Management and Business

Excel Templates

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Tue, 25 Nov 2008 07:31:00 +0000

Vertex42 Articles

»Amortization Formulas
»Dashboard Reports
»Using Excel Solver
»Financial Modeling
»Debt Consolidation
»Simple Interest
»Monte Carlo Simulation

Histograms in Excel
Random Numbers
Normal Distribution Graph

»Excel Web Queries
»Custom Excel Functions
»Excel Training
»Toolbar Buttons
»Significant Figures
»Sparklines
»Excel Shortcuts
»Fun and Games

Menuliskan kalimat dengan rumus di Excel

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Sat, 23 Aug 2008 04:38:00 +0000

Kadang kita mau menuliskan hasil perhitungan ms excel yang kita buat dalam kalimat.

Sebagai contoh kita menghitung rata-rata waktu pelayanan pelanggan dan simpangan bakunya dengan data sebagai berikut:

Untuk menampilkan dalam kalimat misalnya "

"Rata-rata waktu pelayanan pelanggan adalah 39.6 dengan Simpangan Baku/Standar Deviasi sebesar 6.77"

Maka kita dapat menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut:

="Rata-rata waktu pelayanan pelanggan adalah "&B12&" dengan Simpangan Baku/Standar Deviasi sebesar " &TEXT(B13,"#.##")

Artinya sel D2 sama dengan "Rata-rata waktu pelayanan pelanggan adalah " + sel B12 + " dengan Simpangan Baku/Standar Deviasi sebesar " + jadikan teks sel B13 dengan format angka dan dua decimal.

Atau langsung dihitung dalam kalimat:

="Rata-rata waktu pelayanan pelanggan adalah "&AVERAGE(B2:B11)&" dengan Simpangan Baku/Standar Deviasi sebesar " &TEXT(STDEV(B2:B11),"#.##")

Artinya sel D2 sama dengan "Rata-rata waktu pelayanan pelanggan adalah " + rata-rata sel B2 s/d B11 + " dengan Simpangan Baku/Standar Deviasi sebesar " + jadikan teks hasil perhitungan Simpangan Baku sel B2 s/d B11 dengan format angka dan dua decimal.

Selamat mencoba !!!

Menggunakan Vlookup untuk Pengganti IF

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Sat, 23 Aug 2008 04:17:00 +0000

Misalnya kita menggunakan fungsi IF yang saling bertumpuk seperti contoh dibawah ini

Contoh:
=IF(C2=1,"Nama",IF(C2=2,"Alamat",IF(C2=3,"Kota",IF(C2=4,"Kode Pos","tidak tahu"))))

Kita dapat mengganti fungsi seperti di atas dengan menggunaka fungsi VLOOKUP untuk mendapatkan nilai tertentu.

Yaitu
=VLOOKUP(C2,A1:B6,2,FALSE)

1- Argument pertama fungsi VLOOKUP Function mencari data yang cocok pada kolom pertama range A1:B6 dengan nilai yang ada di sel C2.
2- Hasilnya berasal dari kolom kedua dari range A1:B6.

Tampilan Range yang dipilih

Normal Distribution

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Sat, 09 Aug 2008 17:58:00 +0000

Normal distribution can be tested for by:

a) plotting the data on a graph and visually inspecting the line

b) using a probability graph in which if it is possible to draw a straight line through the values distribution is normal

c) applying the Chi-Square Test for normal distribution.

d) checking whether the mean, mode and median coincide (which they do if distribution is normal)

e) testing that:

68% of all values will fall between -1/+1 standard deviation and
95% of all values will fall between -2/+2 standard deviations.

Soal Statistik Deskriptif untuk Ms Excel

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Thu, 07 Aug 2008 04:27:00 +0000

Seorang peneliti diminta untuk melakukan pengamatan terhadap 2 orang kasir Mini Mart yang melayani konsumen dengan hasil waktu pelayanan sebagai berikut:

No Pengamatan	Waktu Kasir 1	Waktu Kasir 2	No Pengamatan	Waktu Kasir 1	Waktu Kasir 2
1	9	9	16	9	18
2	12	17	17	5	8
3	19	13	18	13	12
4	12	6	19	15	9
5	5	11	20	7	6
6	23	7	21	6	13
7	13	7	22	6	4
8	14	6	23	18	19
9	13	16	24	20	17
10	13	17	25	22	11
11	7	12	26	21	5
12	11	10	27	8	19
13	8	7	28	12	11
14	9	17	29	12	17
15	5	10	30	21	8

Pertanyaan:

Buat Statistik Deskriptif dengan menu Ms. Excel (Mean, Std Error, Median, Mode, Standar Deviation, Sample Variance, Kurtosis, Skewness, Range, Min, Max, Sum, Count)
Buatlah tabulasi distribusi kedua sample data tersebut serta histogramnya.
Buatlah laporan tentang hasil pengamatan untuk menunjukkan hasilnya. (sbg. Contoh kasir A lebih cepat … menit dari kasir B)

Soal Untuk MS Excel Solver

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Thu, 07 Aug 2008 04:12:00 +0000

Perusahaan mebel "Toko Mebel", membuat meja dan kursi dari kayu. Setiap meja membutuhkan pekerjaan tukang kayu rata-rata selama 4 jam dan pengecatan rata-rata 2 jam; setiap kursi membutuhkan pekerjaan tukang kayu rata-rata 3 jam dan pengecatan rata-rata 1 jam. Dalam satu minggu tersedia 240 jam kerja untuk tukang kayu dan 100 jam kerja untuk pengecatan. Jika dijual, setiap meja menghasilkan keuntungan rata-rata Rp. 700.000 dan setiap kursi Rp. 500.000. Ringkasan data mengenai meja dan kursi ada pada Tabel 1. Berikut

Tabel 2.1 Data perusahaan "Toko Mebel"

Pekerjaan	Jam yang dibutuhkan		Jam kerja tersedia per minggu kerja
Pekerjaan	Meja	Kursi	Jam kerja tersedia per minggu kerja
Tukang kayu	4	3	240
Pegecatan	2	1	100
Keuntungan per Unit (Rp.)	700.000	500.000

Pertanyaan:

Berapa seharusnya produksi meja dan kursi dalam satu minggu kerja agar profit total perusahaan "Toko Mebel" maksimal? Gunakan Solver dalam aplikasi Ms Excel 2007 !!

Simple Debt Amortization.

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Sat, 26 Jul 2008 17:03:00 +0000

Incurring debt and making a series of payments to reduce this debt to nil is something we all must do in our lifetime as we make purchases that would only be feasible if we are given sufficient time to pay down the amount of the transaction.
This is referred to as 'amortizing' a debt, a term that takes it's roots from the French term ' amortir', which is the act of providing death to something.

The basic definitions required for someone to understand the concept are:
1. Principal - the initial amount of the debt, usually the price of the item purchased.
2. Interest Rate - the amount one will pay for the use of someone else's money. Usually expressed as a percentage so that this amount can be expressed for any period of time.
3. Time- essentially the amount of time that will be taken to pay down (eliminate) the debt. Usually expressed in years, but best understood as the number of and interval of payments, i.e., 36 monthly payments.

Simple interest calculation follows the formula:
I= PRT, where
I=Interest
P=Principal
R= Interest Rate
T= Time.

The challenge: John decides to buy a car. The dealer gives him a price and tells him he can pay on time as long as he makes 36 installments and agrees to pay six per cent interest. (6%). The facts are:

Agreed price 18,000 for the car, taxes included.

3 years or 36 equal payments to pay out the debt.

Interest rate of 6%.

The first payment will occur 30 days after receiving the loan
A simple timeline will give you an idea of the question we need to address.

To simplify the problem, we know the following:

The monthly payment will include at least 1/36th of the principal so we can pay off the original debt.
The monthly payment will also include an interest component that is equal to 1/36 of the total interest.
Total interest is calculated by looking at a series of varying amounts at a fixed interest rate.

Take a look at this chart reflecting our loan scenario.

This picture shows the calculation of interest for each month, reflecting the declining balance outstanding due to the principal pay down each month . ( 1/36 of the balance outstanding at the time of the first payment.,., in our example 18,090/36 = 502.50)
By totaling the amount of interest and calculating the average, you can arrive at a simple estimation of the payment required to amortize this debt. Averaging will differ from exact because you are paying less than the actual calculated amount of interest for the early payments, which would change the amount of the outstanding balance and therefore the amount of interest calculated for the next period.

Understanding the simple effect of interest on an amount in terms of a a given time period and realizing that amortization is nothing more then a progressive summary of a series of simple monthly debt calculations should provide a person with a better understanding of loans and mortgages. The math is both simple and complex; calculating the periodic interest is simple but finding the exact periodic payment to amortize the debt is complex.

Marine Renewable Energy

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Sun, 18 May 2008 13:41:00 +0000

Marine Renewable Energy (source http://www.bwea.com/marine/devices.html)

Devices

To date there are only a few technologies that have progressed as far as the full-scale deployment and testing. However, there are several UK-based companies presently actively involved in the construction of such devices, supported in their endeavours by numerous financial channels including the Government and private investors. A number of technologies developed in the UK have been outlined below.

Follow this link if you would like to see a summary of how each device works.

AquaEnergy Group

AquaEnergy Group Ltd. combines technology and project development to produce electricity from ocean energy. AquaEnergy Development UK Ltd. is a subsidiary with a mission to advance AquaEnergy's core technology, the AquaBuOY wave energy conversion device.

AquaBuOY combines elements of two prior, successfully ocean-tested, technologies – the IPS Buoy and the Swedish Hose-pump. It builds upon the proven advantages of both systems, while advancing the state-of-the-art in design efficiency, functionality and reliability.

Click here to see an animation showing how the PowerBuOY works (requires Flash plug-in)

For further information please visit the AquaEnergy Website: http://aquaenergygroup.com

or email: aqua@aeg-ltd.com

Ocean Power Technologies

OPT was formed in 1994 by Dr George Taylor and Dr Joseph Burns in pursuit of their vision of harnessing the boundless energy captured within the waves of the world's oceans. The company has focused on the PowerBuoy technology, capturing the energy using large floating buoys anchored to the sea bed and converting the energy into electricity via innovative power take-off systems.

The primary product of OPT for the utility industry is the PowerBuoy, which is a patented, scaleable energy conversion system engineered to obtain wholesale amounts of electrical power from wave energy. Ocean trials were conducted off the coast of New Jersey from 1997 onwards to demonstrate the concept of a floating buoy capturing energy and then converting it into electricity. The technology is on a growth curve towards full-scale commercial application, the first example of which is the 50kW PowerBuoy recently installed in Hawaii, in a scheme to be scaled up to 1MW.

For further information please visit the OPT Website: www.oceanpowertechnologies.com

or email: mrdraper@oceanpowertech.com

Pelamis, Ocean Power Delivery (OPD)

OPD was established at the beginning of 1998 by Dr Richard Yemm to develop the Pelamis Wave Energy Converter. This device is known as a 'point absorber' and can effectively focus energy from a wide area by interacting with an area of waves much larger than its physical size. As it is flexibly moored it swings head-on to the incoming waves and can therefore span successive wave crests.

The Pelamis is a semi-submerged, articulated structure composed of cylindrical sections linked by hinged joints. The wave-induced motion of these joints is resisted by hydraulic rams, which pump high-pressure oil through hydraulic motors via smoothing accumulators. The hydraulic motors drive electrical generators to produce electricity. Power from all the joints is fed down a single umbilical cable to a junction on the sea bed. Several devices can be connected together and linked to shore through a single seabed cable.

Following six years of detailed design and development, OPD has completed the build of the first full-scale Pelamis Wave Energy Converter. The 750kW machine measures 120m long by 3.5m wide (about the size of four train carriages) and weighs 750 tonnes fully ballasted. In August 2004 Pelamis was connected to the UK gird at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in Orkney to be tested. This is the first offshore wave energy to be exported into the UK electricity system.

Video footage of Pelamis in action (2.7 MB © OPD)

For more information go to: www.oceanpd.com

Marine Current Turbines (MCT)

Marine Current Turbines Ltd is an independent company dedicated to developing a revolutionary technology for large-scale generation of clean electricity from the seas. MCT's patented technology is a submarine tidal current turbine based on using pitch regulated axial flow rotors, which has proved to be the successful formula for the vast majority of wind turbines and which seems likely to be the definitive solution for water current kinetic energy conversion too.

An experimental 300kW test system, called "Seaflow" (as shown above) was successfully installed off Lynmouth in Devon in May 2003 and continues to deliver vital data. This is the world's first successful offshore tidal turbine and is the first step in developing this entirely new clean method of power generation. Seaflow is unique among "wet renewable" technologies in having met its design specification in full (it has actually exceeded its rated power of 300kW and consistently exceeded its rotor design efficiency) as well as having remained operable in open sea exposed conditions for almost three years.

The commercial prototype known as "Seagen" is presently under construction (above left) and due for installation in Strangford Narrows, Northern Ireland in the late summer of 2006. The design process has been validated by the leading marine classification agency, DNV (Det Norsk Veritas) with a view to developing and obtaining type approval for the MCT Seagen turbine system.

The Seagen twin rotor turbines, rated at approximately 1MW, incorporate a patented system for raising the rotors and power train above the surface of the sea for ease of maintenance (as illustrated above right). It is hoped that the first commercial demonstration array as illustrated top right will be installed by the end of 2008. MCT is also exploring opportunities for demonstration projects in other parts of the world including North America and S E Asia in parallel with the first UK commercial array. MCT also has plans for more advanced "Second Generation" technology which can be scaled to higher (or lower) power levels than Seagen and applied in a greater range of flow conditions.

MCT is dedicated solely to the development of commercially viable marine current turbines and has a number of commercial strategic partners and shareholders, including EDF Energy, Guernsey Electricity, BankInvest, Seacore and Bendalls Engineering.

The Seaflow project was financially supported by the UK DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) and the European Commission and Seagen is also being supported by the DTI.

For more information go to: www.marineturbines.com

Sperboy™

SPERBOY™, developed and patented by Embley Energy, is a floating wave energy converter based on the 'oscillating water column' principle. Air displaced by the oscillating water column is passed through rectifying turbine-generators. Designed to be deployed in large arrays 8 to 12 miles off shore providing large-scale energy generation at a competitive cost.

With a minimum number of moving parts, which are above the surface of the sea, maintenance requirements are minimised and energy is produced at a very competitive rate. Current research is looking to extend the life of the vessel to some 50 years and includes several initiatives to deliver higher levels of power. Consequently the device has considerable potential for further reducing the cost of delivered power.

The absence of large quantities of invasive products such as oils and lubricants coupled with minimal impact on seabed ecosystems makes the device environmentally friendly.

SPERBOY™ has completed the Marine Energy Challenge, where independent consultants investigated its performance in terms of power capture as well as carrying out a detailed study of both capital and maintenance costings in arriving at their prediction for the cost of delivered power. The device is now ready to exploit the very successful and encouraging results of this 'Challenge' and will now proceed to the deployment of full-scale prototypes.

For further information see www.sperboy.com

Stingray and the EB Frond, The Engineering Business (EB)

The Engineering Business started investigating renewables as a potential third market, behind submarine telecom and offshore oil and gas, in 1997 and comments that it soon became clear that Renewable Offshore Power Generation would be the most attractive technology area given the experience and expertise of EB staff. The devices currently being developed include both tidal and wave energy technologies, dominated by the 'Stingray' tidal generator and the 'EB Frond' wave energy converter.

Stingray uses the flow of the tidal stream over a hydroplane to create an oscillating motion that operates hydraulic cylinders to drive a motor that, in turn, drives an electrical generator. This device is a seabed mounted machine, to be situated typically in any water depth up to 100m.

The EB Frond, on the other hand, is a seabed mounted nearshore wave energy device designed for installation in 20-35 metres of water. A paddle-like collector on the end of a long lever is placed close to the sea surface and driven by the waves to produce hydraulic power similar to that of the Stingray.

In September 2002 EB tested the Stingray generator offshore in the Yell Sound off the Shetland Islands in the Highlands. The 180 tonne, 150 kW machine was installed and removed safely and data collected for analysis to aid the further development of both the demonstrator and commercial units. The 3rd phase of the development programme, a reinstallation of the demonstrator in the Yell Sound, has also been completed in 2003 and included a more flexible control system to allow the performance of the generator to be accurately controlled and recorded over a longer period.

The EB Frond is not at such an advanced stage of development but the phase 1 physical testing has been undertaken at scales of 1/33rd and 1/25th in the Lancaster University test tank, the academic partners in the project. Phase 2 is proposed for development in which a larger model will be deployed in more varied and extreme wave conditions. EB state that if this is successful it should lead to the design, build and installation of a full-scale demonstrator in a real near-shore wave environment, possibly as early as this year.

Future plans for the Stingray include a 5MW pre-commercial Stingray farm to be connected to a local power distribution system in order to test an innovative system for smoothing the flow of electricity from the oscillating devices. For more information go to: www.engb.com

TidEL, SMD Hydrovision

SMD Hydrovision has developed a device for the extraction of energy from tidal flows. The TidEL concept consists of a pair of contra-rotating 500kW turbines, mounted together on a single crossbeam. The complete assembly is buoyant and tethered to the seabed by a series of mooring chains. The mooring system allows the turbines to align themselves down stream of the prevailing tidal flow without requiring any external intervention, providing a reliable and economical way of tracking the alternating tidal flow-cycle. As the system requires no support structure, it can be fitted in any reasonable coastal water depth.

At present SMD Hydrovision is in the process of testing a 10th scale device in a specially developed tidal facility at NaREC. The results of this testing will feed into the development of a full-scale prototype with 15 meter diameter fixed pitched blades driving the turbine powertrains that are housed within a pod. For more information go to: www.smdhydrovision.com/products

Wave Dragon

Wave Dragon marks a significant breakthrough towards commercial exploitation of the abundant energy concentrated in ocean waves, where seagoing trial of the Wave Dragon 20 kW prototype has proven its offshore survivability since March 2003 and verified the potential for commercial feasibility with large scale power generation below the costs of offshore wind power.

Wave Dragon consists of three main elements:

Two patented wave reflectors channelling waves towards the ramp, linked to the main structure. These increase energy capture by 70% in 3m waves.
The main structure consisting of a patented double curved ramp and a water storage reservoir.
A set of low head propeller turbines for converting the hydraulic head in the reservoir into electricity.

When waves have been channelled by the reflectors, they overtop the ramp and fill the reservoir, which is situated at a higher level than the surrounding sea. This hydraulic head is used for power production through the hydro turbines. Wave Dragon is unique among wave energy converters as it harnesses the energy in the water directly via water turbines in a one-step conversion system. A very simple construction in which, importantly, the turbines are the only moving parts.

Click here to see a video of Wave Dragon in operation (.mpg file, 7.3MB)

For further information please visit the Wave Dragon website: www.wavedragon.net

or email: info@wavedragon.net

The Wave Rotor, EcoFys, Holland

The Wave Rotor, a concept designed by EcoFys of Holland, is part of the Carbon Trust Marine Energy Challenge. At present a scale device has been tested but there is potential for this to develop further during the MEC process

www.ecofys.nl/nl/expertisegebieden/product_systeemontwikkeling/waverotor.htm

Wavegen

Wavegen was established in 1992 by Professor Alan Wells and has developed into one of the key leaders in the manufacture of wave power systems. Together with Queens University, Belfast (QUB), Wavegen has built the world's first commercial scale wave energy converter, LIMPET, on the coast of Islay in the Highlands of Scotland. They also develop the OSPREY, a near shore Oscillating Water Column (OWC) and are working on a number of similar concept designs.

The LIMPET (Land Installed Marine Powered Energy Transformer) is the smallest of Wavegen's shoreline energy modules, generating 0.5MW of power for local communities. At the end of 2000 it successfully fed electricity into the local Islay electricity network having secured a 15-year Power Purchase Agreement with the major public electricity suppliers in Scotland.

More recently Wavegen has collaborated with SEV, a Faroese energy company, with the intention of bringing wave energy to the Faroe Islands. The boards of both companies have agreed to form a joint venture company to oversee the initial design and engineering phase of the project with a value of £600,000. Phase two will see the construction of the wave power station in a cliff wall using a series of Wavegen's air turbine power generation modules. This project is reported to be worth up to £7m and could provide a maximum capacity of up to 100MW. Wavegen state that this will form the blueprint for wave power stations in similar locations both in the Faroes and other parts of the world.

For more information go to: www.wavegen.com

Wavegen also have a test facility.

Memasukkan Baris atau Kolom dengan Keyboard

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Sat, 17 May 2008 08:15:00 +0000

Memasukkan Baris atau Kolom Baru - dng Keyboard

Insert a New Row or Column - Excel Keyboard Shortcut

Untuk memasukkan baris atau kolom baru dengan keyboard, tanpa mouse maka dua langkah dibawah ini dapat diterapkan

Shift+SpaceBar = Pilih baris (row)
Ctrl+Shift+PlusSign = Insert Baris (row)

Sedangkan untuk column, maka langkah pertama adalah Ctrl+SpaceBar untuk memilih kolom. Untuk memasukkan lebih dari satu baris atau kolom maka gunakan tombol panah keyboard bersama-sama tombol Shift sebelum melanjutkan ke langkah ke dua.

Menggunakan Tabel Pivot untuk Meringkas Data

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Sun, 11 May 2008 16:20:00 +0000

Misalnya anda memiliki data penjualan yang isinya 50.000 baris seperti terlihat pada Gambar 1

Dengan data itu anda ingin membuat laporan ringkas yang menunjukkan penjualan per wilayah dan produk (region and product).

Gambar 1. Ringkas tabel data berikut.

Caranya: Untuk
meringkas data di atas, anda dapat menggunakan pivot table. Pivot tables sngat cocok untuk analisis data seperti di atas.

Peringatan: Pivot tables di Excel 2007 sangat berubah dari versi

Excel 97-2003. Untuk membuat ringkasan pendapatan berdasarkan wilayah dan produk membutuhkan klik mouse sebanyak 4 kali dan satu kali tahan tarik mouse (drag):

Pastikan bahwa data yang ada dalam daftar memiliki judul (pada baris paling atas) yang berbeda satu dengan lainnya (unik).

Pilih salah satu sel dalam database (data anda). Pilih Menu Insert – Pivot Table.

IntelliSense Excel (sensor cerdas Excel) akan menduga range data anda. Dan biasanya benar seperti pada Gambar 2. Dan Klik OK.

Dengan menekan tombok OK, anda akan melihat tabel pivot yang masih kosong dan dua toolbar tabel pivot baru, dan sebuah dialog daftar PivotTable baru. Dialog Excel versi 2007 memperlihatkan daftar filed pada bagian atas dan empat tempat meletakkan (Drop Zone) field pada bagian bawah dialog, seperti terlihat pada Gambar

Sedangkan pada Excel versi sebelumnya, maka anda harus menarik field dari Dialog Field

List langsung ke pivot table. Proses ini sangat menyulitkan bagi orang yang masih baru mengenal pivot tables. Dalam Excel 2007, anda menarik field dari dialog field list bagian atas ke zona yang yang cocok pada bagian bawah dialog Field List. Biasanya dengan hanya meng-klik field yang ada di dialog Field List akan menempatkan field tersebut pada zona yang tepat. Untuk kasus yang kita miliki ini, maka kita mencoba meletakkan produk merupakan daftar yang ke bawah (judul baris) sedangkan wilayah merupakan judul mendatar (judul kolom).

Gambar 3. Dialog PivotTable Field List di bagian atas dan Drop Zone di Bagian Bawah

Klik Check box Produk di Dialog Field List bagian atas. Excel akan secara otomatis memasukkan ke dalam Row Labels (Label baris) pada drop zone. Pivot table akan menunjukkan daftar produk satu per satu (tidak ada duplikasi) pada Kolom A (lihat Gambar 4).

Gambar 4. Klik sebuah field text, dan Excel memasukkan field itu ke area Baris.

Klik check box Pendapatan yang ada di dialog Field List bagian atas. Dan karena field tersebut adalah numeric maka Excel akan menambahkan pada bagian Values (nilai) dari pivot table.

Jika anda meng-klik check box Wilayah, maka Excel akan meletakkan field tersebut di area row pada pivot table. Karena anda ingin wilayah menjadi judul kolom maka, klik mouse, tahan dan tariklah field Wilayah dari dialog Field List dan letakkan di drop zone Column Labels yang terletak di bagian bawah dialog Field List.

Hasilnya adalah ringkasan data penjualan berdasarkan produk dan wilayah, seperti terlihat dalam Gambar 5.

Gambar 5. Pivot table membuat anda mudah untuk meringkas laporan.

Tingkat Lanjut: Pivot table memberikan banyak opsi (pilihan) yang sangat berguna. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut klik disini

Untuk Pemakai Versi Sebelumnya: Jika anda menyukai pivot table pro pada Excel versi sebelumnya, maka anda akan dengan cepat menggunakan pivot table

Excel 2007. Drop zones telah diubah namanya. Drop Zone Row Area sekarang bernama Row Labels. Sedangkan drop zone Column Area sekarang menjadi Column Labels. Drop Page Field menjadi Report Filter. Dan drop zone Data Area menjadi Σ Values (walaupun saya menyebutnya drop zone Values, dengan mengabaikan symbol Σ).

Agar Lebih Mudah: Pada
awal pembuatan sebuah Pivot Table, maka dialog PivotTable Field List akan berada di layar sebelah kanan. Anda dapat memindahkan ke tengah dengan cara klik pada Judul Dialog dan tarik ke worksheet agar terlihat mengambang di atas worksheet dan mempermudah anda dalam mengatur data. Dalam membuat artikel ini saya menggeser ke tengah agar tampak dalam gambar yang disajikan sebagai contoh.

Bentuk Drop Zone: Anda dapat mengatur bentuk dialog PivotTable Field List dengan mengklik dropdown pada bagian atas. Bentuk yang ditawarkan untuk tampilan ini ada lima (5). Tiga diantaranya tidak menyertakan daftar field atau drop zones. Jika tampilan dialog box anda tidak menampilkan salah satu bagian tersebut, maka gunakan panah dropdown untuk mengembalikan tampilan ke Fields Section and Areas Section Stacked. Ada juga yang menampilkan field dan drop zone secara berdampingan.

Kesimpulan: Perintah
Insert – Pivot Table dapat meringkas ribuan baris data secara cepat. Excel tidak membutuhkan anda mengerti rumusnya. Anda hanya harus dapat meletakkan field ke dala tata letak (layout) laporan.

Perintah Di Menu: Insert – Pivot Table

Cara menulis rumus matematika di Blog

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Wed, 07 May 2008 19:07:00 +0000

Kadang kita mau menuliskan lebih besar sama dengan ( ≤ ) dalam blog. Contoh kita mau menulis Rumus a + b ≤ 0

maka yang harus kita harus menulis dalam mode Edit Html sbb:

a + b &le 0 (setelah a + b spasi kemudian &le spasi dan 0

ingat menulisnya harus huruf kecil bukan &LE tapi &le

kode lain yang biasa &lt ( < ), &gt ( > ) dan &ge ( ≥ )

Kode ini disebut ISONUM character and Glyphs dan dapat dilihat di:

http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/isonum.html

Mengecek Umur Dalam Excel

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Wed, 07 May 2008 18:30:00 +0000

Misalnya kita punya daftar tanggal lahir beberapa orang, kemudian kita mau mengecek yang berumur 18 tahun ke atas maka dalam excel kita dapat menghitung sbb:

Untuk mementukan apakah umurnya 18 tahun atau lebih ( hasil TRUE berarti benar)

Rumus di Kolom Cek umur

=AND(ISNUMBER(A1),(A1-1)< style="font-weight: bold;">

Kolom Dikembangkan

=IF(AND(ISNUMBER(A2),(A2-1)< style="font-weight: bold;">Hasilnya

Tgl Lahir	Cek umur	Dikembangkan
4/19/1962	TRUE	Ya tuh sudah tua
4/20/1992	FALSE	Masih muda koq

Menghitung Umur dalam Excel

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Wed, 07 May 2008 18:10:00 +0000

Untuk menghitung umur dalam Excel

Fungsi yang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung umur dalam excel adalah DATEDIF

Penggunaannya adalah sebagai berikut:

=DATEDIF(A1,TODAY(),"y")
atau
=DATEDIF(A1,NOW(),"y")

Sebagai alternatif dengan menggunakan rumus yang agak panjang adalah

=TEXT(IF(OR(MONTH(TODAY())>MONTH(A1),AND(MONTH(TODAY())=MONTH(A1),
DAY(TODAY())>=DAY(A1))),(TODAY()-A1)/365.25,(TODAY()-A1)/365.25-1),"0")

Tinggal pilih yang mana ... mau panjang dan lama atau cepat ... Kalau untuk jarak tanggal ya Today() atau Now() diganti tanggal aja

Ini adalah iklan :

Search internet dapat uang

Clicks - data Uang

Pamer Diri dapat Uang

Rumus Array (CSE) dalam Excel

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Wed, 07 May 2008 17:56:00 +0000

Rumus Array berbeda dengan rumus biasa yang kita masukkan dalam excel. untuk memasukkan rumus ini kita perlu dua hal berikut

1. Pada saat memasukkan rumus untuk array, maka pertama pilih range (ingat range bukan sel) yang akan diberi rumus, kemudian masukkan rumusnya, setelah selesai tekan Ctrl, Shift dan Enter setaca bersamaan (jangan hanya tekan Enter saja)

2. Pada saat kita memasukkan rumus array, maka akan muncul dua kurung kurawal seperti pada contoh di bawah ini

{=Rumus Yang Kita Masukkan}

Dan Yang Perlu Diingat ::::: Jangan memasukkan kurung kurawal sendiri dengan mengetikkannya, Excel akan otomatis membuat kurung tersebut dengan kita menekan CSE (Ctrl, Shift dan Enter)

Menghilangkan Duplikasi Dalam Excel

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Mon, 05 May 2008 21:03:00 +0000

Berikut adalah kode VBA untuk menghapus duplikasi data serta menghilangkan item yang tidak sama.

Gambar di bawah menunjukkan dua buah kolom yang berisi data. Kita ingin menghapus duplikasi data dari kolom kedua dengan membandingkan ke isi kolom A.

Kode VBAnya adalah sebagai berikut:

Sub RemoveDuplicatesInCells()

    Dim c As Range
    Dim rCheckForDupes As Range

    Set rCheckForDupes = Range("A1:B14")

    With rCheckForDupes

        For Each c In .Columns(2).Cells

            If WorksheetFunction.CountIf(.Columns(1), c.Value) > 0 Then
                c.ClearContents
            End If

        Next c

    End With

    Set rCheckForDupes = Nothing

End Sub

Hasilnya adalah sebagai berikut:

Bagaimana untuk menghapus sel-sel yang kosong? Maka kita ubah kode VBA menjadi

Sub RemoveDuplicatesInCells2()

    Dim c As Range
    Dim rCheckForDupes As Range

    Set rCheckForDupes = Range("A1:B14")

    With rCheckForDupes

        For Each c In .Columns(2).Cells

            If WorksheetFunction.CountIf(.Columns(1), c.Value) > 0 Then
                c.ClearContents
            End If

        Next c

        .Columns(2).SpecialCells(xlCellTypeBlanks).Select

        Selection.Delete Shift:=xlUp

        .Cells(1).Select

    End With

    Set rCheckForDupes = Nothing

End Sub

Hasilnya adalah:.

Untuk menghapus data yang tidak sama maka, ubahlah tanda lebih besar (>) dalam "If WorksheetFunction.CountIf(.Columns(1), c.Value) > 0" menjadi tanda sama dengan (=) sign.

Sumber: andrewsexceltips.com.

Paper, Articles and Presentation of Hydrogen Energy

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Fri, 02 May 2008 21:31:00 +0000

Hydrogen Energy Systems (general)

Hydrogen Energy Research Needs (H2NET Annual Meeting, July 2000)

Hydrogen : the Fuel for the Future (H2NET Annual Meeting, June 2001)

Hydrogen Systems (Seminar, May 2002)

Global Hydrogen (H2NET Annual Meeting, July 2002)

H2NET Summer Meeting 2004: Hydrogen's role in climate change mitigation & Developments in UK hydrogen

H2NET Summer Meeting 2005: Hydrogen Production & The UK Strategic Agenda for Hydrogen Energy

Hydrogen Production

Hydrogen Production (Seminar, February 2001)

Hydrogen production by electrolysis (Seminar, September 2004)

Hydrogen Production (Summer meeting, June 2005)

Hydrogen Storage

Hydrogen Storage (Seminar, November 2000)

Hydrogen Storage Materials (Seminar, December 2004)

Hydrogen End-Use Systems

Hydrogen End Use Systems (Seminar, 2001)

Hydrogen End-Use - Fuel Cells (Seminar 2007)

Hydrogen End-Use - Combustion (Seminar 2007)

Miscellaneous

Hydrogen Safety and Standards (Seminar, November 2002)

Novel Hydrogen Technologies (Seminar, March 2003)

Regional, National, and International Hydrogen Energy R&D Programmes (Seminar, November 2003)

The European Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology Platform (Seminar, May 2004)

Hydrogen development from Scotland to the EC (Seminar, September 2004)

H2NET Seminar: Developments in EC Hydrogen Programme, Standards & Safety (Seminar, October 2006)

Please note - that the icon on the following pages indicates that the document is in PDF format.

Source: http://www.h2net.org.uk/

Clean energy plant for Abu Dhabi

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Fri, 02 May 2008 21:22:00 +0000

Why not all countries, especially big countries to do the same ????

21 January 2008 - Masdar, Abu Dhabi's initiative for renewable and alternative energy and clean technology, and Hydrogen Energy, today announced the signing of an agreement to work together on the front-end engineering design of an industrial-scale hydrogen-fired power generation project with CCS.

The Abu Dhabi project

What is Domain ?

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Tue, 29 Apr 2008 12:23:00 +0000

Domain, Sub-Domain, Park Domain, Ad-On Domain and Sub-Account Domain?

In general, a domain is an area of control or a sphere of knowledge.

1) In computing and telecommunication in general, a domain is a sphere of knowledge identified by a name. Typically, the knowledge is a collection of facts about some program entities or a number of network points or addresses.

2) On the Internet, a domain consists of a set of network addresses. This domain is organized in levels. The top level identifies geographic or purpose commonality (for example, the nation that the domain covers or a category such as "commercial"). The second level identifies a unique place within the top level domain and is, in fact, equivalent to a unique address on the Internet Lower levels of domain may also be used.

Strictly speaking, in the Internet's domain name system, a domain is a name with which name server records are associated that describe subdomains or host. For example, "whatis.com" could be a domain with records for "www.whatis.com" and "www1.whatis.com," and so forth.

3) In Windows NT and Windows 2000, a domain is a set of network resources (applications, printers, and so forth) for a group of users. The user need only to log in to the domain to gain access to the resources, which may be located on a number of different servers in the network.

Sub domain

Lets say your domain is aurino.com, you install a Message Board and put in in a directory called aurino.com/board/. You can turn the directory board into a sub-domain by adding it as a sub-domain from your Control Panel. Now you can access your Message board as either aurino.com/board
OR
board.aurino.com

Let's say you own the domain, abc.com. A sub domain of that would be something like newsite.abc.com.

Parked Domain

Suppose you have two domains aurino.com and other=site.org. The aurino.com is the domain of your website and you want to add other=site.org. You want them both to go to the same place. In other words, when someone types either www.aurino.com or www. other=site.org.com they will go to the same page(s) on your website. In order to have additional parked domains you need to purchase the additional domain(s). and Register Parked domains.
Let's say you own abc.com, but you also own abc.net, abc.biz, abc.org, etc. You want these domains to also point to your same abc.com site so you "Park" them to your primary site. Another classic example for Domain Parking is if you owned one domain such as mycompany.com but for marketing purposes also used other domains like accountingservices.com or autodetailing.com, etc. There's many good reasons for using multiple domains with a single account

Add-On Domains

You have two domains a aurino.com and other=site.org, and
You want the two domains to be totally separate/independent websites. In order to have additional parked domains you need to purchase the additional domain(s). Register Add-on domains.

Sub Account Domain

If you manage multiple web sites and want to control them under one simple plan, you will need sub-account support. With a sub-account you may use either a sub-domain of your primary domain name (example: something.abc.com) or you can use an entirely different domain. Sub-accounts have their own unique web site, emails, CGI, PHP, MySQL, Stats, etc. for each sub-account, all connected by 1 single control panel.

Grant Proposal Writing Tips

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Mon, 21 Apr 2008 06:30:00 +0000

Preparation

You are likely to find preliminary grant writing steps to be the most time consuming, yet most vital aspect of the process. If done well, your prepartory work will simplify the writing stage.

1. Define your project

Clarify the purpose of your project and write a concise mission statement.

Define the scope of work to focus your funding search.

Determine the broad project goals, then identify the specific objectives that define how you will focus the work to accomplish those goals.

Example:

Goal: To improve production quality.

Objective 1: Recruit advanced production talent.

Objective 2: Train mid-level producers.

Objective 3: Upgrade production equipment.

These goals and objectives suggest the proposal will request support for recruitment activity, production training, and equipment purchase. In contrast, a different proposal with the same goal might focus only on equipment upgrades.

Decide who will benefit. Benefits may extend beyond the direct beneficiary to include the audience, other institutions, etc.

Draft expected project outcomes in specific measurable terms.

Draft a timeline that includes the planning phase, the period of searching for funds, proposal writing, and the intended project start date. Periodically update the timeline as you learn more about submission deadlines, award timetables, etc.

2. Identify the right funding sources

Foundation centers, computerized databases, station development offices, publications, and public libraries are some of the resources available to assist your funding search.

Do not limit your funding search to one source.

Look for a match between your project and the grants you seek by looking for consistency between the purpose and goals of your project and the funder. In addition, pinpoint specific funding priorities and preferences.

Make direct contact with funders to support projects like yours.

Request proposal guidelines. Also request a list of projects previously funded through this specific grant program. Perhaps an annual report is available.

Inquire about the maximum amount available. Also, find out the average size and funding range of awards.

Determine if funding levels of the grants you select are appropriate for your project. Note whether there is a funding floor or ceiling.

Find out whether the funder has other grant sources for which your project is eligible.

3. Contact the funders

Think of the funder as a resource.

Identify a project officer who will address your questions.

Some funders offer technical assistance, others do not. Ask for technical assistance, including a review of proposal drafts.

Inquire about how proposals are reviewed and how decisions are made.

Inquire about budgetary requirements and preferences. Are matching funds required? Is in-kind acceptable as a portion of applicants' share? What may be counted as in-kind, and how might it be applied? Learn about payment processes, including cash flow.

Remember, the contacts you make may prove invaluable, even if not for now.

4. Acquire proposal guidelines

Read the guidelines carefully, then read them again. Ask the funder to clarify your questions.

Guidelines usually tell you about:

submission deadlines
eligibility
proposal format: award levels forms, margins, spacing, evaluation process and restrictions on the number criteria of pages, etc.
review timetable
budgets
funding goals and priorities
award levels
evaluation process and criteria
whom to contact
other submission requirements

5. Know the submission deadline

Plan to submit your proposal on or preferably before the deadline.

Determine what format the funder requires for submission.

Be realistic about whether you have time to prepare a competitive proposal that meets the deadline.

Know the funder's policies on late submissions, exceptions, and mail delays.

Find out how the funder will notify you about the receipt and status of your proposal. Factor this information into your timeline.

6. Determine personnel needs

Identify required personnel both by function and, if possible, by name. Contact project consultants, trainers, and other auxilliary personnel to seek availability, acquire permission to include them in the project, and negotiate compensation. Personnel compensation is important budget information.

7. Update your timeline

This is a good point at which to update your timeline, now that you know about submission deadlines and review timetables. Factor into your schedule time to write multiple drafts, solicit project officer for review of draft, gather relevant and permissible materials, and prepare an impartial critique of your proposal for clarity, substance, and form.

Writing the Proposal

Structure, attention to specifications, concise persuasive writing, and a reasonable budget are the critical elements of the writing stage. There are many ways to organize proposals. Read the guidelines for specifications about required information and how it should be arranged. Standard proposal components are: the narrative, budget, appendix of support material, and authorized signature. Sometimes proposal applications require abstracts or summaries, an explanation of budget items, and certifications.

1. Narratives

Statement of need

Purpose, goals, measurable objectives, and a compelling, logical reason why the proposal should be supported. Background provides perspective and is often a welcome component.

Approach

Method and process of accomplishing goals and objectives, description of intended scope of work with expected outcomes, outline of activities, description of personnel functions with names of key staff and consultants, if possible.

Method of evaluation

Some require very technical measurements of results. Inquire about expectations.

Project timeline

Paints a picture of project flow that includes start and end dates, schedule of activities, and projected outcomes. Should be detailed enough to include staff selection and start dates.

Credentials

Information about the applicant that certifies ability to successfully undertake the proposed effort. Typically includes institutional or individual track record and resumes.

Tips on Writing the Narrative:

Narratives typically must satisfy the following questions:

What do we want?
What concern will be addressed and why it is important?
Who will benefit and how?
What specific objectives can be accomplished and how?
How will results be measured?
How does this funding request relate to the funders purpose, objectives, and priorities?
Who are we (organization, independent producer) and how do we qualify to meet this need?

The HOOK:

There are many ways to represent the same idea. However, the HOOK tailors the description of the idea to the interest of a particular funder.The HOOK aligns the project with the purpose, and goals of the funding source. This is a critical aspect of any proposal narrative because it determines how compelling reviewers will perceive your proposal to be.

2. Budget

Budgets are cost projections. They are also a window into how projects will be implemented and managed. Well-planned budgets reflect carefully thought out projects. Be sure to only include those things the funder is willing to support.

Funders use these factors to assess budgets:

Can the job be accomplished with this budget?
Are costs reasonable for the market - or too high or low?
Is the budget consistent with proposed activities?
Is there sufficient budget detail and explanation?

Many funders provide mandatory budget forms that must be submitted with the proposal.

Don't forget to list in-kind and matching revenue, where appropriate. Be flexible about your budget in case the funder chooses to negotiate costs.

3. Supporting materials

Supporting materials are often arranged in an appendix. These materials may endorse the project and the applicant, provide certifications, add information about project personnel and consultants, exhibit tables and charts, etc. For projects that include collaborations or partnerships, include endorsements from the partnering agencies.

Policies about the inclusion of supporting materials differ widely among funders. Whether to allow them usually depends upon how materials contribute to a proposal's evaluation. Restrictions are often based on excess volume, the element of bias, and relevance.

Find out if supporting materials are desired or even allowed. Be prepared to invest the time to collect resources, produce a tape, document capability, update a resume, collect letters, include reference reports or whatever is needed.

4. Authorized Signatures

Authorized signatures are required. Proposals may be rejected for lack of an authorized signature. Be sure to allow the time to acquire a needed signature.

5. Specifications

Tailor proposal writing to specifications found in the guidelines. Include only the number of pages allowed. Observe the format. Is there a form to complete? Must the proposal be typed, double spaced, on 8-1/2 x 11 inch pages? Are cover pages allowed or desired? Caution! — the beautifully bound proposal is not always appreciated or allowed. Be concise. Elaborations should add depth and scope, not page fillers. Be prepared to write one or more drafts.

6. Submission checklist

The complete proposal must be submitted on time in the requested format with the requested number of copies and original authorized signatures.

Address the proposal as directed in the guidelines.

Be sure to include required documentation.

Follow-up

Contact the funding source about the status, evaluation, and outcome of your proposal. It is important to request feedback about a proposal's strengths and weaknesses, although this information is sometimes unavailable, especially with a large volume of submissions.

Reference information may also be useful if you choose to approach the same or different funder again with your idea.

Tips for Writing a Business Proposal

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Mon, 21 Apr 2008 06:19:00 +0000

Business in the nineties means fierce competition, aggressive marketing and strategic alliances. The extent to which a business succeeds or fails often depends upon that business's ability to be awarded contracts or to attract other businesses into Joint Ventures or strategic alliances. To accomplish either one usually requires two key items: good ideas and the ability to present those good ideas in a superbly developed business proposal.

Business proposals are developed for one of two possible reasons.

(1) A business entity has called for tenders or has invited you to submit a RFP (Request for Proposal). In this case, your goal is to be "short listed," meaning that you will be one of the three or four bidders who is awarded an interview. Your proposal must stand among possibly dozens of submissions.

(2) You have an idea, concept or project that you want to propose to someone with the goal of gaining support, funding or an alliance. In this case, there is no competitive bidding process. However, your proposal must make a favourable impression and must explain all aspects of your proposed concept clearly and quickly. A document that is vaguely written, difficult to understand or that presents more questions than answers will likely be discarded promptly.

The following eleven tips are guidelines that I keep in mind when I develop a business proposal for a client of my writing service:

1. Clarity.

Before you begin to write the proposal, summarize the concept in 2-3 sentences, then show it to a lay person and check for understanding. If they don't grasp the basic idea, rewrite until they do. Until you can do this, you are not ready to start writing the proposal. How many times have you received a document that you had to read over and over before you comprehended the meaning? When this happens, it may be because your comprehension skills are under- developed, but it's more likely that the writer substituted clarity of thought and good document structure with sloppy thinking, wordy, rambling explanations, vague descriptions and heavy reliance on buzzwords and jargon. It's worth saying once again: If you can't summarize it in 2-3 sentences, you are not ready to start writing.

2. Strive to communicate, not to impress.

If you have a good idea and you communicate that idea clearly and effectively, the recipients will be impressed. If you try to baffle them with your brilliance, you'll lose ground.

3. Error Free:

Your proposal will be competing with proposals prepared by professional writers, graphic designers and desktop publishers. You may not have those resources at your disposal, but you can be fastidious about checking for typing, spelling and grammatical errors. Spell checkers can only go so far; the rest is up to you. Ask someone else to check your document for errors before you submit it, or wait a few days before rereading it. If you have worked on a document intensely, you will "learn" to interpret errors as being correct. It takes a fresh eye to spot the typos.

4. Print and Bind:

Print your document on good quality, heavy- bond paper, using either a laser printer or a good-quality bubble jet. Take it to an office service for backing and binding. For less than $10, you can produce a nicely done, professionally presented package.

5. Layout:

When laying out your document, format it so the body of the text appears in the right two-thirds of the page. The one-third of the page to the left contains titles and white space. The white space to the left allows the reader to make notes. This sounds like a trivial matter, but it elicits positive reactions from recipients.

6. Visual Elements:

Include visual elements sporadically throughout your document. Logos, clip art, graphs, charts, tables and other elements greatly enhance the visual appeal of your document and make it easier for many people to read and comprehend. Pages of pure text are tiring to the eye and a challenge to the attention span. Additionally, many people are visually oriented, meaning the preferred method of learning is through imagery and not text.

7. Title Page.

Begin with a Title Page that includes images (graphics, pictures, etc.), the name of the proposal recipient, the name of the project, your company name and address, the date, and your copyright symbol.

8. Be Politically Correct.

Whether you support political correctness or whether you don't, the issue here is to avoid offending the people who will receive your proposal document. Avoid any language that can be construed as offensive to any group of people - including women, men, persons with disabilities, persons belonging to visible minorities, senior citizens, and so on. If you're not certain of correct terminology, consult with someone knowledgeable before submitting your proposal.

9. Write for Global Audiences:

Emerging technologies, immigration policies and agreements like NAFTA have produced a global marketplace. Documents nowadays should be written with the understanding that they may be evaluated by persons living in other countries or by persons for whom English is a second language. Even if you are submitting your proposal to a local business, they may well have joint ventures with international companies, and these companies may be asked to peruse your document. Unless your proposal is local to a specific geographic area, avoid references that would not be understood by persons living in other areas (or explain these references if you must use them). Also, avoid the use of slang or expressions from pop culture. When persons from other cultures study the English language, they are taught to speak formal, correct English. They are often unfamiliar with the use of slang terms.

10. Jargon Free:

Every industry has its own particular "language" - words, terms and expressions that are common to that industry but foreign to people from other industries. Avoid the use of jargon, or if you must use it, explain it. For example, expressions like "branding," "turnkey solution," "E-commerce" are not necessarily understood by everyone who is doing business. Also remember that your proposal may go to a committee that is comprised of people from various walks of life. Make sure they understand what you are talking about.

11. Technology.

What was just said about jargon goes double for technology. If your proposed project involves the use of technologies, be very careful with your explanation. The persons reading the document may have little or no technological background. Therefore, in the body of the proposal, it's usually recommended that you explain your technology in terms of what it will do - i.e. "A data base that members can use to search for information about your products." There is a place for detailed information about the technology that you are proposing - and that spot is the appendix. In many cases, a non-technically oriented business will engage a technology consultant to review your proposed technology. This person can use the detailed explanations that you include in the appendix while other readers will be able understand the proposal itself.

Keep these guidelines in mind and you will be off to a good start with your next business proposal!

Source: June Campbell is a professional writer whose work has appeared in a variety of international print publications. She also provides business writing services as well as offering online sales of "How-to Booklets and Templates for Business" from her Web site.

Entering Formula – Memasukkan Rumus

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Mon, 14 Apr 2008 17:58:00 +0000

Memasukkan Rumus

Excel tidak memerlukan perintah khusus dalam memasukkan rumus. Yang selalu diperlukan dalam dalam hal ini adalah tanda sama dengan (=). Semua rumus harus dimulai dengan tanda sama dengan ini

Walaupun excel menampilkan seluruh rumus di formula bar dengan huruf besar semua, akan tetapi excel tidak memerlukan rumus yang ditulis dengan huruf besar semua, jadi cukup masukan rumus dengan huruf kecil semua atau huruf besar semua dan bahkan kombinasi huruf besar dan kecil..

Semua rumus dalam excel (sum, average, etc.) menempatkan sel data dalam tanda kurung. Sebagai contoh

=sum (a1:a5) benar,
=sum a1:a5 salah.

Entering Excel Formulas

Excel has no special requirements when it comes to entering formulas. The one always necessary item is the equal sign (=). All formulas must begin with an equal sign.

Although Excel will display all formulas in uppercase in the Formula Bar, Excel doesn't care about the case at all. When you enter formulas, you can save yourself some trouble by just entering them in lowercase.

All formulas (sum, average, etc.) place data cells in parentheses. For example

=sum (a1:a5) works, but

=sum a1:a5 won't work.

Buat Grafik Excel – A Default Excel Chart

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Mon, 14 Apr 2008 17:21:00 +0000

A Default Excel Chart

The easiest and quickest way to create a chart in Excel is to highlight the cell range you want to include in the chart and press F11. This creates the default column chart. Excel will create the chart on a separate Chart sheet.
To test this, type data into cells A1 through C3 and then select the range and press F11.

Pembuatan Grafik deng Excel

Cara paling cepat dan mudah dalam membuat grafik di Excel adalah dengan cara memilih range sel yang datanya akan dimasukkan ke dalam grafik kemudian tekan F11. Untuk mencobanya, maka masukan data ke sel A1 s/d C3 dan kemudian pilih range tersebut dan selanjutnya tekan F11.

Clear Excel Formatting - Menghapus Format Sel

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Mon, 14 Apr 2008 17:12:00 +0000

How To Clear Excel Formatting

If you have modified the cell formats in a range of cells, and now need to get back to the original formatting without losing data, select the cells you want to clear and choose Edit/Clear/Formats. Doing so will take you back to the default format and will leave your data intact.

Menghapus format sel dalam Excel

Jka kita memodifikasi format sel atau beberapa sel, kemudian kita ingin mengembalikan ke format aslinya tapi tidak menghapus datanya, maka kita dapat melakukan hal tersebut dengan perintah Edit/Clear/Formats. Dengan demikian kta akan mendapatkan kembali format awal dengan tetap memiliki data yang telah diketikan di dalam sel maupun beberapa sel

Eliminate unwanted blank Word pages with pagination formatting

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Wed, 09 Apr 2008 15:57:00 +0000

You just sent your Word document to a colleague in another office. When she prints out the document on her computer, the pages break at odd places; it even prints out a blank page in the middle of the document. When you print it out on your printer, however, it prints perfectly. What could have caused these pagination errors? Different printers paginate differently. You can avoid many of these pagination errors by eliminating manual page breaks in your document. Instead, use pagination formatting.

For example, to type a bibliography on its own page, you could click after the last paragraph of your document and press [Ctrl][Enter] to set a manual page break — or, to use pagination formatting, follow these steps:

Begin typing your bibliography in the line immediately after the last paragraph of your document.
Click in the first line of your bibliography.
Go to Format | Paragraph. (In Word 2007, click the Home tab, and then in the Paragraph group, click the Dialog Launcher.)
In the Paragraph dialog box, click on the Line And Page Breaks tab.
Click the Page Break Before check box, then click OK.

Pagination formatting also lets you keep two paragraphs together on the same page, as well as all lines of a single paragraph on the same page. To use pagination formatting to keep all lines of a paragraph together, follow these steps:

Click in the paragraph.
Go to Format | Paragraph. (In Word 2007, click the Home tab, and then in the Paragraph group, click the Dialog Launcher.)
In the Paragraph dialog box, click the Line And Page Breaks tab.
Click the Keep Lines Together check box, then click OK.

To keep two paragraphs together on the same page, follow these steps:

Click in the paragraph.
Go to Format | Paragraph. (In Word 2007, click the Home tab, and then in the Paragraph group, click the Dialog Launcher.)
In the Paragraph dialog box, click the Line And Page Breaks tab.
Click the Keep With Next check box, then click OK.

Excel 2007 Conditional Formating

noreply@blogger.com (Aurino Djamaris) — Wed, 09 Apr 2008 15:51:00 +0000

Fitur visualisasi data 'Excel' 2007 secara otomatis memberi setiap sel untuk nilai yang sesuai dengan dalam satu range warna, ikon, atau bar data. Jika anda sedang mengevaluasi atau membedakan yang hanya sedikit, maka dengan mudah untuk melihat data yang mana yang sesuai dengan target anda. Tetapi bagaimana jika anda sedang menguji serangkaian datayang lebih dari 100 baris? Dalam hal ini, anda akan memerlukan format conditional (format bersyarat) *Excel' yang bisa dipergunakan untuk memberikan tanda hanya sel-sel yang nilainya diluar jangkauan target nilai anda inginkan.

Sebagai contoh, misalnya kita ingin member tanda untuk sel-sel yang nilainya lebih besar dari 100 dengan tanda X. Langkah yang harus dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut:

Pilih range of data yang akan di format bersyarat.
Pada Menu/Tab Home, dalam kelompok Styles, klik mouse pada Conditional Formatting, kemudian klik pada Icon Sets .
Pilih 3 Symbols
(Uncircled) yaitu tanda .
Klik lagi pada Conditional Formatting, kemudian klik pada Highlight Cell Rules | Less Than.
Pada kotak Dialog Less Than, masukkan 100.
Klik panah kotak drop-down With dan pilih Custom Format, kemudian klik tombol OK dua kali.
Klik Conditional Formatting, kemudian klik Manage Rules.
Klik pada cek boks Stop If True untuk aturan Cell Value < 100.
Klik pada aturan Icon Set, kemudian klik pada tombol Edit Rule di atasnya.
Pada dialog Edit Formatting Rule, klik cek boks Reverse Icon Order di bagian bawah kotak dialog.
Klik panah drop-down >= dari Value list pertama dan pilih >.
Klik panah drop-down Type
Value list pertama dan pilih Number.
Klik pada teks boks Value pertama dan masukkan 100.
Klik pada panah drop-down Type untuk Value kedua dan pilih Number.
Klik OK twice.

Hssilnya adalah, warna orange untuk nilai data di atas 100. Dan "Tanda Seru" untuk nilai yang sama dengan 100, sedangkan nilai yang ada di bawah seratur tidak diformat.

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