Medical Information

Acne scar treatments

2019-09-13T18:32:00.001+05:00

Acne scar treatments for the removal and fading of acne scars should be carefully and thoroughly reviewed with your dermatologist before making a decision.

At some point in life, everyone experiences acne. For some, acne is nothing more than an annoying and sometimes embarrassing rite of passage that occurs during adolescence, when hormone levels surge. Others unfortunately suffer extreme bouts of acne.

Several different acne scar treatments are available. These work to help the scarred area return to a more 'normal' appearance because most acne scars, like any type of scarring, can almost never be permanently removed.

If scars are not too severe, they can be treated with a chemical peel also known as chemexfoliation or derma-peeling. Chemical-exfoliating agents are applied to the skin which effectively removes the microscopic top layer of skin allowing the cells underneath to rejuvenate. These exfoliating agents may include: trichloroacetic acid (TCA), alpha-hydroxy acids, including glycolic acid, phenol, salicylic acid, lactic acid, alpha-keto acids, tretinoin or retinoic acid, or resorcinol. The application of these acids causes the skin to "blister" and peel. The result is a fresh looking, new layer of skin.

Although milder versions of a chemical face peel can be purchased over-the-counter, the process is more effective when done by a dermatologist.

Home Remedies for Acne and Pimples

2019-09-13T18:27:00.000+05:00

Try these useful homemade solutions and remedies for acne:

Dot a bit of clay mask on your acne and leave on overnight. In the morning, rinse off. Repeat as necessary.
Dab a bit of toothpaste on your acne before bed. Repeat as necessary.
Make a paste with water and coarse-grained sea salt, and apply it to the blemish twice a day until healed. Do not rub.
Soak a piece of bread in milk. Place it on the pimple and lie down. Leave it there for up to 30 minutes. Rinse.

Acne Treatment – Get Rid Of Your Acne Problem Once and For All!

2019-09-13T18:21:00.000+05:00

Acne treatment that delivers clear and beautiful skin is the holy grail everyone suffering from acne is constantly seeking. Dealing with acne is hard and equally exhausting and everybody is looking for a quick and efficient acne treatment solution. Obviously, the safest and also the healthiest option is to consult a doctor, especially a skin specialist and to seek his or her advice. However, this takes time and needs patience and it seems just about everybody lacks them in this jet setting world we live in, especially when we are confronted with these kinds of problems that get to be extremely embarrassing and prevent social and outdoor activity and so any kind of acne treatment that works fast is our knight in shining armor.

Also, many of us are impatient and cannot wait for the results to take their own time and we need to feel in control of the situation so here are some small adjustments that you can go ahead with as it will make you feel that you are actually doing something to solve the problem instead of simply waiting for the doctor’s appointment and treatment to work its magic.

Acne Treatment 100% Guaranteed?

At the outset let me make it clear that there is no 100% guaranteed acne treatment; what works for one may not work for another. There are also plenty of ways to approach this problem and some of them can even be tried at the same time. But please do keep in mind that some products or extreme solutions can be dangerous and may even end up making matters worse. However, do not let yourself be taken in by desperation and always do try to follow natural treatment modalities for the most part as these are always safe and beneficial to the human body. So let’s dig right in and see what one should do in terms of acne treatment.

Firstly, you should set things right inside of your body. It is a well known fact that acne is mostly caused by problems from within the body. For instance acne can be a sign of intoxication or ingestion of harmful substances. This can be from the air that one breathes, or the food that we eat, or even an allergic reaction can be a possible cause. One will need to find the triggers and get rid of them in order to achieve a healthy skin and success with their acne treatment.

Secondly, while there are plenty of remedies and detox solutions available in the market, the simplest acne treatment is to drink a lot of fluids. Water will eliminate toxic substances and also accelerate the detoxification process. As you may already be aware, approximately 8 glasses of water per day will ensure proper hydration. Along with proper hydration also ensure that you are on a healthy diet.

Acne Treatment Natural Medications That Work

2019-09-13T18:14:00.001+05:00

It is time to treat the problem from the outside. This obviously means you will have to find reliable and reputable skin-care products that guarantee acne treatment. When in doubt, search for products that contain honey because its enzymes minimize the development of bacteria on your face. Also, honey is full of antioxidants and this is very good for your skin and stops the harmful action of free radicals which cause damage and death of healthy living cells and tissue.

In the case of acne, antioxidants enhance tissue development and also play a very important role in the healing of the acne scars. This makes honey very safe and extremely effective in acne treatment. Facial masks with honey can indeed do miracles for your skin, but they do tend to be a little bit expensive.

If you choose a professional facial wash, avoid washing your face excessively because your skin will get dry, which will only result in your oil glands generating much more oil. Instead choose a good cleanser and use it as directed. Also, make sure you read the ingredients to make sure that there are no harmful chemicals in it.

Taking care to follow the instructions and directions I have outlined above will go a long way in ensuring that your efforts will pay off. It might not appear to be the quickest treatment for acne that you have come across, but it is definitely a safe one and it is a good start for your acne treatment.

Causes of Skin Acne

2019-09-13T18:09:00.000+05:00

Acne is the most common skin problem that is not just ruin the appearance, but also potentially triggers a crisis of confidence. In addition to treatment, you need to identify triggers the appearance of acne as a precautionary measure.

Here are seven causes of acne that you need to know:

1. Hormone

If the acne appears monthly and periodically, most likely caused by hormones. Fluctuations in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle, is huge trigger acne.

2. Stress

When you stress, do not be surprised if the acne will grow in large quantities. In fact, when the psychological pressure, the body will produce more androgenic hormones trigger the growth of acne.

3. Phone

Are you including miss 'ring-ring'? Wireless phones, including goods, dirty and contaminated many bacteria. Often using the phone for a long time can irritate the skin on the cheek. The acne because bacteria easily grow attached to the cheek.

4. Moisturizing cream

Make sure the cream that you use everyday are suitable for skin types. Using a moisturizing cream that does not match the skin type of potential trigger acne and skin inflammation.

5. Sun

Sunlight makes the skin thicken. This thickening causes the blockage of pores and acne formation.

6. Highly pigmented cosmetics

Cosmetics that contain high color pigments can also clog pores and cause severe acne. Try to use decorative cosmetics mineral, because it is not very high pigment content.

7. Facial soap

Function of facial soap to clean the dirt from his/her face. But in some facial soap, cleaning the content actually related in the pores and cause blockage that ultimately trigger the growth of acne.

Best Foods For Skin Treatments

2019-09-13T17:56:00.004+05:00

Best Foods For Skin. You are what you eat; you need to apply this maxim in life. Because, health from head to toe, even emotional balance, all these can be influenced by what you eat every day, as quoted from the Modern Mom.

Healthy diet can not only make the body healthy, but also a healthy skin. Diet program that you apply to make changes to your dull skin into healthy and glowing. The best foods for healthy skin is rich in antioxidant-containing, iron, essential fatty acids like Omega-3 and Omega-6, and minerals such as zinc or selenium.

So, wait no more. From now on do not forget to provide foods that contain all of that material. Here are some examples of foods that are efficacious for skin health and beauty. Can be served for lunch at the office, dinner with friends, or while enjoying the holiday weekend at home.

Food is not only delicious, but also can be served with a fast, economical and of course in every bite will give amazing effects for your skin.

1. Tuna sandwich, wheat bread, with carrots, strawberries, and water

Tuna is rich in essential fatty acids Omega-3, this is great for healthy skin. Cook the tuna with lime juice and chopped onion. Add more with a piece of bread wheat are rich in Vitamin E.

Do not forget, carrots and strawberries (fruit of dark and bright colors may also) is rich in antioxidants that can keep the skin moist and provide protection from the effects of aging.

Every day, do not forget to multiply the water intake, recommended 6 to 8 glasses. Drinking water well to moisturize and soften the skin.

2. Soup with vegetables, beans, and wheat pasta

Vegetables, beans, and pasta wheat, contain antioxidants. Why are antioxidants so important for healthy skin? Antioxidants destroy chemicals in the body that can cause diseases like cancer and prevent damage to collagen.

Collagen helps keep skin elastic and smooth. So eat these foods can neutralize toxins in your body and is essential for healthy skin.

3. Grilled salmon with brown rice and carrots

Salmon, tuna, are rich in essential fatty acids. While brown rice high in Vitamin E. This is important because when diet and lack of Vitamin E normally pale skin, easily bruised skin, and wrinkles prematurely. While carrots, rich in vitamin A that can’t easily make the skin dry and scaly.

4. Salad mix

Salad is healthy and low calorie foods. For salad mix could use a few handfuls of dark leafy lettuce (green leaf lettuce, red leaf lettuce, or spinach), meat (chicken or turkey or even fish), a sprinkling of nuts, like walnuts or almonds, and grated parmesan.

5. Tofu stir fry with wheat noodles

Know & all other soy foods, rich in Vitamin B. Vitamin that helps keep your skin stays smooth and moist.

Cook with a mixture of antioxidant-rich vegetables like spinach and red peppers or green. Available in the noodle wheat. This will be a weekend lunch healthy and practical.

6. Peanut butter on wheat crackers with a colorful fruit salad

Eating foods that are good for your skin really do not have to be complicated and time consuming. Lunch is as simple as fruit salad with peanut butter and crackers, it could be an option at the time busy.

Biskui made peanut butter and wheat which contain vitamin E, can maximize the amount of antioxidants in the salad in front of you. Moreover, added fresh fruit colors, like oranges, kiwi, oranges and all kinds of berries.

7. Green beans

Presenting a bowl of porridge those antioxidant-rich green beans requires preparation that is not too long. However, you can generate many benefits for health, particularly the skin. Vitamins in nuts will give wonders for your skin.

Acne Treatment With Yogurt Mask

2019-09-13T17:46:00.000+05:00

Overcome Acne with Yogurt Masks. Yogurt not only can be healthy for your digestive system but also beautify the skin. Mineral content, calcium and zinc in yogurt can make skin become healthier and look shiny. Instead of buying expensive facial masks better just use yogurt to enhance your facial skin. Simply buy plain yogurt in the box and made of pure milk. And, before you use yogurt mask, wash your face first. Make sure there is no makeup left over for a mask attached to the skin perfectly.

You can just put plain yogurt on the skin using either a hand or a brush. Let stand for 5 to 10 minutes, then wash with water. To get a sense of relaxation, it's better if the yogurt is still cold you apply directly on skin. Cold temperature also serves to minimize the pores of the skin.

Use a mask of yogurt two to three times per week. With regular use you will get many benefits, among others:

1. Exterminate acne

Yogurt contains anti-bacterial and anti-fungal, and is great for acne prone skin. Its high content of zinc can overcome the stain of acne scars. Naturally, it will help get rid of bacteria and fungi on the skin of acne triggers. For acne prone skin use a yogurt made from skim milk. Allow the mask for 30 minutes and wash with warm water temperature.

2. Reduce the black spot on the skin

Yogurt can also whiten and reduce stains on the skin and the negative effects of sunlight. You can use yogurt from skim milk or whole milk. Allow the mask for 40 minutes and wash with warm water.

3. Slow down skin aging

Yogurt contains lactic acid and alpha hydroxy acid that can soften and improve skin elasticity. Yogurt can also prevent dry skin, wrinkles, and blemishes on the face. Yogurt mask function also remove dead skin cells and makeup remains attached to the skin. Lactic acid in yogurt also will shrink the skin pores.

MYCOSES- FUNGUS ON YOUR SKIN

2019-09-10T17:59:00.002+05:00

The person who gets allergic skin disease may be very suffering from the disease. However, this allergic symptom may not affected by obtaining the disease but due to the lack of proper treatment to the skin and the skin become more sensitive to external environment and final get the symptom of allergy.

The usually found fungous skin diseases will be classified into below kinds:

1. Fungi that only grow on the surface of skin or hair cause the disease called superficial mycoses.

2. Diseases like athlete foot or ringworm where only a superficial layer of the skin is damaged or infected are known as coetaneous mycoses or dermatomycoses.

3. Diseases where the subcutaneous, connective, and bone tissue that lie under the superficial layer are affected are known as subcutaneous mycoses. These initiate with a trauma to the skin and are generally chronic in nature.

4. The only fatal kind of mycoses is the Deep or Systematic mycoses where even the internal organs can be harmed badly by Fungi and can also become widely disseminated. These typically begin from internal elements like lungs and slowly unfold to the opposite elements still.

5. The diseases that are not caused in the regular course but are caused due to inefficiency of Immune system of Human Body are known as Opportunistic mycoses.

Most of the fungal diseases generally have a mild effect on the skin and are self-regulatory in nature.

Infections are caused by fungi when they pass the resistance levels of Human Skin and are classified on the basis of colonization of tissue levels.

The common symptoms of different kinds of disease fungal infections are as mentioned below:

• Infection in the nails.

• Infection in the inner or outer body of scalp.

• Ringworms of scalp, arms, legs or foot.

DISEASE SKIN RASH: THE MOST COMMON SKIN AILMENT

2019-09-10T17:53:00.002+05:00

In an anatomical and dermatological sense, skin is the largest organ, which is made up of many layers of epethilial tissue which in turn protects the internal organs and provides a means to control the body temperature. The skin also prevents pathogens from reaching the internal organs.

But as the skin is continuously exposed to pathogens and allergens, at times it succumbs to their effect. The most common type of skin disease is skin rash. A rash appears as a change in the color, appearance and texture of the skin. A rash can be either localized or spread all over the body. Rashes can cause the skin to discolor, itch, with an abnormal change in temperature, become bumpy, dry up excessively, get cracked or blistered.

There are many causes for the occurrence of skin rash depending on what the skin has been exposed to, hereditary tendencies etc. Accordingly the treatments also vary accordingly. Some of the diseases which include skin rash as a symptom are Lyme disease, Erythematic chromium migrans, Morgellons, Crohn's disease, Eczema, Kawasaki disease, Graves disease, Juvenile dermatomyositis etc. Some of the most common causes of skin rash can be listed as:

Anxiety
Exposure to allergens which may vary from foods like milk products, medicines, insect stings, some metals, such rashes are also called hives.
Too much exposure to sun or intense heat.
Irritation caused any kind of abrasive coming in contact with the skin.
Fungal infections like ringworm etc.

Hence the form and causes of skin rashes vary greatly from person to person. Also, this is only small part of benefits that you will get from having foot massage, the a lot more benefits are too many to describe in this article. However, choosing massage method of foot massage is also important.

INFORMATION OF SKIN DISEASE

2019-09-10T17:41:00.003+05:00

Dermatosis is the generic term for disease of skin. Dermatitis covers all skin diseases, many of which are not contagious. Skin diseases are of different nature some of them are very serious and deadly, while others just trouble us. Some skin diseases are such that they could be easily visible and some of them are barely visible. There are different types of skin diseases some of them are acne, seborrhea kurtosis, dermatitis, herpes, hives, psoriasis, rosacea, warts, seborrhea dermatitis and skin cancer etc. There are others skin diseases also like angioma, argyrols, baldness, boil, canker sore, cold sores, diaper rash, genital wart etc

Various skin diseases:

ACNE

It is the chronic condition that affects over 85% of adolescents and young Adults. There ar differing kinds of skin disease that reply to differing kinds of treatment.

DERMATITIS

It describes many classification of rashes. The most common one is Atopic Dermatitis or Eczema.

SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS

Its symptom is that it have various colors, grow quickly , itch and sometimes bleed. It is good that it is easily distinguishable

HERPES

These are caused by herpes simplex virus. However it can be cured by medication.

HIVES

Caused by AN sensitivity within the skin emotional the chemical amine

PSORIASIS

It is a lifelong skin condition caused by changes in immune system the rash of psoriasis is very distinctive.

ROSACEA

It is characterized by redness of face and acne. It is still not found out what exactly cause rosaceous but it is cured by medication and treatment

SKIN DISEASE

2019-02-03T01:22:00.001+05:00

As we are aware of this fact that skin is the largest organ of our body. The skin has roles in the thermoregulation, safety, metabolic functions feeling, assimilation, and excretion. It is the single organ, which is openly uncovered to all the elements of the external atmosphere. Our skin has an extraordinary capacity to guard and heal itself but in the same time the skin also have sensitivity. If we do not properly care to our skin, there is greater chance of skin to get allergic disease.

The significance of maintaining your skin healthy can’t be too much difficult. Its body initially protects against infection and disease, and it keeps your inner organs from damages. It is, actually the most important organ in the body. Skin situations can have an effect on anybody- infantile and older men and women.

If you consider you may possibly have a skin trouble, or must to gain knowledge of how to look after your skin, discussion with a dermatologist- a doctor who specializes in taking care of the skin and maintaining its healthiness- perhaps consecutively. The use of usual or synthetic cosmetics to take care of the look of the face and stipulation of the skin is widespread among lots of cultures. Oily skin is due to hormonal variation in the body.

This sensitivity signifies that the skin starts to lose moisture and necessary greasy acids, causing thousands of skin cells to expire, consequently skin producing superior levels of oil. In medication, the division concerned with the skin is known as dermatology. There are a lot of skin diseases but the most appear is itchiness and acne. Skin disease is extremely widespread at the present time. In skin infection fungal skin infectivity can be exceptionally severe and many are produced when they are lack of chemical balance.

TYPE 1 DIABETES

2018-10-24T21:18:00.002+05:00

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that make insulin. People with this disease must inject themselves with insulin in order to stay alive. They must carefully monitor their blood sugar, and also balance their food intake and exercise. Long-term complications of type 1 diabetes include disabling or even life-threatening organ damage, including heart disease, kidney disease, blindness and nerve damage.

More than one million Americans have type 1 diabetes, and the worldwide incidence of the disease is growing with the greatest increase in children under five-years-old. The disease accounts for 5 to 10 percent of all diagnosed diabetes in the United States.

Type 1 diabetes, also called juvenile diabetes, usually occurs in children or young adults and is especially prevalent among people of Northern European heritage. Additionally, family members of someone who has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes are 15 times more likely to develop the disease themselves.

RESEARCH ADVANCES

For the past two decades, BRI has served as a worldwide leader in research to diagnose, prevent, treat and cure type 1 diabetes. BRI scientists have accounted for some of the substantial discoveries in the field, including the identification of diabetes susceptibility genes, descriptions of the properties of diabetes-associated immune cells and the development of laboratory and clinical tools to study disease progression and response to therapy. Research at BRI to fight the disease includes:

Clinical Trials

Researchers focus on the prevention and early treatment of type 1 diabetes. BRI’s T1D clinical trials emphasize intervention studies with the goal of preserving insulin secretion in individuals newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Insulin production has been associated with reduction in severe hypoglycemia and complications, suggesting that intervention even after diagnosis is likely to have significant benefit for people with diabetes.

LIVER DISEASE

2018-10-19T19:11:00.001+05:00

There are many diseases and disorders that can cause the liver to stop functioning properly. Some of the different causes of liver disease include viral infection, alcohol or other environmental toxins, autoimmune disease and genetics. These contributing factors can lead to a variety of types of liver disorders, such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, cancer or cirrhosis.

The symptoms of liver disease can greatly decrease the quality of life for those afflicted and can even lead to death. Common symptoms can include abdominal pain, jaundice, digestive and metabolism problems, abnormal absorption of fats as well as nervous system disorders.

In the United States, there are more than 38,000 deaths each year attributed to chronic liver disease or cirrhosis. Liver disease is generally managed by slowing down disease progression, for some types with lifestyle changes such as eliminating alcohol, improving diet and exercising regularly and in other cases with anti-viral or immunosuppressive medications.

CELIAC DISEASE

2018-10-19T19:03:00.003+05:00

Celiac disease occurs when the immune system attacks the small intestine after exposure to gluten (a protein found in wheat, rye and barley). This causes inflammation and damage to the small intestine, which can prevent the absorption of water and nutrients into the body. Celiac disease is also known as coeliac disease, celiac sprue, non-tropical sprue, and gluten sensitive enteropathy. Celiac disease is hereditary, meaning that it runs in families. About 1 in 10 people with a first-degree relative with celiac disease (parent, child and/or sibling) will develop celiac disease.

Celiac disease is estimated to affect 1 in 100 people in the United States and its incidence appears to be rising. In addition, 2.5 million Americans are undiagnosed and may be at risk for long-term health complications. Celiac disease can develop at any age, affecting both children and adults. Left untreated, celiac disease can lead to additional serious health problems. These include nutritional deficiencies, anemia, increased risk of infections, osteoporosis, dermatitis herpetiformis (an itchy skin rash), infertility or miscarriage, neurological conditions including seizures and migraines, and intestinal cancers.

Currently, the only treatment for celiac disease is lifelong adherence to a strict gluten-free diet. People living gluten-free must avoid wheat, rye and barley, found in many foods including bread, pasta and beer. Gluten is also used commonly as a filler in many processed foods. With the increased marketing and development of gluten-free foods, a gluten-free diet has become easier to follow. However, many people with celiac disease still find the diet restrictive and difficult to follow, especially when eating outside their home. In addition, the majority of people with celiac disease continue to demonstrate evidence of ongoing intestinal damage even while attempting to adhere to a strict gluten-free diet. Thus, there is a clear need for adjunctive therapies in the treatment of celiac disease.

There are additionally some people who may have “gluten intolerance” without having celiac disease. These people may experience symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea or fatigue when they eat a diet containing gluten. While these are common symptoms of celiac disease, these individuals do not have the characteristic small intestinal damage or tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies found in celiac disease. It is not yet clearly understood what causes non-celiac gluten intolerance. Some experts have suggested that many symptoms attributed to gluten intolerance may be caused by FODMAP (fructose, olygosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols)-containing foods that are largely eliminated in gluten-free diets.

Celiac disease is restricted to people with certain HLA class II genes. About 40 percent of people have these genes but only one percent gets the disease. This suggests that there are other important genetic or environmental factors that play into the immune reaction in celiac disease.

SYMPTOMS OF CELIAC DISEASE

Celiac disease can be difficult to diagnose because it may affect many organ systems outside the intestines. Some people with celiac disease have no symptoms. However, all people with celiac disease are at risk for long-term complications, whether or not they display any symptoms.

Does My Child Have Celiac Disease?

Digestive symptoms are more common in infants and children. Here are the most common symptoms found in children:

abdominal bloating and pain
chronic diarrhea
vomiting
constipation
pale, foul-smelling, or fatty stool
weight loss
fatigue
irritability and behavioral issues
dental enamel defects of the permanent teeth
delayed growth and puberty
short stature
failure to thrive
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

LYMPHOMA CANCER

2017-11-11T23:20:00.001+05:00

Lymphoma: Types, Causes, and Treatment

Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. It affects a type of white blood cells known as lymphocytes. These help fight disease in the body. They play an important role in the immune system.

As lymphoma is present in the bloodstream, it can spread, or metastasize, to different parts of the body.

Lymphoma can occur at any age, but is one of the most common causes of cancer in children and young adults aged 15 to 24 years. It is often treatable.

Tests and Diagnosis:

There are no routine screenings for lymphoma. If a person has persistent viral symptoms, they should see a doctor.

The doctor will ask about the patient's personal and family medical history, and try to rule out other conditions.

They will also carry out a physical examination, including an inspection of the abdomen and chin, neck, groin, and armpits, where swellings may occur. The doctor will look out for signs of infection near lymph nodes, since this can account for most cases of swelling.

Treatment:

Treatment depends on the type of lymphoma and the stage it has reached. Indolent, or slow-growing lymphoma may need only watchful waiting and no treatment.

If treatment is necessary, it can involve:

· Biologic therapy: This is a drug treatment that stimulates the immune system to attack the cancer cells by inserting living microorganisms into the body.

· Antibody therapy: Synthetic antibodies are inserted into the bloodstream to combat the cancer's antigens.

· Chemotherapy: Aggressive drug treatment is used to kills cancer cells.

· Radio immunotherapy: This delivers high-powered radioactive doses directly into the cancerous B-cells and T-cells to destroy them.

· Radiation therapy: This is used to focus on small areas of cancer.

· Stem-cell transplantation: This can restore damaged bone marrow following high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

· Steroids: These may be injected to treat lymphoma.

· Surgery: This can be used to remove the spleen or other organs after the lymphoma has spread.

DENGUE FEVER

2017-11-11T23:14:00.001+05:00

Dengue fever is a painful, debilitating mosquito-borne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause West Nile infection and yellow fever.

Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aides mosquito infected with a dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. It can’t be spread directly from one person to another person.

Symptoms of Dengue Fever

Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include

Sudden, high fever
Severe headaches
Pain behind the eyes
Severe joint and muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Vomiting
Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever
Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising)

Treatment for Dengue Fever

There is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection. If you think you may have dengue fever, you should use pain relievers with acetaminophen and avoid medicines with aspirin, which could worsen bleeding. You should also rest, drink plenty of fluids, and see your doctor. If you start to feel worse in the first 24 hours after your fever goes down, you should get to a hospital immediately to be checked for complications.

Preventing Dengue Fever

There is no vaccine to prevent dengue fever. The best way to prevent the disease is to prevent bites by infected mosquitoes, particularly if you are living in or traveling to a tropical area. This involves protecting yourself and making efforts to keep the mosquito population down.

GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR

2009-07-27T21:26:00.002+06:00

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a blood growth factor (special proteins produced by the body) that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more infection-fighting white blood cells called neutrophils. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor causes cells from the bone marrow to become mature and activated. These cells then circulate into the bloodstream. Other types of growth factors called granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors affect the growth of other types of white blood cells along with neutron-phil.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is produced naturally by the body and is also available as an injection for patients with low white blood cell counts at risk of infection. The March 1, 2006, issue of JAMA includes an article about the experimental use of G-CSF in patients who have had a myocardial infarction (heart attack). Chemotherapy (drugs used to kill cancer cells) can damage rapidly dividing normal cells, such as the hair follicle cells that grow hair and the bone marrow cells that produce white blood cells, in addition to killing cancer cells. This causes low white blood cell counts. When patients have low white blood cell counts, they are at risk of infection. A low neutron-Phil count is called neutron-Pena. Doctors carefully monitor the blood counts of patients receiving chemotherapy and also watch for signs of infection, including fevers. They may prescribe G-CSF to increase the number of neutron-Phil and reduce the risk of infection. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is also used for patients who are receiving a bone marrow transplant and for some blood cell cancers. Not all chemotherapy requires G-CSF treatment.

HOW G-CSF IS GIVEN

Therapy usually begins 1 to 3 days after chemotherapy ends. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor is injected into the fatty portion of the skin, usually in the upper arm, thigh, or abdomen. To avoid infection, you should wash your hands before and after the injection and clean the injection site. Each needle should be used only once and disposed of properly. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is stored in the refrigerator but should be injected when at room temperature.

WHAT TO WATCH FOR WHEN RECEIVING G-CSF

Generally G-CSF is well tolerated although some patients experience bone pain or

slight redness at the injection site. These side effects are usually mild and go away once the injections are stopped. A patient receiving G-CSF injections should seek medical attention if any serious adverse effects occur, especially any signs of an allergic reaction such as swelling, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, or rash. Patients should have regular follow-up with their doctors as well as monitoring of blood counts.

ABDOMINAL PAIN

2009-07-27T21:26:00.001+06:00

Digestive problems are considered the most common cause of abdominal pain. Discomfort or irregularities in any organ or part of the abdomen can cause pain that radiates throughout the entire area.

Many people refer to abdominal pain simply as a stomachache. However, the abdomen contains many vital organs, muscles, blood vessels, and connective tissues that include:

· stomach

· kidneys

· liver

· small and large intestines

· the appendix

· pancreas

· gallbladder

· spleen

The main artery of the heart (aorta) and another heart vein (inferior vena cava) pass through the abdomen too. The abdomen is also home to the core muscles, the four groups of abdominal muscles that give the trunk stability and keep organs in place and protected.

Because there are a lot of areas that can be affected, abdominal pain may have many causes.

Common causes and symptoms

Abdominal pain is a common complaint and can be caused or complicated by a variety of factors.

Common causes include:

· Gastroenteritis (stomach flu)

· Gas

· Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

· Vomiting

· Gastritis

· Food intolerance

· Constipation

HEART DISEASE

2009-07-15T20:36:00.001+06:00

Heart Disease

Heart Failure

Heart failure, also called congestive heart failure, occurs when the heart is no longer strong enough to pump sufficient blood to the rest of the body. Common symptoms include:

· Shortness of breath or trouble breathing

· Fatigue

· Swelling in the ankles, feet, legs, abdomen, and veins in neck

These symptoms are often the result of fluid buildup in your body. As your heart grows weaker, symptoms get worse. You may begin to feel tired and short of breath after limited exertion or while lying flat.

Know Your Risks for Heart Failure:

· High blood pressure

· Coronary artery disease

· Heart attack

· Damage to heart valves

· History of heart murmur

· Enlargement of the heart

· Family history of enlarged heart

· Diabetes

· Obesity

· Alcohol or drug abuse

Coronary Artery Disease

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women. The most common form of heart disease is coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD develops over time due to the buildup of cholesterol-containing deposits or plaques build up narrowing the coronary arteries. This is also known as atherosclerosis. This can eventually weaken the heart muscle, causing heart failure or an arrhythmia. CAD often goes undetected until it produces a heart attack.

Know Your Risks for CAD:

· High blood pressure

· High cholesterol

· Smoking

· Diabetes

· Overweight or obesity

· Physical inactivity

· Genetic predisposition

Heart Attack

Coronary artery disease can lead to a heart attack or myocardial infarction. A heart attack occurs when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked and the heart can’t get oxygen. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute more than 1 million people in the United States have heart attacks. Getting emergency medical care as quickly as possible is key to surviving a heart attack.

These Symptoms May be the First Sign of a Heart Attack:

· Chest pain or discomfort

· Upper body discomfort

· Shortness of breath

· Breaking out in a cold sweat

· Nausea

· Light-headedness or sudden dizziness

· For women, in particular, a feeling unusually tired for no reason

Heart Attack Signs in Women:

· Pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain in the center of the chest, lasting more than a few minutes, or going away and coming back

· Pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach

· Shortness of breath with or without chest comfort.

· Signs such as breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea or lightheadedness

Heart Failure

Heart failure is a serious condition in which the heart does not pump well enough to meet the body’s demand for oxygen. Heart failure can result from a damaged or weakened left ventricle (known as systolic dysfunction) or a stiff ventricle (known as diastolic dysfunction).

Conditions that could lead to the development of heart failure include:

· coronary artery disease

· high blood pressure (hypertension)

· heart attack

· cardio myopathy

· valvular heart disease (i.e., valvular stenosis or valvular regurgitation)

· infection in the heart valves (valvular endocarditis) or of the heart muscle (myocarditis)

· congenital heart disease

· severe lung disease (i.e., pulmonary hypertension)

· persistent tachycardia and arrhythmias

Other advanced symptoms include:

· persistent coughing or wheezing (especially when lying down)

· fatigue, weakness

· feeling of suffocation while sleeping

· shortness of breath

· increased heart rate

· fluid buildup (edema), especially in the legs, ankles and feet

· sudden weight gain

· nausea, abdominal swelling, tenderness or pain

TYPE:2 DIABETES

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Type 2 diabetes, often called non-insulin dependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 90% - 95% of the 21 million people with diabetes. In this subchapter, we'll explain more about type 2 diabetes -- the symptoms and causes -- and also give you timely information on serious diabetes complications that can arise when blood sugar levels are not managed for a period of time.

What Is Type 2 Diabetes?

Unlike people with type 1 diabetes, people with type 2 diabetes produce insulin; however, the insulin their pancreas secretes is either not enough or the body is unable to recognize the insulin and use it properly. This is called insulin-resistance. When there isn't enough insulin or the insulin is not used as it should be, glucose (sugar) can't get into the body's cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, the body's cells are not able to function properly. Other problems associated with the buildup of glucose in the blood include:

Dehydration.

The buildup of sugar in the blood can cause an increase in urination (to try to clear the sugar from the body). When the kidneys lose the glucose through the urine, a large amount of water is also lost, causing dehydration.

Diabetic Coma (Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma).

When a person with type 2 diabetes becomes severely dehydrated and is not able to drink enough fluids to make up for the fluid losses, they may develop this life-threatening complication.

Damage to the body.

Over time, the high glucose levels in the blood may damage the nerves and small blood vessels of the eyes, kidneys, and heart and predispose a person to atherosclerosis (hardening) of the large arteries that can cause heart attack and stroke.

TUBERCULOSIS (TB)

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious airborne disease caused by Myco-bacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium that grows and divides inside of cells. The infection, which starts in the lungs, causes nodules known as tubercles, which are spots left by dead infected tissue. With time, the disease can spread to other areas of the lung and larger areas of lung tissue may die off, causing cavities. Bacteria can also spread to other organs, including the kidney, brain, and spine.

Active TB typically causes many symptoms that are most commonly related to the respiratory system, including coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm). You may experience a cough that lasts for over three weeks and pain when coughing or with normal breathing.

Other symptoms include:

• unexplained fatigue

• fever

• night sweats

• appetite loss

• weight loss

While TB usually affects the lungs, it can also affect other organs, such as the kidneys, spine, bone marrow, and brain. Symptoms will vary depending on which organ is infected. For example, tuberculosis of the kidneys can cause you to urinate blood.

AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME)

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What is a vaccine?

A vaccine is a medical product designed to stimulate your body's immune system in order to prevent or control an infection. An effective preventive vaccine trains your immune system to fight off a particular microorganism so that it can't establish a serious infection or make you sick.

What is the difference between a preventive HIV vaccine and a therapeutic HIV vaccine?

Therapeutic HIV vaccines are designed to control HIV infection in people who are already HIV positive (see Therapeutic HIV Vaccines Fact Sheet). Preventive HIV vaccines are designed to protect HIV negative people from becoming infected or getting sick. This fact sheet focuses on preventive HIV vaccines. Although there is currently no vaccine to prevent HIV, researchers are developing and testing potential HIV vaccines. The goal is to develop a vaccine that can protect people from HIV infection, or at least lessen the chance of getting HIV or AIDS should a person be exposed to the virus.

How does a preventive vaccine work?

When your body encounters a microorganism, your immune system mounts an attack on the invader. After the microorganism is defeated, your immune system continues to "remember" how to quickly beat the invader should it try to infect you again. A vaccine is designed to resemble a real microorganism. The vaccine trains your immune system to recognize and attack the real microorganism should you ever encounter it. If you've received an effective vaccine, your immune system will "remember" how to quickly attack and defeat a particular microorganism for many years.

What are the different types of vaccine?

There are three main types of vaccines that are being studied for the prevention of HIV infection and AIDS:

• Subunit vaccines, also known as "component" or "protein" vaccines, contain only individual parts of HIV, rather than the whole virus. Instead of collecting these parts from the virus itself, the HIV subunits are made in the laboratory using genetic engineering techniques. These man-made subunits alone—without the rest of the virus—can prompt the body to produce an anti-HIV immune response, although that response may be too weak to actually protect against future HIV infection.

• Recombinant vector vaccines take advantage of non-HIV viruses that either don't cause disease in humans or have been deliberately weakened so that they can't cause disease. These weakened (attenuated) viruses are used as vectors, or carriers, to deliver copies of HIV genes into the cells of the body. Once inside cells, the body uses the instructions carried in the copies of HIV genes to produce HIV proteins. As with subunit vaccines, these HIV proteins can stimulate an anti-HIV immune response. Most of the recombinant vector vaccines for HIV deliver several HIV genes (but not the complete set) and may therefore create a stronger immune response.

Some of the virus vectors being studied for HIV vaccines include ALVAC (a canarypox virus), MVA (a type of cowpox virus), VEE (a virus that normally infects horses), and adenovirus-5 (a human virus that doesn't usually cause serious disease) based vectors.

• DNA vaccines also introduce HIV genes into the body. Unlike recombinant vector vaccines, DNA vaccines do not rely on a virus vector. Instead, "naked" DNA containing HIV genes is injected directly into the body. Cells take up this DNA and use it to produce HIV proteins. As with subunit and recombinant vector vaccines, the HIV proteins trigger the body to produce an immune response against HIV.