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Park PSM 28th edition book pdf free download - direct link

2026-01-28T11:06:00.000-08:00

K park PSM 28th edition book pdf free download ⏬⏬⏬

Exploring Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine: The 28th Edition and the Quest for Free PDF Access

In the realm of medical education, few resources hold as much reverence as Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine (commonly abbreviated as Park's PSM). Authored by the late K. Park, this comprehensive tome has been a cornerstone for students, practitioners, and public health professionals for decades. The 28th edition, released in January 2025 by Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, continues this legacy with extensive updates that reflect the evolving landscape of global health challenges. As we delve into this article, we'll explore the book's history, content, significance, and the often-debated topic of accessing it via free PDF downloads. This discussion aims to provide a balanced, informative perspective, highlighting both the value of the text and the considerations surrounding digital access in an era where information is increasingly sought online for free.

The Legacy of Park's PSM: A Brief History

The origins of Park's PSM trace back to 1970, when the first edition was published. K. Park, an Indian physician and public health expert, envisioned a textbook that bridged the gap between clinical medicine and community health. At a time when preventive medicine was gaining traction worldwide, influenced by organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO), Park's work filled a critical void, especially in developing countries like India. The book quickly became a staple in medical curricula, particularly for undergraduate and postgraduate students pursuing degrees in community medicine, public health, and related fields.

Over the years, the textbook has undergone numerous revisions to incorporate advancements in epidemiology, health policy, and disease management. By the 27th edition in 2023, it had expanded to over 1,000 pages, covering everything from basic concepts in social medicine to intricate details of national health programs. The 28th edition, spanning approximately 1,200 pages, builds on this foundation with a focus on contemporary issues. Published in English and priced around ₹1,350 to ₹1,500 in India (with international prices varying), it remains accessible yet premium due to its depth and authority.

What sets Park's PSM apart is its adaptation to regional contexts. While globally relevant, it emphasizes health challenges prevalent in South Asia, such as infectious diseases, malnutrition, and population dynamics. This localization has made it indispensable for students preparing for exams like the NEET PG, FMGE, and various public health entrance tests. As of 2026, with the world still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic and facing new threats like climate change-induced health risks, the 28th edition's timely updates ensure its continued relevance.

What's New in the 28th Edition?

The 28th edition represents a significant overhaul, described by the publisher as "enlarged and completely updated." It has been extensively revised, thoroughly edited, and enriched with new topics to address emerging public health priorities. One of the standout features is the inclusion of new strategic plans with targets set for 2027. These cover a range of communicable diseases, including AIDS, malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis (TB), hepatitis B, cholera, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). For instance, the book outlines ambitious goals for disease elimination, aligning with India's National Health Policy and global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Treatment guidelines have been refreshed for several key conditions. Updates on TB management incorporate the latest from the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), emphasizing drug-resistant strains and shorter treatment regimens. Similarly, leprosy guidelines reflect advancements in multi-drug therapy, while hepatitis B sections include new vaccination strategies and antiviral therapies. The edition also addresses recent outbreaks, with expanded content on COVID-19, including long-term effects and vaccination equity. Dengue fever guidelines have been revised to include vector control innovations and climate-sensitive predictions.

K Park PSM 28th edition book pdf free download

A notable addition is material on Mpox (formerly monkeypox), detailing its epidemiology, transmission, and public health responses following the 2022-2023 global surge. Chapter 6 on the Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) has been thoroughly updated, incorporating data on rising burdens of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers in low- and middle-income countries. It discusses risk factors like urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and environmental pollutants, with evidence-based prevention strategies.

Nutrition and health receive substantial attention in the updated chapters. Recommendations from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) in Hyderabad are integrated, covering micronutrient deficiencies, obesity trends, and sustainable diets. The book highlights the role of nutrition in immunity, particularly post-pandemic, and includes new data on food security amid economic disruptions.

National programs like Ayushman Bharat have been expanded upon. The edition details the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), which provides health insurance to vulnerable populations, and introduces updates on senior citizen coverage. A new distinct card for individuals aged 70 and above is explained, emphasizing geriatric care integration. Chapters on demography, preventive medicine in obstetrics, pediatrics, and geriatrics have been modernized with census data from 2021 and projections for India's aging population.

Overall, these updates make the 28th edition a vital resource for staying abreast of policy shifts and scientific progress. User reviews on platforms like Amazon praise its clarity, with ratings averaging 4.9 out of 5 stars, noting the book's role in simplifying complex topics through diagrams, flowcharts, and case studies.

Content Overview: A Deep Dive into Key Sections

Park's PSM is structured thematically, making it user-friendly for both learning and reference. The book begins with foundational concepts in preventive medicine, including the history of public health and principles of epidemiology. It explains key metrics like incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates, with practical examples from real-world outbreaks.

Subsequent sections delve into communicable and non-communicable diseases. The communicable diseases chapter is exhaustive, covering bacteriology, virology, and parasitology, with emphasis on control measures like immunization schedules. NCDs are analyzed through a social lens, linking them to socioeconomic determinants.

Environmental health is another pillar, discussing water sanitation, air pollution, and occupational hazards. The nutrition segment provides dietary guidelines tailored to different life stages, while health education and communication strategies are outlined for community outreach.

The book shines in its coverage of health systems and programs. It details India's national initiatives, such as the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), alongside international frameworks like WHO's Health for All. Demography and family planning sections include fertility trends, contraceptive methods, and population policies.

Medical sociology, behavioral sciences, and ethics round out the content, encouraging a holistic approach to health. Appendices often include statistical tables, WHO reports, and glossaries, enhancing its utility as a reference tool.

The Importance of Park's PSM in Medical Education and Practice

In medical schools across India and beyond, Park's PSM is more than a textbook—it's a guide to understanding health as a societal construct. For MBBS students, it forms the basis of community medicine rotations, teaching them to think beyond individual patients to population-level interventions. Postgraduate residents in PSM or MPH programs rely on it for in-depth research and policy analysis.

Professionally, it's invaluable for public health officers, epidemiologists, and policymakers. During crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, earlier editions provided frameworks for contact tracing and quarantine, while the 28th edition builds on these with lessons learned. In regions like Tamil Nadu, where the user is located (based on general IP data), the book's focus on tropical diseases and rural health aligns with local challenges such as dengue outbreaks and maternal health disparities.

Globally, its affordability and relevance have led to translations and adaptations, influencing health education in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. As public health faces new frontiers like digital health and climate resilience, Park's PSM equips readers with the knowledge to adapt.

Accessing the 28th Edition: Legal Pathways and Alternatives

For those seeking the 28th edition, legitimate options abound. Physical copies can be purchased from major retailers like Amazon, Flipkart, and local bookstores in cities like Salem, Tamil Nadu. Prices start at around ₹892 with discounts, and e-book versions may be available on platforms like Kindle, though the publisher primarily offers print.

University libraries and medical institutions often stock multiple copies, allowing free borrowing for students. Subscription services like JSTOR or institutional access via universities provide digital excerpts. For professionals, organizations like the Indian Public Health Association (IPHA) may offer member discounts.

The Controversy of Free PDF Downloads

Now, addressing the elephant in the room: free PDF downloads of Park's PSM 28th edition. In an age of digital proliferation, many students and enthusiasts search online for cost-free access, driven by financial constraints or convenience. Queries like "Park's PSM 28th edition PDF free download" spike on forums such as Reddit, where users share links or request files, as seen in recent posts from Indian medical school communities.

However, it's crucial to note that free downloads are typically unauthorized and infringe on copyright laws. The book is protected intellectual property of Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, and distributing or downloading pirated versions violates international agreements like the Berne Convention. In India, the Copyright Act of 1957 prohibits such activities, with potential penalties including fines or imprisonment.

Sites offering free PDFs often host malware, risking device security and personal data breaches. Quality issues abound—scanned pages may be blurry, incomplete, or outdated (e.g., mistaking the 27th for the 28th edition). Ethically, piracy undermines authors and publishers who invest in research and updates, potentially discouraging future editions.

That said, some argue for open access in education, pointing to initiatives like WHO's free resources or open-source journals. While valid, Park's PSM isn't part of such programs. Alternatives include second-hand books from platforms like OLX or borrowing from peers. For partial access, official previews on publisher sites or academic databases like PubMed offer summaries of key topics.

Risks extend beyond legality. Using pirated materials in academic settings can lead to plagiarism flags if content is copied without attribution. Moreover, relying on unverified PDFs might expose users to inaccurate information, critical in a field like medicine where errors can have real-world consequences.

Park PSM 28th edition book pdf free download

Instead of pursuing free PDFs, consider open educational resources (OER). Websites like Khan Academy or Coursera's public health courses provide free videos and notes on similar topics. WHO and CDC websites offer gratis guidelines on epidemiology and diseases, complementing Park's content.

For budget-conscious learners in Tamil Nadu, government schemes like the Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation may subsidize textbooks, or local libraries in Salem could inter-library loan copies. Online communities like Medicos PDF or legitimate e-book rentals via Google Books are worth exploring, ensuring compliance with terms.

Conclusion: Valuing Knowledge Ethically

Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 28th edition stands as a testament to the enduring importance of preventive health in a changing world. With its updated content on diseases, policies, and nutrition, it empowers the next generation of health professionals. While the allure of free PDF downloads is understandable, especially for students facing economic pressures, pursuing legal avenues ensures sustainability and integrity in education.

In 2026, as health inequities persist, investing in authentic resources like Park's PSM not only enriches personal knowledge but also supports the broader ecosystem of medical publishing. Whether through purchase, library access, or supplementary free tools, the goal remains the same: advancing public health for all. By choosing ethical paths, we honor the legacy of K. Park and contribute to a healthier future.

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Park 28th edition book pdf free download

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Park's 27 th edition pdf free download - direct link

2025-01-11T00:52:00.000-08:00

Park's 27th edition of social and preventive medicine book free download ⏬⏬

Park's 27th Edition of "Social and Preventive Medicine" is a widely used textbook in the field of public health and preventive medicine. The book, authored by K. Park, covers essential topics related to social aspects of health, epidemiology, environmental health, and preventive strategies to improve population health. It serves as a comprehensive guide for medical students, public health professionals, and those involved in community health initiatives.

The 27th edition includes updated content reflecting the latest advances in the field, such as emerging health issues, global health challenges, and modern strategies for disease prevention and health promotion. It also emphasizes the importance of community participation, policy-making, and the role of healthcare systems in preventing diseases and promoting overall well-being.

This edition is considered an important resource for anyone studying or working in public health and preventive medicine, offering both theoretical knowledge and practical insights into addressing health problems at a societal level.

Park's "Social and Preventive Medicine" has been a cornerstone textbook for students and professionals in the field of public health and preventive medicine for many years. The 27th edition continues to build on its legacy by providing in-depth coverage of various aspects of public health, focusing on how social, economic, and environmental factors contribute to health outcomes.

Key Features of the 27th Edition:

1. Comprehensive Coverage:

The book covers core topics like epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health, health promotion, occupational health, and maternal and child health.

It also explores the principles of public health, disease prevention, and control at both the community and population levels.

The edition includes new chapters on emerging health issues such as non-communicable diseases (NCDs), global health, and the impact of climate change on health.

2. Updated Guidelines and Strategies:

The 27th edition provides updated information on the latest health policies, national health programs, and international health regulations.

It offers an expanded focus on newer preventive strategies and interventions, particularly for diseases that have gained prominence in recent years, such as lifestyle-related diseases, mental health concerns, and infectious diseases like COVID-19.

3. Focus on Health Systems:

The text delves into health systems and healthcare delivery models, addressing issues such as access to healthcare, equity in healthcare, and strategies for improving healthcare infrastructure, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

4. Case Studies and Practical Applications:

The 27th edition includes more case studies, practical scenarios, and examples from real-world public health challenges. These case studies help readers connect theoretical knowledge with practical implementation.

It also highlights various preventive programs and their successes and challenges in different parts of the world.

5. Emphasis on Research:

The book provides detailed explanations of how research is applied in public health, including the principles of epidemiological studies, surveys, and health intervention research.

It encourages students and professionals to critically evaluate research findings and integrate evidence-based practices into public health planning.

6. Global Health and International Perspectives:

There is an increasing emphasis on global health challenges, including infectious diseases, emerging pandemics, global health policies, and initiatives such as the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The book discusses the global burden of diseases, the impact of globalization on health, and the need for international collaboration to solve health problems.

7. Focus on Social Determinants of Health:

One of the main themes of the 27th edition is the focus on the social determinants of health, such as socioeconomic status, education, housing, employment, and access to healthcare services.

The book encourages a holistic approach to health that recognizes the impact of social and environmental factors on individual and community health.

Additional Features:

Illustrations and Charts: The book is known for its rich collection of tables, diagrams, and flowcharts that simplify complex concepts and data, making it easier for students to understand.

References to Indian Context: Since the author is based in India, the book includes numerous references and examples pertinent to the Indian healthcare system, national health programs, and public health challenges faced by the country.

Overall, the 27th edition of Park’s Social and Preventive Medicine serves as a valuable resource for anyone studying or practicing public health. It provides a solid foundation for understanding the role of preventive medicine and the multidisciplinary

approach needed to improve health outcomes at the population level.

Key Features of the Park's 27th Edition of spm:

1. Comprehensive Coverage:

The book covers core topics like epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health, health promotion, occupational health, and maternal and child health.

It also explores the principles of public health, disease prevention, and control at both the community and population levels.

The edition includes new chapters on emerging health issues such as non-communicable diseases (NCDs), global health, and the impact of climate change on health.

2. Updated Guidelines and Strategies:

The 27th edition provides updated information on the latest health policies, national health programs, and international health regulations.

3. Focus on Health Systems:

4. Case Studies and Practical Applications:

It also highlights various preventive programs and their successes and challenges in different parts of the world.

5. Emphasis on Research:

The book provides detailed explanations of how research is applied in public health, including the principles of epidemiological studies, surveys, and health intervention research.

It encourages students and professionals to critically evaluate research findings and integrate evidence-based practices into public health planning.

6. Global Health and International Perspectives:

The book discusses the global burden of diseases, the impact of globalization on health, and the need for international collaboration to solve health problems.

7. Focus on Social Determinants of Health:

One of the main themes of the 27th edition is the focus on the social determinants of health, such as socioeconomic status, education, housing, employment, and access to healthcare services.

The book encourages a holistic approach to health that recognizes the impact of social and environmental factors on individual and community health.

Additional Features:

Illustrations and Charts: The book is known for its rich collection of tables, diagrams, and flowcharts that simplify complex concepts and data, making it easier for students to understand.

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Park's 26th edition pdf free download

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Mouth sores (Aphthous ulcer) cause, types and its treatment

2024-10-26T10:05:00.004-07:00

Do you find, irritation or difficulty in the inner lips during, drinking coffee or any other hot soups? Do you have any pale white lesions on mouth, does it causing the irritability? Yes, you are having Aphthous ulcer !!!

What is Aphthous ulcer?

Aphthous ulcers also called recurrent aphthous dermatitis or simply known as canker sore is the most common ulcerative inflammatory condition of the oral cavity, especially around the lips and under the tongue. It is a very common condition. The reported prevalence in the general population varies between 10% to 60%, with highest incidence among teenagers.

Who will get Aphthous ulcer?

It typically starts in childhood or adolescence as small recurrent ovoid or round, flat ulcers with well-defined erythematous margins and a central yellow or greyish white floor. The lesions have a recurrent nature, meaning that they are episodic once they appear for the first time in an individual.

Causes for mouth ulcer:

The exact cause or etiopathogenesis for aphthous ulcers is not known. However, it is believed that ulceration might result from a sudden response of the immune system, especially cell-mediated immune system at the site of ulceration, leading to the liberation of cell-signalling molecules or cytokines like TNF-alpha and some other interleukins, which triggers the immune response.

These cytokines cause antigen expression on the surface of oral epithelial cells.The oral epithelial cells are then recognized by T lymphocytes which then trigger by a cytotoxic response and the epithelial cells are phagocytized by immune mediated cells resulting in the formation of ulcer.

Some non-triggering agents which can cause the similar stimulation of such an immune response are,as minor injury to the inside of the mouth during brushing, during plugging out impacted particles from teeth, for example from cuts, burns or bites while eating, dental work, heartbreak, or even a stroke.

- Deficiency of minerals like zinc, vitamin B12, folate, and iron that may present with anemia, can also develope mouth ulcer.

- Smoking cessation or new smokers, allergic reaction to oral bacteria, emotional stress, hormonal changes

- Associated with pregnancy, or having a weak immune system due to certain long term chronic conditions.

These triggering factors might be different in different groups of people. People will have a single or more than a single triggering cause for the lesions.

Types of Aphthous ulcer:

Thera are three main types of aphthous ulcers, they are usual minor and the unusual major and herpetiform variants.

Minor aphthous ulcerations is the most common form and represents more than 80% of those affected. Major aphthous ulcerations represent 10% of those affected and the remaining ulcers are represented by the herpetiform type of ulcer.

Minor Aphthous ulcer:

Minor aphthous ulcerations are the most common variant and appear with the fewest recurrences and lasts only for the shortest duration of time. They are the superficial lesions and appear on the non-keratinized mucosal areas of the lips and cheeks followed by the mucosa of the soft palate, the floor of the mouth, and the ventral surface of the tongue.

The ulcers are usually the most common form of aphthous ulcerations and appear on the non-keratinized usually less than a centimeter in size and last for about 7-10 days and then heals up without scarring. It usually disappears on its own.

Major aphthous ulcer:

Major aphthous ulcer is a less common than the minor type. The ulcer as the name suggests, it is larger in size. These lesions unlike the minor form are deeper and since they are deep, they persist for a longer duration of time, heals with scarring and it is more painful. Major aphthous ulcers have the longest duration of all types of Aphthous ulcers and heal up in a period of 1 month with scarring.

Major ulcers mostly occurs over the inner side of the lips. Other areas of the mouth are also might be affected. The size of the lesion may range between 0.2 cm to several cms. The lesions are very extensive may become secondarily infected and in such cases, healing process is further delayed due to secondary infections.

Herpetiform type:

The herpetiform type most commonly affects women. This form consists of the largest number of lesions or ulcer. The lesions occurs as small size ulcers with extremely painful lesions in the oral mucosal layer having a size of about 1-3 mm in diameter.

The lesions will heal within the period of 7 - 10 days. These lesions resemble herpetic ulcers only in appearance. But unlike herpetic ulcers, they do not develope the vesiculation and the lesions will not the herpes virus.

Treatment for mouth ulcer: (Aphthous ulcer)

1) There is no specific treatment suggested for aphthous ulcers. Minor ulcers will go automatically within a week, without any treatment.

2) Salt water gargling or provide iodine gargling can increase the healing. For major lesions which is not settling for many days needs biopsy to rule out any pre malignant lesions like leukoplakia.

3) Symptoms like burning sensation and pain can be relieved with the use of corticosteroids and analgesics.

4) Secondary infections can be prevented by antibiotics. Recurrences of the lesions can be reduced by identifying and avoiding the trigger agent.

5) If the ulcer starts bleeding and extremely painful constant the doctor immediately.

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Mudaliar and Menons clinical obstetrics book pdf free download - direct link

2022-11-24T08:45:00.005-08:00

Mudaliar and Menon clinical obstetrics book pdf free download⬇️⬇️

Obstetrics a one of the major subject in the final year MBBS. It is very much useful for the students to practice in the later life. It deals with the pregnant mothers and the womb. It is very much important subject in the curriculum of MBBS. obstetrics is one of the easiest subject and interesting on in final year mbbs.

Mudaliyar and Menon clinical obstetrics book is very helpful for the students to understand the concepts in obstetrics and practical application of this concepts in real life. One of the best books for practical obstetrics and gynaecology Hepzibha obstetrics and gynecology book. Mudaliar and Menon obstetrics book is useful for theri purpose of this subject.

This book deals with the formation of embryo and its development followed by growth of the uterus first trimester second trimester 3rd trimester and delivery after baby including the conductance of labour. It contains the management of antenatal care and its complications along with the prevention of that complications. Nowadays antenatal care should be given as quality as possible because mother care is much important for the development of the community and country.

Mudaliyar and menon clinical obstetrics book pdf will guide the students for high quality antenatal care and management of its complications.

Contents of this book :

Contents

Section 1

Anatomy and Physiology

1) The Pelvis

2)Genital Organs

3)Physiology of Ovulation and Menstruation 4) Fertilisation of Ovum and Development of the Embryo

Section 2

Physiology of Pregnancy

5) Maternal Changes During Pregnancy

6) Diagnosis of Pregnancy

7) The Fetus in Normal Pregnancy

8) Prenatal Care

9) Drugs in Pregnancy

10) Antepartum Fetal Surveillance Tests of Fetal Well-being

Section 3

Physiology of Labour and Puerperium

11)Causation and Stages of Labour

12)The Mechanism of Labour

13) Conduct of Normal Labour

14) Intrapartum Surveillance

15) Normal Puerperium

Section 4

16)Complications of Pregnancy Hyperemesis Gravidarum

17)Abortion

18) Ectopic Pregnancy

19) Hydatidiform Mole or Vesicular Mole

20) Anemia in Pregnancy

21)Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

22) Antepartum Hemorrhage-Abruptio Placentae

23)Placenta Previa

24)Preterm Labour

25) Intrauterine Growth Restriction

26)Prolonged Pregnancy

27)Multiple Pregnancy

28) Rhesus Isoimmunisation

Section 5

29)Diseases Complicating Pregnancy

30)Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

30) Liver Disease in Pregnancy

31) Tuberculosis and Pregnancy

32) Maternal Infections During Pregnancy 33)Diabetes in Pregnancy

34) Diseases of the Urinary System

35) Tumours of the Uterus and Adnexa

36) Surgical Emergencies During Pregnancy

Section 6

Abnormal Labour

37) Abnormal Fetal Presentation

38) Transverse or Oblique Lie

39) Breech Presentation and Compound Presentation

40) Dystocia due to Anomalies of the Expulsive Force

41) Abnormalities of the Reproductive Tract

42) Complications of the Third Stage of Labour and its management

43) Injuries to the Parturient Canal

44) Puerperal Infection

Section VII

The Newborn and Neonatal Problems

45) Resuscitation and Examination of the Newborn

46) Feeding of the Newborn and Immunisation

47) Respiratory Distress and Neonatal Sepsis

48) Neonatal Jaundice

49) Neonatal Problems and Their Management

Section 8

Obstetric Operations

50) The Forceps and Vacuum Extractor

51) Version and Destructive Operations

52) Cesarean Section

53) Induction of Labour

Miscellaneous

54) Maternal Mortality

55) Perinatal Mortality

56) Coagulation Disorders in Obstetrics

57) Imaging Techniques

58) Prenatal Diagnosis

59) Contraception

60) Medical Termination of Pregnancy

61) Maternal and Newborn Health: Initiatives of the Government of India

Appendix 1: History-Taking in Obstetrics

Appendix 2: Normal Blood Values

Appendix 3: Blood Transfusion in Obstetric Practise

Appendix 4: Obstetric Instruments

Answers to Questions

Index

Generations of undergraduate medical students are familiar with Mudaliar and Menon's Clinical Obstetrics, a classic among textbooks. Originally written by Dr A L Mudaliar and Dr M K KrishnaMenon, the twelfth edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to keep abreast of the latest advances in obstetrics.

New Features

Mudaliar and Menons clinical obstetrics book pdf has

1)At a Glance section depicts the flow, orderand sequence of the subject matter covered in each chapter.

2)Figures and diagrams have beenexhaustively revised with emphasis onclarity and visual impact.

3)Algorithms facilitate easy understanding of the processes of diagnosis and management of various conditions.

4)Content has been revised to incorporate evidence-based interventions.

5)National and international guidelines have been used wherever indicated.

6)Obstetric first aid and management of obstetric complications at the primary care level have been highlighted.

7)Maternal and child health initiatives of the Government of India have been collated and presented for easy reference.

About the author:

Dr AL Mudaliar(1887-1974)

He was an outstanding personality of his time of life. A gynecologist with other qualifications likeeducationist, statesman and much more, he served as the President of the World Health Organization 1961(WHO), and also as the Vice-Chancellor of Madras University, Chennai, Tamilnadu. He wrote Clinical Obstetrics, the first Indian book on obstetrics with eminent guidelines in association with Dr M K Krishna Menon. He was conferred with the doctorate degree of DCI by Oxford University, London and LLD by the universities of Hong Kong, Canada and India. His achievements are not expressible in words.

Dr M K Krishna Menon (1908-1988)

He was Professor at the Stanley Medical College,Chennai, tamilnadu and Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Madras Medical College (MMC) Chennai, Tamilnadu. He played an important role in implementing the safe practices in obstetrics and gynaecology in India & worked to bring down maternal and infant mortality and improve maternal and child health services in India , which was very much high at that time and also in other developing countries. He served 'presidential terms of office,'(PTO) with the Federation of International Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and the Indian Federation of Obstetric Societies(IFOS). His guidelines improved the quality of many families in India.

The Editors

Sarala Gopalan

He is former Professor and also the Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. She was one of the editors of Obstetrics and Gynecology for Postgraduates students (Third edition), Volumes 1 and also 2. She co-edited the tenth and eleventh editions of this book Mudaliar and menons obstetrics book.

S Rathnakumar

He is Retired Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Social Obstetrics and Government KG Hospital for Women and Children, and Madras Medical College, Chennai. Tamilnadu

Vanita Jain

He is Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. She co-edited the tenth and eleventh editions of this book. His participation is very much important for this book.

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Scarend cream review - Best scar removal cream

2022-11-05T03:40:00.002-07:00

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Scar end cream is a new product launched for reducing the scars,formed by wound,injuries and surgical scars. It is one of the most effective and cheap scar removal cream.

It is more effective in diminishing the scar appearance then mederma cream. It is more useful for prevention of scar formation and helps in establishing the healthy skin over the wound. You can use this cream for any kind of old scars like surgicals cars, injuries, wound scars and even burn scars.
The composition of scarend cream is Aluminium cepa extract and Allantoin which is known for its profession of new cells in the skin.

Many scar creams are available in the market but scarend cream by the Mankind Pharma is more effective and cost beneficial. You can use this car 3 to 4 times a day for 3 to 4 months.

A good consistent skincare with the right ingredients is one of the key steps to prevent scars.
For already existent scars, using the correct drugs would help in faster resolution with minimal damage to skin.

Composition:

Each g contains:

Allium Cepa Extract 0.1

Heparin Sodium IP 50.1 IU g

Allantoin IP 0.01 g

Gel base qs

PROPERTIES:

ScarEnd Gel exhibits the bactericidal activity (bacterial killing)and also promotes regeneration & limits fibroblast proliferation. Plant Allium cepae Linn. belongs to the family Liliaceae and contains the active substances like kaempferol, B-sitosterol, ferulic acid, myritic acid and prostaglandins. When they are applied to the scars, significant improvements in collagen organization and skin proliferation have been shown in experimental studies conducted by the Mankind pharmaceuticals.

Heparin has also been reported to hasten the beneficial properties with regard to wound healing and tissue formation. Many studies have revealed that the heparin has anti inflammatory, neo-angiogenic, collagen restoring, hypopigmentation,epithelialising, anti adhesive and anti-coagulating effects. Heparin strengthens the anti inflammatory effects of extractum cepae and can enhance collagen restoration and wound restoration.

Allantoin has the property to promote cell proliferation (removal of necrotic tissue) and epithelialisation (skin growth) and thereby promote the growth of new healthy tissue over wounds and sores of affected area. Allantoin is also counter irritant that helps alleviate skin irritation and reduces the itching sensation. Allantoin has emollient and soothing properties which can reduce inflammation cause by the local autocoids.

INDICATIONS:

This cream can be used for scars resulting from surgery, injury, burns, acne & stretch marks. Old scars need more attention it requires application of this scarend ointment for 4 to 5 times daily for five months.

CONTRA-INDICATIONS:

It should not be used by patients hypersensitive to parabens or any of its
ingredients. Please consult your Dermatologist before using this cream ,if you have allergy. It should not be applied on fresh wound.

SIDE EFFECTS:

Generally this cream iswell tolerated by the patients even during long term treatment. Local skin reactions are very rare.
Rarely it can cause local erythema and itching due to immuno compromised state of the individual.

APPLICATION:

Unless, otherwise prescribed by the Dermatologist, ScarEnd cream should be slowly rubbed into the skin or wound scar three to four times daily. In the case of hard, old scars, ScarEnd cream may be applied with dressing over night. Treatment will be necessary for several weeks depending upon the size of existing scar and place of scar.

NOT FOR OPHTHALMIC USE:

It is not used for ophthalmic uses it can cause damage to the eye epithelium. Protect it from kids and it is not a toy for kids

STORAGE:

Store the scarend cream at temperatures below 30°C. Do not freeze the cream. Keep out of reach of children.

PRESENTATION:

15 g tube packed in a carton along with a package insert in pink colour. Ready to use directly.

FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY.

Manufactured by : Akums Drugs & Pharmaceuticals private Ltd. 47 & 48, Sector-6A, I.I.E., SIDCUL,Haridwar -249 403, Uttarakhand. India, Asia.

COST OF THE SCAR REMOVAL CREAM:

It cost around 3- 5 dollars only, it is the cheapest product available for scar removal in the market of USA.

Marketed by:

Mankind pharmaceuticals company,
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K K Ramalingam ent book pdf free download (latest edition) - direct link

2022-09-28T00:01:00.008-07:00

KK ramalingam ent book pdf free download ⬇️⬇️

ENT is one of the major clinical subject during 3rd year MBBS. It is most interesting and easily understandable subject. It involves studying of ear ,nose and throat. The ENT diseases are seen in everyday life of a doctor. Especially in childrens this infections are most common. Knowing the basic of ENT is very essential for treating the patients with ENT diseases.

Many books are available for studying ENT the more commonly used books are Dhingra ENT,Vikas Sinha ENT etc. The choice of book depends upon the individual. One can choose any books based on their thoughts ,knowledge and other factors.

Short practice of otorhinolaryngology book pdf by KK ramalingam is one of the commonly used books for ENT. It is commonly used graduate ENT graduates. But it is also useful for undergraduate students especially for 3rd year MBBS. It is used for postgraduate final exams and other competitive exams like neet pg ,neet super speciality and other competitive exams.

Short practice of otorhinolaryngology book was written by KK ramalingam , one of the finest ent surgeon in the country. His works are well known and his book was popular among postgraduate ent students.

Content of this book:

Author notes:

From yore man has been inquisitive about attempting to manage sickness. the medication man, the priest, the therapist and therefore the magician, all undertook in varied ways in which to cure man's sickness and/or to bring relief to the sick. In AN nearly complete absence of scientific medical information, it i might not be truthful to mention that the first practitioners of medication contributed nothing to the alleviation of man's tormented by sickness. Medical information in reality has been derived, to a really nice degree, from the intuitive and empiric propositions and accumulative experiences gleaned from others. A history of medication so contributes a review of accomplishments and errors, false theories and information and mistaken interpretations. it's additionally a study of the evolution of man and of human information down the ages; of the biographies of eminent people World Health Organization developed medicine; of the discoveries and inventions: in several historical periods; and of the dynamic ideas, goals and objectives of medication. within the course of its evolution, that proceeded by stages, with advances and halts, medication has drawn richly from the standard cultures of that it's an area, and later from biological and natural sciences and a lot of recently from social and activity sciences. medication is so engineered on the simplest of the past. within the vessel of your time, medication has evolved itself into a system heavily bureaucratized and politicized. The "explosion" of data throughout the twentieth century has created medication a lot of complicated, and treatment a lot of pricey, however the advantages of recent medication haven't nevertheless penetrated the social edge in several countries. The obvious contrasts within the state of health between the developed and developing countries, between the agricultural and concrete areas, and between the made and poor have attracted worldwide criticism as "social injustice". The commitment of all countries, underneath the banner of the globe Health Organization, is to wipe out the inequalities within the distribution of health resources and services, and attain the Millenium Development Goals/ property Development Goals. The goal of recent medication isn't any longer just treatment of illness. the opposite and a lot of necessary goals that have emerged square measure bar of sickness, promotion of health and improvement of the standard of lifetime of people and teams or communities. In different words, the scope of medication has significantly broadened throughout recent years. it's additionally thought to be a necessary element of socio-economic development.

1) Disease of the ear

2) Disease of nose

3) Disease of throat

About the author:

Prof . K K Ramalingam

Dr. Sreeramamoorthi

Dr. Ravi Ramalingam

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P L Dhingra ENT book pdf free download

All 3rd year MBBS books free download

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Logan Turner's ent 11th edition pdf free download - direct link

2022-07-25T09:23:00.003-07:00

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Logan Turner's ent book 11th edition pdf free download ⬇️⬇️

Logan Turner's disease of ear,nose and throat book pdf download is most preferred book by the international students for Disease of ear, nose and throat. It is very much more knowledgeable and practically oriented book. This 11th edition of Logan Turner's ent book is considered as standard book in many institutions. Many undergraduate students also use this book for ent and it is more useful for competitive exams.

Foreword Preface

Contributors

SECTION THE NOSE

1) Anatomy along with the physiology of the nose & paranasal sinuses

- Tawakir Kamani and Anshul Sama

2)Investigation of nasal diseases

- Carl Philpott

3) Epistaxis

- Thushitha Kunanandam and Brian Bingham

4 ) Acute rhinosinusitis and its complications -Andrew C Swift and Adam J Donne

5) Granulomatous conditions of the nose -Joanne Rimmer and Valerie J Lund

6) Chronic rhinosinusitis- Robin Youngs

7) The blocked nose

-Paul S White

8) Allergic rhinitis

-Martyn L Barnes and Quentin Gardiner

9) Facial pain

-Nick S Jones

10) Nasal and facial trauma

-Peter D Ross

11) Facial plastic surgery

-Tim J Woolford

12) Pituitary surgery

-John Hill and Sean Carrie

13) Smell and anosmia

-Emma McNeill and Sean Carrie

14) Tumours of the nose and sinuses

- Kim W Ah-See

15) Specific chronic nasal infections

-Salil Nair

16) Snoring and OSA in adults

-Bhik Kotecha

SECTION II THROAT/HEAD AND NECK

17) Anatomy of the larynx and pharynx -Richard M Adamson and Safina Ali of pharyngeal disease

18) Investigation

-Nimesh Patel

19) Benign disease of the pharynx

-Stephen R Ell

20) Infections of the pharynx

-Andrew Robson

21) Investigations of laryngeal disease

-Meredydd Harries

22) Infections of the larynx

- Michael S W Lee

23) Tumours of the nasopharynx

-Nicholas D Stafford

24) Tumours of the oropharynx

-Paul Pracy

25) Tumours of the hypopharynx

-Jean-Pierre Jeannon

26) Tumours of the oral cavity

- Philip McLoughlin

27) Tumours of the larynx

-Kenneth Mackenzie

28) Salivary gland disease

-Patrick J Bradley

29) Thyroid disease

-Omar J Hilmi

30) Benign diseases of the oral cavity

-Graham R Ogden

31) Neck space infections

-Muhammad Shakeel and S Musheer Hussain

32) Disorders of voice

-Samit Majumdar

33) Vocal cord paralysis

- Conrad Timon and Emma C Cashman

34 )Laryngo-tracheal trauma

-Andrew Harris and Sanjai Sood

35) Tracheostomy

-John Dempster

36) Neck masses

- Vinidh Paleri and Hisham Mehanna

37) Dysphagia

-Charles E B Giddings and Francis M Vaz

38) The parathyroid

- Muhammad Shahed Quarishi

SECTION III EAR

39 Anatomy and physiology

Liam M Flood

40 Tests for hearing

Desmond A Nunez and Li Qi

41 Tests for balance

Peter A Rea and Jaswinder S Sandhu

42 Diseases of the external ear

Patrick M Spielmann and S Musheer Hussain

43 Acute otitis media

Aanand Acharya and Andrew Reid

44 Chronic otitis media

Joseph G Toner

45 Complications of otitis media

Duncan Bowyer

46 Otosclerosis

David E C Baring and lain RC Swan

47 Sensorineural hearing loss

David K Selvadurai

48 Tinnitus

Julian A Gaskin and Owen Judd with Henry Pau

49 Disorders of balance

Rahul Kanegaonkar

50 Cerebellopontine angle tumours

Christopher J Skilbeck and Shakeel R Saeed

51 Otological trauma

Nashreen Banon Oozeer and John Crowther

52 The facial nerve

Somiah Siddiq and Richard Irving

53 Otitis externa

Simon A McKean and S Musheer Hussain

54 Tumours of the middle ear

Anil R Banerjee

55 Implants in otology

E Mary Shanks and Peter Wardrop

SECTION IV PAEDIATRICS

56 Tonsils and adenoids

Peter J Robb

57 Acute rhinosinusitis and complications

Mary-Louise Montague

58 Stridor and airway endoscopy

David Albert and Yogesh Bajaj

59 Tracheostomy

Ann-Louise McDermott and Joe Grainger

60 Subglottic stenosis

Peter Bull and Neil Bateman

61 Tumours and cysts of the head and neck

Fiona B MacGregor

62 The deaf child

SJ Prowse and CH Raine

63 Acute otitis media and mastoiditis

Gavin Morrison

64 Otitis media with effusion

Matt Rollin and Antony A Narula

65 Chronic otitis media

C Martin Bailey

66 Balance disorders in children

Katherine Harrop-Griffiths

67 Choanal atresia

Haytham Kubba

68 Obstructive sleep apnoea

Ray Clarke

69 Drooling

S Musheer Hussain and Muhammad Shakeel

SECTION V MISCELLANEOUS

70 ENT head and neck radiology

Thiru Sudarshan

Index

Preface:

When I was asked to edit the eleventh edition of Logan Turner’s Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear: Head and Neck Surgery, I felt deeply worthy but failed to quite grasp the magnitude of the task.

It is an excellent privilege to edit this noted textbook in its centenary year. Not several medical books have been in continuous publication for one hundred years.

The response I received from the chapter authors, all leaders in their field World Health Organization un-hesitantly completed their chapters, was overwhelming. Many mentioned their feelings regarding the textbook. ‘I still keep my copy of the ninth edition’, said one. ‘It was the book that got ME through the exams’, said another. ‘It was my introduction to otolaryngology’ was another comment. The last 3 editions of this book were standard not solely within the British Isles, however additionally in South Asia, the region and the geographical region. The fifth edition was oversubscribed in North America and was well received.1

This 11tg edition of Logan Turner's ent book has been utterly revised to meet the requirements of aspiring otolaryngologists. All four sub-specialities ar diagrammatical within the chap-ters, together with a fifth section on radiology.

About the author:

This book is written by many authors,

Edited by, S Musheer Hussain - MBBS, MSc (Manc), FRCS (Ed & Eng) ,FRCS, (ORL-HNS) FRCP (Ed)

Consultant ENT Surgeon and also Honorary Professor of Otolaryngology at Ninewells Hospital and ,University of Dundee School of Medicine, Dundee, United Kingdom.

Salient features of this book:

- New and updated version, with multiple clinical pictures and photographs.

- A separate section for paediatrics,

- more and more graphs , tables and key points.

- Standard textbook for otolaryngology.

- colourful pictures and and their illustrations.

Download the book:

Download

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Hephzibah kirubamani obstetrics and gynaecology book pdf free download

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Short cases in Surgery Rajmahendran pdf free download - latest edition

2022-05-27T18:28:00.017-07:00

R Rajmahendran short cases in Surgery pdf free download ⬇️⬇️

Short cases in surgery carrier significant amount of marks in practical surgery exams. It is useful to know all the short cases thoroughly before the exams. Short cases are much shorter and can easily get good marks. Rajmahendran short cases in surgery book pdf is more helpful for the students to understand the short cases in general surgery and also to gain very good mark in the University exams. It has a separate book for short cases which contains all the elaborate details about the specific cases and viva stops and high yielding questions from the examinors.

It is easy to use and written in simple language so everyone can understand the concepts of surgery in detail. Raj Mahendra short cases in surgery book pdf will help the students to prepare the exams without any fear and misconceptions about exams. It is one of the most popular books among final year students for their preparations. You can download this short cases in surgery book PDF by clicking the link below.

Preface to first Edition:

With reminiscences and blessings of my affectionate friend Dr S Karthikeyan, MD (Anaesthesia), I write this Preface.

The days we tend to scan and ready seriously in each MBBS and MS ar extremely terribly short and also the tension in our brain at the time of exams was a very terrible. heap of books ar discharged once a year in surgery, innumerable points ar updated and also the communicationiners escort a bunch of surprising inquiries to the exam hall. I felt a book is required for each long cases and short cases generally surgery which might be simply revised at the time of exams. This book on "Short Cases in Surgery" is one among my dream comes for the past five years, i used to be operating for this book for the past three years, change the most recent the most recent points from customary textbooks and journals.

The book contains topics in associate degree orderly means and offers a group of purposes and doesn't miss any im portant point. I even have conjointly revised and updated the topics with none mistake in synchronic linguistics moreover as in sub ject. This book are going to be a decent steerage for postgraduates and can be an entire book for undergraduates. bound chapters might not be required for undergraduates, that ar written then and there. Kindly

omic those topics, except for postgraduates all the chapters ar vital and should be famous for the exam.

I hope this book can assistance will facilitate students everywhere Asian country to chop short their valuable time of prepara tion throughout their course.

Only overwhelmed gold metamorphoses to a decent wanting ornament, therefore do not hesitate to imply mistakes to American state, which is able to conjointly facilitate your colleagues and juniors showing for his or her future exams.

Contents of the Rajmahendran short cases in Surgery pdf download:

Foreword to 1" Edition.

Preface to 2nd Edition.

Preface to 1 Edition

Acknowledgement

SECTION A SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS LESIONS

Chapter 1 Swellings in Surgery

Chapter 2 Ulcers on the Skin

Chapter 3 Skin Cancer: Part 1

Chapter 4 Skin Cancer: Part 2

SECTION B HEAD AND NECK DISEASES

Chapter 5 Oral Cavity Carcinoma

Chapter 6 Secondaries Neck with Occult Primary

Chapter 7 Swellings in the Neck

Chapter 8 Salivary Gland Swellings

SECTION C INGUINO SCROTAL AND PENILE SHORT CASES

Chapter 9 Varicocele Testis

Chapter 10 Hydrocele

Chapter 11 Undescended Testis

Chapter 12 Testicular Tumours

Chapter 13 Phimosis.

Chapter 14 Carcinoma Penis

SECTION D MISCELLANEOUS

Chapter 15 Fibroadenoma of the Breast

Chapter 16 Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Chapter 17 Lymphoma

Chapter 18 Arteriovenous Fistula.

Key Features:

1)The only clinical case book in Surgery for Short cases covering A to Z all the essential points related to History Taking, Examination, Investigation, and Management with recent updates.

2)The Short cases in Surgery by Rajmahendran book is updated with all the Latest Editions like Bailey and Love, Sabiston, Devita, Schwartz etc.

3)Contains more than 100 Coloured Illustrations and Images.

4)Boxes containing Author's Alert points to enlighten the subject.

5)All topics are updated by the Subject Super specialists.

6)A good companion for the Undergraduates and Surgery Residents.

About the Author:

Dr. Rajamahendran MS, MRCS (Edinburgh), FMAS, MCh (Surgical Gastro) is a renowned author/ Surgery faculty in South India since 2007. He finished his MBBS and also with MS General Surgery from Kilpauk Medical College(KMC), Chennai. He completed MCh(Super speciality) Surgical Gastroenterology from Madras Medical College (MMC). He completed MRCS from Royal College Edinburg. He has published about nearly 10 articlespapers in International as well as National Journals as prime author and alsonas co-author. He has presented more than 30-40 papers in various Conferences and Workshops around the world.

Dr. Rajamahendran is a multifaceted personality as Faculty, Author, Motivator, Consultant and apart all he carries Enormous and Astonishing Surgical Skills in Advanced Laparoscopy, GIT, Pancreatic and Biliary Surgeries. He is the Director and Consultant Surgical Gastroenterologist of his Hospital- RRM GASTRO Super Speciality Clinic.

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Lakshmi Seshadri gynaecology book pdf free download - direct link

2022-05-05T22:52:00.008-07:00

Lakshmi Seshadri Essentials of gynecology book pdf free download ⬇️⬇️

Obstetrics and gynaecology (OG) is an important subject in final year mbbs. It is concerned with the pregnancy and female reproductive tract. Many students find OG as an easy subject and can pass easily.

Many books are available for Obstetrics like Shaw text book of gynaecology, but essentials of gynaecology by Lakshmi seshadri is more easier and easily understandable. Lakshmi Seshadri book is useful for last time preparations and for easy understanding of the subject.

Essentials of gynecology book by Lakshmi Seshadri is loaded with colourful diagrams and radiographic images which are useful for better understanding of the subject. It also contain many boxes which are there concise part of a set and topic. This boxes are very much useful for last time preparation also act like notes. This latest edition of the book contains many essential and advanced topics like histosalpingogram, ct in obstacles, fertility and carcinoma of female genital tract. It is also contents important topics like infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos), carcinoma cervix ,carcinoma endometrium, ovarian tumors, endometriosis , intrauterine contraceptive devices(iucd), oral contraceptives ,metastatic tumors, fibroids etc,.

Contents of the book:

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Section 1 : Basic Science in Gynaecology

1) Anatomy of the Female Reproductive Tract

2) Development of the Female Genital Tract: Normal and Abnormal

3)Female Reproductive Physiology

Section 2 : Gynaecological Evaluation

4)Gynaecological History and Physical Examination

5) Imaging in Gynaecology

6)Gynaecological Symptoms and Differential Diagnosis

Section 3 : Benign Gynaecology

7) Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

8) Disorders Associated with Menstrual Cycle

9) Benign Diseases of the Vagina ,vulva and Cervix of frt

10) Benign Diseases of the Uterus

11)Benign Diseases of the Ovary and Fallopian Tube of frt

12)Infections of the Lower Genital Tract

13) Infections of the Upper Genital Tract of females

14)Tuberculosis of the Female Genital Tract

15)Endometriosis

16)Chronic Pelvic Pain

Section 4 : Gynaecological Endocrinology and Infertility

17)Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology

18) Primary Amenorrhoea

19) Secondary Amenorrhoea and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

20) Hirsutism and Virilization

21) Menopause

22) Infertility

23)Hormone Therapies in Gynaecology

Section 5 : Disorders of the Pelvic Floor and Urogynaecology of frt

24) Pelvic Organ Prolapse

25) Urogynaecology

26) Urinary Tract Injuries, Urogenital Fistulas, Anal Sphincter Injuries and Rectovaginal Fistulas

Section 6 Gynaecological Oncology 401

27. Preinvasive and Invasive Diseases of the Vulva and Vagina

28. Premalignant Diseases of the Cervix

29. Malignant Diseases of the Cervix

30. Premalignant and Malignant Diseases of the Uterus

31. Malignant Diseases of the Ovary and Fallopian Tube

32. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Section 7 :Operative Gynaecology

33. Preoperative Preparation and Postoperative Management

34. Gynaecological Surgery

Index

About the author :

Lakshmi Seshadri, MD

Senior Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Thirumalai Mission Hospital, Vellore, Tamilnadu.

Formerly,Professor and Head of the Department Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu

Download the book :

Click here

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Hephzibah kirubamani obstetrics and gynaecology book pdf free download

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Undergraduate manual of obstetrics and gynaecology book pdf free download - latest edition

2022-04-20T21:36:00.025-07:00

Undergraduate manual of clinical cases in obstetrics and gynaecology by Hephzibah kirubamani book pdf free download ⬇️⬇️

Triple authors obstetrics and gynaecology book pdf free download ⬇️⬇️

Hephzibah Obstetrics and Gynaecology book pdf is useful for quick review in your mobile phone. It is the best book for clinical obstetrics and gynaecology.

Obstetrics and gynaecology is on of the major subjects in final year mbbs. It is the easiest subject in final year mbbs. Undergraduate manual of clinical cases in Obstetrics and Gynaecology by Hephzibah is one of the famous books for clinical obstetrics and gynaecology. It's latest edition is second edition.

This book is also called "triple authors" book. It is the most preferred book by the students. Hephzibah obstetrics and gynaecology book is loaded with information in a simple manner like charts, diagrams, clinical pictures,key points and frequently asked questions at the end of every chapter.

History taking for important obstetric conditions to help during examination & clinical practice. Commonly asked questions provided at the end of every chapter for immediate self-assessment. 50 clinical case scenarios enable students to practise the steps of evaluation and clinical management

Emphasis on communication, informed consent & clinical documentation in an exclusive chapter.Compilation of important scientific trials in obstetrics and gynaecology. Coloured photographs and videos on important practical topics for better understanding. First foot in operating theatre is the chapter that denotes the common aspects of operating room standards and ethics. Chapter on decision making steps character for some of the essential topics in OG.

This book describes common cases and scenarios encountered by students in Obstetrics and Gynaecology wards and serves as an enhanced learning and through its well illustreated, concise approach to clinical cases that helps students to understand. retain and reproduce in the clinical exam. It emphasizes on the fundamentals of medicine like methodical clinical examination to arrive at a provisional diagnosis. Relevant laboratory and other investigations are suggested for final diagnosis, followed by principles of management. This is an ideal practical book covering sufficiently all the requirements for undergraduate medical students for use during their ward postings. Postgraduate students will also find it useful as a quick reference for last minute preparation.

Contents of this book:

PART 1 - MEDICAL ETHICS INCLUDING EFFECTIVE CLINICAL COMMUNICATION

Medical Ethics

Guidelines for Effective Clinical Communication.

PC and PNTD ACT

Guidelines for Informed Consent

Medical Certificate

Template for Discharge Summary Template for Referral Note

PART 2 - OBSTETRIC CASES

CASE 1) Obstetric History Taking and Examination.

CASE 2) Normal Pregnancy.

CASE 3) A Case of an Anaemia Complicating the Pregnancy

CASE 4) A Case of Hypertension in Pregnancy

CASE 5) A case of prolonged pregnancy (post term/post dated).

CASE 6) A Case of Pregnancy Following Caesarean Section.

CASE 7) A Case of Heart Disease Complicating Pregnancy

CASE 8) A Case of Malpresentation

CASE 9) A Case of Multiple Pregnancy.

CASE 10) A Case of Rh-Negative Pregnancy.

CASE 11) A Case of Cephalopelvic Disproportion.

CASE 12) A Case of Diabetes Complicating Pregnancy

CASE 13) A Case of an Recurrent Pregnancy Losses or recurrent abortion

CASE 14) A Case of Fetal Growth Restriction

CASE 15) Normal Puerperium and Postnatal Care

CASE 16) Amniotic Fluid Disorders

CASE 17) Viva Voice Examination in Obstetrics fir evaluation.

PART 3 - GYNAECOLOGICAL CASES

CASE 1) Gynaecological History Taking and Examination

CASE 2) A Case of Vaginal Discharge.

CASE 3) A Case of the Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)

CASE 4) A Case of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)

CASE 5) A Case of Fibroid Uterus

CASE 6) A Case of Ca cervix ( carcinoma cervix)

CASE 7) A Case of Infertility

CASE 8) A Case of Primary Amenorrhoea

CASE 9) A Case of Secondary Amenorrhoea

CASE 10) A Case of Ovarian Tumour

CASE 11) A Case of Postmenopausal Bleeding in Vagina

CASE 12) A Case of Urinary Incontinence

CASE 13) Viva Voce Examination in Gynaecology

Index

List of Videos

Part 1

1) Informed consent for myomectomy

2) Informed consent for scan or anomaly scan

3) Informed consent VBAC

4) Preconceptional Nutritional Counselling

Part 2

5) Fundal grip

6) SFH measurement

7) Abdominal girth

8) Pelvic assessment in a model

9) Episiotomy suturing of vaginal mucosa

10) Elicit th scar tenderness

11) Artificial rupture of amniotic membrane

12) Video of normal vaginal delivery

13) Video of placental delivery

14) Suction evacuation

15) Neonatal resuscitation

16) External Cephalic version

17) Occipito posterior mechanism in model

18) Observe and assist in the performance of outlet forceps application

19) Observe & assist the performance of vaccum succion

20) Observe & assisting in the performance of a Caesarean section(c section)

21) Discuss about the mechanism of normal labor

Part 3

22) Palpating the abdominal mass

23) How to use Sim's speculum

24) How to use Cusco's speculum

25) Examination of third degree uterine prolapse

26) How to perform pap smear

27) Copper T removal

28) Dilation and curettage

29) Multiload insertion in a model

30) Pipellee currett

31) Demonstrate the correct technique to insert and remove an IUD in a simulated/supervised

environment

32) For self-protection against HIV and hepatitis and counsel patients

List of Lecture PPts

Part 2

1) A Case of Anaemia Complicating Pregnancy

2) A Case of Hypertension in Pregnancy

3) A Case of Prolonged (Post-Term) Pregnancy

4) A Case of Pregnancy Following the Caesarean Section in uterus

5) A Case of Heart Diseases Complicating the Pregnancy

6) A Case of Malpresentation

7) A Case of Multiple Pregnancy

8) A Case of Rh-Negative Pregnancy

9) A Case of Cephalopelvic Disproportion

10) A Case of Diabetes complicating pregnancy

Part 3

11) A Case of Vaginal Discharge

12) A Case of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

13) A Case of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

14) A Case of Fibroid Uterus

15) A Case of Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin)and Cancer Cervix

16) A Case of Infertility

17) A Case of Ovarian Tumour

Key features:

1) concise approach to understand the history taking, examination and arriving at the diagnosis of peculiar obstetrics and gynaecological cases.

2) explain the clinical aspects and relavent investigations in a concise manner for easy retention and remembering during clinical exam.

3) seperate section for history taking,viva voice along with photographs of specimen, instruments and ultrasound images.

4) procedure and examinations are explained in stepwise manner with surgical steps for better understanding of the students.

5) key points and frequently asked questions at the end of every chapter, useful for rapid revision.

6) this book is loaded with key facts and information in boxes and tables.

7) it also includes the procedure videos for important topics and it is also available as ebook.

New to this edition:

- Update and modified mapped content as per new clinical guidelines and competency based curriculum.

- Information about ethics, informed consent, communication, discharge summary and referral letters.

- New and expanded section on history taking,clinical examination ,instruments, specimens ,ultrasound images, viva, medical termination of pregnancy and urinary track infections

- additional more clinical photographs and self director learning along with case scenarios at the end of every lessons.

About the author:

N Hephzibah kirubamani

Professor of obstetrics and gynaecology in Saveetha medical college, Chennai. She has thirty five years of teaching experience and guide to many undergraduate and postgraduate students. She has published many international journals and involved in many research projects & training programmes.

A P Nalini Alexander

Former professor and hod of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Chettinad medical college, Chennai.

R Premalatha

Senior consultant in Mehta's Multi speciality hospital, Chennai. She is a recipient of lifetime achievement award from Dr.MGR medical University.

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Cp Baveja parasitology book pdf free download ⬇️⬇️

Paracetology is a branch of microbiology.

It deeds with the various microorganisms which are harmful to both human and animals. The incidents of paracetamolical or infection by parasitological organisms increases daily. To understand parasitology many books are available. The most simple easily understandable book is CP Baveja parasitology book.

This book is commonly preferred by the second year students of MBBS. It consist of only a minimum quantity but many students fine difficult to study parasitology. The book CP Baveja parasitology book PDF is more useful for better understanding of the subject. This book CP Baveja parasitology is also available with CP bavaja microbiology book pdf. Hence, one can easily understand the microbiology.

This book is loaded with colourful life cycles of every pathogens and also with comparative tables and clinical methods to diagnosis disease. CP Baveja one of the most famous and charming teacher who wrote this book. It is useful for both 2nd year university exams and also for postgraduate competitive exams including NEXT.

CP Baja parasitology 5th edition is the latest edition of this book, it is with new diseases like COVID, mucous mycosis etc,. Download this book for reference and you can score very good marks in university exams. Stick to this book for parasitology. It is more helpful to understanding the depth of the parasitology. Must read this book for exams and competitive exams.

Contents of this book:

1) General Introduction: Parasitology

Parasites ,Host ,Zoonosis ,Host-parasite,Relationships ,Life Cycle of Parasites ,Sources of Infection ,Modes of Infection ,Pathogenesis ,Immunity in Parasitic Infection ,Immune Evasion ,Vaccination ,Laboratory Diagnosis ,

2)Protozoa

General Features ,Structure ,Cytoplasm ,Nucleus ,Terminologies Used inProtozoology ,Reproduction ,Life Cycle ,Classification of Protozoa

3)Amebae

Entamoeba histolytica ,

Nonpathogenic Intestinal Ameba ,

Pathogenic Free-living Amebae

4)Intestinal, Oral with Genital Flagellates

Giardia lamblia,Trichomonas ,Chilomastix mesnili ,Enteromonas hominis ,Retortamonas intestinalis,Dientamoeba fragilis ,

5)Hemoflagellates

Zoological Classification of Flagellates,

General Characteristics ,Trypanosomes ,Leishmania

6)Malaria and Babesia

Malaria ,Classification ,Causative Agents ofHuman Malaria,Malaria Parasite ,Babesia Species ,Classification ,History andDistribution ,Habitat ,Morphology ,Life Cycle ,Pathogenicity and Clinical Features ,Laboratory Diagnosis ,Treatment ,Prophylaxis

7)Coccidia

Toxoplasma gondii ,Isospora belli ,Cryptosporidium parvum ,Cyclospora cayetanensis ,Blastocystis hominis ,

Sarcocystis

8)Microspora

History and Distribution ,Morphology ,Life Cycle ,Clinical Features ,Laboratory Diagnosis ,Treatment ,Prophylaxis

9)Balantidium coli

History and Distribution,Habitat,Morphology ,Life Cycle ,Pathogenesis,Clinical Features,Laboratory Diagnosis,Treatment ,Prophylaxis

10) Helminths: General Features

Phylum Platyhelminthes ,Phylum Nemathelminthes (Nematoda) ,Important Features of Helminths ,Zoological Classification of Helminths

11) Cestodes: Tapeworms

Classification of Cestodes ,Tapeworms: General Characteristics ,Pseudophyllidean Tapeworms,Cyclophyllidean Tapeworms

12) Trematodes: Flukes

Classification of Trematodes,Flukes: General Characteristics,Life Cycle ,Blood Flukes ,Hermaphroditic Flukes: Liver Flukes ,Intestinal Flukes ,Lung Flukes ,

13) Nematodes: General Features

General Characteristics ,Life Cycle Modes of Infection ,Classification ,Larva Migrans

14)Trichinella spiralis

Common Name ,History and Distribution ,Habitat ,Morphology ,Life Cycle ,Pathogenicity and Clinical Features ,Diagnosis ,Treatment ,Prophylaxis

15)Trichuris trichiura

Common Name ,History and Distribution ,Habitat ,Morphology ,Life Cycle ,Pathogenicity and Clinical Features ,Laboratory Diagnosis ,Treatment ,Prophylaxis

16) Strongyloides stercoralis

History and Distribution,Habitat ,Morphology ,Life Cycle ,Pathogenicity and Clinical Features ,Laboratory Diagnosis ,Treatment ,Prophylaxis

17)Hookworm

History and Distribution ,Ancylostoma duodenale ,Necator americanus ,Pathogenicity and Clinical Features of Hookworm Infection,Laboratory Diagnosis ,Treatment ,Prophylaxis ,Other Hookworms ,Trichostrongyliasis

18) Enterobius vermicularis

Common Name ,History and Distribution ,Habitat ,Morphology ,Life Cycle ,Pathogenicity and Clinical Features ,Laboratory Diagnosis ,Treatment ,Prophylaxis

19)Ascaris lumbricoides

Common Name ,History and Distribution ,Habitat ,Morphology ,Life Cycle ,Pathogenicity and Clinical Features ,Laboratory Diagnosis ,Treatment,Prophylaxis

20) Filarial Worms

Lymphatic Filariasis ,Subcutaneous Filariasis ,

21) Dracunculus medinensis

Common Name ,History and Distribution ,Habitat ,Morphology ,Life Cycle ,Pathogenicity and Clinical Features ,Laboratory Diagnosis ,Treatment ,Prophylaxis ,

22) Miscellaneous Nematodes

Angiostrongylus cantonensis,Capillaria philippinensis,Gnathostoma spinigerum,Anisakiasis ,

23)Diagnostic Methods in Parasitology

Examination of Stool ,Examination of Blood ,Sputum Examination ,Urine or Body Fluids Examination,Tissue Biopsy ,Muscle Biopsy ,Duodenal Capsule Technique (Enterotest) ,Sigmoidoscopy Material ,Urogenital Specimen ,Culture Methods ,Animal Inoculation ,Xenodiagnosis ,Immunological Diagnosis ,Skin Tests ,Molecular Methods ,

Index

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Exam prepatory manual of paediatric by Snehal Patel book pdf free download - Direct link

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Paediatrics is one of the major subject in medical field. It consists of patients below the age of 18. These age groups are growing children and they need a special attention. For this, the branch of paediatrics has developed into a major public importance. It consists of newly born children to adolescent people. They are growing and more prone to diseases.Many paediatric books are available nowadays for both theory and practical. Like, OP Ghai , lakshmana samy Aarusamy. These books are vast and need to be studied daily basis.

One of the best books for paediatrics is the Exam prepatory manual of paediatrics by Snehal Patel. It is very much useful for exam preparation and for passing the exams.Snehal Patel paediatrics pdf is very compact and easily understandable. They are also useful for postgraduatedical examination. Exam prepatory manual of paediatrics by Snehal Patel is published by Jaypee publication. It is useful for both theory and practical examinations.

It is loaded with diagrams and flowcharts for easy remembrance., which is reader friendly. It has separate portion for mcqs and viva section.

Contents of the book:

1) Growth and its Disorders

• Normal growth and factors affecting growth

• Assessment of growth

• Failure to thrive

2) Normal and Abnormal Development

• Normal development

• Developmental assessment

• Approaching a child with the global developmental delay (GDD)

• Approach to a child with delayed speech

• Cerebral palsy

• Mental retardation (intellectual disability)

3) Adolescent Health

• Growth and development in adolescents

• Sexual maturity rating

• Health problems in adolescents

• Management of adolescent care

4) Behavioral Disorders

• Pica

• Thumb sucking

• Enuresis

• Breath holding spells

• Attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD)

• Autism spectrum disorder

• Eating disorders• Some miscellaneous behavioral disorders

5) Immunization

• Cold chain and vaccine storage

• Immunization Schedules 2019

– National immunization schedule

– IAP immunization schedule

– Immunizing adolescents

• Catch-up vaccination

• Combination vaccines

• Individual vaccines

– BCG vaccine

– DPT vaccine, Pentavalent vaccines, TT vaccine, Tdap vaccine, DT vaccine

– Measles vaccine, MMR vaccine

– Polio vaccines

– Polio eradication—endgame strategy

– Hepatitis B vaccine

– Hepatitis A vaccine

– Pneumococcal vaccine

– Varicella vaccine

– Rotavirus vaccine

– Rabies vaccine

– Typhoid vaccine

– Human papillomavirus (HPV)

– Influenza vaccine

– MMR-V vaccine

– Hexavalent vaccine

• Adverse event following immunization (AEFI)

• Vaccine preventable disease surveillance

6) Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances

• Maintenance and deficit fluid therapy

• Hyponatremia

• Hypernatremia

• Hypokalemia

• Hyperkalemia

• Acid–base balance and imbalance

7) Nutrition

• Normal nutrition

• Assessment of nutritional status

• Undernutrition

• Severe acute malnutrition and its management

8) Micronutrients in Health and Disease

• Vitamins

– Vitamin A

– Vitamin D

– Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

– Vitamin E (tocopherol)

– Vitamin K

– Vitamin B complex

• Minerals and trace elements

– Calcium

– Magnesium

– Zinc

– Iodine

9) Neonatology

• Some definitions & terminology related to newborn care in paediatrics

• Care of newborn at birth:

– Routine care of newborn & neonatal resuscitation protocols

– Examination of normal newborn

– Danger signs in newborn

– Neonatal reflexes

• Thermoregulation in newborn

• Breastfeeding and complementary feeding

• Fluids and electrolytes in newborn

• Care of low birth weight babies

– Prematurity and IUGR

– Kangaroo mother care

– Feeding of low birth weight babies

– Growth monitoring in LBW babies

• Neonatal sepsis• Gastrointestinal problems in newborn

– Neonatal jaundice

– Necrotizing enterocolitis

• Respiratory problems

– Apnea of prematurity

– Respiratory distress in neonate

– Hyaline membrane disease (RDS—respiratory distress

syndrome)

– Meconium aspiration syndrome

– Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

– Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

• Central nervous system problems in newborn

– Perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

– Neonatal seizures

– Intracranial hemorrhage and preterm brain injury

• Hematological problems in newborn

– Vitamin K deficiency bleeding

– Approach to a bleeding neonate

• Metabolic disorders

– Hypoglycemia

– Hypocalcemia

– Inborn errors of metabolism in newborn

• Effect of maternal condition in fetus and neonate babies

– Infant of diabetic mother

– Congenital rubella syndrome

– Infant born to mother with tuberculosis

– Infant born to mother with a hepatitis B infections

– Maternal syphilis affecting newborn

– Maternal medications affecting newborn

• Miscellaneous

– Birth injuries

– Follow-up of high-risk newborns

– Neonatal transport

– Hydrops fetalis

– Retinopathy of prematurity

– Approach to the neonate baby with delayed passage of meconium after the birth.

– Approach to a neonate with delayed passage of urine after birth

10) Infections and Infestations

• Rational antimicrobial usage—curb your enthusiasm!

• Fever with rash

• Fever without focus

• Chemoprophylaxis

• Common infections in children

– Malaria

– Pediatric tuberculosis

– Measles

– Enteric fever

– Dengue

– Chickenpox (varicella)

– H1N1 infection (swine flu) or seasonal flu

– Diphtheria

– Whooping cough (pertussis)

– Tetanus

– Mumps

– Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)

– Brucellosis

– Chikungunya

– Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

– Toxic shock syndrome

– Kala azar

– Rickettsial diseases

– Osteomyelitis (OM) in children

• Pediatric HIV and PPTCT

• Worm infestations in children

• Infection-induced HLH (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis)

• Congenital infections

11) Disorders of Gastrointestinal System

• Acute diarrhea

• Persistent diarrhea

• Approach to chronic diarrhea• Lactose intolerance

• Celiac disease

• Vomiting in children

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease

• Constipation in children

• Chronic (recurrent) abdominal pain in children

• Acute hepatitis

• Clinical relevance of common liver function tests

• Acute liver failure in children

• Neonatal cholestasis (prolonged cholestasis of infancy)

• Portal hypertension

• Ascites in children

• Metabolic liver disease (MLD)

• Liver transplantation

12) Hematological Disorders

• Anemia in children

– Deficiency anemias

◆ Iron deficiency anemia

◆ Megaloblastic anemia

◆ Infantile tremor syndrome

– Hemolytic anemias

◆ Thalessemia

◆ Sickle cell disease

◆ G6PD deficiency

◆ Hereditary spherocytosis

– Aplastic anemia

– Physiological anemia of infancy

• Approach to a bleeding child

• Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

• Hemophilia

• Von willebrand disease

• Blood component therapy

13) Disorders of Respiratory System

• Clinical pulmonology in a nutshell

• The upper respiratory tract

• Allergic rhinitis (AR)

• Acute laryngotracheobronchitis

• Pneumonia in children

• Acute respiratory infection (ARI) control program

• Recurrent pneumonia

• Nosocomial pneumonia

• Bronchial asthma

• Bronchiolitis

• Approach to a child with recurrent wheezing problem

• Empyema

• Cystic fibrosis

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

• Foreign body inhalation

• Oxygen therapy

• Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

• Chest physiotherapy

14) Disorders of Cardiovascular System

• Congenital heart disease

– Ventricular septal defect

– Patent ductus arteriosus

– Atrial septal defect

– Cyanosis in children

– Tetralogy of Fallot

– Miscellaneous CHDs

– Timing of intervention in CHDs

• Acute rheumatic fever

• Congestive heart failure

• Infective endocarditis

• Myocardial disorders

• Pericardial disorders

• Hypertension in children

• Arrhythmias in children

• Syncope in children

• Cardiac manifestations of systemic disorders

• Prevention of adult cardiovascular disease—a pediatrician’s

perspective

15) Disorders of Kidney and Urinary Tract

• Clinical and laboratory evaluation of renal diseases

• Approach to a child with hematuria

• Disorders of glomerular function

– Nephrotic syndrome

– Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome

– Acute glomerulonephritis

• Hemolytic uremic syndrome

• Acute kidney injury

• Renal replacement therapy

• Urinary tract infection in children

• Tubular disorders in children

– Renal tubular acidosis

– Bartter and Gitelman syndrome

• Urolithiasis (kidney stones)

• Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract

• Antenatal hydronephrosis

• Cryptorchidism (undescended testis)

• Vesicoureteric reflux

16) Endocrine Disorders

• Thyroid disorders

• Disorders of parathyroid gland

• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

• Disorders of sex differentiation (ambiguous genitalia)

• Precocious puberty

• Delayed puberty

• Obesity in children

• Short stature

• Diabetes mellitus

• Diabetic ketoacidosis17. Central Nervous System and Neuromuscular

Disorders

• Febrile seizures and fever-related epilepsy

• Childhood epilepsy

• Status epilepticus

• Localization of neurological disorders

• Acute febrile encephalopathy

• Acute encephalitis syndrome

• Approach to altered level of consciousness and coma

• Acute pyogenic meningitis

• Lumbar puncture and clinical interpretation of CSF examination

• Microcephaly and macrocephaly

• Hydrocephalus

• Neural tube defects

• Parasitic diseases of CNS: Neurocysticercosis

• Acute stroke syndrome in children

• Neurocutaneous syndromes

• Neurodegenerative disorders

• Approach to a child with headache

• Approach to a floppy infant

• Acute flaccid paralysis

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy

18) Childhood Malignancies

• Leukemias

• Lymphomas

• CNS malignancies

• Neuroblastoma

• Wilms tumor

• Retinoblastoma

• Bone tumors

• Histiocytosis

19) Pediatric Rheumatology

• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

• Kawasaki’s disease and other vasculitides

• Systemic lupus erythematosus

• Henoch-Schönlein purpura

20) Childhood Genetic Disorders

• Basic genetics

• Down syndrome

• Turner syndrome

• Klinefelter syndrome

• Recent advances in genetics and gene therapy

21)Inborn Errors of Metabolism

• Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in children—a simplified

approach

• Common IEMs

– Phenylketonuria

– Glycogen storage disorders (GSDs)

– Galactosemia

– Gaucher disease

– Mucopolysaccharidosis

22) Diseases of the Eye

• Congenital and developmental cataracts

• Red eye in children

23) Pediatric Dermatology

• Atopic dermatitis

• Scabies

• Napkin dermatitis (nappy rash dermatitis)

• Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

• Ichthyosis

• Stevens–Johnson syndrome

• Mongolian spots

24) Common ENT Problems• Acute otitis media

• Deafness in children

• Acute tonsillitis

25) Pediatric Dentistry

• Normal dentition

• Dental caries

26)Poisonings and Accidents

• General aspects of poisoning

• Approach to a patient with poisoning

• Kerosene poisoning

• Organophosphorous poisoning

• Some other common poisonings

• Envenomation

• Drowning

• Electrocution and lightning

27) Pediatric Critical Care

• Pediatric intensive care unit

• Basic life support & pediatric advanced life support

• Basics of mechanical ventilation

• Total parenteral nutrition

• Shock

• Pain management and sedation in pediatrics

28) Pediatric Surgical Conditions

• Pediatric GI surgical conditions

– Acute abdomen

– Foreign body in GIT

– Cleft lip and palate

– Tracheoesophageal fistula

– Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

– Pyloric stenosis

– Gastroschisis and omphalocele

– Duodenal atresia

– Volvulus and malrotation of gut

– Anorectal malformation

• Pediatric urosurgical conditions

– Phimosis

– Epispadias

– Hypospadias

• Pediatric orthopedic conditions

– Developmental dysplasia of hip (congenital dislocation of hip)

– CTEV

• Brachial plexus injury

• Optimal timing of any surgery for common pediatric surgical indications.

29) Community Pediatrics

• Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses

(IMNCI)

• F-IMNCI

• Mamta kit

• Mamta card

• Under five clinics

• National health programs for child welfare and health

• Indicators of maternal and child health

• World breastfeeding week

• Child labor

• Child abuse and neglect

• Adoption

• Girl child—the “lesser” sex

• Effects of television viewing in children and screen time

• Fast food in pediatrics

30)Pediatrics for Practical Exam

• Format of pediatric case presentation

• Commonly asked practical cases—sample case presentations

with FAQs

– Thalassemia

– Cerebral palsy (GDD)

– Nephrotic syndrome

– Rheumatic heart disease

– FAQs on CVS short cases

– Tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TBME)

• Format of newborn case presentation

• Sample case presentation with FAQs—newborn

• Commonly asked instruments

– Common instruments

– Inhalation devices in asthma

– Equipment for neonatal resuscitation

• Commonly asked drugs and IV fluids

• Pediatric radiology

Epilogue

Annexures

Index

About the author :

Snehal Patel, MD Paediatrics

Senior professor,smt NHL municipal medical college, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Halak vasavada, MD Paediatrics

Senior professor,smt NHL municipal medical college, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Gargi Pathak,MD Paediatrics

Associate editor, BJ medical college, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

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Bonney's gynaecological surgery book pdf free download - latest edition

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Bonney's gynaecological surgery book pdf free download (latest edition) - Direct link ⬇️⬇️⬇️

Gynaecology is the study of reproductive organs. Gynaecologists are the specialized doctors for treating the gynaecological illness. The gynaecologists are trained in this field and this book guides those specialists.

In our day to day life, gynaecological illness are increasing drastically, due to environmental, lifestyle and primitive factors. Bonney's gynaecological surgery book will guide the doctors to correctly diagnose the illness and helps them to provide adequate treatment.

Not all gynaecological illness requires surgery,many illness can be treated with medications. Surgery is only needed in critical cases or in few extreme cases only. The motive of this book is to provide adequate knowledge about the gynaecological surgery, their steps and their complications.

The book covers the most important topics such as, fibroids, c - section, surgeries in cervix, uterus, fallopian tube,ovary and vulva. It also includes pre operative and post operative procedures.

Features of this book:

- simple language which is easily understandable

- more clinical pictures

- stepwise procedures of ang gynaecological surgery and their complications

- covers all type of surgery in gynaecology

- commonly used by many gynaecological students around the world.

Preface to the eleventh edition

Preface to the ninth edition

Part 1: General

1) Introduction and prologue

2) Preparation for surgery

3) Instruments, operative materials & basic surgical techniques

4) Opening & closing abdominal cavity

5) The laparoscopic approach in gynaecological surgery.

6) Postoperative care and complications

Part 2: Anatomical

For the general gynaecologists & gynaecologist in training time

7) Operations on the vulva

8) Operations on the vagina

9) Operations on the cervix

10) Operations on the uterine cavity

11) Operations on the uterus

12) Uterine fibroids

13) Operations on the fallopian tube.

14) Operations on the ovaries

15) Caesarean section

Part 3: Condition

Recognition of surgical specialities & other subspecialties

Urinary/pelvic floor

16) Operations to pelvic organ prolapse

Gillian E. Fowler & David H. Richmond

17) Operations for urinary incontinence by

David H. Richmond

18) Operations for the correction of urinary fistulae formation by

David H. Richmond

Oncology

19) Surgery for carcinoma of the vulva region

20) Vaginal cancer surgery

21) Cervical cancer

22) Uterine cancer

23) Ovarian cancer

24) Exenterative surgery

Operations on other organs

25) Vascular surgery: applications in gynaecology & gynaecological oncology

26) Urinary tract

27) Operations on the intestinal tract for the gynaecologists

28) Reconstructive procedures,

Index

About the author :

Tito Lopes MBChB, FRCOG,

Consultant Gynaecological Oncologist at

Royal Cornwall Hospital,Truro,UK.

Nick M. Spirtos MD

Professor & Vice-Chairman, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology,Director, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, and the Women’s Cancer Center of Nevada, Las Vegas,NV, USA.

Raj Naik MD, FRCOG

Consultant Gynaecological Oncologist & Surgeon Clinical Director of the Northern Gynaecological & Oncology Centre Queen Elizabeth Hospital,Gateshead,UK.

John M. Monaghan MB, FRCS (Ed), FRCOG

Retired Senior in Gynaecological Oncology, University of Newcastle Upon, Regional Department of Gynaecological Oncology,Queen Elizabeth Hospital

Gateshead,UK.

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General medicine is one of the major subjects in medical studies. Medicine is a vast subject and also very important. Many students feel difficult to study medicine. One should choose best, good and easy book for their studies. One of the most popular book is R Alagappan manual of Practical medicine,it is very much useful for final year students.

Contents of the book:

1. Introduction to Internal Medicine.

• History Taking

General Examination

• Examination of the skin

• Hair

• Face

• Eyes

• The Tongue

• Characteristic Types of Fades

• Constitution

• Stature

• State of Nutrition

• Posture

• Hands and Fingers

• Feet and Toes

• The Skin in Clinical Medicine

• Nails in Clinical Medicine

Temperature

• Normal Temperature Regulation in the Body

• Factors Determining Rate of Heat Production

• Fever

• Pain

• Chest Pain

• Abdominal Pain

• Pain due to Disorders of GIT

• Renal Pain

• Peripheral Vascular Pain Arterial Occlusion

• Venous Pain

• Neurogenic Claudication

Oedema

• Aetiology and Types of Oedema

• Pathophysiology of Oedema

• Characteristic Features of Oedema of Various

Aetiologies

Shock

• Control of Arterial Blood Pressure

• Control Mechanism

• Classification

• Fundamentals in Genetics

• Normal Chromosome Number and Structure

• Chromosomal Abnormalities

• Single Gene Disorders

• Histocompatibility Antigens

• Transplant Rejection

• Autoimmune Diseases

• Immunology and Malignancy

2. Nutrition

• Classification of Nutrients

• Water

• Mocro-nutrients

• Classification of Nutritional Disorders

• Pathological Couses of Nutritional Disorders

• Effects of Malnutrition

• Protein-Enery Malnutrition

Vitamins

• Vitamin A (Retinol)

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin E

• Vitamin K

• Thiamine (Vitamin B.)

• Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

• Niacin (Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide)

• Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

• Biotin

• Vitamin B12 and Folate

• Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

• Inorganic Nutrients

• Sodium

• Potassium

• Calcium

• Phosphorus

fron

lodine

• Zinc

• Fluorine

• Magnesium

• Manganese

• Copper

• Cobalt

• Nickel

• Chromium

• Selenium

• Obesity

• Types of Obesity

• Aetiology

• Pathology

• Prognosis

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia

• Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia

• Mosaicism

• Chimerism

• Multifactorial or Polygenic Inheritance

• Genomic Imprinting

• Trinucleotide Repeat

• Mitochondrial Disorders

• Common Chromosomal Disorders

• Immunology

• The Immune System and the Basis of Immunity

. Clinical Aspects of Immunology

Immunoglobulins

• Disorders of Immunoglobulins

Immunodeficiency States

• Hypersensitivity Reactions

3. Infectious Diseases

Bacterial Infections

• Staphylococcal Infections

• Streptococcal Infections

• Meningococcal Meningitis

Gonococcal Infection

Diphtheria

Tetanus

Botulism

Gas Gangrene (Clostridial Myonecrosis)

C. difficile Infection (Pseudomembranous Colitis)

Listeriosis

Anthrax

Haemophilus influenzae

Legionella (Legionnaires Disease)

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

Gram-negative Enteric Bacteria

Escherichia coli

Campylobacter

Enteric Fever

Shigellosis: Bacillary Dysentery

Cholera

Brucellosis (Undulant Fever)

Plague

Helicobacter pylori

Anaerobic Infections

Nocardiosis

Atypical Mycobacteria

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)

Chancroid

Granuloma Inguinale

Chlamydial Infections

Mycoplasma Infections

Spirochetal Diseases

Syphilis

Yaws (Framboesia)

Endemic Syphilis (Bejel)

Pinta

Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease)

Relapsing Fever

Rat-bite Fever

Lyme Borreliosis

Rickettsial Infections

Epidemic Louse-Borne Typhus

Endemic Flea-Borne Typhus (Murine Typhus)

Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi Fever)

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rickettsialpox

Tick Typhus (Rickettsial Fever)

Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis

Diagnosis of Rickettsial Infections

Q-Fever

Kawasaki Disease

Viral Diseases

Classification of Viral Disorders

Viral Infections and Cancer

Viral Pathogenesis

Immunity-Viral Diseases

Diagnostic Virology

Viral Respiratory Disorders

Parainfluenza

Influenza

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Herpes Virus Infections

Varicella Zoster Infections

Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4) and Infectious

Mononucleosis

Cytomegalovirus

Human Herpesviruses Types-6,7 and 8

Human Papillomavirus and Parvovirus Infections

Parvovirus Intections

Variola (Small Pox)

Measles (Rubeola)

Rubella (German Measles)

Mumps

Poliomyelitis

Rabies

Dengue Fever (Break-bone Fever)

Yellow Fever

Japanese B Encephalitis

Chikungunya Virus Infection

Gastrointestinal Virus Infections

Hepatitis Viruses (A-E)

COxsackie Virus Infections

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HV) Infection and

Acquired lmmunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Protozoal Infections

Malaria

Amoebiasis

Giardiasis

Cryptosporidiosis

Trichomoniasis

Balantidiasis

Isosporiasis

Leishmaniasis

Trypanosomiasis

Toxoplasmosis

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Helminthic Infestations

Classification of Helminths that Infest Humans

Ankylostomiasis (Hookworm)

Ascariasis

Strongyloidiasis

Enterobius Vermicularis (Threadworm or

Pinworm)

Trichuris Trichiura (Whipworm)

Tissue-dwelling Human Nematodes

Lymphatic Filariasis

Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia

Loiasis

Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)

Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Infection)

Zoonotic Nematodes

Trichinosis (Trichinellosis)

Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM)

Trematodes (Flatworms/Flukes)

Schistosomiasis (Blood Flukes)

Hepatobiliary Flukes

Intestinal Flukes

Lung Flukes

Cestodes (Tapeworms)

Taenia Saginata

Taenia Solium and Cysticercosis

Echinococcosis

Hymenolepiasis Nana

Diphylobothrium latum

Fungal Infections

Candidiasis

Histoplasmosis

Coccidioidomycosis

Pneumocystosis (Pneumocystis jiroveci

Pneumonia)

CryptOcOccosis

Aspergillosis

Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis/Phycomycosis)

Penicillium Marneffei Infections

Mycetoma (Maduromycosis and

Actinomycetoma)

Immunisation Against Infectious Diseases

Milestones in Vaccine Evolution

Adult Immunisation

Cardiovascular System

Symptoms and Signs

Dyspnoea

Angina Pectoris

Palpitation

Syncope

Cyanosis

Arterial Pulse

Blood Pressure

Examination of Neck Veins

Jugular Venous Pressure

Jugular Venous Pulse

General Examination

External Features of Cardiac Disease

Eyes in Cardiology

Inspection

Palpation

Percussion

Auscultation

Heart Sounds

Heart Murmurs

Dynamic Auscultation

Electrocardiogram

Electrical Axis

Left Atrial Enlargement

Right Atrial Enlargement

Left Verntricular Hypertrophy

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Biventricular Hypertrophy

Right Bundle Branch Block

Left Bundle Branch Block

Hemiblocks (Fascicular Blocks)

Bi-fascicular Block

Tri-fascicular Block

ECG in Coronary Artery Disease

ECG in Electrolyte Imbalance

ECG Changes with Drug IntOxication

ECG in Acute Pulmonary Embolism

ECG Features of COPD

ECG Features of Hypothermia

ECG in Various Arrhythmias

Congenital Heart Diseases

Classifcation of Congenital Heart Diseases

Cardiac Malposition

Cardiac Abnormalities with Various Genetic

Disorders

Maternal Disease causing CHD

Atrial Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Eisenmenger Syndrome

Tetralogy of Fallot

Pulmonary Stenosis

Congenital Aortic Stenosis

Coarctation of the Aorta

Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

Ebstein's Anomaly

Complete Transposition of the Great Vessels (D-Transposition)

Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Vessels

Truncus Arteriosus

Tricuspid Atresia

Congenital Complete Heart Block

Idiopathic Dilatation of the Pulmonary Artery

Congenital Abnormalities of the Coronary

Arteries

Rheumatic Fever

Valvular Heart Disease

Mitral Stenosis (MS)

Mitral Regurgitation (MR)

Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome (MVPS)

Aortic Stenosis (AS)

Aortic Regurgitation (AR)

Tricuspid Stenosis (TS)

Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR)

Pulmonary Stenosis (PS)

Pulmonary Regurgitation (PR)

Infective Endocarditis (1E)

Cardiac Failure

Aetiology

Pathophysiology

Classification of Cardiac Failure High Output and Low Output Failure

Treatment of Cardiac Failure

Systemic Hypertension

Recommendations of the Eighth Joint National Committee (UNC 8)

Strategies in the usage of Antihypertensive Drugs

Causes of Isolated Systolic Hypertension

Factors Influencing Prognosis

Non-drug Therapy

Drug Therapy

Special Considerations in Antihypertensive Therapy

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Unstable Angina

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Incidence

Risk Factoors

Symptoms

Signs

Myocarditis

Giant Cell Myocarditis

Cardiomyopathies

Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy

Tako Tsubo Cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

(ARVD)

Restrictive (Obliterative) Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Primary Cardiomyopathies

Secondary Cardiomyopathies

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM)

• Pericarditis

Aetiologic Classification

Cardiac Tamponade

Causes

Cardiac Arrest

• Causes

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Basic Life

Support)

Cardioversion (DC Shock)

Cardiac Surgery

• Cardiac Transplantation

Contraindications to Cardiac Transplantation

5. Respiratory System

Anatomical Landmarks

Bronchopulmonary Segments

• Borders of the Lung

. Pleural Border

• Pulmonary Circulation

Circulation (Bronchial Circulation)

• Symptoms and Signs

• Sputum

Dyspnoea

• Chest Pain

General Examination

• Clubbing

• Examination of the Neck

Scalene Lymph Node

• Significant Node

Lymphatic Drainage of

the Lung and Pleura

• Presence of Veins over the Chest Wall

• External Manifestations of Respiratory Diseases

• Examination of the Respiratory System

• Inspection of Upper Respiratory Tract

• Inspection of Lower Respiratory Tract

Position of Trachea

• Position of Apex Beat

Symmetry of Chest

• Chest Deformities

• Spinal Deformity

• Movement of the Chest

Palpation

Tracheal Tug-Oliver's Sign

Inspiratory Tracheal Descent

Confirmation of Apical Impulse

• Measurement of the Chest Expansion

• Assessing Symmetry of Chest Expansion

• Assessment of Anterior Thoracic Movement

• Assessment of Posterior Thoracic Movement

• Tenderness over the Chest Wall

• Detection of Subcutaneous Emphysema

• Tactile Fremitus

• Friction Fremitus

• Vocal Fremitus

Percussion of the Lung Fields

General Principles

• Areas of Percussion

• Auscultation

• General Principles of Auscultation

• Auscultatory Areas

• Technique of Auscultation

• Importance of Auscultation

• Breath Sounds

• Added Sounds

• Voice Sounds

• Miscellaneous Sounds

Other Features of Clinical Significance

• Others

• Cavity

• Thick-walled Cavity

• Thin-walled Cavity

• Fibrosis

• Types of Fibrosis

• Investigations

• Sputum Examination

• Lung Function Tests

• Bed Side Lung Function Tests

• Spirometry

• Lung Volume Estimation

• Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

• Chest X-ray

• Causes of Bilateral Hilar Enlargement

Causes of Unilateral Hilar Enlargement

• Unilateral Hypertransradiant Hemithorax

• Hemithorax Opacity

• Widespread Alveolar Opacities

• Honeycomb Lung (Air Containing Cysts 0.5-2.0 cm

in Diameter)

• Miliary Mottling (0.5-2 mm Opacities)

• Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

• Multiple Medium Sized Pulmonary Nodules

(5-10 mm)

• Lung Cavities

• Unilateral Elevated Hemidiaphragm

• Bilateral Elevated Hemidiaphragm

• CT Scan

Ultrasound Scan

• MRI Scan

• Gas Diffusion Capacity

• Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

• Ventilation-Perfusion Imaging

• Pulmonary Angiography

• Bronchoscopy

• Pleural Aspiration and Percutaneous

Pleural Biopsy

• Oxygen Therapy

• Respiratory Diseases

• Classification of Respiratory Diseases

• Bronchial Asthma

• Obstructive Sleep Apnoea-Hypopnoea Syndrome

(OSAHS)

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

• Bronchiectasis

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Tuberculosis

• Pneumonia

• Lung Abscess

• Pleural Effusion

• Pneumothorax

• Interstitial Lung Disease

• Bronchogenic Carcinoma

• Mediastinal Mass

• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

• Pulmonary Hypertension

Cor Pulmonale

• Pulmonary Thromboembolism

• Lung Transplantation

• Indications

• Types

• Prognosis

6. Abdomen

• Clinical Examination

• Signs and Symptoms

• General Examination

• Signs of Liver Cell Failure

• Regions of Abdomen

• Inspection

• Palpation

Percussion

• Auscultation

• Causes of Hepatomegaly

• Causes of Painful Hepatomegaly

• Causes of Pulsatile Liver

• Causes of Splenomegaly

• Causes of Hepatosplenomegaly

• Causes of Hepatosplenomegaly +

Lymphadenopathy

• Gastrointestinal System

• Dysphagia

• Achalasia Cardia

• Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease

• Peptic Ulcer Disease

• Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Sez. Endoscopy

• Gastrointestinal Bleeding

• Diarrhoea

• Malabsorption

• Tuberculosis of Abdomen

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome

• Ischaemic Colitis

• Carcinoid Tumours

• Gastric Ulcer and Malignancy

• Hepatology and Pancreas

• Hepatic Segments

• Liver Function Tests

• Jaundice

• Congenital Jaundice

• Familial Defects in Hepatic

Excretory Function

• HIV and the Liver

• Pregnancy and the Liver

• Viral Hepatitis

• Chronic Hepatitis

• Prevention of Hepatitis

• Autoimmune Hepatitis

• Polycystic Liver Disease

• Liver Abscess

• Amoebic Abscess

• Steatosis

• Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

• Cirrhosis of Liver

• Variceal Bleeding

• Ascites

• Fulminant Hepatic Failure

• Hepatic Coma (Hepatic Encephalopathy)

• Hepatorenal Syndrome

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma)

• Metabolic Liver Disease

• Wilson's Disease

• Haemochromatosis

• Reye Syndrome (Fatty Liver with

Encephalopathy)

• Budd-Chiari Syndrome

• Acute Pancreatitis

• Chronic Pancreatitis

Tropical Pancreatitis

• Liver Transplantation

• Cadaver Donor Selection

• Indications

• Contraindications

• Immunosuppression

• Live Donor Transplantation

• Auxiliary Liver Transplantation

• Split Liver Transplantation

• Bioartificial Liver

• Success Rate

• Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System

(MARS)

7. Haematology

• Haematopoiesis and Haematopoietic Growth

Factors

• Cell Divisions

• Haematopoiesis

• Normal Haematopoiesis

• Antigen Designation—Cellular Distribution

• Haematopoietic Stem Cells

• Haematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation

• Nature of the Marrow Stem Cell

• Stem Cell Diseases

• Therapeutic Application of Stem Cells

• Haematopoietic Growth Factors

• Major Growth Factors

Normal Reference Values in Haematology

• Absolute Reticulocyte Count

• Reticulocyte Index

• Peripheral Film Morphology

• WBC Count

• Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

• Automated Full Blood Analysis

. Anaemia

• WHO Definition

• Practical Classification of Anaemia

• Classification of Anaemia (Based on Reticulocyte Index)

• Symptoms and Signs

• Iron Deficiency Anaemia

• Megaloblastic Anaemia

• Anaemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) (Sideropenic

Anaemia, Simple Anaemia)

• Haemolytic Anaemia

• Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS)

• Sickle Cell Disease

• Thalassaemia

• Pancytopenia

• Aplastic Anaemia

Blood Transfusion

• Indications

• Manipulation of Blood Products

• Hepatorenal Syndrome

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma)

• Metabolic Liver Disease

• Wilson's Disease

• Haemochromatosis

• Reye Syndrome (Fatty Liver with

Encephalopathy)

• Budd-Chiari Syndrome

• Acute Pancreatitis

• Chronic Pancreatitis

Tropical Pancreatitis

• Liver Transplantation

• Cadaver Donor Selection

• Indications

• Contraindications

• Immunosuppression

• Live Donor Transplantation

• Auxiliary Liver Transplantation

• Split Liver Transplantation

• Bioartificial Liver

• Success Rate

• Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System

(MARS)

7. Haematology

• Haematopoiesis and Haematopoietic Growth

Factors

• Cell Divisions

• Haematopoiesis

• Normal Haematopoiesis

• Antigen Designation—Cellular Distribution

• Haematopoietic Stem Cells

• Haematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation

• Nature of the Marrow Stem Cell

• Stem Cell Diseases

• Therapeutic Application of Stem Cells

• Haematopoietic Growth Factors

• Major Growth Factors

Normal Reference Values in Haematology

• Absolute Reticulocyte Count

• Reticulocyte Index

• Peripheral Film Morphology

• WBC Count

• Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

• Automated Full Blood Analysis

. Anaemia

• WHO Definition

• Practical Classification of Anaemia

• Classification of Anaemia (Based on Reticulocyten Index)

• Symptoms and Signs

• Iron Deficiency Anaemia

• Megaloblastic Anaemia

• Anaemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) (Sideropenic

Anaemia, Simple Anaemia)

• Haemolytic Anaemia

• Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS)

• Sickle Cell Disease

• Thalassaemia

• Pancytopenia

• Aplastic Anaemia

Blood Transfusion

• Indications

• Manipulation of Blood Products

• Disorders of the White Cells

• Neutrophils

• Lymphocytes

• Eosinophils

• Monocytes

• Basophils

• Myeloproliferative Disorders

• WHO Classification of Myeloid Leukemia

• Polycythaemia Vera

• Essential Thrombocythaemia (Primary

Thrombocytosis)

• Primary Myelosclerosis (Myelofibrosis)

• Myelophthisic Anaemia

• Haematological Malignancies

• Lymphoid Malignancies

• Leukaemias

• Myelodysplastic and Preleukaemic Syndromes

(MDS and PLS)

• Lymphomas

Plasma Cell Dyscrasias

• Plasma Cell Disorders

An Approach to Bleeding Disorders

• History

• Examination

• Bleeding Disorders

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS)

HIT-Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (White Clot

Syndrome)

• Disorder due to Deficiency of Clotting Factors

Bone Marrow Transplantation

• Indications

• Types of Bone Marrow Transplantation

• Selection of the Donor

• Preparation of the Patient

• Marrow Aspiration and Infusion

Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) in

Leukaemia

Autologous BMT

• Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

• Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant

• Autologous Stem Cell Transplant

• Peripheral Blood Stem Cell

Transplantation (PBSCT)

8. Nephrology

• Urine Analysis

• Methods of Collection of Urine Specimens

• Dipstick Testing

• Microscopic Analysis

• Haematuria

• Urinary Casts

• Leucocytes in Urine

• Renal Tubular Cells

• Crystals

• Proteinuria

• Reducing Substances in Urine

• 24-hour Urine Studies

• Blood Tests for Evaluating Glomerular Disorders

Serum and Urine Protein Electrophoresis

• Urine Eosinophils

• Renal Ultrasonography

• IV Urography

• Radionuclide Scanning

• MRI Imaging and Angiography

Creatinine Clearance (CI)

• Urinary Tract Infection

• Definitions

• Risk Factors Associated with Urinary Tract

Infection

•Pathogenesis

• Symptoms of UTI

• Principles of Treatment of UTI

• Recommendations for Use and Care of Urinary

Catheters

• Urinary Antiseptics

• Prophylaxis for UTI

• Glomerulopathies

• Classification

Classification of Nephritic Syndrome Based on

Complement Levels

• HIV-associated Nephropathy

• Nephrotic Syndrome

Glomerulonephritis

• Alport Syndrome

• Fanconi Syndrome

• Chronic GN

• Tubulointerstitial Disease of Kidney

• Acute Interstitial Nephritis

• Renal Biopsy-Indications

• Contraindications to Renal Biopsy

• Chronic Interstitial Nephritis

• Polycystic Kidney Disease

Acute Kidney Injury/Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

• Causes of ARF

• Acute Tubular Necrosis

• Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)

• Chronic Kidney Disease

• Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

• Dialysis

• Haemodialysis (HD)

• Haemofiltration

• Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis

. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

(CAPD)

• Renal Transplantation

• Rejection

• Immunosuppressive Therapy in Renal

Transplantation

Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance

• Sodium

• Potassium

Acid-Base Balance and its Disorders

• Definitions

• Hydrogen lon Homeostasis

• Approach to Acid-Base Disorders

9. Nervous System

• Higher Functions

• Definitions

• Examination of Higher Mental Functions

• Consciousness

• Causes of Coma

• Approach to Coma

• Appearance and Behaviour

• Emotional State

• Orientation

• Handedness

• General Intelligence

• Memory

• Perceptions

Visuospatial Functions

• Sleep

• Speech and Language

• Cognitive Scales

• Examination of the Cranial Nerves

First Cranial Nerve (Olfactory Nerve)

Second Cranial Nerve (Optic Nerve)

• The Oculomotor (Third), Trochlear (Fourth), and

Abducent (Sixth) Cranial Nerves

Fifth Cranial Nerve (Trigeminal Nerve)

Seventh Cranial Nerve (Facial Nerve)

The Eighth Cranial Nerve (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)

• The Ninth and Tenth Cranial Nerves (Glossopharyngeal

and Vagus Nerves)

• Eleventh Cranial Nerve (Accessory Nerve)

The Twelfth Cranial Nerve (Hypoglossal Nerve)

• Spinomotor System

• Corticobulbar and Corticospinal (Pyramidal)

System

• Extrapyramidal System

• Neuromuscular System (Lower Motor Neurons)

• Cerebellum

• Sensory System

• Positive Phenomena

• Negative Phenomena

• Cutaneous Afferent Innervation

• Sensory Pathways

. Modalities of Sensation to be Tested

• Arrangement of Sensory Fibres

• Sensory Dermatomes

• Proprioceptive Sensations

• Vibration Sense

• Muscle Sensitivity

• Cortical Sensations

• Epilepsy

• Classification of Seizures

• Precipitating Factors for Epilepsy

• Causes

• Age-related Causes of Seizures

• Status Epilepticus

• Epilepsy in Pregnant Women

• Psychogenic Seizures

• Neurocutaneous Syndromes

• Neurofibromatosis

• Tuberous Sclerosis

• Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

• Sturge-Weber Syndrome

• Ataxia Telangiectasia

• Cerebrovascular Disorders

• Stroke

• Young Stroke

• Subclavian Steal Syndrome

• Lacunar Infarction

• Cortical Venous Thrombosis (Dural Sinus

Thrombosis)

• Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH)

• Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH)

Brain Death

• Essential Neurological Signs

Headache

• Pain Sensitive Structures

• Pain Insensitive Structures

• Mechanisms of Production of Headache

• Headache Caused by Systemic Illness

Neoplastic Disease of the Central Nervous System

• Spinal Cord Tumours (Excluding Secondaries)

• Cerebral Tumours

• Ring Enhancing Lesion--Differential Diagnosis

Movement Disorders

• Classification

• Parkinson's Disease

Parkinsonism Plus Syndromes

Motor Neuron Disease

• Genetic Classification

• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

• Progressive Muscular Atrophy (Predominant LMN

Involvement)

• Progressive Bulbar Palsy

• Primary Lateral Sclerosis (Predominant UMN

Involvement)

• Pseudobulbar Palsy (UMN Fibres Corticobulbar Tracts)

of Cranial Nerves

• Variants of Motor Neuron Disease

• Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)

Ataxic Disorders (Cerebellar and Spinocerebellar)

• Hereditary Ataxia

• Congenital Ataxias

Ataxic Disorders with known Metabolic or Other

Causes

• Ataxic Disorders of Unknown Aetiology of Early Onset

Ataxic Disorders of Unknown Aetiology of Late

Onset

• Multiple Sclerosis

• Clinical Features not Suggestive of MS

Features that Differentiate MS from Other

Demyelinating Disorders

• Meningitis

• Types of CNS TB

• Complications of TB Meningitis

Corticosteroids in CNS Tuberculosis

• Encephalitis

• Slow Virus Disease

• Autonomic Nervous System

• Horner's Syndrome

• The Spine

• Curvature Disorders

• Spinal Cord

• Vascular Syndromes of Spinal Cord

• Spinal Cord Disorders

• Traumatic Lesions of the Spinal Cord

• Tuberculosis

• Syphilis

• Epidural Abscess

• Epidural Haemorrhage and Haematomyelia

• Cervical Spondylosis

• Lumbar Canal Stenosis

• Paraplegia

• Syringomyelia

• Subacute Combined Degeneration (Posterolateral

Sclerosis of the Spinal Cord)

• Other Causes of Posterolateral Column

Syndrome

• Craniovertebral Junction (CVJ) Anomalies

• Classification

• Peripheral Neuropathy

• Pathogenesis

Classification of Peripheral Neuropathy

• Symptoms

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating

Polyneuropathy

• Hereditary Sensory Motor Neuropathy (Charcot-Marie

Tooth Disease)

• Polymyositis

• Classification

Muscular Dystrophies

• Classification

• Mitochondrial Myopathy

• Congenital Myopathies

• Central Core Disease

• Nemaline Myopathy

• Centronuclear Myopathy

• Myotonia Congenita (Thomson's Disease)

• Paramyotonia Congenita

• Myasthenia Gravis

• Myasthenic Syndrome (Eaton-Lambert

Syndrome)

10. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

• Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

• Anatomy

• Anterior Lobe

• Neurohypophysis

• Hypopituitarism

• Aetiology

• Hypersecretory Disorders of Anterior Pituitary

• Acromegaly and Gigantism

• Hyperprolactinaemia

• Pituitary Tumours

• Pituitary Hyperplasia

. Empty Sella Syndrome

Craniopharyngioma

• Disorder of the Neurohypophysis

• Diabetes Insipidus

• Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone

Secretion

• Thyroid Disorders

• Anatomy and Physiology of Thyroid Gland

• Hyperthyroidism

• Hypothyroidism

• Thyroiditis

• Malignant Tumours of the Thyroid

• Medullary Carcinoma

Disorders of Parathyroid Gland and Calcium and

Phosphorus Metabolism

• Anatomy and Physiology

• Actions of Parathormone

• Actions of Calcitonin

Parathormone Related Peptide (PTHrp)

• Causes of Hypercalcaemia

• Primary Hyperparathyroidism

• Hypercalcaemia in Malignancy

• Endocrine Causes of Hyperparathyroidism

• Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (Increased PTH and Calcium may be Normal or Low)

• Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism

• Hypocalcaemic Disorder

• Adrenal Glands

• Anatomy and Physiology

• Primary Hyperaldosteronism

• Secondary Hyperaldosteronism

• Cushing's Syndrome

• Adrenal Insufficiency

• Adrenal Crisis

• Phaeochromocytoma

• Sexual Disorders

• Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

• Aetiologic Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

• Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Statistical Risk Disease)

• Diagnosis

• Insulin Therapy

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

• Acute Complications of Diabetes

• Long-term Complications of Diabetes

• Diabetic Foot

• Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)

Pregnancy and Diabetes

• Surgery and Diabetes

• Hypoglycaemia in Adults

• Fed (Reactive) Hypoglycaemias

• Hyperlipoproteinaemias

• Structure

• Classification of Lipoproteins and their Composition

• Osteomalacia

• Aetiology

• Osteoporosis

• Aetiology

• Male Osteoporosis

• Paget's Disease

11. Connective Tissue Disorders

• Arthritis

• Approach to Musculoskeletal Pain

• Classification

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Drug Therapy

• Osteoarthritis (OA)

• Spondyloarthropathy

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

• Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

• Progressive Systemic Sclerosis

• Vasculitis Syndromes

• Polyarteritis Nodosa

• Churg-Strauss Disease (Allergic Angiitis or

Granulomatosis)

• Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG)

• Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis, Cranial Arteritis)

• Takayasu's Arteritis (Aortic Arch Syndrome)

• Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)

• Behçet's Syndrome

Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) (Autoimmune Exocrinopathy/

Autoimmune Epithelitis)

• Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS)

12. Oncology

• Basic Concepts

Genes and Cancer

• Tumour Suppressor Genes and Familial Cancers

• Cell Biology of Cancer

• Aetiology of Cancers

• Carcinogens

• Clinical Features of Cancer

• General Features

• Specific Clinical Features

Investigations

• Diagnosis Staging

• Performance Status

• Cancer Screening

• Complications

• Vaccination of Cancer Patients

• Paraneoplastic Syndromes

• Endocrine Syndromes

• Haematologic Syndromes

• Neurologic Syndromes

• Oncologic Emergencies

• Superior Vena Caval Obstruction

Increased Intracranial Pressure (Brain Metastasis)

• Meningeal Carcinomatosis

• Intracerebral Leucocytostasis (Ball's Disease)

• Seizures

Spinal Cord Compression

• Malignant Effusions

• Airway Obstruction

• Haemoptysis

• Intestinal Obstruction

• Urinary Obstruction

• Biliary Obstruction

• Other Emergencies

Metastatic Cancer of Unknown Primary Site

Biologic Behaviour

• Clinical Evaluation

• Pathological Evaluation or Biopsy

• Principles of Cancer Therapy

• Surgery

• Radiation Therapy

• Chemotherapy

• Therapy of Selected Cancers

• Symptom Control in Severe Cancer

• Pain

• Nausea and vomiting

• Pruritus

• Hiccup

• Breathlessness

• Cachexia/Anorexia

• Constipation

• Complications of Therapy

• Late Effects of Cancer Therapy

13. Geriatric Medicine

• Ageing

• Postulated Mechanisms for Ageing

• Some Physiological Effects of Ageing

• Characteristics of Disease in Old Age

Giants of Geriatric Medicine

• Principles of Management of Geriatric Problems

• Drugs Cleared by the Kidney which should be closely

Monitored in the Elderly

14. Substance Abuse

• Alcohol

• Risk Factors for Alcoholic Liver Disease

• Effect of Alcohol on Liver

• Alcohol and Central Nervous System (CNS)

• Tobacco Alcohol Amblyopia

• Nutritional Deficiency Syndrome

• Pregnancy and Alcohol

Gastrointestinal

• Haematology

• Cardiovascular System

• Respiratory System

• Genitourinary System

• Bone

• Endocrine

• Skin

• Alcohol and Malignancy

• Alcohol and Lymphatic System

• Alcohol and Drug Interactions

• Psychological

• Social

• Alcoholic Coma

• Alcohol Withdrawal

• Alcohol Dependence-Drugs Used for Management

• Smoking

• Contents of Cigarette Smoke

• Pharmacology of Cigarette Smoke

• Characteristics of Smokers

• Clinical Correlations

• Passive Smoking

• Smoking and Drugs

• Types of Smoking

• Cessation Process

• Cessation Methods

15.Imaging Modalities in Internal Medicine

• X-ray

• Chest Film

• Plain Abdominal Film

• Plain X-ray Skull

• X-ray Hands

• Contrast Studies

• Intravenous Urography Pyelography (IVU or IVP)

• Angiography

• Radioisotope Scanning

• Cardiac Scanning

• Brain Scanning with 99mTc

• Ventilation/Perfusion Scan (V/Q Scan) MTc Bone Scan

• Renal Scan

• Adrenal Scan

• Hepatobiliary Scan

• Thyroid Scan

• White Cell Scan

• Gallium-67 Scan

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography(SPECT)

• Ultrasound

Abdominal Scan

• Echocardiography

Thyroid Scan

• Orbit and Eye

Large Veins and Arteries

Special Techniques

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

• CT Brain

• CT Chest

• CT Angiography

• Benefits

• Risks

• CT Coronary Angiography

• CT-Abdomen

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

• Advantages of MRI 9

Diffusion-weighted MRI

• Disadvantages of MRI

16. Procedures

• Pleural Aspiration

• Indications for Pleural Aspiration

Indications for Therapeutic Aspiration

Site of Aspiration

• Pleural Aspiration Needle

Procedure

• Pleural Biopsy

Lumbar Puncture

Indications

• Contraindications

• Lumbar Puncture Needle

• Procedure

• Queckenstedt's Test

• Procedure

• Cisternal Puncture

• Pericardiocentesis

• Indications

• Needle

• Procedure

• Aftercare

Ascitic Fluid Aspiration (Paracentesis)

• Indications

• Procedure

Aftercare

Bone Marrow Aspiration

• Indications

• Contraindication

• Needles

• Procedure

• Trephine Biopsy

• Liver Biopsy

• Indications

• Contraindications

Liver Biopsy Needles

• Procedure

Aftercare

• Kidney Biopsy

• Contraindications

• Procedure

• Aftercare and Complications

• Setting up a Drip

• Indications

• Precautions

• Procedure

• Administration of Intravenous Cytotoxics

• Procedure

• Contraindications for Cytotoxic Therapy

• Problems

Percutaneous Central Venous Cannulation

• Procedure

• Maintenance of Central Venous Cannulation

• Passing a Nasogastric Tube

• Procedure

• Problems

Aftercare and Complications

. Urethral Catheterisation

• Indications

• Contraindications

• Choice of Catheters

• Procedure

• Problems

Arterial Puncture

Contraindications

Site of Puncture

• Procedure

• Tracheostomy

• Indications

Types

• Tracheostomy Tubes

Procedure

• Postoperative Care

• Removal of Tube

Endotracheal Intubation

• Types

• Procedure

Laboratory Reference Values

Serum Biochemistry

• Serum Enzymes

• Haematologic Values

• Urine

• Stool

• Sweat

• Hormones

• Cerebrospinal Fluid

Index

About the Author :

Dr.R Alagappan MD FIPS

Formerly Director professor & Head, Institute of Internal Medicine,Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Preface to the Fifth Edition

Preface to the Fourth Edition

Preface to the Third Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

SECTION 1: SYMPTOMWISE APPROACH

1. Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Anorexia

Nausea & Vomiting,

Flatulence (Gas)

Continuous Belching

Acute Constipation

Chronic Constipation

Acute Watery Diarrhoea

Acute Mucus Diarrhoea

Chronic Diarrhoea

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Dysphagia

Hiccups

Jaundice

Hepatitis - B

Ascites

Chronic Alcoholic with Tremors

Worm Infestations

Epigastric Pain

Duodenal Ulcer

Pain in Right Hypochondrium.

Amoebic Hepatitis

Pain in Right Iliac fossa

Colicky Pain in Abdomen

Ureteric Renal Colic

Small Intestinal Colic

Large Intestinal Colic

2. Cardiovascular symptoms

Anginal Pain

Treatment of Angina

Palpitations

Syncopal Attacks

Sudden Onset Breathlessness

Congestive Cardiac Failure,

Hypertension

Diet for Hypertension

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Care after Heart Attack

Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

3. Respiratory Symptoms

Cough

Hemoptysis

Bronchia Asthma

Hoarseness of Voice

Chest Pain

Pleural Pain

Pain of Rib Trauma

Pain of Costo-chondritis

Pain of Muscle Sprain

Repeated Cold

Emphysema

Tuberculosis

RNTCP

Snoring - OSA

4. C.N.S. Symptoms

Headache

Migraine

Convulsions

Epilepsy

Hysterical Fit

Trismus (Lock Jaw)

Giddiness

Tremors

Bell's Palsy

C.V.A. with Hemiplegia or Coma

Aftercare of Stroke

5. Orthopaedic Symptoms

Pain in Knee

Heel Pain

Low Backache

Pain in the Neck

Ankle Sprain

Fractures

Cramps in Calf

Intermittent Claudications

Tingling of Limbs

Osteoporosis

Pain at the base of Great TOE

6. Renal Symptoms

Edema

Frequency of Urine

Smelly Urine

Enlarged Prostate

Acute Retention of Urine

Hematuria

No Urinc For > 12 Hrs

Acute Renal Failure

Chronic Renal Failure

Nephrotic Syndrome

7. Endocrine Symptoms

Diabetes

The Five Stage Approach to Drug Treatment of Diabetes

Obesity

Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

8. General Symptoms

Loss of Weight

Feeling Tired (Fatigue)

Fever

Fever with Chills

Fever without Chills

Typhoid fever

Pallor

Stomatitis

Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Bitter Taste in Mouth

Cracks on the Soles

Excessive Sweating

9. Dental Symptoms

Toothache

Dental Hygiene

Bleeding Gums.

Hypersensitive Teeth

10. E.N.T. and Eye Symptoms.

Throat Pain and Fever

Acute Tonsillitis..

Acute Pharyngitis

Blocking of Nostrils

Common Cold

Epistaxis

Pain in Ear

Discharging Ear

Diminished Hearing

Tinnitus

F.B. in Ear

Ophthalmic Symptoms

- Acute Conjunctivitis

- Chronic Blepharitis

Acute Dacryocystitis

Stye

F.B. in Eye

11. Geriatric Symptoms

Problems of the Elderly

Insomnia

Constipation

Forgetfulness

Alzheimer's Disease

Frequency of Micturition

Tremors

Managing Bedridden Patient at Home

12. Paediatric Symptoms

a Immunisation Schedule

Neonatal Jaundice

Neonatal Convulsions

. Excessive Crying

Neonatal Vomiting

Feeding Advice & Prescription

Protein Calorie Malnutrition

Gastro-Enteritis Childhood Diarrhoeas

Febrile Convulsions

Child not Gaining Weight

Child Eating Mud

Thumb Sucking

Nocturnal Enuresis

Infant with Painful Leg

Chickenpox

Measles

Mumps

Rheumatic Fever

Primary Complex

Cervical Lymphadenitis

Tuberculous Meningitis

Acute Bronchiolitis

Polio

Art of Prescribing to Children

Common Pediatric Prescriptions

13. Skin Symptoms & Venereal Diseases

Hypopigmented Patches

- Leprosy

- Tacnia Versicolor

- Vitiligo

Patches on Cheek

Urticarial Rashes

Generalised Itching

Itching Around Anus

Itching of Vulva

Itching of Scalp

Baldness

Alopecia Arcata

Premature Greying of Hair

Excessive Loss of Hair

Hypertrophic Scar & Keloid

Herpes Zoster

Herpes Simplex

Eczema

Psoriasis

Taeniasis

Acne Vulgaris

Sore on Penis

Purulent Discharge per Urethra

A.L.D.S

14. Gynaecological Symptoms

Leucorrhoea

Early Detection of Cancer of Cervix

Menstrual Disorders

Dysmenorrhoea

Heavy Menstrual Flow

Postponement of Menses

Premenstrual Syndrome

Infertile Couple

Menopausal Symptoms

Family Planning Advise

15. Obstetric Symptoms

Pregnancy

- Routine Antenatal Checkup

- Prescribing in Pregnancy

Problems of Early Pregnancy

- Vomiting

- Bleeding P.V

Problems of 2nd & 3rd Trimester

- Anemia

- Pregnancy induced Hypertension

- Convulsions

- Heart Disease

- Bleeding P.V

Postnatal Problems

- Routine Postnatal Advise

- Insufficient Breast Milk

- Suppression of Breast Milk

Painful Cracks on Nipples

Cosmetic Problems in Pregnancy

- Stretch Marks

- Pigmentation

16. Surgical Symptoms

Breast Lump

Bleeding Per Rectum

Pain at Anus

Anal Lesions

17. Psychiatric Symptoms

Anxiety Neurosis

Psychic Complaints

- Panic Reaction

Phobia

Hysteria

Obsessive Compulsive Neurosis.

- Continuous Talker

Depression

Schizophrenia

Psychosomatic Illnesses

18. Marital Problems and Sexual Dysfunctions

Premarital Problems

- Consanguinity

- Engagement Neurosis

Marital Problems

Marital Counselling

Sexual Dysfunctions - Male

- Impotence or Erectile Dysfunction

- Pain During Ejaculation

- Dyspareunia

- Nocturnal Emissions

- Passage of Semen

- Masturbation

Sexual Dysfunctions - Female: Frigidity,

- Vaginismus

- Lax Vagina

- Common Querries

SECTION 2: EMERGENCIES IN GENERAL PRACTICE

19. Emergencies

Anaphylactic Shock

Cardio Respiratory Arrest

Unconscious Diabetic Patient

Suspected Myocardial Infarction

Acute Hypotension (Shock)

Watery Diarrhoea & Hypotension

When BP is > 200 mm Systolic

Breathlessness with Wheezing

Breathlessness without Wheezing

Severe Hematemesis or Hemoptysis

Scorpion Bitc

Snake Bite

Dog Bite

Patient Saved from Drowning

Temperature > 104°F

Burns

Electric Burns

Head Injury

Organo Phosphorus Poisoning

Poisoning - General Principles of Management

SECTION 3: DIET AND EXERCISE PRESCRIPTIONS

20. Dietary Advice

21. Exercise Prescriptions

SECTION 4: PROCEDURES IN GENERAL PRACTICE

22. Procedures

Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation

Neonatal Resuscitation

Nasogastric Tube Insertion

Catheterisation

Administering Injections

I.M. Injection

Subcutaneous Injection

Intradermal Injection

I.V. Injection

I.V. Fluid Administration

Enemas

Foinentations

Cold Compresses.

COLLOOD

Ice Bag

Dressings

CLW Suturing

SECTION 5: HINTS TO START A NEW PRACTICE

23. Hints

Requirements for Setting up General Practice.

General Hints

Writing Certificates..

Writing Referral Letters

How to Write a Prescription

Printed Instructions on Prescription

a Maintaining Records in General Practice

- System 1: Case Paper System

- System 2: Register System

- System 3: Case Paper with Patient

- System 4: Computer

Books Recommended for General Practitioners

24. Instant Relief

Instant Relief

Instant Relief in Adults

Instant Relief in Children 4-6 yrs old

Instant Relief in Infants upto 1 yr. old

SECTION 6: LAW IN RELATION TO GENERAL PRACTICE

25. Law

General Practice & Law

What does the Law Expect

Taxes Applicable to General Practitioner,

SECTION 7: TRADE NAMES OF DRUGS

26. Trade Names

Drugs for Gastro-intestinal System (1A to IN)

Nutrition and Vitamins (2A to 20)

Analgesic-Antiinflammatory Drugs (3A to 3H)

Drugs for Central Nervous System 14A to 41)

Drugs for Respiratory System (5A to 5H)

Drugs for Cardio Vascular System (6A to 6K).

Drugs for Infections and Irfestations 17A to 7H).

Drugs for Obstetrics and Gynaecology (8A to 8K)

Hormones (9A to 9B)

Drugs for Diabetes (10A to 10K)

Topical Applications (11A to 11M).

Drugs for Hair Problems (12A to 12D).

Drugs for Fye, Ear, Nose & Throat (13A to 13D).

Vaccines (14)

Miscellaneous Drugs (15A to 15C)

SECTION 8: CLINICAL EXAMINATION IN GENERAL PRACTICE

27. Clinical Examination in General Practice

Basic Examination (Adult)

Basic Examination (Child)

Patient with Fever (No Chills)

Patient of Fever with Chills

Patient of General Weakness and Fatigue

Patient with Anorexia

Patient of Infective Hepatitis

Alcoholic Patient with Ascites

Patient of Duodenal ulcer

Patient or Chronic Appendicitis

Patient of Ureteric Colic

Patient with Diarrhoea

Patient with Left Chest Pain (Non-cardiac)

Patient with Palpitations

Patient with Sudden Breathlessness

Patient with Hypertension

Patient with Common Cold & Fever

Patient with Cough

Patient with Headache

Patient with Giddiness

Young Patient with Tremors

Patient with Sudden Hemiplegia

Patient with Pain in Neck and Shoulders

Patient with Low Backache

Patient with Knee Pain

Patient with Edema

Patient with Dysuria

Child with Worms and Anaemia

Child with Tonsillitis

Child with Pain in the Ear

Child with Acute Gastroenteritis

Child with Acute Bronchiolitis

Infant with Excessive Crying

Child with Rheumatic Arthritis & Fever

Unconscious Diabetic

Unconscious Patient

SECTION 9: SOME COMMON DISCUSSIONS

28. Which Drug should I use?

Choice of Antibiotics

Choice of NSAID in Chronic Pains

Choice of Antihypertensives

29. Am I Missing a Heart Attack?

30. Treatment of Malaria

31. Follow up in Tuberculosis

MDR Tuberculosis

32. Bypassing the Bypass

33. Obesity

34. Alcohol Detection

35. The Travelling Patient

36. Health Checkup Camps

37. Cocktails for Health

38. Important Dates

39. My Notes

INDEX

About the Author:

Dr. Ghanashyam Vaidya M.S is the author of the book General Practice ( a practical manual). He is also a fantastic doctor and a teacher. He had done more than 30,000 thousand surgeries in the past 32 years. This book is one of the art of Ghanashyam Vaidya.

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2021-07-09T15:12:00.009-07:00

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Salient features of the book:

KD Tripathi The Essentials of Pharmacology book is the best book for Pharmacology during MBBS. It is more knowledgeable and helpful for Pg medical entrance examinations.

The latest edition of this book conditions Drug classification, which is very much useful for preparations. It is easy to read and the concepts are well explained.

Section 1 General Pharmacological Principles

1. Introduction, Routes of Drug Administration

2. Pharmacokinetics: Membrane Transport, Absorption and Distribution of Drugs

3. Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion of Drugs, Kinetics of Elimination

4. Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of Drug Action; Receptor Pharmacology

5. Aspects of Pharmacotherapy, Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Development

6. Adverse Drug Effects

Section 2 Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System: General Considerations

7. Cholinergic Transmission and Cholinergic Drugs

8. Anticholinergic Drugs and Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia

9. Adrenergic Transmission and Adrenergic Drugs

10. Antiadrenergic Drugs (Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists) and Drugs for Glaucoma

Section 3 Autacoids and Related Drugs

11. Histamine and Antihistaminics

12. 5-Hydroxytryptamine, its Antagonists and Drug Therapy of Migraine

13. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes (Eicosanoids) and Platelet Activating Factor

14. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Antipyretic-Analgesics

15. Antirheumatoid and Antigout Drugs

Section 4 Respiratory System Drugs

16. Drugs for Cough and Bronchial Asthma

Section 5 Hormones and Related Drugs

Introduction

17. Anterior Pituitary Hormones

18. Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Inhibitors

19. Insulin, Oral Antidiabetic Drugs and Glucagon

20. Corticosteroids

21. Androgens and Related Drugs, Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction

22. Estrogens, Progestins and Contraceptives

23. Oxytocin and Other Drugs Acting on Uterus

24. Hormones and Drugs Affecting Calcium Balance

Section 6 Drugs Acting on Peripheral (Somatic) Nervous System

25. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

26. Local Anaesthetics

Section 7 Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

27. General Anaesthetics

28. Ethyl and Methyl Alcohols

29. Sedative-Hypnotics

30. Antiepileptic Drugs

31. Antiparkinsonian Drugs

32. Drugs Used in Mental Illness: Antipsychotic and Antimanic Drugs

33. Drugs Used in Mental Illness: Antidepressant and Antianxiety Drugs

34. Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists

35. CNS Stimulants and Cognition Enhancers

Section 8 Cardiovascular Drugs

Cardiac Electrophysiological Considerations

36. Drugs Affecting Renin-Angiotensin System

37. Nitric Oxide and Vasoactive Peptide Signal Molecules

58. Antifungal Drugs

59. Antiviral Drugs (Non-retroviral)

60. Antiviral Drugs (Anti-retrovirus)

61. Antimalarial Drugs

62. Antiamoebic and Other Antiprotozoal Drugs

63. Anthelmintic Drugs

Section 13

Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases

64. Anticancer Drugs

Section 14

Miscellaneous Drugs

65. Immunosuppressant Drugs

66. Drugs Acting on Skin and Mucous Membranes

67. Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Ectoparasiticides

68. Chelating Agents

69. Vitamins

70. Vaccines, Antisera and Immuneglobulins

71. Drug Interactions

Appendices

Appendix 1: Solution to Problem Directed Study

Appendix 2: Prescribing in Pregnancy

Appendix 3: Drugs in Breastfeeding

Appendix 4: Drugs and Fixed Dose Combinations Banned in India

Selected References for Further Reading

Index

About the Author :

KD Tripathi MD Ex,Director,Professor & Head of Pharmacology,Maulana Azad Medical College and associated LN and GB Pant Hospitals, New Delhi, India

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Cataract - Causes, types, Pathogenesis and treatment

2021-01-05T10:14:00.009-08:00

What is Cataract?

The word ‘cataract’ dates from the Middle Ages and has been derived from the Greek word ‘katarraktes’ which means ‘waterfall’. This term was coined assuming that an ‘abnormal humour’ developed and flowed in front of the lens to decrease the vision.

As of today, the term cataract refers to development of any opacity in the lens or its capsule. Cataract, thus may occur, either due to formation of opaque lens fibres (congenital and developmental cataracts) or due to degenerative process leading to opacification of the normally formed transparent lens fibres (acquired cataract).

Clinically, the term cataract refers to an opacification of sufficient severity to impair the vision (Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia).

In simple words Cataract is the opacity in the lens and it's capsule.

Pathogenesis of Cataract:

It is basically different in nuclear and cortical senile cataracts.

1. Cortical senile cataract:

Its main biochemical features are decreased levels in the crystalline lens of total proteins, amino acids and potassium associated with increased concentration of sodium and marked hydration of the lens, followed by coagulation of lens proteins. The probable course of events leading to senile opacification of cortex.

2. Nuclear senile cataract:

In this the usual degenerative changes are intensification of the age-related nuclear sclerosis associated with dehydration and compaction of the nucleus resulting in a hard cataract. It is accompanied by a significant increase in water insoluble proteins. However, the total protein content and distribution of cations remain normal. There may or may not be associated deposition of pigment urochrome and/or melanin derived from amino acids in the lens.

Classification:

A. Etiological classification

I. Congenital and developmental cataract

II. Acquired cataract

1. Senile cataract

2. Traumatic cataract (see page 429)

3. Complicated cataract

4. Metabolic cataract

5. Electric cataract

6. Radiational cataract

7. Toxic cataract e.g.,

i. Corticosteroid-induced cataract

ii. Miotics-induced cataract

iii. Copper (in chalcosis) and iron (in siderosis)

induced cataract

8. Dermatogenic cataract

9. Cataract associated with osseous diseases

10. Cataract with miscellaneous syndromes e.g.,

i. Dystrophica myotonica

ii. Down’s syndrome

iii.Lowe’s syndrome

iv. Treacher-Collin’s syndrome.

Morphological classification:

1. Capsular cataract. It involves the capsule and may be,

i. Anterior capsular cataract

ii. Posterior capsular cataract

2. Subcapsular cataract. It involves the superficial most part of the cortex (just below the capsule) and includes:

i. Anterior subcapsular cataract

ii. Posterior subcapsular cataract

3. Cortical cataract. It involves the major part of the cortex.

4. Supranuclear cataract. It involves only the deeper parts of cortex (just outside the nucleus).

5. Nuclear cataract. It involves the nucleus of the crystalline lens.

6. Polar cataract. It involves the capsule and superficial part of the cortex in the polar region only and may be:

i. Anterior polar cataract

ii. Posterior polar cataract

Management of Cataract:

Treatment of cataract essentially consists of its surgical removal. However, certain nonsurgical measures may be of help, in peculiar circumstances, till surgery is taken up.

A. Non - surgical measures:

1. Treatment of cause of cataract.In acquired cataracts, thorough search should be made to find out the cause of cataract. Treatment of the causative disease, many a time, may stop progression and sometimes in

early stages may cause even regression of cataractous changes and thus defer the surgical treatment. Some common examples include:

• Adequate control of diabetes mellitus, when discovered.

• Removal of cataractogenic drugs such as corticosteroids, phenothiazenes and strong miotics, may delay or prevent cataractogenesis.

• Removal of irradiation (infrared or X-rays) may also delay or prevent cataract formation.

• Early and adequate treatment of ocular diseases like uveitis may prevent occurrence of complicated cataract.

2. Measures to delay progression include:

• Topical preparations containing iodide salts of calcium and potassium are being prescribed in abundance in early stages of cataract (especially in senile cataract) in a bid to delay its progression.

• However, till date no conclusive results about their role are available.

• Role of vitamin E and aspirin in delaying the process of cataractogenesis is also mentioned.

3.Measures to improve vision in the presence of incipient and immature cataract may be of great solace to the patient. These include:

• Prescription of glasses refractive status, which often changes with considerable rapidity in patients with cataract, should be corrected at frequent intervals.

• Arrangement of illumination. Patients with peripheral opacities (pupillary area still free), may be instructed to use brilliant illumination.

• Conversely, in the presence of central opacities, a dull light placed beside and slightly behind the patient’s head will give the best result.

• Use of dark goggles in patients with central opacities is of great value and comfort when worn outdoors.

• Mydriatics. Patients with a small axial cataract, frequently may benefit from papillary dilatation.

This allows the clear paraxial lens to participate in light transmission, image formation and focussing.

Mydriatics such as 5% phenylephrine or 1% tropicamide; 1 drop b.i.d. in the affected eye may clarify vision.

B. Surgical management:

I. Intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE)

In this technique, the entire cataractous lens along with the intact capsule is removed. Therefore, weak and degenerated zonules are a pre-requisite for this method.

Indications. ICCE has stood the test of time and had been widely employed for about 100 years over the world (1880-1980). Now (for the last 35 years) it has been almost entirely replaced by planned extracapsular techniques.

At present the only indication ofICCE is markedly subluxated and dislocated lens.

II. Extracapsular cataract extraction techniques

In these techniques, major portion of anterior capsule with epithelium, nucleus and cortex are removed; leaving behind the intact posterior capsule.

Indications: Presently, extracapsular cataract extraction techniques are the surgery of choice for almost all types of adulthood as well as childhood cataracts unless contraindicated. Contraindications: The only absolute contraindication for ECCE is markedly subluxated or dislocated lens.

Advantages of ECCE techniques over ICCE include:

1. ECCE is a universal operation and can be performed at all ages, except when zonules are not intact; whereas ICCE cannot be performed below 40 years of age.

2. Posterior chamber IOL can be implanted after ECCE, while it cannot be implanted after ICCE.

3. Postoperative vitreous related problems (such as herniation in anterior chamber, pupillary block and vitreous touch syndrome) associated with ICCE are not seen after ECCE.

4. Incidence of postoperative complications such as endophthalmitis, cystoid macular oedema and retinal detachment are much less after ECCE as compared to that after ICCE.

5. Postoperative astigmatism is less with ECCE techniques, as the incision is smaller.

6. Prognosis for subsequent glaucoma filtering or corneal transplantation (if required) is much improved with ECCE.

7. Incidence of secondary rubeosis in diabetics is reduced after ECCE.

Different techniques of extracapsular cataract extraction

The surgical techniques of ECCE presently in vogue are:

• Conventional extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE),

• Manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS),

• Phacoemulsification.

Dekal Forensic Medicine Exam preparatory manual for undergraduates - direct link

2020-12-16T00:03:00.006-08:00

About the Author:

V Dekal MD PGDMLE PhD (Criminology) Associate Professor Saveetha Medical College Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Contents of the book:

Section 1: Medical Jurisprudence

Chapter 1 Introduction and Scope of Forensic Medicine

Chapter 2 The Indian Legal System

Chapter 3 Medical Ethics and the Law

Chapter 4 Medical Negligence

Section II: Personal Identity

Chapter 5 Identification

Section III: Forensic Pathology

Chapter 6 Medicolegal Autopsy

Chapter 7 Thanatology (Study of Death)

Chapter 8 Postmortem Changes

Chapter 9 Violent Asphyxial Deaths

Chapter 10 Death due to Starvation

Section IV: Forensic Traumatology

Chapter 11 Injuries and their Medicolegal Considerations

Chapter 12 Regional Injuries

Chapter 13 Forensic Ballistics

Chapter 14 Thermal Injuries

Chapter 15 Electrical and Lightning Injuries

Section V: Sexual Jurisprudence

Chapter 16 Virginity

Chapter 17 Impotence, Sterility and Artificial Insemination

Chapter 18 Pregnancy and Delivery

Chapter 19 Abortion and MTP Act 1971

Chapter 20 Infant Deaths

Chapter 21 Sexual Offences and Paraphilias

Section VI: Forensic Psychiatry

Chapter 22 Psychiatry and the Mental Health Act 1987

Section VII: Medical Toxicology

Chapter 23 General Considerations

Chapter 24 Agricultural Poisons

Chapter 25 Corrosive Poisons

Chapter 26 Metallic and Inorganic Irritants

Chapter 27 Organic Irritant Poisons

Chapter 28 Neurotoxic Poisons

Chapter 29 Cardiac Poisons

Chapter 30 Asphyxiants

Chapter 31 Miscellaneous Poisons

Section VIII: Practical

Exercise 1 Age Estimation by Dentition

Exercise 2 Age Estimation by Radiology

Exercise 3 Skeletal Remains

Exercise 4 Wound Certificate

Exercise 5 Drunkenness Certificate

Exercise 6 Sexual Offence Certification-Victim

Exercise 7 Examination of the Accused of Sexual Offence

Exercise 8 Fetal Examination

Exercise 9 Leave and Fitness Certificate

Exercise 10 Death Certificate

Exercise 11 Postmortem Certificate

Exercise 12 Spotters

Index

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Dekal Forensic Medicine Exam preparatory manual for undergraduates - direct link -click here

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2nd year medical books pdf free download

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2nd year medical books pdf free download - direct download

2020-12-07T03:50:00.014-08:00

Second year mbbs is an important period for medical students, as this year consists of four subjects, which are the basics of clinical medicine. It consists of Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine. These four subjects are vast and highly volatile, especially Pharmacology.

Every student needs an good book,as a companion for studies. Reading the standard textbooks are mostly recommend by the professors. But,many books are available in the market,based on your capacity, choose the right book and stick to it.

Third year mbbs is called the ‘honeymoon period',most of the students are relaxed and enjoy their college life. Reading at the last, makes, second year tough. Subjects like Pharmacology needs to be studied daily, inorder to reproduce and rememberance.

1) Pathology:

Pathology is a vast subject, studying it in later second year leads to difficult in completing the subject. It is more useful during studying medicine in final year. Robbin's and Cotron Pathology book is considered as standard textbook for Pathology. Harsha Mohan textbook of Pathology is also preferred by many students. To download these books click the link below,

Robbin's and Cotron pathologic basis of disease pdf free download - direct link

Harsh Mohan textbook of Pathology free pdf download - direct link

2) Microbiology:

Microbiology is a interesting subject, which can be correlated with our daily life. It consists of General microbiology, Immunology,Bacteriology, Virology, Parasitology and Mycology. One must understand the basic concepts of microbiology before studying the Virology, Parasitology, Bacteriology and Mycology for better understanding. Many students prefer Ananthanarayan and Paniker's textbook of Microbiology. This book highly informative and detailed. It also comes with MCQs booklet. Another book is the, CP Baveja textbook of Microbiology.

Ananthanarayan and Paniker's textbook of Microbiology pdf free download - direct link

CP Baveja textbook of Microbiology free pdf download - direct link

Apurba Sastry Microbiology book pdf free download - direct link

Paniker's textbook of parasitology pdf free download - direct link

3) Pharmacology:

Making mnemonics and flash cards can helps to remember the pharmaceutical drugs. Understanding the general pharmacology concepts is helpful in studying systemic pharmacology. KD Tripathi and Shanbag pharmacology are some textbooks of pharmacology. Download the books below,

KD Tripathi essentials of medical pharmacology pdf free download - direct link

KD Tripathi Drug classification book pdf download - direct link

Tara V Shanbag Pharmacology free pdf download - direct link

4) Forensic Medicine:

Forensic medicine is a very interesting subject. It is very important for doctors in legal aspects. This subject is based on the legal aspects of medicine. Narayan Reddy forensic medicine textbook is considered as the standard book for forensic medicine. Exam preparatory manual of forensic medicine Dekkal is also preferred by many students.

Narayan Reddy forensic medicine textbook free pdf download - direct link

Dekal Exam preparatory manual for forensic medicine and toxicology - direct link

Choice of the books:

Choosing a right book is very important. It should be with simple language, contains diagrams and flowcharts and easily understandable. Buy the latest edition of the book. Books commonly used by students are,

Pathology - Robbins and Harsh Mohan

Microbiology - CP Baveja & Paniker

Pharmacology - KD Tripathi & Tara shanbag

Forensic medicine- Narayan Reddy & Dekal.

3rd year MBBS books free download

For more informations, please visit MEDICOFEEDS

Vivek Jain exam prepatory manual of Community medicine - Direct link

2020-11-30T01:34:00.020-08:00

Vivek jain exam preparatory manual of community medicine - download ⬇️⬇️

Understanding community medicine is difficult,but it becomes easy and enjoyable with the help of a good teacher and good book. Because of its vastness many students consider PSM as a difficult subject. Actually,it is true PSM is huge and volatile subject and it requires frequent study and revisions.

Scientists had given importance only to communicable diseases till 20th century. After that,it realized the importance of disease causation factors. For a disease to occur, mearly an causative factor is not enough. This concept leads to the rapid development of social and preventive medicine.

Cholera is called the ‘father of public health' which paved the way for epidemiological studies and concepts. Preventive medicine gained firm foundation after the discovery of causative agent and the germ theory of disease.

Occurance of new diseases with pandemics (influenza,swine flu) and increased prevelance to non communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes etc., leads to the importance of prevention and social medicine in recent years. It's primary objective is preventing the disease and promotion of health.

This book, Exam preparatory manual of community medicine by Vivek Jain is concise with highly informative for students. This book is written in a simple language for better understanding. Exam preparatory manual by Vivek Jain is extremely useful during exams for rapid revision and reproduce.

It is also useful for post graduate medical exam preparations and other competitive exams. If you doesn't have enough time, you can use this book for passing exams. It is loaded with key points and important concepts.

Salient features of the book:

- New or updated guidelines like new RNTCP guidelines,new biomedical waste management guidelines,new rabies vaccine guidelines by WHO, new MDT guidelines,Kala star,diarrhoea and Diptheria treatment guidelines and new goal in HDI calculation,new H1N1 categorisation, new international death certificate guidelines, new AFG surveillance indicators, new BFHI guidelines,new revised John's criteria, new open vial,Pn visits, ARI and BP classification guidelines.

- New health programmes, policies and legislations like Swacch Bharath mission, Ayushman Bharat program, Anemia Mukt Bharat program, National nutrition mission and NMC bill.

- New initiatives in elimination of lymphatics filariasis, family planning, National strategic plans for malaria control in India (NVBDCP), nutritional rehabilitation center, MR camping, Intensified mission Indradhanush,new strategic plans for HIV/AIDS, Mission Parivar Vikas (mpv).

- New topics like, adjuvants in vaccine, tribal health in India, global hunger index, contraception and adolescence, multidimensional poverty index (MDPI), lifestyle modification to control hypertension,TB and newer contraceptives, Rotavirus vaccines.

- New cancer data, NHP and SDGs.

- Rural health strategies in India.

- New updated complications in public health.

- Tricky complicated short notes in recent processional examinations.

- New clinical case pictures.

Editions:

First edition of this book was published during 2015. Latest edition of the book is third edition released in 2019.

Contents of the book:

Book cover

Acknowledgments

Preface to third edition

Preface to second edition

Section 1: Annexures

1A) Kuppusamy scale for socioeconomic status ( urban families)

2B) Modified BG prasad scale for socioeconomic status ( rural/urban families)

3) Consumption unit

4) Calorific values of food items

5) key age group definitions

6) Biomedical waste management guidelines

7) Public health statistics in India

Section 2: Theory examinations

8) Historical aspects of public health

9) Concepts of health, diseases and prevention

10) Vaccines, immunisation and cold chain.

11) Concepts in screening of disease

12) Basic concepts in epidemiology

13) General Epidemiology of infectious diseases

14) Epidemiology of communicable diseases

15) Epidemiology of non communicable diseases

16) National health programmes, policies and legislations

17) Demography and population dynamics

18) Family planning and contraception

19) Preventive obstetrics and pediatrics

20) Nutrition and health

21) Environment and health

22) Social science and health

23) Health education and communications

24) Health care in India, Health planning and management.

25) Allied disciplines in public health

26) International health

27) Biostatistics

28) Other public health related topics

Section 3: Practical examinations

29) Epidemiological, Demography and statistical exercises

30) Sports exercise

31) Family presentation

32) clinical social long case and shot case presentation

33) Visits to institute/organisations of public health importance

34) Tricky shot notes in previous year examinations

Colour plates for spots exercise

Index.

About the Author:

Dr. Vivek Jain MBBS ( Maulana Azad Medical college) MD community medicine ( Lady Harding medical college,New Delhi)

Dr.Vivek jain was former senior resident in VMMC,SJH, GTBH and UCMS New Delhi. Faculty in GFIMSR, Haryana. Consult in United Nations office on drugs and crime, south asia.

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Vivek jain exam preparatory manual of community medicine pdf ⬇️⬇️

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Vivek Jain (review) community medicine pdf free download - direct link

General Practice by Ghanashyam Vaidya book pdf free download - direct link

Other books,

AK Khurana textbook of Ophthalmology book pdf free download - direct link

Dhingra ENT book pdf free download - direct link

Parson's Diseases of the eye book pdf free download (latest edition) - Direct link

2020-11-28T21:04:00.015-08:00

Download Parsons diseases of the eye ⬇️⬇️

The book ‘Parsons diseases of the eye' is considered as a standard textbook for ophthalmology. It is loaded with surgical techniques and latest advancements in opthalmology.

It is very useful for students during undergraduate, postgraduate and other competitive exams. It is also contains many clinical pictures, X - ray photographs and diagrams for better understanding of the subject.

In latest editions, comparative tabular columns and flowcharts are added. Parsons diseases of the eye book also has details about ophthalmic instruments and their practical usage. Chapter outline and its learning objectives are provided in the starting of every chapter.

The first edition of ‘Parsons diseases of the eye' book was published in 1907. Till now,it is considered as one of the best book for ophthalmology. The latest edition of this book is 23rd edition published in 2020.

The 23rd edition is updated with changes in disease causation, practical contents and recent advances.

Contents of the book:

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Preface to the 23rd edition

Preface to the 22nd edition

Acknowledgments

Reviewers

Section 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the eye and Visual pathway

- Anatomy of eye

- Physiology of eye

- Physiology of vision

- Neurology of vision

Section 2: Optics and refraction

- Elementary optics

- Refractive errors

Section 3: Clinical case examination and its treatment

- History taking and interpretation of symptoms of a disease

- clinical examination

- clinical investigation

- Ocular therapeutics and lasers

Section 4: Diseases of the eye

- Diseases of Conjunctiva

- Diseases of cornea

- Diseases of sclera

- Diseases of uveal tract

- Diseases of lens

- Glucoma

- Diseases of retina and Vitreous

- Diseases of optic nerve

- Intraocular tumours

Section 5: Eye movements and their disorders

- Anatomy and Physiology of the motor mechanism of the eye

- Squint

- Paralytic squint

Section 6: Diseases of Adnexa

- Diseases of eyelids

- Diseases of lacrimal apparatus

- Diseases of orbit

Section 7: Systemic Ophthalmology

- Diseases of nervous system with ocular manifestations

- Ocular manifestations of systemic disorders

Section 8: Ophthalmic injuries

- Eye injuries

- Nontraumatic eye emergencies

Section 9: Preventive Ophthalmology

- Genetics in ophthalmology

- Community ophthalmology

Section 10: Ophthalmic instruments and their usage:

- Dark room procedures

- Surgical instruments

Appendix 1: local anaesthesia in ophthalmology

Appendix 2: Radiology illustrations

Appendix 3: Case studies

Index

Editors:

Ranjit Digits,MD,DipNB,FRCOphth,FRCSEd

Radhika Tandon,MD,DipNB, FRCOphth,FRCSEd(gold medalist)

Reviewers:

Abadan Khan Amitava, MBBS,MS

B Zaibunissa, MBBS,DO,MS

Bhavana Sharma, MBBS,MS

Sunita Sethu, MBBS,MS

Yogesh Gupta, MBBS,MS

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Other useful books,

CP Baveja microbiology book free pdf download - direct link

Park's textbook of Preventive and social medicine book pdf free download - direct link

What is Cataract? causes, etiology pathophysiology

2020-11-27T23:15:00.003-08:00

Anatomy of lens:

The human eye contains a biconvex, transparent, crystalline structure called the lens, which is placed in-between iris and vitreous in the pattelar fossa. It plays an important role in the visual acuity.

It's refractive index is about 1.39 and total dioptric power is 18D. It's posterior surface is more convex than anterior & these surfaces meet at equator.

Structures of lens:

1) Lens capsule

- anterior lens capsule

- posterior lens capsule

2) Anterior epithelium

It is made of cuboidal epithelium. There is no posterior epithelium.

3) Lens fibres

These are the elongated epithelial cells.

4) Nucleus

It is the central part and it contains different zones, which corresponds to developmental periods.

a. Embryonic nucleus - 3 mth gestation

b. Fetal nucleus - 3mth gestation to till birth

c. Infantile nucleus - birth to puberty

d. Adult nucleus - after puberty.

5) Cortex

It is the peripheral part of nucleus consists of newly formed fibres.

Physiology of lens:

It is a transparent structure and it is important in focussing mechanism. It's physiological aspects include,

- lens transparency

- Metabolic activities of the lens

- Accomodation

Cataract:

Cataract means opacity in the lens (cataract-waterfalls). It is the most common condition affecting the vision.

Classification of cataract:

A) Based on etiology:

- Congenital & developmental cataract

- Acquired cataract

B) Based on morphology:

- Capsular (anterior & posterior)

- Subcapsular cataract (anterior & posterior)

- Cortical

- Supranuclear

- Nuclear

- Polar

Congenital & developmental cataracts:

It occurs due disturbance in the normal development of lens. In Congenital type cataract is limited to embryonic of foetal nucleus. Developmental cataract is limited to infantile or adult nucleus.

Etiology:

- Idiopathic

- Hereditary

- Maternal causes, malnutrition, infections,drugs ingestion, radiation.

- Foetal causes, anoxia, trauma, metabolic disorders, malnutrition.

Clinical Types:

1) Congenital capsular cataract

Rare condition and it occurs due to hyaloid artery remnants. It has anterior and posterior types.

2) Polar cataract

It occurs due to corneal perforation and delayed growth of anterior chamber. It occurs in center part of anterior capsule. It is also divided into anterior and posterior types.

3) Congenital nuclear cataract

- Cataracts pulverulenta

It is a bilateral condition occuring due to disturbance in lens development in very early stages. It appears exactly in the centre of lens.

- lamellar

It is also called zonular cataract, where the opacity presents as discrete zones in the lens. It occurs due to Vit D deficiency, hypocalcemia and maternal rubella. It occurs in the zone of foetal nucleus surrounding the embryonic nucleus.

- sutural and axial

It consists of punctata opacities scattered around the Y sutures.

- total nuclear

It is characterized by bilateral chalky white dense opacity causes impairment of vision.It is non progressive.

4) Generalized cataract

- coronary

It is the most common form of developmental cataract occurs in puberty. It involves adult nucleus or deeper layer of cortex. The opacities are scattered and encircling the central axis. It does not affect vision until late stages.

- blue dot

It occurs in early two decades of life. It is also called cataracta punctata caerulea. It consists of punctata opacities as bluish dots in adult nucleus. It also doesn't affect vision when the opacity is small.

- total congenital

It occurs due to hereditary or maternal rubella.

Rubella cataract:

Maternal rubella infection during first trimester causes rubella cataract.

lens remains soft or even liquify. Cataractous nucleus may harbours the virus for two years.

- congenital membraneous cataract

There may be total or partial absorption of cataract leaving thin membraneous cataract. It is found in Hallermann Streiff Francois syndrome.

Dhingra ENT book pdf free download- Direct link

2020-11-24T21:30:00.017-08:00

Download PL Dhingra ENT book, click ⬇️⬇️

ENT is a major subject in the third year MBBS,which deals with ear,nose and throat. The best book for ENT during undergraduate MBBS students is PL Dhingra ENT book. It is a popular textbook for ENT among students. It is also useful for students preparing for various entrance examinations like NEET PG,INICET and other exams for postgraduate or diploma cources.

The first edition of this book was published in the year 1992. The latest edition ( seventh edition) was published in 2019. This book also has free online resources, you can scan the codes provide in the book for online lectures or videos.

Hallmark of the book:

- all chapters are reviced, updated and expanded.

- New chapters on acute rhinosinisitis and chronic rhinosinisitis.

- Radiotherapy

- Coblation

- e lectures on important chapters

- Animations and videos

- Newly added CT scan images.

Salient features of the book:

- Clinically oriented text with problem solving approach

- Simple language, concise but comprehensive coverage of the subject, supported by neat explanatory diagrams, flowcharts and images.

- Nuggets for review to solve many mcq's.

- Mnemonics for recall and reproduce the subject.

- Clinical case photos, diagrams and flowcharts are added.

Contents of the book:

Dedication

Preface

Acknowledgments

Section 1: Diseases of ear

1) Anatomy of ear

2) Physiology of auditory and vestibular system & peripheral receptors.

3) Audiology and acoustics

4) Assessment of hearing

5) Hearing loss

6) Accessment of vestibular system

7) Disorders of vestibular system

8) Diseases of external ear

9) Eustachian tube and it's disorders

10) Diseases of middle ear

11) Cholesteatomas and chronic otitis media

12) Complications of suppurative otitis media

13) Otosclerosis

14) Facial nerve and it's Disorders

15) Meniere's disease

16) Tumours of external ear

17) Tumours of middle ear and mastoid

18) Acoustic neuroma

19) The deaf child

20) Rehabilitation of the hearing impaired

21) Otalgia

22) Tinnitus

Section 2: Disorders of Nose and paranasal sinusus

23) Anatomy of nose

24) Physiology of nose

25) Disorders of external nose and nasal vestibule

26) Nasal septum and its Disorders

27) Acute and chronic rhinitis

28) Granulomatous diseases of nose

29) Miscellaneous Disorders of nasal cavity

30) Allergic rhinitis

31) Vasomotor and forms of nonallergic rhinitis

32)Nasal polyps

33) Epistaxis

34) Trauma to the face

35) Anatomy and Physiology of paranasal sinusus

36) Acute rhinosinisitis

37) chronic rhinosinisitis

38) complications of sinusitis

39) benign and malignant neoplasms

40) neoplasms of paranasal sinusus

41) Proptosis

Section 3: Disorders of oral cavity and salivary glands

42) Anatomy of oral cavity

43) common Disorders of oral cavity

44) tumours of oral cavity

45) non neoplastic Disorders of salivary glands

46) neoplasms of salivary glands

Section 4: Diseases of pharynx

47) Anatomy and Physiology of pharynx

48) Adenoids and other informations of pharanyx

49) Tumours of nasopharynx

50) Acute and chronic pharyngitis

51) Acute and chronic tonsillitis

52) Head and neck space infections

53) tumours of oropharynx

54) Tumours of hypopharynx and pharyngeal pouch

55) snoring and sleep apnoea

Section 5 : Disorders of larnyx and trachea

56) Anatomy and Physiology of larynx

57) Laryngotracheal trauma

58) Acute and chronic inflammation of larynx

59) Congenital lesions of larynx and stridor

60) Laryngeal paralysis

61) Benign tumours of larynx

62) Cancer larynx

63) Voice and speech disorders

64) Tracheostomy and other procedures for airway management

65) foreign bodies of air passage

Section 6: Thyroid gland and it's disorders

66) Thyroid gland Disorders

Section 7: Diseases of oesophagus

67) Anatomy and Physiology of oesophagus

68) Disorders of oesophagus

69) Dysphagia

70) foreign bodies of food passage

Section 8: Recent advancement

71) laser surgery,radiofreqency surgery, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and Coblation

72) cryosurgery

73) Radiotherapy in head and cancers

74) chemotherapy for head and neck cancer

75) HIV infections/AIDS and ENT manifestations

Section 9: Clinical methods in ENT and Neck masses

76) clinical methods in ENT

77) Neck masses

Section 10: Operative surgery

78) Myringotomy

79) Ear surgery and approaches

80) Cortical mastoidectomy

81) Radial mastoidectomy

82) Modified radical mastoidectomy

83) Miringoplasty

84) proof puncture

85) Intranasal inferior meatal antrostomy

86) Caldwell Luc operations

87) Submucous resection of nasal septum

88) Septoplasty

89) Diagnostic nasal endoscopy

90) Endoscopic sinus surgery

91) Direct laryngoscopy

92) Bronchoscopy

93) Oesophagoscopy

94) Tonsillectomy

95) Adenoidectomy

96) Some imaging techniques

Appendices

1) Nuggets

2) Instruments

Index

About the Authors:

PL Dhingra, consultant of Otolaryngology at Indraprastha Apollo hospital,New Delhi. Former director and head of otolaryngology department in Maulana Azad Medical college. He published several papers to his credit published in national and international journals. He is also the author of manual of clinical cases in ENT.

Shruti Dhingra, head of otolaryngology at ESIC medical college, Faridabad. She published various articles in national and international journals. She is co-author of manual of clinical cases in ENT.

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Park's community medicine (PSM) pdf free download- Direct link

2020-11-22T21:30:00.021-08:00

Download Park's PSM pdf - direct link ⬇️

Preventive and social medicine (PSM) is a major subject in third year MBBS. The standard textbook for community medicine during third year MBBS is Park's textbook of Preventive and social medicine.

Park's PSM book is loaded with concepts and knowledge. Most of the students prefer park's textbook for many entrance examinations.

The first edition of this book was released in July 1970. Now, the latest edition (25th edition) was released in 2019 and this edition is ‘the silver jubilee edition'.

Contents of the book

Chapters

1) Man and medicine, health fowr all

2) Concept of health and diseases

3) Principles of epidemiology and epidemiologic methods

- aims of epidemiology

- epidemiological approach

- measurement of mortality

- rates and ratios

- measurement of morbidity

- epidemiological methods

- descriptive epidemiology

- analytical epidemiology

- experimental epidemiology

- association and causation

- uses of epidemiology

- infectious diseases epidemiology

- disease transmission

- Immunity

- Immunizing agents

- disease prevention and control

- disinfection

- investigation of an epidemic

4) Screening for disease

- Concept of screening

- uses of screening

- criteria for screening

- sensitivity and specificity

- problems of the borderline

5) Epidemiology of communicable diseases

a) Respiratory infections

- smallpox

- chicken pox

- Measles

- Mumps

- Influenza

- Diptheria

- Whooping cough

- Meningococcal meningitis

- Acute respiratory infections

- SARS

- Tuberculosis

b) Intestinal infections

- Poliomyelitis

- Viral hepatitis

- Acute diarrhoeal diseases

- cholera

- typhoid fever

- food poisoning

- amoebiasis

- ascariasis

- hookworm infections

- dracunculiasis

c) Arthropod borne infections

- Dengue fever

- Malaria

- Lymphatic filariasis

- Zika Virus disease

d) Zoonoses

Viral

- Rabies

- Yellow fever

- Nipah virus infections

- Japanese encephalitis

- KFD

Rickettsia diseases

- Rickettsia Zoonoses

- scrub typhus

- murine typhus

- tick typhus

- Q fever

Bacteria

- chickunguniya fever

- brucellosis

- leptospirosis

- plague

- human salmonellosis

Parasitic zoonoses

- taeniais

- hadatid disease

- leishmaniasis

e) Surface infections

- trachoma

- tetanus

- leprosy

- STD

- yaws

- AIDS

f) Emerging and re-emerging diseases

g) Hospital acquired infections

6) Epidemiology of non communicable diseases

- cardiovascular diseases

- coronary heart diseases

- hypertension

- stroke

- rheumatic heat disease

- cancer

- diabetes

- obesity

- blindness

- accidents and injuries

7) Health programmes in India

8) Millennium development goals to sustainable development goals

9) Family planning and demography

10) preventive medicine in obstetrics, pediatrics and geriatrics

11) Nutrition and health

12) Medicine and social medicine

13) Tribal health in India

14) Environment and health

15) Hospital waste management

16) Disaster management

17) Occupational health

18) Genetics and health

19) Mental health

20) Health information and basic medical statistics

21) Communication for health education

22) Health planning and management

23) Health care of the community

24) International health

Abbreviations

Index

About the Author:

K Park MBBS,MS