Mechanical Study

Types of Workshop in Mechanical Branch

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Types of Workshop in Mechanical Branch

1. *Machine WorkShop*: Focuses on machining operations like turning, milling, drilling, and grinding.

2. *Welding Workshop*: Covers various welding techniques like arc welding, MIG, TIG, and spot welding.

3. *Casting Workshop*: Deals with metal casting processes like sand casting, die casting, and investment casting.

4. *Forging Workshop*: Involves shaping metals using heat and pressure.

5. *Sheet Metal Workshop*: Focuses on working with sheet metal, including cutting, bending, and forming.

6. *Automobile Workshop*: Covers vehicle maintenance, repair, and inspection.

7. *CNC Workshop*: Introduces computer numerical control (CNC) machining and programming.

8. *Metrology Workshop*: Deals with measurement and inspection techniques for mechanical components.

9. *Hydraulics and Pneumatics Workshop*: Covers fluid power systems and their applications.

10. *Robotics and Automation Workshop*: Introduces robotics and automation technologies.

Refrigerator & Air Conditioner

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*Refrigerator:*

A refrigerator is an appliance that keeps food and drinks cool by transferring heat from the inside to the outside.

*Key Components:*

1. *Compressor:* Compresses the refrigerant (cooling fluid) to make it hot and high-pressure.

2. *Condenser:* Releases heat from the hot refrigerant to the outside air.

3. *Expansion Valve:* Reduces the pressure of the refrigerant, making it cold.

4. *Evaporator:* Absorbs heat from the inside of the refrigerator and cools it down.

*Working:*

1. The compressor compresses the refrigerant.

2. The hot refrigerant releases heat in the condenser.

3. The cold refrigerant absorbs heat in the evaporator.

4. The cycle repeats, keeping the inside of the refrigerator cool.

*Air Conditioner:*

An air conditioner is a device that cools and dehumidifies the air in a room or building.

*Key Components:*

1. *Compressor:* Same as in a refrigerator.

2. *Condenser:* Same as in a refrigerator.

3. *Expansion Valve:* Same as in a refrigerator.

4. *Evaporator:* Same as in a refrigerator.

5. *Fan:* Blows cooled air into the room.

*Working:*

1. The compressor compresses the refrigerant.

2. The hot refrigerant releases heat outside through the condenser.

3. The cold refrigerant absorbs heat from the room air in the evaporator.

4. The cooled air is blown into the room by the fan.

5. The cycle repeats, cooling the room.

*Key Differences:*

1. *Purpose:* Refrigerator cools a small, enclosed space (the fridge), while an air conditioner cools a larger space (a room or building).

2. *Design:* Refrigerators are designed for compact, insulated spaces, while air conditioners are designed for larger, more open spaces.

DIFFERENT BETWEEN AC & DC

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Differences Between AC and DC

Definition:
- AC (Alternating Current): The flow of electric charge periodically reverses direction.
- DC (Direct Current): The flow of electric charge is unidirectional, meaning it flows in one direction only.
Waveform:
- AC: Typically represented as a sine wave.
- DC: Represented as a straight line on a graph.
Voltage:
- AC: Voltage can vary over time, typically expressed in RMS (Root Mean Square) values.
- DC: Voltage remains constant over time.
Sources:
- AC: Generated by power plants, used in household outlets.
- DC: Produced by batteries, solar cells, and some electronic devices.
Applications:
- AC: Used for powering homes, industries, and large appliances.
- DC: Used in electronic devices, battery-operated devices, and for charging batteries.
Transmission:
- AC: Can be easily transformed to different voltages, making it more efficient for long-distance transmission.
- DC: More difficult to transform voltages, but newer technologies (like HVDC) are improving this.
Safety:
- AC: Generally considered more dangerous at lower voltages due to its ability to cause muscle contractions.
- DC: Can be less dangerous at lower voltages, but high DC voltages can also be lethal.

Alternating Current & Direct Current

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Difference Between Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC)

When it comes to electricity, two primary types of current are commonly discussed:

Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC). Both serve as methods for transferring electrical energy, but they have key differences. Understanding these differences is essential for anyone studying electrical engineering or for general knowledge. Below, we’ll break down the key differences in a simple, easy-to-understand way

1. Direction of Flow

Alternating Current (AC):

In AC, the flow of electric charge changes direction periodically. It constantly switches between positive and negative cycles, moving forward and backward.

This is why it’s called alternating—the current alternates direction.

Direct Current (DC):

In DC, the electric charge flows in one direction only. It moves steadily from the negative side to the positive side.

2. Generation Process

Alternating Current (AC):

AC is generated by alternators, which use mechanical energy to produce current that changes direction.

It’s typically used in power plants, where a generator produces AC for widespread use in homes and businesses.

Direct Current (DC):

DC is typically generated by batteries or solar cells. Devices like power supplies and circuits can also convert AC to DC.

3. Voltage Behavior

Alternating Current (AC):

The voltage in AC varies continuously in magnitude and direction. This means it can go from positive to negative in a sinusoidal waveform.

The most common AC voltage type is sine wave.

Direct Current (DC):

The voltage in DC remains constant over time, making it stable and unidirectional.

4. Applications

Alternating Current (AC):

AC is commonly used for long-distance power transmission because it is easy to transform from one voltage level to another, making it efficient for large-scale distribution.

It is the type of current used in homes and industries to power devices like lights, fans, and other appliances.

Direct Current (DC):

DC is used in smaller electronic devices like smartphones, laptops, and flashlights. It’s also used for charging batteries and in applications where a constant voltage is required.

5. Efficiency and Transmission

Alternating Current (AC):

AC is more efficient for long-distance transmission. Because the voltage can be easily stepped up or stepped down with transformers, there is minimal loss of energy over long distances.

Direct Current (DC):

DC is less efficient for long-distance transmission because it’s harder to step up or down in voltage. However, modern technologies like high-voltage DC transmission are making long-distance DC transmission more feasible.

6. Example of Use

Alternating Current (AC):

Power lines outside homes and offices carry AC to provide energy for lights, air conditioners, and other large appliances.

Direct Current (DC):

Your phone, tablet, and other small electronics run on DC, either from a battery or through a DC adapter.

7. Safety

Alternating Current (AC):

AC is considered more dangerous when it comes into direct contact with the human body, mainly due to the continuous change in direction, which makes it harder for the muscles to release.

Direct Current (DC):

DC is generally less dangerous than AC because the steady current is easier for the body to resist. However, high voltages of DC can still be harmful.

Key Points for Exam Preparation:

AC changes direction periodically, while DC flows in one direction only.

AC is used for long-distance power transmission and is found in household appliances.

DC is used in electronic devices and powered by batteries or solar cells.

AC voltage varies over time, while DC voltage is constant.

AC is more efficient for transmission over long distances, while DC is better for specific devices.

TYPES OF ELECTRICITY

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The electrical energy is available in two forms

(1) Direct Current (DC)

(2) Alternate Current (AC)

(1) Direct Current (DC) :-

The direct current is that current which do not changes its direction, It always flows in one direction from positive terminal to negative terminal of the source.

Applications of Direct Current

(i) Battery charging

(ii) Telephone Systems

(iii)Electronic equipments

(iv) D.C. drives and traction purposes

(v) Electroplating

(vi) Operation of protective relays

(vii) Transmitters and radio sets etc.

(2) Alternating Current (AC) :-

Current or voltage which changes its magnitude and direction with time regularly is known as alternating current.

An alternating current can also be defined as that which changes its magnitude tn one direction from zero to maximum, returned to zero and then going through sunilar vanations but in opposite direction.

Applications of Alternating Current

(i) A.C: is used for household applications such. as electric tubes, bulbs, heaters, refrigerators, fans, mixer, food-processors etc.

(ii) A.C. is used in industries for running a.c. motors and drives.

(iii) A.C. is used to operate mixers, vibrators, lifts, drills, tube-wells etc.

DIFFERENT FROMS OF ENERGY

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There are different types of Energy such as:-

1 Mechanical Energy

2 Electrical Energy

3 Heat Energy

4 Light Energy

5 Sound Energy

6 Chemical Energy

LATHE OPERATIONS

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LATHE OPERATIONS

1. Facing : The lathe operation of finishing the ends of the work, to make the end flat and smooth and to make the piece of the required length, is called facing.

2. Straight (ar Cylinderical) Turning:

The lathe operation of producing perfectly cylinderical external surface of the work, is known as cylinderical or straight turning. It may also be simply known as turning.

3. Shoulder Turning: The lathe operation of finishing the sides or shoulders of a stepped work, is known as shoulder turning.

4. Taper Turning: The lathe operation of finishing or producing an external conical surface on a work is known as taper turning.

5. Chamfering: The lathe operation of bevelling, the extenal edge of the work-piece with the help of a chamfering tool is known as chamfering. Chamfer provided on the edge of a work piece helps to avoid injury to the hand while handling it and also facilitates easy assembly of wo mating parts. Chamfering is an esential operation after thread cutting so that the nut may pass freely on the threaded work-piece.

6. Forming: The lathe operation of turning a convex, concave or any irregular shape is known as form-turning or forming.

Forming may be accomplished by the following methods:

(i) Using a form tool.

(ii) Using simultaneous cross and longitudinal feed of the tool.

(iii) Tracing or copying a template.

7. Grooving: The lathe operation of reducing the diameter of a work-piece over a very narrow surface is known aş grooving. The tool of appropriate shape should be fed into the revoluing work upto desired depth at right angles to the centre line of the work-piece.

8. Parting-off: The lathe operation of cuting a work-piece from a long bar after it has been machined to the desired size and shape, is known as parting-off. The tool should be fed into the revolving work at right angles to the cemtre line of the work-piece.

9. Knurling: The lathe operation of checking the surface of work piece of rolling depression into the surface, is known as knurling.

10. Spinning: The lathe operation of forming a thin sheet of metal by revolving the workpiece at high speed and pressing it with a spinning tool against a "former" attached to the headstock spindle, is known as spinning. This operation may be carried out in an ordinary centre lathe or a specially designed lathe known" as spinning lathe.

11. Filling : The operation of finishing an external surface generally with the help of a flat single cut file, is known as filling a lathe work.

12.Polishing: The lathe operation of improving surface quality of a revolving work piece against successively finer graded of emery cloth is known as polishing in a lathe.

13. External Thread Cutting: The lathe operation of cutting a helical groove on an external cylinderical or conical surface by feeding the tool longitudinally to the revolving work, is known as external thread cutting. The work is held between centres or in a chuck. The longitudinal field is equal to the pitch of the thread to be cut and is imparted in calculated amounts to the tool from the main spindle via change gears (or feed box), leadscrew and saddle. This operation is one of the most important operations performed in a lathe.

14. Eccentric Turning: The operation of tuming a cylinderical surface of a workpiece with its axis parallel to, but not coincident with the normal axis of the workpiece, is known as eccentrie turning.

15. Drilling: The opcration of producing a hole or enlarging an already existing cylinderical hole with the help of a drilling tool (or-drill), is knownas drilling.

16. Boring: The operation of enlarging an already existing cylinderical hole with the help of a boring tool is known as boring.

17. Counterboring: The operation of enlarging a small end portion with a boring tool of an already existing hole in a workpiece, is known as counterboring.

18. Taper Boring: The operation of producing a taper hole from an already existing or drilled hole, with the help of a boring tool, is knòwn as taper boring.

19. Reaming: The operation of further finishing and sizing an already drilled or bored hole with a reaming tool (called reamer), is known as reaming,

20. Internal Threading : The lathe operation ofcutting a helical groove on an intermal cylinderical surface (a drilled or bored hole) by feeding the tool longitudinally to the revolving work, is known as internal threading.

21.Under Cutting: The operation of enlarging the diameter of a small surface within the length of a drilled or bored hole is known as under cuttng,

22. Spring Winding : The operation of making a coiled spring from a spring wire in a lathe machine is generally knownas spring winding.

KINEMATIC PAIR , TYPE OF KINEMATIC PAIR

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KINEMATIC PAIR

The two links or element of a machine when in contact with each other are said to be form of a pair. if the relative motion between them is completely or successfully constrained the pair is called a Kinematics pair.

TYPE OF KINEMATIC PAIR:-

Kinematic pair cab be classified on the basis of

A.Type of Contact

B. Type of Constraint

C. Type of relative motion

1. According to the types of contact between the element.

a. Lower pair:- When the two element of pair have a surface contact when relative motion take place and the the surface of one element slides over the surface of the other. the pair formed is known as a lower pair.

b. Higher pair:- When the two element of a pair have a line or point contact when relative motion take place and motion between the two element is parting turning and parting sliding then the air is known as a higher pair.

2. According to the types of Constraint pair.

a. Closed Pair:- When two element of a pair are connected together mechanically in such a way that only required kind of relative motion occurs it is then as closed pair. the lower pair and is closed pair.

b. Unclosed pair:- When the two element of a pair are connected mechanically but are kept in contact by the acting of external force the pair is said to be a Unclosed pair.

3. According to the types of relative motion between the elements:-

a. Sliding pair:- When the two element of pair are connected in such a way that one can any slide relative to the other the pair is known as a sliding pair. Ex- piston and cylinder,etc.

b. Turning pair:- When two element of there are connected in such a way that one and only turn or revolve about a fixed axis of another link the pair is known as a turning pair.

c. Rolling pair:- When the two elements of a pair are connected in such a way that one roll over another fixed link the pair is known as a rolling pair.

d. Screw pair:- When the two element of a pair are connected in a such a way that one element can turn about the another by screw thread the pair is known as screw pair.

e. Spherical pair:- When the two elements of a pair are connected in such a way that one element turn screw or the other fix element the pair form is called a spherical pair.

CONSTRAINED MOTIONS ( THEORY OF MACHINE)

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CONSTRAINED MOTIONS

Constrained means the limitation on motion or action.

*There are three Types Of Constrained Motion:-

A. Completing Constrained Motion:- When the motion between the pair is limited to be definite direction irrespective of the direction of force applied then motion is said to be a completely constrained motion.

B. Incompletely Constrained Motion:- When the motion between a pair can take place in more than one direction then the motion is called an incomplete constrained motion.

C. Successfully Constrained Motion:- When motion between the element forming a pair is such that the constrained motion is not completed by itself but by some other means than the motion is said to be successfully constrained motion.

LINK OR ELEMENT, TYPE OF LINK

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LINK OR ELEMENT

Link:- A resistant body or a group of resistant bodies with rigid connections preventing their relative moment is known as a link.

* A link is also known as kinematic link or link element.

* A link has two characteristic :-

1. It must have relative motion

2. It must have resistant body

TYPE OF LINK

There are three Types of link

a. Rigid link

b. Flexible link

c. Fluid link

A. Rigid Link:- Rigid link is one which does not undergo any deformation while transmitting motion. Ex- crank, connecting rod, poston, etc.

B. Flexible Link :- A flexible link is one which is parting deformed in a manner not to affect the transmission of motion. Ex- belts, Ropes, chain, etc.

C. Fluid Link :- A fluid link is one which is formed by having a fluid in a receptacle and the motion is transmitted through the fluid by pressure or compression only.

MACHINE, MECHANISM, RESISTANT BODY,RIGID BODY

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What is Machine ?

A machine is a mechanism or combination of mechanism which apart from imparting define motion to the path also transmit and modify the available mechanical energy into the come kind of useful work.

What is Mechanism ?

If the number of body/part are assembled in such a way that the motion of one case constrained and predictable motion to other.

What is Resistant body ?

A body is said to be resistant if it is capable of transmitting the required. force with negligible deformation. These bodies are the parts of the machines which are used for transmitting motion and forces. It is a theoretical concept which is accepted. Though practically speaking, there is some deformation in the body while transmitting the motion or force. A link need not necessarily be a rigid body, but it must be a resistant body. For example, springs, belts and oil used in hydraulic press are not rigid links ; but they are resistant bodies.

What is Rigid body ?

A body is said to be rigid if under the action of force, it does not suffer any distortion or the distance between any two point on it remains constant.

INTRODUCTION OF THEORY OF MACHINE

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Introduction Of Theory Of Machine

Theory of Machine:-

Defined as the branch of engineering science which deal with the study of relative motion between the various part of machine and force which act on them.

These Subject is divided into two part :-

1. Kinematics of Machine

2. Dynamatics of Machine

a. Kinetics

b. Statics

1. Kinematics of Machines:-

It is that branch of Theory of Machines which deals withthe study of relative motion of various machine elements without the consideration of forces. It is also called as Pure Mechanism.

2. Dynamics of Machines:-

It is that branch of Theory of Machines which deals with the study of forces acting on various machine elements.

It may further be sub-divided into Kinetics and Statics.

a. Kinetics:- It is that branch of theory of machine which deal with the inertia of force which arise from the combined effect of the mass and motion of the machine part. Kinetics deals witih the inertia forces which occurs due to combined effect of mass and motion of machine elements.

b. Statics:- That branch of theory of machine which deal with the force and their effect while the machine part are at rest. The study of forces acting on various machine parts is carried out under Statics. Statics deals with the equilibrium of various machine parts

Kinematics of motion (KOM):- Study of motion without considering basic cause of motion. Ex- velocity,accelation

Dynamic of motion (DOM):- Study of motion which considering basic cause of motion example force of crankshaft

LATHE MACHINE OPERATION

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LATHE MACHINE OPERATION

In lathe Machine can perform the different types of operations:-

1. Facing Operation

2. Knurling Operation

3. Turning Operation

4. External Threading Operation

5. Drilling Operation

6. Boring Operation

7. Chemfering Operation

8. Taper Turning Operation

9. Reaming Operation

10.Grinding Operation

11. Nacing and Grooving Operation

12. Parting Off Operation

13. Counter Boring Operation

14. Shoulder Turning Operation

15.Internal Threading Operation

SAFETY WHILE WORKING IN SHEET METAL SHOP

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SAFETY WHILE WORKING IN SHEET METAL SHOP

a. Since in sheet metal work we use sharp tools and sharp cutting edges and precise hammer work is also involved so very skilled labour is used.

b. Avoid using any tools whose edges are blunt or out of order.

C. For cutting sheets appropriate cutting tools or machines must be selected based on the thickness of material to be Cut.

d. Extra allowance must be provided in the sheets while cutting. So that the finished product is of correct size and finish.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN ELECTRICAL SHOP

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN ELECTRICAL SHOP

(a) Always wear a rubber sole closed shoe inside electrical shbp.

(b) Wooden board should be kept under the feet while working.

d) Never touch any bare conductors in the electrical shop.

(e) While repairing electrical appliances, it should be disconnected from power supply.

(f) Never disconnect a plug point by puling the flexible wire.

(g) Plugs should be covered with caps.

(h) Never give supply to any line unless you know that no body is working on the line.

(i) Safety belt should be used while working on poles.

(j) Electrical appliances should be insulated properly.

(K) While charging the batteries, good ventilation should be pro vided.

(l) In case of any fire, supply should be disconnected immediately.

(m) Never use water to extinguish fire, sand should be used for this purpose.

(n) Before replacing burnt fuse, main switch should be off.

PRECAUTIONS WHILE USING FORGING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS

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PRECAUTIONS WHILE USING FORGING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS

1. Hearth should be lightened in proper way.

2 Hammering shouldn't be worn out lazy mood.

3. Heavy blows shouldn't be given on the tail of the anvil.

4. Hammers should have proper handle length.

5. Length of the tong should be kept between 15" to 18. The tong should be kept cool while working with it.

6. Blunt chiesels shouldn't be utilized in the forging shop.

7. Mushroom shouldn't remain on the face of the flatter, punch or chiesel.

8. Never use fullers and swages for cold metal

9 While acting on furnace, keep the fire small but deep.

10 don't let the fire burn hollow.

11. Keep the hearth clear from clinkers, particularly while welding.

12. don't add fresh coke on the highest of the fire, put it at the side and pull in later when required.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN CARPENTARY SHOP

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN CARPENTARY SHOP

1. Tool should be placed properly on work bench.

2. Wooden pieces with projected nails should not be allowed to remain lying on the shop floor.

3. Never stand in front of the blade while working on a circular saw.

4. Blunt tools should not be used.

5. The wooden pieces should not be fed to the sawing machines faster than the cutting speed of the machine.

6. Before starting cutting, allow the saw to achieve the complete speed.

7. While working on wood lathes, the job should be properly held between the centres.

8. Do not try to operate the machine or tools without having proper knowledge.

Safety Precautions in Gas Welding

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Safety Precautions in Gas Welding

1. Always handle the gas cylinders with care.

2. The adjusting screw on the regulator must be fully released before opening a cylinder valve.

3. Never use matchsticks for lighting a torch.

4. Never lubricate the regulator valve with oil or grease, it should cause explosion.

5. Always use goggles while working.

6. Proper ventilation must be provided within the shop.

7. Acetylene cylinders should be stored in up right position.

8. don't open acetylene cylinders near sparks or fire.

9. Never remove torch tips with pliers.

10. The cylinder should be leak proof.

11. Always use protective caps over the valves.

12. confine mind the placement of the fire extinguishers.

Different Types Of Workshop

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Different Types Of Workshop

There are Different type of workshop:-

1. Carpentary Workshop

2. Fitting Workshop

3. Welding Workshop

4. Smithy Workshop

5. Electrical Workshop

6. Foundry Workshop

7. Sheet Metal Workshop

8. Machine Workshop

9. Electronic Workshop

INTRODUCTION OF BROACHING

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INTRODUCTION

A Machine tool operation in which metal is removed by means of an elongated tool (called broach) having a number of successive teeth of increasing size which cut in a fixed path, mainly for cutting splines, slots etc, is known as broaching.

A machine tool which removes metal by means of an elongated tool having a number of successive teeth of increasing size which cut in a fixed path, małnly for cutting splines, slots, etc. is known as a

broaching machine.

BROACHING WORK

There are two type of Broach tool work:-

A. Internal Work

B. External Work

Example :-

1. Keyway work

2. Spline Work

3. Square hole Work

4. Rect jole Work

5. Part circular Work

6. Slotted nut ( broached slot)

7. Spanner Work

8. Pawl work

9. Hek hole

10. Shaft end with two flats Work

Geometry of Single Point Cutting Tool (Simple Language )

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GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL

A single point tool has just one cutting edge and is most, widely utilized in industries. it's designed with sharp edges to attenuate rubbing contact between tool and work-piece.In which cutting tool provide different name of part.

1. Shank: it's the body of the tool or that part on which cutting edge is made . If the tool is'of insertion type, then shank is that part during which cutter is inserted.

2. Nose: designates the cutting edge but particularity it relates to the highest of cutting edge which is usually given a radius and rarely it's sort of a sharp point.

3. Face: it's that part against which chips are beared.

4. Base: it's thehe support of tool shank.

5. Flank: it's the top surface, i.e. adjacent to the cutting edge and below it, when the tool is in horizontal position.

6. Nominal size of tool: it's expressed by width & heiglht of the shank and the tool length.

WORKSHOP SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR THE BEGINNERS

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WORKSHOP SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR THE BEGINNERS

1. Always wear uniform within the workshop. Never wear loose clothes

2. Never walk bare footed inside the workshop, use of rubber sole closed shoe is suggested .

3. Never operate any machine unless you are doing not skills to work it.

4. Never touch moving parts, belts or rotating tools etc,

5. Defective equipments and tools shouldn't be used for any work.

6. Never touch any switch, knob or lever of the machine without knowing it.

7. Silky clothes erupt soon, never come to the workshop wearing such clothes.

8. don't touch any eager beaver inside the workshop.

9. just in case of any fire, the electrical supply should be discon-nected.

10. Always confine mind about the position of fireside

extinguishers and care box.

11. Always read the primary aid charts carefully while beginning within the workshop.

12. confirm that your work isn't effecting any body within the workshop.

13. Always attempt to learn sincerely from the instructors.

14. Always keep your mind on the work .

What is Cutting Tools ?

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WHAT IS CUTTING TOOLS

cutting tool could also be used either for cutting apart, like a knife, or for removing chips. Parts are produced by removing metal mostly within the sort of small chips.

TWO TYPE OF CUTTING TOOLS

1. Single-point cutting tools

2. Multi-point cutting tools

1. Single Point Cutting Tools:- Single-point cuting tools having a wedge-like action found a wide application on lathes, shaping, and slotting machines.The simple form of cutting material is called a single point cutting tool.

Name of Single Point Cutting Tools :-

a. Shaping tool

b. Boring tool

c. Planning tool

d. Turning tool

e. Parting tool

f. Turning tool

2. Multi- Point Cutting Tool :- Multi-point cutting tools are merely two or more single-point tools arranged together as

a unit. The milling cutter and broaching tool are good samples of this type.

Name of Multi point Cutting Tools :-

a. Hones tool

b. Grinding tool

c. Milling tool

d. Drill bit

e. Broaching tool

f. Knurling tool

g. Thread Cutting Tool

h. Reamers

Principle of Turning Operation

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Principle of Turning

To produce a circular section, the work piece is made to rotate about its own axis by the lathe. The work piece thus moves against the cutting edge of the turning tool which removes the chips. The operation is known as Turning Operation

Introduction Of Gear Manufacturing

2020-08-29T12:53:00.001+05:30

INTRODUCTION OF GEAR MANUFACTURING

Gears are one of the most important elements of machine construction. Automobile transmission, in

which from 65 to 250 HP are transnitted within a really limited space and where minimum noise is produced are excellent samples of the dovelopments within the process of gear making. The mode of manufacture adopied for the making of gears depends on the material, place of use and also the quantity required to be produced etc. Here, an atempt is being made to introduce the reader with the elementary knowledge about the gear

unaking, especially by generation processes.