secondary:#f0f0f0;--background_pop_darken:#8c56ff;--print_on_pop:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_pop_darken:#8c56ff;--color_theme_print_on_pop:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_pop_20:rgba(157, 111, 255, 0.2);--color_theme_bg_pop_30:rgba(157, 111, 255, 0.3);--print_pop:#9d6fff;--color_theme_accent:#9d6fff;--cover_print_primary:#363737;--cover_print_secondary:#757575;--cover_print_tertiary:#b6b6b6;--cover_border_color:#9d6fff;--home_hero:newspaper;--home_posts:list;--background_contrast_1:#f0f0f0;--background_contrast_2:#dddddd;--background_contrast_3:#b7b7b7;--background_contrast_4:#929292;--background_contrast_5:#515151;--color_theme_detail:#e6e6e6;--background_contrast_pop:rgba(157, 111, 255, 0.4);--color_theme_bg_contrast_pop:rgba(157, 111, 255, 0.4);--theme_bg_is_dark:0;--background_pop_rgb:157, 111, 255;--color_theme_bg_pop_rgb:157, 111, 255;--color_theme_accent_rgb:157, 111, 255;}</style>

        
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/welcome.9b8fb0293b0e9d2860f4.css" />
        

        <style></style>

        

        

        

        
    </head>

    <body class="">
        

        

        

        

        <div id="entry">
            <div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset coverTheme-PJLqY5"><div class="intro-popup"><div class="intro-popup-page"><div class="full-email-form"><div class="vertically-centered"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Close" data-testid="close-welcome-modal" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft closeWelcomeModal-KVUfKQ iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-x"><path d="M18 6 6 18"></path><path d="m6 6 12 12"></path></svg></button><div data-testid="intro-popup-logo" class="pencraft pc-paddingBottom-32 pc-reset"><div draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-position-relative pc-reset"><div style="width:88px;height:88px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset bg-white-ZBV5av pc-borderRadius-sm overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4"><picture class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset"><source type="image/webp" sizes="88px" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4iSX!,w_88,h_88,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg 88w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4iSX!,w_176,h_176,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg 176w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4iSX!,w_264,h_264,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg 264w" style="display:none;"/><img style="object-fit:cover;width:88px;height:88px;" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4iSX!,w_88,h_88,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4iSX!,w_88,h_88,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg 88w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4iSX!,w_176,h_176,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg 176w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4iSX!,w_264,h_264,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg 264w" sizes="88px" draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div></div></div><h1 class="publication-name balancedText-oQ__Kv">ML@B Blog</h1><p class="publication-tagline with-cover verbose balancedText-oQ__Kv">Machine Learning at Berkeley is a student organization at UC Berkeley</p><div class="publication-meta"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset pc-display-inline-flex">By Machine Learning</div> · Over 3,000 subscribers</div><div style="width:100%;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset"><div style="width:100%;max-width:380px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset emailFormContainer-TcAFa_"><div class="container-IpPqBD"><form action="/api/v1/free?nojs=true" method="post" novalidate class="form form-M5sC90"><input type="hidden" name="first_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="current_url"/><input type="hidden" name="current_referrer"/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="referral_code"/><input type="hidden" name="source" value="cover_page"/><input type="hidden" name="referring_pub_id"/><input type="hidden" name="additional_referring_pub_ids"/><div class="sideBySideWrap-vGXrwP"><div class="emailInputWrapper-QlA86j"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA"><input name="email" placeholder="Type your email..." type="email" class="pencraft emailInput-OkIMeB emailInputOnWelcomePage-nqc9VK input-y4v6N4 inputText-pV_yWb"/></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="submit" disabled class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft rightButton primary subscribe-btn button-VFSdkv buttonBase-GK1x3M"><span class="button-text ">Subscribe</span></button></div><div id="error-container"></div></form></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-paddingLeft-0 pc-mobile-paddingLeft-16 pc-paddingRight-0 pc-mobile-paddingRight-16 pc-paddingTop-16 pc-reset tosText-yAQHNw"><div class="visibility-check"></div><label class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset tosCheckbox-XbLWCT"><div translated class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s align-center-y7ZD4w line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">By subscribing, you agree Substack's <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="https://substack.com/tos" target="_blank" class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ">Terms of Use</a>, and acknowledge its <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="https://substack.com/ccpa#personal-data-collected" target="_blank" class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ">Information Collection Notice</a> and <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="https://substack.com/privacy" target="_blank" class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ">Privacy Policy</a>.</div></label></div></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="maybeLater" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft maybeLater-PlK9NK buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_quaternary-kpMibu size_md-gCDS3o">No thanks<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-right"><path d="m9 18 6-6-6-6"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div>
        </div>

        
            <script src="https://js.sentry-cdn.com/6c2ff3e3828e4017b7faf7b63e24cdf8.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
            <script>
                window.Sentry && window.Sentry.onLoad(function() {
                    window.Sentry.init({
                        environment: window._preloads.sentry_environment,
                        dsn: window._preloads.sentry_dsn,
                    })
                })
            </script>
        


        
        
        
        
        <script>window._preloads        = JSON.parse("{\"isEU\":false,\"language\":\"en\",\"country\":\"US\",\"userLocale\":{\"language\":\"en\",\"region\":\"US\",\"source\":\"default\"},\"base_url\":\"https://mlberkeley.substack.com\",\"stripe_publishable_key\":\"pk_live_51QfnARLDSWi1i85FBpvw6YxfQHljOpWXw8IKi5qFWEzvW8HvoD8cqTulR9UWguYbYweLvA16P7LN6WZsGdZKrNkE00uGbFaOE3\",\"captcha_site_key\":\"6LeI15YsAAAAAPXyDcvuVqipba_jEFQCjz1PFQoz\",\"pub\":{\"apple_pay_disabled\":false,\"apex_domain\":null,\"author_id\":133686201,\"byline_images_enabled\":true,\"bylines_enabled\":true,\"chartable_token\":null,\"community_enabled\":true,\"copyright\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley\",\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"created_at\":\"2023-03-14T08:17:54.066Z\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"custom_domain\":null,\"default_comment_sort\":\"best_first\",\"default_coupon\":null,\"default_group_coupon\":null,\"default_show_guest_bios\":true,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"email_from_name\":null,\"email_from\":null,\"embed_tracking_disabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"expose_paywall_content_to_search_engines\":true,\"fb_pixel_id\":null,\"fb_site_verification_token\":null,\"flagged_as_spam\":false,\"founding_subscription_benefits\":null,\"free_subscription_benefits\":null,\"ga_pixel_id\":null,\"google_site_verification_token\":null,\"google_tag_manager_token\":null,\"hero_image\":null,\"hero_text\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley is a student organization at UC Berkeley\",\"hide_intro_subtitle\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":null,\"hide_podcast_feed_link\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"id\":1492232,\"image_thumbnails_always_enabled\":false,\"invite_only\":false,\"hide_podcast_from_pub_listings\":false,\"language\":\"en\",\"logo_url_wide\":null,\"logo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4iSX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg\",\"minimum_group_size\":2,\"moderation_enabled\":true,\"name\":\"ML@B Blog\",\"paid_subscription_benefits\":null,\"parsely_pixel_id\":null,\"chartbeat_domain\":null,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"paywall_free_trial_enabled\":false,\"podcast_art_url\":null,\"paid_podcast_episode_art_url\":null,\"podcast_byline\":null,\"podcast_description\":null,\"podcast_enabled\":false,\"podcast_feed_url\":null,\"podcast_title\":null,\"post_preview_limit\":null,\"primary_user_id\":133686201,\"require_clickthrough\":false,\"show_pub_podcast_tab\":false,\"show_recs_on_homepage\":true,\"subdomain\":\"mlberkeley\",\"subscriber_invites\":0,\"support_email\":null,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#9D6FFF\",\"theme_var_color_links\":false,\"theme_var_cover_bg_color\":null,\"trial_end_override\":null,\"twitter_pixel_id\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"post_reaction_faces_enabled\":true,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"plans\":null,\"stripe_user_id\":null,\"stripe_country\":null,\"stripe_publishable_key\":null,\"stripe_platform_account\":null,\"automatic_tax_enabled\":null,\"author_name\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley\",\"author_handle\":\"mlberkeley\",\"author_photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x6BE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57c087bf-2971-4cd5-9e96-96031c2586b0_1080x1080.png\",\"author_bio\":\"Student-run org @ UC Berkeley working on industry ML consulting, academic research, ML education, and fostering a vibrant ML community on campus and beyond\",\"has_custom_tos\":false,\"has_custom_privacy\":false,\"theme\":{\"background_pop_color\":null,\"web_bg_color\":null,\"cover_bg_color\":null,\"home_hero\":\"newspaper\",\"home_posts\":\"list\"},\"threads_v2_settings\":null,\"default_group_coupon_percent_off\":null,\"pause_return_date\":null,\"has_posts\":true,\"has_recommendations\":false,\"first_post_date\":\"2016-11-06T00:00:00.000Z\",\"has_podcast\":false,\"has_free_podcast\":false,\"has_subscriber_only_podcast\":false,\"has_community_content\":true,\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 3 years ago\",\"rankingDetailFreeIncluded\":\"Thousands of subscribers\",\"rankingDetailOrderOfMagnitude\":0,\"rankingDetailFreeIncludedOrderOfMagnitude\":1000,\"rankingDetailFreeSubscriberCount\":\"Over 3,000 subscribers\",\"rankingDetailByLanguage\":{\"ar\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 3 years ago\"},\"ca\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"S\u2019ha llan\u00E7at fa 3 anys\"},\"da\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lancering 3 \u00E5r\"},\"de\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Vor vor 3 Jahren gelauncht\"},\"es\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanzado hace 3 a\u00F1os\"},\"fr\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanc\u00E9 il y a 3 ann\u00E9es\"},\"ja\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"\u958B\u59CB\u65E5 3\u5E74\u524D\"},\"nb\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lansert 3 \u00E5r\"},\"nl\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Gelanceerd 3 jaar geleden\"},\"pl\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Uruchomiono 3 lat temu\"},\"pt\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lan\u00E7ado 3 anos\"},\"pt-br\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lan\u00E7ado 3 anos\"},\"en-gb\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 3 years ago\"},\"it\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanciato 3 anni\"},\"tr\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"3 y\u0131l ba\u015Flat\u0131ld\u0131\"},\"sv\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanserad 3 \u00E5r sedan\"},\"en\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 3 years ago\"}},\"freeSubscriberCount\":\"3,000\",\"freeSubscriberCountOrderOfMagnitude\":\"3.6K+\",\"author_bestseller_tier\":0,\"author_badge\":null,\"disable_monthly_subscriptions\":false,\"disable_annual_subscriptions\":false,\"hide_post_restacks\":false,\"notes_feed_enabled\":false,\"showIntroModule\":false,\"isPortraitLayout\":false,\"last_chat_post_at\":null,\"primary_profile_name\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley\",\"primary_profile_photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x6BE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57c087bf-2971-4cd5-9e96-96031c2586b0_1080x1080.png\",\"no_follow\":false,\"paywall_chat\":\"free\",\"sections\":[],\"multipub_migration\":null,\"navigationBarItems\":[],\"contributors\":[{\"name\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley\",\"handle\":\"mlberkeley\",\"role\":\"admin\",\"owner\":true,\"user_id\":133686201,\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/57c087bf-2971-4cd5-9e96-96031c2586b0_1080x1080.png\",\"bio\":\"Student-run org @ UC Berkeley working on industry ML consulting, academic research, ML education, and fostering a vibrant ML community on campus and beyond\"}],\"threads_v2_enabled\":false,\"viralGiftsConfig\":null,\"tier\":2,\"no_index\":false,\"can_set_google_site_verification\":true,\"can_have_sitemap\":true,\"founding_plan_name_english\":\"Founding Member\",\"bundles\":[],\"base_url\":\"https://mlberkeley.substack.com\",\"hostname\":\"mlberkeley.substack.com\",\"is_on_substack\":false,\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null,\"podcastPalette\":{\"DarkMuted\":{\"population\":72,\"rgb\":[73,153,137]},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"population\":6013,\"rgb\":[4,100,84]},\"LightMuted\":{\"population\":7,\"rgb\":[142,198,186]},\"LightVibrant\":{\"population\":3,\"rgb\":[166,214,206]},\"Muted\":{\"population\":6,\"rgb\":[92,164,156]},\"Vibrant\":{\"population\":5,\"rgb\":[76,164,146]}},\"pageThemes\":{\"podcast\":null},\"live_subscriber_counts\":false,\"supports_ip_content_unlock\":false,\"appTheme\":{\"colors\":{\"accent\":{\"name\":\"#9d6fff\",\"primary\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":93,\"b\":234,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":93,\"b\":234,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.3},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":176,\"g\":133,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":176,\"g\":133,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.3}}},\"fg\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.8},\"secondary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":134,\"g\":91,\"b\":232,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.9},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":1}}},\"bg\":{\"name\":\"#ffffff\",\"hue\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0},\"tint\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0},\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":250,\"g\":250,\"b\":250,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":250,\"g\":250,\"b\":250,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":238,\"g\":238,\"b\":238,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":206.90096477355226,\"g\":206.90096477355175,\"b\":206.9009647735519,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":219,\"g\":219,\"b\":219,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":182,\"g\":182,\"b\":182,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":22,\"g\":23,\"b\":24,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":35,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":41.35899397549579,\"g\":43.405356429195315,\"b\":43.40489285041963,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":55,\"b\":55,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":90,\"g\":91,\"b\":91,\"a\":1}}}},\"cover_image\":{\"url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4iSX!,w_1200,h_400,c_pad,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep,b_auto:border,b_rgb:FFFFFF/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg\",\"height\":400,\"width\":1200}},\"portalAppTheme\":{\"colors\":{\"accent\":{\"name\":\"#9D6FFF\",\"primary\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":140,\"g\":86,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.3},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":176,\"g\":133,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":176,\"g\":133,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.3}}},\"fg\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.8},\"secondary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.5},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.3},\"accent\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.9},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":157,\"g\":111,\"b\":255,\"a\":1}}},\"bg\":{\"name\":\"None\",\"hue\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"tint\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0},\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":250,\"g\":250,\"b\":250,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":238,\"g\":238,\"b\":238,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":219,\"g\":219,\"b\":219,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":219,\"g\":219,\"b\":219,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":182,\"g\":182,\"b\":182,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":22,\"g\":23,\"b\":24,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":35,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":41.35899397549579,\"g\":43.405356429195315,\"b\":43.40489285041963,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":55,\"b\":55,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":90,\"g\":91,\"b\":91,\"a\":1}}}}},\"logoPalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,212,4],\"population\":251},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[4,84,132],\"population\":137},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[247,234,145],\"population\":143},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[97,147,169],\"population\":126},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[4.500000000000012,94.49999999999996,148.49999999999997],\"population\":0},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[163,194,206],\"population\":65}}},\"confirmedLogin\":false,\"hide_intro_popup\":false,\"block_auto_login\":false,\"domainInfo\":{\"isSubstack\":true,\"customDomain\":null},\"experimentFeatures\":{},\"experimentExposures\":{},\"siteConfigs\":{\"score_upsell_email\":\"control\",\"first_chat_email_enabled\":true,\"reader-onboarding-promoted-pub\":737237,\"new_commenter_approval\":false,\"pub_update_opennode_api_key\":false,\"notes_video_max_duration_minutes\":15,\"show_content_label_age_gating_in_feed\":false,\"zendesk_automation_cancellations\":false,\"hide_book_a_meeting_button\":false,\"enable_saved_segments\":false,\"mfa_action_box_enabled\":false,\"publication_max_bylines\":35,\"no_contest_charge_disputes\":false,\"feed_posts_previously_seen_weight\":0.1,\"publication_tabs_reorder\":false,\"comp_expiry_email_new_copy\":\"NONE\",\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"traffic_rule_check_enabled\":false,\"amp_emails_enabled\":false,\"enable_post_summarization\":false,\"live_stream_host_warning_message\":\"\",\"bitcoin_enabled\":false,\"minimum_ios_os_version\":\"17.0.0\",\"show_entire_square_image\":false,\"hide_subscriber_count\":false,\"fit_in_live_stream_player\":false,\"publication_author_display_override\":\"\",\"ios_webview_payments_enabled\":\"control\",\"generate_pdf_tax_report\":false,\"hide_post_sidebar\":false,\"show_generic_post_importer\":false,\"enable_pledges_modal\":true,\"include_pdf_invoice\":false,\"automod_enabled_v0\":false,\"notes_weight_watch_video\":5,\"enable_react_dashboard\":false,\"meetings_v1\":false,\"enable_videos_page\":false,\"exempt_from_gtm_filter\":false,\"group_sections_and_podcasts_in_menu\":false,\"boost_optin_modal_enabled\":true,\"standards_and_enforcement_features_enabled\":false,\"pub_creation_captcha_behavior\":\"risky_pubs_or_rate_limit\",\"post_blogspot_importer\":false,\"notes_weight_short_item_boost\":0.15,\"enable_high_res_background_uploading\":false,\"pub_tts_override\":\"default\",\"disable_monthly_subscriptions\":false,\"skip_welcome_email\":false,\"chat_reader_thread_notification_default\":false,\"scheduled_pinned_posts\":false,\"disable_redirect_outbound_utm_params\":false,\"reader_gift_referrals_enabled\":true,\"dont_show_guest_byline\":false,\"like_comments_enabled\":true,\"enable_sponsorship_campaigns_advanced\":false,\"temporal_livestream_ended_draft\":true,\"enable_author_note_email_toggle\":false,\"meetings_embed_publication_name\":false,\"fallback_to_archive_search_on_section_pages\":false,\"livekit_track_egress_custom_base_url\":\"http://livekit-egress-custom-recorder-participant-test.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\",\"welcome_screen_blurb_override\":\"\",\"notes_weight_low_impression_boost\":0.3,\"like_posts_enabled\":true,\"feed_promoted_video_boost\":1.5,\"twitter_player_card_enabled\":true,\"subscribe_bypass_preact_router\":false,\"feed_promoted_user\":false,\"show_note_stats_for_all_notes\":false,\"section_specific_csv_imports_enabled\":false,\"disable_podcast_feed_description_cta\":false,\"bypass_profile_substack_logo_detection\":false,\"use_preloaded_player_sources\":false,\"enable_tiktok_oauth\":false,\"list_pruning_enabled\":false,\"facebook_connect\":false,\"opt_in_to_sections_during_subscribe\":false,\"dpn_weight_share\":2,\"underlined_colored_links\":false,\"enable_efficient_digest_embed\":false,\"extract_stripe_receipt_url\":false,\"enable_aligned_images\":false,\"max_image_upload_mb\":64,\"threads_suggested_ios_version\":null,\"pledges_disabled\":false,\"threads_minimum_ios_version\":812,\"hide_podcast_email_setup_link\":false,\"subscribe_captcha_behavior\":\"default\",\"publication_ban_sample_rate\":0,\"enable_note_polls\":false,\"ios_enable_publication_activity_tab\":false,\"custom_themes_substack_subscribe_modal\":false,\"ios_post_share_assets_screenshot_trigger\":\"control\",\"opt_in_to_sections_during_subscribe_include_main_pub_newsletter\":false,\"continue_support_cta_in_newsletter_emails\":false,\"bloomberg_syndication_enabled\":false,\"welcome_page_app_button\":true,\"lists_enabled\":false,\"adhoc_email_batch_delay_ms\":0,\"generated_database_maintenance_mode\":false,\"allow_document_freeze\":false,\"test_age_gate_user\":false,\"podcast_main_feed_is_firehose\":false,\"pub_app_incentive_gift\":\"\",\"no_embed_redirect\":false,\"customized_email_from_name_for_new_follow_emails\":\"treatment\",\"spotify_open_access_sandbox_mode\":false,\"disable_custom_nav_menu\":false,\"enable_livestream_name_cards\":false,\"fullstory_enabled\":false,\"chat_reply_poll_interval\":3,\"dpn_weight_follow_or_subscribe\":3,\"thefp_enable_email_upsell_banner\":false,\"force_pub_links_to_use_subdomain\":false,\"always_show_cookie_banner\":false,\"hide_media_download_option\":false,\"hide_post_restacks\":false,\"feed_item_source_debug_mode\":false,\"ios_subscription_bar_live_polling_enabled\":true,\"enable_user_status_ui\":false,\"publication_homepage_title_display_override\":\"\",\"live_stream_founding_audience_enabled\":true,\"post_preview_highlight_byline\":false,\"4k_video\":false,\"enable_islands_section_intent_screen\":false,\"post_metering_enabled\":false,\"notifications_disabled\":\"\",\"cross_post_notification_threshold\":1000,\"facebook_connect_prod_app\":true,\"force_into_pymk_ranking\":false,\"minimum_android_version\":756,\"live_stream_krisp_noise_suppression_enabled\":false,\"enable_transcription_translations\":false,\"use_og_image_as_twitter_image_for_post_previews\":false,\"always_use_podcast_channel_art_as_episode_art_in_rss\":false,\"enable_sponsorship_perks\":false,\"seo_tier_override\":\"NONE\",\"editor_role_enabled\":false,\"no_follow_links\":false,\"publisher_api_enabled\":false,\"zendesk_support_priority\":\"default\",\"enable_post_clips_stats\":false,\"enable_subscriber_referrals_awards\":true,\"ios_profile_themes_feed_permalink_enabled\":false,\"include_thumbnail_landscape_layouts\":true,\"use_publication_language_for_transcription\":false,\"show_substack_funded_gifts_tooltip\":true,\"disable_ai_transcription\":false,\"thread_permalink_preview_min_ios_version\":4192,\"android_toggle_on_website_enabled\":false,\"internal_android_enable_post_editor\":false,\"enable_pencraft_sandbox_access\":false,\"updated_inbox_ui\":false,\"nav_group_items\":true,\"live_stream_creation_enabled\":true,\"disable_card_element_in_europe\":false,\"web_growth_item_promotion_threshold\":0,\"bundle_subscribe_enabled\":false,\"enable_web_typing_indicators\":false,\"web_vitals_sample_rate\":0,\"allow_live_stream_auto_takedown\":\"true\",\"mobile_publication_attachments_enabled\":false,\"ios_post_dynamic_title_size\":false,\"ios_enable_live_stream_highlight_trailer_toggle\":false,\"ai_image_generation_enabled\":true,\"disable_personal_substack_initialization\":false,\"section_specific_welcome_pages\":false,\"local_payment_methods\":\"control\",\"publisher_api_cancel_comp\":false,\"posts_in_rss_feed\":20,\"publisher_dashboard_section_selector\":false,\"reader_surveys_platform_question_order\":\"36,1,4,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35\",\"developer_api_enabled\":false,\"login_guard_app_link_in_email\":true,\"community_moderators_enabled\":false,\"enable_custom_theme\":false,\"monthly_sub_is_one_off\":false,\"unread_notes_activity_digest\":\"control\",\"display_cookie_settings\":false,\"welcome_page_query_params\":false,\"enable_free_podcast_urls\":false,\"email_post_stats_v2\":false,\"comp_expiry_emails_disabled\":false,\"enable_description_on_polls\":false,\"use_microlink_for_instagram_embeds\":false,\"post_notification_batch_delay_ms\":30000,\"free_signup_confirmation_behavior\":\"with_email_validation\",\"android_reset_backstack_after_timeout\":true,\"ios_post_stats_for_admins\":false,\"enable_livestream_branding\":true,\"use_livestream_post_media_composition\":true,\"section_specific_preambles\":false,\"pub_export_temp_disable\":false,\"show_menu_on_posts\":false,\"ios_post_subscribe_web_routing\":true,\"ios_writer_stats_public_launch_v2\":false,\"include_thumbnail_book_cover_layouts\":false,\"enable_android_post_stats\":false,\"ios_chat_revamp_enabled\":false,\"app_onboarding_survey_email\":false,\"republishing_enabled\":false,\"app_mode\":false,\"show_phone_banner\":false,\"live_stream_video_enhancer\":\"internal\",\"minimum_ios_version\":2200,\"enable_author_pages\":false,\"enable_decagon_chat\":true,\"first_month_upsell\":\"control\",\"enable_subscriber_tags\":false,\"new_user_checklist_enabled\":\"use_follower_count\",\"ios_feed_note_status_polling_enabled\":false,\"latex_upgraded_inline\":false,\"show_attached_profile_for_pub_setting\":false,\"rss_verification_code\":\"\",\"notification_post_emails\":\"experiment\",\"notes_weight_follow\":3.8,\"chat_suppress_contributor_push_option_enabled\":false,\"caption_presets_enabled\":false,\"export_hooks_enabled\":false,\"audio_encoding_bitrate\":null,\"bestseller_pub_override\":false,\"extra_seats_coupon_type\":false,\"post_subdomain_universal_links\":false,\"post_import_max_file_size\":26214400,\"feed_promoted_video_publication\":false,\"livekit_reconnect_slate_url\":\"https://mux-livestream-assets.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/custom-disconnect-slate-tall.png\",\"exclude_from_pymk_suggestions\":false,\"publication_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"disable_annual_subscriptions\":false,\"hack_jane_manchun_wong\":true,\"android_enable_auto_gain_control\":true,\"enable_android_dms\":false,\"allow_coupons_on_upgrade\":false,\"test_au_age_gate_user\":false,\"pub_auto_moderation_enabled\":false,\"disable_live_stream_ai_trimming_by_default\":false,\"disable_deletion\":false,\"ios_default_coupon_enabled\":false,\"notes_weight_read_post\":5,\"notes_weight_reply\":3,\"livekit_egress_custom_base_url\":\"http://livekit-egress-custom-recorder.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\",\"clip_focused_video_upload_flow\":false,\"live_stream_max_guest_users\":2,\"android_upgrade_alert_dialog_reincarnated\":true,\"enable_video_seo_data\":false,\"can_reimport_unsubscribed_users_with_2x_optin\":false,\"feed_posts_weight_subscribed\":0,\"founding_upgrade_during_gift_disabled\":false,\"ios_feed_subscribe_upsell\":\"treatment_chill_inline\",\"review_incoming_email\":\"default\",\"media_feed_subscribed_posts_weight\":0.5,\"enable_founding_gifts\":false,\"enable_creator_agency_pages\":false,\"enable_sponsorship_campaigns\":false,\"thread_permalink_preview_min_android_version\":2037,\"enable_creator_earnings\":true,\"thefp_enable_embed_media_links\":false,\"thumbnail_selection_max_frames\":300,\"sort_modal_search_results\":false,\"default_thumbnail_time\":10,\"pub_ranking_weight_retained_engagement\":1,\"load_test_unichat\":false,\"notes_read_post_baseline\":0,\"live_stream_head_alignment_guide\":false,\"show_open_post_as_pdf_button\":false,\"free_press_combo_subscribe_flow_enabled\":false,\"android_note_auto_share_assets\":\"control\",\"pub_ranking_weight_immediate_engagement\":0.5,\"enable_portal_feed_post_comments\":false,\"gifts_from_substack_feature_available\":true,\"disable_ai_clips\":false,\"enable_elevenlabs_voiceovers\":false,\"thefp_enable_transcripts\":false,\"use_web_livestream_thumbnail_editor\":true,\"show_simple_post_editor\":false,\"instacart_integration_enabled\":false,\"enable_publication_podcasts_page\":false,\"android_profile_share_assets_experiment\":\"treatment\",\"use_advanced_fonts\":false,\"ios_note_composer_settings_enabled\":false,\"android_v2_post_video_player_enabled\":false,\"enable_direct_message_request_bypass\":false,\"enable_apple_news_sync\":false,\"live_stream_in_trending_topic_overrides\":\"\",\"media_feed_prepend_inbox_limit\":30,\"free_press_newsletter_promo_enabled\":false,\"enable_ios_livestream_stats\":true,\"disable_live_stream_reactions\":false,\"feed_posts_weight_negative\":2.5,\"instacart_partner_id\":\"\",\"clip_generation_3rd_party_vendor\":\"internal\",\"welcome_page_no_opt_out\":false,\"notes_weight_negative\":1,\"ios_discover_tab_min_installed_date\":\"2025-06-09T16:56:58+0000\",\"notes_weight_click_see_more\":2,\"edit_profile_theme_colors\":false,\"notes_weight_like\":2.4,\"disable_clipping_for_readers\":false,\"feed_posts_weight_share\":6,\"android_creator_earnings_enabled\":true,\"feed_posts_weight_reply\":3,\"feed_posts_weight_like\":1.5,\"ios_listen_tab_v2\":\"control\",\"feed_posts_weight_save\":3,\"enable_press_kit_preview_modal\":false,\"dpn_weight_tap_clickbait_penalty\":0.5,\"feed_posts_weight_sign_up\":4,\"live_stream_video_degradation_preference\":\"maintainFramerate\",\"enable_high_follower_dm\":true,\"pause_app_badges\":false,\"android_enable_publication_activity_tab\":false,\"ios_hide_author_in_share_sheet\":\"control\",\"profile_feed_expanded_inventory\":false,\"phone_verification_fallback_to_twilio\":false,\"livekit_mux_latency_mode\":\"low\",\"feed_juiced_user\":0,\"notes_click_see_more_baseline\":0.35,\"enable_polymarket_expandable_embeds\":true,\"ios_offline_mode_enabled\":true,\"can_see_fast_subscriber_counts\":true,\"android_enable_user_status_ui\":false,\"use_advanced_commerce_api_for_iap\":false,\"skip_free_preview_language_in_podcast_notes\":false,\"larger_wordmark_on_publication_homepage\":false,\"video_editor_full_screen\":false,\"enable_mobile_stats_for_admins\":false,\"ios_profile_themes_note_composer_enabled\":false,\"enable_persona_sandbox_environment\":false,\"notes_weight_click_item\":3,\"notes_weight_long_visit\":1,\"create_nav_item_from_tag\":false,\"bypass_single_unlock_token_limit\":false,\"notes_watch_video_baseline\":0.08,\"enable_free_trial_subscription_ios\":true,\"polymarket_minimum_confidence_for_trending_topics\":100,\"add_section_and_tag_metadata\":false,\"daily_promoted_notes_enabled\":true,\"enable_islands_cms\":false,\"enable_livestream_combined_stats\":false,\"ios_social_subgroups_enabled\":false,\"chartbeat_video_enabled\":false,\"enable_drip_campaigns\":false,\"adhoc_email_batch_size\":5000,\"post_management_search_engine\":\"elasticsearch\",\"new_bestseller_leaderboard_feed_item_enabled\":false,\"feed_main_disabled\":false,\"enable_account_settings_revamp\":false,\"allowed_email_domains\":\"one\",\"thefp_enable_fp_recirc_block\":false,\"top_search_variant\":\"control\",\"enable_debug_logs_ios\":false,\"show_pub_content_on_profile_for_pub_id\":0,\"show_pub_content_on_profile\":false,\"livekit_track_egress\":true,\"video_tab_mixture_pattern\":\"npnnnn\",\"enable_theme_contexts\":false,\"onboarding_suggestions_search\":\"experiment\",\"feed_tuner_enabled\":false,\"livekit_mux_latency_mode_rtmp\":\"low\",\"draft_notes_enabled\":true,\"fcm_high_priority\":false,\"enable_drop_caps\":true,\"highlighted_code_block_enabled\":true,\"dpn_weight_tap_bonus_subscribed\":0,\"iap_announcement_blog_url\":\"\",\"android_onboarding_progress_persistence\":\"control\",\"ios_livestream_feedback\":false,\"founding_plan_upgrade_warning\":false,\"dpn_weight_like\":3,\"dpn_weight_short_session\":1,\"ios_enable_custom_thumbnail_generation\":true,\"ios_mediaplayer_reply_bar_v2\":false,\"android_view_post_share_assets_employees_only\":false,\"enable_notification_email_batching\":true,\"notes_weight_follow_boost\":10,\"profile_portal_theme\":false,\"live_stream_replay\":false,\"ios_hide_portal_tab_bar\":false,\"follow_upsell_rollout_percentage\":30,\"android_activity_item_sharing_experiment\":\"control\",\"live_stream_invite_ttl_seconds\":900000,\"include_founding_plans_coupon_option\":false,\"thefp_enable_cancellation_discount_offer\":false,\"dpn_weight_reply\":2,\"thefp_free_trial_experiment\":\"treatment\",\"android_enable_edit_profile_theme\":false,\"twitter_api_enabled\":true,\"dpn_weight_follow\":3,\"thumbnail_selection_engine\":\"openai\",\"enable_adhoc_email_batching\":0,\"notes_weight_author_low_impression_boost\":0.2,\"disable_audio_enhancement\":false,\"pub_search_variant\":\"control\",\"ignore_video_in_notes_length_limit\":false,\"web_show_scores_on_sports_tab\":false,\"notes_weight_click_share\":3,\"allow_long_videos\":true,\"feed_posts_weight_long_click\":15,\"dpn_score_threshold\":0,\"thefp_annual_subscription_promotion\":\"treatment\",\"dpn_weight_follow_bonus\":0.5,\"enable_fullscreen_post_live_end_screen\":false,\"use_intro_clip_and_branded_intro_by_default\":false,\"use_enhanced_video_embed_player\":true,\"thefp_forum_enabled\":false,\"android_reader_share_assets_3\":\"control\",\"email_change_minimum_bot_score\":0,\"mobile_age_verification_learn_more_link\":\"https://on.substack.com/p/our-position-on-the-online-safety\",\"enable_viewing_all_livestream_viewers\":false,\"web_suggested_search_route_recent_search\":\"control\",\"enable_clip_prompt_variant_filtering\":true,\"chartbeat_enabled\":false,\"dpn_weight_disable\":10,\"dpn_ranking_enabled\":true,\"enable_custom_email_css\":false,\"dpn_model_variant\":\"experiment\",\"platform_search_variant\":\"control\",\"enable_apple_podcast_auto_publish\":false,\"linkedin_profile_search_enabled\":false,\"ios_better_top_search_prompt_in_global_search\":\"control\",\"retire_i18n_marketing_pages\":true,\"publication_has_own_app\":false,\"suggested_minimum_ios_version\":0,\"dpn_weight_open\":2.5,\"ios_pogs_stories\":\"experiment\",\"enable_notes_admins\":false,\"trending_topics_module_long_term_experiment\":\"control\",\"enable_suggested_searches\":true,\"enable_subscription_notification_email_batching\":true,\"android_synchronous_push_notif_handling\":\"control\",\"thumbnail_selection_skip_desktop_streams\":false,\"a24_redemption_link\":\"\",\"dpn_weight_tap\":2.5,\"ios_live_stream_auto_gain_enabled\":true,\"dpn_weight_restack\":2,\"dpn_weight_negative\":40,\"enable_publication_tts_player\":false,\"ios_custom_menu_style\":\"control\",\"session_version_invalidation_enabled\":false,\"thefp_show_pub_app_callout_on_post\":false,\"galleried_feed_attachments\":true,\"web_post_attachment_fallback\":\"treatment\",\"enable_live_stream_thumbnail_treatment_validation\":true,\"forced_featured_topic_id\":\"\",\"ios_audio_captions_disabled\":false,\"related_posts_enabled\":false,\"search_retrieval_variant\":\"experiment\",\"use_progressive_editor_rollout\":true,\"ios_live_stream_pip_dismiss_v4\":\"control\",\"reply_rate_limit_max_distinct_users_daily\":110,\"galleried_feed_attachments_in_composer\":false,\"android_rank_share_destinations_experiment\":\"control\",\"publisher_banner\":\"\",\"suggested_search_metadata_web_ui\":true,\"mobile_user_attachments_enabled\":false,\"ios_founding_upgrade_button_in_portals_v2\":\"control\",\"feed_weight_language_mismatch_penalty\":0.6,\"default_orange_quote_experiment\":\"control\",\"enable_high_res_recording_workflow\":false,\"people_you_may_know_algorithm\":\"experiment\",\"enable_sponsorship_profile\":false,\"ios_onboarding_multiple_notification_asks\":\"control\",\"ios_founding_upgrade_button_in_portals\":\"control\",\"ios_inline_upgrade_on_feed_items\":\"control\",\"reply_rate_limit_max_distinct_users_monthly\":600,\"show_branded_intro_setting\":false,\"desktop_live_stream_screen_share_audio_enabled\":false,\"search_posts_use_top_search\":false,\"android_onboarding_swipeable_cards_v2\":\"experiment\",\"ios_inbox_observe_by_key\":true,\"enable_high_res_background_uploading_session_recovery\":false,\"portal_post_style\":\"control\",\"dpn_weight_long_session\":2,\"use_custom_header_by_default\":false,\"ios_listen_tab\":false,\"android_composer_modes_vs_attachments\":\"control\",\"activity_item_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"android_polymarket_embed_search\":false,\"android_post_like_share_nudge\":\"treatment\",\"android_post_bottom_share_experiment\":\"treatment\",\"ios_onboarding_new_user_survey\":\"control\",\"universal_feed_translator_experiment\":\"treatment\",\"use_thumbnail_selection_sentiment_matching\":true,\"skip_adhoc_email_sends\":false,\"android_enable_draft_notes\":true,\"permalink_reply_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"desktop_live_stream_participant_labels\":false,\"allow_feed_category_filtering\":false,\"enable_livestream_screenshare_detection\":true,\"search_ranker_variant\":\"experiment\",\"private_live_streaming_enabled\":true,\"android_scheduled_notes_enabled\":true,\"portal_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"desktop_live_stream_safe_framing\":0.8,\"enable_note_scheduling\":true,\"ios_limit_related_notes_in_permalink\":\"control\"},\"publicationSettings\":{\"block_ai_crawlers\":false,\"credit_token_enabled\":false,\"custom_tos_and_privacy\":false,\"did_identity\":null,\"disable_optimistic_bank_payments\":false,\"display_welcome_page_details\":true,\"enable_meetings\":false,\"payment_pledges_enabled\":true,\"enable_drop_caps\":false,\"enable_post_page_conversion\":true,\"enable_prev_next_nav\":false,\"enable_restacking\":true,\"gifts_from_substack_disabled\":false,\"google_analytics_4_token\":null,\"group_sections_and_podcasts_in_menu_enabled\":false,\"live_stream_homepage_visibility\":\"contributorsAndAdmins\",\"live_stream_homepage_style\":\"autoPlay\",\"live_stream_replay_enabled\":true,\"medium_length_description\":\"\",\"notes_feed_enabled\":false,\"paywall_unlock_tokens\":false,\"post_preview_crop_gravity\":\"center\",\"post_preview_radius\":\"xs\",\"reader_referrals_enabled\":false,\"reader_referrals_leaderboard_enabled\":false,\"seen_coming_soon_explainer\":false,\"seen_google_analytics_migration_modal\":false,\"local_currency_modal_seen\":false,\"local_payment_methods_modal_seen\":false,\"twitter_pixel_signup_event_id\":null,\"twitter_pixel_subscribe_event_id\":null,\"use_local_currency\":false,\"welcome_page_opt_out_text\":\"No thanks\",\"cookie_settings\":\"\",\"show_restacks_below_posts\":true,\"holiday_gifting_post_header\":false,\"homepage_message_text\":\"\",\"homepage_message_link\":\"\",\"about_us_author_ids\":\"\",\"archived_section_ids\":\"\",\"column_section_ids\":\"\",\"fp_primary_column_section_ids\":\"\",\"event_section_ids\":\"\",\"podcasts_metadata\":\"\",\"video_section_ids\":\"\",\"post_metering_enabled\":false,\"use_custom_theme\":false,\"reply_rules\":null,\"high_res_recording_beta\":false},\"publicationUserSettings\":null,\"userSettings\":{\"user_id\":null,\"activity_likes_enabled\":true,\"dashboard_nav_refresh_enabled\":false,\"hasDismissedSectionToNewsletterRename\":false,\"is_guest_post_enabled\":true,\"feed_web_nux_seen_at\":null,\"has_seen_select_to_restack_tooltip_nux\":false,\"invite_friends_nux_dismissed_at\":null,\"suggestions_feed_item_last_shown_at\":null,\"has_seen_select_to_restack_modal\":false,\"last_notification_alert_shown_at\":null,\"disable_reply_hiding\":false,\"newest_seen_chat_item_published_at\":null,\"explicitContentEnabled\":false,\"contactMatchingEnabled\":false,\"messageRequestLevel\":\"everyone\",\"liveStreamAcceptableInviteLevel\":\"everyone\",\"liveStreamAcceptableChatLevel\":\"everyone\",\"creditTokensTreatmentExposed\":false,\"appBadgeIncludesChat\":false,\"autoPlayVideo\":true,\"smart_delivery_enabled\":false,\"chatbotTermsLastAcceptedAt\":null,\"has_seen_notes_post_app_upsell\":false,\"substack_summer_nux_dismissed_at\":null,\"first_note_id\":null,\"show_concurrent_live_stream_viewers\":false,\"has_dismissed_fp_download_pdf_nux\":false,\"edit_profile_feed_item_dismissed_at\":null,\"mobile_permalink_app_upsell_seen_at\":null,\"new_user_checklist_enabled\":false,\"new_user_follow_subscribe_prompt_dismissed_at\":null,\"has_seen_youtube_shorts_auto_publish_announcement\":false,\"has_seen_publish_youtube_connect_upsell\":false,\"notificationQualityFilterEnabled\":true,\"hasSeenOnboardingNewslettersScreen\":false,\"bestsellerBadgeEnabled\":true,\"hasSelfIdentifiedAsCreator\":false,\"autoTranslateEnabled\":true,\"autoTranslateBlocklist\":[]},\"subscriberCountDetails\":\"thousands of subscribers\",\"mux_env_key\":\"u42pci814i6011qg3segrcpp9\",\"persona_environment_id\":\"env_o1Lbk4JhpY4PmvNkwaBdYwe5Fzkt\",\"sentry_environment\":\"production\",\"launchWelcomePage\":false,\"pendingInviteForActiveLiveStream\":null,\"isEligibleForLiveStreamCreation\":true,\"webviewPlatform\":null,\"twitterCardUrl\":null,\"welcomePageData\":{\"blurbs\":[],\"topThreePosts\":[{\"id\":108328750,\"editor_v2\":false,\"publication_id\":1492232,\"title\":\"Understanding VQ-VAE (DALL-E Explained Pt. 1)\",\"social_title\":null,\"search_engine_title\":null,\"search_engine_description\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"slug\":\"vq-vae\",\"post_date\":\"2021-02-09T12:30:00.000Z\",\"audience\":\"everyone\",\"podcast_duration\":null,\"video_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"everyone\",\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://mlberkeley.substack.com/p/vq-vae\",\"section_id\":null,\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"is_section_pinned\":false,\"section_slug\":null,\"section_name\":null,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":208},\"restacks\":23,\"restacked_post_id\":null,\"restacked_post_slug\":null,\"restacked_pub_name\":null,\"restacked_pub_logo_url\":null,\"position\":1,\"subtitle\":\"\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0e37c4cc-f94a-49b0-8b5b-ca87c231ca96_1600x681.png\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"podcast_url\":null,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":null,\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"By Charlie Snell\",\"body_json\":null,\"body_html\":null,\"truncated_body_text\":\"By Charlie Snell\",\"wordcount\":3167,\"postTags\":[],\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[111,159,236],\"population\":11},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[86,63,41],\"population\":53},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[236,140,140],\"population\":1},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[156,148,100],\"population\":1},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[130,103,72],\"population\":5},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[212,204,228],\"population\":218}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":133686201,\"name\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley\",\"handle\":\"mlberkeley\",\"previous_name\":\"ML@B\",\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/57c087bf-2971-4cd5-9e96-96031c2586b0_1080x1080.png\",\"bio\":\"Student-run org @ UC Berkeley working on industry ML consulting, academic research, ML education, and fostering a vibrant ML community on campus and beyond\",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2023-03-10T01:17:51.393Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":null,\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":1458906,\"user_id\":133686201,\"publication_id\":1492232,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":1492232,\"name\":\"ML@B Blog\",\"subdomain\":\"mlberkeley\",\"custom_domain\":null,\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley is a student organization at UC Berkeley\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg\",\"author_id\":133686201,\"primary_user_id\":133686201,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#9D6FFF\",\"created_at\":\"2023-03-14T08:17:54.066Z\",\"email_from_name\":null,\"copyright\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley\",\"founding_plan_name\":null,\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}}],\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":null,\"subscriberTier\":null,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":null,\"paidPublicationIds\":[],\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":208,\"comment_count\":7,\"child_comment_count\":6,\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hasCashtag\":false},{\"id\":108328774,\"editor_v2\":false,\"publication_id\":1492232,\"title\":\"Machine Learning Crash Course: Part 1\",\"social_title\":null,\"search_engine_title\":null,\"search_engine_description\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"slug\":\"part-1\",\"post_date\":\"2016-11-06T00:00:00.000Z\",\"audience\":\"everyone\",\"podcast_duration\":null,\"video_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"everyone\",\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://mlberkeley.substack.com/p/part-1\",\"section_id\":null,\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"is_section_pinned\":false,\"section_slug\":null,\"section_name\":null,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":251},\"restacks\":32,\"restacked_post_id\":null,\"restacked_post_slug\":null,\"restacked_pub_name\":null,\"restacked_pub_logo_url\":null,\"position\":2,\"subtitle\":\"The basics of machine learning - regression, cost functions, and gradient descent.\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6834e8f-5aaf-4760-87ed-f91943ac2f17_1314x1086.png\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"podcast_url\":null,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":null,\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"The basics of machine learning - regression, cost functions, and gradient descent.\",\"body_json\":null,\"body_html\":null,\"truncated_body_text\":\"By Daniel Geng and Shannon Shih\",\"wordcount\":2217,\"postTags\":[],\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[82,152,250],\"population\":28},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[3.7247191011236103,55.87078651685391,128.87528089887638],\"population\":0},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,201,133],\"population\":25},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[138,138,138],\"population\":39},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[97,97,97],\"population\":50},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[176,197,170],\"population\":35}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":133686201,\"name\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley\",\"handle\":\"mlberkeley\",\"previous_name\":\"ML@B\",\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/57c087bf-2971-4cd5-9e96-96031c2586b0_1080x1080.png\",\"bio\":\"Student-run org @ UC Berkeley working on industry ML consulting, academic research, ML education, and fostering a vibrant ML community on campus and beyond\",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2023-03-10T01:17:51.393Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":null,\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":1458906,\"user_id\":133686201,\"publication_id\":1492232,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":1492232,\"name\":\"ML@B Blog\",\"subdomain\":\"mlberkeley\",\"custom_domain\":null,\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley is a student organization at UC Berkeley\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg\",\"author_id\":133686201,\"primary_user_id\":133686201,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#9D6FFF\",\"created_at\":\"2023-03-14T08:17:54.066Z\",\"email_from_name\":null,\"copyright\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley\",\"founding_plan_name\":null,\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}}],\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":null,\"subscriberTier\":null,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":null,\"paidPublicationIds\":[],\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":251,\"comment_count\":12,\"child_comment_count\":12,\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hasCashtag\":false},{\"id\":108328745,\"editor_v2\":false,\"publication_id\":1492232,\"title\":\"How is it so good ? (DALL-E Explained Pt. 2)\",\"social_title\":null,\"search_engine_title\":null,\"search_engine_description\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"slug\":\"dalle2\",\"post_date\":\"2021-04-07T12:30:00.000Z\",\"audience\":\"everyone\",\"podcast_duration\":null,\"video_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"everyone\",\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://mlberkeley.substack.com/p/dalle2\",\"section_id\":null,\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"is_section_pinned\":false,\"section_slug\":null,\"section_name\":null,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":31},\"restacks\":5,\"restacked_post_id\":null,\"restacked_post_slug\":null,\"restacked_pub_name\":null,\"restacked_pub_logo_url\":null,\"position\":3,\"subtitle\":\"\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c0873469-bca8-4343-a383-3debfc2746e4_1386x435.jpeg\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"podcast_url\":null,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":null,\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"By Charlie Snell\",\"body_json\":null,\"body_html\":null,\"truncated_body_text\":\"By Charlie Snell\",\"wordcount\":10634,\"postTags\":[],\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[204,204,49],\"population\":3},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[73,116,9],\"population\":203},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[245,243,113],\"population\":9},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[137,158,71],\"population\":56},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[76,109,47],\"population\":184},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[180,192,180],\"population\":2}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":133686201,\"name\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley\",\"handle\":\"mlberkeley\",\"previous_name\":\"ML@B\",\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/57c087bf-2971-4cd5-9e96-96031c2586b0_1080x1080.png\",\"bio\":\"Student-run org @ UC Berkeley working on industry ML consulting, academic research, ML education, and fostering a vibrant ML community on campus and beyond\",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2023-03-10T01:17:51.393Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":null,\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":1458906,\"user_id\":133686201,\"publication_id\":1492232,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":1492232,\"name\":\"ML@B Blog\",\"subdomain\":\"mlberkeley\",\"custom_domain\":null,\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley is a student organization at UC Berkeley\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b7dac39b-05ef-4c4d-9a6b-710b9a51bb95_400x400.jpeg\",\"author_id\":133686201,\"primary_user_id\":133686201,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#9D6FFF\",\"created_at\":\"2023-03-14T08:17:54.066Z\",\"email_from_name\":null,\"copyright\":\"Machine Learning at Berkeley\",\"founding_plan_name\":null,\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}}],\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":null,\"subscriberTier\":null,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":null,\"paidPublicationIds\":[],\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":31,\"comment_count\":2,\"child_comment_count\":2,\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hasCashtag\":false}],\"topThreeSubscribers\":[{\"id\":44235839,\"name\":\"Hamidreza Bolhasani\",\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/98b920c5-ed42-4cae-8333-503e2259e13a_828x828.jpeg\",\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"primary_publication\":{\"id\":4392318,\"subdomain\":\"hamidrezabolhasani\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"name\":\"Hamidreza Bolhasani\",\"author_id\":44235839,\"user_id\":44235839,\"handles_enabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"pledges_enabled\":true,\"ios_app_payments_enabled\":false},\"is_subscribed\":false},{\"id\":13733375,\"name\":\"Gopi\",\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4b517793-eb37-438c-a5e3-88db595f503a_144x144.png\",\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"is_subscribed\":false},{\"id\":16214844,\"name\":\"Sharky\",\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6d714cf2-43d7-454c-8966-e2897e993287_144x144.png\",\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"is_subscribed\":false}]},\"activeLiveStream\":null,\"freeTrialCoupon\":null,\"isChatActive\":false,\"isMeetingsActive\":false,\"features\":{},\"browser\":{},\"showCookieBanner\":false,\"disabledCookies\":[],\"dd_env\":\"prod\",\"dd_ti\":true,\"mainBundleCSS\":[\"https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/main.7c52761e29f131507b65.css\"]}")</script>
        <script>window._analyticsConfig = JSON.parse("{\"properties\":{\"subdomain\":\"mlberkeley\",\"publication_id\":1492232,\"has_plans\":false,\"pub_community_enabled\":true,\"is_personal_publication\":false,\"is_subscribed\":false,\"is_free_subscribed\":false,\"is_author\":false,\"is_contributor\":false,\"is_admin\":false,\"is_founding\":false},\"adwordsAccountId\":\"AW-316245675\",\"adwordsEventSendTo\":\"Tf76CKqcyL4DEKuN5pYB\"}")</script>
        

        
        
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/92520.43833809.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43876.fc4c8743.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75058.b6ae1d97.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/61861.93a02b5d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/23553.ed9a215f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/76976.38a3f304.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97957.29ef4486.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/27994.33a727cb.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/67562.c7e5a4b0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/16932.cdf0b208.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/99795.f1b50e53.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97610.e99f9ff4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/68628.192d32ca.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/382.be730f24.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/56938.c9705014.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/65343.4105dee4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/88491.e5bd5ffa.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/89211.b2dea6f9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4993.a1b2a08a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/40893.41e3f782.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/76718.f3b2e64d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/57328.688ffda7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/72999.0a7ecb89.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96109.d4e1d337.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/47596.f2805761.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/95680.f44e52e3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/30273.064ee2e0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/26088.02f6ea63.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/41324.8a9cbcb3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/58416.f790a9c7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/89244.ccd400a1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/welcome.3d12faf1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/60297.860ed4e2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/57970.b5683b1a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/20711.2db9feb0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/35824.6f47db52.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/70527.c03f143e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/17372.687a83c6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96619.1885de25.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/12241.fae29ff4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/37872.c5a188c2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/44176.59f09c50.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/65100.de0c3539.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/31345.e4bb2e1c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/51780.4eac7cd6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/39966.50c8374d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/88791.342fa950.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8402.56c945e5.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8478.5d0bac76.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4928.9616442c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/32307.9cefbf5b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96109.d4e1d337.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/93975.20a21306.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/82154.99ba7fa2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/11578.9165d2b3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8164.71c3df50.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/62204.5c577896.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/74282.8bff0eb5.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/48072.51813d09.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75353.986afcae.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/58445.85f084dd.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/90738.3d7016a7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75529.7348de5f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7503.5ee8c6d7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/54770.a701eec0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/93802.00cb3218.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/90358.56cd61e8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/61325.7b94d476.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/31541.ac4f9db7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/52144.cdffe224.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/72231.0d625922.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/46730.5ac38296.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96312.c3acc793.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/65343.4105dee4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7678.f733d7f9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/41935.f43ff748.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/86379.ab6f826e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/53419.886bda4b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/44276.bae4a245.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/94551.a32ed219.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/31023.ad736e6b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/35457.23d71900.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/54900.8222efc9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96869.7c7558f2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/74390.eb9fb15b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/37477.22c31be6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/99795.f1b50e53.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/12868.5eedc7b8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/33063.779d091c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/49907.a2f60d7f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/61449.271cf2c4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/49271.8e7cd7f8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/19971.862bfe88.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97957.29ef4486.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/25577.f53b65be.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/23553.ed9a215f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/83988.68eb40b4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/70780.9e5d28c2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/85929.a706cadb.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/61861.93a02b5d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75058.b6ae1d97.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43876.fc4c8743.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/lib-router.675ba447.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/41129.07830aca.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/63149.6176c7fd.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/94625.637a1098.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/17391.49237cd3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8953.7b3c193a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/81669.d11d8ea0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/27650.e1a88e9b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/41233.2a3f4d4b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/36667.c2e1b1b9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9411.596260f4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/31702.17b3a824.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/62311.d45cca0a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/55674.fe32ce46.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7767.89d03cfb.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/58471.d4de1dc2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/92792.e97cc973.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9933.accb89de.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
        
        <script nomodule>
            (function() {
                var message = 'Your browser does not support modern JavaScript modules. Please upgrade your browser for the best experience.';
                var warningDiv = document.createElement('div');
                warningDiv.style.color = 'red';
                warningDiv.style.padding = '10px';
                warningDiv.style.margin = '10px 0';
                warningDiv.style.border = '1px solid red';
                warningDiv.style.backgroundColor = 'lightyellow';
                warningDiv.innerText = message;
                document.body.prepend(warningDiv);
            })();
        </script>

        
            <!-- Datadog Analytics -->
            <script>
              (function(h,o,u,n,d) {
                h=h[d]=h[d]||{q:[],onReady:function(c){h.q.push(c)}}
                d=o.createElement(u);d.async=1;d.src=n
                n=o.getElementsByTagName(u)[0];n.parentNode.insertBefore(d,n)
              })(window,document,'script','https://www.datadoghq-browser-agent.com/us1/v5/datadog-rum.js','DD_RUM')
              window.DD_RUM.onReady(function() {
                window.DD_RUM.init({
                  clientToken: 'puba71073f072643721169b68f352438710',
                  applicationId: '2e321b35-c76b-4073-8d04-cc9a10461793',
                  site: 'datadoghq.com',
                  service: 'web',
                  env: window._preloads.dd_env,
                  version: 'a4ee7308ccc7c7b733f7a255da0d3164d420b2f5',
                  sessionSampleRate: 1,
                  sessionReplaySampleRate: 100,
                  trackUserInteractions: window._preloads.dd_ti,
                  trackResources: true,
                  trackLongTasks: true,
                  defaultPrivacyLevel: 'mask-user-input',
                  allowedTracingUrls: [/https?:\/\/(.+\/.)?substack(cdn)?\.com/]
                });
              })
            </script>
            <!-- End Datadog Analytics -->

            <!-- Cloudflare Web Analytics -->
            <script defer src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js" data-cf-beacon='{"token": "216309cffb464db4b0e02daf0b8e8060"}'></script>
            <!-- End Cloudflare Web Analytics -->
        

        <!-- Fallback tracking pixels -->
        

        

        <noscript>
    <style>
        #nojs-banner {
            position: fixed;
            bottom: 0;
            left: 0;
            padding: 16px 16px 16px 32px;
            width: 100%;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            background: red;
            color: white;
            font-family: -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";
            font-size: 13px;
            line-height: 13px;
        }
        #nojs-banner a {
            color: inherit;
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
    </style>

    <div id="nojs-banner">
        This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. Please <a href="https://enable-javascript.com/" target="_blank">turn on JavaScript</a> or unblock scripts
    </div>
</noscript>


        

        

        
        
    <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'9f0af88a6f7d5546',t:'MTc3NjkyNzQxMg=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body>
</html>
