MAP IN THE EARTH

German satellite, Roentgen SATtelite (Rosat) fell to the earth's surface

2011-10-24T05:56:00.001-07:00

German satellite, Roentgen SATtelite (Rosat) fell to the earth's surface, yesterday. After becoming space junk since 1999, the German Space Agency (DLR) estimates Rosat into the surface of the Earth's atmosphere at around 01:45 GMT (08:45 GMT) or 02:15 GMT (09:15 GMT), Sunday morning, October 23, 2011.
Until now, DLR has yet to confirm the location falls Rosat. So it is with other space agencies, such as the United States Space Agency (NASA).

However, the page called Rosat Spaceweather.com fall on land in the territory of Northern Thailand. On that page, a satellite expert Harro Zimmer called Rosat Rosat entering Earth's atmosphere at around 01:56 GMT (08:56 GMT), at coordinates 21.33 North latitude and 100.32 east longitude.
During this time, mainland rarely fall into the location of space junk, because it usually falls in the ocean. Even so, there has been no official confirmation also from the Government of Thailand regarding the location of the fall of Rosat.
Previously, Rosat predicted falls around the Pacific Ocean. However, there are also predictions that call Rosat fall in Southeast Asia.
Before the so-called falling in Thailand, Rosat predicted fall in Southeast Asia in the eastern Indian Ocean Sri Lanka; near the Andaman sea off the coast of Myanmar; or near the Bay of Bengal, in the sea area between East and West India Indonesia.
This minivan-sized satellite is expected to burn in the atmosphere, but still there are 30 fragments weighing 1.87 tons of other parts that did not burn and fall freely to the earth. Rosat largest debris that are expected to fall to earth is a system of heat-resistant mirror, made of special carbon material.
The satellite weighs 2.69 tons was launched at Cape Canaveral, Florida in 1990 and no longer used in 1999. Rosat used to examine the origin and composition of the spectra and energy distribution of X-ray radiation in the universe. Rosat therefore took the name of Wilhelm Roentgen, who is the inventor of the x-ray.
Although no longer in free fall after use, less likely to fall on settlement Rosat. The probability Rosat fell on the settlements is 1: 2,000. With a population of earth to reach nearly 7 billion, then the potential injured Rosat one individual is 1: 14 trillion.

Google Maps Jakarta Offer Traffic Information

2011-06-22T01:55:00.001-07:00

Want to know how jammed the streets in Jakarta? Now be known through the Google Maps service. Yes, the internet giant from the United States is already extending its expansion into the traffic in Jakarta. To try it, users can be visited http://maps.google.co.id. Then activate the layer 'Traffic' that its icon can be found at the top right of the display Google Maps. The color is adjusted to cover road traffic speed relative to road speed limit. Green means traffic moves fast and red or black means the traffic moving slowly or not moving at all.

The same information is available on Google Maps for Mobile, so the rider can make changes instantly if necessary route to avoid traffic jams. Traffic feature also lets users see forecasts of traffic conditions at different times on certain days, and on other days in the same week based on historical data.
Traffic information within Google Maps derived from the data provider PT Neo Fusion Indonesia and the data furnished by the 'audience' (crowdsourced) of the riders who can provide information about traffic conditions updated by setting their phones in order to provide the data anonymously.
If the riders set their phones so that Google Maps for Mobile works, GPS enabled, and the My Location feature is enabled, it will send back the items of information to Google about how fast the device is moving. When combined with anonymous data from other devices with similar capabilities, it helps Google Maps to create a better picture of traffic conditions.
"The Ministry of Transportation was pleased that Google has added traffic information directly (real time) into Google Maps," said Dr. Elly Sinaga, Director of Urban Transport System (BSTP), Directorate General of Land Transportation, Ministry of Transportation, in his statement
"It's certainly very useful for people in Jakarta who will now have a tool that will help them plan their trips in the city more efficiently. They can use this traffic information from their computers or cell phones to avoid unexpected delays and up to goals more quickly, "he continued.
Meanwhile, according to Andrew McGlinchey, Head of Product Google Southeast Asia, it has worked to bring the ground transportation information is accurate and comprehensive in a global mapping platform that can be accessed easily by people of Indonesia from any device.
"Layer traffic to Jakarta in Google Maps is an important step in helping the Indonesian people arrange their travel time with better and easier for them to plan their trips around town and at the same time reducing the burden of traffic areas as a whole," he concluded

5.5 magnitude quake hits Sumatra Tarutung

2011-06-13T18:23:00.000-07:00

After overnight hit Tahuna, North Sulawesi, this morning earthquake shook parts of Indonesia back precisely in the area Tarutung, North Sumatra. An earthquake measuring 5.5 on the Richter Scale occurred at a depth of 10 kilometers and stated no tsunami potential.

Based on data released sites Climatology Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), Tuesday (06/14/2011), the quake occurred at 7:08 pm.

The quake's epicenter was recorded at 30 km southeast of Tarutung, North Sumatra and 39 km northeast of Sibolga, North Sumatra. The location coordinates of the earthquake was recorded at 1.79 N and 99.13 latitude.

Know Your Puzzle-GIS: GIS Software Free Java-Based

2011-06-13T08:38:00.000-07:00

Java Puzzle-GIS is Geographic Information Systems (GIS) development platform that is built using the NetBeans Platform. The main purpose built Puzzle-GIS is the availability of free GIS software that can produce spatial data as well as a competitive tool as an alternative to other commercial GIS software.

Puzzle-GIS is divided into two versions, namely User and Developer. For User version, users can use the GIS software that can be running on all these operating systems are multi-screen and multi project simultaneously. User interface high quality and ease of installation process becomes important points in Puzzle-GIS.

Untuk versi Developer, seperti yang terdapat di website-nya, keunggulan Puzzle-GIS diantaranya :

100% Java (at least we try to be)

Java Web Start supported

One version for all operating systems

No operating system limitation (just need a JVM 1.6 or more)

No installation needed (because of Java Web Start)

Built on NetBeans Platform for a professional architecture

Built on GeoToolKit, a high quality GIS library

You can try the Puzzle-GIS which is currently available in version 0.7

How the iPhone Knowing your location?

2011-06-13T08:36:00.001-07:00

Allegations that the iPhone / iPad has been tracking and recording the location-based data on mobile devices has been argued by Apple. Bitten apple logo company stated that it was just a bug that occurs in a location-based software that has been storing the user's location without ever automatically delete it after so long. Then how exactly the iPhone know your location?

iPhone and iPad also has embedded technology in Assisted-Global Positioning System (A-GPS) which is a refinement of the GPS satellite positioning as in the hemisphere. Advanced Positioning Method contained in A-GPS is a positioning method of the most high accuracy compared with other position detection method. so that A-GPS is much more efficient and effective in accessing information from the satellite because it does not need tolook for the data one by one from the existing 24 satellites ,but A -GPSalready knows the target ( satellite),which are required or intended . Furthermore, A-GPS is a service that combines GPS and GSM systems (Global System for Mobile Communications).

Apple and Google also through its Android also uses Wi-Fi positioning technology. This technology is the answer to a better location accuracy in urban and indoor areas, because of tall buildings and roofs of buildings blocking the GPS to get a satellite transmission, thereby reducing the accuracy and speed of determination of location. As is known, the GPS may take up to about 10-15 minutes to get a satellite transmission at the first GPS enabled, and even then depending on its location, whether in open areas or not.

Wi-Fi positioning technology will work by logging on to the points Wi-Fi hotspots and cell phone tower near the gadget. For information, phone towers and Wi-Fi access point has a geographic location in the device when installed. The page on Wikipedia here might give an idea of how the technology Wi-Fi or Wi-Fi positioning Trilateration.

Apple has been using Wi-Fi positioning technology that began to be used in IOS 4 of the companies that already have a database of Wi-Fi access points worldwide, Skyhook [http://www.skyhookwireless.com/howitworks/coverage.php].

With one or both technologies, the iPhone user's location / iPad quickly and precisely to find out his position every time you open the Maps application which is marked with a blue circle. When the circle appears large, in fact the GPS / A-GPS was working and collecting other sources, both from mobile phone towers and Wi-Fi hotspots to get the most precise location. When the location is believed by the software as an appropriate location, bright blue color with a small size indicates the exact location.

Working with Garmin Data Cards

2011-06-13T08:30:00.001-07:00

You have the option to transfer all data types in MapSource to a removable storage card. The storage card accepts all data types, but only some Garmin GPS devices are capable of reading all data types. All Garmin GPS devices, however, are capable of reading the map data.

The following are possible scenarios when transferring MapSource data. NOTE: Not all data transfer options will be available in MapSource unless you own the specific GPS device:

Transferring only maps to the storage card: The storage card is completely erased before adding new maps.
Transferring maps as well as other data (waypoints, routes, and tracks): The storage card is completely erased before adding new maps, waypoints, routes, and tracks to the storage card.
Transferring only waypoints, routes, and tracks (no maps): There are two scenarios. 1) If the data card currently has maps stored on it, the maps stay on the storage card and the other data is erased and replaced with new data. 2) If the data card contains no maps, the storage card is completely erased and replaced with new data.

NOTE: Preloaded (pre-programmed) BlueChart or Fishing Hot Spots data cards should not be used in the USB Programmer or in a GPS device for saving MapSource maps. The preloaded data will be lost. If you have a BlueChart or Fishing Hot Spots data card in your GPS device, remove it before transferring maps sets to avoid losing the preloaded data. If you choose to overwrite the preloaded data on a BlueChart or Fishing Hot Spots data card, Garmin will not replace or recover the lost data.

Transferring and Saving MapSource Data For GPS GARMIN

2011-06-13T08:28:00.001-07:00

Map Sets, waypoints, routes, and tracks can be transferred from MapSource to a Garmin device or from a Garmin device to MapSource.

NOTE: For information on connecting your GPS or other Garmin device to your computer, refer to your unit's Owner's Manual. Always check your GPS Owner's Manual to verify which data transfer options are available.

Data can be transferred in a variety of methods, as shown in the list below:

To the internal memory of a Garmin GPS device, which accepts all data types: maps, waypoints, routes, and tracks. You can transfer through a Serial Port or a USB Port (if applicable).
To a Storage Card in a Garmin GPS Device via a serial or USB port (if applicable). The storage card accepts all data types, but only some Garmin GPS devices are capable of reading all data types.
To a Garmin storage card in a Garmin USB data card programmer. Some GPS devices will accept all data types, but most only accept map data.
To a non-Garmin storage card in a Card Reader connected to your computer. Depending on what your Garmin GPS Device supports, the available card types are Compact Flash (CF) or Secure Digital (SD) Cards. Only map data may be transferred.
To a Secure Digital (SD) Card in a Garmin iQue or to the unit’s internal memory. Only maps may be transferred from MapSource to the iQue. Maps are saved and transferred to the iQue during the next HotSync operation. iQue users may also transfer tracks from the iQue to MapSource via a HotSync operation.
To a Secure Digital (SD) Card or to a Garmin cf Que in a Pocket PC, or to the unit's internal memory. You can transfer maps, waypoints, and tracks; route transfer is not supported at this time.

DATA CONVERSION INTO SHP PostGIS FOR USE IN

2011-06-13T08:26:00.000-07:00

Observe the sql file, whose contents would make the table and its content in accordance with shp files. example sql file content (road.sql): BEGIN; CREATE TABLE "troad" (gid serial PRIMARY KEY, "Fnode_" int8, "Tnode_" int8, "Lpoly_" int8, "Rpoly_" int8, "Length" float8, "Road_" int8, "Road_id" int8, "F_code" int2, "Name_e" varchar (26), "Name_f" varchar (26)); SELECT AddGeometryColumn troad ('',' ',' the_geom ',' -1 ',' MULTILINESTRING ', 2); INSERT INTO "troad" ("fnode_", "tnode_", "lpoly_", "rpoly_", "length", "road_", "road_id", "f_code", "name_e", "name_f", the_geom) VALUES ('65 ', '70', '3 ', '3', '31779 .260 ', '1', '1 ', '74', NULL, NULL, '01050000000100000001020000000400000000000000164F414100000060EB773

341000000A0EC494141000000808A71334100000080DF2B414100000080CE3E334100000000C41F414100000000E0273341 '); ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 7. load all these sql files into a PostgreSQL database by executing command with the format "psql-d [target_database]-f [file_sql]" in the SQL terminal monitor o psql-d-f dbspatialdemo road.sql o psql-d-f dbspatialdemo rail.sql o psql-d-f dbspatialdemo province.sql o psql-d-f dbspatialdemo popplace.sql o psql-d-f dbspatialdemo park.sql o psql-d-f dbspatialdemo land_fn.sql o psql-d-f dbspatialdemo grid.sql o psql-d-f dbspatialdemo fedlimit.sql o psql-d-f dbspatialdemo drainage.sql o psql-d-f dbspatialdemo drain_fn.sql Observe the results. • The column of type POINT geometry contained in the table: tpopplace • Column type MULTILINESTRING geometry contained in the table: troad; trail; tgrid; tfedlimit www.hatma.info 4 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS • Column type MULTIPOLYGON geometry contained in the table: tprovince; tpark; tland_fn; tdrainage; tdrain_fn 8. Create a GIST index on each column of type geometry at each table. Then do a vacuum analyze, to update the statistical geometry (do Vacuum regularly, especially when there are changes in spatial data) o CREATE INDEX troad_gist_index troad ON USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS ); VACUUM Analyze troad (the_geom); o CREATE INDEX trail trail_gist_index ON USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS); Analyze VACUUM trail (the_geom); o CREATE INDEX tprovince_gist_index tprovince ON USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS); VACUUM Analyze tprovince (the_geom); o CREATE INDEX tpopplace_gist_index tpopplace ON USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS); VACUUM Analyze tpopplace (the_geom); o CREATE INDEX tpark_gist_index tpark ON USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS ); VACUUM Analyze tpark (the_geom); o CREATE INDEX tland_fn_gist_index tland_fn ON USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS); VACUUM Analyze tland_fn (the_geom); o CREATE INDEX tgrid_gist_index tgrid ON USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS ); VACUUM Analyze tgrid (the_geom); o CREATE INDEX tfedlimit_gist_index tfedlimit ON USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS); VACUUM Analyze tfedlimit (the_geom); o CREATE INDEX tdrainage_gist_index tdrainage ON USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS); VACUUM Analyze tdrainage (the_geom); o CREATE INDEX tdrain_fn_gist_index tdrain_fn ON USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS); VACUUM Analyze tdrain_fn (the_geom); 9. Gid Create an index on each table. Due to speed up the query, then required a unique column in a table geometry, with the index that has been defined him: o CREATE INDEX ON troad_gid troad (gid); o CREATE INDEX ON trail_gid trail (gid); o CREATE INDEX ON tprovince_gid tprovince (gid); o CREATE INDEX ON tpopplace_gid tpopplace (gid); o CREATE INDEX ON tpark_gid tpark (gid); o CREATE INDEX ON tland_fn_gid tland_fn (gid); www.hatma.info 5 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS o CREATE INDEX ON tgrid_gid tgrid (gid); o CREATE INDEX ON tfedlimit_gid tfedlimit (gid); o CREATE INDEX ON tdrainage_gid tdrainage (gid); o CREATE INDEX ON tdrain_fn_gid tdrain_fn (gid); 10. See in pgAdmin, whether ten table and its contents have been entered in the database. If true, then you have successfully entered shp data into a table in the database. STEP I. CREATING A DATABASE Spatial 1. PgAdmin Run, and then create a new user WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS Then enter the new user data 2. Create a new database, using template_postgis WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS 3. Enter the database details 4. Copy the shp files are used in the sample application demo WebGIS above, from folder D: \ ms4w \ apps \ demo \ samples \ data into the bin directory on the server installation PostgreSQL (C: \ Program Files \ PostgreSQL \ 8.2 \ bin). 5. Then run "psql" SQL terminal monitor, and do the conversion of all files shp above into the form *. sql. Thus obtained ten sql file. o shp2pgsql road troad> road.sql o shp2pgsql rail trail> rail.sql o shp2pgsql province tprovince> province.sql o shp2pgsql popplace tpopplace> popplace.sql o shp2pgsql park tpark> park.sql o shp2pgsql land_fn tland_fn> land_fn.sql o shp2pgsql grid tgrid> grid.sql o shp2pgsql fedlimit tfedlimit> fedlimit.sql o shp2pgsql drainage tdrainage> drainage.sql o shp2pgsql drain_fn tdrain_fn> drain_fn.sql WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS In the above discussion we have had some shp data used in sample / demo WebGIS, among others: o raster image: bathymetry layer (bath_mapserver.tif) o polygon: land_fn layer (land_fn.shp); layer park (park.shp); layer drain_fn (Drain_fn.shp); drainage layer (drainage.shp) o line: layer prov_bound (province.shp); layer fedlimit (fedlimit.shp); layer rail (rail.shp); Layer Road (road.shp); o point: layer popplace (popplace.shp); o grid: grid layer (grid.shp) Next we will change the above shp data into a table in the database PostgreSQL

OVERVIEW OF INSTALLATION PostgreSQL and PostGIS

2011-06-13T08:24:00.000-07:00

MAINTAINING CONSISTENCY IN COLUMN SPATIAL DATA Make sure we meet the geometry column OpenGIS standard specification. One of them with the function IsValid (). For example: select IsValid ('LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)'), IsValid ('LINESTRING (0 0.0 0)'); IsValid | IsValid ---------+--------- t | f There are ways to make us keep the data in order to remain compliant, ie by creating a check constraint. For example: ALTER TABLE mytable ADD CONSTRAINT CHECK geometry_valid_check (IsValid (the_geom)); check constraint will also be created automatically if you add a column geometric with AddGeometryColumn command (). LOADING spatial data There are several methods we can use. The first way is to use insert query command as usual. Suppose we create a file (roads.sql) containing:

2 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS BEGIN; INSERT INTO ROADS_GEOM (ID, Genome, NAME) VALUES (1, GeomFromText ('LINESTRING (243,118.191108 191 232 243 242)', -1), 'Jeff Rd'); INSERT INTO ROADS_GEOM (ID, Genome, NAME) VALUES (2, GeomFromText ('LINESTRING (244,158.189265 189 141 244 817)', -1), 'Geordie Rd'); INSERT INTO ROADS_GEOM (ID, Genome, NAME) VALUES (3, GeomFromText ('LINESTRING (228,138.192612 192 783 229 814)', -1), 'St. Paul'); INSERT INTO ROADS_GEOM (ID, Genome, NAME) VALUES (4, GeomFromText ('LINESTRING (252,431.189631 189 412 259 122)', -1), 'Graeme Ave'); INSERT INTO ROADS_GEOM (ID, Genome, NAME) VALUES- (5, GeomFromText ('LINESTRING (224,148.190871 190 131 228 134)', -1), 'Phil TCE'); INSERT INTO ROADS_GEOM (ID, Genome, NAME) VALUES- (6, GeomFromText ('LINESTRING (263,418.198213 198 231 268 322)', -1), 'Dave Cres'); COMMIT; Then execute the command on the "psql" SQL terminal monitor: psql-d [database]-f roads.sql USING SHP2PGSQL If we already have a shp file that contains our spatial data, easier using data shp2pgsql loader that will convert ESRI shp file into SQL. Shp2pgsql can we run on the "psql" SQL terminal monitor. For example: shp2pgsql shaperoads myschema.roadstable> roads.sql psql-d-f roadsdb roads.sql Or: shp2pgsql shaperoads myschema.roadstable | psql-d roadsdb Showing SPATIAL DATA To display the spatial data, we use the SELECT command. For example: SELECT id, AsText (Genome) U.S. Genome, name FROM ROADS_GEOM; We can use several operators in our query: www.hatma.info 3 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS o & & Say whether the outer boundary geometry of an object intersects / intersect with the boundary outer geometry of other objects. o ~ = Test whether the 2 pieces of geometry is identical. For example, if 'POLYGON ((0 0.1 1.1 0.0 0)) 'synonymous with' Polygon ((0 0.1 1.1 0.0 0)) '(yes). o = Test whether the outer limits of 2 pieces of geometry is identical Example: SELECT ID, NAME FROM ROADS_GEOM Genome WHERE ~ = GeomFromText ('LINESTRING (243,118.191108 191 232 243 242)', -1); SELECT ID, NAME FROM ROADS_GEOM WHERE GeomFromText Genome & & ('POLYGON ((191232 243117.191232 243119.191234 - 243,117.191232 243 117 ))',- 1); USING PGSQL2SHP We can use pgsql2shp to convert a table (or a particular spatial data on our database) into the ESRI file formats. shp pgsql2shp [<options>] <database> [<schema>.] <table> pgsql2shp [<options>] <database> <query> INDEX MAKE Spatial Index is used to speed data search. Using PostGIS GiST (Generalized Search Trees) indexes. CREATE INDEX [indexname] ON [tablename] USING GIST ([geometryfield] GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS); Table with 1 million barisdata, at 300MHz Solaris machine, requires computing waktgu 1 hr. www.hatma.info 4 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS Then execute the command to create / update the statistical geometry very importantly, to optimize query execution by the database. Analyze VACUUM [table_name] ([column_name]); Vacuum Database Should be done regularly, as in most PostgreSQL DBA with a cron job to do VACUUM periodically, to keep the index can function well in accelerating the query. Complex queries We can use the functions of geometry in our query command. Suppose function distance () is used to measure the distance between 2 pieces of geometry objects. SELECT the_geom FROM geom_table WHERE distance (the_geom, GeomFromText ('POINT (100 000 200 000)', -1)) <100 We can use the function expand () to find objects within a radius geometry of an object: SELECT * FROM GEOTABLE WHERE GEOCOLUMN & & Expand (GeomFromText ('POINT (1000 1000)', -1), 100) AND Distance (GeomFromText ('POINT (1000 1000)', -1), GEOCOLUMN) <100; Spatial functions can be seen in the manual / PostGIS reference. EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION Spatial SQL Create a table and its contents with the following command. CREATE TABLE bc_roads ( gid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR ) SELECT AddGeometryColumn ('public', 'bc_roads', 'the_geom', -1, 'LINESTRING', 2); www.hatma.info 5 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS insert into bc_roads values (1, 'FIRST STREET', GeomFromText ('LINESTRING (1 1, 3 2, 4 3)')); insert into bc_roads values (2, 'SECOND STREET', GeomFromText ('LINESTRING (2 4, 4 0)')); CREATE TABLE bc_municipality ( gid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, code INTEGER UNIQUE, name VARCHAR ) SELECT AddGeometryColumn ('public', 'bc_municipality', 'the_geom', -1, 'MULTIPOLYGON', 2); insert into bc_municipality values (1, 101, 'AREA FIRST', GeomFromText ('MULTIPOLYGON (((1 1, 5 1, 5 5, 1 5, 1 1 )))')); insert into bc_municipality values (2, 102, 'SECOND AREA', GeomFromText ('MULTIPOLYGON (((4 4, 6 4, 6 6, 4 6, 4 4 )))')); insert into bc_municipality values (3, 103, 'AREA THIRD', GeomFromText ('MULTIPOLYGON (((2 2, 4 2, 4 4, 2 4, 2 2 )))')); insert into bc_municipality values (4, 104, 'AREA FOURTH', GeomFromText ('MULTIPOLYGON (( (2 2, 4 2, 4 4, 2 4, 2 2), (3 3, 4 3, 4 4, 3 4, 3 3))) ')); SIMPLE EXAMPLE OF THE PROBLEM 1. Seeking a total length of roads (in kilometers)? SELECT sum (length (the_geom)) / 1000 U.S. PANJANG_JALAN FROM bc_roads; 2. The location of the intersection of all roads with points (1 1) SELECT ASTEXT (intersection (the_geom, GeomFromText ('POINT (1 1)'))) FROM bc_roads; 3. Area Cities named 'AREA FIRST' (in hectares) SELECT area (the_geom) / 10 000 AS LUAS_HEKTAR FROM bc_municipality WHERE name = 'AREA FIRST'; 4. What is the biggest city? SELECT name, area (the_geom) / 10 000 AS LUAS_HEKTAR FROM bc_municipality LIMIT 1; www.hatma.info 6 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS Or SELECT max (area (the_geom) / 10000) U.S. LUAS_HEKTAR FROM bc_municipality; 5. How long is the road in each city? M.name SELECT, SUM (LENGTH (r.the_geom)) / 1000 U.S. KM_JALAN FROM bc_roads r, m bc_municipality WHERE Contains (m.the_geom, r.the_geom) AND m.the_geom & & r.the_geom GROUP BY m.name; 6. Create a new table with the contents: all roads in the city 'AREA FIRST' with additional column length was in all the cities, and the point of intersection with the city AREA FIRST. CREATE TABLE AS pg_roads SELECT r. *, ASTEXT (Intersection (r.the_geom, m.the_geom)) AS "Intersect IN:", LENGTH (r.the_geom) / 1000 AS "ORIGINAL LONG ROAD (KM)" FROM bc_roads r, m bc_municipality WHERE r.the_geom & & m.the_geom AND contains (m.the_geom, r.the_geom) AND m.name = 'AREA FIRST'; 7. How many kilometers long road "ONE WAY" in town "FIRST AREA"? SELECT SUM (LENGTH (r.the_geom)) / 1000 AS "KM length =" FROM bc_roads r, m bc_municipality WHERE m.name = 'AREA FIRST' AND r.name = 'ONE WAY' AND m.the_geom & & r.the_geom 8. Find the largest city that has a hole SELECT gid, area (the_geom) / 1000 AS 'AREA OF THE CITY " FROM bc_municipality WHERE nrings (the_geom)> 1 ORDER BY "CITY AREA" DESC LIMIT 1 SPATIAL OBJECT PostGIS supports all spatial objects be specified by the OpenGIS Consortium (Http://www.opengis.org) on the document for the Simple Features Specification for SQL (Http://www.opengis.org/techno/specs/99-049.pdf). PostGIS also develop capability with 3DZ, 3DM and 4D coordinates. WKB and time-out OpenGIS standard way to specify ada2 mengexpresikan spatial objects: the format Well-Known Text (timeout) and the Well-Known Binary (WKB). Examples of time-out: POINT (0 0) LINESTRING (0 0.1 1.1 2) Polygon ((0 0.4 0.4 4.0 4.0 0), (1 1, 2 1, 2 2, 1 2.1 1)) MultiPoint (0 0.1 2) MULTILINESTRING ((0 0.1 1.1 2), (2 3.3 2.5 4)) MULTIPOLYGON (((0 0.4 0.4 4.0 4.0 0), (1 1.2 1.2 2.1 2.1 1)), ((-1 -1, -1 -2, -2 -2, -2 -1, -1 -1))) GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POINT (2 3), LINESTRING ((2 3.3 4))) WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS Input data in the database typically uses time-out format as above. However, data spatial database is stored in hexadecimal format. We can manipulate the format Input / Output, as follows: bytea WKB = asBinary (geometry); text timeout = asText (geometry); geometry = GeomFromWKB (bytea WKB, SRID); geometry = GeometryFromText (text time-out, SRID); NB: SRID = spatial referencing system identifier. insert query example: INSERT INTO SPATIALTABLE (THE_GEOM, THE_NAME) VALUES (GeomFromText ('POINT (-126.4 45.32)', 312), 'A Place'); CREATING A SPATIAL DATABASE The easiest way is to use pgAdmin, which is already available on the shortcut Windows start menu, the folder PostgreSQL. After pgAdmin starts, select Edit menu
New Objects New Database. Enter the database template choices: template_postgis TABLES AND TABLE GEOMETRY_COLUMNS SPATIAL_REF_SYS We will look at our database there are some tables that have been made. One of them SPATIAL_REF_SYS and GEOMETRY_COLUMNS. Which is used to store meta information of spatial objects that we make. SELECT * FROM spatial_ref_sys; SELECT * FROM geometry_columns; CREATING A SPATIAL TABLE The first step is to make the database as usual. For example: CREATE TABLE ROADS_GEOM (ID int4, NAME varchar (25)) WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS The second step is to add a spatial column with AddGeometryColumn function. With the format: "SELECT AddGeometryColumn (<table_name>, <column_name>, <srid>, <type>, <dimension>). " For example: SELECT AddGeometryColumn ('public', 'roads_geom', 'Genome', 423, 'LINESTRING', 2); SELECT AddGeometryColumn ('roads_geom', 'Genome', 423, 'LINESTRING', 2); If you do not want to bother with SRID (Spatial Reference ID), give the value of SRID = -1. For example: CREATE TABLE roads (ROAD_ID int4, ROAD_NAME varchar (128)); SELECT AddGeometryColumn ('roads', 'roads_geom', -1, 'Geometry', 3); Note that the OGC geometries do not allow the value of Z or M. So that part dimension we just give the value 2. This section will review simply about PostGIS (spatial extension to PostgreSQL database). Database used: postgresql-8.2.3-1; on platform Windows INSTALLATION PostgreSQL - PostGIS There are various ways to build the PostgreSQL database that supports spatial data (PostGIS). But how easy it is to use the postgresql-8.2.msi (installer windows with full PostgreSQL features, including PostGIS) that can be downloaded at web site: http://www.postgresql.org. Then, do not forget to visit the site to PostGIS more complete information, including downloadable documentation / manual posGIS

HOW TO MAP SERVER INSTALLATION IN Chameleon

2011-06-13T08:21:00.000-07:00

INSTALLATION MS4W, MAPLAB AND Chameleon MS4W MS4W can be downloaded at www.maptools.org. In it are united application Apache Web Server, PHP, Map Server and the various libraries required to construct WebGIS system. There are two versions that can be downloaded MS4W, version 1.x and 2.x versions. But if we want to use Chameleon framework, more either select MS4W version 1.x (in use today is version 1.6) because the Chameleon not yet completely support PHP5 on version 2.x MS4W package. After you successfully download ms4w_1.6.zip, then extract the contents into root of the hard disk partition (eg C: / or D: /), so that the entire contents of the package is located in

MS4W C: / ms4w or D: / ms4w. Then execute apache-install.bat to install service Apache. If the service is already running, it will show the process httpd.exe in window Windows Task Manager. Check by opening http://localhost in your web browser. If the front page MS4W appear, then your installation successfully. Front page ms4w PHP MapScript To enable the PHP / MapScript, we have made some changes on konfiurasi php.ini located in D: \ ms4w \ Apache \ cgi-bin \ php.ini. remove character ";" On "; extension = php_mapscript_4.10.0.dll". Then restart Apache with execute apache-restart.bat. WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS To check the installation of MapScript, create a file in the folder msinfo.php D: \ ms4w \ Apache \ htdocs which contains: "<? Php echo ms_getVersion ();?>", Then open http://localhost/msinfo.php with a web browser. If the show version of MapServer report, then MapScript has been going well. Msinfo.php MapLab and Chameleon Download the package MapLab and Chameleon to MS4W on the website www.maptools.org. Then put the contents of chameleon_ms4w-2.4.1-20060906.zip and maplab_ms4w-2.2.1.zip to the directory http.d, apps, and apache / htdocs director ms4w you. Restart Apache, and consider whether to have seen the link url http://localhost MapLab Chameleon 2.2.1 and 2.4. If true, then the installation MapLab and Chameleon on MS4W has been successful. Maplab so flawlessly, it takes JRE (Java Runtime Environment) installed on your computer. Link URL Chameleon, on the main page Link URL MapLab, on the main page

MapServer WebGIS CREATING DEMO APPLICATION

2011-06-13T08:19:00.000-07:00

MapServer WebGIS CREATING DEMO APPLICATION

For more convenience, we will use GIS-based Web application demo MapServer and Chameleon framework that can be downloaded at http://www.hatma.info/download/gis/Demo_MapServer.zip. After the download is complete, extract its contents into the appropriate directory, ie: apps, http.d and Apache / htdocs, the directory ms4w you. Then restart Apache by executing apache-restart.bat. Open http://localhost with a web browser, then click the demo link on the "Hatma Suryotrisongko Web GIS Demo URLs: "(http://localhost/demo/demo.phtml) Link URL demo program, on the main page Display Web GIS Demo www.hatma.info 1 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS

HTML FILE AND PHTML Two main file located in D: \ ms4w \ apps \ demo \ samples \ htdocs, namely: demo.html Contains templates for interface applications, with source code / standard HTML tags and program / tag Chameleon framework, characterized by the dean opened and closed tags <cwc2 ...> with </ cwc2> <! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "- / / W3C / / DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional / / EN"> <html> <head> <title> Web GIS Demo </ title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> ............................... ff ................................... <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"> ............................... ff ................................... //--> </ Script> href="sample.css" <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> </ Head> <body onLoad="myOnLoad()"> <form method="post"> ............................... ff ................................... <div id="MainMapLayer" name="MainMapLayer"> <! - MapDHTML -> <Cwc2 type = "MapDHTML" visible = "true" width = "400" height = "300" allowresize = "true" marqueecolor = "FF3333" marqueewidth = "2" minscale = "1" bordercolor = "# 0000ff" borderwidth = "0 "/></ div> ............................... ff ................................... <! - That include the javascript code manages the DHTML layers -> src="sample.js" language="JavaScript" <script type="text/javascript"> </ script> </ Form> </ Body> </ Html> The contents of the file demo.html demo.phtml Contains the main class calls Chameleon, defines the template file and map file <? Php include ("../../ htdocs / chameleon.php "); www.hatma.info 2 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS $ SzTemplate = ". / Demo.html"; $ SzMapFile = ".. / map / chameleon.map"; SampleApp class extends Chameleon { SampleApp function () { parent:: Chameleon (); $ This-> moMapSession = new MapSession_RW; $ This-> moMapSession-> setTempDir (getSessionSavePath ()); } } $ OApp = new SampleApp (); $ OApp-> registerSkin ('skins / sample'); $ OApp-> CWCInitialize ($ szTemplate, $ szMapFile); $ OApp-> CWCExecute (); ?> The contents of the file demo.phtml DATA SHP Spatial map data stored in ESRI shp format in the directory D: \ ms4w \ apps \ demo \ samples \ data. o raster image: bathymetry layer (bath_mapserver.tif) o polygon: land_fn layer (land_fn.shp); layer park (park.shp); layer drain_fn (Drain_fn.shp); drainage layer (drainage.shp) o line: layer prov_bound (province.shp); layer fedlimit (fedlimit.shp); layer rail (rail.shp); Layer Road (road.shp); o point: layer popplace (popplace.shp); o grid: grid layer (grid.shp) CONFIGURATION FILE (CHAMELEON.MAP) The configuration file (*. map) is located in D: \ ms4w \ apps \ demo \ samples \ folder, (chameleon.map) which consists of several parts. Among others: • common definitions # # Start of map file # # Sample map file for a Chameleon app. www.hatma.info 3 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS # NAME DEMO STATUS ON SIZE 400 300 SYMBOLSET .. / etc / symbols.sym Extents -712 631 -2594561 3467361 3840000 Units Meters SHAPEPATH ".. / data" IMAGECOLOR 255 255 255 FONTSET .. / etc / fonts.txt TRANSPARENT FALSE • Web interface definition # # Start of web interface definition # WEB # MINSCALE 2000000 # MAXSCALE 50000000 # # On Windows systems, / tmp and / tmp / ms_tmp / Should Be created at the root # Of the drive Nowhere the. MAP file resides. # ImagePath "/ ms4w/tmp/ms_tmp /" ImageUrl "/ ms_tmp /" # LOG "/ tmp / gmap.log" Metadata END END • map reference # # Start of reference map # REFERENCE IMAGE images / keymap.gif Extents -712 631 -2594561 3467361 3840000 STATUS ON COLOR -1 -1 -1 OUTLINECOLOR 255 0 0 SIZE 120 1990 END • scale # # Start of scalebar # www.hatma.info 4 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS SCALEBAR IMAGECOLOR 255 255 255 LABEL COLOR 0 0 0 SIZE SMALL END SIZE 150 5 COLOR 255 255 255 BACKGROUNDCOLOR 0 0 0 OUTLINECOLOR 0 0 0 Units kilometers Intervals 5 STATUS ON END • mechanism of cartography as a result of the query process QUERYMAP STYLE HILITE COLOR 255 0 0 END • map projection system Projection "Init = EPSG: 42304" END Layer Definitions: • bathymetry layer (bath_mapserver.tif), raster image Layer GROUP "Raster" NAME bathymetry Metadata "DESCRIPTION" "Elevation / bathymetry" "GROUP" "Raster" "Layer" "bathymetry" END TYPE raster STATUS ON DATA bath_mapserver.tif Projection "Init = EPSG: 42304" END END • Examples of polygon-type layer: layer land_fn (land_fn.shp) www.hatma.info 5 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS Layer GROUP "Polygon" NAME land_fn Metadata "DESCRIPTION" "Foreign Lands" "GROUP" "Polygon" "Layer" "land_fn" END TYPE polygon STATUS ON DATA land_fn CLASS NAME "Foreign Lands" COLOR 240 240 240 OUTLINECOLOR 199 199 199 END Projection "Init = EPSG: 42304" END END • Example of layer-type line: layer prov_bound (province.shp) Layer GROUP "Line" NAME prov_bound Metadata "DESCRIPTION" "Province" "GROUP" "Line" "Layer" "prov_bound" END LINE TYPE STATUS ON DATA province CLASS NAME "Province" COLOR 120 120 120 END Projection "Init = EPSG: 42304" END END • Example of layer-type point: layer popplace (popplace.shp) Layer GROUP "Point" NAME popplace Metadata "DESCRIPTION" "Cities" www.hatma.info 6 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS "RESULT_FIELDS" "NAME" "GROUP" "Point" "Layer" "popplace" END TYPE POINT STATUS ON DATA popplace LabelItem "Name" CLASSITEM "Capital" CLASS EXPRESSION "1" TEMPLATE "ttt_query.html" SYMBOL 2 SIZE 8 NAME "Cities" LABEL COLOR 255 0 0 FONT-italic fritqat TYPE truetype SIZE 8 AUTO POSITION PARTIALS FALSE OUTLINECOLOR 255 255 255 END COLOR 0 0 0 END CLASS EXPRESSION / 2 | 3 / TEMPLATE "ttt_query.html" 7 SYMBOL SIZE 6 NAME "Cities" LABEL COLOR 0 0 0 FONT fritqat TYPE truetype SIZE 8 AUTO POSITION PARTIALS FALSE OUTLINECOLOR 255 255 255 END COLOR 0 0 0 END Tolerance 5 Projection "Init = EPSG: 42304" END END www.hatma.info 7 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS • layer grid (grid.shp) Layer GROUP "Grid" NAME "grid" Metadata "DESCRIPTION" "Grid" "GROUP" "Grid" "Layer" "grid" END LINE TYPE STATUS OFF DATA "grid" CLASS NAME "Graticule" COLOR 0 0 0 END Projection "Init = EPSG: 42304" END END More see the file chameleon.map on D: \ ms4w \ apps \ demo \ samples \ folder \ chameleon.map

CONFIGURATION FILE ADMINISTRATION USING MAPLAB In order to more easily and avoid writing the wrong configuration file, provided Web-based administration page that can be accessed by address http://localhost/maplab/. Although there are 3 main features (MapEdit, MapBrowser and GmapFactory), to create / change the map configuration file (*. map) we use MapEdit menu. Figure MapEdit start page www.hatma.info 8 WebgGIS with MapServer - MapLab - Chameleon - PostGIS MapEdit was opening a map from a sample configuration file above the web GIS The test configuration we have created, by clicking the preview button Preview chameleon.map configuration files on MapEdit

POSITION TRACKING SYSTEM USING GPS CAR VIA SMS

2011-06-13T08:15:00.000-07:00

This system is used for
Track position and view tracking vehicles on a region map. System
designed is a software that can make requests to the position
particular vehicle and processing the response data into the vehicle's position in a
area map., as well as hardware which connect with a GPS receiver to
receive requests and respond position via SMS.

The materials needed to manufacture this tool are:
• GPS that has a serial port (1 fruit)
• AVR family microcontroller (1 fruit)
PCB Matrix (1 fruit)
ATMEGA 162 + socket 40-pin (1 pc)
Max RS 232 + IC socket 16 pin (1 pc)
IC AN 7805 (1 fruit)
TIP TR 3055 (1 fruit)
11.0529 MHz crystal / clock (1 fruit)
Capacitor: - 33 pF (2 pieces)
- 100 nF (2 pieces)
- 1 μF/50V (6 pieces)
- 10 μF/25V (1 fruit)
- 1000 μF/25V (2 pieces)
Resistor 560 (2 pieces)
Diode 1N4002 (10 pieces)
LPT1: - DB15 male (1 fruit)
- DB9 male (1 fruit)
- Cover DB9 (2 pieces)
Fuse + Holder (small) (1 fruit)
Green LED lights small (10 pieces)
8 Line Data cable (1 meters)
Phone Connector (1 piece)
Connector cable: - Fill 6 (1 fruit)
- Fill 8 (2 pieces)
- Fill 10 (2 pieces)
Push button (1 fruit)
• GSM Modem Sony Ericcson (1 fruit)
How it Works GPS Receiver Aircraft
GPS satellites are generally emit two kinds of micro wave signal
namely:
L1 1575.42 MHz with a frequency that carries the navigation message and code signals
SPS (Standard Positioning Service). L2 with a frequency of 1227.60 Mhz
used to measure the delay in the ionosphere layer using
receiver PPS (Precise Positioning Service). Three binary codes used for
phase shift the L1 and L2 signals transmitted by a GPS satellite. Third
kind of binary code that is as berkut:
1) modulation code C / A (Coarse Acquisition) in phase L1. Code C / A is
sent repeatedly every 1 MHz PRN (Pseudo Random Noise).
2) The code C / A PRN is different for each GPS satellite is
identification to the satellite.
3) modulation code C / A is used as the basis for the use of
GPS in civil society.
NMEA Output
Output from the GPS receiver has a certain structure
called NMEA output. Example output structure along the way
reading is as follows:
$ GPGGA Output:
$ GPGGA, 180432.00,4027.027912, N, 08704.857070, W, 2,07,1.0,212.15,
M, -33.81, M, 4.2,0555 * 73

Introduction to Global System for Mobile Phone Communication (GSM)
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is a system
open telecommunications, there are no ownership (non-proprietary) that developed
rapidly and constantly. Its main advantages is its ability to
internasinal roaming. This provides a standard system with no limits
relationship in more than 159 countries. With GSM satellite roaming, services also
can reach remote areas. SMS was created as part of
GSM standard. All GSM network operators have the Message Centre, which
responsible for the operation or management of news
there.

GSM Modem (Sony Ericcson GT47)
Sony Ericsson GT47 is a dual band (EGSM 900/1800MHz) GSM / GPRS
serial modem with integrators an instant and cost-effective M2M, as a solution to
get a faster application. GT47 is a plug-and-play modem with
Integral SIM card reader and standard connector interfaces. By installing RS232
connector directly on the application or the computer, ready to be used as GM29
wireless modem. Modem can send and receive data by GPRS, HSCSD,

CSD, SMS and fax. GT47 has a feature to send and receive SMS
with text mode and PDU. Figure 6 shows the mechanical design module GT47
which tebuat of plastic.
Module

At Protocol Command to read the SMS with the text mode on the GT47
AT + CMGR = 2
+ CMGR: "RECUNREAD", "+6285645046302",, "06/06/19, 12:40:17
+28 ", 145,4,0,0," +62855000000 ", 145.11
mintaposisi
OK
􀂾 GT47 supports the SMS service as below:
• Sending; MO (mobile-originated) with a PDU (protocol data units) and modes
text.
• Receiving; MT (mobile-terminated) with PDU and text mode.
• CBM (cell broadcast message) service in which a message is sent to
all subscribers are located in one or more specific cells in the GSM
Modem network (for example, traffic reports). This feature is network
dependent
• SMS STATUS REPORT according to GSM MODEM 03:40.
• SMS based on GSM MODEM COMMAND 03:40.
In addition 􀂾 GT47 also supports the following data:
• GT47 is the installation and activation of GPRS and GSM Modem. GT47
is a GPRS class 8 (4 +1). a Class B terminal, which provides
• GT47 capable of supporting a CSD communication at 9.6 kbps
• GT47 supports communications HSCSD class 2 (2 +1)

􀂾 (Short Message Service)
Short Message Service is one of the company's service operator
GSM mobile phone. By these means the mobile phone can receive and
send short messages with the form of text with maximum length
as many as 160 characters for the Latin alphabet and 70 characters for non-Latin alphabet,
such as Arabic or Chinese alphabet. There is one thing that is very interesting from this service,
which offer relatively cheap rates for each time sending a message.

HARDWARE DESIGN subsystem (HARDWARE)
The hardware used in this system is the hardware
support the process of receiving SMS, sending SMS, SMS messages and processing
hardware is the source of GPS data. Tools required are:
- The aircraft GPS receiver as a source of position data.
- ATMEGA 162 Microcontroller with IC
- GSM device with a working mobile phone number
to receive and send SMS from PC to a GSM system hardware and
vice versa. In this last project used
Sony Ericsson GSM Modem GM29 type.

The device Computer with operation system (Windows XP Service Pack 1).

GPS PLANNING
GPS Output Data Format as many as five types of NMEA 0180, NMEA
0182, NMEA 0183, AVIATION, and plotting. The format of the data set
by the NMEA (National Maritime Electronics Association) and can be connected to
computer via serial communication port using RS-232 cable. Data
output used is NMEA 0183 data format in the form of a sentence (string)
which is an 8-bit ASCII character sets. Every sentence begins with a single
character '$', two characters Talker ID, three-character Sentence ID, and followed by data
fields, each separated by a comma and terminated by an optional cheksum
and character cariage return / line feed (CR / LF

MINIMUM DESIGN SYSTEM (MICRO CONTROLLER)
ATMEGA162 microcontroller is used which is
microcontroller with RISC architecture. The advantages of this microcontroller is
have an internal system memory 16 Kb Flash EEPROM, 35 bit Input / Output and
2 port serial communication. Minimum system microcontroller to function as a medium
interface and processing of data between GPS, GSM Modem and unit Input / Output.
The circuit is equipped with an ISP that works for Flash Programming
write the desired program to the microcontroller. Minimum circuit system
microcontroller.

POWER SUPPLY PLANNING
This device must remain in operation (not dead), so that the required resources
energy taken from the car battery. To adjust the car battery voltage
at 12 V with a voltage microcontroller, GPS and GSM Modem that is equal to
5 V, it takes a power supply. Circuit power supply.

PLANNING RS 232
RS-232 voltage levels from the GPS or GSM modem to be converted into
minimum TTL voltage levels on the system microcontroller, and therefore used
serial communication circuit:

PLANNING SMS
For media use GSM modem for data communications, with consideration
easily in serial connection with the SMS Gateway and microcontroller. GSM
Modem using a serial communications port for communication with
microcontroller. SMS format.

PLANNING PROGRAM The program contained in the SMS Gateway is: 1. Courses in module As String Public KirimPesan Public Connection As New ADODB.Connection As New ADODB.Recordset Public simpanSQL As New ADODB.Recordset Public LihatSQL As New ADODB.Recordset Public HapusSQL As New ADODB.Recordset Public SQL1 As New ADODB.Recordset Public SQL2 As New ADODB.Recordset Public SQL3 2. Program on forms Below are some parts of the program on forms SMS Gateway by using Visual Basic 6.0 • Function SetModeText () Dim a As Double As String Dim BUFFER MSComm1.Output = "AT + CMGF = 1" & vbCrLf a = Timer While Timer - a <2 BUFFER = BUFFER + MSComm1.Input DoEvents Wend If InStr (BUFFER, "OK") Then Shape1.FillColor = vbGreen 'MsgBox "GSM Modem ins Text Mode " Label8.Caption = "GSM Modem In Text Mode" End If End Function • Function cek_update () If count = Int (Text4.Text) Then check = False Else check = True count = Int (Text4.Text) End If End Function • Function kirim_posisi_db () BukaKoneksi Set SQL1 = Koneksi.Execute ("insert into position values ('""','" & Text7.Text & "','" & Text6.Text & "','" & Text3.Text & "')") TutupKoneksi End Function • Function terima1 () ReadyGSMModem1 time End Function • Function DELETE_SMS () Dim a As Double As String Dim BUFFER MSComm1.Output = "AT + CMGD = 1" & vbCr a = Timer While Timer - a <1 BUFFER = BUFFER + MSComm1.Input DoEvents Wend If InStr (BUFFER, "OK") Then Shape2.BackColor = vbYellow 'MsgBox "DELETE" Label9.Caption = "New SMS Deleted" End If 3.3.3. Programme - Main program The programs will be made on the microcontroller using CodeVisionAVR the basic application programs such as programming language C programming Program listing as follows. 1. Program to check the GPS {GPS = 0; while (getchar1 ()!='$'); if (getchar1 ()==' G ') if (getchar1 ()==' P ') if (getchar1 ()==' G ') if (getchar1 ()==' G ') if (getchar1 ()==' A ') { getchar1 (); while (getchar1 ()!=','); A1 = getchar1 (); A2 = getchar1 (); A3 = getchar1 (); A4 = getchar1 (); getchar1 ();//. A5 = getchar1 (); A6 = getchar1 (); A7 = getchar1 (); A8 = getchar1 (); getchar1 ();//, getchar1 (); / / N getchar1 (); / /, B1 = getchar1 (); B2 = getchar1 (); B3 = getchar1 (); B4 = getchar1 (); B5 = getchar1 (); getchar1 (); / /. B6 = getchar1 (); B7 = getchar1 (); B8 = getchar1 (); B9 = getchar1 (); detect_lcd { lcd_gotoxy (0.0); lcd_putsf ("Lint ");// lcd_gotoxy (6.0); lcd_putchar ('-'); lcd_putchar (A1); lcd_putchar (A2); lcd_putchar ('.'); lcd_putchar (A3); lcd_putchar (A4); lcd_putchar (A5); lcd_putchar (A6); lcd_putchar (A7); lcd_putchar (A8); delay_ms (1000); lcd_gotoxy (0.0); lcd_putsf ("Bujr ");// lcd_gotoxy (6.1); lcd_putchar (B1); lcd_putchar (B2); lcd_putchar (B3); lcd_putchar ('.'); lcd_putchar (B4); lcd_putchar (B5); lcd_putchar (B6); lcd_putchar (B7); lcd_putchar (B8); lcd_putchar (B9); delay_ms (1000); } GPS = 1; } } 2. Program to check the GSM { printf ("at"); putchar (13); while (getchar ()!=' O ') {printf ("at"); enter;}; } 3. Program to check SMS {Unsigned char dat, x_psn, cnt_psn; ready_gsm (); / / be sure That GSM is ready read_sms = 0; printf ("at + cmgr = 1"); enter; dat = getchar (); while (dat! ='+'){ printf ("at + cmgr = 1"); enter; dat = getchar ();} ; if (getchar ()!=' R ') / / + CMGR: "REC READ", "+6285645046302", / / ERROR {While (getchar ()!=' 8');// 8 as the header identification number of of GSM for (i = 0; i <= 9; i + +) rx_no [i] = getchar (); / / Insert no while (getchar ()! = 13); / / 13 as tail of SMS coding char getchar ();// 10 if (getchar ()==' X ') / / X as the header of the SMS for (i = 0, cnt_psn = 1; i <cnt_psn; i + +) {X_psn = getchar (); / / enter x_psn if (x_psn! = 13) {Rx_psn [i] = x_psn; cnt_psn = cnt_psn +1;} / / Insert msg else break; } delete (); / / DELETE SMS if (cnt_psn == 7) compare_sms (); / / compare SMS with reference data else {detect_lcd {lcd_clear (); lcd_putsf ("New SMS Invalid "); delay_ms (500);}} for (i = 0; i <10; i + +) {rx_no [i] = 0;} / / CLEAR NO for (i = 0; i <= 5; i + +) {rx_psn [i] = 0;} / / CLEAR PSN } else Detect_lcd {{lcd_clear (); lcd_putsf ("New SMS = No .!");}} detect_lcd delay_ms (1000); read_sms = 1; } 4. Program to compare SMS {Detect_lcd {Lcd_clear (); lcd_putsf ("08"); for (i = 0; i <10; i + +) / / VIEW / print no & msg {Lcd_putchar (rx_no [i]);} delay_ms (1000); lcd_clear (); for (i = 0; i <6; i + +) / / VIEW / print no & msg {Lcd_putchar (rx_psn [i]);} } for (i = 0; i <11; i + +) / / check no { result = rx_no [i]-no [i]; if (i == 10 & & result == 0) { flag_no = 1; detect_lcd {lcd_gotoxy (12.0); lcd_putsf ("same ");}} if (hasil! = 0) Detect_lcd {{lcd_gotoxy (12.0); lcd_putsf ("| =");} break;} } if (flag_no) / / Command bellows will from be accesed if SMS from number ................ {Xpsn = 0; for (i = 0; i <= 5; i + +) {Result = rx_psn [i], msg [i]; if (i == 5 & & result == 0) {send_pss (); detect_lcd {lcd_gotoxy (6.1); lcd_putsf ("p1");}} if (hasil! = 0) break; } result = 0; } flag_no = 0; } 5. Program to delete SMS { printf ("at + cmgd = 1"); enter; while (getchar ()!=' O ') {printf ("at + cmgd = 1"); enter;}; } send_pss void () {Send_sms = 0; printf ("at + cmgs1 ="); putchar (34); printf ("085645046302"); putchar (34); putchar (13); while (getchar ()!='>'); printf ("-% c% c% c% c% c% c% c% c", A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8); / / enter; printf ("% c% c% c% c% c% c% c% c% c", B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9); putchar (26); send_sms = 1; } Examples

QUICK USING AUTOCAD MAP

2011-06-13T08:13:00.000-07:00

AUTOCAD MAP A. About AutoCAD     AutoCAD is one of the images with computer-assisted design is quite sophisticated. Slowly but surely
    experienced AutoCAD drawing automation, replacing manual functions that had been dominating the
    work in all fields. High compatibility allows images - AutoCAD drawings can be accepted by most other
    drawing programs and can be printed using almost any printing equipment. AutoCAD has a fairly
    complete facilities to create an image - the image of two-dimensional and three dimensional.
    Some reasons for using AutoCAD from the manual way to produce the image:

• Accuracy With this level of precision to 13 digits, AutoCAD has a level of accuracy is much more perfect

and secure compared with manual drawing. In the pictures manually, the accuracy of the image is

determined by the accuracy and precision hand eye which is very possible occurrence of errors. •

Practicality, Ease, and Speed Drawing and editing facilities that make AutoCAD more perfectly capable of

producing much faster than the manual way. Commands Copy, Array, Block, etc. allows us to create and

edit images en masse and quickly.

• Cleanliness and neatness
   With owned AutoCAD editing commands, allows us to revise and examine the images before it - correctly
   printed, so that the resulting images are clean and perfect without a trace - the former editing,
    elimination and sweat or crumpled paper like that found in the image manually.

• Working Space Unlimited AutoCAD has an infinite workspace. The coordinates are the highest that can

be inserted 1099. So that we can create images as large and as much as anything in the same room. We

can print it section by section or all at once with the appropriate scale.

• Flexibility Scale
   AutoCAD allows one image printed over and over - once with different scales - different without having to
   recreate the image. That which can not be done on the image manually. By setting the proper scale when
   printing, we can also freely choose the units used in the picture, whether mm, cm, meters, miles, inches, and
   so forth.

• Documentation With file storage system, the image will be stored permanently. We can easily and quickly

duplikasinya and revise it later if there are design changes without having to create images from scratch

again. With storage media floppy disk or CD we can bring - take pictures with easy and edited anywhere.

   the Desktop, a folder and taskbar on the bottom row. 2. Make a double click on the icon Shortcut Autodesk Map 5, which is in the area of your Desktop. If the
   icon is not available, click the Start button - Programs-Autodesk Map 5 - Autodesk Map 5 on the
   taskbar and wait for the process of program activation. 3. When the activation process has been completed and the menu program has loaded, AutoCAD will open
    the dialog box Autodesk Map Today that allows you to specify the type of work when opening a file.
   Today Autodesk Map dialog box (see Figure 2.1) consists of several key functions, namely the open
   projects, create projects and symbol libraries.
Here's an explanation of each button:
1. Open Projects
    This button is used when you want to open files that have been saved. AutoCAD displays the list of files
    that exist in active directory in the list of files and Tues shows images from the selected file into the Preview
    box. Selection of files can be done by selecting on the basis of files that are often used, date, file name
    and  location. If the file you want is not listed, click Browse .... AutoCAD will open the Select File dialog
   box that contains ¬ DWG files that are in active direktofi.
2. Create Projects
This button is used when you want to open AutoCAD using the format provided. The options available are:§ Use a Template
    This button is used to open a new file format based on another file. Another file is called template.
    Template on the list is the file type DWT AutoCAD. Preview box right beside shows images from the
    selected template file. By default, the template file is Acad.dwt or Acadiso.dwt. Pick another file on the list
   if desired. When the file do not appear in the list, select Browse ... AutoCAD will open the Select
   Template dialog box that lists the type DWT. Choose one of them, and then click Open.§ Start from Scratch     This button is used to select the unit of measurement in the picture. There are options available, namely
     Home and Metric. When you choose Home it is the unit of measurement used is the Feet and Inches.
     When choosing a metric, then the unit of measurement is millimeters.§ Wizard
    This button is used when you want to specify the format for the new file using the wizard. There are two
    guides are provided, namely the Quick Setup and Advanced Setup

*) Use of Mouse Buttons

By default, if you do not swap the mouse button functions through the Control Panel window into the Left Hand (lefty), the left mouse button is used to select menu, choose the buttons and pointing at the screen point. The right mouse button functions the same as the ENTER key on the keyboard. So if in this book you dirninta press ENTER, you can melaklikannya from the keyboard or by pressing the right mouse button, except for orders Dtext.
When you use 3-button mouse, then the third button (usually in the middle) can berfungsii to activate Osnap menu. When you use the mouse 2 buttons, menus can Osnap diaktitkan by pressing Shift + right mouse button (keyboard Shift key pressed and not released, then press the right mouse button).
The commands that are accessible from this mouse button can be defined themselves. Suppose you want to make the Ctrl + right mouse button to run pefintah LINE, or Alt + tomboll right mouse button to execute the erase command, and so on, then you must define it by editing the file menu (the default is ACAD.MNU) using a text editor program such as Notepad . exe and Edit.com.

*) Alias Command
If you want to access the command from the command line, you can also type the command alias is usually shorter than the default command. The command alias is defined in ACAD.PGP files are loaded automatically when you start AutoCAD. and aims to shorten the typing of frequently used commands, such as L for LINE, CIRCLE C, A for ARC, E for erase, R to redraw and so forth. Suppose you type L at the Command prompt, then the result is the same as giving either LINE commands from the keyboard or from the menu.
List of command aliases defined in the file ACAD.PGP you can see at the end of this chapter. You can also define their own command aliases by editing the file ACAD.PGP with the editor program such as Notepad.exe and Edit.com.

B. Starting Autodesk Map 5 To start the program Autodesk Map 5 or Auto CAD Map 5, which is a version of Windows, follow the steps below: 1. Turn on the computer and wait until Windows initialization process is completed, which shows the area of

MAKE A MAP OF USING GOOGLE EARTH

2011-06-13T08:08:00.001-07:00

How to make a map using Google Earth as a base map.
Step tops are made:
1. Open google earth and find the location that will be done
mapping.

2. After the image search google earth appears, select the menu line for
     make digitized maps, digitized maps created in accordance image
     which is on google earth, when using the line points
     not until the beginning of line digitization met with the finish line
     digitization, because when the meeting will be shaped polygon.

3. When the digitization is complete save the file in line
*. kmz file format.

4. When data files are stored, to get the map
     with base map from google earth, open the global software
     mapper *. kmz file and open it.

5. By using the global software mapper almost all
     formats can be convert by using global mapper.
6. When the data files *. kmz been opened then just select the data
     The want converted in the format desired by
      select files convert to vector

CUT IMAGE WITH ERRMAPPER

2011-06-13T07:44:00.000-07:00

III. IMAGE PROCESSING A. Enabling Courses ER Mapper

o From the Windows 95 or Windows 98 or Windows other non-switch / close all other programs (if any)
and disable the screen saver program (if any).

o From the Start menu select Programs and then select ER Mapper - ER Mapper will display the image as
o Or from desktop computers to look for the shortcut icon like picture below, then click two times, so also
will show the menu as above.software used. Data conversion is the conversion of one data format into

another format, this can be done by doing the import and export data. Data on import and export there

are 2 types of raster data and

      vector data. While the storage of remote sensing data can be stored in magnetic tapes, CD ROMs,     floppy disks, zip drives, or other storage media,    Raster data is one type of input data for data processing. Raster data include satellite data, aerial      photography, digital terrain model (DTM), seismic data and geophysical data. When we import a raster
    image data file (using the program importing ER Mapper), ER Mapper converts the data and make it into     two files:
1. Binary data files that contain raster data in BIL format (Binary Interleaved by Line).  2. Head of the file (header) ASCII data with the extension *. ers
     Note: Header is a very important file because it stores all the information that we import data, such as:
     original data format, datum, the number of bands, etc.. This header can be opened with WordPad
     program. Data vectors are one type of input data that is stored in the form of lines, points, and polygons.
     Suppose the data generated by the software ARC / INFO. Data on import vector is then stored into 2
     files: 3. ASCII data files that contain vector data 4. Head of the file (header) ASCII data with the extension *. erv Before we perform the import or export data, there are some things that should be known by the data we get for this process to be done. The information must be known are: e. The data in the format of what software and by extension what. Examples of data that we obtain from LAPAN Data Bank with 7.5 Erdas format with the extension *. lan. Or data with Erdas Imagine 8.2 format with *. img extension. So with this information we are able to perform the data conversion process throughout the software that we use a conversion facility from that format. f. Data format, whether our data in the format of BIL, BSQ, or BIP, then the binary or ASCI, the length of the columns and rows, number of bands, whether the file type multi-band single file or multiple files single band and the number headerya. These data are usually very we need inside. perform the conversion process in order to choose the type of conversion that we need and the parameters that must be inserted during the conversion process. ERMapper 6.4 has a relatively complete conversion facilities in the importing of data but are limited to export data into other software formats. Work Steps: o From the Utilities menu bar option that will display various types of data that can be imported by ER
   Mapper. o To convert from the Erdas LAN format, select Import Image formats and then select Erdas 7.5 HEAD74 o Click on Import, and will exit the display as follows:
o Click the Import File / Device Name to select the files to be imported, by clicking on the new dialog box
   will pop up the Input File Selection box. Then select the directory that contains files to be imported as an
   example D: \ Remote Sensing \ TM980126G.lan, the picture shows the directory that should be in double-   click to open it, while the picture shows a file, that file will look like TM980126G.lAN TM980126G.lan in
   the dialog box.
o Files can also be imported directly taken from the CD-ROM, so no need to first copy the file to your hard
   disk but the input files directly from CD-ROM directory. o Click the Output Dataset Name to place the imported dataset, by clicking on the new dialog box will pop
   up the Output Dataset Selection box similar to the Input File Selection dialog box. Then select the directory    to be conditioned new file name (look for the directory can use the arrow) as an example D: \ Remote
   Sensing \, then type the new file name for example BS980126.ers, (note: the writing of the extension. Ers    after the file name can not be written as ER Mapper will automatically assign additional. ers after the file    name). o Select the Geodetic Datum and Map Projection if the imported data is in conformity with the position on
   earth. If the data is imported, the original data sets with Geodetic Projection Map Projection with RAW    and RAW. o Click OK

   of the window or display previously created. o The display will appear Algorithm boxes and boxes of new window as follows:
o In the box there is written image window
In the box there is no image because there is no image file is inserted. *** Signs show window / box that is on or is being selected, the number 1 indicates that the window box is the first box was opened, this figure will increase by the amount of window boxes are opened so that when we open the box to 15 will display item 15 in view. Posts Algorithm Savedberarti Not Yet we see this window open has not been saved in a file algorithm (. ALG). o From the menu click on the image above algorithm under the word No dataset to load the data to be
   displayed. o Will come out a new look, a box Raster Dataset
o Then select the data to be displayed then we select the file in the highlights and the box will close the Raster
   dataset means that we select the file in raster dataset highlights and the box will not close. Layer only this    sentence that follows the word OK and Apply indicate that this command only affects the selected layer
   only but not for all the layers.
   is a command to show information from a dataset file which will we choose, it would appear like the
   following boxes
o If the data is original data, then the cell size x and y will be worth 1 meters. This value should we change
   the subject to our spatial resolution Landsat-TM that is 30 meters, by clicking. It will then appear:
o Then click the new box will appear
o Then click the new box will appear
o Fill in the value of 30 on option Xdimension and Ydimension like the example above, then click OK. o Click Yes if you have any questions Save changes before closing the editor? o The value of x and y cell size will change to 30 meters, then click Cancel. o After we select the data file, and then we determine what the layer will display the data. When you've
   selected, then the file name will be shown in the box algorithmo show selected layer on the active file and will be displayed on the screen (example above shows the band
   1 as a layer selected). By clicking the down arrow beside the text B1: Band1 it will seem all the layers that
   exist in the file (in this case are 7 bands of Landsat-TM) as the example above. o Set the type of layer which will be used to display data that has been loaded, some options are provided
   Pseudo layer, Red, Green, Blue, Intensity, Height, etc.. To know the type of layer can be by right-clicking
   on
   the Pseudo Layer sentence will appear
o Signs • indicate the type layer selected. o To display the 542 channel combinations for instance, then create three layers namely Red, Green, and
   Blue o To display the classification results, then create a Class Display layer o To display the Pseudo Color, then create a layer Pseudo
Note: o To change the type of layer right click on the layer to be replaced. o To duplicate a layer click the Duplicate or copy and paste layer layer o To remove the layer click on the cut layer o To Turn off the layer, right click and then select Turn Off or click o Image and to raise and lower the layer level
D. Preparing and Showing Image Composite Color o Open the Algorithm window, and fill datasetnya. o In the menu on the Algorithm window, click the Advanced Surface Color Mode and change it into Red
   Green Blue. o Click Duplicate twice to make two lines by the first row dataset. Now there are three rows of the same
   dataset in the control line Pseudocolor. o In the first line replace Pseudo with right mngklik line in question and select Red, and then select the band /
   channel you want on the Select a band, ie band 4. o In the second row do the same as point 4 and replace Pseudo with Green, select the desired band, eg
   bands 3. o In the third line replace Pseudo with Blue and select the desired band, ie band 2. o In the window will appear RGB image with a slightly darker appearance. o To provide a better contrast, click the button. Another way to create a composite image is through the
   Forestry Toolbar icon and click the Create RGB Algorithm. o Fill in the dataset that will be created RGB image of her, and then click OK. o The composite image is formed usually by a combination of the band 321, to change it open the Algorithm window, and change the combination. Set Default Surface type that will be used to display data that has been loaded, some options are provided Pseudocolor Surface, Red Green Blue, Hue Saturation Intensity. To know the type of layer can by right clicking on Default Surface sentence as shown below:

o Alerts - indicate the type of the selected Default Surface o Surface by clicking the Set Default Red Green Blue, o Create layers Red, Green, and Blue, activate the third layer in
o Select the desired channel combinations, the following example shows a combination of channel 542 (B5:
   Band5 - Red Layer, B4: Band4 - Green Layer, B2: Band2 - Blue Layer)
C. Displaying Images After importing the image data, the next stages is to display the image on the computer screen to evaluate the quality and image of local geography. If the data is of poor quality or the desired area is not covered we may decide not to continue processing the data and try to display another image data better. There are several ways that can be used to view the image, namely pseudocolor, red green blue (RGB), hue saturation intensity (HIS), which are all named as the display color composition. In ER Mapper color selection to display raster data named premises 'color mode'. In this exercise, the 3rd way of displaying the image will be on trial all, and compared with the existing appearance of each image produced. Pseudocolor mode is a single-image display technique, while the RGB mode is a composite technique. Preparation of the composite image is intended to obtain a better visual image as well as view infrared aerial photographs, so the observation of objects, sample selection, and aesthetic aspects of the image can be improved. In making this composite image, the input channel (input) can be changed in accordance with the needs analysis. Such a composite image called a composite image is not standard. While the standard composite image is an image formed from the fusion line with the reference near infrared aerial photography. Work Steps: o From the menubar choose File - New to create a blank look or a click. o From the menubar select View / algorithm, or from the toolbar click to display the contents of the algorithm
B. Import and Data Format Conversion      The first step in image processing is to convert the data so that data can be read and recognized by the

DETERMINING coordinate KARTISIUS

2011-06-13T07:37:00.001-07:00

Previously, you have determined the coordinates of the location of objects and places. Now, you're learning how to determine the position of points on the Cartesian coordinate system. Come on, consider the following picture.The picture is called Cartesian coordinates. Cartesian coordinate system consists of a horizontal axis (x-axis) and vertical axis (y-axis). The second axis function is to determine the position of a point. The points on a Cartesian coordinate point pairs on the x-axis and y-axis (x, y). Where X is called abscissa and y is called ordinate. Intersect
between the x-axis and y-axis at point 0 (zero) is called the center coordinates. Based on the Cartesian coordinate system that you can obtain the following information.

1. Point A is located at coordinates (1, 3).
2. Point B is located at coordinates (0, 4).
3. Point C is located at coordinates (-2, 1).
4. Point D is located at coordinates (4, -2).
5. Point E is located at coordinates (2, -4).

Are you able to determine location coordinates of points on the field? In order to determine location coordinates of points on the field, consider the following example.

Example 1
Find the location of point A on the field coordinates (2, 1), written A (2, 1).
Answer:

Move to the field coordinates two units from point 0 (zero) to the right. Then, move one unit upwards.

Example 2
Find the location of point B on the field coordinates (-3, -1), written B (-3, -1).

The location of Osama Bin Laden's Mansion in Google Earth

2011-06-13T07:36:00.001-07:00

The shooting Osama Bin Laden has become headline news around the world. Osama was reported shot in a mansion, stately building in Abbottabad, a city that is relatively quiet and cool in northern Pakistan. You can view the location of Osama Bin Laden's mansion in Google Earth by downloading this KML file.

Classification Lindgren

2011-06-13T07:34:00.000-07:00

Lindgren (1907, 1913 and 1922) popularized the Genetic Classification or deposit of product classification mechanics or chemical concentration and classification of hydrothermal veins (hydrothermal vein). In group Lindgren including pirometa-somatic (igneous metamorpik) and hydrothermal deposits.

Classification Lindgren (Modification)
1. The precipitate that formed through a process of chemical concentrations (Temperature and Pressure Varies)

a. In a magma, by the process of differentiation
· magmatic deposits (segresi magma, magmatic liquid), T 700-15000C; P is very high.
· deposition Pegmatit; T medium-very high, very high P

b. In the body of rock
· concentrations because there is the addition of external (epigenetic)
· origin depends on the eruption of igneous rocks
Ø By blowing directly clot (magma)
ü From the effusive; sublimat; fumaroles, T 100-6000C; P atmosphere-medium
ü From the intrusive, Igneous metamorphic deposits; T 500-8000C, very high P
Ø By the addition of hot water filled with magma material
ü hipothermal deposition; T 300-5000C, very high P
ü mesothermal deposits; T 200-3000C, very high P
ü epithermal deposits; T 50-2000C, very high P
ü telethermal deposition; low T, low P
ü xenothermal deposition; T high-medium, medium-atmospheric P

· concentration of material in the rock body itself:
Ø Concentration by dynamic and regional metamorphism, T s / d 4000C; P high.
Ø The concentration of water in the soil; T 0-1000C; P is
Ø Concentration by lapukan rocks and weathering residue near the surface, T 0-1000C, P is-atmosphere

c. In the surface water
· The solution interaction; T 0-700C; P is
Inorganic Reaction Ø
Ø Organic Reactions
· by solvent evaporation

2. Deposits generated through mechanical concentration; T & P is.

Ket.
P = Pressure
T = Temperature

How to Use a Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx

2011-06-13T07:14:00.001-07:00

Garmin GPSMAP 60 CSX is a tool most widely used in Indonesia because of the level of accuracy in determining the position with a tolerance of between 5 to 15 meters (assuming a gain of more than 3 satellite signals). The use of the Garmin GPSMAP 60 CSX very easy, because it already comes with a few navigation buttons and menu options quickly. Types of GPS can also be used for various purposes such as for surveys, find out the sunrise and sunset, predicts the number of fish in one location, know the circulation of the moon and sun, and others.Function keys Garmin GPSMAP 60 CSX:1. The "IN" and "OUT"a. In Map view: used to zoom in and out of the map (Zoom in and zoom out).b. At Compass Views: used to change the course scale pointerc. On Display Altimeter: used to zoom in and zoom out history / changes in altitude or air pressure.2. Button "PAGE"Used to move to move to several major applications of GPS. By default, when the first ignition, the GPS will display satellite images. After the page button is pressed, it will move to the next screen suitable arrangement, such as compass, altimeter, the main menu (main menu), or the trip computer3. Button "MENU"Menu button has several functions:a. If pressed 1 times, it will display the menu options on the application being performed.b. If pressed 2 times, it will display the main menu.4. The "ENTR"Used to approve the choice or request given by the GPS.5. Button "QUIT"Used to cancel a choice or request given by the GPS. If pressed when not given the option (in the form of "yes and no" or "ok"), then pressing this button will be inversely proportional to the page (switch to several applications in the opposite)6. The "FIND"Used to find something that aa in the vicinity. When the "FIND" button is pressed, it will be raised several options, such as waypoints, geocache, cities, All Point of Interest, and others.7. Button "MARK"Used to indicate on a map where the GPS is located. This sign can be used as an initial benchmark measurement or as a marker coordinates.8. Button the right, left, up and down (Rocker button)Used to select the available options and to enter data or the pointing map.9. Button "POWER"Press and hold Used to turn on or turn off the GPS. Press then release to set the backlight (the light on the GPS)How to Use the Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx 2This he continued from part 1 in the article "How to Use the Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx" please read it goes ... ...The following menus will be explained on the GPS and its functions.1. Menu "Satellite"When first turned on, GPS will display the satellite menu. Where in this menu are shown in the status of satellite reception. To get a good satellite signal (large signal strength) then the GPS must be outside with no obstructions to the sky, and sunny weather. or it could be by adding an external antenna that plugs into your GPS device. Make sure that the GPS acquire a minimum of 3 satellite signals, the status of this acceptance can be seen on the bar below the circle the satellite. Satellite signals that can be used that is the bar that contains, not a white bar.After the signal obtained is sufficient, then at the top of the screen will show us the coordinates of latitude and longitude position and the position tolerance shown by the "location". If the location shows the ± 10m, meaning the GPS to predict the location we are in a radius of 10 meters from the coordinate position indicated by GPS.In the center, there are two circles that large and small circles. The second circle represents the sky. Small circle mean radius of our vision to the sky by 45 °. Large circle, representing our vision into the sky at 180 degrees. Satellite image with respective numbers scattered around the large and small circle represents the satellite position at that time.2. Menu "MAP (Map)"When selecting this menu, will appear on the map as if we look at a map in general. The difference is that there is a black triangle in the middle of the map is displayed. This triangle shows the position we are on the surface of the earth and the GPS directions. On the menu map, we can measure the distance of a point with another point by pressing the Rokr. We can also see the direction of navigation when searching a site.3. Menu "Trip Computer"In this menu, there are the numbers to know: Trip Odom, max speed, moving time, moving avg, stopped, averall avg, elevation, odometer. The function above can search their own understanding4. Menu "Compass"Almost all GPS features a digital compass. Compass is the same as an analog compass in general. Any time will do the survey, this compass should always be in calibration. Due to this compass using a digital system, so that the appointment would be a mistake if it is on hold with the equipment containing the magnetic field. On the compass menu, there is also some information that is used at the time of survey5. Menu "altimeter"On the menu altimeter, there are 2 functions, namely to measure the elevation (altimeter), and to measure the air pressure (barometer). On the measurement of elevation, will be shown that in measuring our height above sea level. While the measurement of air pressure, air pressure will be shown around the unit is calculated using millibars.6. Main MenuIn this menu, displayed some other GPS functions that do not appear when we press the button page. Usually displayed on this menu, is a facility that is rarely used.How to Use the Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx 3Here's the basic use of GPS will be given prior to the survey, or some other GPS functions.1. Compass CalibrationCompass calibration is necessary because GPS uses an electronic compass, which would occur if the GPS error appointment already / ever having contact with the goods that emit a magnetic field like CellPhone, Display Monitors, Television, Compass and other standards. How to calibrate the compass, namely:- Turn on the GPS- Press the page several times until the image appears on-screen compass.- Press menu, then select Calibrate "compass", then press enter.- Select start to start the calibration.- When it says "Turn Slowly," turn right towards the GPS slowly (ONLY WAY TO RIGHT) as much as 2 full rotations.after 2 full rotations performed, the screen will display the words "Callibration Completed Successfully". If it does not appear, the calibration process has not been carried out correctly. Repeat step 3. press Enter to display the compass.2. Altimeter CalibrationCalibration is also necessary to know the height of a land where we are. Should altimeter calibration is done at sea (should at the beach, may also in port), because the GPS took the benchmark elevation from sea level.- Turn on the GPS- Press the page several times until the altimeter display appears on the screen- Press menu, then select "Calibrate the altimeter" and then press enter.- If you already are near the sea, select yes and enter your height when performing calibration.- After entering the altitude, then continued with the calibration of air pressure. If you know the current air pressure, can choose yes, contrary to select no if you do not know the current air pressure.If not done altimeter calibration, the GPS will automatically use the GPS elevation obtained from the satellite. This is only an approximate elevation of the satellite.

In this article, I will try to give little tips and tricks on one of them is the use of GPS Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx.It has long been writing, but published only today (already long in the computer means ... ... ...) with the consideration that this article is only used for personal purposes rather than commercial."If if if if" (the length of om ....) there are shortcomings or mistakes in writing, please comment for improvement ... if the article helps .... hell his comments also do not forget (a little praise Alhamdulillah .. .. hehehe)This article will be published periodically in some parts (let the reader have a little curiosity so you know ..)okay, we started ... ... ...

APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS in Mining

2011-06-13T07:12:00.001-07:00

APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS IN STATISTICA PROCESS CONTROL (SPC)PT. Freeport Indonesia is a mining company with majority ownership by Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. ie 81.28% and the rest is PT. Indocopper Investama 9.36% and the Indonesian government itself which is only 9.36%. Minerals produced include gold, Silver, Molybdenum and rhenium.The process begins operation of mining activities by applying the technique of open-pit or open cut mining at the Grasberg mine as well as techniques ambrukan or block-caving underground mine in the Deep Ore Zone (DOZ). Then the crushed ore mining results using several different techniques to further destruction of the separation process concentrates containing minerals such as copper, gold and silver.

Concentrated in the form of slurry (slurry) is transferred from plant to plant in the port Amamapare drying.The process of drying pulp (slurry) is dried concentrate with 3 units of rotary vacuum disc filters and a new pressure filter unit. Concentrates are hardened (cake) from the rotary vacuum disc filters and then dried with 3 pieces of a rotary kiln burner. Concentrate dry with moisture content of about 9% of the concentrate is stored in the warehouse with a capacity total of approximately 135,000 tons metric. Additional storage space available on the pads next to the dryer plant.One unit of equipment used in slurry drying process is a pressure filter unit. This unit serves to filter the slurry concentrate with high pressure. The use of very high pressure resulting in possible damage to this unit, causing the drying of concentrate did not meet eligibility standards processed. Therefore it is necessary to test the quality of the process of the unit by using Statistica Process Control (SPC) to monitor, control, analyze, manage and improve products and processes.Statistica Process Control (SPC) in this regard will be applied as a statistical method for monitoring and control process to ensure that the machine working at its full potential and generate the appropriate product. Excess SPC lies in the ability to examine the processes and sources of variation in the process by providing objective analysis allowing each source will be determined numerically.APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS IN NUMERICAL GEOLOGYNumerical Geology actually can not be separated by geostatistics. Geology numerically almost equal to the numerical method, namely as a bridge between the mathematics and computer algorithms. Without a numerical method is very difficult to apply the mathematical processes on the computer. Examples are easy, such as to make interpretation of the curve equating method (matching curve) as in the interpretation of geoelectric or groundwater pumping test. The curve of raw / standard (model) can be mathematically calculated and field data can be easily plotted on a graph. The question is how do the equation of curve with a computer? Undeniably, the curve equation can be manually performed by sliding the standard curve (as in the lab geohydrology and geophysical exploration) to nearly exact position of the curve in the vicinity of data points. But in this kind of thing a computer can not be done. To equate the standard curve and pitch curve is usually done by a method of iteration (looping), which will produce a minimum error value from the equation of standard curve with field points.Examples of numerical methods are widely used in geology: Iteration Gauss, Gauss-Siedal, Newton-Raphson, Gauss-Newton.Recent developments have included some mathematical methods:· Fuzzy logic (for modeling porosity and image characterization for petrography)· Fuzzy c-means Cluster Analysis (for the exploration of mineral deposits)· Fractal, FEM (finite element method), FFT (fast Fourier transform), etc.· ANN (artificial neural network) that is widely used for modeling mine
APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS IN COAL MINE OPEN
Case Example One Dimensional Numerical IntegrationCalculation of Volume and Weight Stone Cover (Overburden)
Problem:An open cut coal mine (pit) is planned with the following quantities:- Equation topographic lines: H (x) = -3 (10-09) x3 + 2 (10-05) x2- 0.0591x + 362.06, with x (m) and H (x) is the position of the reference point and elevation from sea level (m).- The inclination (dip) and highwall coal respectively 6o and 60o.- The coordinates of points A, B and C are (10.361), (1510.100) and (1629.306) With these data required to calculate the total volume of overburden that must be opened from the open coal mine.
UNDERGROUND MINING METHOD SELECTION OF NUMERICAParameters in use:1. Deposit geometry and grade distribution2. Rock mass strength for the ore, hangingwall and footwall3. Mining costs and capital required4. The rate of mining5. Type the ability of workers / labor6. Environmental issues7. Other special considerations
Data needed1. GeologyInterpretation of the geological evaluation Dlm mrpkn important bag min. Dr. tsb verifiable interpretations made peta2 geological cross-section and interchangeable pieces shows the main types of bat, alteration zones, veins, etc. fold axis.
2. Deposit geometry and Distribution LevelsFrom the geometry defined retrievable geological interpretation and grade distribution. Geometry CEB stated Dlm:- Form: irregular dimensions, sheets, tubes, irregular.- The thickness of the ore: thin, medium, thick, very thick- Subduction: flat, moderate, steep- The depth of the ore- Distribution of content: uniform, gradual, erratic
3. Characteristics of Mek-BatIncludes:- Strength of rock intack: mrpkn ratio of uniaxial compressive strength against tek cover soil.- Space fracture: is determined based on the number of fragments per meter or RQD (Rock Quality Designation). RQD adl Qty PJG all core pieces reply> or equal 2 times the diameter of the core, divided by the total PJG drilling.- Strong shear fractions (weak, moderate, strong)
Steps in Numerical Mining Method Selection:1. Defining characteristics of geometry and grade distribution and characteristics of the bat Mek2. Assign numeric value to each characteristic geometry and grade distribution3. Set the numeric value of each characteristic Mek-bat for the bjh, HW areas, FW Area4. Summing the numerical value of dr characteristics of geometry and grade distribution, characteristics Mek
    bat ore district, regional and local HW FW.5. Develop ranking meth berdsrkan mining large numerical values.NUMERICAL METHODS IN GeostatisticsGeostatistics is a collection of numerical techniques related to the characterization of spatial attributes, especially applying random models in the same manner as daret time analysis of temporal data (Olea, 1999).Geostatistics is a method that has proven reliable for estimating the various types of mining. Lately various applications successfully applied in the petroleum industry (petroleum), especially for the manufacture of contour as well as modeling and simulation of the internal heterogeneity of the reservoir-reservoir. Applications in other fields including environmental sciences, hydrogeology, agriculture, fisheries and even, where the time component as well as spatial changes become very important. Basic tools in geostatistics, ie variogram, is used to quantify the spatial correlation between observations. Mathematical models have been fit out the experimental variogram, this model can be used to estimate the values at points not sampled (not known). The procedure is referred to as kriging estimation, after Danie Krige (South Africa) and Herbert Sichel developed the Witwatersrand gold mines.Geostatistics was originally developed in the mineral industry to perform the calculation of mineral reserves, such as gold, silver, platinum. D.K. Krige, a South African mining engineer, brought the issue from the point of view of probabilistic later by George Matheron, an engineer from the Ecoles des Mines, Fontainebleau, France, giving attention to the work of Krige and apply probabilistic and statistical theory to formulate the approach in the calculation of reserves Krige ore, known as the kriging method.In further developments many multivariate statistical applications included in geostatistics, such as trend surface analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, diskriminant analysis, and principle component analysis. Even today, a method which is not based on probabilistic theory used for analysis in the field of earth science, for example basing on fuzzy logic set theory known as Theory of fuzzy sets as in the method of FCM (Fuzzy c-means cluster analysis). This method is now widely used for petrographic analysis, porosity and permeability modeling, and GIS.Practical application of geostatistics can now be said to infinity. Each experiment was made within the framework of space (such as data in the coordinate space and value) to use geostatistics as a tool to process and interpret. What makes the geostatistical very useful is its ability to characterize in terms of application of spatial structure with a consistent probabilistic model. Spatial structure is characterized by the variogram. Basically, there are two kinds of methods that are based on the variogram and covariance are available, namely:for mapping and estimation, variogram can be used for interpolating between data points (kriging), andto characterize the uncertainty in the estimation (the volume of petroleum, levels above the cut-off, the risk of pollution), the same variogram can be used.As a basic science, there are no limits on the use of geostatistics for a particular field. Geostatistics can be used in the following areas: mining industry (was originally developed), as well as petroleum, environment, meteorology, geophysics, agriculture and fisheries, marine, earth science, physics of heterogeneous media, civil engineering, accounting, and perhaps astrophysics.Some examples of geostatistical applications in mining:Estimate the total reserves,Estimating error,Calculating the optimal sampling distance,Estimating block,Contour mapping and manufacture of the grid,Simulate the deposit for the planning,Estimate the recovery area.
Program 'open source' Geostatistics and numericalCurrently, the development programs based on open source is very fast, even faster than we can say the program proprietary. The meaning of open source programs are the programs provided by the application source code, which the user can be edited, modified for specific purposes. These programs are freely available on the Internet. Source code for earth science application programs can be downloaded from its website the International Association of Mathematical Geology (http://www.iamg.org/). Various open source program that can be used for geological data processing, among others, can be seen in the following table.

Kind of Program Analysis(Licensed GPL) DescriptionNumerical Analysis Root, Scilab, and Rlab program is to process a rather complex data, eg for modeling.Geostatistical R-stat with geo-R, Gstat, Uncert, and Delivery program is to process statistics from univariate to multivariate geostatistical module has been completed.
          In addition, among the various programs GIS (Geographic Information System), one of the most popular on the market today for the analysis is the ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst geostatistikal (see website: www.esri.com / geostatisticalanalyst). ArcgGIS Geostatisticalanalyst is a bridge to connect the geostatistical with GIS analysis, mainly to explore and generate spatial data in a statistical surface. Three main scope of the ability of ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst is to: (1) exploratory spatial data analysis, (2) Creation of spatial surface information, and (3) Diagnosi and comparative prediction models.
           Among the many benefits of ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst is applied in the following areas.:· Archaeology· Environmental Protection· Geology exploratory· Forestry· Hydrology· Meteorology· Mining

CLASSIFICATION LINDGREN

2011-06-13T07:06:00.000-07:00