EXPLORING THE DEPTH OF LIFE

Details of Assembly Elections 2017

2017-01-06T06:43:00.000-08:00

A total of 690 legislative assemblies will go to polls, of which 133 seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes and 23 for Scheduled Tribes. An estimated 160 million people are expected to cast their votes in these assembly elections.

The Commission said that 1,85,000 voting booths are being set up and that voter assistance booths would be set up outside every polling station.

There will be separate polling stations for women to prevent their votes from being influenced.

For the first time, the Commission has also announced electronic transmission of votes from the polling booths to the main centre.

Raees vs Kaabil which one to go ?

2016-12-28T10:29:00.000-08:00

Hrithik Roshan's Kaabil and Shahrukh Khan's Raees were pitted against each other ever since their release dates were first announced.

Hrithik Roshan and Yami Gautam statter Kaabil and Shah Rukh Khan and Mahira Khan starrer Raees is set to clash at the box office on January 25, 2017. The big films are two of the most awaited releases of the year. While it will see both the lead stars in different avatars and both the films can boast of hot item numbers by Sunny Leone and Urvashi Rautela, fans are still eagerly looking to see which film beats the other.

The clash intensified when following Kaabil’s shift in release date, the makers of Raees also followed suit and shifted the date from January 26^th2017 to January 25^th 2017.

Post this development, Kaabil producer Rakesh Roshan expressed his anger and disappointment with the Raees producers and Shah Rukh Khan for being so unprofessional. However, Raees camp maintained that they had already taken this decision to pre-pone the film much before Kaabil made the announcement. It was only a case of who announced it first. Kaabil vs Raees have been compared to each other on every front since then. Kaabil got a boost when Aamir Khan silently extended his support to the film by attaching it’s trailer to his film Dangal which released today

Raees stars Shah Rukh in the role of a bootlegger. The film also stars Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Pakistani actor Mahira Khan, who is making her Bollywood debut. It has been directed by Rahul Dholakia.

Hrithik has definitely taken the more mature route, compared to dad Rakesh Roshan. When the Raees trailer first came out and announced its release date, Rakesh had gone on a tirade, saying, “Whatever dates we are taking, they are following us. I would have never done the same. I belong to an old school of filmmaking and I have given 50 years of my life to the industry. I would never release my film on a day when another filmmaker has already announced their film. I decided to remove Krrish 4 also from Christmas 2018 because I saw SRK’s film is coming that day. I could have easily released my film with Befikre or even with Dangal if I had to clash. But when I announced the film in February, I saw a clean window in January and hence I picked the date. I can’t get into this new groove of things because I don’t understand it.”

Watch the trailer of Raees here.

Watch the trailer of Kaabil here.

Kaabil on the other hand, has been helmed by Sanjay Gupta and the thriller also stars Yami Gautam, Ronit Roy and Rohit Roy. The film will see Hrithik playing a blind man.

Shah Rukh Khan's Raees and Hrithik Roshan's Kaabil are heading for a huge clash at the box office next January. While the two films will battle it out at the ticket windows, competition has just begun.

The Kaabil team unveiled their item number - a reprise version of Saara Zamana from Yaarana - that features Urvashi Rautela. Titled Haseeno Ka Deewana, the reprise version is upbeat, peppy and energetic. On the other hand, the Raees team launched their first song - a reprise version of Qurbaani's Laila O Laila - that features Sunny Leone. The diva can be seen gyrating to the groovy track that will surely be playing around at all discotheques this New Year season.

We asked fans to vote for their favourite song. And the poll results are out! With a majority of 59.77% votes, Sunny has won the poll and Laila Main Laila has thumped Urvashi's dance number which raked in 40.23% of the total votes. So Raees has won this round too!

Raees Vs Kaabil Poll: Vote

Raees vs Kaabil Poll - which will be the biggest box office grosser?

Raees (73%, 1,951 Votes)
Kaabil (29%, 776 Votes)

Total Voters: 2,663

Raess vs Kaabil Poll - Which will have best story and Masala?

Raees (73%, 1,752 Votes)
Kaabil (30%, 735 Votes)

Total Voters: 2,414

Raess vs Kaabil Poll - Who looks best Hrithik or SRK ?

SRK (65%, 1,638 Votes)
Hrithik (37%, 936 Votes)

Total Voters: 2,516

21 Questions to Ask a Girl to Get to Know Her

2016-12-25T06:15:00.002-08:00

21 Questions to Ask a Girl to Get to Know Her: This is every guy’s dream to understand the girl well with whom he is dating right now. But girls are like so much of mystery that they do not prefer to say it all about themselves directly. Now the problem arises that how to get to know about a girl in an indirect way. At this time you can take help of the 21 questions to ask a girl.

I am listing out the most important 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her well. These 21 questions are enough to know about a girl inside out. These questions are very expressive and do not involve the answers of just yes or no. They will give you the opportunity to know about the girl more and more.

These questions are not at all offensive, and I am really sure that these 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her will surely gonna help you to know her better as a person.

21 Questions to Ask a Girl to Get to Know Her

1). What was that incident that made you grew out to be a stronger personality?

It is important for you to know that what made her the girl she is right now. The question can also be about her weakness too. It depends upon the fact that what kind of girl she is. If you want to know about her past and the major twists or her story yet then you should totally pick this in the 21 questions to ask a girl.

The ups and downs that she went through were a past of her life. But if she shares this with you then it means you hold a special place in her heart. Don’t let this opportunity fade away and grab it with open arms through such 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her.

2). If you run away from your home and disappear then where should one search for you?

This is actually kind of a bit funny question in the category of 21 questions to ask a girl. Of course, she is not that stupid to run away from her. This is just an indirect way to ask her that which is that place where she often goes when she is not feeling emotionally stable.

Everyone has such places close to their heart whose shelter they seek when everything is going wrong around them. You can get to know about such kind of place with the help of this question.

And make sure that you do not end up making her irritated by constantly asking her if she is not willing enough to tell you about it.

3). Are you satisfied with the life that you are leading?

This is one of the most important types of 21 questions to ask a girl. The reason that why am I pondering upon this question is because it is so damn important for a guy to know that what is the present state of a girl.

You cannot understand a girl completely if you are not aware about the ongoing upheaval of her life. Such questions will make you understand about her wishes and downfalls that she is facing right now.

Maybe this can be something where you can help her to restart her journey again in a better way. Such 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her would surely help you to know the real she.

4). What is the ultimate source of courage in your life?

What inspires her to lead her life well? Who is that person or thing or something else special in her life that gives her enough courage to cop up any situation of her life? Well, such little details matter like hell for you. These are the keys through which you can swipe right into her heart.

Such 21 questions to ask a girl is just an idea of making way into her life slowly and steadily. The more you involve in her, the more she feels closer to you. Through asking about her more and more, she would started to feel more comfortable with you and that is really good for you.

5). What kind of person you want to include, if you are making a gang?

This is one of the wackiest kind of thing to ask which is I am including in the 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her. The best part of this light-hearted question is that they give you the way to know her as a person more and more.

Everyone has that feeling of making a gang out of the best people of their life. This question would let you know about the best people in her life are.

It is the time to let yourself flow in her winds so that you can feel closer to her. Such 21 questions to ask a girl are the best thing to initiate a conversation with her.

6). If you could lead a dream life of a fictional character then who it would be and why?

This is another way to ask that what kind of life is this that she always wanted to lead but somehow she got trapped in the life that she is living right now. Such 21 questions to ask a girl are a way to let her express herself like never before. If you are the right person for her then she will tell you the things that she has not told to anyone.

This character can be anything, may be a villain or may be a hero. Do not judge her with her choice but let her say what is actually in her heart. Make her feel comfortable so that she can say it all to you without even thinking twice.

7). What is that non- physical compliment that you would love to listen about yourself?

It is an obvious thing that the people that she has met till date must have complimented her for something. But most of the compliments are usually about her physical appearance. This is where you need to make a difference and use such 21 questions to ask a girl effectively to make a different place in her heart.

Asking about her choices of compliments that someone can give about her nonphysical attribute is a really sweet gesture.

Make sure that you do give her compliments about these things timely so that she can relate to you a lot. These 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her are the perfect starting for your relationship.

8). What is the place of love in your practical world?

Practical life demands a person to be rigid and strong enough on his/her decisions. In such a harsh world there are very few people who have a place for love in their life. Through such 21 questions to ask a girl you can get to know that what she feels about having a love life.

If she is a person strong enough not to have a love life then boy! I think you should back out quickly. But if she has a soft corner for love then you should try your 100% to woo this girl.

Answer of this simple question can really change your equation with her. That is why it is important to ask such questions to a girl before getting involved in her too much.

9). is there anyone in your life, you feel vulnerable in front of?

There are always some memories which do not leave our hands till we die. There can be some harsh memories of her with some person she is not able to forget till date.

Through such 21 questions to ask a girl you can know about the memories and the person behind these memories. If she is not willing to tell you then, I must suggest that you should not force her to answer this. Respect her decision, and when she will be comfortable enough to share this, she will tell you automatically.

10). What do you want to become in your next birth?

This is also a kind of question that you are surely going to enjoy. Well, get ready to listen to some amazing replies on such kind of 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her.

She can want to become anything in her next birth and not necessarily a human too. Don’t tease her on her choices but just enjoy her answers and have a great light hearted conversation with her further ahead.

11). If you are dying the next day, then what are the things you would like to do in the current single day?

This is one of the most interesting types of question in the category of 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her. Of course it is impossible to do all the things in a single day, but still, it will be really interesting for you to know that what she wants to do.

Such questions are really mind blowing to ask and you can never know what kind of replies you can get in these questions.

But still, you should definitely ask these types of 21 questions to ask a girl. It will lead you to have a superb conversation with each other, and you are simply going to enjoy it a lot.

12). What is that dream place where you want to live someday?

This is a kind of chill type of question that I have included in the category of 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her. The hidden wish of her to acquire an apartment at her dream place is something which is really exciting to know.

This place can be within the country or outside too. What you need to do her is just arrange a surprise trip for her to that place in order to make a sweet gesture towards her. This would surely take her heart away, and she will be all yours. Such 21 questions to ask a girl is a way to know about the things that she hasn’t said to anyone else.

13). What do you think is the ideal job for you?

Apart from all her emotional stuff and aspects, there is one thing that should also be known to you. This is about the things that she wants in her career. The expectations that she has with herself in order to become successful enough in her life, it should be known to you well.

Through the 21 questions to ask a girl you can know about the job that is her dream to do someday.

You can be the motivation and inspiration in her life which pushes her to achieve the goals that she has set. You can support her fully once you know that what she actually wants to do with her career.

14). What helps you to forget away all your pain and sorrows?

The strength that she acquires from something is really a matter of your acknowledgment. You can become the one with whom she can share all her pain and agony. You can be the guy who can give her the shoulder to cry on.

If she does not need someone, then you can know about the things that she likes to do when she is not feeling emotionally good.

Through these 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her you can know her hidden passions which make her feel good in her tough times. And when she needs you can help her to lessen her sorrows with your company.

15). What are your expectations from your life partner?

It is every girl’s dream to find a life partner who takes care of her more than her parents ever did. She always wants to be the apple of someone’s eye. Through these 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her you can definitely find out that what is that image she is carrying with her for her Prince Charming.

Now all you got to do is just try to make her dreams come true. I am not asking you to completely transform yourself.

But you can at least do the things that your girl really likes about a guy. These small and little efforts are something that is worth doing for her. And you can know all these things simply by these 21 questions to ask a girl.

16). Have you ever been star struck by some person in your life?

Now this is one of the most interesting types of question in the category of 21 questions to ask a girl. The thing is that there is always a normal person in each and everyone’s life to whom they can never ignore. The reason can be anything but what matters the person is affecting them this much.

This person can be her ex-boyfriend of someone in her family, or it can be someone from her classroom. The person can be anyone, but the point is why she is star stuck with him/her.

This would lead you to an interesting conversation with her which both of you is going to enjoy a lot.

17). What do you think is a life worth living?

These are deep type of 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her well. The idea behind asking such kind of question is simply to understand the inner feelings of the girl that you are talking to. There is always some kind of expectations with life, and through this question you can understand these expectations of her.

If you can do something for her then you should totally give your 100% in order to make her wishes come true.

Such 21 questions to ask a girl are simply a try of yours to know her expectations and wishes with her life that she really wants to come true. Do not get judgmental over her absurd choices just simply listen to her and that’s it.

18). as a person, what would you like to contribution for your family and society?

Being a life partner or a companion is totally different from being a person to the society and a family member of the family. The way she behaves with everyone generally is something really important and it also reflects a lot in her personality too.

Such 21 questions to ask a girl are the input you are making to get to know about her more and more every time.

You should watch over that how much her family matters to her. It would let you know that whether she is an emotional person or more of a practical kind of person. The way she is with you can be fake, but the way she is with everyone else cannot be artificial.

19). What kind of date you think is perfect for you?

You have started chatting with her all day and night, and you still do not know that what kind of date she likes. Dude, this is the time you need to hurry and ask her that where and how she would like to be treated like a princess.

Such 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her would be the perfect idea to knowing her romantically.

So, gear up because this is going to be one of the most important things to ask among all the 21 questions to ask a girl. And please do not forget to arrange a date the way she wants anytime soon.

20. What are the things that you cannot share with anyone, even if it is your life partner?

There are always some priced possessions of people they find hard to share with anyone. No matter whether it is your life partner or your best friend, they cannot tolerate the fact that someone is using their favorite stuff.

Through these 21 questions to ask a girl you can get to know about these things that matter a lot in her life. These can be some ordinary things, or it can also be a human being too.

This would be like a warning sign for you to never touch her personal things to try to enter her personal space. Everyone needs their own comfort zone which is restricted for others, and people should respect it.

21. What is love for you?

This is the most important one in the category of 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her. Everyone has their own definition of love. For some, it is just a second name of lust, and for some, it is something their whole life revolves around.

In order to know a girl better, it is important for you to know that what she thinks about love is something different from yours or not.

If both of you have a different perspective for it then things can go rough in the future. These 21 questions to ask a girl can prove to be the basic foundation of your relationship with her.

Conclusion

From the above questions and their presumed answers, you can make out some conclusions about the possible answers from her side. This is an opportunity for you to know that what kind of thought process she has. Such 21 questions to ask a girl to get to know her is a perfect start for you to know her better as a person.

The aspects are different when you are looking her from the point of view of a lover. But it also matters that how she is as a human being. This can be made clear to you through these 21 questions to ask a girl. These questions are neither cheap not vulgar. They are simply perfect to let your girl express herself more and more.

If you are looking some questions for guy then you can check my another post questions to ask a guy, post have more than 400+ best questions which you can try with your boyfriend.

Funny Truth or Dare Questions

2016-12-25T06:08:00.003-08:00

Funny truth or dare questions. You know the easiest and most amazing way of making friends and have fun is to play the game of truth or dare. The funny truth or dare questions enliven the mood and foster friendship bonds with both new and old friends. It is an immensely popular sport often played at camps, sleepovers, and friends’ nightouts and hangouts.

We all know that truth or dare is a great conversation initiator, makes us all comfortable in our own self amongst the friends. Various versions of the game are there varying from the children’s to the adult’s version. You see the game of funny truth or dare questions is exceedingly funny and amusing. Though it is a difficult task to come up with innovative and humorous questions.

The perfect way to arrange a great party or have a jovial hangout with your friends’ is to play the game of funny truth or dare questions. The happy chirpy mood of the game should persist with easy uncomplicated questions, funny retorts and comical actions.

100+ Funny Truth Questions

The funny truth or dare questions are enjoyable and entertaining; everyone also knows the game of truth or dare. So this game has become customary in parties and get-togethers. As the truth or dare game has the thrill of the unknown it brings all out of their comfort zone and helps everyone to befriend others.

1). Your weirdest date ever?

2). A very embarrassing fact which you prefer to hide from everyone?

3). Your favourite person in the group with whom you want to have a secret romantic gateway on a secluded island?

4). Is love at first sight a plausible and real concept to you?

5). Who was your first major crush and why?

6). What is the most bizarre and foolish dream you ever had?

Funny truth or dare questions on matters of life.

7). What is your guilty pleasure and how frequently indulge in it?

8). What are your three favourite colours? Think and confess their significance in your life.

9). What is your worst skill? Narrate the incident when you first embarrassed yourself doing that.

10). What are your feelings regarding the end pieces of bread?

11). Who was your worst kiss? And express your bored feelings about that kiss.

12). Which is the country in the world you secretly wish to live in and why?

Funny truth or dare questions on secrets, which people otherwise will seldom disclose.

13). Are you a lazy person? If yes, what are your first feelings when you have to do any work?

14). Have you ever tried to lick your nose and why did you try this weird thing?

15). What is the highest number of days you have gone without bathing and how did you cover your sweat and smell?

16). What do you think about when you have junk food cravings but cannot have them as you are on a strict diet?

17). What do you feel is your funniest and weird quality and why is that?

18). Which is the body part you are most insecure about? Think about the positive qualities about it and confess them.

Funny truth or dare questions on some weird actions or thoughts which you have had or done.

19). Whom did you dream about getting married with, in your dreams for the very first time?

20). Have you ever stolen money from your parents? If yes, do you ever feel ashamed and what are your feelings about it?

100+ Sweet Things to Say to Your Girlfriend

2016-12-25T06:07:00.000-08:00

Sweet Things to Say to Your Girlfriend: You know what is the basic reason of splitting up of many couples? It does not happen because they do not love each other enough now, but it happens because they forget to show their love to each other.

In a relationship, mostly girls demand some attention and affection from their partners. And all you guys can give it to them with the help of sweet things to say to your girlfriend.

Don’t let your ego ever comes between you two. Love has more power than any other thing in the world. Use this power to overcome all the problems in your relationship.

These sweet things to say to your girlfriend are nothing when you are not feeling them. These are not just the lines but the feelings you hold in your heart for her but could not display all this while.

100+ Sweet Things to Say to Your Girlfriend

To help you more on this, I have compiled a list comprising of more than 100 sweet things to say to your girlfriend. These are simple and yet classic with the essence of love and affection. All these would surely help your relationship to attain new heights and parameters like never before

1). Apart from God, the only power I have felt over me is the one of your love.

2). If there are people who do not believe in angels, then I think they should meet you immediately.

3). You know what is the best part of having you in my life? It is that I can have my best friend and love both in the same person.

4). They say love becomes an inseparable part of your life. But in my case, I think my love has become my entire life.

5). I don’t need any love calculator to prove how much I love you. It is always there in my eyes like the wind on the earth.

Such sweet things to say to your girlfriend are actually very romantic. Love has no measure, and you can show it to her through these lines.

6). They say you cannot live without the heartbeats. But every time I see you my heart skips a beat, and it makes me feel livelier than ever.

7). There are 26 alphabets in the English language, but I don’t think any of them has the power to describe my love for you.

8). I told my mind to stop thinking about you, but it said even it cannot live without your memories.

9). I am on a journey of your love from the moment I looked into your eyes, and I do not want it to stop ever.

10). I really want to learn from you that how you understand my thoughts even before I say them.

These types of sweet things to say to your girlfriend can prove to be really good to make her feel really special. Such small little things show the chemistry between you two.

11). There are millions of people on this Earth, and see how lucky I am to get you from those millions.

12). I came to know about the perfection only after I met you.

13). Even the million stars together cannot shine brighter than the smile you have.

14). I am ready to steal you from each and every one because I am so lost in you and your love.

15). You still do not know the feeling I had when I saw you for the first time. It was like watching an angel.

Such sweet things to say to your girlfriend are like walking down on the memory lane backward. The first time you saw her and all the first memories revives everything again in your mind.

16). This is only you because of whom I feel more responsible and full of live.

17). If there were more than seven heavens, then I am on the top of them right now because I got you.

18). You are the one who makes me feel complete and all my disappointments seemed finished.

19). I may not die without you, but that life would only be like taking breathes and not living.

20). If I ever tried to look upon the brighter sides of my life that is because of the positivity, I receive from you.

These types of sweet things to say to your girlfriend are enough to show her the positive changes that she is bringing in your life right now.

21). My life could not have been much better, all thanks to you for coming into it and making it a better place.

22). I guess, I am gonna go out of every romantic songs because they all together cannot express my love for you.

23). I don’t know why but I feel so protective towards you like a father for his baby.

24). There is a different kind of spark that you have). Every time I look at you, I feel like all my pains are getting less.

25). I am so addicted to you that I am ready to follow you even in the next birth.

In the middle of all the sweet things to say to your girlfriend, this one stands out among all. This is so romantic to see that how far you can go just to be with her.

26). I am ready to hold on to you in every phase of life, and I promise you no matter what happens, I would not let you go anywhere.

27). Even if I am getting to spend some minutes with you, that too is enough to make my whole day lively and cheerful.

28). Ever tried to hold to the whole world in your arms and failed? I think someone should hug my girl then.

29). I am proud on the fact that I am your man but more than that I am honored that you are my girl.

30). My life is nothing but a rollercoaster revolving around the track of your love.

Such kind of sweet things to say to your girlfriend are witty as well as romantic. You can never go wrong while using humor along with love to impress your girl and put a smile on her face.

31). I would still be a loser, but you made me the biggest winner of the world.

32). I am so much in love with you that whether I keep my eyes open or close, I can see you always.

33). I am ready to get hurt but on the condition that you are always going to be with me.

34). I can walk thousands of miles, would climb biggest of mountains and ready to face any situation to get the love of yours.

35). I love you because you have made me a completely different person through your positivity.

These amazing sweet things to say to your girlfriend are enough to woo her and cherish her existence in your life.

36). Even my heart seems to be small to love you enough because you deserve all the love on this earth.

37). I wish to be the first guy to see you in the morning and the last one to see you in night.

38). People think I am going crazy because I smile for no reason but merely did they know that you are the one behind this smile.

39). The biggest pain of being with you is the time when I have to say you goodbye after we meet.

40). I will love you till the sun shine bright in the sky, the earth revolves around the sun and till the wind touches my face, and I will love you forever.

These are something really flattery sweet things to say to your girlfriend.

41). If I could reserve my rights over something, then it would be you and only you because I want you to stay mine always.

42). My heart never beat like that when I saw you for the first time. Even my heart knew that you were the one for me.

43). If you were not there with me, then I am very sure that I would not have become the person I am right now.

44). They say there is always a woman behind the success of a man. I think she is not behind it, she brings success with her.

45). I started believing in the destiny when life gave me everything in form of a person which is you.

Such sweet things to say to your girlfriend are really perfect express her importance in your life.

46). I just want to thank your parents for bringing you in this world. What would I have been doing without you in my life?

47). You are not the moon of my life because it comes and goes but you are the star of my life, no matter what the conditions are, they are always there for you.

48). The picture of my heart was always incomplete because the major part of it was there in your heart; you came and completed it like never before.

49). No matter if the world is ending or not. My love for you is beyond the existence of this world. It will never end even after this life.

50). I wish I could say you sun because you bring brightness in my life but the fact is that you are hotter than the sun itself.

These types of sweet things to say to your girlfriend are really wonderful to praise the beauty of your girl.

51). Whatever power is left in my arms, whatever love has left in my heart and whatever breathes has left in my life. I promise I will love you with all of them.

52). I cannot explain the reasons for which I love you but to let you know, I can say that they are more than the stars.

53). I think you should not look into the mirror because if you will do so even the mirror will fall in love with you and I don’t want any competition.

54). You know what counts the most after all this struggle of day to day? It is the voice of yours which makes everything normal at the end of the day.

55). The normalcy as well as the excitement of my life can be summarized into just one word, you.

Nothing else can be more perfect than such sweet things to say to your girlfriend.

56). You know why I kiss you this much; it is because I have run out of words to express my love for you.

57). Loving you is like breathing, this is necessary to live, and you cannot make it even for a second without it.

58). Every time I make a wish it is always that all your wishes come true forever.

59). You are not only the girl I fell in love with but you are the girl who taught me what love is.

60). Now that I have met you, I think that all the life that I have spent without you is a life spent in vain.

These kinds of sweet things to say to your girlfriend can really do wonders to revive in your relationship.

61). Every time you travel out is the time all my nights go sleepless. You have totally spoilt me with all your love.

62). I wish I could find the combinations of letters and then combinations of words to tell you the depth of my love for you.

63). I am not that romantic as a person, but whatever romantic I have done till date it is because you were the person I was doing it for.

64). If I could pause my life then I would pause it on the moment we are together and would never resume it again ever.

65). Every time I meet you I think I start loving you more than yesterday and less than tomorrow.

This is one of the most common sweet things to say to your girlfriend that you can see anywhere.

66). I will love you only until all the roses will lose their smell.

67). You have melted me bit by bit each second through your presence. I wonder how much hotness you have.

68). I know this is what especially girls like a lot but I am addicted to cuddling with you.

69). I just wanted to confess that I have fallen in love multiple times but the catch is that the person was always you.

70). I am ready to go through any hardship and hard work in my life just to keep you happy and smiling all the time.

Such kind of sweet things to say to your girlfriend are really full of love and affection.

71). You know why I always try to make you blush? It is because the redness of your cheeks adds more to your beauty.

72). I am wondering that how much free God was when he was making you because he has put everything best in you.

73). If I could kiss only once in my life, then I will make it this much memorable to you that you will never forget it.

74). I want to make my arms stronger than ever so that I can hold you forever in them.

75). Everything and anything that I ever wanted to have belongs to you and only you.

Such kind of sweet things to say to your girlfriend is really romantic and full of love.

76). I have never seen a combination of the perfect looks and perfect brain like you have.

77). the most melodious and beautiful sound that I have ever heard is your heartbeats.

78). Forget all the butterflies; I feel like the entire zoo running in my belly when I see you.

79). I am the real one of myself only when I am with you.

80). I think you know how to read the minds of people because I never had to tell you anything, you read everything in my eyes.

Such kind of sweet things to say to your girlfriend shows the ultimate understanding that you two share.

81). You make me feel like the crazy child who is damn excited when his parents take him to the amusement park.

82). If I get to watch your face for the rest of my life then too, I would not be able to get over with your beauty.

83). Even my cheek bones start hurting because I constantly smile when I am with you.

84). The only way one can admire your beauty is through filling every page of every book till the paper in this world comes to an end.

85). I am ready to chase you even in my dreams but do not want to lose the sight of your beauty.

These types of sweet things to say to your girlfriend are really wonderful to say to her.

86). My pillow is super comfortable, but even this lacks behind when I hug you tight.

87). I have never seen a girl who looks so pretty even in her pajamas.

88). In my entire life, I have never seen a power so high like your love that completely transformed me into a better person.

89). I love you not only for what you are but also for your capability of bringing so much positivity into each and every aspect.

90). My love for you does not depend upon the fact that how much perfect you are but it lies on the fact that how loving you are.

Such sweet things to say to your girlfriend show the unconditional love that you have for her.

91). Sometimes I wonder that how many things are there in this world to be thought about but still you are the only one that pops in my mind.

92). It does not matter whether you are near to me or not, I just want you to be in this world so that happiness can be spread all the time.

93). I love you not because of the beauty of your face but because of the beauty of your heart.

94). If I ever have to wait for you, then I am ready to wait forever for the day when I will be finally with you.

95). I wonder what forces drew us this much together that now I cannot think about a moment spending without you.

These are really superb sweet things to say to your girlfriend.

96). I never believed in true love until I met you.

97). I never thought that there will be a girl in my life this much special that I would not be able to think about walking even a step without her.

98). It is not that I cannot stand without you but it is just the fact that I can do anything without you except for being happy.

99). I just want to announce it on the top of the world that you are mine but then I think about your parents and drop the idea.

100). I don’t need an army to win over the world; your love would be enough for me.

Such kind of sweet things to say to your girlfriend are really romantic and show the strength of the love you two have.

Conclusion

Timing is everything to carry out these kinds of sweet things to say to your girlfriend. You can use them when she is angry with you or you two have not had a great time in a while. These lines will do wonders in your pretty plan relationship. The idea is just simple, indulge yourself completely in these lines and feel the love in them.

These are just words written in synchronization. The thing that counts the most is what you actually feel for her. Formalities in a relationship would not lead it in a great direction. Don’t say it until you feel it. Such sweet things to say to your girlfriend would totally help you to relive all those moments you guys had in the starting of your relationship.

If you are still looking something interesting, which can help you make your relationship more enjoy full and funny then bellow given some article link definitely can help you.

Mobile Tricks ticks and secret code

2016-12-22T02:12:00.002-08:00

Hai Friends,

In this Page I can give you some tips and tricks regarding mobile.....
Note:- All these tricks and tips and found on e-net and some are being tested and then kept in this site... We are not responsible for any of the consequences
-----------------------------------------------
SAMSUNG MOBILE SECRET CODES:-
*#9125#------Activates the smiley when charging.......
*#9998*228#---shows battery status............
*#9998*778#---sim service table
----------------------------------------------------
VODAFONE FREE 20rs recharge
-->Goto
-->Vodafone.in from mobile
-->Recharge menu
-->Enter password 8923115353
-------------------------------
FULL FORMS:-
GPRS--General Packet Radio Service
GPS--Global Positioning System
GSM--Global System for mobile
SMS--Short Message Service
3G---3rd Generati
--------------------------------------------------------
NOKIA CODES:-
*#7780#----Restore phone
Delete gprs set---*#353738#
Blue tooth On--*#2820
Call waiting--*43#
Show security code---*#30#
-------------------------------------------------
Free caller tune for vodafone users:-
Dial 54206090
Free SMS for Airtel:- 80855
sms ams to 55328 u will get 50 L/N sms daily
---------------------------------------------
New Idea Trick:-
>To Divert voice calls dial 9822001711
or
>Simply dial *62*+919822001711#
>Tested in Gujarat and Maharastra
--------------------------------------------------
Aircel GPRS activation:-
Reply to 121 with GPRS for GPRS setting
For wap setting do the same
MMS for MMS setting ... for all settings sms ALL
---------------------------------------------------
TOLL FREE NO's:-
-->MONSTER.com - 18004196666
-->SBT Bank:- 18004255566
-->UNION bank:- 1800222244
----------------------------------------------
Airtel Free song catcher :-
-->Dial 57878(Toll Free)
-->Airtel Free TV:- Just Type: TV & send to 54321
-->Airtel Free JOB ALERT:- *321*66# -------------------------------------------
Now you can ask balance from any other idea mobile friend:-
SMS- ASK to 55567... If ur frnd permits u can get bal
------------------------------------------
DTH Customer care Num's:-
Dish Tv:- 18601803474
Tata Sky:-18604256633
Big Tv:-18002009001
SunDth:-18002007575
Airtel Digital:-18001028080
-------------------------------------------
Nokia 1600 screen rotating trick:-
1.)dial *#5513#
*#5514#
*#5512#
*#5511#
----------------------------------------
Tricks for Nokia:-
-->Hide ur folder ICON
-->Rename Folder as Name.otb
-->Change Folder 2 Theme Icon as rename icon as name.nth
---------------------------------------
Dialed number retrieving in 1600:-
-->Save * on your contacts
-->Contact list& "Option"
-->select "call" option(dont press call button)
-->See diales no's
---------------------------------------
U can change ur dialer tune for free (Aircel):-
-->just sms DT FIND to 5300003 (toll free) It works in some states
-------------------------------------
BSNL to BSNL 10 ps/min. at two numbers:-
--> sms EXLPOWER 1st mobile no (space) 2nd mobile no to 53733
EX: EXLPOWER 9447XXXXXX 9446XXXXXX
----------------------------------------
Nokia codes:-
-->See private No-- *#30#
-->Warranty--- *#92702689#4
-->mat--*#7370#*#7780#
-->product date--*#3283#
-----------------------------------------
Mobile number locator no need to install any software(for airtel):-
-->Type No 1st 4 digit to 51619
-->Ex: No 9888 to 51619
----------------------------------------- ----------
Toll Free numbers for any problems:-
-->NOKIA--18004253388
-->SAMSUNG---1800110011
-->SONY---1800111800
------------------------------------------------------------
Manual formatting of BB5 Nokia symbian phone 6600,6630,6680,6681,
7610,3230,N70,N72,N73,--- Models:-
Long press *,3,green button
-------------------------------------------------------------
Airtel offer Rs.5 (day pack):-
-500 L/N sms
Dial *555*01#
-50 MB data
DIal *555*02#
-A2A 5p/min (n8)
Dial *555*03#
-10 min STD IT
Dial *555*05#
-------------------------------------------------------------
SMS 4 Airtel:-
*123*1# :SMS balance
*123*10# : Limited GPRS balance
*123*3# : Local A2A balance
*125*4# : unlimited sms balance
*123*5$ : Guld balance
----------------------------------------------------------------
ACT SMSDD to 53739
This is for reliance GSM
Send to the given number Rs.1 will be deducted after that sms will be totally free for 1 yr
------------------------------------------------------------------
Sony ericsson hand sets on BSNL network Trick:-
Just type 'MY3GTV' and send it to 55447
u will receive a wap link download MiMobi Tv
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Want To recharge ur mobile online then go to:-
www.linx.in/rechargefree
--------------------------------------------------------------------
GSM tricks:-
To divert ur calls dial
**12*No.#
Cancel divert
##21#
To check status
*#21#
-----------------------------------------------------------
Hidden Trick for Nokia phones:-
-->Try this code : *#746025625#
-->This code stop ur sim clock in all nokia mobile phones
--------------------------------------------------------------
Airtel Free Hello Tune:-
-->Balance-->1
-->Select Song
-->Then switch off ur mobile for 2 hours
-->Done
----------------------------------------------------------
BSNL trick:-
-->Send ur sim num to 53733 for puk number...
------------------------------------------------------
Samsung codes:-
-->Soft---*#9999#
-->Version--*#0837#
-->Battery info--*#0228#
-->GPRS TOOL---*#4777*8665#
-->Call list--*#2255#
-->Firm ware--*#1234#

Death of a Star! in Bollywood

2016-12-17T21:07:00.001-08:00

When I was flipping through my Diary 2002 the other day, my jottings about Monal’s tragic end beckoned me and brought to my mind a host of awesome nostalgic thoughts. I had a feeling of déjà vu as the dead artist again touched a chord in my heart. How would emotionally deplete artists behave when driven to wall? [Read on…]

Monal, a starlet from Bollywood, hung herself to death on the Tamil New Year’s Day. A strange quirk of fate played havoc with her life, putting off her promising career of becoming an icon in the Kollywood. TV visuals showed her sleeping eternally on a bier; she was a feast to flies that were swarming her lissome body … a body that set fire to the hearts of thousands of her fans.

Monal’s premature death moved me to a great extent not because she was one of the upcoming actors of the Kollywood and a diva for whom the tinsel world plumped rather madly, but because it set me thinking as to what led the young actor to kill herself savagely in the middle of her blooming career.

Sadly, the history of Kollywood has been replete with gory incidents of suicides committed by droves of actresses both upcoming and established. Vijayashree, Lakshmishree, Shoba and Jeyalkshmi are a few glaring examples. Mostly, the reasons that drive the artists to put out their lies are not fully investigated, and, as such reasons for their death remain buried with the stars.

Dire poverty, terminal illness, heavy monetary constraints, dowry harassment and incompatible with one’s spouse are mostly cited as reasons for men/women to commit suicide. However, those reasons cannot be attributed to an actor’s suicide. For, the stars have access to all the fine things of life: a cozy bungalow; a fleet of imported cars; a retinue of servants; and above all their basking in the limelight of the public glare.

However, it is still puzzling to know as why the actors, especially the budding ones go for the noose. Reasons, if analyzed, may go beyond their material well-being. Notwithstanding their wealth and popularity, the female actors are not a happy lot. Depressed as they are over some inexplicable reasons, they have some hard feeling always tugging at their hearts.

Having no intrinsic worth of histrionic skills but having only bewitching body lines, the junior actors soon find themselves surrounded by competition from other more bewitching chicks brought from other states. While being in the grip of insecurity of not getting chances, which constantly stare at them, the budding doll’s life become more untenable since their parents exhort them to go the whole hog with the men dominated filmdom, grab every straw coming in their way and make money.

Getting no warmth and real affection from parents who treat them only as money churning machines, the up-coming film girls start feeling lonely with no one around them to repair their breaking hearts and assuage their hard feelings. Again, falling in love with persons of their choice bring only holocaust to their homes and make the parents to stoop to any level to cut their love knots, fearing such love affairs would dry up the money channels.

Unfortunately, the girls on the move never share their feelings and thoughts even with their close confidants. While there are thousands of fans who are building temples for them and worshipping them as ‘maiden goddesses’, the actors have no one close to them to give emotional comfort and support. Emotional depletion and injured feelings thus play ghost in their minds. When such pent-up feelings go off bounds, the beleaguered actors suddenly flicker off their lives and create flutters in the film world.

Early psychiatric intervention to address the emotional problems of the actors can prevent disasters and deaths, says a doctor. “Suicide, the doctor adds, is certainly preventable and it is important that young people learn to cope with stress, learn alternative methods of dealing with emotional crisis and practice new techniques to solve problems.”

Now, the air is thick with the Film Employees Federation of South India is planning to give counseling to the actors to make them aware of the necessity for giving vent to their hard feelings and getting back their repose. Such damage control steps, though made with good intention, would fall through since no actor worth her name would showcase their feelings to the public view. A better and pragmatic step would be giving counseling to the parents of the actors to make them more pliable in handling their sensitive, and emotionally charged star daughters who are in a mad race to pitch in for space in the celluloid world.

Image courtesy: Google

RRB NTPC Result 2016 1st Stage CBT Exam – Check Here

2016-11-29T22:25:00.000-08:00

RRB NTPC Result 2016 is being announced by RRBs. Result of RRB NTPC 2016 for CEN 03/2015 1st Stage CBT Exam indicates list of candidates for 2nd stage CBT exam. Roll numbers of shortlisted candidates is displayed in RRB NTPC 2016 Result. Those who have qualified can download admit card of RRB NTPC 2016 second stage computer based test. Based on RRB Result of 1st and 2nd stages, candidates will be called for typing test or aptitude test wherever applicable. After having cleared that, candidates can attend document verification. Check here Indian Railways RRB NTPC Result 2016 for 18252 vacancies of Goods Guard, ASM, TA, JAA, Sr. Clerk cum Typist, CA, Traffic Assistant, ECRC, Sr Time Keeper.

RRB NTPC Result 2016

Latest news – RRB NTPC Result 2016 notification is being displayed on RRB Secunderabad website on 29 November 2016, but the links are not working. Date of result is also showing to be 18 November 2016 so it seems like they are also testing result publishing.

Previously, result of RRB NTPC 2016 was announced by RRB Thiruvananthapuram on 17 November 2016 but later removed. RRB TVM had confirmed that it was testing out online result publishing. New result will be published on website.

Result of RRB NTPC 1st Stage CBT Exam 2016 is being announced by Railway Recruitment Boards one by one.

The links to check board-wise RRB NTPC 2016 Result can be accessed from table further down on this page.

Important Dates

Chronological series of events related to RRB Non Technical Popular Categories (NTPC Graduate) Recruitment 2016 are given in following table.

Important event	Date
RRB NTPC Recruitment 1st stage CBT	March 28, 2016 to May 3, 2016
Publication of NTPC exam question papers and answer keys	August 12, 2016
Last date to submit objections on official answer keys	August 21, 2016
Release of final RRB NTPC 2016 1st stage CBT question papers and answer keys (expected)	November 2016, third / fourth week
RRB NTPC 2016 Result declaration	November 2016 onwards

Check RRB NTPC Result 2016 Zone Wise

Railway Recruitment Board has conducted first stage computer based tests for NTPC recruitment from 28.03.2016 to 03.05.2016. Result of RRB NTPC 2016 have been announced by some of thr RRBs. RRB NTPC CEN 03/2015 Result for all the regions are being announced one by one.

Name of exam – Non Technical Popular Categories (Graduate)
Vacancies – 18,252

Indian Railways has twenty one (21) Railway Recruitment Board zones. Candidates can check RRB NTPC Result 2016 in each of the zonal RRB websites. Details of each zone’s results are compiled in table given below.

Result of RRB NTPC 2016 has been announced by RRB Thiruvananthapuram.

RRB	RRB NTPC Result 2016
RRB Ahmedabad	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Ajmer	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Allahabad	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Bangalore	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Bhopal	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Bhubaneswar	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Bilaspur	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Chandigarh	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Chennai	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Gorakhpur	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Guwahati	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Jammu	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Kolkata	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Malda	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Mumbai	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Muzaffarpur	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Patna	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Ranchi	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Secunderabad	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Siliguri	Click here – Result will be announced
RRB Thiruvananthapuram	Click here – 1st Stage CBT Result ~~announced~~ removed, will be announced again

Watch: Aamir Khan’s dramatic body transformation for Dangal

2016-11-29T22:21:00.003-08:00

Bollywood superstar Aamir Khan, who went through a body transformation for his forthcoming film Dangal, says it was one of the most dramatic ones in his career.

Dangal is my gift to her: Aamir Khan at Geeta Phogat’s wedding

Watch: Raftaar performs a ‘Dhakkad’ trilingual rap for Aamir Khan’s Dangal

“Though I went through body building to get a certain look for my film, this (Dangal) one was one of the most dramatic body transformations so far. The film has two phases. For one part, I had to put on weight. So, I weighed 96 kgs with 38 per cent body fat and that I had to reduce to 9 per cent body fat within five months. That was a huge task,” Aamir said while releasing a video that showcases his training and transformation for the role.

He added: “I would like to mention that putting on weight and losing it so fast is very unhealthy. I did it for my film under the supervision of experts, but it is very unhealthy for any regular person.”

However, he said that his doctor suggested not to try such drastic weight and body transformation in future. But being a creative person, he tends to get “excited to do everything if I get a good script”.

What made him put on so much weight instead of using bodysuit for his character? “When you put on weight, it affects your breathing and body language. That naturally reflects on your performance. You cannot get that from a bodysuit,” he said.

But he had a gala time while putting on weight. “I ate everything that I was not supposed to eat otherwise. I had samosa, vada pav, chocolate, cakes, brownies... I indulged in everything. Then when I had to lose the weight, I had a very different diet of 25 gms of upma and papaya. After gym, a glass of protein shake,” said Aamir.

Aamir will be seen as Mahavir Singh Phogat, father of wrestler Geeta Phogat, who won India’s first ever gold medal in wrestling at the Commonwealth Games in 2010.

The biopic, directed by Nitesh Tiwari, is set to release on December 23.

Follow @rajsgpgi for more

After a night of dancing and revelry, Yuvraj Singh-Hazel Keech will tie the knot today

2016-11-29T22:18:00.001-08:00

Cricketer Yuvraj Singh and his fiancee Hazel Keech will tie the knot today noon, at a Gurudwara in Chandigarh. Joining the elite list of invitees is English cricketer Stuart Broad. This news is especially big for cricket enthusiasts, who can never forget Yuvi hitting six consecutive sixes off a Broad over during the India-England match in the World Twenty20 tournament years back. Seeing him greet Yuvi on his big day will be a sight to behold.

A source close to the family revealed, "Both Indian and English cricket teams are put up at the same Chandigarh hotel where Yuvi's wedding functions are being held. The Indian players and commentators attended the mehendi and cocktail party last night. Players of the English cricket team, including Broad, will attend the wedding."

The mehendi ceremony, we hear, happened in the presence of close friends and family. Yuvi's former teammates Zaheer Khan, Virendra Sehwag and Harbhajan Singh also attended the do. The bride took almost three hours for her mehendi and looked radiant in her traditional attire. The cocktail party that followed by the poolside of the hotel, saw guests hitting the dance floor. Yuvraj's father Yograj is also said to have been present last evening for the mehendi and cocktail party. However, he won't be present at the wedding.

Yuvraj Singh-Hazel Keech shine at their sangeet and mehendi ceremony

2016-11-29T22:15:00.000-08:00

Cricketer Yuvraj Singh and actress Hazel Keech kicked off their pre-wedding ceremonies in Chandigarh on November 29. Looking resplendent in a simple black chooridar-achkan, Yuvraj walked hand-in-hand with his ladylove, who complemented him in a black and white anarkali and maatha patti. The cocktail party-cum-sangeet coincided with the mehendi ceremony.

The couple will tie the knot at Fatehgarh Sahib gurudwara, 50 kilometres from Chandigarh on Wednesday. An elaborate wedding will take place in Delhi and the wedding trousseau is said to have been designed by JJ Valaya. The gurudwara wedding in Chandigarh is to be followed by a grand wedding reception in Delhi on December 2 and another wedding reception in Goa.

Much to the delight of Team India, they wrapped up the third test match with England a day earlier and have already headed to their friend Yuvi's wedding. Virat Kohli, Gautam Gambhir, Parthiv Patel, Anil Kumble and Mohammad Kaif among others joined Yuvi in Chandigarh for the wedding celebrations.

Take a look at the pics below:

RRB ALP Recruitment 2016 – 23,801 Upcoming Assistant Loco Pilot Bharti Notification

2016-11-29T21:46:00.002-08:00

RRB ALP Recruitment 2016

Railway Recruitment Board is going to release a Fresh Employment Notification for filling up various vacant positions for various posts. The Railway Recruitment Board is all set to release Central Employment News in respect for the Recruitment of Assistant Loco Pilot (ALP) and Technician Grade 3 in all RRB Regions. This Railway Recruitment Notification will be released in the Month of December 2016 or January 2017. According to various sources the Railway Recruitment Board is going to release 26567 Assistant Loco Pilot (Driver) and Technician Grade II in various RRB Regions. The candidates who are waiting for Latest Railway Jobs after RRB NTPC Recruitment, they can Apply for this RRB ALP Recruitment 2016. All the aspiring candidates can check latest information from this page. We will update latest information on this page.

RRB Assistant Loco Pilot Bharti 2016-2017

This is latest opportunity for the unemployed candidates. A large number of candidates keepdream to get Railway Jobs. Recently in the Year of 2015, the Railway Bharti Board released a Recruitment Notification for filling up 18252 Vacancies for various posts. Now the Indian Railways is going to issue a fresh Employment Notification for filling up 23000-25000 vacant positions for Assistant Loco Pilot and Technician Grade 3 Vacancy. RRB ALP Recruitment Notification will be released very soon. The Railway Recruitment Board every year releases such type of Recruitment Notification. A large number of candidates get Government Jobs in Railway Department.

RRB ALP Recruitment 2016 Details

Advertisement No.- 01/2016
Name of the Organization: Railway Recruitment Boards (RRBs)
Type of the Notification: Recruitment
Category of the Job: Railway Jobs
Name of the Posts: Assistant Loco Pilot (ALP) & Technician Grade 3
The Date of conducting the Exam: Will be notified soon
Selection Process: In the process the candidates have to sit for the written test and then the other rounds will be taken to select the final candidates
Admit Card Availability: Notified Soon
Result Declaration Date: Not yet Declared

Name Of The Post:-

Assistant Loco Pilots
Technician Post
Total Number Of Post: 23801 Vacancies

Region Wise Vacancy Details:

RRB Kolkata: 2038
RRB Bangalore: 1172
RRB Ajmer: 771
RRB Ahmedabad: 546
RRB Bhubaneswar: 1538
RRB Allahabad: 1527
RRB Bhopal: 326
RRB Bilaspur: 1680
RRB Chennai: 1666
RRB Gorakhpur: 78
RRB Chandigarh: 1161
RRB Guwahati: 538
RRB Jammu & Srinagar: 475
RRB Malda: 373
RRB Secunderabad: 2839
RRB Mumbai: 4155
RRB Muzaffarpur: 1153
RRB Siliguri: 345
RRB Ranchi: 2621
RRB Thiruvananthapuram: 294
RRB Patna: 1271

Note:- This News is collected from various sources. RRB Latest Recruitment Notification along with Total Number of posts will be released by the Railway Recruitment Board.

Latest Updates:- RRB Assistant Loco Pilot Bharti 2016 Notification will be released as soon as. The Railway Board is going to release 26567 Vacancy Bharti Notification for Loco Pilot and Technician Grade III. There is no official News regarding RRB ALP Recruitment 2016 yet. But it will release as soon as. So wait for some more time.

RRB Assistant Loco Pilot Model Papers

RRB Upcoming Job Notification

The RRB ALP Recruitment 2016-2017 will be soon released. All details regarding Upcoming Railway Bharti like Educational Qualification, Age Limit, Selection Procedure, Application Fees, Notification Details, Pay Scale will be updated along with Notification. All the candidates can check Study Material, Preparation tips, Model paper, Online Books etc. You can Download Last year Question Papers.

RRB ALP Bharti Syllabus 2016

Reasoning
General English
General Awareness
Arithmetic
Technical subject

RRB Loco Pilot Vacancy Eligibility Criteria

Educational Qualification:

Candidates should have passed Matriculation/ Class 10th Exam and must possess the qualification of ITI (NCVT/ SCVT) from any recognized board or institutions for Assistant Loco Pilot (ALP) posts. Passed in Inter (10+2) exam is must for Technician posts in Indian Railway.

Age Limit:

Candidates age should be between 18 years to 25 years for Assistant Loco Pilot posts while 18 years to 28 years for Technician posts. Age relaxation is applicable and it will be calculated as on 01-08-2015.

Application Fees:

General candidates will have to pay Rs. 100/- while SC/ ST/ Ex-servicemen/ PWD/ Women candidates are exempted from paying application fee.

Pay Scale:

Grade Pay Rs. 1900/

Selection Procedure:

Written Test (Computer Based Test)
Skill Test (If Applicable)

Important Dates:

Advertisement publishing Date – Update Soon
Starting Date of Application Form – Update Soon
Closing Date of Application Form – Update Soon

RRB Result 2016

RRB ALP Technician Bharti Preparation

Candidates are advising if have any query regarding to the upcoming RRB ALP Recruitment 2016-17, then you can comment your query on the given below comment box. Comment your query to know latest updates regarding RRB ALP Recruitment 2016.

RRB Result 2016 – Railway NTPC (CEN 03/2015) Non-Technical Cut off Marks

2016-11-29T21:43:00.000-08:00

RRB Result 2016 – Railway NTPC (CEN 03/2015) Non-Technical Cut off Marks, RRB Non-Technical CBT Exam Result, RRB Non-Technical Result, RRB NTPC Result

RRB Result 2016

RRB Result 2016:- The Railway Recruitment Board is going to declare Non-Technical Exam Result 2016 which was recently conducted across the Country. The Railway Recruitment Board conducted the Non-Technical Posts Exam from 28th March to 30 April 2016. The Computer Based Test (CBT) Examination was held for more than 18,252 vacant seats in Railway Department. Now Check Here RRB NTPC CEN 03/2015 Result 2016. The Railway Recruitment Board will soon announce RRB Result 2016. A vast number of candidates had applied for RRB Non-Technical Popular Categories (Graduate) Bharti 2016.

Railway Non-Technical Exam Result

Now all the candidates who have attended the Computer Based Test (CBT) Exam are waiting for Result after giving the Examination. Now their wait has to come over that Region Wise and Post Wise Cut off Marks will be published here soon. All the candidates can get complete details regarding RRB Non-Technical Result 2016 like Result Declaration Date, How to Check Result, Expected Cutoff Marks and further processing. The RRB NTPC Examination was held from 28th March 2016 to 30th April 2016. The Result of RRB NTPC CBT Exam will indicate the details of shortlisted candidates for further rounds. As per Official News, more than 85 Lakhs of candidates have appeared in Non-Technical Popular Categories Graduate CBT Exam. The RRB Result 2016 is going to be declared in September Month.

Railway Result 2016 (परिणाम चेक करें)

The CBT Exam attempters are looking a platform where they can get exact information. So at this platform you can get exact information regarding RRB Result 2016 and RRB NTPC Expected Cutoff Marks. The candidates who had taken part in CBT Exam can check their Score Card from the Official Page of RRB. The Railway Bharti Board has conducted the Online Written Exam for the selection of 18, 252 Non-Technical Posts. Uncountable number of Railway Job Seekers had applied for this Railway Bharti against Goods Guard, Assistant Station Master (ASM), Traffic Apprentice (TA), Junior Accounts Assistant cum Typist (JAA), Senior Clerk cum Typist, Commercial apprentice (CA), Traffic Assistant, and Enquiry cum reservation clerk (ECRC), Senior Time Keeper (STK).Now the Railway Bharti Board is ready to declare Result for Computer Based Test (CBT), Skill Test/Aptitude Test and Documents Verification step by step.

Railway CEN 03/2015 Exam Result Date

As we know that Railway Recruitment Board had issued an Employment Notification in the stating of 2016 under advertisement number CEN 03/2015. The Indian Railways is the biggest Railway Network in the World. It came into existence into British Empire. After that the Railway Committee has done many changes for satisfying the passengers. The Railway Recruitment Board is also known as RRB as short. The RRB has authority the selection of talented and skilled candidates. As we know that all the RRB CBT Exam attempters are very excited to check RRB Result 2016. Many of the candidates are very tensed regarding RRB Result 2016. So we advised you that don’t worry. Your Result will be good.

Candidates who will selected in the RRB NTPC online written examination they will call for next process. So don’t think you got job after qualify in the CBT Exam. Once the RRB Result 2016 will be declared, the Railway Bharti Board will call for further process. The further process after the written exam are given below…

For Category 1, 2, 3 & 4: Documents verification will be done after common single stage CBT
For Category 5, 6 & 9: Typing Skill Test of qualifying Nature followed by documents verification will be conducted after common single stage CBT
For category 7 & 8: Aptitude Test and Documents Verification will be held after common single stage CBT.

RRB CBT Exam Cut Off Marks Post Wise

You can check the posts wise cut off Marks and Final Merit List of the RRB NTPC CBT Exam that are given below. Candidates are also check Expected cut off Marks Category wise General/OBC/ST/SC. Official Cutoff Marks will be released along with Result. You are able to check Cutoff Marks and Result on this page. RRB Result will declare Region/Zone Wise. So the candidates should find their respective Board link and check your Exam Results. The Railway Recruitment Board has started to release Results. Zone Wise Result is going to be released as soon as. It is expecting that RRB Result will be declaring in the Month of November. All Region Result Will declare by ending of November.

RRB CEN 03/2015 Non-Technical Result Region Wise

There are 21 RRB Region. All the RRB Zone and their Official Website and Result checking link available at below in tabular form. Each and Every RRB will publish RRB Result 2016 separately on its Regional Website. Candidates are informing their Railway Result will be available soon as by the news of official source. check here latest news of the RRB Results. RRB Result 2016 will be published here. You are able to check Result from this page.

RRB Result 2016:- Check RRB Allahabad NTPC Result for 3195 Non-Technical Posts, RRB Mumbai Result for 2296 Posts, RRB Ajmer NTPC Result for 1175, RRB Secunderabad NTPC Result for 1821 Posts, RRB Kolkata 1555 Posts Result, RRB Ahmedabad 1315 Posts Result, 1259 Posts Result date for RRB Bhopal, 1101 Posts RRB Chennai Result, 901 Posts Merit List for RRB Bhubaneswar Region, RRB Patna Results for 781 Posts, RRB Bangalore Result for 695 Posts, 625 Non-Technical Posts Cutoff for RRB Ranchi Zone, RRB Thiruvananthapuram CBT Exam Result for 533 Posts, RRB Muzaffarpur 514 Posts Result, RRB Guwahati Result for 462 NTPC Posts, RRB Chandigarh 341 Posts, RRB Bilaspur 337 Posts Expected Cutoff Marks, 333 NTPC Result for RRB Gorakhpur Region/Zone, RRB Siliguri Result 313 Posts, RRB Malda 311 Posts Result Declaration Date, RRB Jammu & Srinagar Result for 194 Posts.

Need To Up My Game In Tiger Zinda Hai for Salman Khan: Ali Abbas

2016-11-27T08:03:00.003-08:00

Panaji: His last film Sultan with Salman Khan went on to become one of the biggest blockbusters and now director Ali Abbas Zafar says he feels the pressure to deliver a hit again with the superstars' forthcoming Tiger Zinda Hai.

The movie is a sequel to Ek Tha Tiger, which was the biggest hit of Salman at the time of it's release in 2012.

While the first part was helmed by Kabir Khan the second installment will be directed by Ali. The filmmaker says there is a certain pressure to live upto the 50-year-old actor's trust, apart from taking the franchise forward.

"The main pressure is, when you get the chance to work with that star again, you need to up your game. You need to tell a story which is more relevant today. That's important," Ali said.

"Not only for anything else but also, if that star kind of trusts you so much to do something new to him, explore him in a newer way. Also the fact is that it is a big franchise, it was a big hit. So there is always a pressure to take that
franchise ahead."

Ek Tha Tiger chronicled the story of an Indian spy (RAW) code-named Tiger, who falls in love with a Pakistani spy during an investigation.

Ali says the sequel will again be set against political backdrop, talking about India's position in the world.

"It is a sequel, but it's too early to talk about it in detail. It's a political espionage. It's about spies, what is happening in the world today, where does India stand, what is right, wrong. It's about all of that."

Tiger Zinda Hai also stars Katrina Kaif, who was also their in the first film.

While there were reports that the Baar Baar Dekho actress will be seen in a strong negative role, Ali says Katrina will "kill" him if he doesn't give her a meaty role.

"I hope I give her a strong character, she will kill me if I don't. She is my best friend. I hope there are strong characters (in the film)."

From Katrina's role in Mere Brother ki Dulhan, to Anushka Sharma's in Sultan, the women characters in Ali's films have always been strong.

The director says he is immensely inspired by women around him and hence such strong female characters trickle down in his work.

"I have always seen strong women around me, be it my mother, she was a teacher, she held the house and worked. Women who have opinions and stick to their grounds. In India all our goddesses are women. It's a country of strong women.

"It is just that we don't see it that way because of our shortcoming. It's high time for India to realise that and create characters which are as stronger as men and take it from there."

He was speaking at the 47th International Film Festival of India.

Dear Zindagi, Thank You For Breaking The Taboo Around Mental Health

2016-11-27T07:34:00.003-08:00

When English Vinglish released, Gauri Shinde brought to life India’s obsession with English language, the plight of housewives, their desire to be acknowledged and the sheer bond of human ties - all in just one film. With her latest directorial, Dear Zindagi, she once again shines the limelight on everyday issues one deals with but refuses to acknowledge for the fear of being judged or for a fright of coming across as vulnerable. Looks like she has a knack of bringing to screen the obvious, without making it feel the same.

What makes this film a standout, despite being a little stretched, is that it addresses a lot of significant issues; one scene at a time. The taboo around mental illness, homosexuality, career choices, accommodations for single women or even dating before marriage has been taken a stand on in this two and a half hour film. While a normal film would have gone ahead and made such stands pretty obvious, this one steps back and presents it through a series of close-to-life situations leaving it purely on viewers' comprehension to contemplate the final message. Be it the protagonist or the Uncle trying to persuade Kaira to get a 'real job' or a friend trying to embrace his homosexuality or even the working of a dysfunctional family - each character has layers to it and the kind that makes you relate to more and more with each passing scene. Towards the end, you won’t help but agree that everyone needs a BD (brain doctor) and that there’s nothing wrong in it.

There’s a reason we don’t talk about mental health as openly as a viral infection or a toothache and that’s precisely the reason why Dear Zindagi deserves plaudits. The society we live in has a set of notions attached for what they categorise as right and wrong – anything beyond their map is a risk and of course, who doesn’t like to be safe? We gulp our feelings, sulk in our bedrooms and wake up as strong independent people but never open up about our inner fears. Kaira, Alia’s character in the film, is like any of us – a little impulsive, nonchalant and imperfect. She doesn’t let her guards down but when she does, she bursts out in spurts, she is hard on herself but not on others, she falls in love fast but takes time to heal her broken heart – she isn’t perfect and that’s what makes her story all the more beautiful.

She lets her guards down in front of Jug – who is all ears to her problems, patiently makes sense out of her casual talks and imparts life lessons - one scene at a time. Jug is not a close friend but a doctor – a brain doctor – Dr Jehangir Khan. Corresponding it to a real-life scenario - had Jug been a friend, no eyebrows would have been raised but since he’s a specialist – eyebrows are raised, questions are asked and comments marked.

Image: A still from the teaser of Dear Zindagi

"How does this work?," Kaira asks Jug the first time she visits him, probably becoming a voice to the most common yet unanswered question when it comes to mental health. At some point in our lives, each one of us has felt a need to consult a BD (as Alia’s character Kaira puts it) but have confidently shied away considering the stigma associated with mental health in our society. It may not always be depression or high-functional anxiety, it may sometimes be just a rough patch or a constant feeling of despair but we tend to hide our concerns with a well practised ‘it’ll all get better’ phrase. This film makes a strong statement and the one which most of us need to understand – we don’t need to hit the rock-bottom to feel the need to seek help.

According to a survey by World Health Organisation, India has the highest suicide rate – because of depression and anxiety – in any country in the world. Despite such alarming statistics, there continues to be a sense of embarrassment when it comes to talking about mental health. With bigwigs of the industry including Deepika Padukone, Karan Johar, Ileana D’Cruze voicing their battles with depression on public platforms and filmmakers like Gauri Shinde treating such topics in the mainstream cinema, we’re making small yet significant steps in hope of a better tomorrow.

Donald Trump's daughter and family

2016-11-09T01:19:00.001-08:00

Two divorces and three marriages seems par for the course if you're Donald Trump, a man who freely admits that he's married to his business.

Settled down (maritally speaking) for now, Trump has two sons, Donald Jr. and Eric, and a daughter, Ivanka, with first wife Ivana; a college-age daughter, Tiffany, with second wife Marla Maples; and a 9-year-old son, Barron, with current wife Melania.

Having grown up in the spotlight, his three eldest children manged to find success and happiness while sidestepping the usual celebrity kid drama. Meanwhile, 21-year-old Tiffany, an aspiring pop star who was raised in LA, is attending business school on the East Coast and hitting the town with Manhattan's so-called "Rich Kids of Instagram." And young Barron is busy just being a fourth-grader.

Here's everything you need to know about each of the Trump heirs.

DONALD JR., 37, son of Ivana

A father of five, Donald Jr. was 12 years old when Ivana and Donald Sr. divorced. Unlike his younger siblings, he was old enough to understand what the nasty divorce headlines meant - his classmates were, too.

As a child he was extremely close to his maternal grandfather, Milos, who passed away in 1990. The two would spend a couple of weeks every summer hunting and fishing in a town outside of Prague (Ivana is Czechoslovakian). The fast-talking Donald Jr. is fluent in Czech and named one of his sons Tristan Milos, after his grandfather.

After boarding school (Pennsylvania's prestigious Hill School), he followed in his father's footsteps - as most of the Trump kids have - to The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned his bachelor's degree in finance and real estate.

A 2004 New York magazine profile noted Donald Jr.'s propensity for drinking and getting into "do-you-have-any-idea-who-I-am? fights" in college, but he later told Forbes that his love of hunting kept him on the straight and narrow. "[While] other people I knew were getting into trouble, I was somewhere in a deer stand or going to bed early so I could be up before dawn to hunt turkeys," he said.

In 2001, a year after he graduated from college, Donald Jr. went to work for his dad for the second time. (The first time was when he was 13 and earning minimum wage plus tips as a dock attendant at Trump Castle.) Now an executive vice president at The Trump Organization, he cut his teeth with the development of Trump Place at West Side Yards and has gone on to spearhead projects in Chicago, Las Vegas, Scotland, and India.

Thanks to a fix-up from his dad, he met his wife, Vanessa, at a fashion show. He caught a lot of heat for proposing to her in front of a jewelry store with a bunch of photographers standing by. The rumor-mill called it a publicity stunt and claimed he'd gotten the $100,000 ring on trade. But as the happy couple has welcomed five children in the past seven years, that news story has long since been buried.

IVANKA, 33, daughter of Ivana

Ivanka is the breakout success of the family. The same year that she and brothers Donald Jr. and Eric founded the Trump Hotel Collections, Ivanka launched a jewelry brand that has spawned clothing, shoe, and accessories lines carried by the likes of Nordstrom, Bloomingdale's, and Zappos.

An avid runner and former runway model, Ivanka is an executive vice president of acquisitions and development for The Trump Organization. But she didn't go straight from The Wharton School to an office at Trump Tower. She worked for real estate developer Bruce Ratner for a year after college. And a 2013 Forbes profile indicates that she politely declined a job offer from Vogue's Anna Wintour.

Specializing in deal-making and design, Ivanka joined her dad's company in 2005. She was the lead negotiator on the purchase of Trump National Doral Miami, a $1 billion property that she scooped up for $150 million.

Ivanka is stealthily private about her personal life, but before tying the knot with real estate and publishing scion Jared Kushner she was linked to Greg Hersch (now a wealth management SVP at UBS) and is said to have gone on a date with "That '70s Show" star Topher Grace.

She met her match in Kushner. The two live in a $16 million penthouse atop Trump Park Avenue with their two children, Arabella Rose and Joseph Frederick Kushner. Ivanka converted to Orthodox Judaism before her 2009 wedding and the family keeps kosher and observes the Sabbath. "From Friday to Saturday we don't do anything but hang out with one another. We don't make phone calls," she told Vogue.

ERIC, 31, son of Ivana

For a long time, Eric was the six-foot-five, media-shy baby of the family. He told New York magazine that his brother Donald Jr. is like his mentor and Ivanka is like his second mother. "She took me under her wing and raised me, took me shopping, tried to make me cool," he said.

Unlike his brother and sister, he chose Georgetown over Wharton and went straight to work for his father after he graduated. He has the same EVP of acquisitions and development title as his sister, but his niche is said to be in construction.

In 2012, he proposed to his then-girlfriend of five years, Lara Yunaska, at Seven Springs, his dad's $19.5 million Westchester estate, with a ring from sister Ivanka's fine jewelry collection. Yunaska is a former personal trainer and TV producer.

The couple was married in front of 400 guests at Trump's Mar-a-Lago Club in Palm Springs, Florida. Eric's brother-in-law Jared Kushner officiated the wedding, telling Yunaska, "You are not just gaining a family, you are getting six million Twitter followers."

Eric also owns and operates Trump Winery, Virginia's largest vineyard, and has pledged nearly $28 million to the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital through his Eric Trump Foundation.

He and Lara split their time between Westchester and Manhattan, where Eric owns a three-bedroom apartment at Trump Parc East that he bought from his father in 2007 for $2 million.

TIFFANY, 21, daughter of Marla Maples

Tiffany Trump is so new to the scene that she doesn't even have a Wikipedia page yet!

Unlike her half-siblings, she didn't grow up playing in her father's office - nor did she spend her summers helping him fix up the grounds of Seven Springs. Tiffany was raised by mother Marla Maples outside of LA. There, she attended Calabasas' $31,205-a-year Viewpoint School.

In an interview with Oprah.com, Maples remarked that a then-17-year-old Tiffany was "getting to an age where she is studying business" and that soon she would "be able to look to her father to guide her."

Fast-forward to today and Tiffany is studying at The Wharton School and hoping to break into either fashion or music. Her sister Ivanka reportedly helped her snag an internship at Vogue, and last year she dropped the single for her debut song, "Like a Bird."

Last October the bubbly California Trump celebrated her 21st birthday bash with a pack of young socialites dubbed "The Rich Kids of Instagram." This summer she's been popping up on the Hamptons party circuit. Some of her friends are Harry Brant (son of media mogul Peter Brant), Gaia Matisse (Henri Matisse's great-great-granddaughter), and EJ Johnson (Magic Johnson's son), star of E!'s "Rich Kids of Beverly Hills" show.

She loves to travel and her father's private jet comes in handy when she wants a change of scenery. We're sure her Wikipedia page will arise and fill up fast soon.

BARRON, 9, son of Melania

From the way Melania describes her 9-year-old son, he may be the more like his father than any of his siblings. "He loves to build something and tear it down and build something else ... Sometimes I call him little Donald," she told Parenting.com.

The young heir is said to prefer suits to sweatpants and has an entire floor to himself at his parents' Trump Tower penthouse. Melania famously told ABC News that she slathers Barron in caviar moisturizer (from her skin care line, priced at $50-$150 per product) every night.

He celebrated his fourth birthday with his entire preschool class at Manhattan's Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, where the kids ate a cake shaped like Donald's private jet and went on submarine and airplane tours.

Melania says he plays baseball and tennis, but has a proclivity for his dad's favorite sport: golf. His parents keep him out of the public eye as much as possible, but he regularly attends the Trump Invitational Grand Prix at Mar-a-Lago and, when he was younger, Melania always took him to the Upper East Side's hottest children's social of the year, the Memorial-Sloan Kettering Bunny Hop.

C++ Interview Questions

2016-10-29T06:52:00.001-07:00

A list of top frequently asked C++ interview questions and answers are given below.

1) What is C++?

C++ is an object oriented programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup. It is released in 1985.

2) What are the advantages of C++?

C++ doesn't only maintains all aspects from C language, it also simplify memory management and add several features like:

Includes a new datatype known as a class.
Allows object oriented programming.

3) What is the difference between C and C++?

No.	C	C++
1)	C follows the procedural style programming.	C++ is multi-paradigm. It supports both procedural and object oriented.
2)	Data is less secured in C.	In C++, you can use modifiers for class members to make it inaccessible for outside users.
3)	C follows the top-down approach.	C++ follows the bottom-up approach.
4)	C does not support function overloading.	C++ supports function overloading.
5)	In C, you can't use functions in structure.	In C++, you can use functions in structure.
6)	C does not support reference variables.	C++ supports reference variables.
6)	In C, scanf() and printf() are mainly used for input/output.	C++ mainly uses stream cin and cout to perform input and output operations.

4) What is the difference between reference and pointer?

No.	Reference	Pointer
1)	References are less powerful than pointers. Once a reference is created, it can't refer to other object later.	Pointers provide the powerful facilities than references.
2)	References are safer and easier to use than pointers.	Pointers are comparatively difficult to use.

5) What is a class?

Class is a user-defined data type. Class defines the type definition of category of things. It defines a datatype, but it does not define the data it just specifies the structure of data.

You can create N number of objects from a class.

6) What is an object?

Object is the instance of a class. A class provides a blueprint for objects. So you can create an object from a class. The objects of a class are declared with the same sort of declaration that we declare variables of basic types.

7) What are the C++ access specifiers?

The access specifiers are used to define how to functions and variables can be accessed outside the class.

There are three types of access specifiers:

Private: Functions and variables declared as private can be accessed only within the same class and they cannot be accessed outside the class they are declared.
Public: Functions and variables declared under public can be accessed from anywhere.
Protected: Functions and variables declared as protected cannot be accessed outside the class except a child class. This specifier is generally used in inheritance.

8) What is Object Oriented Programming (OOP)?

OOP is a methodology or paradigm that provides many concepts. The basic concepts of Object Oriented Programming are given below:

Classes and Objects: Classes are used to specify the structure of the data. They define datatype. You can create any number of objects from a class. Objects are the instances of classes.

Encapsulation: Encapsulation is a mechanism which binds the data and associated operations together and thus hide the data from outside world. Encapsulation is also known as data hiding. In C++, It is achieved using the access specifiers i.e. public, private and protected .

Abstraction: Abstraction is used to hide the internal implementations and show only the necessary details to the outer world. Data abstraction is implemented using interfaces and abstract classes in C++.

Some people confused about Encapsulation and abstraction. But they both are different.

Inheritance: Inheritance is used to inherit the property of one class into another class. It facilitates you to define one class in term of another class.

9) What is the difference between array and a list?

Array is a collection of homogeneous elements while list is a collection of heterogeneous elements.
Array memory allocation is static and continuous while List memory allocation is dynamic and random.
In Array, users don't need to keep in track of next memory allocation while In list user has to keep in track of next location where memory is allocated.

10) What is the difference between new() and malloc()?

new() is a preprocessor while malloc() is a function.
There is no need to allocate the memory while using "new" but in malloc() you have to use sizeof().
"new" initializes the new memory to 0 while malloc() gives random value in the newly allotted memory location.

11) What are the methods of exporting a function from a DLL?

There are two ways:

By using the DLL's type library.
Taking a reference to the function from the DLL instance.

12) Define friend function.

Friend function acts as friend of the class. It can access the private and protected members of the class. The friend function is not a member of the class but it must be listed in the class definition.

13) What is virtual function?

A virtual function is used to replace the implementation provided by the base class. The replacement is always called whenever the object in question is actually of the derived class, even if the object is accessed by a base pointer rather than a derived pointer.

14) When should we use multiple inheritance?

You can answer this question in three manners:

Never

Rarely

If you find that the problem domain cannot be accurately modeled any other way.

15) What is the destructor?

Destructor is used to delete any extra resources allocated by the object.

16) What is an overflow error?

It is a type of arithmetical error. It is happen when the result of an arithmetical operation been greater than the actual space provided by the system.

17) What is overloading?

C++ facilitates you to specify more than one definition for a function name or an operator in the same scope. It is called function overloading and operator overloading respectively.

18) What is function overriding?

If you inherit a class into a derived class and provide a definition for one of the base class's function again inside the derived class, then this function is called overridden function and this mechanism is known as function overriding.

19) What is virtual inheritance?

Virtual inheritance facilitates you to create only one copy of each object even if the object appears more than one in the hierarchy.

20) What is constructor?

Constructor is a special method that initializes object. It name must be same as class name.

21) What is the purpose of "delete" operator?

The "delete" operator is used to release the dynamic memory created by "new" operator.

22) Explain this pointer?

This pointer holds the address of current object.

23) What does Scope Resolution operator?

A scope resolution operator(::) is used to define the member function outside the class.

24) What is the difference between delete and delete[]?

Delete [] is used to release the array of allocated memory which was allocated using new[] whereas delete is used to release one chunk of memory which was allocated using new.

25) Define the private, protected and public in C++?

Private: The data members and functions cannot be accessed from outside the class.
Protected: The data members and functions are accessible to derived class only.

Public: The data members and functions can be accessed from outside the class.

Interview Question for 3-6 Year experience in .Net Technologies-PART -I

2016-10-28T06:21:00.001-07:00

Hai Friends,

With lot of encouragement and support, I am posting the Part II of the questions and answers for 3-6 years experienced people. These questions will be helpful for those who are preparing for the interview or attending the interviews. This will be helpful for the last minute preparation in quickest way.

If anyone has better answer, please reply to this post and I will include them.

C# / ASP.net/ .Net framework / other .Net related questions:

1. What is the difference between IEnumerable and IQueryable?
Ans. IEnumerable and IQueryable are used to query data from collections and database. The IEnumerable is basically inherited from IQueryable, so it’s having all the features of the IQueryable in addition to its having additional own features.

S.No	IEnumerable	IQueryable
1.	Exists in System.Collections Namespace	Exists in System.Linq Namespace
2.	Can move to forward only in the collection.	Can move to forward, backward or in between the items.
3.	Best for collection like List, Array or in-memory collection	Best for the collections which is out memory like services, remote databases etc
4.	Suitable for LINQ to Object and Linq to XML queries.	Suitable for Linq to SQL queries
5.	It doesn’t supports custom query, Lazy loading so it’s not good for paging scenarios.	It supports custom query using CreateQuery and Execute methods. Also support lazy loading so good for the paging scenarios.
6.	The extension methods which supports be IEnumerable, takes the functional objects as the parameters.	The extension methods which supports be IQueryable, takes the expression tree as the parameters.

In the first example (By using the IEnumerable), the generated SQL is as below:

In the second example (By using the IQueryable), the generated SQL is as below:

We can see that by using the IQueryable, the performance will increase as it has the TOP clause in the query.

2. What is cross site scripting? (XSS)

Ans. Cross-site scripting is the way to attacks and insert the vulnerabilities in Web page. This attack is injected by client-side code. The script which is inject by the client can embed itself in response data. The response data which send back to the malicious user. The browser can’t recognize the scripts as it is responded from the trusted source.

The cross-site scripting attacks also work on the HTTP and HTTPS.

There are 2 ways to prevent the cross site scripting attack:

Constrain input- Validate the input length, type, formatting, range etc

Encode output- Send the input data with encode e.g. Encode to HTML
To prevent the cross-site attack, we can set the below attributes in web.config file:

3. If I want to see my website similar in all the browsers then what I need to do for that?

Ans. If you want to see the website with the same look and feel then you need to write the common css style which should be same for all browsers. Actually every browser will not support every css elements so it is not possible to use the same css to support all the browsers. You need to write the common css elements in the file and then apply it across the website. Else you need to write the separate css file as per the browser.

4. If say 1 Lac users are using any particular website then what you will do to prevent crashing of server? Which care you will take at the time of coding?

Ans. There are the ways like we can have multiple servers to handle the requests from the users. In this, we can have the Web Gardening concept where we can have the multiple web servers and then one main server to handle the number of requests and switch the requests to other servers.

5. Why to use design patterns?

Ans. Design Pattern is the way to solve the recurring problems which occur during the designing of the applications. As the requirements increases, the projects becomes complex and due to the complexity, it’s difficult to maintain it.

With the help of design patterns, we can reduce the complexity and with the help of OOPs paradigm, we can make our applications more efficient in all the ways.

According to the GoF (Gang of Four) company, the Design Patterns can be classified to 3 ways:-

Creational Design Pattern
Behavioral Design Pattern
Structural Design pattern

6. If I have a class C and two interfaces I1 and I2 and I have 'Add' method inside I1 and I2 then how to specify which one has to be called?

Ans. By using the explicit implement interface, we can implement the same method which is defined in both the interfaces.

e.g.

The implementation will be as below:

7. Garbage collection uses which type of algorithm? How it will find which object is unused?

Ans. Mark-And-Release is the algorithm which the garbage collection uses to reclaim the memory of the unreferenced objects which are no longer used.

The algorithm Mark-and-Release work in 2 steps:-

a. In the first steps, it marks all the accessible objects of the heap memory. This is called as mark phase.

b. In the second step, scan the heap and reclaim all the unmarked objects by the Garbage Collection algorithm. This step is called as sweep phase.

Below are the algorithm steps:

For the detailed description, follow the below link:

http://www.brpreiss.com/books/opus5/html/page424.html

8. What is the difference between out and ref?
Ans: Ref and Out are the parameters which are used in the methods [ref] and [out] both allows the called method to modify a parameter. The difference between them is what happens before you make a call.

[ref] means that the parameter has a value on it before going into the function. The called function can read and or change the value any time. The parameter goes in, then comes out
[out] means that the parameter has no official value before going into the function. The called function must initialize it. The parameter only goes out.

So the main difference between the ref and out parameter is that the out parameter doesn't needs to be initialized while the ref parameter must be initialized before passing to the function.

9. Is it possible to use more than one out parameter?

Ans. As we know that the method always returns a single value but by using the out parameter, we can return multiple values from the method or function.

In C# we can write the small code snippet which will describe to return the multiple values using the out parameters:

We can also use the struct which will contain the multiple values as the return:

There is another way to return multiple values like using Tuple class (newly introduced in .Net 4.0). The tuple class can return the object which can contain multiple values in it.

10. Is it possible to use .js files used under script will be in body and not in header? Why?

Ans. The .js file is used in header because first the .js file should be loaded to the application and then rest of the content should be load.

11. What is Expression Tree in C#? How to use Express Trees to create Dynamic LinQ queries?

Ans. Expression Tree is used to create Dynamic Linq query. Sometimes, when the specific criterias' can't be defined at compile time, Expression tree is useful to generate the Linq query at the runtime.
For E.g. In an application, the filter criteria is based on some user actions and is generated dynamically. In this case, we can use the Expression Tree which will generate the criteria at runtime and then we can use that criteria to filter the records from the IQueryable collection.
System.Linq.Expressions is the namespace required to work with the Expression Tree. Here we need to create the predicates using expressions, which will be used in the query.

Hope these questions and answers will be helpful to you.

OOPs Concepts: When to use

2016-10-28T06:19:00.001-07:00

Hai Friends,

This post is regarding the main OOPs concepts and what is there use and when it’s good to use them.

Below are the concepts which are included in this post:

· Encapsulation

· Abstraction

· Overloading

· Method Overriding

· Constructor

· Interface

· Inheritance

· Abstract class

These OOPs concepts you can use while implementing the functionality of your projects in accordance with the requirements and situations.

Hope it will be useful to learn and in the implementation of the projects.

1) In which situation encapsulation is used in your project?

Encapsulation is hiding and binding of the data.
Accessing the public properties by using private variables is one of the good examples of Encapsulation in all the projects.
e.g.

private string _name;

public String Name

{

get{return _name}

set{_name= value;}

}

Here you are not able to access the private variable _name but its value can be accessible by the public property Name. So a kind of Encapsulation here. Namespace is also an example of Encapsulation which is encapsulating the classes, methods, properties etc.
This is the runtime behaviour of an entity.

2) In which situation abstraction is used in your project?

Hiding the behaviour and showing the necessary things regards an entity can be called as Abstraction. Like for a Car, showing the method like Clutch, Gear etc but hiding its internal functions can be an example of Abstraction. This is the compile time behaviour of the entities.
When there are the specific requirements and that can be flown to their child, then we can use abstraction. it means whatever is essential, we implement to its child classes, else will be inherited automatically.
e.g.

class A

{

public abstract void Add(int a, int b);

protected int x;

public string Name{get; set;};

}

Class B: A

{

public override void Add(int a, int b)

{

Console.WriteLine("Sum of two numbers is:" + int. Parse(a + b).toString());

}

}
Here the essential method Add is implemented to the child class B. rest all the members will be inherited accordance to their protection levels.

3) In which situation method overloading is used in your project?

The concept where we want the similar functionality but different behaviour, we use overloading.
When we have same functionality to implement with different behaviour, we go with the overloading of method.
e.g. If we have to get the sum of 2 numbers, 3 number and 4 numbers. So in that case we can take only one method name Add with its varied parameters like:

public void Add(int a, int b)

{

Console.WriteLine("Sum of 2 numbers" + int. Parse(a + b).toString());

}

public void Add(int a, int b, int c)

{

Console.WriteLine("Sum of 3 numbers" + int. Parse(a + b +c).toString());

}

public void Add(int a, int b, int c, int d)

{

Console.WriteLine("Sum of 4 numbers" + int. Parse(a + b + c + d).toString());

}

Now according to our requirement, we can call the respective method with its arguments.

Here all the methods are doing sum of the numbers, but their behaviour are different- the first method will give the sum of 2 number while the next one will give the sum of 3 number and the final method will give the sum of 4 numbers.

4) In which situation method overriding is used in your project?

When we may(abstract) or may not(virtual) want to implement the particular method at runtime to its child class according to the requirement, we go with overriding concept.
e.g.
Class X

{

public virtual void Print()

{

Console.WriteLine ("This is the print method. You can override according to your definitions and implementation");

}

Class Y:X

{

public Override void Print()

{

Console.WriteLine("Implementation for Excel print methods");

}

5) In which situation constructor is used in your project?

Constructor is the way to initialize the class with the default values of the members. Constructor is by default initialize with the class.
But if you want to initialize some members when the class in getting instantiate, you can write the constructor and code for initialization inside that constructor.
e.g.
Class MyClass

{int a;

public MyClass()

{

a=10; //initialized with the class instantiation

}

Here the constructor code will get initialized with the class instantiation.

6) In which situation interface is used in your project?

Interface is the collection of abstract members.
So whenever we have the requirements such as it requires through the application at many places, then we create an interface with that method so that we can implement it at our own way according to the requirements.
e.g.

Interface Inf

{

void Print();

}

Class ExcelClass:Inf

{

public override void Print()

{

//Write code to print in excel

}

Class WordPrintClass: Inf

{

public override void Print()

{

//Write code to print in Word

}

Class PDFPrintClass: Inf

{

public override void Print()

{

//Write code to print in PDF

}

}

Also to implement the multiple inheritances, we use inheritance.

7) In which situation inheritance is used in your project?

When we want to have some common features for multiple classes then we go for inheritance.
To inherit the properties of base class to their derived class.

8) In which situation abstract class is used in your project?

Abstract class is same as abstract. So go to the Q 2 for the details.

So you can go through the link to get the fair idea about its implementation:
http://www.dotnetspider.com/forum/ViewForum.aspx?ForumId=295763&

Scenario Based Questions in Microsoft Technologies - .Net with Answers

2016-10-28T06:18:00.001-07:00

Hai Friends,
As we know that getting more experience and then going for the interview requires more knowledge and if we see, it requires more practical knowledge.
So in the continuation, I am trying to post few questions of OOPS which are scenario based and will be helpful when you are going for the interviews with 3+ years experience. These questions will definitely make you to think something more which you were thinking before about the answer of a particular question. With the hope that these questions and answers will be helpful to you, I am posting them and will try to update and include more in the future.
These questions are scenario based questions in .Net technologies which will help to prepare for the interviews. Few questions are related to OOP’s concepts, and then few on Garbage Collector and memory related. So you can prepare them accordingly. These questions will be useful for those who are having the 3+ years experience and looking out for the opportunities in good companies.

1. How the Encapsulation is different from Abstraction? I think both are used to hide the unnecessary details? Then how they are different?
Ans.

Yes, Both Encapsulation and Abstraction do the same thing but with few differences.

Encapsulation mainly encapsulates the object and so hides the details as well as it binds the data.

So Encapsulation = Hiding + Binding the data

How it hides the data? Real-time Example?

Take the example of n-Tier application where we have an additional layer called Business Objects. This layer

contains all the entities with their properties. Take an entity name: Employee. This Employee will have the

class name "EmployeeBO.cs" and contains the public properties like EmpId, EmpName, Sal ets

EmployeeBO.cs

So this is the presentation of one property in the Business object class. Now wherever we want this attribute,

We just need to create the object of this class and set/get the value of EmpId as:

// set the EmpId

EmployeeBo objEmployeeBO = new EmployeeBO();

objEmployeeBO.EmpId = 101;

// get the EmpId

int empId = objEmployeeBO.EmpID;

Now the question is where its setting or getting the value?

EmpId is the public property in the EmployeeBO class and contain no value. Only _empId contains the value

which is private and so it is not accessible.

So binding of the data happens to the EmpId through _empID and hiding happends through _empId which is

private. The Data is accessed through the Public property while the actual data is in private variable. So

binding + hiding using Encapsulation.

Abstraction is to ignore the unnecessary details and get the required details. So it also hides the unnecessary details. How?

Abstract class is the special type of class which can contain the abstract and concrete members. If we define

The member (Method/Property) as abstract, it must be overrides to the child class. We are not bothering here About the non-abstract or concrete members. Which is an unnecessary detail? If we ad an additional concrete Member in the abstract class, we need not to do anything in the child class. But if we add the abstract members, we must have to override it. So abstract doesn't care about the concrete members which are unnecessary for it and so it hides those details.

2. What do you mean by early binding and late binding in the object bindings? Which is good? Please give me a scenario where you have used the early binding and late binding concepts in your application?

Ans.In .Net, the early binding and last binding concepts comes under the polymorphism. As we know that there are 2 types of polymorphism-

1. Compile Time polymorphism

2. Run time polymorphism

The Compile Time polymorphism also called as the Overloading where we have the same method name with different behaviors. By implementing the multiple prototype of the same method, we can achieve the behavior of the Overloading.

Also this behavior is valid only for a single class. It means we should have all the overloaded methods in the same class.

e.g.

The Run time polymorphism also named as the Overriding. This concept works in between classes or multiple classes or parent child classes where the child class has to get the behavior of the base class by inheriting the base class.

In this concept we generally have an abstract or virtual method in the base class and we override that method in the child class by using the override method.

e.g.

So now we know the Compile Time polymorphism and Run Time polymorphism. The compile time polymorphism uses the concept of early binding and Run time polymorphism uses it as the late binding.

In early binding, the runtime (CLR) gets the behavior in the compilation of the program. It means that the method behavior will get compiled before in the early binding.

In Late binding, like Overriding, the behavior of the class and methods gets by the CLR when creating the object means at runtime. So, in the late binding the behavior of the class members identified by the CLR at runtime.

Now come to the next part of the question-which is good?

One can’t say about the answer of this question, there are the scenarios where the early binding is good. When you have lot of objects and in that case, the early binding behavior performs well. While the late binding will be good when we have less objects. Let’s say you want the dropdown list to be loaded when you click on it and not while the loading of the page. So in some scenario, it will be good if we have while load and it will not be good when you click.

So it’s all depends on how you have implemented and the form structure.

3. In garbage collection, how the object generations come in the picture? How many generations an object can have? Please tell me the process of disposing the objects based on the generations? Can an object move from one generation to another? If yes then why? What’s the need to have different generations as we are going to dispose the objects which are marked by the Garbage collector?
Ans.

Let’s start with what is Garbage collection first and then we will come to our main question of the post. As we know that all the objects created using the new operator gets fits in to the Heap memory. So whenever a new object gets created, it tries to fit in the heap memory. Now let’s say the heap memory is full and there is no place to keep another newly created object.

In that case the Garbage collector installed, which is the background process, runs through CLR and take the unused objects memory. It mainly cleanup the heap memory and the new objects get placed in to it.

Now the question comes that for which objects it reclaims for the memory? How the object generations come in the picture?

It depends on the objects generations. The CLR finds out the objects which are no longer used by the application since longer time and then the Garbage collection reclaim their memory.

How many generations an object can have? Please tell me the process of disposing the objects based on the generations?

Actually there are 3 generations exists for the objects which are written under the .Net framework library. When a new object gets created, by default it moves to the generation 0.

Can an object move from one generation to another?

Now when the generation 0 objects gets occupied with the memory and garbage collector gets called by the run-time. It checks the objects which are no longer used by the application and mark them for deletion. After deleting or reclaim the memory, the older objects moved to next generation i.e. Generation 1. Now the next time the CLR will check for the Generation 1 object too and if it finds that in generation 1 if the objects are not used since longer time, it will mark them for release and move the remaining objects to generation 2.

In generation the objects which are under the main method, exists as they gets removed either at the end of the program or when both the generation 0 and generation 1 objects are using.

What’s the need to have different generations as we are going to dispose the objects which are marked by the Garbage collector?

With the different generation, it improves the performance of the application as the Garbage collector need not to check for each of the objects in the memory. It first checks for the generation 0 objects and reclaim the memory. If still needs then goes to the generation 1 and then 2.

4. What is object graph in garbage collector? Is this the graph physically exists? Or how this graph gets created?
Ans. When the Garbage Collector gets called by the CLR to DE-allocate the memory in the heap, the Garbage Collector start finding the references of all the reachable objects which are currently in use. So it find the objects which are used by the processes and for rest of objects which are un-reachable or the Garbage collector is not able to find the references for them, it marks them for deletion.

Here the Garbage collector makes an Object graph which keeps track of all the objects which are marked for deletion. After the deleting the references for those objects, the heap memory gets compacted and a new root becomes available to use by the new created object.

Is this the graph physically exists? Or how this graph gets created?

No, this object graph creates virtually by the Garbage Collector to keep all the objects and to make them for deletion. This is the Garbage Collector responsibility to create this object graph and gets the references of each reachable object which are used by the application

5.     Can we suppress the Garbage collector? If yes, then why do we need to suppress it as it is used to reclaim the unused memory and which improve s the performance of our application?
Ans. Yes, We can suppress the Garbage Collector. There is the Static method in GC class called as SupressFinalize.
  GC.SuppressFinalize(objectName);
This Static method takes a parameter for the object. So we can pass it to suppress the claiming memory for this object.
Now the question comes "why do we need to suppress it as it is used to reclaim the unused memory",
So, whenever we are using dispose method for class object,which is capable of disposing the object and in that case we don't need to use this method to again reclaim the memory.
e.g.
  public class DemoClass : IDisposable

   public void Dispose()

    {
        Dispose(true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

As we have seen above,the DemoClass is inherited by IDisposable interface and which have the Dispose method to implement.
Hence after implementation of Dispose() method, we need not to reclaim the memory using the Garbage collector and so we can use the SuppressFinalize() for the current class object.

6. We already have the Finalize method which reclaims the memory using the Garbage collector. This is automatic process then why do we have the Dispose () method? Is this method different from Finalize ()? What is the interface from which the Dispose () method inherited?
Ans. Yes, We have the Finalize() method which is used to reclaim the memory for the unused objects. The Finalize() method is sufficient to release the memory from heap for the un-referenced object but it is only for the managed objects. So Finalize() method can reclaim the managed objects memory from the heap which are not used since longer time.
Then what about the objects which are unmanaged? The objects which are out of .Net CLR? The objects where the CLR can't be used to manage? Dispose() method is used for all those objects which do not comes under CLR or under the Managed heap. Dispose() method can be overrides and can be written to reclaim the object of those classes. Dispose() method is implemented by using the IDisposable interface.
e.g.public class TestClass : IDisposable
{
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
}

7.     Can we call the Finalize() method to be executed explicitly when we want that particular object memory to be reclaim by the Garbage Collector? If yes, then where do we need to write the code? If no then why?
Ans. No, the Finalize() method can't be called as Explicitly. The Garbage collector calls it when the Heap memory is having no space to allocate the new object in the heap.
Finalize() method is mainly used to perform the cleanup on the unmanaged resources which are held by the current object.
  Working Finalization: Until the Finalize method is overrides, the Garbage collection doesn't mark the object to claim its memory.Internally the Finalization Queue keep each of the objects which are marked for deletion by GC and then the Finalize() method gets called.
The Object must be inaccessible(no reference found) to put or keep in the Finalization Queue.
  Limitations: There are the limitation for Finalization:
a. Un-Deterministic - it is hard to find that when the Finalize() method will be called.
b. There is no guarantee that which object will be disposed first.
The C# compiler doesn't allow the overriding of Finalize() method an due to that we need to write the Destructor of the class.
As the GC is non-Deterministic so we can implement the Dispose() method explicitly to claim the unused memory by the Garbage collection.
For More details on GC, check the link:
  GC Internal

8. Can we inherit child class from 2 base classes? If yes then how? If not then why? What is this scenario called as in OOPs? How to implement this kind of scenario where we need to inherit the methods from more than one base class?
Ans. No, We can't inherit more than one base class in to child class. This leads to the Multiple Inheritance where the child class can inherit more than one base class and the Multiple Inheritance doesn't support in .Net.
So this scenario is called as Multiple inheritance(a type of inheritance in OOPs).
If you do so, you will see the error 'Interface name expected.' as below:

To implement these kind of scenarios, we need the help of Interfaces, Where we can convert the second base class to Interface and then we can inherit one base class and second Interface.

9. How the Virtual methods are different from General methods? Can we have a method in the base class and then in the child class can we write the same method? If not? Why? What is the error we will get if we write the same method in the child class with the same name as the parent class method name?

Ans. Yes, Virtual methods are different from the general method. The Virtual methods are the special type of methods which can be overrides in the child class and then the child class method will be the output or the default result.

And when creating the child class object, it will take the child class method as the preference as below:

Now, if we have the same method in the child class as base class then it will hide the base class method by default and what ever is implemented in the child class will get executed.

So here we can see that the error will not come but it will show the warning to use the 'new' operator instead to hide the base class method. This scenario is called as Shadowing in the OOPs.

10. Why do we need abstract class or abstract members? Can’t we simply write the general methods and fulfill our requirements? Can we get any advantage by implantation of abstract members? As per the abstract class scenario, let’s say we have an abstract method called Show () in the abstract base class. Now if I am inheriting this base class to a child class, we need to override this abstract method to the child class. And then we will call this method by creating instance of child class.Now if we only have the method in the child class and then create the instance and call the same method? Then why abstract class method? Is that method doing anything here?

Ans. Abstract class or abstract members(methods, properties) are those which are not complete. So when the class contains at-least one abstract member,the class must be defined with abstract class.
We can also say that 'When the class does not provides the full functionality, we can declare the class as abstract'. the abstract class works based on the child class memory. Due to that we cant create the object of Abstract class, instead we can create the reference of the abstract class.

11. How abstract class and interfaces are different? Can’t we create an abstract class by having all the members as abstract members and wherever required inherit and implement its members? Then why interface? I think interface is also doing the same thing? Then how they are different?

12. Can we have abstract properties in Interface? If yes, then how to write the syntax for the abstract property which is having the return type string?

13. Can we write static methods inside a non-static class? Is it possible to call a non-static method inside the static method? If yes then how?

14. Shadowing is the special type of overriding? How? Please explain?

15. When we inherit a class which is having the private members. Are the private members also gets inherited? If yes? Why cant’ we get them by the class object? If no then why?

16.  What is the Difference between Coupling and Cohesion? If the components are more cohesive the software is good? Or vice versa?

17. See the below code snippet and think about the output.

18.  What is the Difference between HTTP enabled WCF Service and Web Services? I think if we restrict the WCF service just for the HTTP communication, both WCF and Web Service will have the same behavior. Then why still people prefer to have the WCF service rather than the Web Service. What all the things which can be achieved through HTTP enabled WCF service and cant be just from Web Service.

19.  What is the Difference between SOAP enabled Services and ReST Services? Which one is preferred and why?

2+ yrs .Net Interview Questions and Answers for Quick Reference

2016-10-28T06:17:00.001-07:00

Hai Friends,

In the continuation of the series of the Interview Questions in the Microsoft Technologies, I am posting few more questions which will be helpful for the Quick reference in learning the concepts related to WCF, Assembly, SQL Server,Interface & Abstract Class etc.

1. What is the difference between Web Services and WCF.

Ans.

A. WCF Services = Web Services + Remoting + Security + Reliability + Messaging Queue

B. Not only that, hosting is also one of the powerful feature in WCF where the service can be hosted in Self Hosting, Hosting in Windows Services, Hosting on another Service etc.

C. Supports DataContractSerializer which is fast and can serialize fields and properties.

D. Integrated Logging mechanism.

2. What are the different ways of hosting a WCF service.
Ans.

A. Hosting on Console application

B. Hosting on Windows application

C. Hosting on Windows services

D. Hosting on IIS

E. Hosting on WAS(Windows Activation Service)

3. Explain the different types of triggers in SQL Server.
Ans.

A. DDL Trigger- Trigger fires on DDL Commands

B. DML Trigger- Trigger fires on DML Commands

C. InsteadOf Trigger- Trigger fires on View updation

4. Difference between BasicHttpBinding and WSHttpBinding.
Ans.

A. BasicHttpBinding does not enable message level security while the WSHttpBinding enables Message level as well as Transport level security.

B. BasicHttpBinding has the default windows authentication while the WSHttpBinding support WS* authentication and security.

C. BasicHttpBinding only supports HTTP to access the service while WSHttpBinding suppors HTTP and HTTPS(secure)

D. Data which travels through the BasicHttpBinding is in XML format and no encryption allowed while the data travels through WSHttpBinding goes in Encrypted format.

5. What are the different types of assemblies available in .NET?
Ans.

A. Private Assembly

B. Shared Assembly

C. Satellite Assembly

6. What is a strong name and how do you give a strong name to an assembly?
Ans.

Unique identification of an assembly called as strong name. By strong name we can differentiate the assemblies which are having the same name.

We can generate the Strong name using the command:

SN -K dllName

7. What is InsteadOf trigger.
Ans.

To update the Views, InsteadOf trigger is used. This is the only use of InsteadOf trigger. There is no use except this.

8. Can we use Insert/Update statements in views in SQL SERVER?

Ans.

No, In general, View made to works only on the Query/Select command. So we can't have DML commands inside the View. So no Insert/update operations are allowed.
But there is a provision where we can make the views as updatable by using the DML statements inside the views but it is more complicated when there are views which are created by using the joins in the queries.
So its not preferable to make the view as updatable.

9. What are abstract classes and Interface and what the difference between the two.
Ans.

When the class does not provides the full functionality, the class must be declared as the abstract class.

There are 2 types of abstract classes-

A. Partial Abstract Class (Abstract Class)- Class which can support the abstract members(methods, properties) as well as concrete members(methods, properties), the class can be declared as the abstract class.

Abstract class works based on the child class memory. We can't create the object of the abstract class, only the reference can be created for the abstract class.

All the abstract members must be overrides in the child class using the Override keywords.

B. Fully Abstract class (Interface) - The collection of abstract members (methods, properties) is called as interface.

Interface contains all the abstract members.

When you have limited scope for the functionality, Abstract class is better but when there is the requirement to implement the global functions, interface is best way to do.

e.g. When u have some feature which can be implemented in several classes and classes are interrelated, use Abstract class but when the feature can be application level and used by various independent classes, use Interface.

10. What are the advantages of Interface over abstract classes?
Ans.

When you have some feature which can be implemented in several classes and classes are interrelated, use Abstract class but when the feature can be application level and used by various independent classes, use Interface.

Interfaces are more rigid than Abstract classes.

e.g. let's say, i have a method called Show() to show the message in various classes, we can have interface for this. Now let's say, I have implemented this interface in 100 classes where I want to use the Show() method to show some message.

Tomorrow there is some requirement to have the new Print Functionality to let's say in 50 various classes. Now the one way is to add this Print() in the same interface so that we can just implement it to those classes. But what about the rest 50, where we don't want this print.. So this is drawback of Interface.

That is the reason the Single Responsibility principle and then the interface Segregation Principle came where a class/interface should have only one responsibility. Like in the above example, there are more responsibility and got the problem.

Abstract class is best when the scope is limited. Let's say I want to calculate the Area of few shapes. So we can say that this is limited as few classes can use this so we can create the abstract class with the abstract method called Area and then implement to those classes by inheriting the abstract class.

The scope of the Abstract class is till the immediate child class. So you can't use it in grand child or grandparent classes.

11. What is a sealed class?
Ans.

When the class provides full functionality, we can declare the class as Sealed Class. Full functionality means, the class doesn't need anything from outside like loading the external files etc. The sealed class can’t be inherited and can't be extended. We can create the object of sealed class so instantiation of the sealed class is possible.when the class is self-dependent, the class be made as sealed class.
Overall when we want the class prevented to be inherited, we can declare the class as sealed class. Also If we want that our method should not be overridable, we can create the methods as sealed method.
E.g.If you see the definitions of the datatypes, they all are sealed by default becasue they cant be extended.
public sealed class String : IComparable, ICloneable, IConvertible, IComparable, IEnumerable, IEnumerable, IEquatable
{
// Summary:
// Represents the empty string. This field is read-only.
public static readonly string Empty;

// Summary:
// Initializes a new instance of the System.String class to the value indicated
// by a specified pointer to an array of Unicode characters.
//
// Parameters:
// value:
// A pointer to a null-terminated array of Unicode characters.
//
// Exceptions:
// System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException:
// The current process does not have read access to all the addressed characters.
//
// System.ArgumentNullException:
// value is null.
//
// System.ArgumentException:
// value specifies an array that contains an invalid Unicode character, or value
// specifies an address less than 64000.
[CLSCompliant(false)]
[SecurityCritical]
public String(char* value);
....
Here we can see that String class is of Sealed type.We can create the object of the sealed class as:
String obj = new String();
bu we cant inherit these classes as they are not inheritable.

12. What kind of authentication mechanism you have used in your WCF project.
Ans.

There are various authentication modes which can be used for the WCF service like-

A. No Authentication- When the service doesn't requires any authentication and its public to access and use, this type of authentication mode is used.

B. Windows Authentication – This type of service depends on the windows credential so if the user is having the windows credentials, they can use and access the service.

C. Form Authentication – This type of authentication requires certain and valid user name and password to access the service.

D. Certificate Based – There are the secure cervices where each request needs certain authentication mechanism which can be the 3rd party like .X509 certificates to validate the access requests.

E. Custom Authentication- This can be mixed with two or more authentication mechanism.

F. Token Based Authentication – Depends on the token provided by the service provider. So based on the token, the client can access the service.

13. How do you configure a WCF Service to use Network Authentication?

Ans.

We need to set the remote settings for this.

Below is the reference url:

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc742824.aspx

14. What is Garbage Collection? How is Garbage Collector invoked in .NET?
Ans.

When the heap memory is filled with the objects and there is no memory left to accommodate the new object, Garbage collector gets called by the CLR. So it's an activity which is initiated by the run time (CLR). When the garbage collector gets called, it tries to find out each referenced objects which are in use by the applications. The objects which are not reachable, it marks them to delete. Based on the reachable objects, the garbage collector prepares the object graph, which has the reference of each reachable object. Now based on the object graph which contain the object generations too, the Garbage collector checks for the generation 0 objects and marks them for deletion and move rest of the objects to generation 1. The heap memory gets compacted for the new object and new object gets placed in the heap memory.

This is the uncertain and un-deterministic process as the Garbage collector doesn't know when it will be called. Its all based on the capacity memory of the heap. When the heap memory get filled and a new object is initiated, the runtime (CLR) calls the Garbage collector.

15. Can you force Garbage Collector to be invoked from c# code?
Ans.

Yes, When we have something called the unmanaged objects(C++, VC++,VB 6.0), then we need to explicitly release the memory. To do this, we can use the Dispose() method to free-up these object.

Sometimes, we need to force the garbage collector to be called to free-up the memory, so we can use the GC.Collect() method to do so.

16. How is var keyword used in .NET.Difference between var and dynamic keywords.
Ans.

var keyword is newly introduces with the .net 3.5 and it is used to make the assignment for any type of data. It can store any type of data irrespective of its datatype.

So when we don't know that what type of data, the certain process will return, we can use the var keyword.

e.g.

var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);

Here the connection variable can store the SQLConnection type.

Dynamic keyword is newly introduces with the .net 4.0 version and is used to keep not only the any type of data but also the reference will be constant.

For the var, the type is made at the compile time while in case of Dynamic; the type is inferred in runtime.

e.g.

var customer = new Customer();

customer.GetCustomers();

Here the compiler will check for the GetCustomers()method. If the GetCustomers() method doesn't exists, it will show error during the compilation.

But for the dynamic,

dynamic  customer = new Customer();

customer.GetCustomers();

Here the compiler will not check for the GetCustomers() method during the compilation. But at the run-time, if the method is not available, it will throw error.

So the main use of dynamic is when we don't want the compiler should check for certain errors during compilation. It will skip the error if they are of dynamic type.

17. Difference between Stored Procedures and Functions.
Ans.

Stored Procedure and Functions are the database objects which are the pre-compiled names SQL statements.

A. Stored procedure can take in as well as Out parameters while function can take only in parameters'.

B. Stored Procedure may or may not return the value while the Function must return a value. Returning a value in stored procedure depends on the input parameter. If the input parameter is of type out, then it will return the value.

C. We can use the function inside the stored procedure but stored procedure can't be used inside a function.

18. What are the different types of contracts available in WCF
Ans.

A. Service Contract- In Interface

B. Operation Contract - For Operations

C. Data Contract -Based on custom type

D. Message Contract - For Custom message

E. Fault Contract - For Error or Exception Handling

19. What is the static variable and what are the static variables in dot net.
Ans.

When the variable is shared by multiple class members (method, properties etc), we can make that variable as Static (in VB.Net Shared). To access these variables, we don't need to create the object of the class. We can directly call the static class members using the Class name. These variables get loaded when the class gets loaded in to the memory.

20. If I have 2 interfaces with same method same parameter and same return type. Both interface implemented from one Class. Then how can i call to these methods.
Ans.

Two interfaces with the same methods and same parameters can be implemented using the external interface functionality, rather than internal interface.
By default, when we implement the interface, we need to implement all the method to the implemented class.
But if the methods are same, then we can take the help of explicit interface as:
interface inf1
{
void Print();
void Show();
}
interface inf2
{
void Print();
void Show();
}

Now we will implement these interfaces in a single class:

class MyChildClass: inf1, inf2

{
public void inf1.Print() // explicit interface call
{
//implement Print() method details for the first interface
}
public void inf1.Show()
{
//implement Show() method details for the first interface
}
public void inf2.Print()
{
//implement Print() method details for the second interface
}
public void inf2.Show()
{
//implement Show() method details for the second interface
}
}

21. Can method overloading and overriding possible in simultaneously in program.
Ans.

Yes, both overloading and overriding concept can be implemented simultaneously between the parent can child classes as:

Class MyBaseClass

{
public void Print()
{
   // Print method implementation
}
public void Print(string fileName) // overloaded method
{
   // Print method implementation with the file name
}
public virtual void Print()
{
   // Print method implementation
}
}
Class ChildClass:MyBaseClass
{
public override void Print() // overriding implementation
{
   // Print method implementation
}
}

22. What is "using" keyword?
Ans.

"using" keyword is used in 2 scenarios:
1. To write the namespace as:
using System.Data.SqlClient;

2. To clean up the memory automatically after the use of object as:
using(var f = new SqlCommand())
{
// some other iomplementation
}

The above code will delete the memory used by the 'f' object after the completion of the transaction.

23. What is dispose and finalize method and how it works
Ans.

Finalize and Dispose methods comes under the System.GC namespace and used to free up the memory occupied the objects. Garbage collector uses these objects to free up the memory.

When there is no enough memory to allocate the new object in the Heap, Garbage collector gets called automatically to free up the memory. It mainly creates the object graph and finds the objects which are not used since longer time. Based on the generations, it removes the objects.
Dispose method is called manually by programmer to remove the objects.
It uses IDisposable interface which has the Dispose method and this can be implemented in the code.

Windows Application using 3-tier architecture

2016-10-28T06:16:00.001-07:00

Hi Friends,

Do you have fear of thinking the layered architecture?? How to create it? What kind of project we need to include for creating layers?? How the layer communicates to each other??

How we can create the architecture by our own. Is this the job of architect? What all the things we should be consider while creating the layered applications. How the layers will talk to each other etc.

All of these questions come to our mind when we think about the layers architecture. So Today I am going to show all of these things in my article.

You will see the practical implementation of all including the coding with the standards so that you can adapt the similar things when writing the actual code in the projects.

below is the link where you can find the detailed description with the snapshots for all the steps of create in the windows application using 3 -tier architecture:

http://www.dotnetspider.com/resources/45768-Windows-Application-using-3-tier-architecture.aspx

Creating application using ASP.Net MVC 5 with Visual Studio 2013

2016-10-28T06:15:00.001-07:00

Hi Friends,

This article is related to ASP.Net MVC. Here we will see what all the new features available in terms of ASP.Net MVC 5 under the Visual Studio 2013 IDE. I have tried to explain the default template structure which gets created when we start a new project of ASP.Net MVC 5 in Visual Studio 2013.

In this article, I also tried to create a new small application by making use of existing template and the application will have the functionality of CRUD operations for each of the menu items.

In this article, i am using the Code First Approach to create the application so it will be helpful for those who wants to know about the Code First Approach and creating the database automatically by using the Model classes. We will see each of these things step by step from the installation of Visual Studio 2013 express edition free and then we will go on to create the new application. I also explained the new feature of Visual Studio 2013 in terms of ASP.Net MVC so it will be helpful for all of those guys who are looking out for the same.

Below is the link where you can see the step by step approach of creating the new application in ASP.Net MVC 5 with Visual Studio 2013.

http://www.dotnetspider.com/resources/45899-Creating-application-using-ASPNet-MVC-5-with-Visual-Studio-2013.aspx

Hope this article will be helpful to understand.

Most Confusing Questions in C# and OOPS

2016-10-28T06:14:00.001-07:00

Hi Friends,

This post is regarding the Most Confusing Questions in .Net, C#.Net, ASP.Net and Sql Server. As I have seen that lot of people whether they are searching for jobs, already in the job or they try to understand the things, gets lot of confusions and there are very rare sites where they explain the things in more detailed and example way.

So I thought to write such post which will be helpful for all of us to try to understand the things in better manner and it will be helpful whether we are in search of job or in actual implementation in our projects:

1. Abstract classes provide a simple and easy way to version your components. By updating the base class, all inheriting classes are automatically updated with the change. How?

Ans. Abstract class is the collection of abstract and concrete members. I am not calling here method or function but members because members can be methods or properties or indexers etc.
A concrete member means non-abstract or general members.
Versioning of a class means adding or removing the members from the class.
So as per question statement, in abstract class we can add or remove the members and it will not impact your classes which are inherited by the abstract class. The only thing is if the class doesn't contain non-abstract members. As the abstract class can contain both abstract and concrete members so it hardly matters to add or remove any non-abstract members.
So we can make another version of the class by adding or removing members in the class. So if we update the base class or the abstract class by adding or removing any non-abstract member, the child class will have no impact, it will be automatically inheriting the new members.

public abstract class MyClass
{
public abstract void Show();
public int Add(int a, int b)
{
return a+b;
}
}

This is the abstract class and we can inherit it to the child classes.
Let’s say:

class ChildClass:MyClass
{
public override void Show()
{
// some implementation
}
}

Now we can create another version of abstract class by adding an extra method;

public abstract class MyClass
{
public abstract void Show();
public int Add(int a, int b)
{
return a+b;
}
public int Sub(int a, int b)
{
return a-b;
}
}

Now it hardly matters for the child class to modify anything.

2. If a new version of an interface is required, you must create a whole new interface.

Ans. For interface which is the collection of abstract members is less flexible. Because when we need to create another version of interface, means adding or removing a member which is abstract so we need to change all the child class either remove or adding override members.
Let's see with the example:

interface MyInf
{
void Show();
void Print();
}

Now use this interface in our class:

class ChildClass: MyInf
{
public void Show()
{
// some implementation
}
public void Print()
{
// some implementation
}
}

Now if we add another member in the interface, we need to implement it to all our child classes so it is preferable to create another interface and inherit that as below:

interface MyInf2
{
void Display();
}

Use this in the class:

class ChildClass: MyInf,MyInf2
{
public void Show()
{
// some implementation
}
public void Print()
{
// some implementation
}
public void Display()
{
// some implementation
}
}

3. What are the advantages of properties (get, set)? When we go for properties? What is the difference with using properties and without using properties?

Ans: Properties are the way to carry the data from one class to another class, from one application to another application etc.

When we want to send the data from one class to another class or event one application to another application, we can set the value and get its value to another place.

We can do our tasks without using the properties and in that case we need to send our data as the parameters and get it to another class as below:

class A

{

public int IsValid(int val1, int val2, string val3, string val4)

{

B objB = new B();

int result= objB.Validate(val1,val2,val3,val4);

}

Now in the class B, we will have the Validate method and will do the validation based on the input values:

class B

{

public int Validate(int val1, int val2, string val3, string val4)

{

// some processing

}

return true;

}

here we can see that we have not used the properties for sending the data from class A to class B. And it will work fine.

Now we will try the same task using the properties. We will create a class which will contain all the properties as below:

public class MyProperties

{

public int Val1{get;set;}

public int Val2{get;set;}

public string Val3{get;set;}

public string Val4{get;set;}

}

Now we will try to set these value and pass this whole object to another class:

class A

{

public int IsValid(int val1, int val2, string val3, string val4)

{

var objMyProperties= new MyProperties()

{

Val1 = val1,

Val2 = val2,

Val3 = val3,

Val4 = val4,

};

B objB = new B();

int result= objB.Validate(objMyProperties);

}

And your B class will be:

class B

{

public int Validate(MyProperties objProperties)

{

var value1 = objProperties.Val1;

var value2 = objProperties.Val2;

var value3 = objProperties.Val3;

var value4 = objProperties.Val4;

// some processing

}

return true;

}

Here we can see that if we are adding additional properties or removing the existing properties, our call will not affect in class A and then method signature will also be same in class B.

But in the first case, if we remove one parameter or add additional parameter, we need to make the changes in the Class A calling method as well as the method signature in the Class B also.

4. Can we write goto statement in Finally block.

Ans: No. We can’t write the goto statement in finally block. We can write the goto statement in try or in catch block because finally block must execute all the statements inside whether the exception raised or not. So the control can't move to outside from finally block.

If we try to do, it will show the compile time error saying "Control cannot leave the body of finally clause".

5. Two class nested ,can we call upper class in inner class?

Ans: Yes, we can class the upper class inside the inner class.

6. Can get and set method have another access modifier ?

Ans: Yes. We can have protected or private with the access modifiers in getter and setter.

7. Can class declare protected?
Ans: No. The class can NOT be declared as private, protected or protected internal. Not only the class, any elements inside the namespace can't be declared as private, protected or protected internal. We can declare the class either internal or public.

If we create a class with the private or protected modifier, it will show the compile time error:

8. Can abstract class have constructor?
Ans: Yes, abstract class can also have constructor where we can initialize the members.

9. Can a instance class have static constructor?

Ans: Yes, the instance class can have static constructor.

ASP.Net MVC related questions

2016-10-28T06:12:00.001-07:00

Hey Friends,

Now a days we can see lot of companies asking about the ASP.net MVC related questions in their interviews. So i thought of to keep few questions which are related to the ASP.Net MVC and they will be helpful for all of them who are going for the interviews or preparing for the ASP.Net MVC.

Here I kept many questions which are related to all the versions of ASP.Net MVC to keep in mind that interviewer can ask the questions from various aspects.

1. What is MVC?

Ans. MVC (Model View Controller) is one of the Software Architectural pattern which is built on 3 layers. So it is the pattern which basically talks about the separation of concern for a project. Here the 3 parts are having their own roles like:

a. Model - It is used as the Data Container or it can also have the business rules, functions, logic's etc.

b. View - It is mainly the UI (User Interface) part which is the main application built using the Web technologies like ASP.Net etc. It consists of the User Interface Design, representation of the information for the end users etc.

c. Controller - It is the mediator between the View and Model and used to control the requests and responses floating through the views and Model. The command, Actions, Events are the part of Controller in MVC. All the communication is done via Controller so we can say that Controller is the heart of MVC.

2. What is ASP.Net MVC?

Ans. ASP.Net MVC is the Microsoft product based on the core MVC pattern. The Microsoft has taken the core concept of MVC and Designed the ASP.Net MVC structure for the Visual Studio which helps the developers to get the automated structure and on it, they can built the applications.

ASP.Net MVC provides the structure with the separation of concerns where each part of ASP.Net MVC application is separate and has no link among them. Apart from the separation of concerns, the Microsoft has provided the way to communicate between the separate components by using the other additional logic and libraries. These libraries supports in the connection, communication between the components, databases and other external components as well with small effort.

3. How ASP.Net MVC is different than MVC?

Ans. ASP.Net MVC is the inherited form of Core MVC where Microsoft has designed their MVC patterns based on the original core MVC concept. The Microsoft also provided the new MVC structure (ASP.Net MVC) which has the inbuilt capabilities of communication with their components, connection with the database etc. The ASP.Net MVC has the good support for creating mobile application. We can create the Mobile applications in ASP.Net MVC using the predefined template.

4. What are the new features of ASP.Net MVC 2?

Ans. There are few major changes happened in the version MVC2. The Microsoft has more concentrated on the HTML Helpers, Validations support, Async controllers etc.Below are the few point which distinguishes the ASP.Net MVC 2 different than the previous versions:
a. New HTML Helpers with Strongly Typed
b. Model based validations- This is very useful feature where the validation is done in the Model and will be used throughout the application.
c. Automatic scaffolding feature also got introduces with this version.
d. Asynchronous controller support which enables the multiple tasks to run simultaneously.
e. Html.RenderAction introduced to render the section/part of the page.

5. Explain MVC Architecture?
Ans. MVC architecture comes with 3 major components-Model, View and Controller.

The main objective of the MVC design pattern is to separate the logic with the UI. So the separation of Concerns is one of the biggest advantage of the MVC design pattern where the UI is separate with business logic.

The user sends the request and the request is taken by the Controller which is heart of the MVC model and takes care of all the actions and events happens in the View. The controller checks whether the request required the Model intervention and if so then call the model to serve the database operations and get the result back. Based on the Model data, the View will be populated. So the Model and View are nothing but the mapping of each other. View is always gets populated based on the Model and not rendered.

6. What are the new features of ASP.Net MVC 3?

Ans. a. Scaffolding option for the speedup process

b. Razor engine with the new razor syntax for good readability of the View code.

c. HTML 5 support

d. Model based validations

e. Model Binders to bind the model with View

f. Action filters

g. Nuget enabled

h. Output caching for partial page

7. What are the new features of ASP.Net MVC 4?

Ans. a. Mobile support by adding a new Mobile Project template

b. ASP.net Web API added for the HTTP requests

c. Task class support with Async methods

d. Bundling and Magnification

e. Login with the social networking websites

f. Support of Windows Azure SDK

g. Display modes for the webpage and mobile layout page

8. What are the new features of ASP.Net MVC 5?

Ans. a. One ASP.Net for all type of Web templates

b. Bootstrap enabled for the ASP.net MVC 5

c. New Authentication Filter for Controller/Controllers

d. Attribute Routing

e. New Scaffolding option

f. Filter overrides feature

9. Explain ASP.Net MVC application life cycle?

Ans. The application life cycle of ASP.net MVC includes the request, processing, filtering and execution and then finally the response back to the requester. The request first goes to URL routing module(HTTP Module) and there it gets decided that whether this is MVC request and will be handled or not. Now if the request is for MVC application, the URL routing module selects the first route which is satisfying the requested URL. As soon as the first match found for the requested URL, the process for the execution begins with the Controller and Model(if any) and the response sends back to the browser.

10. Advantages of MVC Framework?

Ans. Below are the advantages of MVC framework:

a. Separation of Concerns

b. Light weight

c. No round trip for the layers

d. Decoupling between the layers

e. No dependencies between the Model, View and Controller

11. What do you mean by Separation of Concerns?

Ans. Separation of concerns means all the three components (Model, View and Controller) are not dependent to each other. We can have a single controller which can server the request and can use any number of Views to populate.

12. Where do we see Separation of Concerns in MVC?

Ans. We can see the separation of concern when we add/remove a View, it will not impact on rest of the application because its all depends on when you call, then only it will be used. if there is no call for the View, the application can just keep the view or model with no dependencies.

13. What is Razor View Engine in ASP.Net MVC 3?

Ans. Razor View engine is the new engine which the Microsoft has introduces with the ASP.Net MVC 3. So from ASP.net MVC 3 onward, we can see the ASP.net MVC application will support ASPX as well as Razor view engine. So when we use .aspx to develop our Views, it will use the ASPX engine to execute and when we use the Razor Views(.cshtml or .vbhtml), then it will use the Razor view engine to execute them.

14. Explain the advantages of using routing in ASP.NET MVC?
Ans. There are many advantages of using routing mechanism in ASP.Net MVC like:
a. To keep the URL clean- as in MVC, the default format for the URL is "http://www.myweb.com/Customer/GetCustomer/10". This URL shows that GetCustomer will give the customer details for the id as 10.
b. Discovering the URL by End User- The end user can easily discover the URL details like in above URL, the end user can discover that this URL will give the Customer details for the customer id 10.
c. Avoiding the database id's in URL- with this, we can avoid the id's which are defined in the database.

15. What are the things that are required to specify a route ? Which is a better fit, Razor or ASPX?
Ans. RouteConfig.cs is the class used to define the routes. This file is placed under the App_Start folder. The file RouteConfig.cs contains one default route, however the programmer can define other routes as per their requirements.

To Specify a route, we need Name and URL of the route. The default URL contains the Controller Name, Action name and the id(if required). By this route, the actual URL gets mapped and if it maps correctly, the view will get displayed, else it shows the 404 error (file not found).

16. How can you do authentication and authorization in ASP.Net MVC?
Ans. Windows and Form Authentication are available for the Authentication & Autherization in ASP.Net MVC.

17. How to implement Windows authentication for ASP.Net MVC?
Ans. To Implement the Windows Authentication, it is similar to other application where we can define the authentication mechanism in the config file. In the same way, we can implement the Windows Authentication & Authorization using the below snippet:

Now, we can retrict the particualr use to access the controller as below:

We can also restrict the action methods by using the same attribute.

18. How do you implement Forms authentication in ASP.Net MVC? Mention some of the return types of a controller action method.

Ans. The Form Authentication implementation is similar to the ASP.Net form authentication where we need to check the user credentials in each forms to validate the user and then provie the access.
For this, we need to first define the Form Authentication Mode in Web.Config file as:

Now once we define the Form Authentication, we can check the user and set the cookies as:

We also need to include the "using System.Web.Security;" as namespace to get the FormAuthentication class.
The above code is checking the user credentials and then setting it in AuthCookie. Now onwards wherver we want to check for the Form Authentication, we just need to add the [Autherize] attrivute to the action methods as:

19. Is ASP.Net MVC suitable for both Windows and web applications?
Ans. No, ASP.Net MVC is primarility made for the Web Applications development. For the Windows Application, MVP is most suitable.

20. What are the benefits of using ASP.Net MVC?
Ans. The major benefits using ASP.Net MVC are:
a. Separation of concern- separate code behind file
b. Automated testing - testing of the logic with no UI

21. Is MVC different from a three layered architecture?
Ans. Yes, MVC is different than the 3 layered architecture in terms of UI layer(no code behind or separate code behind in MVC), the communication between layers, routing mechanisms etc.
In 3 Layered architecture:
UI <------> Business logic Layer <-------> Data Access Layer
In MVC:
Controller -----> Model
| |
UI(View) <------- span="">

22. What is the latest version of ASP.Net MVC?
Ans. The current version of ASP.Net MVC is 6. This version of ASP.Net MVC is also called as ASP V-Next which is the common framework to develop MVC, Web Pages, Web API, Signal R applications. Also it can be self hosted and not depends on IIS for hosting.

23. What is the difference between each version of ASP.Net MVC?
Ans. Below are the features in each of the version in ASP.Net MVC:

ASP.Net MVC 2
a. Async Controller
b. DefaultValueAttribute in Action Method
c. Area concept
d. Bind binary data with the Model binder
e. Model based validations
f. DataAnnotations support
g. Html.ValidationSummary helper method

ASP.Net MVC 3
a. Razor syntax and Razor engine
b. Support for HTML 5
c. Automatic templates available for the Create, List, Edit, View via Scaffolding

ASP.Net MVC 4
a. Web API introduction under ASP.Net MVC
b. Mobile project templates
c. Bundling & Minification
d. Task support for Asynchronous controller
e. Azure SDK
f. Enable login using 3rd party sites like Facebook, Google, Twitter etc by OAuth & OpenId

ASP.Net MVC 5
a. Attribute based routing
b. One ASP.Net
c. Bootstrap in MVC Templates auto-enabled
d. Authentication Filters
e. Filter Overrides

ASP.Net MVC 6
a. Merging of ASP.Net MVC and Web API
b. Inbuilt DI(Dependency Injection)
c. JSON based project structure(Added JSON)
d. Nuget package based
e. Auto-build by save using Roslyn compiler.
f. Open Source(Runs on Mono, Linux & Mac)

24. What are HTML helpers in MVC?
Ans. To render HTML controls in View, HTML Helpers are used.
e.g. Html.TextBox("Address")

25. What is the difference between "HTML.TextBox" vs "HTML.TextBoxFor" in ASP.Net MVC?
Ans. Both the "HTML.TextBox" and "HTML.TextBoxFor" will produce the same output but the "HTML.TextBoxFor" is strongly typed while "HTML.TextBox" is weakly typed.
e.g. Html.TextBox("Address") // weakly type

it will give the same output as

e.g. Html.TextBoxFor(x => x.Address) // strongly type

26. What is routing in MVC?
Ans. Routing in MVC is used to define the URL structure. It also map the URL to the controller and Action method. Fore more details, go to the Q.15

27. Where is the route mapping code written?
Ans. RouteConfig.cs is the file where the route is configured. Fore more details, go to the Q.15

28. Can we map multiple URLs to the same action?
Ans.Yes, we can map the multiple URL's to the same action method.

29. How can we navigate from one view to other view using a hyperlink?
Ans. Simply, We can use the ActionLink method and [provide the controller and action method as the parameters. e.g.

Html.ActionLink("Home","Index")

30. How can we restrict MVC actions to be invoked only by GET or POST?
Ans. We can restrict the actions to be called by GET or POST by decorating the action method by HttpGet or HttpPost as below:

31. How can we maintain sessions in MVC?
Ans. There are various ways to maintain Sessions like-
a. Use Session variables
b. Use Hidden Fields and Html Controls
c. ViewBag - uses Dynamic keyword internally. No need to do casting.
d. ViewData - used to pass data from Controller to View. Casting is required.
e. TempData - between controller to controller or Action to action. It uses Session internally.

32. What is the difference between tempdata, viewdata, and viewbag?
Ans. TempData maintains the data for complete request while ViewData can be used from controller to View.See Q.31

33. What are partial views in ASP.Net MVC?
Ans. Partial View is like User Controls in ASP.Net so they can be used in other views. We can embed as many Partial Views in Main View.

34. How do you create a partial view and consume it in ASP.Net MVC 4?
Ans. While creating a new view, we can see the option is given to make this view as partial. We need to check the checkbox "Create a Partial View". Once we design and do all the stuff related to filling the data in to the partial view, we can call it using the Html.RenderPartial("MyPartialView") into our main view.

35. How can we do validations in ASP.Net MVC?
Ans. In ASP.Net MVC, there is no need to do validation in the page(view). We can do the Model based validation which will be done in the Model using the Data Annotations.
To use the Data Annotation, we need to include
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; namespace in to our model.

36. Can we display all errors in one go? or Validation summery in ASP.Net MVC.
Ans. Html helper class contains a method with the name as ValidationSummary which can be used to show all the errors in one go.
e.g. Html.ValidationSummary()

37. How can we enable data annotation validation on the client side?
Ans. To enable the Data Annotations at the client side, first we need to include the JQuery validation file and then call the Html.EnableClientValidation() method.

38. What is Razor in MVC?
Ans. Razor is the new engine to parse the MVC code. From ASP.Net MVC 3, Microsoft has introduces this engine. So in ASP.Net MVC 3, there are 2 View Engines- Razor and ASPX

39. Why Razor when we already have ASPX?
Ans. The Razor view Engine is lightweight as compare to the ASPX view engine. Razor engine has quite readable and simple syntax's.

40. How to implement AJAX in MVC
Ans. There are 2 ways to implement AJAX in MVC:
a. By using JQuery
b. By using Ajax Libraries

41. What kind of events can be tracked in AJAX?
Ans.

42. What is the difference between ActionResult and ViewResult?
Ans.

43. What are the different types of results in MVC?
Ans.

44. What are ActionFilters in MVC?
Ans.

45. Can we create our own custom view engine using MVC?
Ans.

46. How to send result back in JSON format in MVC
Ans.

47. What is WebAPI?
Ans.

48. But WCF SOAP also does the same thing, so how does WebAPI differ? With WCF you can implement REST, so why WebAPI?
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49. How can we detect that a MVC controller is called by POST or GET?
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50. What is Bundling and Minification in MVC?
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51. How does bundling increase performance?
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52. How do we implement bundling in MVC?
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53. How can you test bundling in debug mode?
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54. Explain minification and how to implement it. How do we implement Minification?
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55. Explain Areas in MVC?
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56. Explain the concept of View Model in MVC?
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57. What kind of logic view model class will have?
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58. How can we use two(multiple) models in a single view?
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