<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683</id><updated>2026-04-01T04:20:02.883-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Medissante</title><subtitle type='html'>Unindo a medicina ao interessante !</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>58</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-71233923550774264</id><published>2014-10-12T17:39:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2014-10-12T17:39:22.945-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Aneurisma de aorta</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A aorta é a maior artéria do
corpo. É uma artéria elástica composta por 3 camadas: íntima, média e
adventícia. &amp;nbsp;As metaloprottínases fazem
parte de sua estrutura abdominal, estando localizadas na camada media dessa. Ela
se inicia no ventrículo esquerdo, sendo as artérias coronárias seus primeiros
ramos.&amp;nbsp; Divide-se e, aorta ascendente,
arco aórtico e aorta descendente. Em seu trajeto apresenta orientação oblíqua,
em direção cranial e para a esquerda da linha mediana em uma extensão de 5 cm
aproximadamente (ascendente). Em seguida apresenta flexão em forma de cajado
(arco aórtico), mudando a posição posteriormente e para a esquerda, assumindo
então trajeto vertical (aorta descendente). É dividida em 2 porçoes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;AORTA TORÁCICA: composto pela raiz da aorta,
parte ascendente, arco e parte descendente&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;AORTA ABDOMINAL&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Classificação da doenças da aorta&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As doenças da
aorta são classificadas em:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aneurismas verdadeiros (todas as 3 camadas
dilatadas) : que pode ser abdominais e torácicos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dissecções aórticas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aortoarterites;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Trauma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: artéria
de adamkewicz : ramo da aorta torácica que irriga toda medula e que se for
lesado pode levar o a paciente a paraplegia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Exames para aorta&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Os exames
utilizados para a avaliação da aorta são: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Raio X: permite visualizar calcificações,
acompanhar stents, e relações ósseas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;US: método de scream mas não de diagnóstico
final;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ecocardiograma – transtorácica e transesofágica
: permite avalição da aorta torácica;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tomografia computadorizada : permite avaliar a
parede da aorta e patologias da aorta (é o exame de eleição para avaliação
aórtica);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aortografia: é um exame invasivo que permite
avaliar o lúmen da aorta. É utilizado quando há duvida na angio TC ou para
planejar a cirurgia;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ressonância nuclear magnética: permite avaliar a
anatomia da aorta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Aneurismas de aorta&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Define-se
aneurisma como sendo uma dilatação localizada ou difusa que aumenta 1,5 vezes o
diâmetro esperado para aquele segmento. Pode ser classificado de acordo com sua
a etiologia (degenerativo, inflamatório, mecânico, congênito, dissecante);
forma (sacular –tem maior chance de romper- e fusiforme –acompanha o eixo da
artéria); localização (central, periférico); ou estrutura (verdadeiro ou
falso).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Um
pseudoaneurismo não contem as 3 camadas da artéria, geralmente corresponde a
coleção de sangue coagulado e tecido conectivo. É um hematoma pulsátil, de colo
curto, não contido por todas as camadas da parede arterial, que se encontra
confinado por uma capsula fibrosa. São lesões graves devido a maior chance de
sofrerem ruptura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
dilatação tem inicio a partir de uma fraqueza ou defeito da parede da artéria,
que tende a se dilatar progressivamente. Entre os fatores associados então a
idade avançada, hipertensão arterial, aterosclerose, tabagismo, dissecção
aórtica, síndrome de Marfan e síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;A lesão que determina a formação do aneurismo
se inicia na média, que é a responsável pela resistência da parede arterial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Encontra-se
uma concomitância na localização abdominal e torácica de 28%. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: as principais causas de
ruptura de aneurismas é aumento da força cinsonal causada por hipertensão
crônica, hipertensão de vaso-vasorium e doença de parede.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: o aneurismo influencia tanto
a formação quanto a rotura do aneurisma. Doente renal tem maior chance de
rotura de aneurisma. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Condições que aumentam o stress
da parede podem levar a rotura do aneurisma como: hipertensão, feocromocitoma,
uso de cocaína, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Outras síndromes associadas a
formação de aneurismo: síndrome de Loeys Dietz, de Turner, válvula aórtica
bicúspide, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O tratamento dos aneurismas é:
retirado de stress, controle da dor e da pressão na aorta que pode ser feito
com β-bloqueadores ou nitrofurantoato.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Calssificação da aorta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Aneurismo da aorta abdominal (AAA)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;São os
aneurismas mais frequentemente encontrados na pratica clinica. Afetam mais
homens que mulheres e são mais frequentes que os torácicos. Se iniciam
geralmente a partir de 50 anos. Acredita-se que as metaloproteases são partes
integrantes da formação dos AAAs, pois favorecem a degradação de fibras
elásticas e colágenos o que gera dilatação da parede do vaso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sua
principal etiologia é a doença aterosclerótica e predisposição genética (síndrome
de Marfan, síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos). Portanto, é comum a concomitância com
doença arterial coronariana nesses pacientes (cerca de 30%). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Os
aneurismas da aorta abdominal apresentam uma reação inflamatória a custa de
macrófagos teciduais, o que acaba levando a ativação de poteinases (colagenase
e elastase).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Exame físico: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É
inexpressivo, pois a maioria dos AAA quando diagnosticados são assintomáticos.
Mas é possível reconhecer nesses pacientes estigmas da aterosclerose como os
xantomas, DAP, DM e tabagismo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Deve
ser feita a palpação cuidadosa do abdome. Normalmente a aorta abdominal não é
palpável, por isso a presença de uma massa pulsátil no abdome sugere
aneurisma.a palpação deve ser feita com o paciente deitado, bem relaxado e com
os joelhos fletidos. Na palpação quando o limete superior do AAA é bem
definido, isso aponta para o não envolvimento dos ramos viscerais. Quando esse
não é palpável é provável que os ramos viscerais estejam envolvidos, isso é
chamado de sinal de DEBAKEY. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Alguns
sintomas podem estar presentes pela compressão de órgãos pelo aneurismo, mas
dor não é comum de ser encontrada. Embolização para membros inferiores podem
ocorrer mas são raras (mas comum em aneurismas pequenos).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diagnóstico por imagem&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Os
exames utilizados são:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ultrassonografia: deve ser o primeiro exame a
ser realizado. É um exame barato facilmente acessível que tem alta
sensibilidade, porém baixa especificidade. É prejudicado pela presença de gás.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;TC/angiorressônancia: são exame s de melhor
qualidade, sendo a angiotomagrafia padrão ouro na avaliação dos aneurismos, o
inconveniente dessa técnica é o grande volume de contraste que dever ser
injetado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aortografia: é um método invasivo que necessita
da introdução de um cateter e introdução de contraste. Não permite julgar o
tamanho do AAA, pois os coágulos intrasaculares restringem a imagem á parte
onde o sangue circula, dessa forma subestimando o tamanho desse. É muito
utilizada para avaliação pré-operatória quando outros métodos não foram
suficientes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Historia natural dos Aneurismas de aorta abdominal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os aneurismas possuem uma tendência a
rotura apresentando alta mortalidade. Outras complicações menos frequentes são
a trombose aguda do aneurisma, embolização periférica, corrosão vertebral e
comprometimento dos ureteres.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Vários fatores podem facilitar a ruptura
de um AAA, porém o mais comum é o diâmetro máximo do aneurisma. O objetivo
então do tratamento dos aneurismas é prevenir a sua rotura. O tratamento deve
ser feito antes que ele atinja um diâmetro critico. Dessa forma, tem-se que:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;AAA&amp;lt;4cm tem de 0-2% de chance de rotura em 2
anos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;AAA&amp;gt;5cm tem 22% de chance de rotura em 2
anos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Então tem-se
que esse valor critico seja de 5,5cm. Sendo que abaixo de 5 cm há baixo risco
de rotura e acima de 6 risco considerável.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O ritmo de
expansão como indicativo de ruptura ainda é duvidoso. Outro parâmetro utilizado
é a historia familiar de AAA e a presença de trombo intrasacular (torna a
parede do aneurisma mais fina).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Em relação aos
fatores de riscos não modificáveis tem-se:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;FATORES QUE LEVAM AO
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE AAA: tabagismo, hipercolesterolemia, hipertensão, sexo
masculino.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;FATORES QUE LEVAM A EXPANSÃO DO ANEURISMO: idade
avançada, doença cardíaca, AVC prévio, tabagismo, transplante cardíaco e renal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;FATORES QUE LEVAM A RUPTURA DE
ANEURISMA: sexo feminino, redução do FEV1, grandes aneurismas, PA média
sistêmica elevada, tabagismo, transplante cardíaco e renal e estresse da parede
(hipertensão).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento cirúrgico&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tem baixa
mortalidade quando eletiva, sendo de 2% para pacientes com risco habitual, 19%
na urgência e 50% no caso de aneurisma roto (deve ser tratado rapidamente).
Fica ssim evidente que a mortalidade esta relacionada com as condições gerais
que a cirurgia é realizada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A expectativa
de vida pode ser reduzida por patologia associada e pela idade avançada. A
sobrevida também é maior a longo prazo nos pacientes operados eletivamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;INDICAÇÕES:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Paciente com aneurisma maior que 5 cm,
complicado (ou seja com rotura ou dissecção) e crescimento rápido (cresce mais
que 0,5 cm em 6 meses ou cresce mais que 1cm ao ano) é preferido a realização
do tratamento endovascular;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Segundo o guidline, cirurgia aberta ou
endovascular para reparação de AAAs infrarenal e/ou aneurisma ilíaco
concomitante é indicada em pacientes com boas qualidade cirúrgica. Recomendação
IA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Vigilância periódica por imagem devem ser
realizadas para monitorar o vazamento, confirmando a posição do enxerto,
documentando redução ou estabilidade do saco do aneurisma, e determinando a
necessidade de futuras intervenções em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia
endovascular. Indicação IA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Cirurgia aberta para aneurisma pode ser
realizada em pacientes com bom risco cirúrgico, mas que não podem ter
acompanhamento por imagem periódicos após cirurgia endovascular. Recomendação
II C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Cirurgia endovascular infrarenal para pacientes
com alto risco cirúrgico ou anestésico, determinado pela coexistência de
acometimento cardíaco severo, pulmonar e/ou renal é de eficácia incerta.
Recomendação IIB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Em caso de aneurismas sintomáticos menores que
5,5 cm, o tratamento deve ser realizado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Em aneurismas assintomáticos o tratamento deve
ser feito a partir de 5,5 cm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 53.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: mulheres
tem maior tendência a rotura de aneurismas que os homens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;PRÉ/TRANS/PÓS-OPERATÓRIO:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Parar anticoagulantes orais 7 dias antes da
cirurgia;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Para tienoperidinicas 5 á 7 dias antes da
cirurgia;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Antibióticos devem ser administrado 1h antes da
cirurgia;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hidratação com soro fisiológico e oxigenação
adequada;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Heparina 1000 unidades;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;CIRURGIA ABERTA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pode ser feita
pelo acesso transperitoneal e extraperitoneal. Aberta a cavidade, coloca-se um
afastador autostático e faz-se um inventário da cavidade. Isola-se então o colo
do aneurisma, faz-se o clampeamento supracelíaco e das ilíacas. O aneurisma é
então incisado longitudinalmente, seu conteúdo esvaziado e ligamento das
possíveis arteiras lombares sangrantes. É então colocado uma prótese de dacron
na luz do aneurisma e é feito sutura da anastomose.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 53.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
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 height:135pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image013.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 53.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDjXjuWO6uxyBF4in8Og1ZDWwqzwKXO8cBuBfUJG01oz9QqPS29duBq4fQVBOMK7JG5yNJN8iGgWTkdovyMUJ1_CUOz6HuipqlSedJppNvF5tNDU-wrP0yz-lNVtZ4U0VmpWH6t8OnsQ1G/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDjXjuWO6uxyBF4in8Og1ZDWwqzwKXO8cBuBfUJG01oz9QqPS29duBq4fQVBOMK7JG5yNJN8iGgWTkdovyMUJ1_CUOz6HuipqlSedJppNvF5tNDU-wrP0yz-lNVtZ4U0VmpWH6t8OnsQ1G/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;TRATAMENTO ENDOVASCULAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A cirurgia
endovascular é realizada através da colocação de um stent recoberto justa
renal. &amp;nbsp;O enxerto endovascular é
introduzido no aneurismo através das artérias femorais e fixado ao colo não
aneurismático da aorta e das artérias ilíacas com stents autoexpansíveis.&amp;nbsp; O stent pode ser apenas aórtico, aórtico
monoíliaco (colocado na aorta e em uma artéria ilíaca) ou aórtico biíliaco
(stent nas duas ilíacas).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O objetivo do
stent é desviar o fluxo para ele, diminuindo a pressão intravascular no aneurisma,
o que provoca sua regressão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcCr5rcfjLGfHjc6SzXt1OcAz6bNAl_v5EG4jKlhSjD5FIsz-f529RKxh5HEzuMKyWnpjRIIgwE1QLMVEwAgrfnogpA4na2J_zk5MkNcDuPCIZ3ND5nDNGOyM4rzx63A9taZf6P7XV7D3L/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcCr5rcfjLGfHjc6SzXt1OcAz6bNAl_v5EG4jKlhSjD5FIsz-f529RKxh5HEzuMKyWnpjRIIgwE1QLMVEwAgrfnogpA4na2J_zk5MkNcDuPCIZ3ND5nDNGOyM4rzx63A9taZf6P7XV7D3L/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;309&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_7&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1027&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:168pt;
 height:168.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Contra
indicações para o tratamento endovascular: vaso visceral acometido, muita
calcificação, colo proximal &amp;lt;15 mm e artéria angulada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Acompanhamento pós-tratamento:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-AAA entre 3-3,5 cm : realizar
angio TC em até 5 anos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-AAA de 3,5-4 cm: repetir angio
TC a cada 3 anos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-AAA de 4,0-4,5: repetir angio TC
anualmente;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;- AAA &amp;gt; 4,5 : repetir angio TC
em 6 meses;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-AAA &amp;lt; 3cm: não precisa
repetir angioTC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Aneurisma de aorta torácica&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os aneurismas
torácicos tem sua gênese na aterosclerose. São menos frequentes que o
abdominal.&amp;nbsp; São classificados conforme a
porção da aorta acometida em: ascendente, descendente e do arco aórtico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os aneurismas
da aorta descendente derivam de degeneração médio-cística (necrose cística da
média), que predispõe a dissecção. Já os aneurismas do arco e da artéria
descendente são causados por aterosclerose, degeneração médio-cistica e mais
raramente por sífilis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os aneurismas
do arco aórtico são importantes devido a emergência dos vasos tronco braquicefalico,
a.carotida e subclávia) de grande calibre e a dificuldade de correção cirúrgica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A maior parte
dos casos o aneurisma é assintomático e descoberto ao acaso (cerca de 40%).
Quando presentes os sintomas incluem dor torácica mal definida (em casos de expansão
aguda), dispneia (por compressão da arvore traqueobrônquica), tosse, rouquidão
(por compressão do nervo laríngeo recorrente) e disfagia por compressão
esofágica. Os sintomas podem ser causados por rotura do aneurisma ou dissecção.
Em caso de rotura o que se observa é dor violenta, hipotensão, derrame pleural
associado (geralmente para o espaço pleural esquerdo) ou derrame pericárdico
associado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;classificação de aneurisma de aorta torácica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZF665TBnJptodUVDRgwLaSDzZD2sY-FlIfpJwUCXTJ6crtdpyAXdn9Ywlbg443f50SziujwzJ8HaK38_jmbt0mHmntLaaBpaBFbdEpOWV14ozWBZkb_4zsoM-cunpi47rcmes9Xd-qDoV/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZF665TBnJptodUVDRgwLaSDzZD2sY-FlIfpJwUCXTJ6crtdpyAXdn9Ywlbg443f50SziujwzJ8HaK38_jmbt0mHmntLaaBpaBFbdEpOWV14ozWBZkb_4zsoM-cunpi47rcmes9Xd-qDoV/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;317&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_2&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:425.25pt;
 height:342pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image015.png&quot;
  o:title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Classificação dos aneurismas de aorta torácica-abdominais&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Um
sistema especifico para classificar os aneurismas torocoabdominias é de
fundamental importância para o planejamento operatório e morbimortlidade
cirúrgica. O sistema mais utilizado é o ATA, baseado em critérios
anatocirurgicos (segmento aórtico acometido):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;ATA 1: doença envolve maior parte da aorta
descendente e a parte superior da aorta abdominal, até as artérias renais;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;ATA 2: acomete a maior parte da aorta
descendente e a abdominal em toda a sua extensão;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;ATA 3: compromete aorta descendente distal (nível
da 6ª vertebra torácica) e a maior parte da aorta abdominal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As indicações
para tratamento em pacientes assintomáticos são as seguintes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aneurismo ascendente= 5,5 cm;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aneurisma descendente= 6,5 com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;No caso de
pacientes assintomáticos ou sintomáticos portadores da Síndrome de Marfan é
indicado cirurgia quando o aneurisma atingir diâmetro 1 cm abaixo do
estabelecido para pacientes sem a síndrome. O tratamento pode ser feito por
técnica aberta ou endovascular.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;CIRURGIA ABERTA:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Consiste na
substituição do segmento acometido por uma prótese. Pode ser realizado em
qualquer segmento aórtico com a reposição do segmento por um tubo de Dacron em
cirurgia com circulação extracorpórea. Pode envolver troca valvar (BENTALL), na
qual se coloca um tubo valvado e reinplanta posteriormente as coronárias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As principais
complicações são: isquemia miocárdica, colite isquêmica, hemorragia, isquemia
medular e dos membros inferiores (lesão da artéria de adamkewicz) e fistulas
aorto-entericas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;TRATAMENTO ENDOVASCULAR:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Possibilita o
tratamento da aorta descendente nos segmentos entre a emergência da artéria
subclávia esquerda e tronco celíaco e infra-renal. As indicações são as mesmas
da abdominal. Seus principais problemas são migração do enxerto para outra
parte da aorta e vedação incompleta das bordas do enxerto. O que limita o
tratamento endovascular é o comprometimento do tronco supraortico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É
potencialmente menos agressivo, tem menor morbimortalidade e menor incidência
de paraplesia do que o cirúrgico. Diz-se que potencialmente de menor custo
apesar do procedimento ser mais caro que o cirúrgico porque reduz o tempo de
internação na UTI, reduz o tempo de internação e reduz as transfusões.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE ENDOLEAK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;- tipo 1:
presença de fluxo de sangue no saco do aneurisma devido a vedação incompleta ou
selo ineficaz no final do enxerto. Este tipo de endoleak (vasamento) geralmente
ocorre na fase inicial do tratamento, mas pode ocorrer também
posteriormente.&amp;nbsp; O tratamento é inserção
de nova prótese.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-tipo II: presença
de fluxo de sangue para o saco do aneurisma, devido á oposição do fluxo de
sangue a partir de vasos colaterais (vasos colaterais alimentando o saco). Em
algumas circunstancias, quando existem dois ou mais vasos de patente de uma
situação de entrada e saída, desenvolve a criação de um fluxo de sangue dento
do canal ativamente criado dentro do saco do aneurisma. O tratamento é a
embolização dos vasos colaterais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-tipo III:
presença de fluxo de sangue para o saco do aneurisma devido a vedação
inadequada ou ineficiente de sobreposição de juntas do enxerto ou ruptura do
tecido do enxerto. Mais uma vez, esse endoleak geralmente ocorre logo após o
tratamento, devido a problemas técnicos, ou posteriores, devido a queda do
dispositivo. O tratamento seria a colocação de nova portese.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;- tipo IV:
presença de fluxo de sangue do saco do aneurisma devido a porosidade do tecido
do enxerto, causando a passagem de sangue através do enxerto e para dento do
saco do aneurisma. É mais benigno pois é autolimitado. O tratamento é o
observacional.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Dissecção aórtica&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Consiste na
rotura intimal abrupta, permitindo a entrada de sangue dento da camada media,
separando a parede em duas lâminas, por extensão variável. A solução de
continuidade da intima permite que o sangue escape da luz verdadeira,
rapidamente se interpondo entre a camada mais interna e mais externa da media,
expandindo a aorta para um tamanho acima do normal. Pode ser aguda, quando tem
até 14 dias de evolução ou crônica, quando é acima de 6 semanas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os dois pontos
mais comuns de acometimento são o ligamento arterioso, no istmo da aorta, e na
junção sinobulbar (na entrada da aorta no ventrículo esquerdo). Na maioria dos
pacientes a dissecção se inicia a partir de um ponto de ruptura da camada
intima, que é o orifício de entrada, porém pode haver mais de um orifício. No
trajeto da dissecção ramos arteriais importantes podem ser comprimidos ou
ocluídos. As comissuras da válvula aórtica podem perder a sustentação levando a
insuficiência aórtica grave, a parede externa da aorta pode romper gerando
derrame pleural ou pericárdico e hemotórax e pode haver formação de aneurisma
por dilatação da aorta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Classificação&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As dissecções
podem ser classificadas quanto ao local envolvido pela dissecção. Duas são as
classificações existentes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;DEBAKEY: &amp;nbsp;define de acordo com localização e extensão em&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-tipo I: origem na aorta ascendente se estendendo por
toda a aorta,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-tipo II: a dissecção é limitada a aorta ascendente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-tipo III: dissecção tem origem distal á artéria
subclávia esquerda (aorta descendente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-subtipo IIIa :limitada a aorta torácica descendente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-subtipo IIIb: estendendo-se desde a aorta torácica
até a abdominal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXDZXr9zKwAiiaxbZU9yZ1aLrKICqeRC70lGAGFsGYd33zhrvTrGb3WhDFD5FKJdgiK48-UXYeYlad3uX7Hmsqo17miaGBqJyixvtkPN3qJmqQn67TUM6iWV-Gglu2-uNpfZBLUqoc0tVJ/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXDZXr9zKwAiiaxbZU9yZ1aLrKICqeRC70lGAGFsGYd33zhrvTrGb3WhDFD5FKJdgiK48-UXYeYlad3uX7Hmsqo17miaGBqJyixvtkPN3qJmqQn67TUM6iWV-Gglu2-uNpfZBLUqoc0tVJ/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_8&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot;
 type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:203.25pt;height:139.5pt;visibility:visible;
 mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image017.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;STANFORD: baseia-se na abordagem terapêutica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;- tipo A: quando aorta ascendente esta envolvida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;- tipo B: quando a aorta ascendente não esta envolvida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Características clínicas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Os
principais relatos das manifestaçoes clínicas são encontradas na analise IRAD,
sendo as seguintes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;85%
apresentam dor de inicio súbito (Pode ter dor torácica que simula infarto, esse
diagnostico sempre deve ser afastado porque seu tratamento pode levar a morte do
paciente com dissecção de aorta);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;16%
apresentam dor migratória (geralmente acompanha o trajeto de dissecção);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;15%
apresentam déficit de pulso (dissociação de pulso ao exame dos pulsos);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;12%
podem apresentar sincope;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;5%
pode ter um AVC (pode dissecar para a carótida);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;50%
HAS;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;16%&amp;nbsp; hipotensão&amp;nbsp;
ou choque;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;30%
sopro ou insuficiência aórtica;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;61%
alargamento de mediastino ao raio X;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;50%
apresentam contorno aórtico anormal;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;5%
apresentam paralisia;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;3%
podem apresentar novo IAM;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Variantes da dissecção&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A dissecção pode ter outras formas de
apresentação que são o hematoma intramural e a úlcera penetrante, que são
clinicamente indistinguíveis e pode ocorrer progressão de uma forma para a
outra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ULCERA
PENETRANTE DA AORTA:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Consiste de
uma lesão aterosclerótica ulcerada que perfura a lamina elástica interna,
ocorrendo invasão da camada media da aorta. Sua progressão e evolução podem
levar a inúmeras complicações , tais como: embolização, hematoma intramural,
dissecção aórtica, formação de aneurismas e pseudoaneurismas e ruptura da
aorta. Por isso, sempre deve ser tratada. Consiste de um dissecção dita
localizada. Ela pode acometer toda a extensão da aorta mais é mais comum na
aorta torácica descendente proximal. Podem ser únicas ou múltiplas. Sue
diagnóstico é estabelecido através de métodos de imagem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;HEMATOMA
INTRAMURAL:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Consiste de
uma hemorragia contida dentro da camada média, sem orifício comunicante com a
luz. Pode evoluir com diferentes apresentações. Pode causar ruptura da intima e
gerar um dissecção, pode se transformar em pseudoaneurismas ou romper-se.&amp;nbsp; Regressão espontânea com reabsorção do
hematoma ocorre em cerca de 10% dos pacientes. Acredita-se que a ruptura do
vaso vasorum seja o evento inicial. Ele é mais benigno que a ulcera e pode ser
acompanhado clinicamente. O diagnostico também é feito por métodos de imagem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Dissecção do tipo A&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Esse tipo de
dissecção tem alta mortalidade (1-2% de mortes por hora por 24 á 48hs
iniciais). Consiste em uma emergência cirúrgica. A causa mais frequente de
óbito agudo é devido a ruptura para o pericárdio. Um estudo mostrou 90% de
mortalidade em 3 meses e 25% no grupo cirúrgico. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Dissecção tipo B&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Correspondem
a 1/3 dos casos de dissecção. E não constitui uma emergência cirúrgica. A
mortalidade cirúrgica é alta (25-65%) quando comparada á clinica e com o risco
de paraplegia (30-35%). Em casos não complicados o tratamento é iminentemente
clínico. Cerca de 30-40% apresentam complicação (dor persistente, dilatação do
aneurisma, rotura, expansão, isquemia de órgão terminal ou membro) o tratamento
deve ser cirúrgico. Isso porque esses casos geram uma falsa luz, que altera o
diâmetro total e é importante ser fechada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Aortoarterites&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; São
inflamações autoimunes das paredes dos vasos. A mais importante aortoarterite é
a arterite de Takayasu. Consiste de uma forma rara de panarterite obliterante
progressiva, que acomete a aorta e seus ramos principais (frequentemente o ramo
dos arcos da aorta, mas pode envolver a artéria pulmonar), causando obstrução e
estenose. Embora de etiologia ainda desconhecida, pode resultar de fenômeno
auto-imune. É comum em pessoas com menos de 40 anos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Em sua fase inicial apresenta arterite
granulomatosa da aorta e de seus ramos. Em sua fase tardia, também chamada de
esclerótica, ocorre hiperplasia intimal, degeneração da média e fibrose da
adventícia, gerando as estenoses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;No início, ainda não há diminuição do fluxo do sangue para as
extremidades e os sinais clínicos mais frequentes desta fase da doença são
fadiga, febre e mal estar e os exames laboratoriais evidenciam apenas
inflamação, que em geral fica sem esclarecimento. Conforme evolui, nos meses ou
anos subsequentes, vai havendo diminuição progressiva do&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;adtext&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;calibre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;destas
grandes&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;adtext&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;art&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;érias. Como a doença evolui de forma lenta,
vai havendo formação de circulação colateral e a maioria dos pacientes não
apresentam sinais de isquemia aguda como palidez, cianose ou gangrenas, levando
a amputação. Um dos sintomas importantes que sugerem o seu diagnóstico é a dor
muscular aos esforços dos membros (claudicação intermitente). Nesta fase, já
pode ser constatada diminuição dos pulsos e da pressão arterial no membro
irrigado pela artéria estreitada. No caso de envolvimento das artérias renais,
aparece hipertensão arterial grave, de difícil controle com medicamentos, sendo
necessária cirurgia para revascularizar o rim afetado. No caso de diminuição do
fluxo para o cérebro, começam a ocorrer perdas súbitas e transitórias da visão
ou desmaios, que muitas vezes indicam necessidade de cirurgia para restabelecer
a eficiência da circulação de sangue. No caso de estreitamento das artérias
mesentéricas, o paciente apresenta dores abdominais intensas após a alimentação
e emagrecimento progressivo.&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O tratamento é feito com o uso de glicocorticoides e
correção cirúrgica quando há &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;_GoBack&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;estenose.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Trauma de aorta&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sua principal causa decorre de acidentes
automobilísticos na população de 20 á 30 anos. O local preferencial para rotura
é o istmo (ponto fixo). Clinicamente se apresenta com choque /hipotensão. Em
todo trauma fechado de tórax deve-se investigar se houve trauma da aorta. Essa
investigação inicialmente é feita pelo raio X, onde pode-se ver alargamento do
mediastino. O tratamento é feito com colocação de endoprotese.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/71233923550774264/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/aneurisma-de-aorta.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/71233923550774264'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/71233923550774264'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/aneurisma-de-aorta.html' title='Aneurisma de aorta'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkgbxEJOw0CLNLwPc06UbXWDF5FnareWnx3-1mavejlcDtKXkV0-o8o2TipGrgM1z4cG5b9gPXu9wpw34-S7PbXDBdlkBzvGH5NHERQ057-svdnePcf_kEDqRfd-CNFVbU3iR0k5mVZgR2/s72-c/boleto+thais.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-3848349694840595054</id><published>2014-10-12T17:17:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2014-10-12T17:17:49.755-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Constipação intestinal na infância e na adolescência</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Constipação intestinal na infância e na adolescência&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Importância&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Prevalência (Brasil): 17,5 á 38,5%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Constitui a queixa principal em 3% das consultas
pediátricas e 24% em gastroenterologia infantil;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Uma a cada dez crianças requerem atenção medica
para a constipação em alguma época de suas vidas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Frequência normal das evacuações&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
frequência das evacuações varria com a idade e com o tipo de dieta. O peso, o
volume e a consistência fecal dependem entre outros fatores do peso hídrico e a
quantidade de fibras da dieta. Quanto menor a criança maior a frequência de
evacuações, sendo mais frequentes em bebes que mamam leite materno.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl_npyG7Rj52r24eGvOa8zmjZj3ZxgF8ygj4kCPf_2lokwTNoF_3uUfvqxjnCgofgJHzSh-dhyENqtZzXwsz_EY1K7vYVPjkSz92LZI-7M4lbjfn4gNWhdTagYQzVos7kM-o8PCHLIMspv/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl_npyG7Rj52r24eGvOa8zmjZj3ZxgF8ygj4kCPf_2lokwTNoF_3uUfvqxjnCgofgJHzSh-dhyENqtZzXwsz_EY1K7vYVPjkSz92LZI-7M4lbjfn4gNWhdTagYQzVos7kM-o8PCHLIMspv/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;257&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shapetype coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; o:preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; o:spt=&quot;75&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:formulas&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;
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  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:formulas&gt;
 &lt;v:path gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; o:extrusionok=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;o:lock aspectratio=&quot;t&quot; v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;
&lt;/o:lock&gt;&lt;/v:path&gt;&lt;/v:stroke&gt;&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_1&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1030&quot; style=&quot;height: 152.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 190.5pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Conceitos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Constipação intestinal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;È a eliminação de fezes
endurecidas, como esforço, dor ou dificuldade, associada ou não a aumento do
intervalo entre as evacuações, escape fecal (retêm tanto as fezes que faz
pressão grande no esfíncter anal) e aumento em torno das fezes. É a presença de
um dos seguntes achados por 3 ou mais semanas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Eliminação de fezes endurecidas, ressecadas e calibrosas
;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Frequência de evacuações igual ou menor que 2X
por semana;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dor e/ou esforço evacuatório acompanhado ou não
de sangramento;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Escape fecal e/ou encoprese;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Presença de fecaloma;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Manobras de retenção fecal;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Relato de sensação de esvaziamento incompleto do
reto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Escape fecal ou soiling&lt;/u&gt;:
indica a perda involuntária de parcela do conteúdo retal, consequente a fezes
impactadas no reto. OBS: escape fecal deve ser caracterizado somente após o
quarto ano de vida, entretanto, observam-se também crianças menores com essa
manifestação, principalmente, quando o controle do esfíncter anal ocorreu antes
do aparecimento da mesma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Incontinência fecal funcional
ou encoprese&lt;/u&gt;: pode ser entendida, em analogia com a enurese, como sendo o
completo ato de defecação, em sua plena sequencia fisiológica, em local e/ou
momento inapropriados, sendo em geral, secundaria a distúrbios psicológicos ou
psiquiátricos, em crianças que já adquiriram o controle evacuatório. Deve
ocorrer com a frequência de pelo menos 1 vez por mês por mais de 3 meses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Incontinência fecal&lt;/u&gt;: fica
reservada para a falta de controle esfincteriano decorrente de causas orgânicas
como anomalias anorretais e disfunções neurológicas, como nos pacientes com
meningomielocele.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Na prática, a
constipação crônica na infância pode ser distribuída em duas categorias:
funcional e secundária a distúrbios intestinais e extra-intestinais. A maioria
dos casos se enquadra na constipação crônica funcional.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fisiologia da evacuação&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A defecação é
um processo fisiológico complexo. Primeiro a entrada do alimento no intestino
delgado gera o reflexo gastrocólico (alimento chega ao estomago e colo começa a
contrair), que tem a finalidade de transportar o material fecal até o cólon. A
contração colônica tem dois movimentos segmentação (tem a finalidade de
misturar o conteúdo colônico, facilitando a absorção de agua e de outros
nutrientes) e propulsão (empurra o bolo fecal para o reto). &amp;nbsp;Normalmente o reto não contem fezes, o bolo
fecal presente nesse ele distende a parede estimulando receptores que causam
relaxamento de esfíncter anal inferior, aumento das ondas peristálticas,
relaxamento do assoalho pélvico e contração ou relaxamento do esfíncter anal
externo (controle a partir de 1 ano á 6 meses, se ate 4 anos não tiver controle
deve-se pesquisar que pode ser patológico). Esse reflexo é conhecido com
retoanal, retoesfincteriano ou retoanal inibitório (pode ser avaliado por
manometria anorretal). Quando este reflexo é desencadeado, ocorre contração
voluntaria do esfíncter anal externo ate que o individuo chegue a um local
apropriado para defecar. Se a evacuação não ocorrer as fezes retornam ao
sigmoide até o próximo movimento de peristalse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fisiopatologia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A constipação
ocorre quando alguma dessas etapas não é feita de forma correta. Varias teorias
podem explicar a fisiopatologia:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Distúrbio de motilidade&lt;/u&gt;: pressão
esfincteriana elevada, perda de relaxamento do esfíncter anal inferior após
distensão retal, sensibilidade retal alterada, redução da propulsão colônica ou
combinação dos mecanismos acima;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Fatores psíquicos&lt;/u&gt; : SNC extremamente
envolvido com o sistema digestório;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Fatores genéticos&lt;/u&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Fatores ambientais&lt;/u&gt;: dieta (junk food,
pobre em fibras), retenção colônica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_2&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1029&quot; style=&quot;height: 185.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 293.25pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Quando as
fezes não são eliminadas, o reto passa a conter fezes progressivamente mais
ressecadas e em maior volume (fecaloma). Durante anos esse mecanismo leva á
dolico colón (colón muito dilatado) e inercia do cólon. Instala-se assim um
ciclo vicioso: o medo de evacuar fezes endurecidas e volumosas faz com que a
criança mantenha, inconscientemente, o quadro de retenção fecal. Podendo haver
também contração paradoxal dos músculos da pelve (ao invés de relaxarem esses
se contraem no momento da defecação- anismo). A retenção fecal crônica acaba
por levar a diminuição do limiar de sensibilidade retal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjKpaiRAr9nMq3VShQAWeh9M_zgGDkG2F45zP_6BgFjTYi7ecrj-7tRKTUfM4wZu_jfjGOSTOxP-jITIDLzg8QQhV7O55nF1LlVuWgavAx3tIg8Cn9XCiDbVBgbJ_o3bEeclCRe3aI-fs1/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjKpaiRAr9nMq3VShQAWeh9M_zgGDkG2F45zP_6BgFjTYi7ecrj-7tRKTUfM4wZu_jfjGOSTOxP-jITIDLzg8QQhV7O55nF1LlVuWgavAx3tIg8Cn9XCiDbVBgbJ_o3bEeclCRe3aI-fs1/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;408&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Classificação&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pode ser
classificada de acordo com o tempo de evolução (aguda e crônica) e os
mecanismos fisiopatológicos desencadeantes (funcional ou orgânica). A funcional
pode ainda ser subclassificada em simples ou idiopática e a orgânica em
intestinal e extra-intestinal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Aguda &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pode ocorrer
durante ou após mudança de hábitos: alteração da dieta, viagem, doenças agudas,
pós-operatórios (principalmente de procedimentos retais), uso de medicamentos
(anticolinérgicos: opiáceos, fenobarbital, sulcralfato, hidróxido de alumínio,
anticolinérgicos, antidepressivos tricíclicos e simpatomiméticos). &amp;nbsp;Geralmente dura 2 semanas e o habito
intestinal normal é restabelecido espontaneamente ou após a correção dos
fatores desencadeantes. O tratamento é resolução/remoção do fator desencadeante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Crônica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Constipação intestinal crônica
pode ser dividida em funcional ou orgânica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Constipação intestinal crônica
intestinal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É empregada
quando não são identificadas causas orgânicas ou estruturais da constipação. O
entendimento da interação entre atividade motora, sensorial e nervosa do
intestino e o sistema nervoso central possibilitou melhor caracterização dessa
entidade. As alterações gastrointestinais funcionais foram classificadas da
seguinte forma:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Simples&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É uma condição
clinica comum. O diagnostico deve ser considerado em lactentes sadios com
duração menor de 6 meses, com esforço e choro por mais de 10 minutos antes da
eliminação das fezes durante o treinamento esfincteriano (precoce ou coercivo).
Esse quadro é denominado disquesia. É mais comum em meninos com historia
familiar de constipação. A causa em meninas é devido ao adiamento do ato
evacuatório por constrangimento da utilização de sanitários públicos.&amp;nbsp; Outra situação é a criança que “não tem tempo
para ir ao banheiro”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Idiopática:
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Causa mais
comum de constipação na infância. Decorre de repetidas tentativas de evitar a
evacuação, devido ao medo de eliminar fezes endurecidas e/ou calibrosas. &amp;nbsp;Tem forte fator genético, sendo mais comum em
pacientes com parentes com constipação.&amp;nbsp;
E pode funcionar com um gatinho para o desenvolvimento e constipação
crônica funcional simples, fissura anal, abuso sexual e conflitos familiares. Na
tentativa de conceituar o que é constipação intestinal idiopática fez-se um
estudo que classificou a constipação: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhoqiADKRDoQWZ8JnD1BEcZiI_b8eJuNwWRGDPC6xqIVB9URhC8vpvhqvhAXgvalwmnvWm1CA2kGKAsyeS3Zmg-OjFxypSFuHc1T2B6xzdkSK1NxdLouYUb-EKp1HrkU2smXYc5FWqEykV/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhoqiADKRDoQWZ8JnD1BEcZiI_b8eJuNwWRGDPC6xqIVB9URhC8vpvhqvhAXgvalwmnvWm1CA2kGKAsyeS3Zmg-OjFxypSFuHc1T2B6xzdkSK1NxdLouYUb-EKp1HrkU2smXYc5FWqEykV/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;480&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_3&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1028&quot; style=&quot;height: 220.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 294pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;3)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Orgânica:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pode ser decorrente de causas orgânicas de origem intestinal por
malformações anorretais (criança não recebe alta da maternidade se não evacuar,
exemplos seriam as estenoses retais), tumores ou causas extra intestinais como
hipotireoidismo, paralisia cerebral, trauma medular, mielomeningocele.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diagnostico diferencial:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Deve
ser feito com doença de Hirschsprung e constipação intestinal crônica funcional
. A doença de Hirschsprung é um megacolôn congênito aglangliônico, sendo mais
frequente em meninos e que tem como apresentação usual no RN constipação,
distenção abdominal e vômitos. Em lactentes e pré-escolares a doença se
caracteriza pela eliminação de fezes com volume diminuído. Outro diagnostico
diferencial deve ser feito com síndrome de pseudo-obstrução intestinal, causa
rara de constipação intratável. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7bduFK5HtR0j73EVku8UDZ_EVLNUIusZvskwGXDArA4LWeoOGYYH6cEKTRDj0lxLO4FdoHlw8cNiBmoN9nNfgdQB6oozZopiZbkKKqoVG4x6RDLETuYmBeThNMZXQAFogFz5A2fnD28G7/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7bduFK5HtR0j73EVku8UDZ_EVLNUIusZvskwGXDArA4LWeoOGYYH6cEKTRDj0lxLO4FdoHlw8cNiBmoN9nNfgdQB6oozZopiZbkKKqoVG4x6RDLETuYmBeThNMZXQAFogFz5A2fnD28G7/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;390&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_4&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1027&quot; style=&quot;height: 3in; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 342pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A funcional
geralmente ocorre após adquirir o controle do esfíncter anal esterno.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Manifestações clínicas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dor na evacuação com choros e gritos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Recusa de usar o vaso sanitário;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Eliminação de pequena quantidade de fezes
liquidas ou pastosas na roupa intima da criança em intervalos irregulares;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Eliminação de fezes volumosas que podem entupir
o vaso sanitário;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dor abdominal recorrente;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Eliminação de sangue nas fezes (fissuras anais
secundarias)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: em
lactentes é importante diferir constipação de pesudoconstipação que é a
eliminação de fezes amolecidas e amorfas, sem dor nem dificuldade, mas que
ocorrem com intervalos que se prolongam por vários dias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diagnostico&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Anamnese&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Contemplar os
seguintes quesitos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Frequência de evacuações;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Consistência e calibre das fezes (escala de
Bristol);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Esforço evacuatório;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Manobras de retenção fecal;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Teor de fibra e líquidos na dieta (idade +5g =11
{limite inferior} quantidade diária ideal de ingestão de fibra/ o valor máximo
deve ser de 25g/ a fibra para ter esse efeito deve ser necessariamente ingerida
com liquido- menor de ano 1l por dia, de 1 a 3 anos 1,5l de agua);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Escape fecal ou encoprese;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sangramento anal/retal;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Duração dos sintomas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Fatores associados (criança que não quer almoçar
e só quer mamadeira, leite de vaca pode causar constipação);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia pregressa: fases criticas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia pessoal de atopia (PODE SER LEITE DE
VACA: proctite alérgica, não mediada por IgE);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia familiar de constipação ou de atopias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Escala de Bristol (formato das
fezes)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_5&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; style=&quot;height: 214.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 204pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgySX65e_JhHgsDVg4LXrQOoIqvJvoZmjjBbCnJtQL1ke405_qzW4V5y9MVERlZnIBLsJiOY-OnpWwKNR0V0T_kdxLUpc3pMi87hwj9Dj7J8_G122cUSqI4tpWmc1yqyBrKnPswhzv4dbnm/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgySX65e_JhHgsDVg4LXrQOoIqvJvoZmjjBbCnJtQL1ke405_qzW4V5y9MVERlZnIBLsJiOY-OnpWwKNR0V0T_kdxLUpc3pMi87hwj9Dj7J8_G122cUSqI4tpWmc1yqyBrKnPswhzv4dbnm/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; width=&quot;378&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Sinais e sintomas associados:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dor abdominal recorrente (61%);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Escape fecal (45 a 50% e pode ser confundido com
diarreia);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sangue nas fezes (35%);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Distensão abdominal (26%);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Enurese (23%);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Vômitos (19%);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Infecção urinaria (18%);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Retenção urinaria (8%);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Constipação oculta (8%).&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Exame físico:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Abdome:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Inspeção: distensão abdominal (fecalomas e
retenção gasosa);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Palpação: massas fecais (geralmente na fossa
ilíaca esquerda e região hipogástrica);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Períneo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Escape fecal, fissuras e malformações;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ânus &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l13 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Toque retal (sensibilidade nessa região deve ser
pesquisa na suspeita de lesão neurológica, verificar tônus anal, o tamanho da
ampola retal, a presença de consistência e volume das fezes e compressões
extrísecas);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: é
importante também realizar o exame neurológico da criança&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Exames complementares&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Na maioria dos casos não há
necessidade de exames complementares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Raio X de abdome em incidência anterior e
perfil&lt;/u&gt;: permite visualizar distenção de gases, não ver ar na ampola retal
(sinal de doença de hisrsunprung, sinal de megacolon congênito), retenção fecal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Raio X lombossacra&lt;/u&gt;:&amp;nbsp; tufos de&amp;nbsp;
cabelo na região lombossacra pensar em espinha bífida (que pode estar
associada a constipação intestinal e retenção urinaria) e em casos de retenção
fecal com escape de difícil tratamento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Enema baritado&lt;/u&gt; (doença de HIsrprung) a técnica
usada é a de Neuhauser, que consiste na introdução de pequena quantidade de contraste,
sem pressão e sem preparo intestinal prévio, por meio de sonda introduzida
alguns centímetros do reto. O achado é de uma zona de transição (deve-se fazer
biopsia dessa).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tomografia:&lt;/u&gt; tumor, causa orgânica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Manometria anorretal&lt;/u&gt;: dá certeza do
diagnostico da doença de Hirschsprung (tem alteração dessa pressão), permite
ainda diagnosticar incontinência fecal e constipação grave. Coloca-se um balão
inflável no reto e de receptores de pressão nos esfíncteres anais, e mede-se a
pressão sobre eles. Na doença não há fase de relaxamento , a pressão é sempre
alta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tem o objetivo de interromper o
mecanismo de retenção fecal em vários pontos do circulo vicioso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Não farmacológico:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aumentar a ingesta hídrica (1l/dia para crianças
de 10kg e 1,5 á 2 l pra crianças acima de 30kg);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Reduzir ou suspender o leite de vaca (em caso de
atopia);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Probióticos (estudos em crianças não são
conclusivos, para ser eficaz deve ter alta concentração que a maioria dos
medicamentos não tem, por isso não se indica normalmente esses);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Orientar ao paciente e á família (muitos pais
acreditam que o escape é proposital e castigam os filhos);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Suporte psicológico (principalmente na
funcional);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Adequar a ingesta de fibras: idade +5g, máxima
de 25g/dia (as fibras aumentam a retenção de agua no colón e servem como
substrato para o crescimento bacteriano, aumentando assim o bolo fecal).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Alimentos
ricos em fibras &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifETaQSO-GDKDY4S39jMj3R6plzd0xLAW1JyRAh5TjPL07Qz6D1Wii-IHeu8zIj5pITEnjFmfsza80cq0X07Nqetcm7d9uqNm5ixAG80K26G1KVyiPTZIgKnnXhu8KLaprtMuzgeOLqnLW/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifETaQSO-GDKDY4S39jMj3R6plzd0xLAW1JyRAh5TjPL07Qz6D1Wii-IHeu8zIj5pITEnjFmfsza80cq0X07Nqetcm7d9uqNm5ixAG80K26G1KVyiPTZIgKnnXhu8KLaprtMuzgeOLqnLW/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;340&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_6&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; style=&quot;height: 198pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 381pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Entre as frutas a mais laxante é
a ameixa seca. Tratamento biofeedback: educar a criança a defecar (sem revista,
apoiar o pé no chão).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento farmacológico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Acabar com o ciclo da constipação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Desimpactação:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É essencial para o sucesso do
tratamento e consiste na eliminação dos fecalomas. É um procedimento invasivo e
muitas vezes difícil de ser realizado pela família. É feito da seguinte maneira&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Via oral (forma ideal): polietilenoglicol (PM
4000 daltons, sem eletrólitos)- é manipulado, dever ser usado em maiores de 1
ano 1,5g/kg/dia, durante 6 dias; NÃO ADMINISTRAR EM CRIANÇAS MENORES DE 2 ANOS,
CRIAÇAS COM RGE, DEFICT NEUROLOGICO E/OU DISTURBIOS DE DEGLUTIÇÃO, POIS PODE
LEVAR A PNEUMONIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Óleo mineral, 15 a 30ml/ano de vida (pode
provocar pneumonia lipoide exógena) , usar a parti de 2 anos anos de idade
(máximo de 240ml), por 3 dias;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Via retal: vaselina glicerinada 12%, 10 á
20ml/kg &amp;nbsp;(máximo 500ml) 1 vez ao dia por
1 a 7 dias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Laxativos lubrificantes:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A escolha depende da idade da
criança e da gravidade da doença. Amolecem as fezes e impedem a impactação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Óleo mineral: 1 a 5 ml/kg/dia, em 1 a 3 doses;
(mais de 2 semanas pode prejudicar a absorção de vitaminas lipossolúveis).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Osmóticos:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Contêm íons não absorvíveis que
tem efeito osmótico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;PEG: 0,5g/Kg/dia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Lactulose: 1 a 3 ml/kg/dia, em 1 a 2 doses;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sorbitol: 1 a 3 ml/Kg/dia, em 1 a 2 doses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hidróxido de magnésio: 1 a 3 ml/kg/dia em 1 a 2
doses;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Estimulantes:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Estimulam a secreção intestinal
em aumento da motilidade intestinal. Usados como “terapia de resgate”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Oral: sene 2,5 a 7,5 ml/kg/dia (2
a 6 anos, usar com cautela porque podem lesar o sistema nervoso entérico); 5 a
15mg/kg/dia (6 a 12 anos).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Local: supositório de glicerina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Usar por tempo curto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/3848349694840595054/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/constipacao-intestinal-na-infancia-e-na.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/3848349694840595054'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/3848349694840595054'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/constipacao-intestinal-na-infancia-e-na.html' title='Constipação intestinal na infância e na adolescência'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl_npyG7Rj52r24eGvOa8zmjZj3ZxgF8ygj4kCPf_2lokwTNoF_3uUfvqxjnCgofgJHzSh-dhyENqtZzXwsz_EY1K7vYVPjkSz92LZI-7M4lbjfn4gNWhdTagYQzVos7kM-o8PCHLIMspv/s72-c/boleto+thais.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-7377792558140689345</id><published>2014-10-12T17:06:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2014-10-12T17:06:33.667-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Neutropenias e trombocitopenias</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Neutropenias e
trombocitopenias&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Neutropenias&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
contagem periférica normal de glóbulos brancos varia de 5.000 à 10.000/mm3. A
neutropenia ou leucopenia consiste na contagem absoluta de neutrófilos
&amp;lt;1500/microl. O papel do neutrófilo na defesa fagocitária é realizado se a
contagem estiver acima de 1.000/microl (abaixo desse valor há alto risco de
infecções). Nesse caso, um passo importante a ser tomado é verificar qual tipo
de neutrófilo esta com níveis inferiores ao normal através da contagem
diferencial. Neutropenia leve é considerada quando se tem valores &amp;gt;1.000
&amp;lt;1500 e grave quando &amp;lt;500.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
neutropenias podem ser classificadas em: isoladas (quando há alteração apenas
da serie branca) ou associada às alterações da série vermelha e plaquetas
(problema grave) como na aplasia medular, leucemias, síndrome mielodisplásica,
anemia megaloblástica (deficiência de vit B12 e ácido fólico) e quimioterapia.
Na avaliação das neutropenias sempre deve-se considerar o risco de infecção e a
causa da neutropenia.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os leucócitos
produzidos na medula óssea circulam de 2 formas:&amp;nbsp; livremente no sangue periférico, constituindo
os leucócitos mensurados na contagem diferencial, e na margem do endotélio,
leucócitos marginais ( não é mensurado na contagem diferencial). Apenas 3% dos
leucócitos produzidos estão no sangue periférico, a maior parte se encontra na
margem do endotélio e parte fica armazenado na medula óssea. A redução desse
reservatório da medula óssea é o principal preditor de risco de infecção. Daí o
beneficio do uso de fator estimulante de colônias granulóciticas.&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Manifestações clínicas&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Pode ocorrer
como expressão de uma ampla variedade de doenças sistêmicas. Vários pacientes
são assintomáticos. Quando ocorrem sintomas eles geralmente são resultados de
infecções bacterianas recorrentes (geralmente germe da pele – S.aureus e
epidermides – e do TGI, são principalmente patógenos da flora bacteriana
endógena). Esses sinais são: febre (nesse caso o tratamento deve ser imediato
pois indica risco de infecção bacteriana), gengivite (indica redução de reserva
medular), ulceras de mucosa (indicam redução da reserva medular principalmente
quando não tem exsudação), dor abdominal (ulceras no TGI podendo permitir
translocação bacteriana), abcesso (indica boa resposta medular), esplenomegalia
(estado inflamatório crônico, indica uma neutropenia não benigna) VHS aumentado
( permite avaliar a possibilidade de infecção, assim como a&amp;nbsp; proteína C reativa) e história prévia de
infecções. OBS: ulceras sem exsudação indica que o paciente não tem resposta
inflamatória adequada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pulmões,
trato geniturinário, intestinos, orofaringe e pele são os locais mais
acometidos em pacientes neutropênicos. É importante saber que os sinais e
sintomas comuns de infecção estão diminuídos ou ausentes nesses pacientes
devido à redução das células que medeiam as respostas inflamatórias (observa-se
pneumonia sem consolidação, perfuração de vísceras sem processo inflamatório).&amp;nbsp; Outro ponto importante é que as infecções que
em indivíduos normais permanecem bem localizadas, nesses indivíduos pode sofrer
rápida disseminação. Valores de neutrófilos entre 1000-1500/microlito não há
risco significativo de infecção e nesse caso não precisa internar o paciente.
Valores de 500-1000/microl há algum risco de infecção. Quando o valor atinge
&amp;lt;500/microl há um risco significativo de infecção, poucos são os sinais de
infecção. Valores &amp;lt;200/microl o risco de infecção é altíssimo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Se
a neutropenia é grave (&amp;lt;500/microl) ocorre infecção em 2 semanas em 80% dos
pacientes e em 3 semanas em 100% dos pacientes. As principais fontes são o
local de punção da quimioterapia (bactérias da pele: Staphilococcus aureus e
Streptococcus pyogenes) e o intestino (pela perda da barreira intestinal).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
presença de exsudado purulento ou abscessos em pacientes neutropênicos indica
uma boa reserva medular.&amp;nbsp; Porém, a
presença de ulceras de mucosa e/ou gengivite severa geralmente indica reserva
medular reduzida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Fatores étnicos&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É
comum negros, judeus e árabes terem uma discreta neutropenia. Outra neutropenia
leve (geralmente acima de 1000) encontrada é a neutropenia familiar benigna,
que possui bom prognóstico, não possui risco aumentado de infecção e na qual a
reserva medular é normal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Classificação e etiologia das neutropenias&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
causas de neutropenias podem atingir o compartimento medular (como é o caso da
diminuição da produção e da granulopoiese ineficaz), o compartimento sanguíneo
periférico (como é o caso do deslocamento para o endotélio vascular ou tecidos
e o aumento da destruição periférica) e compartimento extravascular (ocorre
quando uma infecção como a febre tifoide recruta grande quantidade de
leucócitos, sendo que a liberação é maior que o pool de armazenamento medular).
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;As principais etiologias são drogas (agentes
antineplásicos, imunossupressores e antivirais que ocasionam supressão da
medula óssea), infecções (que podem funcionar como um “ralo” para os
neutrófilos) e distúrbios imunológicos. A invasão da medula por células
anormais como tumores também pode gerar neutropenia. Outra causa seria a
deficiência de vit B12 e/ou folato que são substratos para a fabricação do DNA.
Alterações no sangue periférico também pode levar desvios do pool marginal para
o circulante e vice-versa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
neutropenias podem ser classificadas em adquiridas (devido a infecções
bacterianas, virais, colagenoses, induzidas por drogas ou por deficiências
nutricionais) ou congênitas (leucemias, síndromes mielodisplásicas e
hemoglobinúria paroxística noturna).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Neutropenias adquiridas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
infecções são as etiologias mais comuns, principalmente as virais. Os vírus que
mais causam neutropenias são: hepatite C (neutropenia isolada ou associada á
plaquetopenia), Epstein Barr, HIV. Os mecanismos que levam a neutropenia são a
redistribuição (da margem para a periferia e vice e versa), o sequestro (pelo
baço por exemplo) e agregação (no local de infecção) e a destruição por
anticorpos circulantes (autoimune). É uma neutropenia autolimitada que
raramente predispõe a outras infecções.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
neutropenias induzidas por drogas deve ser pesquisada, porque muitas drogas
geram lesão medular. Pergunta-se para o paciente sobre drogas administradas
na&amp;nbsp; 4 semanas anteriores, excluindo as
drogas citotóxicas (quimioterápicos). As mais comuns de gerarem isso são:
clozapina (neuroléptico atípico), tionamidas (drogas antireoidianas) e
sulfassalazina (antimicrobiano que interfere na síntese de folato das
bactérias).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
neutropenias nutricionais são causadas pela deficiência de vit B12 e ácido
fólico e geralmente cursam com pancitopenia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
neutropenias podem decorrer de distúrbios imunológicos gerados por processos
infecciosos, drogas e processos imunológicos primários. Nesse caso, há
propensão para infecção que pode ser principalmente pelo distúrbio imunológico
em si, mas que pela neutropenia, que usualmente é leve. A neutropenia crônica
autoimune é uma anomalia comum em crianças que pode ou não relacionar-se a
infecções (dependendo da intensidade). Essa entidade geralmente tem resolução
espontânea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;A neutropenia crônica idiopática é uma
patologia não curável, comum em adultos. Apresenta reserva medular normal, sem
propensão á infecções.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O hiperesplenismo também pode ocasionar
neutropenia. Deve-se, nesse caso, fazer biopsia medular, se esta vier com
hipercelularidade a eslplenectomia é indicada, porém se houver hipocelularidade
o baço não deve ser retirado, pois ele esta promovendo a defesa do organismo.
Quanto maior o tamanho do baço maior será a neutropenia, porém essa raramente é
suficiente para ocasionar infecção secundária (usualmente é leve).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Distúrbios da
medula óssea geralmente geram pancitopenia em maior ou menor grau. As
principais causas desses distúrbios são: quimioterapia, aplasia medular,
leucemias, mielodisplasias, doenças linfoproliferativas ou secundária ao uso de
alguma droga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Neutropenia
febril é definida como temperatura oral isolada ≥ 38,3º C ou ≥ 38,0 º C por ≥1
hora, associada a contagem absoluta de neutrófilos &amp;lt;500/mm3, ou &amp;lt;1000/mm3
com previsão de queda para &amp;lt;500/mm3 nas 24hs á 48hs subsequentes. Quando os
neutrófilos estiverem abaixo de 1000 é indicado a internação pelo risco de
infecção que o paciente tem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Patógenos associados&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Usualmente as
infecções secundarias em pacientes neutropênicos decorrem da flora normal do
próprio paciente como bactérias piogênicas (stafilo e strepto), bastonetes gram
negativos e fungos (cândida sp,). É importante salientar que a neutropenia não
aumenta a suscetibilidade de infecção viral ou parasitária. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Os
sítios mais comuns de infecção são: a cavidade oral, mucosas, pele, região
perianal e genital. Se a neutropenia for grave pode haver sepse, pneumonias ou
infecções intestinais. Em pacientes em uso de antibióticos de amplo espectro
por mais de 2 semanas devido a neutropenia grave tem maiores risco de infecção
por bactérias entéricas (klebsiela, pseudômonas) ou fungos. Se cateter ou
outros corpos estranhos estiverem no paciente, pensar em infecção por stafilo
coagulase negativo (é resistente a penicilina e nesse caso deve se usar a
vancomicina).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Diagnóstico&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É influenciado
pela sua gravidade e pelo quadro clínico que desencadeia.&amp;nbsp; Ao encontrar um resultado de neutropenia o
primeiro passo a ser feito é repetir o hemograma, pois as vezes pode ocorrer a
síndrome chamada de pseudoneutropenia, na qual a produção e a utilização de
neutrófilos são normais mas o tamanho do pool marginal é aumentado e do pool
circulanre é diminuído. Essa síndrome pode ocorrer quando o sangue é armazenado
por tempo prolongado ou quando utilizou-se de anticoagulantes no tubo de
armazenamento que gerou uma aglutinação dos leucócitos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Um dado em
particular, o desvio a esquerda, é compatível com a noção que a medula óssea de
um paciente esta no meio de uma recuperação ou que a neutropenia é ocasionada
por um deslocamento transitório para um pool marginal ou compartimento
extravascular.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Na avaliação
diagnostica é importante: identificar o uso de qualquer drogas ou toxinas
capazes de causar lesão medular, determinar a gravidade da neutropenia,
pesquisar infecções recorrentes, identificar doenças sistêmicas subjacentes que
podem ser a causa da neutropenia, fazer exame do hemograma e da morfologia
sanguínea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Se houver
presença de anemia normo ou macrocitica e trombocitopenia associada deve-se
solicitar avaliação do hematologista (ira realizar uma biopsia medular).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Em caso de
neutropenia na ausência de infecção recorrente ou prolongada oprotocolo é o
seguinte: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;neutrófilos&amp;gt; 800/microl&amp;nbsp; geralmente indica bom prognóstico – observar
o paciente (inclusive a presença de focos na cavidade oral) e manter boa saúde
bocal;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;neutropenia moderada a grave com sinais de
infecção – utilizar antibióticos de amplo espectro e se caso a neutropenia seja
isolada, pesquisar deficiências nutricionais e colagenoses (FAN, AC
antineutrofílicos, HIV) antes da biopsia de medula óssea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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 &lt;v:stroke endarrow=&quot;open&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/v:stroke&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tratamento&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;É importante tratar a causa
da leucopenia. O tratamento dependerá do grau de leucopenia, da reserva medular
e das doenças associadas. A indicação de antibióticos se baseia no contexto
clinico individualizado, dessa forma:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;em neutropênicos com reserva medular reduzida,
sem sinais de infecção o tratamento é feito com cuidados bucais;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;neutropênico com reserva medular reduzida e /ou
infecção grave (principais causas quimioterapia e aplasia medular), o
tratamento deve ser feito com o uso de um antibiótico de amplo espectro
(geralmente MO do TGI ou pele, amplo espectro para todo paciente febril após
cultura) e internação se a global de leucócitos &amp;lt;500/mcl e reserva medular
reduzida;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Fator estimulante de granulócitos&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É
um fator estimulante de granulócitos que pode aumentar a contagem de
neutrófilos em alguns pacientes neutropênicos. Não é indicado em todos os casos,
pois tem custo elevado. Tem boa resposta em caso de supressão medular precoce
(secundaria a quimioterapia). É usado como profilaxia primaria em pacientes
utilizando quimioterapias, previndo neutropenias graves, quando esta já é
esperada e a dose não pode ser reduzida. É usado na profilaxia secundaria,
durante o retratamento, quando a quimioterapia anterior causaou neutropenia
febril. Sem profilaxia, nesses casos, a recorrência é de 50-60%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Em
caso de neutropenia febril e afebril sendo usado com o objetivo de encurtar a
duração de neutropenia severa induzida por quimioterapia em pacientes
neutropênicos sem febre, tem indicação controversa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Plaquetopenias&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É definida
como a contagem de plaquetas inferior a 150.000/mcl (contagem normal varia de
150.000 á 400.000). 2,5% da população normal apresenta valores baixos.
Normalmente não é detectada clinicamente se for &amp;gt;100.000/mcl. Deve-se
pesquisar nesses pacientes histórico de anemia, infecção recente, transfusão de
sangue e hemoderivados, possível exposição ao HIV, hepatite ou uso de
medicamentos associados a trombocitopenias (hepariana reduz em mais de 50% os
níveis de plaqueta, nesse caso é indicado a suspensão da droga). Os
sangramentos espontâneos iram ocorrer se a dose de plaquetas for &amp;lt;20.000 e
sangramentos cirúrgicos se a dose for &amp;lt;50.000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O precursor
plaquetário é o megacariócito, que da origem a 1000 á 5000 plaquetas. Estas
possuem meia vida de 7-10 dias. É importante na nalise das trombopenias afastar
as pseudotrombocitopenias. Esta consiste em uma falsa baixa contagem de
plaquetas devido a artefatos técnicos. Os principais artefatos são o uso de
quantidade inadequada de anticoagulante no frasco de coleta, temperatura
inadequada em uso de EDTA (plaquetas ficam em torno dos leucócitos, falseando
seu&amp;nbsp; número) e após a administração de
antiplaquetário monoclonal abciximab. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Mecanismos&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Trombocitopenia
pode ser ocasionada por 4 mecanismos distintos: redução da produção (á nível
medular), aumento da destruição (nível periférico), dilucional (alta volemia),
distribuitivo (outor órgãos retendo as plaquetas).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;REDUÇÃO
DA PRODUÇÃO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Nesse caso a
medula óssea esta suprimida ou lesada. Geralmente tem-se anemia e leucopenia
associados. Pode ocorrer também após infecções virais ou vacinas com vírus
atenuado (vírus HIV pode lesar megacariócitos diretamente).&amp;nbsp; Outra causa seria a quimioterapia ou
radioterapia sobre o sitio de produção plaquetaria. Pode ser ainda congênita
(mielodisplasias), devido ao alcoolismo ou deficiência de vit B12 ou ácido
fólico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;AUMENTO
DA DESTRUIÇÃO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É a causa mais comum de trombocitopenia. Ocorre quando
a taxa de destruição paquetária excede o mecanismo de compensação medular. &amp;nbsp;As causas são: imunológica (maioria dos casos
– LES, idiopática : AC antiplaquetários), uso de drogas (heparina, quinidina,
quinina, acido valproíco e medicamentos a base de sulfa), aloimune (pós
transfusão ou transplante de órgão), CID (coagulação intravascular disseminada
– Purpura trombocitopênica trombótica, síndrome hemolítica urêmica, síndrome
antifosfolípede, síndrome de HELLP e uso de próteses valvares, circulação
extra-corpórea e aneurisma aórtico).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;3-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;PALQUETOPENIA
DISTRIBUTIVA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;São causadas por
uma maior sequestro de plaquetas por alguns órgãos. A esplenomegalia é uma
causa comum na qual a congestão esplênica (hipertensão portal) causa sequestro
esplênico. Nesse caso, o pool de plaquetas esta normal, mas existe aumento do
sequestro dessas pelo baço congesto. São raros os casos de sangramentos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;4-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;DILUCIONAL:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É observada durante transfusão maciça de hemoderivados (as
plaquetas são instáveis em sangue estocado e caem rapidamente nas primeiras
24hs) em pacientes que sangram de maneira continua. Também esta presente na
gravidez onde há aumento do volemia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Apresentação clínica&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Os
pacientes podem se apresentar assintomáticos e sintomáticos dependendo do
número de plaquetas. Pacientes com plaquetas &amp;gt;50.000/mcl são assintomáticos,
embora possam sangrar por um tempo mais prolongado quando há trauma grande.
Abaixo desse valor os sintomas começam a surgir. Os sintomas podem ser
sangramentos de mucosas e cutâneos (petéquias, Púrpuras e equimoses),
hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia e linfadenomegalia. OBS: sangramentos de mucosa
sempre traduzem alta gravidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Diagnostico&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Primeiramente
deve-se repetir o exame para confirmar a trombocitopenia. Avaliar então
leucopenia, anemia, leucocitose ou presença de blastos para descartar uma
pancitopenia. Investigar uso prévio de medicamento que podem gerar
trombocitopenias. Investigar infecções recentes (virais, bacterianas – dengue,
malária, hepatite, leptospirose) que causam trombocitopenia. Pesquisar fatores
de risco para HIV, distúrbios hematológicos (LMA, síndromes mielodisplásicas),
outras doenças não hematológicas (eclampsia, pré-eclampsia, sepse, CID),
historia familiar de plaquetopenia, vacinação recente com vírus atenuado,
desnutrição (deficiência de vit B12 e folatos), paciente idoso e alcoolatra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
punção aspirativa ou biopsia da medula óssea é indicada apenas em casos
especiais como: quando existir outras penias e blastos, se o megacariócito
normal ou aumentado sugere aumento da destruição plaquetária, se magacariócito
diminuído sugere redução na produção plaquetária (associado a redução de
hemácias e granulócitos sugere aplasia medular), se medula hipercelular, com
modificações megaloblásticas em células vermelhas e brancas, sugere deficiência
de vit b12 e fotatos,&amp;nbsp; se alterações
displásicas em megacariócitos, hemácias e leucócitos, sugerem síndrome
mielodisplasica (alterações displásicas em megacariócitos).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Trombocitopenia gestacional&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Ocorre em 5%
das gestações e seu mecanismo não é bem conhecido, mas certamente existe
participação imune em alguns casos. Observa-se nessas gravidas ausência de
historia de trombocitopenia.&amp;nbsp; A
trombocitopenia é leve e assintomática (&amp;gt;70.000). Ocorre durante o 3º
trimestre da gravidez e não esta associada com trombocitopenia fetal. Tem
resolução espontânea após o parto. A etiologia pode ser também pela
hemodiluição.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Prognostico&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Em caso de
trombocitopenia leve assintomática (&amp;gt;100.000) o prognóstico é muito bom a
médio prazo. Muitos pacientes tem normalização das plaquetas e poucos evoluem
para o surgimento de doença auto-imune. Geralmente os níveis de plaquetas se
estabilizam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Na
trombocitopenia isolada sintomática, com ausência de doenças sistêmicas,
eritrograma e leucograma normais, manifestando-se com sangramentos o
prognostico é razoável e o leque diagnostico se reduz para drogas ou Purpura
trombocitopênica idiopática.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Plaquetopenia induzida por drogas&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Resulta
de uma idiossincrasia apresentada por um pequeno numero de indivíduos expostos.
Acredita-se que seja devido a um mecanismo autoimune de formação de
imunocomplexos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Nesse caso
deve-se suspender a droga se plaquetas &amp;lt;10.000 sem sangramentos ou com
sangramentos&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt; Deve ser administrado
prednisona 1mg/kg VO pela manhã (mecanismo autoimune) e dar concentrado de
plaquetas se sangramento presente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
plaquetas são destruídas precocemente na circulação como resultado de
auto-anticorpos ou de imunocomplexos presentes na superfície de sua membrana. É
um diagnostico de exclusão na ausência de anemia, leucopenia ou blastos,
ausência de uso de drogas (inclusive quinino presente na água tônica). Em
crianças tem remissão espontânea em 80% em 6 meses sem tratamento. Em adultos a
remissão é rara, porém nada deve ser feito. Se as plaquetas forem para
&amp;lt;30.000 usar prednisona 1mg/kg pela manhã.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Agentes TPO miméticos&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Romiplostim e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Eltrombopag&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;(estimulam a produção plaquetária)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;São drogas de 3ª linha, pois são caras e de uso continuo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/7377792558140689345/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/neutropenias-e-trombocitopenias.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/7377792558140689345'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/7377792558140689345'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/neutropenias-e-trombocitopenias.html' title='Neutropenias e trombocitopenias'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-2258583801811762258</id><published>2014-10-12T16:59:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2014-10-12T16:59:37.584-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Obstrução arterial</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Obstrução arterial&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
doença arterial periférica tem como causa mais comum a aterosclerose. A
aterosclerose consiste na formação de lesões fibrogordurosas no revestimento da
túnica intima de artérias de grande e médio calibre. A aterosclerose começa
como um processo insidioso que se inicia na infância com a formação das estrias
gordurosas. Estas constituem de macrófagos e células musculares lisas que se tornam
distendidas com lipídeos para formarem as células espumosas. As estrias
usualmente estão presentes na aorta (primeira década de vida), nas coronárias
(segunda década de vida) e artérias cerebrais (terceira ou quarta década de
vida). OBS: o endotélio é considerado um órgão endócrino, pois faz controle do
tônus vascular.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mecanismo da aterosclerose&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
estrias gordurosas progridem após muitos anos para a formação da placa
ateromatosa fibrosa. &amp;nbsp;Estas estrias são
clinicamente silenciosas, mas precursoras de lesões mais avançadas,
caracterizadas pelo acumulo de debris necróticos resultantes da apoptose de
macrófagos gordurosos, matriz extracelular e células musculares lisas. Estas
são as placas ateromatosas que se caracterizam pelo acumulo de lipídeos
intracelulares e extracelulares, proliferação de células musculares lisas
vasculares, formação de tecido fibrótico e calcificação. A placa ateromatosa é
composta de uma porção central de lipídeos extracelulares, coberta por uma capa
fibrosa de tecido conjuntivo e tecido muscular. Á medida que aumenta de tamanho
as lesões invadem o lúmen da artéria e finalmente podem ocluir o vaso ou
predispor a formação de um trombo.&amp;nbsp; A
placa pode se tornar instável e sofrer ulcerações que juntamente com a
lentificação do fluxo que ocorre no local da placa, predispõe a eventos
trombóticos, que podem causar a obstrução do vaso. Rupturas frequentes ocorrem
nas regiões marginais da placa (junção da placa com a região arterial pouco
comprometida), normalmente ricas em macrófagos espumosos, sugerindo que fatores
inflamatórios influenciam o risco de erosão e ruptura da placa. A placa estável
apresenta capa fibrótica espessa, ausência de células inflamatórias, endotélio
integro e riqueza em células musculares lisas. A placa instável apresenta capa
fibrosa fina, presença de células inflamatórias, pobre em células musculares
lisas e apresentado lesão endotelial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; No
caso de excesso de LDL o mecanismo é o seguinte: os níveis elevados de LDL
promovem ativação de macrófagos que liberam radicais livres. Estes ocasionam
oxidação do LDL. O LDL oxidado é toxico para o endotélio, causando lesão
endotelial e exposição de subendotelio ao sangue. Isso ativa agregação
plaquetária e deposição de fibrina no local. As plaquetas e os macrófagos
liberam citocinas que geram aumento da proliferação das células musculares
lisas e deposição de matriz extracelular nas lesões. Os LDLs oxidados também
são ingeridos por macrófagos ativados formando as células espumosas. As células
espumosas liberam lipídeos que se depositam na porção central da placa
juntamente com o material necrótico. Quanto maior a porção central lipídica e
mais fina a capa fibrosa, mas instável será a placa. Estas placas estão em
risco iminente de ruptura. Os fatores de risco locais responsável pela ruptura
da placa são: fadiga da placa, grande núcleo lipídico, capa fibrosa fina,
inflamação da placa. Os fatores de risco sistêmicos são: fumo, colesterol,
fibrinogênio, fibrinólise, homocisteína, DM. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
doença aterosclerótica pode acometer todo o leito arterial ocasionando AVC,
ataque isquêmico transitório, IAM, angina, aneurismas e doença vascular
periférica (claudicação intermitente e gangrena). A aterosclerose pode ser ectásica
(causa dilatação da parede do vaso) gerando um aneurismo ou obstrutiva, levando
a formação de um trombo. A aterosclerose trombótica pode ser oclusiva ou
sub-oclusiva. OBS: quando a artéria encontra-se 1,5 vezes com o diâmetro
aumentado tem-se um aneurismo. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqF3PKPsFUHuYsxwQciX3WF1hHJdfY1FgU2IUZbA_9koPYKQG0TN5938MRPbpOx-EycVzBbPaWlZWcQg4IOUBWolR77YDTVJitXv4rFOpx5PJSTSYFkhbLkoTBHgjtoc0GMO69TOBn6ZdY/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqF3PKPsFUHuYsxwQciX3WF1hHJdfY1FgU2IUZbA_9koPYKQG0TN5938MRPbpOx-EycVzBbPaWlZWcQg4IOUBWolR77YDTVJitXv4rFOpx5PJSTSYFkhbLkoTBHgjtoc0GMO69TOBn6ZdY/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;347&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Fatores de risco para a aterosclerose&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Não modificáveis&lt;/u&gt;: idade (mulheres acima
de 65 anos e homens acima de 55 anos), sexo e história familiar (parentes de
primeiro grau).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 53.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Modificáveis&lt;/u&gt;: hipercolesterolemia
(elevação de LDL e redução de HDL), hipertensão, diabetes mellitus, tabagismo,
obesidade, sedentarismo, hipertensão arterial, depressão e hipotireoidismo. OBS:
no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia, o valor desejado de LDL para pacientes
portadores de doença arterial pulmonar é menor que 100 e em paciente com alto
risco o valor desejado é menor que 70. Importante saber que o aumento de HDL
provocado por medicamento não se sabe se tem o efeito protetor proporcionado
pelo seu aumento natural.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 53.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Emergentes: &lt;/u&gt;PCR (maior que 3), SCD4OL,
apo B, lp a (se liga ao macrófago promovendo a formação de células espumosas),
homocisteína (inibe elementos da cascata anticoagulante e esta associada a
lesão endotelial), Lp-PLA2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Doença oclusiva aterosclerótica ou doença vascular periférica&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É vista mais
comumente nos vasos dos membros inferiores, atingindo mais comumente a artéria
femoral superficial e a poplítea. A doença é vista mais frequentemente em
homens de 60-70 anos de idade. 60% desses pacientes terão problemas
coronarianos graves, trata-se, logo de uma marcador de prognóstico coronariano.
A principal causa é a aterosclerose, que é uma doença universal e progressiva.
Quando ocorre obstrução de 70% do leito vascular há uma limitação de fluxo
importante podendo gerar uma isquemia tecidual. A obstrução pode ser aguda ou
crônica, sendo a aguda mais grave pela falta de circulação colateral.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fisopatologia da isquemia na doença arterial obstrutiva crônica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cada
tecido possui uma demanda tecidual. Assim, a isquemia é um binômio entre a
demanda metabólica tecidual e o suprimento de O2 fornecido pelo miocárdio. Os
sintomas nesse caso são graduais. Muitos indivíduos são assintomáticos (até que
50% do vaso esteja estreitado, geralmente não há sintomas), mas quando surgem
são bem típicos. O sintoma clássico da doença é a claudicação intermitente,
referida como uma sensação de dor, cãibra, formigamento ou sensação de fadiga
no grupamento muscular envolvido, ocorrendo durante o exercício e melhorando
com o repouso. Esse sintoma é classificado pela seguinte escala:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Classificação de Leriche-Fontaine&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #F0F0F0; border: solid #3C78B5 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #3C78B5 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
Estádio I (fase de latência)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
Assintomáticos, descoberta casual&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
Estádio IIa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
Claudicação intermitente não-incapacitante&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
Estádio IIb&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
Claudicação incapacitante&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
Estádio III&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
Dor em repouso, alterações trófica e rubor de pendência&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
Estádio IV&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
Lesões necróticas, úlceras e gangrena&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Outros
sinais de isquemia incluem alterações atróficas e adelgaçamento de pele e de
tecidos subcutâneos da perna e diminuição do tamanho dos músculos da perna. O
pé frequentemente é frio e os pulsos poplíteos e pedal são fracos ou ausentes.
A cor do membro clareia com a elevação de membro e se torna vermelho-vivo
quando a perna esta pendente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Quando
a redução do fluxo é muito acentuada a ponto de não atingir as necessidades
mínimas dos músculos, o paciente terá dor em repouso, ulceração e gangrena. Por
isso, cuidado, dor persistente em repouso é sinal de isquemia critica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Fisiopatologia da oclusão aguda&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Trata-se
de uma emergência cirúrgica. Isso porque o estreitamento lento e progressivo de
um vaso arterial costuma ser acompanhado do desenvolvimento de colaterais que
mantém de alguma forma o fluxo sanguíneo para o tecido suprimido pelo vaso em
questão. Na oclusão arterial aguda não há tempo para o surgimento de
colaterais. No caso dos membros inferiores, eles podem apresentar alterações
irreversíveis dentro de poucas horas. Sendo assim, o alivio da obstrução e
revascularização do tecido constituem medidas essenciais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Existem duas
causas de oclusão arterial aguda: embolia e trombose local. As fontes mais
comuns de êmbolos para os membros inferiores são coração, aorta e grandes
artérias. As principais causas de trombose local nos membros inferiores são
instabilidade de placa aterosclerótica, trombose de enxertos como o bypass e
trauma vascular.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O quadro
clinico tem como característica dor intensa, parestesias (hipoestasias-
diminuição da sensibilidade local) e diminuição da temperatura do membro
afetado em poucas horas após a obstrução. A pele costuma ser fria, pálida e com
enchimento capilar lentificado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Exame físico&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Inclui inspeção dos membros para sinais de isquemia crônica, palpação
dos pulsos das artérias femoral, poplítea, tibial posterior e pedal dorsal
(permite uma estimativa do nível e grau de obstrução, observar a extensão,
sincronismo com o pulso cardíaco, simetria e bordas lisas das artérias). O
objetivo da palpação é classificar a amplitude dos pulsos. &amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;Palpação
dos pulsos arteriais: &lt;/u&gt;quando se palpa uma artéria, o pulso arterial é
percebido como uma expansão da parede arterial sincrônica com o batimento
cardíaco. A expansão é devido a distensão súbita da parede arterial originada
pela ejeção ventricular na aorta e sua transmissão aos vasos periféricos. Na
realidade, o pulso arterial é uma onda de pressão dependente da ejeção
ventricular, e por isso, a análise do pulso arterial proporciona dados
inestimáveis da ejeção ventricular esquerda. A palpação deve ser feita da
seguinte forma:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 89.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Efetuar um
mínimo de compressão e com mais de uma polpa digital;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 89.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Executar
movimentos de vai e vem ao longo da artéria que esta sendo explorada. Obter
informações sobre as características de dureza consistência, forma e decurso,
ritmo e amplitude. A artéria é normalmente retilínea, mole, de superfície lisa
e uniforme e não da à sensação de relevo na compressão e no movimento de
laterilização;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 89.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Palpar, na
ordem, as seguintes artérias:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Radial: na
goteira radial, usando 2 a 3 polpas digitais e, o polegar apoiado, em garra, na
extremidade radial do dorso do antebraço.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Braquial:
para dentro do corpo do bíceps, junto a prega do cotovelo, com a polpa digital
do polegar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;3)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Subclávia:
por detrás e abaixo da clavícula.]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;4)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aorta: na
fúrcula esternal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;5)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Carótida: na
borda interna do musculo esternocleidomastóideo, com ligeira flexão lateral da
cabeça. Para evitar as consequências desagradáveis da “síndrome do seio
carotídeo”, especialmente em idosos, não palpar as carótidas simultaneamente e
limitar a palpação á metade inferior do pescoço do paciente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;6)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Temporal:
junto ao osso temporal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;7)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aorta
abdominal: a partir do epigástrio até dois dedos abaixo da cicatriz umbilical.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;8)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Femoral: na
união do terço médio e terço interno da arcada crural.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;9)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Poplítea: no
centro da face posterior dos joelhos, colocados em ligeira flexão.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;10)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tibiais
posteriores: detrás do maléolo medial.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;11)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tibiais
anteriores: na face anterior do tornozelo, entre os tendões do musculo tibial
anterior.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 107.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;12)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pediosas:
para dentro do tendão tibial anterior, no pé. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A amplitude de um pulso é
caracterizado geralmente por uma escala de 0 a 4/4+:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 71.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;0/4+ -
ausente (pulso não palpável)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 71.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;1/4+ -
diminuída (pulso pouco palpável)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 71.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;2/4+ -
normal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 71.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;3/4+ - aumentada&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 71.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;4/4+ - muito
aumentada&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A &lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;&quot;&gt;Manobra de Allen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;&quot;&gt;é utilizada para
comparar a amplitude de pulso e a dominância ou oclusão das artérias radial e
ulnar. O teste é feito da seguinte maneira:&lt;/span&gt; comprime-se as artérias radial e ulnar
no nível do punho com as 2 mãos e solicita-se ao paciente abrir e fechar a mão.
Solta-se uma das artérias e avalia-se a coloração. Repete-se a manobra
liberando a outra artéria. O teste é positivo quando enchimento é lento em
alguma das artéria (mais de 3 segundos).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Outro
teste muito utilizado é &lt;b&gt;o índice
tornozelo-braquial (ABI ou ITB)&lt;/b&gt;. &amp;nbsp;É
um método de diagnostico precoce na detecção do processo aterosclerótico, que
consiste na relação entre a pressão sistólica no tornozelo e no braço. É
simples, não invasivo, de baixo custo e grande confiabilidade. &amp;nbsp;O cálculo é realizado pela maior pressão
arterial sistólica da artéria tibial posterior e da artéria dorsal do pé (com
obtenção nos dois membros ou em apenas um, dependendo da casualidade) com a
maior pressão sistólica das artérias braquiais. Normalmente a pressão no nível
do tornozelo é igual ou discretamente superior a do braço. Indivíduos normais
possuem ABI≥1 (valores entre 1 e 1,4). Valores de ABI &amp;gt;0,5 e &amp;lt;1 indica
obstrução arterial moderada. &amp;nbsp;Valores de
0,91 são valores incertos. Pacientes com ABI&amp;lt; 0,5 apresentam isquemia grave
e persistente. OBS: a pressão sistólica no braço e na perna é igual ou tem
variação de no máximo 10%. Este teste deve ser usado em pacientes com
claudicação intermitente, idosos acima de 65 anos, fumantes ou diabéticos,
pacientes com feridas de difícil cicatrização (em ambas as pernas). É classe I
de recomendação.&amp;nbsp; O estudo não é
confiável para vasos consecutivos não compressíveis pela mensuração. Este teste
é requerido para se criar um plano de tratamento. Vários estudos comprovam a
eficácia do teste como ferramenta para diagnóstico de moléstias
cardiovasculares em sua fase inicial, oferecendo redução de custos para o
sistema de saúde brasileiro e empresas, prevenindo riscos cardiovasculares e
melhorando a qualidade de vida para o paciente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Outra
técnica utilizada para a avaliação de doença arterial infrainguinal é a de
pressão segmentar. Nessas os manguitos são colocados em vários níveis da
extremidade inferior (parte proximal e distal da coxa, panturrilha e tornozelo).
Um sistema automatizado enche e esvazia os manguitos sequencialmente enquanto p
Doppler mede o fluxo distal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O teste de Barany&lt;/b&gt; é um
teste de indução a isquemia que também pode ser feito. Nesse teste elevam-se as
pernas do paciente, mantem-se elevadas e pede-se o paciente para flexionar e
estender o tornozelo. Caso o pé se torne arroxeado o teste será positivo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Exames complementares&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Podem ser usados o US,
angiorressonância, angiotomográfia, e angiografia invasiva com contraste. O
duplex scan é o método de escolha para diagnostico de estenoses em enxertos
vasculares.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tratamento&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As medidas gerais são a cessação
do fumo com ajuda se necessário de farmacoterapia adjuvante (varenicicline,
bupropiona e terapia de substituição de nicotina) e clinicas de tratamento para
dependentes do cigarro, controle da diabetes e hipertensão, redução do perfil
lipídico e pratica regular de exercícios físicos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Em relação ao tratamento
farmacológico o paciente deve usar agentes antiplaquetários (usado para reduzir
o risco de IAM e morte súbita em pacientes com sintomas de aterosclerose em PAD).
Este tratamento tem o objetivo de prevenir trombose, embolização e até a
progressão da aterosclerose. A aspirina (dose de 100-500mg, guide line-
75-325mg) é primeira droga a ser utilizada. &amp;nbsp;É considerada uma terapia antiplaquetária
segura e eficaz para reduzir o risco de IAM e morte súbita nesses pacientes. O
clopidogrel (75mg/dia) é uma droga mais efetiva que a aspirina para reduzir a
mortalidade cardiovascular, porém é mais cara. É uma alternativa segura e
eficaz para a terapia com aspirina, reduzindo risco de infarto, isquemia e
morte súbita.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Antiplaquetários podem ser usados
para reduzir o risco de infarto, isquemia e morte súbita em paciente
assintomáticos com ABI ≥0,9. Em pacientes com ABI incerto o uso de
antiplaquetário para redução desses riscos não foi bem estabelecido. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A combinação de clopidogrel e
aspirina em pacientes com sintomas de doença arterial periférica pode ser
considerado como redutor dos riscos de eventos cardiovasculares, naqueles
pacientes que não tem risco aumentado de sangramento e tem alto percentual de
risco cardiovascular.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Outra droga utilizada é o Cilostazol. Esta
atua inibindo a agregação plaquetária, produzindo vasodilatação e inibindo a
proliferação da musculatura lisa (inibe a fosfodiasterase tipo 3). É eficaz
para tratar a claudicação intermitente, além de diminuir o risco de infarto e
AVC.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Na
fase aguda da doença é preciso usar um antitrombótico (heparinização sistêmica
deve ser realizada). Os antitrombóticos usados são a heparina não fracionada
(HNF) e a heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM). A HNF é usada em bolo de 12
un/Kg até o máximo de 4000 un, mantendo constante 60un/Kg/hora. A monitorização
deve ser feita pelo TTPA, que deve ser mantido entre 50-70 segundos. A HBPM
(trexane) deve ser usada na dose de 1 mg/Kg/peso de 12 em 12 hs. Não precisa de
monitorização. Em pacientes com IRC a HBPM só deve ser usada 1 vez ao dia na
mesma dosagem.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Não
existem estudos suficientes para o beneficio do uso de Marevam nesses casos,
porém ele não é usado pelo risco de gerar sangramentos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tratamento cirúrgico&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Pode ser
indicada em casos graves. As indicações são as seguintes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;A
angioplastia de balão pode ser usada para paciente com obstrução e isquemia expectativa
de vida de 2 anos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;O
enxerto definitivo deve ser usado em doença grave, mas que o paciente tem
expectativa de vida alta;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Oclusão
arterial aguda&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Na
oclusão arterial aguda primeiro realiza-se a sedação e analgesia do paciente.
Depois se promove a proteção térmica da região afetada (geralmente nos membros
se usa algodão ortopédico frouxo e faixas de algodão), além do repouso da
extremidade acometida em superfície não traumática (colchão d´água)&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;, calor a distância (uso de
cobertores em todo o corpo) que teria o efeito benéfico de diminuir o espasmo
arterial, elevação da cabeceira e manutenção dos membros na horizontal. &lt;/span&gt;Faz-se
então a heparinização venosa plena (&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;na dose de 5000 u.i. a 10 000ui)&lt;/span&gt;. Caso o membro não esteja
seriamente ameaçado pode-se realizar uma arteriografia para confirmar o
diagnóstico. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Realiza-se
então a embolectomia: pacientes com embôlos nas ilíacas e femorais realiza-se
incisão na região inguinal, o fluxo é então restaurado pela passagem
anterógrada de um cateter-balão (cateter de Forgaty) na artéria femoral
profunda. O cateter é introduzido de 10 em 10 cm. O enchimento cuidadoso do
cateter, durante sua retirada, retêm e extrai os trombos sem causar lesão da
parede arterial. O cateter é então introduzido na artéria femoral superficial,
realizando o mesmo procedimento. &lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Podendo ser realizada sob anestesia local, esta técnica
simples e rápida permite uma desobstrução anterógrada e retrógrada da artéria.
A abordagem é ditada pela clínica. Nos membros inferiores geralmente ao nível
do tripé femoral e nos membros superiores direto na artéria umeral, ao nível da
goteira bicipital interna.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As complicações do procedimento podem ser de origem técnica (estenoses
das arteriotomias longitudinais, obrigando ao uso de remendos venosos, lesões
endoluminares pelo Fogarty - dissecção, descolamento de placas, perfuração da
artéria, etc), complicações locais (hematomas, necrose muscular com ou sem
infecção, déficit neurológico completo).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Outra opção é o tratamento fibrinolítico.&amp;nbsp; Este &lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;consiste na aposição de um cateter pela técnica de Seldinger,
e a liberação de um produto fibrinolítico (uroquinase, streptoquinase, RTPA),
em doses variáveis segundo os vários protocolos existentes em contato com o
trombo. Esta técnica apresenta contraindicações (isquemia sensitivo-motora,
oclusões umero-axilares, e as contra - indicações próprias contra o uso de
fibrinolítico), e as principais indicações são: oclusões arteriais agudas
recentes (tempo inferior a 15 dias) de pontes femoro-popliteas, pré-operatório
de cirurgia de cura de aneurisma de artéria poplítea trombosado, oclusões
femoro-popliteas longas em artérias patológicas.&lt;/span&gt; Pode ser realizada
também a tromboaspiração com fibrolíticos, que consiste na aspiração do trombo
simultânea a administração de fibrolíticos no local.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pode ser usada também a angioplastia balão com
cateter de extrato de trombo. É um método simples e de fácil execução em que o
balão é insuflado e desinflado permitindo retirada do trombo e dilatação do
vaso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A mortalidade global é de 4-35% (60% por
insuficiência cardiovascular). A mortalidade de membros inferiores é de 17-41%
e de membros superiores de 7-25%. O salvamento de membros inferiores é de cerca
de 60-90% e de mebros superiores 90-100%. A amputação de membros gira em torno
de 5-30%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os fatores associados aos maus prognósticos das
isquemias agudas de extremidades são: cardiopatia associada, existência de
lesões ateromatosas difusas, retardo no diagnostico e na terapêutica, recidiva
embólica, embolias múltiplas e associação com embolias viscerais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Indicações para intervenções nas estenoses de artérias
ilíacas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tratamento de sintomas: claudicação, dor em repouso
e disfunção erétil (Síndrome de Leriche);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Prevenção de novos episódios de
arterioembolismo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Acesso para procedimentos cardíacos ou inserção
de BIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;TÉCNICA:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Via retrograda (passado para restaurar o fluxo
na artéria acometida)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Via anterógrada (a passagem na artéria femoral
profunda geralmente retira qualquer trombo impacto e restaura o fluxo
retrográdo)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Guia hirofilíco 0,035 soft ou stiff tip (é uma
alternativa que utiliza um fluoroscópico, que facilita a cateterização seletiva
dos vasos distais).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Insuflação de balão (pré-dilatação, o balão faz
uma dissecção do vaso)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Colocação de stent (pode ser farmacológico e não
farmacológico, mantêm a patência do vaso, sendo que o farmacológico causa menos
reestenose)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 20.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Angioplastia no segmento femoro-poplíteo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 20.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Indicações
para intervenção:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 56.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Claudicação importante mesmo após tratamento
clínico;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 56.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Isquemia critica dos membros inferiores;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 56.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Perda tecidual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A artéria femoral superficial é a maior artéria do
corpo e é rodeada por dois pontos de flexão e torção, isso porque sua porção
distal mergulha através de um grande grupo muscular. Por isso, abaixo da tibial
a patência é muito baixa e o balão então só será&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;_GoBack&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; usado em
casos de obstruções muito criticas. Um estudo mostrou que a angioplastia
fêmoro-poplítea seguida de implante do stent, as características anatômicas e
mecânicas locais parecem predispor esse território em especial à hiperplasia
intimal, sendo este o principal fator responsável pelos baixos índices de
perviedade obtidos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Derivação cirúrgica com enxerto Bypass&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A cirurgia de ponte (by-pass) tem o objetivo de
tratar artérias que apresentam estreitamentos, através da criação de um desvio,
ou ponte, permite que o sangue circule em torno de áreas bloqueadas. Esse
desvio é construído utilizando um enxerto, que pode ser feito de material
sintético, ou então de parte de outra veia do paciente, normalmente uma veia da
perna. A escolha ideal do material de enxerto depende da localização anatômica,
do tamanho e do meio hemodinâmico da revascularização. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O enxerto deve ser resistente tanto a trombose quanto
á infecção e, de forma ideal, dever ser totalmente incorporado pelo corpo, como
um novo vaso, se assemelhando a uma artéria nativa em estrutura e função. Os
enxertos sintéticos são mais eficientes quando usados em artérias de grande
calibre e os autógenos são principalmente usados em vasos de pequeno calibre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Bypass
infrainguinal com uso de enxerto autógeno tem patência em 5 anos de 65-75% nos
primários e&amp;nbsp; de 75-85% nos secundários. A
mortalidade em 30 dia é de 1-3% e a morbidade de 15-40%. Bypass infrainguinal
com uso de enxerto sintético, no segmento femoral-polpíteo, tem patência em 5
anos de 40-60%&amp;nbsp; e, no seguimento
femoro-tibial, em 5 anos a patência é de 10-25%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As principais complicações são a oclusão e infecção
dos enxertos. O enxerto infectado de modo geral deve ser ressecado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Impante de Stent&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
angioplastia é um procedimento terapêutico minimamente invasisvo. Um pequeno
balão, integrado a um cateter, é guiado ate a artéria comprometida e inflado e
desinflado para comprimir a placa de aterosclerose contra a parede arterial,
desobstruindo o vaso. Em alguns casos, um pequeno tubo feito de uma malha de metal
(stent) é posicionado na artéria para mantê-la aberta e, assim garantir um
fluxo desobstruído. O procedimento normalmente é realizado sob anestesia local,
mediante uma punção na virilha ou no braço. Por essa punção, um cateter é
inserido na circulação e guiado ate a área tratada com auxilio da imagem de
raio X. O balão usado na angioplastia fica localizado na ponta do cateter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sua
vantagem é o alto índice de sucesso (aproximadamente 100%) após ultrapassagem
com fio guia. Esta técnica previne a retração elástica, dissecção e estenose
residual. A desvantagem é o risco de reestenose do stent que pode ser
ocasionado pela hiperplasia intimal ou por fraturas. Tem patência primária
maior que da angioplastia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Na
revascularização da artérias femorais, a terapia endovascular dever ser
realizada antes do by-pass, uma vez que o procedimento é bem tolerado e com
baixas taxas de complicação. Para lesões curtas dar preferencia para o uso de
balão, e para lesões longas dar preferencia aos stents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Angioplastia infra-poplítea&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É uma
intervenção que esta em franca expansão. Utilizada em pacientes mais
sintomáticos que tem incapacidade para deambular ou ulceras não
cicatrizantes/gangrena.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Indicações:
salvamento de membro, candidatos ruins para a cirurgia. Com o avanço da tecnologia
houve expansão das indicações sendo utilizada para o tratamento da isquemia
critica e para evitar amputações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;TECNICA:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Utiliza
balões longos e stents auto-expansíveis (são stents acoplados a ponta de um
cateter sem balão, que ao ser posicionado no local da lesão, libera o stent e
este se auto-expande). Os stents são farmacológicos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Doença obstrutiva da artéria subclávia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ela
pode ser causada por aterosclerose, arterite de takayasu (doença inflamatória
crônica das artérias), outras arterites, displasia fibromuscular e
radioterapia. Se manifesta clinicamente com claudicação do braço, síndrome do
roubo vertebro subclávia (refere-se a uma desordem vascular na qual ocorre
inversão do ﬂuxo de sangue da artéria vertebral ipsilateral, distalmente a uma
estenose, oclusão da artéria subclávia proximal ou, mais raramente, do tronco
braquicefálico) e síndrome do roubo vertebro coronário ( é causado pelo fluxo
reverso e descendente pela artéria vertebral originado por oclusao ou estenose
na artéria subclávia contra-lateral, os sintomas mais comuns são tonturas e
síncope).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;TECNICA: é feito o acesso femoral ou braquial (radial), um
fio guia hifrofilico é passado, faz-se então uma pré-dilatação com o balão e
coloca-se o stent.&amp;nbsp; As complicações podem
ser estenoses e oclusões, mas são raras.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX1sEm0tq6DF54vWL87xRdki0eXPxM3gDpOFMBBvTz2SpRjsGD8SNE5fm39MRKnOwjCyFHbbRX8FqMGDvbsEVUwypsdSxSMaR29sLBM8X_9A780rGX71MfAR9XA-S6yVohkXThm54EcnjR/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX1sEm0tq6DF54vWL87xRdki0eXPxM3gDpOFMBBvTz2SpRjsGD8SNE5fm39MRKnOwjCyFHbbRX8FqMGDvbsEVUwypsdSxSMaR29sLBM8X_9A780rGX71MfAR9XA-S6yVohkXThm54EcnjR/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;258&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/2258583801811762258/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/obstrucao-arterial.html#comment-form' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/2258583801811762258'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/2258583801811762258'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/obstrucao-arterial.html' title='Obstrução arterial'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqF3PKPsFUHuYsxwQciX3WF1hHJdfY1FgU2IUZbA_9koPYKQG0TN5938MRPbpOx-EycVzBbPaWlZWcQg4IOUBWolR77YDTVJitXv4rFOpx5PJSTSYFkhbLkoTBHgjtoc0GMO69TOBn6ZdY/s72-c/boleto+thais.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-8464901395129060086</id><published>2014-10-12T15:11:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2014-10-12T15:11:22.536-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Diagnóstico diferencial da dor abdominal na infância</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diagnóstico diferencial da dor abdominal na infância&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A dor abdominal na infância&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Queixa muito
comum na infância. Corresponde a 5-10% dos atendimentos de emergência em
pediatria. Associada a diversas doenças. É importante seu entendimento, pois RN
e lactentes jovens não localizam a dor e exteriorizam essa por meio do choro e
de gritos, inquietação, gemido, flexão dos membros inferiores sobre o abdome,
irritabilidade e expressões faciais de desconforto.&amp;nbsp; Os pré escolares apresentam dificuldade de
caracteriza-la (se é em cólica, surda ou contritiva). Problemas localizados em
outras áreas, particularmente os respiratórios, podem vir acompanhados de dor
abdominal. É um sintoma decorrente de um grande numero de causas que pode
sinalizar para presenças de problemas cirúrgicos e urgentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Classificação:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Em relação ao tipo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Orgânica: dor devido a uma causa estrutural.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Funcional: dor sem causa estrutural.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Em relação ao tempo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aguda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Crônica e recorrente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Em relação à intensidade:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Auto-avaliação: escala de dor;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Comportamental: sono, caretas, atividades;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Biológicas: FC, FR e sudorese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Anamnese:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Deve-se responder as seguintes
perguntas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;A
criança parece grave?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Avaliar o estado
geral, a atividade e o comportamento da criança.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Qual
é a idade da criança?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Há maior frequência
se determinadas doenças em certos períodos da infância:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-RN: vômitos
irritabilidade, dificuldade de mamar (o bebe não esta bem).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-Invaginação
intestinal é mais comum em lactentes (intuscepção)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-Apendicite em
escolares e adolescentes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Quadro causas
conforme a idade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2gCWmZRsBQxeCG5XNkGu-iCcgsCzr87aYUmujaKw35BaDXDpQTBGVGCuefiypEJEm3YZOyak7ngxrpHYj23rzP0m8DUA8H88YcWk5IGpSXsvsc0ezhc4fC53OCxJ2N_kSsCaLU77DibPf/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2gCWmZRsBQxeCG5XNkGu-iCcgsCzr87aYUmujaKw35BaDXDpQTBGVGCuefiypEJEm3YZOyak7ngxrpHYj23rzP0m8DUA8H88YcWk5IGpSXsvsc0ezhc4fC53OCxJ2N_kSsCaLU77DibPf/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;3-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Há
quanto tempo começou?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Causas de dor&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;aguda&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Cólica idiopática do lactente (para ter certeza
que é cólica usar a regra dos três 3: dura pelo menos 3 hs, ocorre pelo menos 3
vezes na semana e ocorre por 3 meses. Lembrar nessa idade a presença de vômito
pode indicar estenose hipertrófica do piloro);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Gastroenterite (diarreia aguda): excluída a
cólica no lactentes pensar nessa causa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;“Super Alimentação” (não acontece com bebes que
só mamam);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Torção testicular;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hérnia encarcerada e invaginação intestinal
(comum entre lactentes entre 3 meses e 2 anos de idade, são cólicas abdominais intensas,
de inicio súbito e de curta duração, que após algumas horas evolui para
eliminação de muco e sangue e as vezes fezes semelhantes a geleia de groselha);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;Apendicite : dor inicialmente periumbilical,
do tipo cólica, que posteriormente se desloca para a fossa ilíaca direita e
geralmente vem acompanhada de vômitos. O paciente tem febre baixa e a dor é
agravada por deambulação e tosse. Geralmente há presença de leucocitose com
desvio a esquerda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;Hepatite;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;Cólica
menstrual;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;Púrpura
de Henoch-Shoniein (pode gerar crises dolorosas abdominais);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pneumonia
de base (em RN e lactentes jovens pneumonia por clamydia pode não dar febre nem
alteração em ausculta, o sinal físico mais importante em pneumonia é a
taquipnènia), crise falcêmica, parasitose intestinal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Causas de dor crônica:&lt;/i&gt; difere da dor
aguda por não se tratar de uma emergência cirúrgica. Dor abdominal recorrente
funcional, infecções parasitarias, enxaqueca abdominal são alguns exemplos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.8pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;.OBS:
hipóteses de causas de cólica: alergias alimentares (alimentação da mãe:
alergia ao leite de vaca, alergia a leite de soja, peixes e ovos- só suspende a
alimentação da mãe se na família tem historia alergia desses alimentos, pode-se
então fazer o teste de provocamento), ansiedade da mãe, imaturidade do sistema
digestório da criança.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.8pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Causas de cor
crônica:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_EqGFcWLkabKaKv3thWapQaKssdiehsbtEZlGV-GWtaju9L59SQcNx1h2M4lCbVz64tPhRge6Xmba-xYFReHDG7t7vMAqPXeId3A-2GR-04W46JNZziZoZlBwYjJdgAWv5DJdz8SNXee4/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_EqGFcWLkabKaKv3thWapQaKssdiehsbtEZlGV-GWtaju9L59SQcNx1h2M4lCbVz64tPhRge6Xmba-xYFReHDG7t7vMAqPXeId3A-2GR-04W46JNZziZoZlBwYjJdgAWv5DJdz8SNXee4/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;305&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;4-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Como
começou a dor?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Durante uma
brincadeira, após trauma, sempre que a criança vai para escola, após morte de
um ente querido?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;5-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Como
é a evolução?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-Localizada há 6
hs na região periumbilical e na ultima hora esta localizada na fossa ilíaca
direita- pensar em apendicite;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-tem inicio
súbito com forte intensidade, dura poucos segundos ou minutos. Há intervalo
assintomático de aproximadamente 20 minutos – quadro clássico de invaginação
intestinal (principalmente na junção do intestino delgado com o grosso).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;6-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Qual
a localização? Saber as estruturas que estão em cada região.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;7-&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Qual
tipo de dor?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dor visceral&lt;/i&gt;: é mal localizada e
geralmente definida como de posição central no abdome. Criança apresenta-se
inquieta e movimentando-se frequentemente. Pode ser causada por tensão,
esmagamento ou distensão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ocas: esmagamento e distensão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Solidas: distensão/tensão da capsula&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É mal localizada:
epigástrio, periumbilical, suprapúbica. É descrita como uma dor em cólica,
queimor, peso ou constrição. Melhora com a flexão do tronco e piora com
apalpação, movimentação ou tração. Pode ser acompanhada de sudorese,
inquietação e náuseas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Dor parietal:&lt;/i&gt; localização mais precisa,
refere-se a doenças intra-abdominais e piora com a movimentação, tosse e
aumento da pressão intrabdominal e manifesta-se como contratura muscular.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Dor referida&lt;/i&gt;: é aquela sentida em local
diverso do órgão acometido, mas que tem com ele invervação comum. Fibras
aferentes sensitivas autônomicas e SNC no tegumento corpóreo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;8- Como parece ser a intensidade de dor? &amp;nbsp;Como as crianças tem dificuldade de
caracterizar a dor a intensidade pode ser vista por alguns sinais como: Palidez,
sudorese, perda de interesse nas atividades, ausência de melhora com o uso de
analgésicos e escala de dor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;9- Há sintomas associados? quais? Febre,
vômitos, habito intestinal, disúria, icterícia, equimoses (pensar em purpura), hematúria.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Sinais de
alerta que demostram grau de urgência terapêutica na dor abdominal são: dor
aguda de inicio súbito e inesperado, dor intensa de duração superior a 3hs, dor
acompanhada de eliminação de fezes e gases, dor associada a alterações na eliminação
ou aspecto da urina, distensão abdominal evidente, presença de vômitos
importantes, diarreia aquosa abundante, comprometimento progressivo do estado
geral, relato de dor a palpação do abdome, relato de massa palpável.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Exame
físico&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Deve ser completo
com atenção especial para o abdome. O exame do abdome será composto de
inspeção, ausculta, percussão e palpação:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Inspeção:&lt;/i&gt;
movimento respiratório (ate 6 anos padrão abdominal), distensão abdominal
(globoso ate 2 anos é normal), cicatrizes cirúrgicas, hérnia (a umbilical é
assintomática), peristaltismo intestinal visivel (de luta-pensar em obstrução
intestinal), postura (postura antálgica: posição de flexão da coxa sobre o
abdome pode sugerir psoíte)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: benzoar: ingestão de
substâncias que não são liquidas (ex: tricobenzoar- criança que come cabelo).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ausculta&lt;/i&gt;:
peristaltismo (presente, se sim ele esta aumentado ou diminuído- pelo menos 1
ruído em 2 minutos, ou ausente ). Considera-se peristaltismo ausente após
ausculta de 3 minutos. O peristaltismo esta aumentado nas diarreias e a
maontante das obstruções intestinais (peristaltismo de luta). Estão diminuídos
ou ausentes no íleo paralítico, assim como processos irritativos do peritoneo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Percussão&lt;/i&gt;:
permite avaliar a sensibilidade (identificação de pontos dolorosos), presença
de timpanismo, macicez (objetivo da percussão é orientar a palpação profunda)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Sinal de jobert: presença de
timpanismo na região da linha hemiclavicular direita onde normalmente se
encontra a macicez hepática, caracterizando um pneumoperitonêo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: peristaltismo diminuído:
ocorre na peritonite e em distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Palpação:&lt;/i&gt;
permite identificar áreas de sensibilidade, defesa/contratura, visceromegalias,
massas (tumores abdominais na infância: feocromocitoma, linfomas, tumores
renais, tumores de anexo em meninas) orifícios herniários (diástase da
musculatura do reto abdominal leva a elevação homogênea que não deve ser
confundida com hérnia).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A manobra de
descompressão súbita positiva indica irritação peritoneal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Toque
retal&lt;/i&gt;: suspeita de processos intra-abdominais (faz-se em RN que não elimina
mecônico nas primeiras 24hs em caso de parto normal e 48hs em caso de cesárea,
o toque pode estimular a liberação, mal formações também podem ser
identificadas). Utilizar o dedo mínimo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Qual é o exame diagnostico mais
importante em casos de dor abdominal quando o diagnostico é duvidoso?&amp;nbsp; Exame físico seriado do paciente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exames complementares&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Solicitados de acordo com a
suspeita clínica:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-hemograma (anemias, leucocitoses);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;- VHS;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-transaminases;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-exame de urina;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-pesquisa de drepanócitos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-raio X de abdome;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-raio X torácico (duvida da
presença de doença pleuropulmonar);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-US abdominal ou pélvico;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-TC de abdome;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os dados complementares devem ser
analisados em função do quadro clínico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: vermes que tem ciclo
pulmonar NASA (necator, ancilostoma, estrongiloídes e áscaris)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Na conduta é importante julgar se
o caso é ou não cirúrgico ou se há duvida e o paciente precisa ser mantido em
observação. Deve-se evitar o uso de medicamentos antes de ter um diagnóstico
provável. Sintomáticos podem ser empregados conforme a necessidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Dor abdominal recorrente da infância&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É a dor que
interfere de modo discreto ou importante nas atividades cotidianas da criança e
se manifesta em episódios recorrentes (pelo menos 1 por mês durante no mínimo 3
meses, com prevalência entre 5 e 15 anos de idade). Ocorrência de 3 ou mais
ataque de dor no abdome, em período superior a 2 meses. A dor é
caracteristicamente periumbilical, aparece qualquer hora do dia, não apresenta
relação com a alimentação ou atividades e raramente se manifesta durante o
sono, acordando a criança. Caracteristicamente estas crianças tendem a ser
introspectivas e ansiosas. É a principal causa de dor crônica entre 4 e 16 anos.
O exame físico apresenta-se normal, mesmo durante as crises, exceto pela
presença de sintomas vagais (palidez) e o curso é benigno.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Do nascimento
até a adolescência ocorrem síndromes dolorosas. Essas queixas de dor acometem
número considerável de crianças, causando sofrimento delas e de seus familares,
além de demandar gastos sociais. No primeiro ano predominam as cólicas, nos
pré-escolares as “dores de crescimento”, entre os 4 e 12 anos as dores
abdominais, e nos adolescentes as cefaléias. Novas causas orgânicas para a dor
abdominal recorrente (DAR) têm sido identificadas. As informações da motricidade
do tubo digestivo na infância começam a crescer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Está
estabelecido que a dor tem um componente nociceptivo (estruturas nervosas para
receber e transmitir a dor) e um componente emocional (estado mental), ambos
influencia- dos pela genética, experiências individuais e ambiente cultural.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Classificação:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-causa orgânica (5-10%);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;- causa funcional (90-95%): não
se estabelece uma causa anatômica, infecciosa, inflamatória não infecciosa ou
bioquímica para a dor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Esses
episódios devem ser graves o suficiente para interromper as atividades
cotidianas. O paciente mantém-se assintomático entre as crises dolorosas. É um
diagnóstico de exclusão baseado em história clínica detalhada, exame físico
aprimorado e poucos testes laboratoriais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pode manifestar-se
com: paroxismos isolados de dor periumbilical, dor no abdome com dispepsia e
dor abdominal com disfunção do tubo digestivo. Sinais e sintomas de dispepsia
incluem náusea, vômito, regurgitação, pirose, saciedade precoce, soluços e
desconforto abdominal. As manifestações de disfunção do tubo digestivo incluem
diarréia, constipação e sensação de evacuação incompleta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Etiologia:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;Tende a ser
considerada como uma entidade em que as causas psicogênicas são as principais
responsáveis, enquanto as causas orgânicas representam uma parcela menor,
variável segundo as características da população.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-predisposição genética;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-disfunção do
SNA (presença de cefaléia, palidez e vertigem);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-o estresse;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-processo inflamatório do tubo
digestivo (encontra-se em todo o tubo digestivo das crianças com DARF processo
inflamatório discreto e inespecífico, causa ou conseqüência da motilidade intestinal
alterada. Esta inflamação afeta funções endócrinas e neurais que influenciam
processos imunológicos.);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As alterações
psíquicas não são causas primárias da DARF, porém, evidentemente, os processos
emocionais funcionam como gatilhos da dor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fatores desencadeantes:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-Fatores ambientais: ansiedade da
criança frente a falsos gatinhos de dor (alimentos, condições ambientais e atividades
cotidianas) devido ao pouco conhecimento sobre a dor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-Fatores comportamentais: geralmente
os pais não sabem como lidar com a dor. Eles respondem de maneira ambígua a
crise dolorosa. Algumas vezes dispensam grandes cuidados físicos e emocionais,
em outros episódios sugerem que o paciente seja o único responsável no manejo
da dor. A criança entende que as manifestações dolorosas devem ser comunicadas
com atitudes exageradas para receber um melhor suporte parental. Este
comportamento mantém a dor. Os pais também encorajam o filho, após as crises, a
não ir à escola, repousar, evitar atividades físicas estressantes, não cumprir
compromissos sociais e não fazer atividades desagradáveis. Dispensam-no das
responsabilidades familiares. Ocorrem, portanto, ganhos secundários que iniciam
ou prolongam o processo doloroso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-fatores emocionais: A dor de
repetição é de natureza aversiva, causando estresse prolongado na família e no
paciente. A criança torna-se ansiosa, medrosa, frustrada, irada, triste e
deprimi- da. Essas emoções exacerbam o estresse que inicia ou mantém a dor,
criando um círculo vicioso: dor - estresse emocional - dor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Se
inicia na primeira consulta e tem os seguintes objetivos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;esclarecer os pais quanto a autencidade da dor,
não de trata de uma simulação;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;introduzir o conceito de doença funcional;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;explicar o possível papel da alteração de
motilidade do tubo digestivo e da sensibilidade visceral na gênese da dor; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;orientar sobre a relação entre sistema nervoso
central, motilidade e sensibilidade intestinais; o comportamento doloroso deve
ser explicado na perspectiva de um aprendizado social; e) mostrar a benignidade
da DARF; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;tranqüilizar familiares e a criança quanto à
possibilidade de doenças orgânicas graves;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;introduzir o conceito de gatilho no
desencadeamento das crises nas doenças funcionais;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;diagnosticar possíveis fatores do comportamento
da criança que desencadeiam ou pioram o quadro doloroso;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;abolir os ganhos secundários da dor recorrente
como mimos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;aconselhar os pais a ignorar comportamentos
dolorosos não verbais e redirecionar a criança para uma atividade, quando
houver um comunicado verbal da dor;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;garantir que a vida do paciente seja normal (As
atividades só serão interrompidas no momento da crise);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;ensinar ao paciente técnicas que diminuam a
intensidade da dor durante as crises, desviando a atenção da percepção
dolorosa, como assoviar, cantar, pular, correr, estalar os dedos, contar ou
fazer cálculos matemáticos com o pensamento;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;elucidar o que são sinais de alerta, mostrando a
importância da comunicação imediata com o médico quando forem observados;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A criança deve fazer consultas periódicas, principal- mente nos
primeiros 6 meses, para que sejam reforçados e esclarecidos os conceitos de
DARF e as maneiras de lidar com a dor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O tratamento psiquiátrico só está indicado quando a criança
internalizar de forma extrema o comportamento doloroso (depressão, ansiedade e
baixa autoestima, ou quando verificados sintomas de conversão), não conseguir
levar uma vida normal apesar de terem sido retirados os fatores danosos do
ambiente, ou a família não conseguir lidar com o processo doloroso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O uso contínuo de medicação (anticolinérgicos, antiespasmódicos,
anticonvulsivantes) no tratamento da DARF não foi comprovado como benéfico, ao
contrário, irá manter o comportamento doloroso. Drogas em crianças com DARF
reforçam o estado de hipocondria e a dependência medicamentosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/8464901395129060086/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/diagnostico-diferencial-da-dor.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/8464901395129060086'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/8464901395129060086'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/diagnostico-diferencial-da-dor.html' title='Diagnóstico diferencial da dor abdominal na infância'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2gCWmZRsBQxeCG5XNkGu-iCcgsCzr87aYUmujaKw35BaDXDpQTBGVGCuefiypEJEm3YZOyak7ngxrpHYj23rzP0m8DUA8H88YcWk5IGpSXsvsc0ezhc4fC53OCxJ2N_kSsCaLU77DibPf/s72-c/boleto+thais.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-4243011058671348076</id><published>2014-10-12T15:05:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2014-10-12T15:05:19.727-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Abordagem da criança com febre, tosse e vômito</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Abordagem da criança
com febre, tosse e vômito&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyl417CoPBWwnw-od3RzVybZQIVY5D1uZPQrd18iqAdaZPy9L4ytrXgeJt-6rCHPgUxPkj0m5hOk1bEnYfy3wodA0CotAOSlQy3-rDpaUl_HNiESbcRdQqGVvTcDWATMKfQUaMha7nt0Zu/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyl417CoPBWwnw-od3RzVybZQIVY5D1uZPQrd18iqAdaZPy9L4ytrXgeJt-6rCHPgUxPkj0m5hOk1bEnYfy3wodA0CotAOSlQy3-rDpaUl_HNiESbcRdQqGVvTcDWATMKfQUaMha7nt0Zu/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Febre &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É
um dos sintomas mais frequentes na pratica pediátrica, sendo responsável por
cerca de 30 % das consultas de urgência no ambulatorio. É frequentemente a
primeira manifestação de doença na criança. Antes de falar da febre
propriamente dita é necessário diferenciar febre de hipertermia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l16 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Febre: Elevação anormal da temperatura corporal
mediada pelo mecanismo termorregulador (centro estabilizador programa a
temperatura&amp;nbsp; para um nível mais alto que
o normal).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l16 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hipertermia: Aumento de temperatura corpórea não
associado ao mecanismo termorregulador. (ex: atividade física, insolação,
des&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;idratação,etc). Ocorre devido a um desequilíbrio entre sua produção de calor
e sua dissipação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O centro
termorregulador esta localizado na área pré-óptica do hipotálamo anterior, que
coordena as funções do organismo relacionadas com a produção ou perda de calor,
a fim de manter a temperatura interna dentro dos limites desejáveis. Esse
termorregulador possui uma região de sensibilidade térmica, o termostato, uma
região de estabilização térmica e duas regiões efetoras, uma de produção e
outra de perda de calor. O termostato mede a temperatura corporal e transmite
essa para o ponto estabilizador que ajusta as regiões efetoras para produção ou
perda de calor. A produção de calor depende do metabolismo de carboidratos, proteínas,
gorduras e da atividade física. A perda de calor se faz por evaporação (via
respiratória, pulmão e suor) e radiação (transferência de calor, controladas
pela vasoconstrição ou vasodilatação, principalmente de extremidades).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Temperatura normal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;“Não existe
acordo sobre os limites da temperatura corporal normal e, portanto, sobre qual
nível deve ser tomado como referência para se definir a presença de febre em um
indivíduo em particular”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O homem mantém
sua temperatura interna quase constante, variando de 0,5 á 1º C durante suas
atividades diárias. A temperatura corporal sofre influencia da idade, do sexo,
estado de nutrição e hidratação, atividade física, alimentação, hora do dia,
temperatura ambiental, emoção, vestuário, entre outros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Em RNs o
mecanismo de termorregulação ainda é imaturo e por isso esta sujeito a amplas
alterações de temperatura em respostas aos diferentes estímulos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A temperatura
varria durante o dia sendo mais baixa pela manhã e mais alta á noite. Os
valores da temperatura corporal considerados normais variam amplamente na
literatura:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l13 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Axilar: 36,5 a 37,5º C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l13 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Retal, oral e timpânica: acrescentar 0,5º C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Silvestrini, 2007 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Axilar: 35,7 a 36,9 ºc &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Retal: 36,3 a 38,2ºc &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Oral: 36,0 a 37,6&amp;nbsp; ºc&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Barros Barroset al, 1999 et al, 1999&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Os valores considerados anormais são: Oral
maior que 37,8°C ou retal maior que 38,3°C, e axilar maior que 37,3°C. A
temperatura axilar é em media 0,3 inferior a oral e 0,5 inferior a retal,
devido a vasoconstrição cutânea. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Importância da febre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
febre constitui um mecanismo adaptativo de beneficio para o organismo,
estimulando o sistema imune e preservando a integridade da membrana celular. &amp;nbsp;Ela ocasiona as seguintes ações no organismo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aceleração da quimiotaxia de neutrófilos da
secreção de substâncias antibacterianas (peróxidos, superóxidos, lisozima e
lactoferrina lactoferrina); OBS: a lactoferrina se liga ao ferro, impedindo que
esse se ligue a bactéria.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aumento da produção e das ações antiviral e
antitumoral dos interferons; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Estimulação das fases de reconhecimento e
sensibilização da resposta imunológica, o que permite interação mais forte
entre macrófagos e linfócitos T e maior proliferação desses últimos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Diminuição da disponibilidade de ferro, a qual
limita a proliferação bacteriana e de alguns tumores;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Inibição da atividade de patógenos como
Streptococos pneumoniae;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Melhor desfecho de pacientes com doenças
infecciosas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;“pequenas elevações da
temperatura corporal, semelhantes às observadas durante a resposta febril,
potencializa a defesa do organismo contra agentes infecciosos e células neoplásicas.”
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Riscos da febre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A febre pode
gerar efeitos desagradáveis no nosso organismo como:&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Manifestações desagradáveis (sonolência,
astenia, mialgia, artralgia, cefaléia, anorexia). A febre gera vasodilatação e
isso pode gerar cefaleia;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Desidratação (perdas de 300-500 ml/m2 para cada
1ºC acima de 37ºC para adultos);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Convulsões em crianças (não se trata de uma
epilepsia, ocorre apenas entre 6 meses e 6 anos, não deixa sequelas, dura
segundos e cerca de 1/3 das crianças que apresentaram um episodio podem
apresentar outro);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aumento do metabolismo basal (13% de elevação do
consumo de oxigênio para cada 1ºC acima de 37ºC), levando ao agravamento de
cardiopatias, pneumopatias e encefalopatias pré-existentes;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aumento do consumo de plaquetas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Classificação da febre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A febre pode
ser classificada de diversas formas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A) De acordo
com a duração: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aguda: Doenças agudas (infecções agudas)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Crônica: Sugere neoplasias, doenças autoimunes
ou infecções crônicas (osteomielite, infecção urinária)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;B) De acordo
com a frequência:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Febre contínua - A temperatura permanece sempre
acima do normal, com variações de até 1°C, sem grandes altera alterações.
Exemplo: febre tifoide;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Febre remitente – quando as oscilações são
superiores á 1º C, porém a mínima não atinge níveis normais. É o padrão mais
comum de febre, ocorrendo na maioria das infecções viróticas e bacterianas.
Exemplos: septicemia, pneumonias e tuberculose&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Febre intermitente – ocorre quando se alternam
períodos piréticos e apiréticos, isto é, a temperatura volta ao normal uma ou
mais vezes por dia. Muitas vezes, apresenta uma variação diurna constante,
sendo menor na parte da manhã e maior na parte da tarde. Ela pode ser: cotidiana
(manhã/tarde), terçã (um dia) ou quartã (dois dias). Causas: malária, infecções
urinárias, linfomas e septicemias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Febre irregular - Picos muito altos intercalados
por temperaturas baixas ou apirexia, sem qualquer caráter cíclico. Exemplos:
septicemia, abscessos pulmonares, empiema vesicular, TB, fase inicial da malária).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Aferição da temperatura&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Existem
vários tipos de termômetro para uso clinico. Podem ser o de mercúrio, o digital
(evita-se usá-lo devido a risco de bateria fraca), o cutâneo e o timpânico
(mede a temperatura em 3s). Os locais que podem ser usados para a medição são:
oral, axilar, retal, cutâneo, auricular e cateter em artéria pulmonar no caso
de UTIs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Valores médios de temperatura,
oral, axilar e timpânica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDXzNicoBy3mSrUKlfznnnTM_DIf0GI72W_yF2Bqn9QJ7qM5xvXzFaD4iy3Cp53HtaNDNAryK93p07hpWbIQkGwuPJTtcP0e_tb0XQQb3XeRJyoDS5qbl-dqPNsJfF3Apjjpnu3QbftYI2/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDXzNicoBy3mSrUKlfznnnTM_DIf0GI72W_yF2Bqn9QJ7qM5xvXzFaD4iy3Cp53HtaNDNAryK93p07hpWbIQkGwuPJTtcP0e_tb0XQQb3XeRJyoDS5qbl-dqPNsJfF3Apjjpnu3QbftYI2/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;197&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O termômetro
deve ser limpo antes da medição com solução antisséptica de álcool absoluto ou
iodado. No caso da medição da temperatura axilar deve-se assegurar que esteja
em contato com a dobra cutânea. Em caso de temperatura oral, deve-se garantir
que o paciente fique com a boca fechada.&amp;nbsp;
O tempo de medição deve ser de 3 á 5 minutos para a temperatura axila e
1 minuto para oral ou retal. OBS: febres durante a gravidez podem ocasionar lesões
no esmalte do dente de RNs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Curva térmica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
estudo das curvas térmicas já não tem atualmente tanta importância, isso
ocorreu principalmente devido ao uso de antitérmicos. Além disso, a curva
térmica tem um caráter inespecífico apesar de ainda ser útil em algumas
situações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;“Se não houver sinais de
localização , a análise da temperatura e o padrão da curva assumem importância
clínica para o diagnóstico”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Causas de febre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Infecções&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Neoplasias &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Doenças do tecido conjuntivo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Traumatismos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Doenças metabólicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Febre no pós operatório&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Induzida por drogas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Psicogênica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É importante
lembrar que erupção dentaria não causa febre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Abordagem clínica da febre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;“O modo do início,
abrupto a aparência do doente, a magnitude, o padrão da febre e as
manifestações associadas frequentemente levam às causas da febre”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A febre é apenas um sinal, que
isoladamente não permite diferenciar uma doença benigna e autolimitada de outra
potencialmente grave. Mas dados como idade, duração e grau de temperatura,
sinais e sintomas associados, e principalmente, sinais de toxemia ou
acometimento de diversos órgãos auxiliam na descoberta da etiologia da febre. A
anamnese deve conter:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Idade:
deve-se tomar cuidado com RNs com sepse, porque podem apresentar hipotermia ou
ausência de febre devido a imaturidade do seu centro termostático.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;história
da moléstia atual: medir a febre, determinar sua frequência, duração, presença
de calafrios, sudorese. A febre deve ser bem caracterizada na anamnese.
Pesquisar sobre sinais e sintomas associados, uso de medicamentos (prescritos
ou usado por automedicação)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;3)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Investigação
sobre diversos aparelhos: Comorbidades que gerem imunossupressão e uso de
cateteres e próteses que podem funcionar como porta de entrada para MOs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;4)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia
obstétrica: é muito importante em caso de RNs, deve-se investigar infecções
ocorridas durante o pré-natal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;5)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia
pregressa: cirurgia recente, hospitalização recente, hospitalização e doenças
crônicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;6)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia
familiar: doenças infecciosas, autoimunes e neoplasias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;7)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia
social: contato com indivíduos adoecidos, viagens recentes, hábitos de vida
(uso de drogas ilícitas, atividade sexual), fatores ambientais (presença de
doenças ocupacionais no ambiente de trabalho, presença de animais no domicilio,
lazeres, como locais com água parada)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O exame físico
do paciente febril deve ser completo, com especial atenção para o órgão que
indicam a localização da doença. Na ectoscopia deve-se olhar a aparência geral,
principalmente durante o período afebril (presença de astenia em períodos não
febris é indicativo de gravidade da doença). O aspecto geral é um componente
vital na avaliação da criança. Uma criança toxemiada encontra-se letárgica,
irritada, inapetente, pouco responsiva, podendo apresentar ate sinais de
choque. Faz-se então o exame cuidadoso de cada sistema:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aparelho cardio-vascular: sopros, FC, PA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aparelho Respirátorio: ausculta pulmonar, FR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;SNC: consciência, meningismo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pele: palidez, petéquias, vesículas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aparelho Digestivo: visceromegalia, ascite,
massas abdominais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aparelho locomotor: mobilidade e dor em articulações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Métodos complementares de diagnostico&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;São solicitados conforme suspeita clínica. São
os seguintes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hemograma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;PCR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Urina rotina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Cultura de sangue, líquor, urina, secreções &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sorologia para doenças infecciosas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Métodos de imagem: RX&amp;nbsp; tórax, seios da face, ultrassonografia,
ecocardiografia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As crianças febris podem ser distribuídas em 3 categorias: febres com
sinais de localização (anamnese e exame físico são suficientes para estabelecer
o diagnostico, geralmente são de etiologia viral), febre recente, sem sinais de
localização (geralmente ocorre em RNs e lactentes jovens, com temperatura
axilar &amp;gt;39,4º C, leucócitos &amp;gt;15.000, VHS &amp;gt; 30mm/h, PCR&amp;gt; 40mg/dl, é
comum convulsão febril, presença de pétequias, pacientes imunocomprometidos e
cardiopatas) e febre de origem indeterminada ( é definida como temperatura ≥38º
C, documentada em varias ocasiões, persistindo por mais de 3 semanas e com diagnostico
incerto após uma semana de investigação hospitalar; suas principais causas na
criança são doença infecciosa, auto-imune, neoplasias e causa indeterminada).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento da&amp;nbsp; febre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Deve-se
sempre tratar a causa base. Tratar a febre sintomaticamente ainda é uma questão
controversa. Nem sempre há necessidade de tratar a febre, mas ela deve ser
tratada nas seguintes situações:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Temperatura axilar &amp;gt;38º C em crianças em
tratamento ambulatorial e 38,5º C nas crianças hospitalizadas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Crianças com antecedentes pessoais ou familiares
de convulsão;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Crianças de alto risco : cardiopatas (a febre
pode gerar uma sobrecarga cardiovascular exacerbando ou gerando uma
insuficiência cardíaca),pneumopatas crônicos, falcêmico (risco de
descompensação).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Condutas
clínicas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Febre sem foco + idade até é28 dias: internar +
exames complementares + ATB;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Febre sem foco + bom estado geral sem sinais de
comprometimento sistêmico + idade acima de 3 meses até 2 anos&amp;nbsp; : controle ambulatorial por 72hs;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Febre + queda moderada do estado geral, queda
das atividades +prostração + idade acima de 3 meses até 2 anos: observar no
hospital.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento medicamentoso&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Na febre a
temperatura corporal esta aumentada porque há elevação do ponto estabilizador
do hipotálamo pela ação da prostaglandina e outros metabolitos do ácido
aracdônico. A maioria dos antitérmicos restaura esse ponto estabilizador
mediante a inibição da ciclooxigenase que regula a produção de prostaglandinas.
As medidas físicas de resfriamento externo, podem reduzir a temperatura corporal
mas não corrigem a elevação do ponto estabilizador.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Antitérmicos ou atipireticos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Paracetamol (200mg/ml): 10 a 15 mg mg/kg/dose. 1
/kg/dose. 1 gota por Kg , até 6/6hs; não ultrapassar 750mg por dose ou 4g por
dia. Em doses maciças pode causar insuficiência hepática aguda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dipirona (500mg/ml): 10 a 20 mg mg/kg/dose. 0,6
gota por Kg até de 6 em 6 hs; riscos de agranulocitoese e anemia aplástica são
muito raros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ibuprofeno Ibuprofeno (50 ou 100mg/ml ): 5 a 10
mg/kg/dose. 1 ou 2 gotas por Kg até de 6 em 6 horas. Tem eficácia antitérmica
semelhante a dipirona e ação maior que o paracetamol. Pode causar irritações
gástricas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Avaliar risco x benefício &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;“Febre é sintoma, não doença, só
precisando ser controlada quando compromete o estado geral do paciente”. OMS,
2004. OBS: AAS: não deve ser usado na Dengue, varicela (causa a síndrome de
Reye) e gripe /Paracetamol: agrava hepatopatias/Dipirona: risco de
agranulocitose? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 53.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tosse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;“A tosse constitui um sintoma de
grande variedade de doenças, pulmonares e extrapulmonares, por isto representa
, uma das principais causas de&amp;nbsp; consultas
médicas”. II Diretriz Brasileira no Manejo da Tosse Crônica .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É uma queixa
frequente no ambulatório de pediatria&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;“Este sintoma produz impacto social negativo,
levando a intolerância no trabalho e na família, incontinência urinária,&amp;nbsp; constrangimento público e prejuízo do sono,
promovendo absenteísmo no trabalho e na escola, além de gerar grande custo com
exames diagnósticos e medicamentos”. II Diretriz Brasileira no Manejo da Tosse
Crônica.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tossir é um
reflexo que exerce um papel protetor essencial: o de manter a permeabilidade
das vias aéreas, removendo o excesso de secreções, esxudatos e substancias
estranhas inaladas acidentalmente. Esse reflexo é desencadeado pelo estimulo de
receptores subepiteliais localizados nas vias áreas superiores (laringe,
faringe e mucosa nasal) e inferiores (traqueia e brônquios), canal auditivo, membrana
timpânica, seios paranasais, nariz, pericárdio, pleura, estômago e diafragma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 53.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fisiopatogenia &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As vias
aferentes do reflexo da tosse é representada por fibras dos nervos vago, frênico,
glossofaríngeo e trigêmeo, enviando as mensagens dos receptores ao centro da
tosse, localizado no bulbo, de onde saem via aferente impulsos nervosos á
laringe, arvore traqueobrônquica e músculos expiratórios. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A tosse começa
com uma inspiração profunda e rápida, seguida por uma súbita expiração contra a
glote fechada (fase compressiva), resultando em um grande aumento da pressão
intratorácica. A glote então se abre e o ar é violentamente expelido pelas vias
aéreas e cordas vocais (300m/s), expulsando secreções e corpos estranhos.OBS: a
tosse é tanto mais frequente quanto mais violenta quanto mais alta no trato
respiratório se localiza a excitação. Os receptores de tosse podem ser ativados
por irritantes físicos, químicos e térmicos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 53.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Classificação&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Em relação a duração da tosse:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 89.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aguda: &amp;lt; 3 semanas : resulta de infecções de
vias aéreas superiores e de vias aéreas inferiores e presença de corpos
estranhos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 89.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Subaguda: 3 a 8 semanas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 89.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Crônica: &amp;gt; 8 semanas : as causas mais comuns
são hiperatividade das vias áereas, rinossinusopatias, refluxo gastroesofágico,
aspiração, mal formações, fibrose cística e inalação de fumo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Quanto ao tipo de tosse:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 107.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tosse seca ou irritativa: é produzida com
ausência de secreção. É um tosse inútil, fatigante, produzida geralmente por
processos irritativos, ou inflamatórios;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 107.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tosse úmida ou produtiva: tosse acompanhada de
expectoração de qualquer substancia (secreção, sangue e pus);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 107.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tosse rouca ou de cachorro: é causada por
afecções na laringe,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 107.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tosse emetizante: é a que provoca vômitos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 107.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tosse quintosa ou comprida: ocorre em acessos
paroxísticos e sufocantes, caracterizada por expirações sucessivas que impedem
a inspiração gerando cianose facial e engurgitamento dos vasos do pescoço por
estase venosa. É comum na coqueluche, gravidas com 27ª á 36ª semana estão
tomando a vacina contra essa patologia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Avaliação clínica da tosse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A Anamnese deve ser cuidadosa e o exame físico
meticuloso, com ênfase para o sistema respiratório. Exames complementares
indicados com critérios. Esses dados são importantes para o estabelecimento de
um diagnóstico etiológico correto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Anamnese: determinar a duração, frequência,
horários e características da tosse, condições que melhoram ou exacerbam, assim
como sinais e sintomas respiratórios ou gerais. É importante&amp;nbsp; colher a historia familiar (investigar asma,
atopias, fibrose cística , tuberculose ou doença pulmonar crônica), condições
ambientais (casa, quarto, escola, condições climáticas, exposição a possíveis
alergenos) e historia pregressa (prematuridade, oxigenoterapia, ventilações
mecânicas, internações anteriores, episódios de engasgos anteriores e
regurgitações frequentes).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Exame físico: é importante que o tempo da
consulta seja suficiente para presenciar a tosse espontânea, caso isso não seja
possível pode-se pedir ao paciente para induzir a tosse. Observar o estado
geral do paciente, o exame deve ser geral com ênfase para vias aéreas, pulmões
e coração. A oroscopia pode revela hipertrofia de amigdalas, hiperemia, etc. A
rinoscopia pode mostrar mucosa nasal hiperemiada ou palidez de mucosa. A
ausculta cardíaca deve ser realizada, pois cardiopatia podem promover
hiperfluxo pulmonar, congestão pulmonar e tosse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Causas de tosse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
partir de uma detalhada anamnese, exame físico adequado é possível inferir a
causa da tosse.&amp;nbsp; Sua causas podem ser
agudas ou crônicas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;AGUDAS: infecções de vias aéreas
superiores e inferiores e aspiração de corpo estranho (deve ser sempre lembrada
nos lactentes e pré-escolares).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;CRONICAS: hiperatividade das vias
aéreas, rinosinosopatias, refluxo gastroesofágico, fibrose cística,
malformações das vias aéreas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Drogas
também podem causar tosse como: cigarro e maconha (ação irritativa direta),
βbloqueadores, IECA, betanecol, aspirina, AINES (potencializam a hiperatividade
das vias aéreas), drogas antineoplásicas, sulfasalazina, penicilina, sais de
ouro, difenilidantoína, nitrofurantoína, broncodilatadores e inibidores da
colinesterase (induzem a produção de muco).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Como
a tosse é um mecanismo de defesa fisiológico, ela não deve se suprimida
indiscriminadamente. O tratamento deve ser dirigido a causa base, que
geralmente é autolimitada e não necessita de tratamento. Assim, quando a causa
da tosse é tuberculose deve-se usar tuberculostáticos, quando é asma usar
broncodilatadores e antiinflamaorios, quando é pneumonia bacteriana usar
antibióticos, quando é alergia antialérgicos e corticoides.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Os
tratamentos disponíveis são:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Narcóticos: codeína (atuariam promovendo uma
inibição central da tosse)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Não narcóticos: destrometorfano (Silencium),
butamirato (Besedan), clobutinol (Toplexil), closperastina (Seki), Dropropizina
(Vibral), levodropropizina (Antux, Zyplo) e fedrilato (Sedatoss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A evidência da eficácia dos antitussígenos orais de venda livre é
fraca. A tosse aguda é um sintoma comum e problemático em pessoas que sofresm
de IVAS. Muitas pessoas se automedicam com esses medicamentos e profissionais
da saúde frequentemente recomendam seu uso no tratamento inicial da tosse. Os
resultados de trabalhos sugerem que não há evidencia da eficácia desses
medicamento no tratamento da tosse. Esses medicamentos tem efeitos adversos e
aumentam o custo do tratamento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os medicamentos caseiros possuem a mesma eficácia que os xaropes
comerciais que se deve ao açúcar e não aos princípios ativos. Acredita-se que o
açúcar recobra receptores da tosse na faringe, agindo como uma barreira
mecânica aos estímulos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A indicação dos antitussígenos então é duvidosa, mas quando feita deve
ser usada apenas em caso de tosse seca e por períodos curtos de no máximo 5
dias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Vômito&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
vômito deve ser diferenciado da regurgitação, que é a expulsão sem esforço do
conteúdo esofágico ou gástrico&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;pela
boca, frequentemente associada a eructação e não precedida de náuseas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
vômito é a expulsão violenta e forçada do conteúdo gástrico, acompanhada de
contração do diafragma e musculatura abdominal, com relaxamento da cárdia e
contração do piloro. Geralmente é precedido de náuseas, palidez, taquicardia,
sialorréia, sudoresse e lassidão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fisiopatologia do
vômito&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
vômito é uma resposta reflexa a vários estímulos coordenados pelo SNC. O centro
do vômito esta localizado no tronco cerebral e recebem informações do córtex,
do vago, do sistema vestibular e área prostrema (recebe estímulos em resposta a
drogas e toxinas circulantes).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Estímulos
eméticos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Provenientes do SNC: dor, fatores emocionais,
visões e odores desagradáveis;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Provenientes do labirinto: cinetose (vômito ao
movimento);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Provenientes do TGI: estímulos originados da
faringe, estímulos originados do estomago;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Substâncias químicas no sangue: drogas e toxinas
endógenas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTo84dPN_rJCnmuojJqQ9yr8Kg7EXWfbdRC5ecSsGgKs7DJH0nLK_S29ZnzXJUJj_cELCFBKn6cDI2tHR1xn-huXJr3HpQ9Y-82q6xfhKFuRcU8FcIIkZpPIVzUlrHeQb9y_OH-qVGb6Nu/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTo84dPN_rJCnmuojJqQ9yr8Kg7EXWfbdRC5ecSsGgKs7DJH0nLK_S29ZnzXJUJj_cELCFBKn6cDI2tHR1xn-huXJr3HpQ9Y-82q6xfhKFuRcU8FcIIkZpPIVzUlrHeQb9y_OH-qVGb6Nu/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; height=&quot;440&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Cada estimulo passa por uma via
de aferência diferente para gerar a resposta reflexa do vômito, por exemplo, a
cinetose estimula o centro do vômito via receptores histamínicos H1 e
receptores colinérgicos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Determinação da
etiologia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
vômito um sintoma de varias causas, mecanismos fisiopatológicos distintos que
exige uma abordagem ampla, meticulosa e racional. Para determinar sua etiologia
vários fatores devem ser considerados como: duração, intensidade,
classificação, relação com as refeições, idade do paciente, ingestão de drogas,
sintomas associados, estado geral e didratação, funcionamento intestinal,
trauma físico ou psíquico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Classificação dos
vômitos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Quanto
ao aspecto e conteúdo os vômitos se classificam em: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Alimentares: constituídos por restos
alimentares. Obstrução alta ou curta permanência no estomago;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aquosos: são compostos de saliva deglutida ou
secreção esofagiana;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Biliosos: quando são tingidos de bili;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Mucosos: são ricos em muco e de aspecto
gelatinoso;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Porráceos: são constituídos de massas de aspecto
herbáceo, decorrentes da mistura de secreção gástrica, biliar, duodenal e fecal;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Fecalóides: são verdes ou escuros e tem cheiro
de fezes. Indicam obstrução baixa do íleo ou do colo ou peritonite;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sanguinolentos: vão desde os vômitos com rajas
de sangue até as hematêmeses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Em jato: caracteriza-se por se súbito e
inesperado, as vezes violento e não precedido de náuseas. São encontrados na
hipertensão intracraniana, nas intoxicações e quadros obstrutivos do trato
gastrointestinal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os vômitos são chamados precoces
quando ocorrem minutos depois da ingestão de alimentos e tardios quando surgem
2 a 3hs depois. Quanto a duração o vômito pode ser agudo, crônico ou
recorrente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Atenção&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Vômitos
no RN “que não vai bem”, comumente hipoativo, inapetente, hipotérmico,
desidratado são fortemente sugestivo de sepse. Vômitos acompanhados de sinais e
sintomas neurológicos (convulsão, sonolência ou irritabilidade, choro
estridente, hiporeflexia, hipotonia) sugerem afecções do SNC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Se a
regurgitação e abundante e o RN perde peso, apesar de conservar um bom apetite,
deve-se pensar em refluxo gastroesôfagico. Os vômitos da estenose hipertrófica
do piloro têm inicio entre a 3ª e a 6ª semana de vida, são de intensidade
crescente, geralmente logo após a mamada, em jato, não biliosos, levando a
desidratação e desnutrição. Dome pode-se apalpar o piloro hipertrofiado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
intuscepção ou invaginação intestinal deve ser pensada nos casos de cólicas
intensas, de inicio súbito, em lactentes bem nutridos, acompanhadas de vômito,
massa abdominal palpável, e ou fezes mucossanguinolentas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
apendicite é acompanhada de vômitos e dor abdominal de instalação gradual.
Em&amp;nbsp; meninas adolescentes vômitos podem
significar uma possível gravidez.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
vômito sempre deve ser encarado com um sintoma e por isso seu tratamento
definitivo é tratar a causa base e corrigir suas complicações (desidratação,
choque, icterícia).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
medidas dietéticas são indicadas em todos os casos, sendo: a suspensão da dieta
por um período curto (3-6hs), manutenção da hidratação oral adequada (soro 15
ml, a cada 15 minutos), reintrodução lenta e gradual da dieta, hidratação
venosa em casos específicos (obstrução intestinal, íleo paralitico,
inconsciência) e evitar irritantes gástricos (café, chocolate, AAS).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A terapêutica medicamentosa
raramente esta indicada no controle dos episódios agudos de vômitos, devido a
seus efeitos colaterais e a possibilidade de mascara a causa base, atrasando o
tratamento definitivo. Nos casos rebeldes, quando o tratamento dietético e as
medidas gerais forem ineficazes, o emprego de drogas antieméticas pode ser
útil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A via oral só deve ser indicada
na profilaxia, como na cinetose, carecendo de valor nos vômitos agudos. A via
retal é indisponível no mercado, mas existem fármacos na via parenteral, IM ou
EV.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As drogas mais utilizadas são:
metroclopramida, dimenidrato (anti-histamínico indicado em casos de cinetose),
ondasentona (antagosnista de 5-HT3, é utilizado em vômitos induzidos por
quimioterapia e radioterapia), domperidona (utilizada em casos de RGE) e
bromoprida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Após a administração do
medicamento deve-se aguardar 30-60 minutos para iniciar a hidratação oral, em
pequenos volumes. Caso os vômitos persistam, não há indicação de novas doses,
deve-se iniciar então hidratação venosa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A metoclopramida é o
antiemémtico mais usado na pediatria. Sua dose é de 0,25 mg/Kg/dose. Sua
apresentação comercial é o Plasil (10mg/2ml) em solução injetável. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;OBS: comprimidos de 10mg/ solução oral: cada
5ml contêm 5mg de metroclopramida/ gotas pediátricas: cada 21gotas contêm 4mg/
solução injetável, cada 2 ml (1 ampola) contêm 10&lt;/span&gt;mg.&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;_GoBack&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/4243011058671348076/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/abordagem-da-crianca-com-febre-tosse-e.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/4243011058671348076'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/4243011058671348076'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/abordagem-da-crianca-com-febre-tosse-e.html' title='Abordagem da criança com febre, tosse e vômito'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyl417CoPBWwnw-od3RzVybZQIVY5D1uZPQrd18iqAdaZPy9L4ytrXgeJt-6rCHPgUxPkj0m5hOk1bEnYfy3wodA0CotAOSlQy3-rDpaUl_HNiESbcRdQqGVvTcDWATMKfQUaMha7nt0Zu/s72-c/boleto+thais.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-2856048857931845681</id><published>2014-10-12T14:49:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2014-10-12T14:49:45.539-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Acesso venoso central</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Acesso
venoso central&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Define-se
por canulação venosa central o posicionamento de um dispositivo apropriado de
acesso vascular cuja extremidade atinja a veia cava superior ou inferior,
independentemente do local da inserção periférica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Principais indicações para
acesso venoso central&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;Monitorização
hemodinâmica invasiva (pressão venosa central, pressão de artéria pulmonar,
débito cardíaco por termodiluição);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;Acesso
vascular para a infusão de soluções cáusticas, irritantes ou hiperosmóticas;
terapêutica substitutiva renal de urgência (hemofiltração, hemodiálise);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;Acesso
vascular de longo prazo para nutrição parenteral prolongada ou quimioterapia;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;Reposição
rápida de fluidos ou sangue no trauma ou cirurgia;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;Estimulação
cardíaca artificial temporária;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;Acesso
venoso em pacientes com veias periféricas ruins.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Principais dispositivos
usados e as suas técnicas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dispositivos
“plástico sobre a agulha”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;. O cateter veste uma agulha de menor calibre e mais
longa. O vaso é puncionado e o cateter é avançado com suaves movimentos de
rotação para dentro do mesmo, até o comprimento desejado. O orifício na parede
vascular é menor que o calibre do cateter, o que evita vazamentos. Também,
devido ao diâmetro e ao comprimento do conjunto “agulha + cateter” necessário
para o acesso venoso profundo, o risco de complicações inerentes à punção é
elevado, e o seu uso é de contra-indicação absoluta em pacientes com discrasias
sanguíneas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;v:shapetype coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; o:preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; o:spt=&quot;75&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:formulas&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;
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  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:formulas&gt;
 &lt;v:path gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; o:extrusionok=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;o:lock aspectratio=&quot;t&quot; v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;
&lt;/o:lock&gt;&lt;/v:path&gt;&lt;/v:stroke&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-NdjPYg21eggfpts9M2RN631tSsqMY5z2v5990mGjp3S2DY2mOflzZSly1V4nm1m_kXFyyfB_afs4yJ56hZUPC-P6Fgj7td4bxsZhR7jA8Vq_8CehnrXzROqWjVphNwRb7eEtc3clEHjo/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-NdjPYg21eggfpts9M2RN631tSsqMY5z2v5990mGjp3S2DY2mOflzZSly1V4nm1m_kXFyyfB_afs4yJ56hZUPC-P6Fgj7td4bxsZhR7jA8Vq_8CehnrXzROqWjVphNwRb7eEtc3clEHjo/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Técnica de punção vascular percutânea com
dispositivo tipo “plástico sobre a agulha”. (A) puncionar o vaso com o
conjunto; (B) avançar o cateter para dentro do vaso); (C) retirar a agulha; (D)
manter o cateter em posição.&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Dispositivos
“plástico por dentro da agulha” (IntracathR).&lt;/u&gt; O vaso é puncionado com uma
agulha longa, de grosso
calibre, por dentro da qual o cateter é avançado até a posição desejada (Figura
2). Os riscos de complicações
são relativamente elevados, além do
fato de que o orifício feito na parede vascular é maior do que o calibre do cateter, o que facilita vazamentos em
torno do mesmo. O uso destes dispositivos é de contra-indicação absoluta em
pacientes com distúrbios da coagulação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Técnica de punção vascular percutânea com dispositivo
tipo “plástico por dentro da agulha”. (A) puncionar o vaso com a agulha; (B)
avançar o cateter por dentro da agulha; (C) retirar a agulha; (D) fixar o
cateter em posição.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Dispositivos de
“inserção sobre o fio-guia”&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;. São de custo mais elevado, porém permitem a inserção de
cateteres de grosso calibre e/ou de múltiplos lumens. Utiliza-se a técnica de
Seldinger para o seu posicionamento. O vaso é puncionado com uma agulha longa,
de pequeno calibre, por dentro da qual avança-se um fio-guia. Com o fio-guia na
posição adequada, um dispositivo de dilatação venosa é introduzido vestindo o
mesmo. A seguir, o cateter é passado vestindo o fio-guia até a posição
desejada. É uma técnica relativamente segura, com menores riscos de complicações
imediatas, uma vez que o vaso é puncionado com uma agulha de calibre
relativamente pequeno&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Técnica de punção vascular percutanea com técnica de
Seldinger (fio-guia)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. (A) puncionar o vaso, introduzir o fio-guia e retirar a
agulha; (B) avançar o cateter vestindo o fio-guia para dentro do vaso; (C) retirar
o fio-guia; (D) fixar o cateter em posição&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3PrbkXs_1bTQPQsas9lwBFaSr5Bl1m_DTgNmFv8t8gV1VHLk7QEbiib9PlCj0jRRo25bQeEKrKnsHqYFphEzBF9cE2vtgVDFIWqOg03LcpT6tqatdbR5olLfJ4f8aR1fXAYQxtkmYWgKY/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3PrbkXs_1bTQPQsas9lwBFaSr5Bl1m_DTgNmFv8t8gV1VHLk7QEbiib9PlCj0jRRo25bQeEKrKnsHqYFphEzBF9cE2vtgVDFIWqOg03LcpT6tqatdbR5olLfJ4f8aR1fXAYQxtkmYWgKY/s1600/boleto+thais.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Local e vaso a ser escolhido para punção.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
escolhas da técnica a ser utilizada e a do vaso a ser puncionado e canulado
devem-se basear na condição clínica do paciente, experiência do executor e
indicação para a inserção. .&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Vasos a serem puncionados e
suas referências anatômicas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Veias
jugular interna: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Identificar
a linha que vai do processo mastoide até a inserção esternal do músculo
esternocleidomastoideo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Localizar
o ápice do triângulo formado pelas duas cabeças do SCM, tendo a clavícula como
base;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Palpar
a pulsação da artéria carótida (medial ao bordo interno do SCM);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Identificar
visualmente, ou por palpação, a posição da veia jugular externa, para evitar
sua punção acidental.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Subclávia:
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
veia subclávia corre por baixo da clavícula, justamente medial ao ponto
hemiclavicular, sendo anterior à artéria e ao plexo braquial A VSC pode ser abordada por via infraclavicular, rente ao bordo inferior da
clavícula, com a agulha
direcionada para a fúrcula esternal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Femoral: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Localizar
o ligamento inguinal e palpar a artéria femoral logo abaixo do mesmo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;A
veia femoral corre justa e medialmente à artéria.A sua localização é
relativamente fixa, permitindo um alto grau de sucesso da punção&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Contraindicações, complicações,
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;_GoBack&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;vantagens e desvantagens de cada vaso citado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Jugular interna:&lt;b&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;CONTRA-INDICAÇÕES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Discrasias
sangüíneas graves, anticoagulação terapêutica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Endarterectomia
de carótida ipsilateral.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tumores
cervicais ou aqueles com extensão intravascular para o átrio direito.&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;VANTAGENS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Menor
risco de complicações graves em relação à VSC.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;A
VJI é relativamente superficial, o local é compressível manualmente e o acesso
ao vaso e estruturas subjacentes é fácil se houver necessidade de controle
cirúrgico de complicações.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Em
discrasias sangüíneas de moderada gravidade, sua punção é possível,
utilizando-se cuidadosamente a técnica de Seldinger.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Durante
a ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória, a VJI pode ser canulada por pessoa
treinada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;DEVANTAGENS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;A
punção é difícil em pessoas com pescoço curto e em obesos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;A
anatomia da VJI é menos fixa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Na
hipovolemia a VJI tende a colabar, tornando difícil a sua localização com a
agulha de punção.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;O
local é muito móvel, dificultando a manutenção de um curativo seco e estéril,
bem como facilitando a perda do cateter por tração acidental.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Subclavia:&lt;b&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;CONTRA-INDICAÇÕES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Discrasias
sangüíneas de qualquer grau de gravidade, uso de anticoagulantes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pacientes
com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e/ou enfisema (maior risco de
pneumotórax).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Trauma
de clavícula, cirurgias prévias no local ou deformidades torácicas acentuadas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Durante
a realização de manobras de ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Vantagens&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Anatomia
relativamente fixa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;No
estado de choque hipovolêmico: não colaba!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;O
local é relativamente imóvel, permitindo a manutenção de um curativo fixo e estéril,
com menor perda acidental de cateteres.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Desvantagens&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Apresenta
alto risco de complicações graves e mesmo fatais (pneumotórax, hemotórax).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;O
local não é compressível manualmente, e o acesso ao vaso e estruturas
subjacentes, no caso de complicações que necessitem de intervenções cirúrgicas,
é altamente complexo, acarretando altos índices de morbi-mortalidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Um
alto grau de experiência em punções venosas centrais é necessário para
minimizar as complicações.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Femoral: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;CONTRAINDICAÇÕES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Discrasias
sanguíneas graves, uso de anticoagulantes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Infecções
locais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;VANTAGENS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;A
VF é relativamente superficial e de fácil acesso, com baixo risco imediato.
Praticamente não se relatam complicações fatais relacionadas diretamente à
técnica de punção.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;O
local é compressível manualmente e de acesso cirúrgico fácil.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Permite
a passagem, com baixo risco, de cateteres de grosso calibre, sendo um acesso
muito útil na ressuscitação do politraumatizado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Na
ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória pode ser um acesso venoso útil, de baixo
risco, não havendo necessidade de interrupção das manobras durante a sua
punção33.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;DESVANTAGENS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O local é móvel, altamente úmido e
potencialmente contaminado, dificultando aobtenção e manutenção de um curativo
fixo e estéril.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Apresenta, potencialmente, um maior risco de
complicações infeciosas e trombóticas43.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Há necessidade do uso de cateteres mais
longos para se atingir a circulação central.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Dá-se preferência ao
lado direito, pois a cúpula pleural é mais baixa (menor risco de pneumotórax,
especialmente na punção de VSC), o trajeto até o átrio direito é mais retilíneo
(menor possibilidade de mau posicionamento do cateter, especialmente pela VJI)
e o ducto torácico desemboca na VSC à esquerda (menor risco de quilotórax)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/2856048857931845681/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/acesso-venoso-central.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/2856048857931845681'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/2856048857931845681'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/10/acesso-venoso-central.html' title='Acesso venoso central'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-NdjPYg21eggfpts9M2RN631tSsqMY5z2v5990mGjp3S2DY2mOflzZSly1V4nm1m_kXFyyfB_afs4yJ56hZUPC-P6Fgj7td4bxsZhR7jA8Vq_8CehnrXzROqWjVphNwRb7eEtc3clEHjo/s72-c/boleto+thais.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-1559626938922348671</id><published>2014-06-01T18:28:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2014-06-01T18:29:59.168-03:00</updated><title type='text'>A polêmica do Whey Protein. Curiosidades sobre o produto</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hipertrofia.org/forum/uploads/av-2567.png?_r=0&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.hipertrofia.org/forum/uploads/av-2567.png?_r=0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; width=&quot;333&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A promessa é tentadora: basta ingerir um pozinho gostoso diluído em água para tornar os resultados dos exercícios (bem) mais eficazes e, assim, conquistar um corpo magro e definido. Por isso, o Whey Protein, nome comercial usado para batizar um composto de proteínas extraído do soro do leite, tornou-se o suplemento mais famoso no mundo das academias durante a última década – e fez muita gente partir para as lojas especializadas a fim de garantir a sua embalagem. Mas quais são os reais ganhos oferecidos pelo produto? De acordo com os especialistas, não há dúvidas de que ele pode, sim, proporcionar muitos benefícios para quem tem o hábito de suar a camisa, especialmente se o objetivo principal for ganhar massa muscular. Por outro lado, o consumo por conta própria pode trazer sérios riscos, comprometendo o funcionamento do fígado e dos rins.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1 – RISCOS AO ORGANISMO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Consumir o Whey por conta própria costuma não render tantos benefícios quanto quando se tem orientação profissional. Mas não é só isso: o uso indevido pode acarretar em uma série de riscos à saúde. Quem tem problemas no coração, nos rins ou no fígado precisa de um acompanhamento ainda mais sério, pois o suplemento usado sem a indicação correta ou em doses muito grandes pode sobrecarregar esses órgãos e comprometer seu funcionamento. O mesmo alerta vale para os diabéticos e os intolerantes à lactose. Nesse último caso, é possível experimentar a versão hidrolisada do Whey, que não tem o açúcar do leite na formulação. Em um panorama, digamos, mais otimista, o principal prejuízo do uso indevido do produto é engordar. “Se uma pessoa ingerir uma quantidade de energia maior do que a soma de calorias consumida pelo seu metabolismo e pela prática de atividades físicas, vai ganhar peso, mesmo que esse excesso venha do suplemento”, explica o fisiologista do exercício Sergio Garcia Stella, de Ribeirão Preto (SP). “Por essa razão, ele só deve fazer parte da dieta de quem gasta mais do que ingere. ”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;2 – PARA QUEM É INDICADO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O Whey é recomendado para praticantes de modalidades intensas e de força, como musculação ou corridas curtas. É válido também para os adeptos do pilates, que foca a definição. No entanto, pegar pesado no treino não faz da pessoa uma candidata ao uso do Whey. Especialistas avisam que quem mantém uma dieta equilibrada, com todos os nutrientes diários necessários - proteínas, carboidratos, minerais e vitaminas—não precisa do suplemento para turbinar a silhueta. E também não adianta tomar Whey se você não malha. O único ganho será de peso e não de massa magra, já que uma colher de sopa do produto tem cerca de 120 calorias (são usadas duas medidas dessas por dia).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;3 - POLÊMICA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A popularidade do produto, disseminado nas academias e pelas blogueiras de fitness, chamou a atenção dos órgãos reguladores e de comerciantes. Duas análises recentes alertaram os consumidores. O primeiro caso ocorreu em Londrina (PR), quando o proprietário da loja Atacado do Suplemento enviou 28 marcas para serem avaliadas em um laboratório. E o resultado foi alarmante: 53% das amostras apresentavam valores muito diferentes dos descritos no rótulo (continham porções menores de proteína ou maiores de carboidrato), apesar de todos serem certificados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). Em seguida, veio o segundo alerta: a própria agência realizou uma investigação que a levou a proibir a venda de 20 marcas após confirmar que as doses de proteína e carboidrato também não eram as mesmas das embalagens. Segundo especialistas, a informação incorreta atrapalha o cálculo da quantidade a ser consumida. Ou seja, reduz a eficácia e compromete a saúde do atleta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;4 – COMO FUNCIONA?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;“Ele é rico em aminoácidos essenciais, que não são produzidos pelo corpo, e tem uma proteína de alto valor biológico fácil de ser digerida e absorvida pelo organismo”, afirma a nutricionista Fúlvia Hazarabedian, de São Paulo. “Por isso, ele ajuda a recuperar o tecido muscular, facilitando o desenvolvimento e evitando a sua degradação, que pode acontecer por fatores como o excesso de atividades físicas”, conta a nutricionista Priscila Rosa, de São Paulo. Para não confundir, vale ressaltar: o consumo regular do Whey Protein não está relacionado à perda de gordura corporal e, sim (e somente), ao ganho de massa muscular. Fique atento!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;5 – CUIDADOS NA HORA DA COMPRA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;“Verificar a quantidade de proteínas da sua composição e checar se ele foi aprovado pela Anvisa ainda são as melhores formas de diferenciar um produto bom de um ruim”, diz o médico Jomar Souza, de Salvador (BA), ex-presidente da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte. “É preciso também ter cuidado com as marcas muito baratas, que tendem a utilizar matérias-primas que não sejam de primeira ou acrescentar farinha e açúcar na fabricação, o que diminui a eficácia da fórmula”, alerta a nutricionista Simone Maia, do Rio de Janeiro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;6 – ORIENTAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Para entender se o produto é indicado para você, a dose ideal e a frequência com que deve ser tomado, é indispensável procurar um nutricionista ou endocrinologista. Afinal, não é só uma questão estética, de querer um corpo sarado—a sua saúde é que está em jogo. “Cada indivíduo é único e o corpo humano só consegue absorver até 3 gramas de proteína por quilo de peso. Portanto, uma pessoa de 50 kg tem necessidades diferentes de uma de 90 kg”, explica Simone Maia. Também é preciso levar em conta que uma parte do nutriente proteico presente no Whey já será consumida em sua alimentação diária através de outras fontes, como ovos, queijos e o próprio leite. O profissional ainda terá que fazer uma detalhada avaliação do gasto calórico diário, da quantidade de atividade física praticada e o tipo de treinamento - se é de explosão, de resistência ou de hipertrofia. “O ideal é conversar também com um educador físico, já que são dois trabalhos independentes, mas que se complementam. E aí, só depois, com todos esses dados em mãos é que o especialista poderá dizer se o paciente deve ou não investir na suplementação e ter um pote de Whey em casa”, diz o educador físico Diego Zanon, de Vitória (ES).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;7 – DICAS DE CONSUMO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Para quem quer ganhar massa muscular, o produto deve ser tomado com água ou batido com frutas, de preferência, nos intervalos entre as refeições ou depois do treino. Mas, se o objetivo também for emagrecer, vale adicionar o pozinho do Whey nas massas de pães, panquecas e bolos, porque ajuda a garantir a sensação de saciedade. Só tome cuidado com os recheios e acompanhamentos para não comprometer o resultado. Prefira sempre frutas e geleias sem açúcar. Outra dica importante é trocar a marca do produto periodicamente (o médico pode determinar esse tempo) para que o intestino não se “acostume” somente com um tipo de combinação proteica. Essa tática também vale para quem tem acne, por exemplo, que pode ser agravada pelo excesso de vitamina B12,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
AS MARCAS PROIBIDAS&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
Confira a lista de fabricantes de Whey Protein que tiveram lotes suspensos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa):&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• Super NitroWheyNO2 – American Line Suplements&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• 3W – Fast Nutrition&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• Whey Protein Optimazer – Cyberform&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• WheyNO2 Pro Baunilha – Pro Corps&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• WheyNO2 Pro – Pro Corps&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• Whey 5W Pro – Pro Corps&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• Ultra PureWhey+ IsolateWhey - Nutrilatina Age Superior&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• ExtremeWhey Protein Sabor Morango – Solaris&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• ExtremeWhey Protein Sabor Baunilha - Solaris&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• 100% UltraWhey – Ultratech Supplements&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• BioWhey Protein – Performance&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• Peter Food –WheyNO2 + Creatine&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• 100%Whey Xtreme – Pharma&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• SuperWhey 100% Pure – IntegralMedica&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• SuperWhey3W– IntegralMedica&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• FisioWhey ConcentradoNO2&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• DesignerWhey Protein&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• MuscleWheyProtoNO2 - NeoNutri&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• WheyProtein3W–DNA Design Nutrição Avançada&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• IsolateWhey – NeoNutri&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
• Top Fuel - Vulgo Suplementos Indústria de Alimentos&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/1559626938922348671/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/a-polemica-do-whey-protein-voce.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/1559626938922348671'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/1559626938922348671'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/a-polemica-do-whey-protein-voce.html' title='A polêmica do Whey Protein. Curiosidades sobre o produto'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-6205406191879866374</id><published>2014-06-01T16:30:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2014-06-01T16:32:46.274-03:00</updated><title type='text'>TORCHS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;São
doenças infecciosas adquiridas pelo concepto durante qualquer período da
gestação ou no período perinatal. Muitos desses agentes infecciosos ocasionam
quadro clínico similar, e as mães são geralmente assintomáticas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Agentes
envolvidos:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A)
vírus: Rubéola, Citomégalovírus, Herpes, Varicela, Enterovírus, Parvovírus B19,
Caxumba, HIV e vírus da Hepatite B.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;B)
Protozoários: Toxoplasma, Doenças de Chagas e Malária.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;C)
Bactérias: Espiroquetas (Sífilis) e Lysteria Monocytogenes &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Toxoplasmose congênita:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Toxoplasmose
é uma zoonose produzida pelo &lt;i&gt;Toxoplasma gondii, &lt;/i&gt;parasita intracelular
obrigatório. A toxoplasmose congênita vai ocorrer após infecção materna
primária, uma vez que a reinfecção de mulheres imunocompetentes durante a
gestação é incomum. Quanto menor a idade gestacional menor a chance de infecção
e mais grave é essa. Ao fim da gestação há maior chance de transmissão porem
essa menos grave.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 147.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sorologia Materna:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 147.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gestante IgG + e IgM -: Imune por
infecção passada. Não necessita de novo exame.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 147.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gestante IgG - e IgM -: Susceptível,
repetir sorologia mensal e orientar a gestante: evitar contato com gatos;
ingerir apenas água tratada; &lt;br /&gt;
evitar contato com terra e carne crua.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gestante&lt;b&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;IgG - e IgM +: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Provável infecção aguda, iniciar
espiramicina 1g, VO, 8/8h, repetir a sorologia (IgM e IgG) após 2 a 4 semanas:
IgG confirma infecção, persistência de IgM+, exclui o diagnóstico. (IgM
falso-positivo). Se infectada, investigar infecção fetal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gestante
IgG + e IgM +&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: Infecção aguda, dosar IgA e teste de
avidez para IgG, se infectada, investigar infecção fetal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Investigação
da doença no feto:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;US fetal:&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;alargamento
dos ventrículos cerebrais;&lt;br /&gt;
- calcificações intracranianas; &lt;br /&gt;
- calcificações do plexo coroide;&lt;br /&gt;
- aumento da espessura da placenta;&lt;br /&gt;
- ascite;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;- hepatoesplenomegalia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Aminiocentese
e PCR:&lt;b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;-
Deverá ser feita a partir das 18 sem. &lt;br /&gt;
- Detecção do toxoplasma pelo método PCR. - - PCR negativo não excluí a
infecção. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Fluxograma
da toxoplasmose na gestação:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIv46k1OBSdtvfmjEIRhrpJ_0GImdbDiSR0pRQqUTtUcfPPE_gvsTe7o-Bvg6mHigxcBseZjpk0-XUuoMvkmEMJPTdPjseZseMTFAE3R8N9VV2v0AxM8S9ulggJQ4GrIMm8zjblBcvoTrc/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIv46k1OBSdtvfmjEIRhrpJ_0GImdbDiSR0pRQqUTtUcfPPE_gvsTe7o-Bvg6mHigxcBseZjpk0-XUuoMvkmEMJPTdPjseZseMTFAE3R8N9VV2v0AxM8S9ulggJQ4GrIMm8zjblBcvoTrc/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; width=&quot;604&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot;
 coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; o:spt=&quot;75&quot; o:preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot;
 filled=&quot;f&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;v:formulas&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:formulas&gt;
 &lt;v:path o:extrusionok=&quot;f&quot; gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;o:lock v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; aspectratio=&quot;t&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_16&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;
 style=&#39;width:381pt;height:403.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png&quot;
  o:title=&quot;&quot; cropright=&quot;4900f&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Herpes simples:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O
herpes simples tem como agente etiológico o vírus herpes simples I e II. Tem
como célula alvo as células epiteliais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2f2b20; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gestantes
infectadas com lesões ativas estão indicados parto cesárea, Gestantes
infectadas sem lesões ativas: parto vaginal ou cesárea.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clinica
congênita: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Vesículas cutâneas ou escaras de
cicatrização, alterações oculares&lt;u&gt;, &lt;/u&gt;microcefalia e ou hidrocefalia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2f2b20; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clínica
– Perinatal:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Forma localizada:
ceratoconjuntivite, coriorretinite, úlcera de córnea, catarata, atrofia óptica
e vesículas na pele.&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Forma neurológica: letargia,
irritabilidade, convulsões, crises de apneia e febre alta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Forma disseminada: acometimento do SNC e
disseminação visceral, sem lesões cutâneas. Apresentam vômitos, anorexia,
irritabilidade, desconforto respiratório, convulsões icterícia, hepatoesplenomegalia,
petéquias, meningoencefalite grave, podendo levar a necrose hemorrágica do lobo
temporal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tanto
a infecção congênita quanto a peri-natal, mesmo assintomáticas, podem causar
deficiência auditiva. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Diagnostico
laboratorial: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Culturas do vírus em células teciduais,
hemograma e teste sorológico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2f2b20; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;RN com a infecção devem ser
isolados, Aciclovir 20mg/ Kg/ dose a cada 8 horas, por 12-21 dias.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rubéola congênita:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A
rubéola foi descrita pela primeira vez como patologia em 1814. Em 1941, correlação
ao aumento da incidência de catarata congênita com uma epidemia de rubéola,
outros autores associaram malformações congênitas ao fato de a gestante
desenvolver a doença nas primeiras semanas da gestação, na fase embriogênica.
Há alto risco de infecção crônica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2f2b20; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O
risco de infecção é maior nos extremos da gestação, a taxa de infecção pode
chegar a 90% com 11 semanas de idade gestacional sendo também este o período
com maior risco de más formações. Quando atinge 36 semanas ou mais a infecção
pode atingir 100%. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Definição:&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A
Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita (SRC) é definida como a infecção do concepto pelo
vírus da rubéola consequente a viremia materna durante a gestação. O vírus da
rubéola (&lt;i&gt;Rubella virus&lt;/i&gt;) é do gênero dos &lt;i&gt;Rubivirus &lt;/i&gt;e da família
dos &lt;i&gt;Togavirus&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transmissão:
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pode
ocorrer quando há infecção primária na gestante, sendo que pode ocorrer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2f2b20; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;aborto espontâneo, natimorto, ou
até não haver infecção.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Etiopatogenia:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O
ser humano é o único hospedeiro conhecido, o risco de defeitos congênitos é
maior quando a grávida adquire infecção primária durante o primeiro trimestre.
A viremia materna é seguida de infecção placentária e posterior viremia fetal. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;malformações ou persistência do vírus
&amp;lt; 4 meses&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;entre 13 e 16 semanas = acomete aparelho
auditivo &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;infecção fetal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;à&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; o vírus pode ser excretado pela urina
do RN até um ano de idade ou mais &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clinica:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mais
de 50% dos RN infectados são assintomáticos. Após o diagnóstico de SRC,
estima-se que a maioria desta população vá evoluir com alguma sequela.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;82% em 6-8 anos de idade&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;90% se sorologia positiva&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Deficiência
auditiva: manifestação mais comum (80-90%) graus variáveis e geralmente
bilateral.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;CIUR
(50-85%)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Manifestações
cardíacas&lt;u&gt; &lt;/u&gt;(30-40%): persistência do canal arterial e estenose pulmonar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Malformações
oculares: alterações de acuidade e com a área macular. Catarata bilateral,
glaucoma (precoce ou tardio), retinopatia e microftalmia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;SNC:
microcefalia, meningoencefalite, tetraplegia espástica, retardo do
desenvolvimento neuromotor.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Viscerais:
hepatomegalia e icterícia, púrpura trombocitopênica, pneumonia intersticial e
lesões ósseas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Diagnostico:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sorologia
materna:&amp;nbsp; anticorpo anti-rubéola no
sangue. Títulos detectáveis e em elevação de anticorpos IgM. Após contato não
há meios de prevenção e a vacina é ineficaz. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Recém-nascido&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;:&amp;nbsp; confirmação após o nascimento: malformações
estabelecidas.&amp;nbsp; Sorologia após o
nascimento:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Confirmação: IgM positivo. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Se IgM negativo e IgG positivo: repetir
o IgG e&amp;nbsp; confirmação na persistência do
resultado. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Isolamento
viral: orofaringe, urina e outros tecidos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Todos
os RN com suspeita de rubéola deverão realizar: hemograma, radiografia de ossos
longos, ecocardiografia, exame de imagem do SNC, avaliação audiométrica. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A
rubéola e a SRC são doenças de notificação compulsória. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Não existe tratamento efetivo. Catarata e
cardiopatia: Passíveis de correção cirúrgica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Prevenção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Vacinação
- Elevada soro conversão — 97%, proteção de 95% ou mais com uma única dose. Bem
tolerada e tem custo baixo. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Citomegalovirose
congênita:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O citomegalovírus (CMV) pertence a um
gênero da família &lt;i&gt;Herpesviridae&lt;/i&gt; e é membro do grupo herpes vírus. A
composição estrutural desse vírus define propriedades de latência e reativação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transmissão:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transfusões de sangue e derivados;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transplantes de órgãos;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Infecção materna e transmissão vertical;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Infecção perinatal (leite materno ou
secreções vaginais);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Entre crianças (berçários e creches);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Contato com secreção de portadores do
CMV.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Patogenia:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A
infecção congênita ocorre quando a mãe se infecta pela primeira vez durante a gravidez,
raramente, por reativação de processo latente. A transmissão ocorre em 30% dos
casos e entre os infectados, apenas 10% nascem sintomático, 90% destes
apresentarão sequelas e o restante evolui para óbito. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Maior
gravidade &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;à&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; fases iniciais
da gestação&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Maior
probabilidade de infecção &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;à&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
último trimestre.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clinica:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pode
ocorrer: Prematuridade, CIUR, hepatoesplenomegalia, hepatite e icterícia, pneumonia,
trombocitopenia e &amp;nbsp;anemia;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;SNC: microcefalias, calcificações
intracranianas periventriculares, coriorretinite, perda auditiva sensorial
(bastante comum), atrofia óptica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2f2b20; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Forma
grave&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;à&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1
a 2% dos RN infectados, &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Doença de inclusão citomegálica: icterícia,
hepatoesplenomegalia, petéquias, microcefalia, coriorretinite e calcificações cerebrais
periventriculares. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pneumonite intersticial e anemia
hemolítica. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sequelas graves: como surdez, cegueira,
retardo mental e tetraparesia espástica. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Laboratorial: aumento de enzimas
hepáticas e hiperbilirrubinemia direta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Diagnostico:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gestação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: geralmente
assintomática. Faz-se pela detecção de IgM positivo para CMV. &amp;nbsp;Suspeita se CIUR ventriculomegalia cerebral,
ascite, calcificações intracranianas e oligodrâmnia pelo US. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Infecção
fetal: coleta de líquido amniótico &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;à&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
isolamento viral.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Recém-nascidos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: &amp;nbsp;isolamento do vírus (urina e saliva), detecção
de DNA viral na urina de RN suspeitos (dentro de dois semanas sugere
transmissão vertical). Os testes sorológicos não conseguem distinguir infecção
congênita, perinatal e pós-natal com base em anticorpos IgG. Os anticorpos IgM
são pouco sensíveis e específicos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Infecções
leves e assintomáticos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;à&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
sem indicação &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Forma
grave &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;à&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; ganciclovir 12
mg/kg/dia EV por seis semanas. Reduz doença neurológica e auditiva. Neutropenia
em 30% dos casos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Prevenção:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Reduzir a exposição materna ao vírus:
campanhas educacionais, esclarecer transmissão de pessoa a pessoa por contato
íntimo. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Aleitamento materno&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/6205406191879866374/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/torchs.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/6205406191879866374'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/6205406191879866374'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/torchs.html' title='TORCHS'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIv46k1OBSdtvfmjEIRhrpJ_0GImdbDiSR0pRQqUTtUcfPPE_gvsTe7o-Bvg6mHigxcBseZjpk0-XUuoMvkmEMJPTdPjseZseMTFAE3R8N9VV2v0AxM8S9ulggJQ4GrIMm8zjblBcvoTrc/s72-c/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-5319124821021774021</id><published>2014-06-01T16:25:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2014-06-01T16:25:54.251-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Bronquiolite viral aguda</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;É
uma das causas mais comuns de internação do lactente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #f2f2f2; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;É uma doença infecciosa, mais
incidente em lactentes menores de 24 meses (principalmente &amp;lt; 6 meses), que
resulta na obstrução inflamatória dos bronquíolos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mecanismos
envolvidos na população de risco:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2msmT_4rksQfkM09m1Iw_3TJb9cUK0VbAvv336tU8DPOl3_6CuCFc4MrDP7fiKQgIvqVCZHoWFlpA5z1PBIDrZa0j6h9PTU-Rsg-LNSlxjTu-bl-y5P2i09fxbjVjo9YhWR3DLZUSBQz2/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2msmT_4rksQfkM09m1Iw_3TJb9cUK0VbAvv336tU8DPOl3_6CuCFc4MrDP7fiKQgIvqVCZHoWFlpA5z1PBIDrZa0j6h9PTU-Rsg-LNSlxjTu-bl-y5P2i09fxbjVjo9YhWR3DLZUSBQz2/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; height=&quot;270&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O
vírus sincicial respiratório é responsável por ate 80% dos casos, o período de
incubação é de 4/5 dias. A transmissão se da por:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Contato direto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transmissão por gotículas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Conjuntiva/mucosa nasal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Fisiopatologia:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqqEm62lcgGAXcmlbvB3eGj4UIHQoDVuHoMRYoDIhXS5L9qQJKP2MD20mZKJ6TjkGi8AQwh4DmfpNEp342XoJ9TwlSqBYsoJ6J9WFS3tZNkNHQmVqngm3eJW4Db2vm_ScOAFHJ9PKM7DHm/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqqEm62lcgGAXcmlbvB3eGj4UIHQoDVuHoMRYoDIhXS5L9qQJKP2MD20mZKJ6TjkGi8AQwh4DmfpNEp342XoJ9TwlSqBYsoJ6J9WFS3tZNkNHQmVqngm3eJW4Db2vm_ScOAFHJ9PKM7DHm/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; height=&quot;312&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_14&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot;
 type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; alt=&quot;FisiopatoBQL.png&quot; style=&#39;width:273.75pt;height:132.75pt;
 visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png&quot;
  o:title=&quot;FisiopatoBQL&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Quadro
clínico:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Prodrómos com sintomas leve de IVAS
(espirros e rinorreia)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Temperatura basal elevada (38,5º - 39ºC)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tosse paroxística&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dispneia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Irritabilidade&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dificuldade p/ alimentar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Em
casos mais graves pode haver insuficiência respiratória.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Exame
Físico:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sibilos (Inspiratórios ou bifásicos)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Prolongamento do tempo expiratório&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Batimento de aletas nasais&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Tiragem intercostais e subcostais&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Crepitações &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Podem ocorrer apneia e desidratação &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Exames
complementares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: Radiografia de tórax, oximetria de
pulso, gasometria arterial, leucograma, aspirado de nasofaringe.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #f2f2f2; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O Tratamento é de suporte,
direcionado às principais manifestações clínicas, a maioria dos casos é tratado
em domicílio sendo que este deve ser evitado tratamento domiciliar para menores
de dois meses e em crianças com condições basais de risco. Sedativos devem ser
evitados devido ao risco de depressão respiratória e a cabeceira da cama deve
ser mantida elevada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Domiciliar:
Deve- se fazer controle rigoroso da temperatura, limpeza das vias aéreas
superiores com solução salina fisiológica, orientar a procurar um medico em
caso de piora dos sinais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Hospitalar:
Apenas a oxigenoterapia é comprovadamente eficaz, porem deve-se ter cuidados
para evitar bronco aspiração, desidratação. A fisioterapia respiratória também
está indicada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Prevenção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;:
Orientar a família sobre a exposição de crianças de risco, incentivando um
ambiente saudável. Pode-se também usar o Palivizumab.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/5319124821021774021/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/bronquiolite-viral-aguda.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/5319124821021774021'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/5319124821021774021'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/bronquiolite-viral-aguda.html' title='Bronquiolite viral aguda'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2msmT_4rksQfkM09m1Iw_3TJb9cUK0VbAvv336tU8DPOl3_6CuCFc4MrDP7fiKQgIvqVCZHoWFlpA5z1PBIDrZa0j6h9PTU-Rsg-LNSlxjTu-bl-y5P2i09fxbjVjo9YhWR3DLZUSBQz2/s72-c/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-723584900226632254</id><published>2014-06-01T16:17:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2014-06-01T16:17:46.353-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Nova lei anti-fumo</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O Ministério da Saúde anunciou neste sábado (31), Dia Mundial Sem Tabaco, novas regras de combate ao fumo, que incluem o fim da propaganda de cigarros, a extinção dos fumódromos em ambientes coletivos e a ampliação de mensagens de alerta em maços de cigarro vendidos no país.&lt;br style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;A regulamentação da lei antifumo será publicada nesta segunda-feira (2) no &quot;Diário Oficial da União&quot; e as regras passarão a valer em até seis meses.&lt;br style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Segundo o governo, os fumantes não serão fiscalizados. Poderá ser punido somente o estabelecimento que desobedecer as normas. Locais de comércio e restaurantes, por exemplo, deverão orientar os clientes sobre a lei e pedir para que não fumem, podendo chamar a polícia quando alguém se recusar a apagar o cigarro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A lei antifumo foi sancionada pela presidente Dilma Rousseff em dezembro de 2011, após ter sido aprovada no Congresso Nacional, e desde então estava sem regulamentação, que define como e quando deve ser aplicada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Conforme a lei, fica proibido o fumo em locais coletivos fechados em todo o país, com exceção das tabacarias e dos cultos religiosos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Segundo o ministro da Saúde, Arthur Chioro, o ponto principal da regulamentação é a definição de quais são os locais onde não poderá haver consumo e venda de tabaco. As regras preveem que as pessoas não poderão fumar em lugares públicos ou privados (acessíveis ao público) que possuam cobertura, teto, parede, divisórias ou toldos. Em varandas de restaurante com toldo, por exemplo, não será permitido o fumo, bem como na área coberta de pontos de ônibus. As normas também valem para narguilés ou qualquer tipo de fumígeno, mas não abrangem cigarros eletrônicos, pois, segundo Chioro, eles não são legais no Brasil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://s2.glbimg.com/v7DOVQkwSoblLchVuAcAeS9DABo=/s.glbimg.com/jo/g1/f/original/2014/05/31/antifumo_300x529.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://s2.glbimg.com/v7DOVQkwSoblLchVuAcAeS9DABo=/s.glbimg.com/jo/g1/f/original/2014/05/31/antifumo_300x529.jpg&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; width=&quot;362&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Propaganda e embalagens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;De acordo com as regras, qualquer propaganda de cigarro será proibida. Segundo Chioro, com a proibição de qualquer propaganda, inclusive em &quot;displays&quot; (painéis para anúncios), como ocorre hoje. A única forma de exibição dos maços deverá ser em locais de venda, mas, ainda assim, com 20% do espaço ocupado pela mensagem de alerta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&quot;É importante deixar claro que toda e qualquer propaganda de tabaco no Brasil, em relação a todos os produtos fumígenos, está proibida. Tudo em termos de propaganda sobre o que é fumável e legal no nosso país está proibido&quot;, disse Chioro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A partir de agora, 100% da face de trás da embalagem e uma das faces laterais terão que ter imagem e mensagem sobre os problemas relacionados ao fumo. A partir de janeiro de 2016, na parte frontal da embalagem, 30% do espaço será destinado a mensagens de alerta. Atualmente, este tipo de mensagem só é estampada na parte de trás dos maços de cigarro.&lt;br style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Fiscalização&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;e punição&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Os estabelecimentos que desrespeitarem as regras poderão receber advertência, multa, ser interditados e ter a autorização de funcionamento cancelada. As multas irão variar de R$ 2 mil a R$ 1,5 milhão, de acordo com a infração. As vigilâncias sanitárias dos estados serão responsáveis pela fiscalização.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Segundo o diretor-presidente da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Dirceu Barbano, a pessoa que estiver em um restaurante e se incomodar com o fato de alguém fumar deverá, primeiro, pedir ao estabelecimento que tome providências. Caso o responsável pelo restaurante se negue, a orientação é que a pessoa, então, denuncie o caso à Vigilância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Consumo e riscos&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://s2.glbimg.com/FEvWNtoeGjyAqSr-B4r4br3mndk=/s.glbimg.com/jo/g1/f/original/2014/05/31/info_coracaocigarro.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://s2.glbimg.com/FEvWNtoeGjyAqSr-B4r4br3mndk=/s.glbimg.com/jo/g1/f/original/2014/05/31/info_coracaocigarro.jpg&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; width=&quot;440&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pesquisa divulgada neste sábado pelo Ministério da Saúde diz que 11,3% dos adultos que vivem nas capitais do Brasil fumam. Em 2006, o índice era de 15,7%. Os homens são os que mais fumam, com índice de 14,4%. O percentual entre as mulheres é de 8,6%. Os fumantes passivos têm 30% a mais de chance de ter complicações respiratórias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;No ano passado, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) registrou 1,4 milhão de diárias por internação relacionada ao tabagismo, ao custo de R$ 1,4 bilhão aos cofres públicos. A estimativa do governo é que, neste ano, sejam registrados 16,4 mil novos casos de câncer de pulmão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O secretário de Vigilância em Saúde, Jarbas Barbosa, afirmou durante entrevista coletiva neste sábado que o tabagismo é responsável por 200 mil mortes no Brasil por ano. Além disso, está relacionado a 90% dos casos de câncer de pulmão; 85% das mortes por bronquite; 45% das mortes por infarto agudo do miocárdio; 25% das doenças vasculares e 30% das mortes decorrentes de outros tipos de câncer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Entenda os males do cigarro&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Segundo especialistas, o cigarro está associado a 26% das mortes por todos os tipos de câncer. No caso de tumores no pulmão, esse índice aumenta para 84%. Além desta doença, o cigarro pode causar alterações na voz, principalmente das mulheres, que podem adquirir uma voz grossa e totalmente diferente por infecção nas cordas vocais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Em apenas um dia sem fumar, já é possível ter benefícios para a saúde, segundo a cardiologista Jaqueline Issa. É preciso ainda prestar atenção em outros sintomas de problemas na garganta, como dor, dificuldade para engolir ou respirar e sensação de caroço na região.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Segundo os médicos, o cigarro pode também afetar a tireoide, causando hipotireoidismo e levando ao ganho de peso, especialmente na região abdominal. Mulheres fumantes com mais de 50 anos, por exemplo, têm entre três a quatro vezes mais chances de ter hipotireoidismo que a população em geral.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fora a alteração na voz e a rouquidão, o cigarro pode ainda causar também perda óssea nos dentes. Isso acontece porque a nicotina e outros componentes agridem a gengiva e a raiz dos dentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.45em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Fonte :g1.globo.com&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/723584900226632254/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/nova-lei-anti-fumo.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/723584900226632254'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/723584900226632254'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/nova-lei-anti-fumo.html' title='Nova lei anti-fumo'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-2525130305373932704</id><published>2014-06-01T16:10:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2014-06-01T16:10:14.831-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Doenças exantemática</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O acometimento de crianças por doença
exantemática é um dos quadros mais comuns da prática médica, impondo
dificuldade diagnóstica frequentemente. Diversas condições podem cursar com
exantema, sendo que as causas infecciosas são responsáveis por mais de 70 % dos
episódios. A maior parte dos exantemas são autolimitados, todavia a correta
identificação da etiologia tem importância clínica pela gravidade e piora do
prognóstico em caso de atraso no diagnóstico em alguns casos, e para a saúde
pública, tendo em vista o potencial de contágio das causas infecciosas. A
inespecificidade clínica das doenças exantemáticas exige uma abordagem
sistemática para o seu diagnóstico que inclui a coleta de anamnese completa e
exame físico amplo e cuidadoso. Esses são os principais instrumentos para a
elucidação diagnóstica, permitindo igualmente a orientação para a conduta
diagnóstica laboratorial.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sarampo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Etiologia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;:
Vírus do sarampo. Família paramyxoviridae.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transmissão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;:
Aerossol. Periodo de infectividade 3 dias antes do rash e 4-6 dias após seu
inicio. Porta de entrada: mucosa respiratória e conjuntiva.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clinica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;:
Periodo de incubação (8-12 dias): assintomático. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fase
prodromica (2-4 dias): febre, tosse, coriza, conjuntivite e enantema (Koplic). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fase
exantematica: exantema maculopapular eritematoso que se inicia na cabeça e
pescoço, disseminando- se para troncos e membros. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fase
de recuperação: o rash desaparece ao longo de 7 dias, e deixa uma fina
descamação. A tosse é a ultima a desaparecer&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Suporte apenas. Antivirais não estão indicados . Vitamina A deve ser indicada
para&amp;nbsp; &amp;gt; 6 meses com desnutrição,
carência clinica de vitamina A, prejuízo de absorção intestinal e
imunodeprimidos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Rubéola:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Etiologia:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Vírus
da rubéola&lt;u&gt;. &lt;/u&gt;Família Togaviridae.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transmissão:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Goticulas de saliva ou secreção nasofaringea. Período de infectividade 5 dias
antes do rash e 6 dias após seu inicio. Porta de entrada: Mucosa respiratória.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clinica:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
O período de incubação dura 14 a 21 dias.&amp;nbsp;
A infecção subclinica ocorre em 25 a 40% dos casos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fase
prodromica: febre baixa, dor de garganta, conjuntivite, cefaleia, mal estar,
anorexia e linfadenomegalia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fase
exantematica: rash maculopapular róseo, que se inicia na face e pescoço e
dissemina- se para tronco e extremidades. No inicio do rash podemos notar
lesões puntiformes rosadas (Manchas de forcheimer) nas amídalas e pilares.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Suporte com analgésico e antipiréticos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Imunoglobulina
e corticoides: Indicados na trombocitopenia grave.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Eritema infeccioso:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Etiologia:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Parvovirus B19&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transmissão:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Goticulas de saliva ou secreção nasofaringea. Periodo de infectividade 7 a 11
dias após o contato com vírus.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clinica:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Muitos são assintomáticos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fase
prodromica: Febre baixa, cefaleia, sintomas de IVAS e linfadenopatia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fase
exantemática: Possui 3 estagios. Fase 1: exantema em face, mais intenso nas
regiões maxilares com aspecto de ‘’face esbofeteada’’. Fase 2: Disseminação do
rash eritematoso para tronco e extremidades proximais. Há um clareamento
central dando o aspecto rendilhado. Fase 3: Pode haver reicidiva do exantema de
1-3 semanas, principalmente por exposição ao sol, calor, stress e exercício
físico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Suporte com analgésico e antipiréticos. Imunoglobulina intra venosa esta
indicada para imunodeprimidos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Exantema Subito:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Etiologia:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Herpes vírus tipo 6.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transmissão:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Respiratoria:
a maior parte da transmissão se da através de partículas virais contidas nas
gotículas salivares do hospedeiro saudável, e que vem penetrar na mucosa
nasofaringea ou conjuntival do lactente. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Transplacentaria:
forma rara de infecção.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clinica:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Periodo de incubação é de 10 dias.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Periodo
prodromico: Rinorreia, inflamação faríngea e eritema conjuntival.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Periodo
pré eruptivo: Febre muito elevada, irritabilidade e anorexia. Cerca de 5 a 10%
das crianças podem fazer crise convulsiva febril neste período.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Periodo
eruptivo: Começa 12 a 24hrs após o desaparecimento da febre, as características
do rash são: maculas rosadas pequenas que começam no tronco e disseminam-se
pelo pescoço, face e extremidades proximais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Suporte com analgésico e antipirético. Imunodeprimidos devem usar ganciclovir
por 2 a 3 semanas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Varicela:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Etiologia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;:
Vírus varicela-zoster.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transmissão:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Aerossol e contato com a secreção das vesículas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clinica:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Período prodrômico curto (24-48hrs) pode ou
não ocorrer, marcado por febre baixa e mal estar.&amp;nbsp; A doença se manifesta por febre de&amp;nbsp; 37,5 a 39,5ºC, adinamia, exantema
eritematovesicular pluriginoso. Distribuição centrípeta, ou seja, predominam na
face, pescoço e tronco e pode acometer a mucosa oral e genitália. As lesões
surgem em grupamento e são encontradas em vários estágios de evolução.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Suporte
(antitérmico, analgésico, banhos de permanganato de potássio e
anti-histamínicos); o AAS é contra indicado pelo risco da síndrome de reye.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mononucleose
infecciosa:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Etiologia:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;90%
EBV; 5 a 10% - Toxoplasmose, rubéola, citomegalovirus, hepatite, HIV e
adenovirus.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transmissão:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Contato com gotículas de saliva da pessoa infectada e&amp;nbsp; intercurso sexual.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clinica:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Amidalas: aumentadas de tamanho, muito hiperemiadas, com petequias em palato e
exsudato fibropurulento. Linfadenomegalia (90%), os linfonodos mais aumentados
são os cervicais anteriores e posteriores e os submandibulares. Pode haver
hepatoesplenomegalia e edema de pálpebras (Sinal de hoagland). Há também um
rash associado a ampicilina e amoxicilina &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Hidratação, antitérmicos, repouso relativo, evitar esportes de contato corporal
e atividades esportivas por 2 a 3 semanas. Pode- se usar também Prednisona em
casos de: anemia hemolítica autoimune, trombocitopenia com hemorragia,
convulsões e meningite.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Escarlatina:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Etiologia:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Streptococcus
pyogenes ou estreptococos beta-hemolitico do grupo A.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Transmissão:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
Contato com gotículas de saliva da pessoa infectada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Clinica:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
O período de incubação da escarlatina é de 2 – 5 dias. Febre alta, cala frios,
cefaleia, adinamia e dor de garganta. Ao exame: hiperemia faríngea e tonsilar
com exsudatos esbranquiçados na faringe posterior e ou nos pilares amigdalianos
e petéquias no palato. Adenopatia cervical e rash. Aparece inicialmente no
tórax e depois se estende para o restante do tronco, pescoço e membros poupando
a região palmoplantar. O exantema é formado por papulas eritematosas,
puntiformes, bem próximas uma das outras, um discreto rubor facial é marcado
por uma nítida palidez peribucal (sinal de filatov), nas pregas flexora cutânea
o exantema se intensifica (Sinal de Pastia).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
Penicilina G benzatina ou Penicilina V oral. Os alérgicos a penicilina devem
receber eritromicina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/2525130305373932704/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/doencas-exantematica.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/2525130305373932704'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/2525130305373932704'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/doencas-exantematica.html' title='Doenças exantemática'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-968568567883839311</id><published>2014-06-01T15:57:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2014-06-01T15:57:36.818-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Aleitamento Materno</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O
aleitamento materno deve ser iniciado o mais precoce possível, se houver desejo
da mãe pode ser iniciado ainda na sala de parto. É de grande importância uma
vez que está ligado a: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;interação profunda entre mãe e filho;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Repercussões no estado nutricional,
imunológico, desenvolvimento físico e afetivo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Implicações na saúde física e psíquica
da mãe;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pode
ser classificado em:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Aleitamento
materno exclusivo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Somente
leite materno, direto da mama ou ordenhado,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;vitaminas, sais
de hidratação oral, suplementos minerais ou medicamentos;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Aleitamento
materno predominante&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Alem
do leite materno, recebe água, sucos de frutas e outros fluidos em quantidades
limitadas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Aleitamento
materno complementado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Finalidade
de complementação e não de substituição. Sólidos ou semissólidos para
complementar a alimentação;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Aleitamento
materno misto ou parcial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Leite
materno e outros tipos de leite.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O MS e a OMS recomendam o aleitamento
materno exclusivo nos primeiros seis meses de vida. Não há necessidade de
oferecer outro alimento nem outros líquidos, caso contrário o processo de
desmame terá sido iniciado. A partir dos seis meses de vida, o leite materno
deve ser complementado com outros alimentos, por ser insuficiente como alimento
único. Ainda permanece como fonte importante de vitaminas A e C, proteínas,
energias e elementos imunológicos. Não há recomendação do uso de nenhum outro
tipo de leite. O leite materno deve ser mantido, no mínimo, até os dois anos de
idade. Diversos são os benefícios para mãe e RN como mostrado no quadro abaixo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbBlaMH7MIxWfAIfAFx4va3I4sxke_IlaVdSqG2wYssNJK8pTaTh5UTFer6-YRV__TU3tNEBdlKFDVnQnACVFTvCP5UBsLAV3KtWTbrw8-Sk06vTZTZyS2xrerJCUe3NI2ABeSwk3CCvvO/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbBlaMH7MIxWfAIfAFx4va3I4sxke_IlaVdSqG2wYssNJK8pTaTh5UTFer6-YRV__TU3tNEBdlKFDVnQnACVFTvCP5UBsLAV3KtWTbrw8-Sk06vTZTZyS2xrerJCUe3NI2ABeSwk3CCvvO/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; height=&quot;388&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Contra
indicação:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mães infectadas pelo HIV;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mães infectadas pelo HTLV1 e HTLV2;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Uso de medicamentos incompatíveis com a
amamentação. Alguns fármacos são citados como contraindicações absolutas ou
relativas ao aleitamento, como por exemplo, os antineoplásicos e radiofármacos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Criança portadora de galactosemia,
doença rara em que ela não pode ingerir leite humano ou qualquer outro que
contenha lactose.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Técnicas
de posicionamento e pega:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As
duas mamas devem ser oferecidas em todas as mamadas. O RN suga mais
vigorosamente a primeira, acabando pro não esvaziar completamente a segunda. A
próxima mamada, a mama que não foi completamente esvaziada deve ser oferecida
em primeiro lugar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O RN deve abocanhar toda a aréola, com a
boca aberta e o lábio inferior evertido, com o queixo tocando a mama. O bebê
deve ter seu corpo voltado para a mãe, mantendo um eixo axial único.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A boca deve estar centrada em frente ao
mamilo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Os lábios devem estar virados para fora
e sua língua sobre a gengiva inferior.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Quando o bebê termina de amamentar, o
mamilo deve estar alongado e redondo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim-PPhVCCSkGIjpJZGzm9ragrXD6A4hYRRslmdxsMmeU6ncCAficwCLOKc_ElA8KVXSXboj9YM7o0vahE-CPSgN15ArzapzLd-soEH1dS_X7U9qEaI-No6I5HbicRtMsKU8be3N3QLzuDb/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim-PPhVCCSkGIjpJZGzm9ragrXD6A4hYRRslmdxsMmeU6ncCAficwCLOKc_ElA8KVXSXboj9YM7o0vahE-CPSgN15ArzapzLd-soEH1dS_X7U9qEaI-No6I5HbicRtMsKU8be3N3QLzuDb/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; height=&quot;452&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Leite
Materno:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O
leite materno possui inúmeras vantagens quando comparado a leite de vaca ou
leites industrializados. O leite materno possui proteínas, lipídeos,
carboidratos, minerais e vitaminas e 88% de água. Além disso, possui a
importante função de consolidar um vínculo psicoemocional no binômio mãe-filho.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Fatores
protetores&lt;b&gt;: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Contra infecções;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Fatores
Específicos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Imunoglobulinas (IgA, IgM, e IgG). A IgA secretória,
impede a agressão do intestino por bactérias e toxinas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Fatores
inespecíficos: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fator
bífido:&lt;u&gt; &lt;/u&gt;Substrato para Lactobacilos bífidus impede a proliferação de micro-organismos
patogênicos;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Lisozima:
Lise da parede celular de bactérias gram + e -;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Lactoferrina:
diminui a biodisponibilidade do ferro para patógenos. Aumenta a biodisponibilidade
do ferro para o lactente;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Neutrófilos,
macrófagos e linfócitos que ativam outras células de defesa;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikCv8o8oNQMzO4fr7yT2CiHrf1W9HKOCz7zN6voOIB9eFkRPjATJc9G2cksPO7a6v5NiH2Rv_3l5pWmdsZ1yf1GryWOyDzlCXZt1liBcNEXrQnoOM9G3f7YwZuykW-hU8g-vFKnGrWGMv7/s1600/Sem+t%25C3%25ADtulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikCv8o8oNQMzO4fr7yT2CiHrf1W9HKOCz7zN6voOIB9eFkRPjATJc9G2cksPO7a6v5NiH2Rv_3l5pWmdsZ1yf1GryWOyDzlCXZt1liBcNEXrQnoOM9G3f7YwZuykW-hU8g-vFKnGrWGMv7/s1600/Sem+t%25C3%25ADtulo.png&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Proteínas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Concentração de
proteínas do leite materno é menos que no leite de vaca, ou seja, não provoca
sobrecarga renal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Leite Humano (80% de lactoalbulmina e
20% de caseína)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Leite de Vaca (20% de lactoalbulmina e
80% de caseína) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gorduras:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; A concentração de
gordura é maior no final da mamada e no final do dia;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Células de defesa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;: O leite materno
possui linfócitos T e B, monócitos, macrófagos, neutrófilos e células epiteliais
que estimulam o sistema imunológico;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/968568567883839311/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/aleitamento-materno_1.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/968568567883839311'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/968568567883839311'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/aleitamento-materno_1.html' title='Aleitamento Materno'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbBlaMH7MIxWfAIfAFx4va3I4sxke_IlaVdSqG2wYssNJK8pTaTh5UTFer6-YRV__TU3tNEBdlKFDVnQnACVFTvCP5UBsLAV3KtWTbrw8-Sk06vTZTZyS2xrerJCUe3NI2ABeSwk3CCvvO/s72-c/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-8977558959624159176</id><published>2014-06-01T15:51:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2014-06-01T15:51:13.618-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Infecções de vias aereas superiores</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;As infecções das vias aéreas superiores (IVAS) são
seguramente as causas mais freqüentes de atendimentos pediátricos, tanto em
prontos-socorros como em consultórios. Elas compreendem as rinofaringites, otites,
sinusites e laringites.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; São infecções que
apresentam características comuns quanto à etiologia, faixa etária,
sazonalidade e prognóstico. Quanto à etiologia, a grande maioria é provocada
por agentes virais. Acometem principalmente as crianças entre seis meses e
cinco anos de idade, com pico de incidência no outono e inverno e prognóstico
favorável, sem complicações, na imensa maioria dos casos.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As IVAS apresentam,
ainda, em comum alguns fatores predisponentes, como escolaridade precoce,
alergia respiratória e prática de aulas de natação. A escolaridade precoce, a
partir do quinto mês de vida, confina crianças suscetíveis e em fase de
imunidade recebida da mãe em seu mais baixo nível, em ambientes de grande
concentração de agentes virais e bacterianos. A alergia respiratória leva a
inflamação e formação de muco, diminuindo as defesas locais das mucosas das
vias aéreas e favorecendo a colonização das mesmas pelos agentes
infecciosos.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A natação, indicada
indiscriminadamente, sem nenhum tipo de critério, devido ao poder irritante do
cloro sobre a mucosa, pode levar a um agravo da alergia respiratória, com
conseqüente facilitação da instalação do processo infeccioso. Além desse fato,
há ainda que levar em conta o choque térmico a que a criança muitas vezes é
submetida, com conseqüente queda das defesas locais das mucosas e maior risco
de instalação do processo infeccioso.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Rinofaringite&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O termo rinofaringite é empregado, principalmente, em substituição a
&quot;resfriado comum&quot;. A infecção que afeta a rinofaringe é a mais
freqüente em lactentes e crianças maiores, daí sua importância na prática
pediátrica.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Etiologia&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A rinofaringite é entidade infecciosa produzida por vários tipos de vírus entre
os quais podemos citar: influenza, adenovírus, parainfluenza, rinovírus e
outros. A fase purulenta, secundária, é produzida por bactérias invasoras,
sendo as mais freqüentes o pneumococo, os estreptococos hemolíticos, o
Haemophilus influenzae e os estafilococos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Quadro clínico&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O quadro clínico varia do lactente para a criança maior. Nos dois primeiros
anos de vida a febre é sintoma predominante. A coriza está sempre presente,
sendo hialina na fase inicial e podendo transformar-se em purulenta na fase
final. Tosse e mal-estar, com irritabilidade e anorexia, completam o quadro,
que evolui, quando não complicado, para a cura em três a cinco dias. Na criança
maior o quadro é praticamente o mesmo, apenas a febre é que pode estar ausente
ou, então, temos apenas um estado subfebril.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As complicações mais freqüentes são a otite média aguda, as bronquites e
broncopneumonias e as sinusites agudas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O tratamento é totalmente sintomático, não havendo necessidade de utilização de
antibióticos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;, a não ser em casos com as complicações acima
citadas. Utiliza-se o ácido acetilsalicílico para a febre, na dosagem de 50 a
70 mg/kg/dia, fracionado em quatro tomadas. Para a coriza se usa solução
fisiológica instilada freqüentemente, duas a três gotas em cada narina, e nos
casos de muita obstrução nasal e que causem muito desconforto à criança se
emprega amoximetazolina 0,025%, no máximo três vezes ao dia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Faringites &amp;nbsp;agudas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As infecções agudas da faringe não são muito habituais no primeiro ano de vida,
mas ocorrem, a partir daí, com bastante freqüência.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Etiologia&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Antigamente se acreditava que todas as infecções da faringe eram provocadas por
bactérias, principalmente o estreptococo hemolítico do grupo b. Atualmente
estudos epidemiológicos e microbiológicos demonstram que agentes virais estão
envolvidos em grande número de faringites, sendo seus principais causadores.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Quadro clínico&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A faringoamigdalite bacteriana é quadro agudo, com temperatura elevada (39 a
40oC), sendo que nas primeiras 24 horas praticamente não existem sinais ou
sintomas faríngeos. Ao fim do primeiro dia começam a surgir os sinais de comprometimento
faringoamigdaliano, com ardor e dor à deglutição. O aspecto local varia desde
moderada congestão faringoamigdaliana até aspecto bastante avermelhado, com
edema e lesões exsudativas, tanto da faringe como das amígdalas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O quadro clínico da faringoamigdalite não bacteriana se apresenta como
sintomatologia mais leve, com ardor e dor faríngea desde o início, bem como a
duração dos sintomas é bem mais curta e quase sempre acompanhada de rinorréia e
afonia. Apesar disso, o diagnóstico diferencial entre um quadro e outro só pode
ser efetuado mediante culturas bacterianas e outras análises que permitam
evidenciar a presença de agente viral.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As complicações mais freqüentes da faringoamigdalite são as linfadenites
cervicais e otites médias; menos freqüentes são os abscessos amigdalianos e as
pneumonias.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O tratamento específico consiste na administração de antibioticoterapia, a
saber:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Penicilina benzatina IM, 50.000 U/kg em dose única;&lt;br /&gt;
2. Eritromicina 50 mg/kg/dia, via oral em 4 tomadas, por 7 a 10 dias em
pacientes alérgicos à penicilina.&lt;br /&gt;
Além disso, usar antitérmico, ácido acetilsalicíclico 50 a 70 mg/kg/dia, em
quatro tomadas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Otite média aguda&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As otites médias agudas são afecções freqüentes nas crianças entre 0 e 4 anos
de idade, havendo depois dessa fase um decréscimo significativo em sua
incidência.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Na grande maioria dos casos são processos infecciosos bacterianos e que surgem
em conseqüência de infecções virais da rinofaringe. Podem ocorrer casos
esporádicos em que o processo viral inicial não está presente, como acontece em
lactentes jovens submetidos a posições errôneas de aleitamento e, menos
freqüentemente, em casos de infecção bacteriana isolada do ouvido médio.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Etiologia&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Os agentes infecciosos causadores da otite média aguda na criança são, em ordem
de freqüência, o pneumococo, Haemophilus influenzae (capsulado ou não) e a
Moraxella catharralis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Quadro clínico&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A otite média aguda, como o próprio nome indica, é um quadro agudo de início
abrupto, caracterizado por dor intensa na orelha acometida, sendo de fácil
identificação em crianças que falam e caracterizando-se por choro estridente e
sem acalmia, em lactentes. Na imensa maioria das vezes é doença febril e atinge
a criança durante ou imediatamente após um quadro de infecção viral da
rinofaringe. A dor é provocada pela formação de um verdadeiro abscesso no
ouvido médio, que por vezes rompe a membrana timpânica, drenando através do
conduto auditivo e levando à chamada otite média supurada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O diagnóstico é suspeitado pela história clínica e confirmado pela otoscopia
que revela hiperemia do conduto auditivo, hiperemia e abaulamento da membrana
timpânica e, nos casos de supuração, mostra saída de pus através do conduto
auditivo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O tratamento da otite média aguda compreende atender a dor do paciente, que é
intensa, bem como o tratamento etiológico, a fim de resolver o processo. Para
atender à dor usamos analgésicos, como paracetamol ou dipirona, bem como
realizamos compressas quentes secas no ouvido, com resultado bastante
satisfatório. O tratamento etiológico é por nós iniciado com o uso da
amoxicilina, uma vez que o principal agente causal é o pneumococo e, no caso do
hemófilos, a grande maioria é não capsulado e, portanto, com resistência bem
menor aos derivados da ampicilina.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Em casos de otites médias recidivantes ou naquelas cuja resposta terapêutica
não é satisfatória, podendo sugerir a presença da moraxela, usamos a associação
amoxicilina/clavulanato ou amoxicilina/sulbactam ou, então, uma cefalosporina
de segunda geração, como o cefaclor. Gotas otológicas somente são indicadas em
caso de supuração e enquanto esta perdurar. O uso de descongestionantes nasais
sistêmicos, bem como de corticosteróides é extremamente controvertido, embora
seja defendido por alguns otorrinolaringologistas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Mastoidite&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mastoidite é uma infecção supurativa das células aeradas da mastóide. É
potencialmente uma complicação de todos os casos de otite média, devido à
continuidade da linha mucoperiostal da mastóide com aquela do ouvido médio. A
doença mastoidite pode ser assintomática, com resolução espontânea, chegando
até doença progressiva grave, mesmo com tratamento. Com o advento da
antibioticoterapia no tratamento dos processos infecciosos auditivos, houve uma
diminuição muito grande na freqüência da mastoidite, fato que tornou os
pediatras menos capazes de fazer seu diagnóstico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Etiologia&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Os agentes etiológicos mais freqüentemente envolvidos na mastoidite são, em
primeiro lugar, o Streptococcus pyogenes (estreptococo hemolítico do grupo A);
o S. pneumoniae (pneumococo) é o segundo mais freqüentemente isolado e em
terceiro lugar vem o Staphylococcus aureus. O H. influenzae é muito menos
isolado nos casos de pacientes com mastoidite e otite média do que quando só
existe infecção do ouvido médio.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
No caso de mastoidite crônica muda o quadro bacteriológico, sendo, por ordem de
freqüência, mais comumente encontrados o S. aureus e bacilos gram-negativos, em
particular Pseudomonas aeruginosa e, menos freqüentemente, organismos
anaeróbios.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Quadro clínico&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O quadro clínico da mastoidite, na grande maioria das vezes, é representado por
uma doença febril aguda, dor de ouvido, na grande maioria dos casos com otite
média aguda. Após dias, às vezes semanas, do início desse quadro surgem na
região retroauricular, descendo até a apófise mastóide, edema, calor e rubor de
extensão variável.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dentre as complicações mais freqüentes provocadas pela mastoidite, podemos
citar: abscesso subperiostal, paralisia facial, meningite, abscesso cerebral,
empiema subdural, tromboflebite dos seios venosos, osteomielite do temporal e
perda de audição.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Diagnóstico&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O diagnóstico da mastoidite é baseado principalmente nos dados clínicos e
auxiliado por radiografia específica. Atualmente, a tomografia computadorizada
tem sido o exame de escolha dos especialistas, visando confirmar o diagnóstico
clínico de mastoidite. A cintilografia com tecnésio não é indicada de rotina,
mas pode ser utilizada em casos de dúvida.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Utilizamos a antibioticoterapia empírica, visando cobrir todos os principais
agentes causadores de mastoidite. Assim sendo, utilizamos uma associação de
oxacilina e ceftriaxone, nas dosagens de 200 mg/kg/dia e 100 mg/kg/dia,
respectivamente. A duração do tratamento nunca é inferior a 14 dias, podendo inclusive
prolongar-se por mais tempo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A necessidade de drenagem cirúrgica deve sempre ser avaliada conjuntamente com
o especialista.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nos casos de mastoidite crônica usamos duas associações: clindamicina (50
mgkg/dia) e ceftriaxone, a fim de cobrir, inclusive, a possibilidade de agente
anaeróbio, sendo que nesses casos devemos considerar a eventual substituição do
ceftriaxone pela associação ceftazidime (100 mg/kg/dia) e amicacina (15
mg/kg/dia) em caso de suspeita de Pseudomonas aeruginosa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sinusites&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As sinusites agudas são patologias infecciosas bacterianas dos seios
paranasais. Elas eram muito pouco diagnosticadas há 10 ou 15 anos, sendo
naquela época até questionada sua existência. Dessa época para cá com o avanço
dos meios diagnósticos, seu diagnóstico passou a ser feito com mais freqüência
e hoje o que se vê é que a sinusite é superdiagnosticada em Prontos-Socorros de
Pediatria, seguramente muitas vezes erroneamente e com prejuízo para o
paciente. Como veremos, a sinusopatia pressupõe, primeiro, seios aerados para
ocorrer e, em segundo lugar, apresentar clínica e não deve basear-se
exclusivamente em um achado radiológico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Desenvolvimento dos seios paranasais&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Os seios etmoidais se localizam em ambos os lados da linha média do osso
etmóide, que se apresenta limitado lateralmente pela órbita, fato esse que
permite a extensão da etmoidite até a região periorbitária. Eles apresentam
aeração parcial já ao nascimento.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Os seios maxilares ao nascimento estão pouco aerados, apresentando uma aeração
mais diferenciada a partir do segundo semestre de vida e vão completando-se a
partir do quarto ano de vida.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O seio frontal está presente ao nascimento, mas não se acha aerado, fato esse
que só ocorrerá a partir do oitavo ano de vida.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Os seios esfenoidais apresentam desenvolvimento lento e, por serem isolados,
ficam preservados de infecções freqüentes. Sua aeração só se inicia em torno do
terceiro ou quarto ano de idade.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Patogênese&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Acredita-se que a obstrução dos óstios de drenagem seja a primeira manifestação
a ocorrer nas sinusites. Por isso, na maioria das vezes, a rinite ou resfriado
comum precedem, invariavelmente, a instalação de uma sinusite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Etiologia&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A etiologia das sinusites é semelhante à das otites, sendo representado pelo
pneumococo, Haemophilus influenzae (capsulado ou não), Moraxella catarrhalis,
Streptococcus pyogenes, e muito raramente anaeróbios.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nos quadros de sinusite que se cronificam a ordem de freqüência se modifica,
passando a etiologia a ser representada por Streptococcus alfa-hemolitico,
Stafilococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis e, por último, pneumococo e
Haemophilus influenzae.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Quadro clínico&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O quadro clínico das sinusites é definido pela sua patogenia, obstrução de vias
de drenagem e formação de secreção mucopurulenta que passa a ser eliminada. Por
isso, na grande maioria dos casos, temos tosse produtiva, principalmente
noturna, impedindo a criança de dormir e secreção mucopurulenta nasal
constante, principalmente pela manhã. A febre nem sempre está presente e,
portanto, sinusite não é diagnóstico diferencial de febre de algumas horas e
sem achados clínicos. Em lactentes com etmoidite poderemos ter o edema
periorbitário, devido à contigüidade com a órbita como único sinal da doença. A
célebre cefaléia só ocorre após os oito anos, pois é só nessa época que o seio
frontal se pneumatiza e podemos ter sua infecção.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Assim, vemos que sinusite tem clínica, tem epidemiologia e tem sinais clínicos,
não sendo diagnosticada com base exclusivamente em febre ou em um achado
radiológico que poderá apenas significar uma infecção pregressa, já curada, mas
ainda sem a restituição total da aeração do seio em questão.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As complicações mais freqüentes e graves das sinusites são as celulites
periorbitárias pós-septais e a propagação intracraniana da infecção, podendo
ocorrer meningite, empiema subdural, abscessos parenquimatosos e a mais temida,
trombose do seio cavernoso.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Diagnóstico&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A suspeita clínica deve ser confirmada através do RX, realizado por técnico
experiente; caso contrário teremos muita margem de erro, dado que existem
posições específicas para se visualizarem os seios da face. Deve-se, também,
levar em conta a época de pneumatização dos seios, para não incorrer em erros.
A tomografia é o método de escolha para confirmar o diagnóstico de sinusite,
mas, dado seu alto custo, só deverá ser realizado em casos de muita dúvida.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O tratamento da sinusite aguda é feito com antibioticoterapia, semelhante à
usada na otite média, uma vez que os agentes são praticamente os mesmos. O que
muda e é importante é a duração do mesmo, que não deve ser inferior a 15 dias.
Muitos dos insucessos no tratamento das sinusites ocorrem por serem curtos,
levando às vezes à cronificação do processo. Nos casos crônicos, a duração da
terapêutica se estende por três a quatro semanas e, nos casos em que haja
suspeita de anaeróbio, deve-se associar a clindamicina.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A exemplo do que ocorre na otite média aguda, o tratamento com
descongestionantes (tópicos ou sistêmicos), bem como o uso de corticóide, é
controverso.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Laringites&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As infecções agudas da laringe têm importância pela freqüência com que acometem
as crianças, principalmente os lactentes, e pelo risco potencial de levar a
insuficiência respiratória obstrutiva aguda, com risco de vida.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Laringite estridulosa&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A laringite estridulosa acomete preferencialmente crianças de um a cinco anos
de idade. Geralmente é precedida por um resfriado comum, mas na verdade sua
etiologia é desconhecida, admitindo-se principalmente o comprometimento
alérgico, pessoal ou de familiares. Ela é sazonal e ocorre com freqüência nos
meses de inverno, principalmente em noites com queda brusca de temperatura e
quetenham sido precedidos por um dia mais quente.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O quadro é agudo e se instala em criança previamente hígida e que acorda no
meio da noite com estridor, cornagem, dificuldade respiratória e tosse rouca,
envoluindo afebril. Após algumas horas o processo regride e a criança se
encontra novamente bem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A conduta nesses casos, embora controversa na literatura, que acredita na
remissão espontânea, é o uso de vapor quente e corticoterapia, tentando evitar
o edema de glote e a necessidade de intubação e/ou traqueostomia. Raramente há
necessidade de recorrer ao uso de adrenalina, por via inalatória ou subcutânea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A doença evolui em surtos, recidivando a cada ano por uma a três vezes, até
que, por volta de cinco anos de idade, o processo desaparece definitivamente.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Laringite viral&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A laringite viral é a forma mais comum de acometimento da laringe em crianças e
se inicia, geralmente, por um quadro respiratório mais alto que depois acomete
a laringe e também a traquéia. É a causa mais comum de obstrução respiratória
alta na infância, sendo que em torno de 5% a 10% dos casos necessitam de
hospitalização e desse número de 1% a 2% necessitam de intubação.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Etiologia&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Os agentes mais comuns são os vírus parainfluenza tipo I e II e,
ocasionalmente, os vírus influenza A e B e o vírus sincicial respiratório.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Quadro clínico&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O quadro se inicia como um resfriado comum, com tosse seca, febre e rinorréia
hialina; com a evolução surge a tosse rouca, pelo edema inflamatório das cordas
vocais. Surgem o estridor, a cornagem e obstrução alta, que será tanto mais
grave quanto menor for a idade da criança, dado o menor calibre da laringe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Apesar da eterna controvérsia, a partir da década de 80 a literatura mostra o
benefício para o paciente na utilização da terapia com corticóide por via
sistêmica, tanto dexametasona quanto prednisolona, sendo que o emprego precoce
dessas drogas reduz o número de pacientes que necessitam de UTI e ventilação
assistida.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Epiglotite aguda&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
É um processo infeccioso da epiglote e dos tecidos vizinhos, de instalação
abrupta e rapidamente progressiva, constituindo-se em emergência médica, pelo
risco de obstrução respiratória, que pode levar à morte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Acomete crianças de dois a cinco anos de idade, com pico em torno de 3,5 anos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O agente etiológico é o Haemophilus influenzae capsulado do tipo b, sendo uma
doença que se instala através de bacteremia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O quadro clínico é febril, agudo, não há pródromos de infecção de rinofaringe,
ocorrendo rapidamente dor à deglutição, estridor, cornagem e letargia, o que dá
à doença o motivo para ser chamada &quot;falso crupe&quot;. Por vezes, na fase
inicial, ao examinarmos o &quot;cavum&quot; podemos ver a epiglote edemaciada,
com coloração vermelho intenso e brilhante.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quando a criança nos chega em fase mais avançada ela se acha irritada, com a
boca aberta, sialorréia intensa e a expressão ansiosa, com o pescoço estendido
e a cabeça inclinada para frente. Deve-se colher hemocultura, que apresenta em
torno de 50% a 80% de sensibilidade, para confirmar o diagnóstico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
É consenso que na suspeita de epiglotite deve proceder-se a intubação a fim de
preservar a via respiratória e a vida do paciente. A seguir se inicia a
antibioticoterapia, hoje instituindo-se o ceftriaxone, que é uma cefalosporina
de terceira geração, uma vez que não há descrição na literatura de Haemophilus
influenzae tipo b resistente a ela.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Com o tratamento, geralmente o paciente é extubado em 48 a 72 horas e recebe a
antibioticoterapia por sete a dez dias, com recuperação total.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/8977558959624159176/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/infeccoes-de-vias-aereas-superiores.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/8977558959624159176'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/8977558959624159176'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/infeccoes-de-vias-aereas-superiores.html' title='Infecções de vias aereas superiores'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-6954158653000429446</id><published>2014-06-01T15:39:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2014-06-01T15:39:53.270-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Leucemias e linfomas</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Classificação do
leucócitos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Os
leucócitos são divididos em granulócitos (neutrófilos, eosinófilos e basófilos)
e agranulócitos (linfócitos e monócitos).&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;O seu número varia com a
idade, sexo e condições fisiológicas. No adulto normal é de 6000 a 10000/µl. Têm
como função geral a defesa humoral e tecidular e podem migrar através da parede
dos capilares. Todos os leucócitos exibem movimentos ameboides, que lhes
permitem migrar para dentro e para fora (diapedese) do sistema circulatório e
pelos tecidos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Os neutrófilos possuem núcleo trilobular e tem
a função de fagocitose. Os eosinófilos possuem núcleo bilobular, são também
células fagocitárias que atuam em processos alérgicos e parasitoses
intestinais. Os basófilos são células com grânulos mais grosseiros que liberam
histamina e heparina. Os linfócitos são células mononucleadas com núcleo grande
dividida em : linfócito T citotóxico, linfócitos T auxiliares, linfócitos T
supressores e linfócitos B. Os monócitos são células com núcleo em forma de rim
que se convertem nos tecidos em macrófagos, células fagocitárias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQcT9gBpls1SECE6K1noZksL_wosLAC2EkWnDABE0NJNL3i8cUOOnMuFP1QeaJ6eFmrmy8_hVD3rVLYMWzyT_Jlt2P4LQIEsM4tiXR2W4DVgzJYd3ly0FH10SNdonMXwF43Yd1juunzsHh/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQcT9gBpls1SECE6K1noZksL_wosLAC2EkWnDABE0NJNL3i8cUOOnMuFP1QeaJ6eFmrmy8_hVD3rVLYMWzyT_Jlt2P4LQIEsM4tiXR2W4DVgzJYd3ly0FH10SNdonMXwF43Yd1juunzsHh/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; height=&quot;292&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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 &lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:formulas&gt;
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&lt;/o:lock&gt;&lt;/v:path&gt;&lt;/v:stroke&gt;&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_2&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1027&quot; style=&quot;height: 209.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 286.5pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Granulopoiese&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Consiste no
desenvolvimento dos leucócitos dentro da medula óssea. Da mesma forma que os
eritrócitos a medida que essas células de diferenciam elas reduzem seu
diâmetro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_s1028&quot; strokecolor=&quot;#243f60 [1604]&quot; strokeweight=&quot;2pt&quot; style=&quot;height: 3.55pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 53.75pt; margin-top: 7.35pt; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 7.9pt; z-index: 3;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t13&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mieloblasto&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
promielócito&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; meilócito&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; metamielócito&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; bastões&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Segmentados&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Linfopoiese&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É
caracterizada por apenas dois estágios precursores: linfoblasto, pro-linfócito
e linfócito maduro. A principal característica da linfopoiese é uma diminuição
progressiva do tamanho da célula.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Trombopoiese&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As plaquetas
derivam na unidade formadora de megacariócitos e a sua formação inclui a
seguinte sequência: megacarioblasto, pró-megacariócito, megacariócito e
plaquetas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É
a leucemia mais comum, afetando uma faixa etária bastante ampla. É uma doença
maligna, caracterizada pela rápida proliferação de blastos, acumulando-se na
medula óssea e impedindo a produção normal de outras células sanguíneas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Embora
rara (1,2% de óbitos por doenças hematológicas nos EUA), é o principal tipo de
leucemia aguda afetando adultos (80% dos casos) e raramente ocorre em crianças.
Tem ligeira preferência pelo sexo masculino.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mecanismos envolvidos na etiologia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;Sabe-se que na
maioria das neoplasias há expressão de um ou mais oncogêneses (porções do DNA
responsáveis pelo bloqueio da apoptose). Normalmente esses oncogêneses estão
localizados em regiões inativas dos cromossomos. Contudo mutações podem ativar
esses genes e suprimir anti-oncogêneses. As alterações cromossomais mais
importantes na LMA são as translocações e inversões. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Os
mecanismos envolvidos são os seguintes: ativação de gens anormais por
translocação de cromossomos ou outras anormalidades genéticas. A maior parte
dos pacientes não tem fator de risco identificável. Os fatores congênitos que
podem contribuir para o aparecimento da doença são: Síndrome de Down,
neutropenia congênita, anemia de Falconi (patologia autossômica recessiva associada a instabilidade cromossômica,
caracterizada por heterogeneidade fenotípica, que inclui falência medular,
múltiplas malformações congênitas, predisposição para o desenvolvimento de
leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) e hipersensibilidade celular a agentes formadores
de ligações cruzadas de ADN), neurofibromatoses. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A presença de doenças hematológicas
prévias como síndrome mielodisplasica (mais frequente em idosos), anemia
aplástica, policitemia vera, hemoglobinúria paroxística noturna, predispõe
também ao surgimento dessa patologia. Fatores ambientais como exposição a
radiação ionizante, tabagismo, benzeno e outros solventes e quimioterapia
prévia. Porém, na maioria das vezes não existe um fator identificado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fisiopatologia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;Os miloblastos tem a função de formarem os glóbulos brancos. Um
mieloblasto normal induz a maturação dos leucócitos. Na LMA um único
mieloblasto anormal mantém os demais leucócitos em seu estado imaturo,
impedindo a maturação celular. Associado a isto estão às mutações que impedem o
controle da proliferação celular. Ocorre também um impedimento da apoptose,
produzindo o acumulo dessas células na medula (acumulo de blastos). A
proliferação excessiva dessa resulta em redução da produção de eritrócitos,
leucócitos normais e plaquetas, pela falta de espaço medular. As consequências
disso são anemias pela eritropenia, sangramentos devido à plaquetopenia e risco
aumentado de infecções devido as lecocitoses a custa de blastos (apesar do
aumento de meiloblastos estes são imaturos e não conseguem promover a proteção
ao organismo).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Apresentação clínica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
tríade sintomática da leucemia aguda é: astenia (fraqueza), hemorragia e febre
(todos sintomas relativos a insuficiência hematopoiética medular). São sintomas
também encontrados na anemia aplástica e, por isso essa deve ser considerada
como diagnóstico diferencial. Além dessa tríade encontra-se: palidez (devido a
anemia), sangramento gengival, metrorragia, hematomas ou outros sangramentos
(devido a plaquetopenia, as vezes a diátese hemorrágica é desproporcional ao
grau de plaquetopenia, devido a disfunção plaquetária). Infecções (devido a não
diferenciação dos blastos), dores ósseas (expansão da medula óssea pelo
processo leucêmico). Em caso de febre deve-se sempre pensar em infecção ou em
neoplasia. Se os neutrófilos &amp;lt;1000 indica uma neutropenia grave e nesse caso
deve-se usar ATB de amplo espectro. Hepatoesplenomegalia ou adenomegalias são
raros.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Quando
a leucometria alcança valores muito elevados, acarretando hiperleucocitose pode
ocorrer aumento da viscosidade sanguínea e os leucócitos podem aderir ao
endotélio das veias pulmonares e de outros órgãos, gerando sintomas
neurológicos (cefaleia, borramento visual, parestesias, torpor, coma, crise
convulsiva), pulmonares e genito-urinários. Esta é chamada de crise leucostase.
OBS: quando os blastos estão presentes apenas na medula e ausentes na periferia
fala-se que tem-se leucemia alêucemica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Patologia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O hemograma é caracterizado por: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Leucocitose:
usualmente de aproximadamente 15.000/µl. Sendo que, em 20% dos pacientes os
leucometria será&amp;gt;100.000 (leucocitose severa), em 30% será &amp;lt;5.000
(paciente sem leucocitose); &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Neutropenia
(blastos não se diferenciam em neutrófilos);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Anemia
normocítica e normocrômica (moderada a grave) sem reticulocitose;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Plaquetopenia
(graus variáveis);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;95%
dos pacientes apresentam meiloblastos circulantes;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A hematoscopia pode conter os
seguintes achados:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;É
comum predomínio superior a 70% de blastos sobre os outros leucócitos, porém
presença de mais de 5% de blastos no sangue periférico é indicativo de leucemia
mieloíde aguda;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Presença
de grânulos azurofílos citoplasmáticos (define a linhagem granulocítica) e
bastonetes de AUER (patognômonico da LMA, são filamentos eosinofílicos);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Anomalias metabólicas secundária ao tunover exagerado das
células neoplásicas: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hiperuricemia
(aumento da produção de ácido úrico decorrente de hiperproliferação celular),
hipercalemia (morte celular gera maior liberação de potássio), hiperfosfatemia,
hipercalcemia (blastos produzem peptídeos com ação semelhante ao paratormônio).
Esse conjunto de alterações é chamado de síndrome de lise tumoral (temida
complicação da quimioterapia).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diagnóstico: punção
aspirativa da medula&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O diagnóstico deve ser sempre
confirmado pelo mielograma, obtido pelo aspirado da medula óssea, geralmente
com punção da crista ilíaca. O aspirado mostrará uma medula óssea hipercelular,
devido a substituição das ceululas normais por blastos. Infiltrado de
meiloblastos, monoblastos, promonócitos, promielócitos anormais e
megacarioblastos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O diagnostico é firmado pela presença
de mais de 20% de blastos na medula, isso porque outros patologias com achados
semelhantes cursam com presença de blastos &amp;lt;20%. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
aspirado ainda permite avaliação citogenética, que é utilizada para tipar e
subtipar a leucemia, permitindo inferir o prognóstico e definir o tratamento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fatores de riscos em adultos com LMA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoTableGrid&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fatores
  favoráveis &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fatores
  desfavoráveis&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Idade
  &amp;lt;50 anos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Idade
  &amp;gt;60 anos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Fenótipo MDR-1 negativo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fenótipo
  MDR-2 positivo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ausência
  de desordem hematologia ou quimioterapia ou radioterapia prévias&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Presença
  de desordem hematológica ou tratamento prévio com quimioterapia e/ou
  radioterapia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Presença
  de determinadas alterações cariotipas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Presença
  de determinada alterações cariotipas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;escore de Karnofsky &lt;/a&gt;permite avaliar o grau de capacidade
do paciente de realizar suas atividades habituais. Quanto menor o escore mais
limitado é o paciente e pior sera seu prognóstico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_1&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; style=&quot;height: 443.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 425.25pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
tratamento é feito geralmente em pacientes &amp;lt;60 anos, pois nesses o
tratamento realmente é benéfico. Pacientes com mais 60 anos, apresentam pior
prognóstico, características citogenéticas desfavoráveis, elevada resistência á
drogas, por isso o tratamento nesses casos é pouco indicado. Usualmente considera-se
não só a idade cronológica como também a presença de comorbidades.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
tratamento se baseia em duas fases:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;INDUÇÃO PARA REMISSÃO: tem a função de conseguir remissão
completa, tornando as celular leucêmicas indetectáveis. É feito pela
quimioterapia (geralmente antraciclinas e citarabina). A remissão completa é
atingida em 60-80% dos casos;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;TRATAMENTO PÓS-REMISSÃO: tem a função de eliminar todo
resíduo da doença com o objetivo de se obter a cura. Antes da instituição dessa
etapa a recidiva era de 100%. É feito através de quimioterapia de consolidação
e transplante de medula (autógeno ou alogênico) para aqueles pacientes com
elevado risco de recidiva.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
cura ocorre em 30% dos casos. O tratamento ideal para a recidiva é o
transplante de medula. A quimioterapia tem alto poder mielotóxico e por isso
destrói os clones mieloblásticos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;É importante também um tratamento tanto das
complicações da doenças como das decorrentes da quimioterapia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Síndromes mielodisplásicas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Trata-se
de desordens hematológicas adquiridas, caracterizadas pela transformação
mutagênica de um clone de um progenitor hematopoiético da medula óssea, que dá
origem a células progenitoras anômalas (displásicas), incapazes de seguirem um processo
de maturação normal. Essa síndrome se manifesta por pancitopenia em graus
variados. Caracteristicamente tem-se a coexistência paradoxal de uma medula
normo ou hipercelular, associada á pancitopenia. Essa displasia das células
hematopoiéticas pode, mais cedo ou mais tarde, converter-se em uma leucemia
aguda (grande potencial para se transformar em LMA).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;A idade média de acometimento é 65-75 anos,
principalmente homens. Alguns doentes relatam história prévia de quimioterapia
ou radiação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Patogenia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Até
o momento não é bem compreendida. Acredita-se que uma única célula progenitora
hematopoiética sofra mutações levando a displasia e hematopoiese ineficaz. As
células displásicas apresentam capacidade prejudicada de maturação. O setor
mais comprometido geralmente é o eritroíde. Por isso, quase sempre o quadro
clínico predominante é de uma anemia crônica, refratária ao tratamento
medicamentoso.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Suas causas são: genética, pelo uso de
quimioterapia(as drogas que mais levam a mielodisplasia são os agentes alquilantes)
ou radiação, causas virais, agentes químicos (benzeno) e desconhecida ou
idiopática (60-70% dos casos, também chamada de primária, geralmente se
apresenta em indivíduos &amp;gt;60 anos e tem curso mais arrastado).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Manifestações clínicas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pode
ser precedida por uma anemia macrocítica de causa inexplicada (sem evidência de
anemia megaloblástica) e discreta trombocitopenia e neutrofilia. Muitos
pacientes são assintomáticos e o diagnostico é dado por acaso. Os sinais e
sintomas existentes ocorrem devidos ás penias:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Anemia:
sintoma mais comum, frequentemente desencadeia ICC em cardiopatas. Devido a
anemia o paciente apresenta fraqueza, mal estar, adnamia, cansaço;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Neutropenia:
podendo gerar febre (infecções)e manifestações infecciosas (a chance de
infecção é desproporcional ao grau de neutropenia, devido a disfunção dos
neutrófilos gerados pelas células displásicas);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Trombocitopenias:
gerando sangramentos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A síndrome de Sweet (dermatose
neutrofílica aguda) é uma complicação das mielodisplasias, sendo um prenuncia
para evolução para LMA. Nessa síndrome, surgem placas eritomatosas no tronco e
na face, febre alta e leucocitose neutrofílica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Exame físico&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Observa-se:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Palidez
cutâneo-mucosa;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pétequias,
equimoses ou sangramentos;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Febre
(infecção);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hepatomegalia
em 30% dos casos e esplenomegalia em 10-20% dos casos (ocorre devido ao
segquestro de células por esses órgãos, hematopoiese extramedular ou
infiltração);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sinais
de IC em cardiopatas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Avaliação laboratorial&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
anemia é o achado universal, sendo de grau variável. Ela pode ser normo ou
macrocítica, com reticulopenia (displasia impede a formação medular de
reticulócitos e o corpo entende que dever aumentar a produção de hemácias), RDW
aumentado, CHCM normal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Leucopenia
com neutropenia ocorre em 50% dos casos. Apresenta neutrófilos imaturos
(mielocitos ou mieloblastos), porém &amp;lt;20% (diferentemente das leucemia).
Monocitose também pode estar presente. Plaquetopenia esta presente em 25% dos
casos. Pancitopenia em 50% dos pacientes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Punção-biopsia de medula
óssea&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;O diagnóstico deve ser suspeitado em todo paciente idoso que apresente
com anemia normocítica ou macrocítica crônica. Nestes pacientes, afastada a
existência de anemia megaloblástica, a meielodisplasia passa a ser uma forte
possibilidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
confirmação do diagnóstico é feita através da biopsia de medula óssea. Os
achados da biopsia são os seguintes: maturação mielóide reduzida; geralmente
encontra-se hipercelularidade, com uma ou mais linhas de displasia; em relação
a linha eritroíde observa-se sideroblastos em anéis (são eritroblastos que
acumulam ferro em suas mitocôndrias, dispostas em volta do núcleo da célula,
formando uma espécie de um anel de ferro); fibrose medular; presença de &amp;lt;20%
de blastos; presença de anomalias citogenéticas (mutações cromossômicas); ALIP
(localização anormal dos precursore mielóides- tomam uma posição central na
medula).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Existe
um escore para estratificar o risco do portador de mielodisplasia. Esse escore
pontua de 0 a 2, usando 3 variáveis: intensidade de blastos na medula, cariótipo
e presença de citopenias.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoTableGrid&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;escore&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0,5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1,0&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1,5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2,0&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Percentual
  de blastos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;5%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;5-10%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;11-20%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;21-30%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Cariótipo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;bom&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Intermediário
  &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;pobre&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Penias&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0/1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2/3&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Risco segundo o
escore: 0- risco baixo; 0,5 a 1,0-intermediário 1; 1,5 á 2,0- intermediário 2.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;Não há tratamento especifico para as síndromes mielodisplásicas. A
anemia existente é refratária à medicação. Os pacientes por isso, tendem a
receber transfusões de concentrados de hemácias, procurando manter a Hb acima
de 7g/dl. O tratamento depende da classificação de risco do escore, dessa forma
têm-se:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;RISCO BAIXO E INTERMEDIÁRIO: O tratamento será feito
utilizando eritropoietina, quelantes de ferro (os pacientes correm o risco de
desenvolver deposição de ferro devido as frequentes hemotransfusões) como
Deferasirox (Exjade VO) e Mesilato de deferoxamina (Desferal- subcutâneo, IM ou
EV), fator estimulador de colônias granulocíticas (G-CSF) e fator estimulador
de colônias de granulócitos e monócitos (GM-CSF). Esses últimos aumentam a
produção de glóbulos brancos e a logica de se usar esses medicamentos é que nem
todas as células estão displásicas, assim pode-se estimular as células normais.
São utilizadas em paciente com leucopenia grave e infecções. Outros
medicamentos seriam: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Azacitidina
(Vidaza): produz hipometilação do DNA, reduzindo assim o numero de células
displásicas. Injeções subcutâneas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Decitabina
(Dacogen): tem ação similar ao Vidaza;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Lenalidomida:
tem ação imunomoduladora (liga-se as células anormais e as destroem). Não é
liberado para uso aqui no Brasil.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;RISCO ELEVADO: nesses pacientes deve-se usar
quimioterapia (resposta muito ruim a quimioterapia) e transplante de medula
(única chance de cura, porém deve ser indicado em pacientes com &amp;lt;50 anos e
com boas condições clínicas).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
leucemias crônicas caracterizam-se pelo acumulo lento e gradativo de clones
neoplásicos leucocitários na medula óssea e no sangue. Ao contrário das
leucemias agudas, as células que se acumulam estão na fase tardia de maturação
(não há bloqueio de maturação).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
LMC é responsável por 15-20% das leucemias em adultos. A incidência é de 1-2
casos/1000 habitantes/ano. O pico de incidência em adultos é de 50-60 anos,
porém existe a forma infantil da doença. Tem leve predomínio no sexo masculino.
Seu fator de risco é o contato prévio com radiação ionizante. Casos familiares
são esporádicos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É
uma doença mieloproliferativa com proliferação das células granulocíticas, sem
perda de sua capacidade de diferenciação (diferentemente da LMA e síndrome
mielodisplásica). No sangue periférico observa-se aumento do numero de
granulócitos&amp;nbsp; e seus precursores
imaturos, as vezes com presença de blastos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É
causado por um tipo especifico de mutação. Mais de 90% dos casos resultam na
formação do cromossomo Philadelphia, aberração citogenética, oriunda da
translocação recíproca entre o cromossomo 9 e 21, essa fusão forma o gene
BCR-ABL1 que sintetiza enzimas que ocasionam a doença (aumentam a divisão
celular e bloqueiam a apoptose).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
clone neoplásico é capaz de se diferenciar em células maduras. Essa
diferenciação ocorre preferencialmente na série granulocítica, levando ao
acúmulo na medula óssea e no sangue periférico de neutrófilos, bastões,
metamielócitos, mielócitos e raramente mieloblastos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Manifestações clínicas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;É caracterizada por 3 tipos distintos e evolutivos de manifestações:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 41.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;CRÔNICA:
presente em 85% dos pacientes no momento do diagnóstico. Maturação de células
maduras esta mantida. A apresentação clínica é insidiosa, sendo geralmente
assintomática, descoberta de forma acidental. Existe presença de leucocitose.
Alguns pacientes apresentam sintomas gerais como: fadiga, mal estar, perda de
peso, sudorese excessiva, desconforto abdominal, esplenomegalia, hepatomegalia,
sangramentos (disfunção plaquetária), hiperuricemia (aumento do tunover da
medula óssea) gerando artrite gotosa e cálculos renais. Essa fase em tratamento
progride para a fase acelerada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 41.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;ACELERADA:
a diferenciação de neutrófilos esta reduzida. Há presença de esplenomegalia
progressiva, associada a leucocitose progressiva, sem resposta terapêutica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 41.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;BLÁSTICA:
mieloblastos e linfoblastos proliferam de maneira descontrolada (perda total da
diferenciação). Clinicamente se apresenta com sangramentos, petéquias,
equimoses, febre, dores ósseas (devido a expansão da medula) e rápido aumento
do baço. OBS: a LMC é uma das únicas causas de basofilia proeminente e
persistente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Avaliação laboratorial&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 23.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;FASE CRÔNICA: observa-se leucocitose
importante (&amp;gt;20000, as vezes &amp;gt;100.000). aumento de granulócitos maduros e
linfócitos normais. Blastos &amp;lt;2%. Leve aumento de eosinófilos e basófilos
(mais proeminentes quando inicia a fase blástica). Anemia normocítica e normocrômica.
Plaquetas normais ou trombocitose. Quando surgir plaquetopenia deve-se pensar
em outro diagnóstico, porque nessa fase há diferenciação normal das células.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 23.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;FASE ACELERADA: blastos&amp;gt;15%;
promielócitos &amp;gt;30%; basófilos &amp;gt;20% e plaquetopenia &amp;lt;100.000 (nessa
fase inicia-se a perda da diferenciação).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 23.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diagnóstico&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Deve ser suspeitado sempre que houver
leucocitose acentuada e mantida em um paciente com esplenomegalia. Nos casos
suspeito o mielograma através de biopsia medular deve ser realizado. Nesse observa-se
hiperplasia granulocítica com padrão de maturação normal, ilhas eritróides
reduzidas em numero e tamanho. Se existir mais que 10-19% de blastos trata-se
da fase acelerada, mas se esse valor for &amp;gt;20% trata-se da fase blástica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A confirmação diagnóstica é feita pela
análise citogenética através da pesquisa do cromossomo Philadelphia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diferenciação entre LMC
e reação leucemóide (gerada por um processo inflamatório)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Assim como a LMC, a reação leucemóide
tem presença de leucocitose com desvio a esquerda. Porém nessa, há presença de
granulações toxicas nos neutrófilos e uma causa obvia que explique a reação
(infecção)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Determinates
prognósticos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O prognóstico ira depender do estágio
em que a doença se encontra no momento do diagnóstico. Na fase crônica, o prognostico
é bom (cerca de 85% dos pacientes são diagnosticados nessa fase). O diagnóstico
na fase acelerada ou blástica terá pior prognóstico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 23.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;FASE CRÔNICA: quando tratada, apenas
6% dos pacientes evoluíram para as formas graves em 5 anos. São utilizados os
inibidores de tirosina-quinase BCR-ALB ( ITK-inibem o gene responsável pela
formação do cromossomo Philadelphia): Inatinib (Glivec-VO dose de 400mg/dia),
dasatinib (Sprycel) e Nilotinib (Tasigna). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 23.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;FASE ACELERADA: naqueles pacientes que
não estão em uso de ITK, usa-los e em seguida realizar transplante de medula
(30-40% de sobrevida em 4 anos). Se o transplante for realizado na fase crônica
é sobrevida é de 80%. Por isso, tenta-se regredir a fase acelerada com o uso de
ITK antes de realizar o transplante. Se o paciente já esta em uso de ITK,
deve-se pesquisar mutação para ITK (paciente pode ser resistente ao ITK).
Baseado no resultado do teste utilizar outros ITKs como ponatinib, bosutinib,
etc.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 23.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;FASE BLÁSTICA: geralmente essa fase não
responde aos ITK. O tratamanto de escolha então é o transplante de medula. Os
resultados são piores do que os obtidos quando realizados na fase crônica ou
acelerada. Idealmente deve-se tentar retomar a fase crônica ou acelerada com
ITK, geralmente associados a outros quimioterápicos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Leucemia linfocítica crônica&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Trata-se de uma neoplasia hematológica
de curso indolente, cujo clone neoplásico é um linfócito B maduro, porém,
bloqueado em uma fase de diferenciação, que impede a sua transformação em plasmócito,
a célula produtora de anticorpos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Consiste de uma doença linfoproliferativa
crônica, na qual há acumulo de linfócitos funcionalmente incompetentes. É a
forma mais frequente de leucemia. É uma doença de evolução lenta (10-20 anos
para se desenvolver) em mais ao menos 30% dos pacientes. Os demais podem
apresentar uma fase inicial lenta seguida de uma fase acelerada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Acomete mais homens, sendo mais
frequente em pacientes idosos (70 anos), sendo muito raro em pacientes com
30-40 anos de idade. É mais frequente em brancos. Inexiste fatores de risco
ambientais, não estando relacionado á radiação ionizante, benzeno ou agentes
alquilantes. Sua etiologia é deconhecida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diferente das outras leucemias, ela é
uma doença cumulativa, ao invés de proliferativa. Isso porque os linfócitos B
neoplásicos são células com tunover lento e meia vida superior aos linfócitos B
normais. Dessa forma, com a evolução da doença tem acumulo desse linfócitos na
medula óssea, passando em seguida para o sangue periférico, linfonodos, baço e
fígado. O paciente vai se tornando debilitado e extremamente propenso a morrer
de infecções bacterianas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Apresentação clínica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;Cerca de 20% dos pacientes são assintomáticos, sendo o diagnóstico
descoberto pela presença de linfocitose absoluta (mais de 3.000 linfocitos/mm3)
no leucograma. Depois da linfocitose, a linfadenomegalia não dolorosa,
geralmente cervical, axilar ou supraclavicular, com crescimento ou redução
espontânea, mas que não desaparecem completamente, é o achado mais comum. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;E em 10% dos pacientes ocorre uma
perda de peso nos últimos meses, com febre inexplicável (&amp;gt;38º C por mais de
2 semanas), sudorese noturna e fadiga fácil. Em 25-50% dos casos há presença de
esplenomegalia e em 15-25% dos casos de hepatomegalia. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A pele é o órgão não-linfóide mais
frequentemente afetado, principalmente na face pela presença de máculas,
pápulas, nódulos ou placas (diagnostico feito por biopsia). Glomerulonefrite
membrano-proliferativa pode ocorrer devido a deposição de crioglobulinas no
glomérulo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Exames laboratoriais&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; No
hemograma observa-se uma linfocitose absoluta &amp;gt;5.000, com presença de
citopenias usualmente de leve intensidade, atribuídas á processos auto-imunes.
Em 11% dos casos há anemia hemolítica auto-imune (Combs direto positivo) e
aumento de reticulócitos. Em 3% dos casos há plaquetopenia auto-imune (púrpura
trombocitopênica imune). A presença de anemia e plaquetopenia confere mal
prognostico para a doença.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; No
esfregaço sanguíneo há presença de células com núcleo bizarro. Outro exame utilizado
é a imunofenotipagem, porque apesar dos linfócitos serem macroscopicamente
normais, eles são imaturos funcionalmente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Podem
ser encontrados anormalidades das imunoglobulinas devido ao bloqueio de
maturação dos linfócitos B: hipoglobulinemia pode estar presente em 8% dos
casos na época do diagnostico e em 2/3 dos pacientes durante a evolução
eocasionam risco aumentado de infecção bacteriana. Pode haver aumento de LDH e
β2 microglobulina em 60% dos casos, assim como hiperuricemia (isso devido ao
tunover aumentado dos linfócitos).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diagnóstico&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
punção de medula óssea não é essencial para o diagnóstico. Usualmente revela
celularidade normal ou aumentada com linfócitos contribuindo com mais de 30%
das células nucleadas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
biopsia de linfonodo revela apagamento da arquitetura do linfonodo, infiltrado
de linfócitos com aparência madura, pequenos, alguns prolifócitos e
paraimunoblastos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diferença entre LLC e
linfoma de pequenas células&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;Ambos têm a mesma aparência microscópica no linfonodo (ambos apresentam
infiltrado linfocitário). O que os diferencia é que na LLC há linfocitose
(&amp;gt;5.000), o que não esta presente no linfoma.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diagnostico diferencial&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
diagnostico diferencial deve ser feito com situações que podem gerar
linfocitose como as infecções viróticas ou não: mononucleose, toxoplasmose.
Essas patologias geralmente tem curso clínico diferente e duram poucos dias e
semanas, com retorno espontâneo. Outra diferença é que não há alteração da
imunofenotipagem dos linfócitos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tratamento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Tem
bom prognostico, sendo que nem todos os pacientes requerem tratamento
especifico (alguns pacientes terão expectativa de vida normal). Exceto pelo
transplante de medula nenhum outro tratamento irá curar a doença.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;O estadiamento da LLC é fundamental para
determinar a história natural da doença, orientando o hematologista quanto a
melhor estratégia terapêutica. O mais utilizado é o estadiamento de Rai:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGOoN74_Covx4wpeNjdS403NnXE8Gs3z4sfVu47nBqiCsheTz8DRCWUYQ0WpH9-JE9CVPsQCU7qVYT4hmQxHznyE9f2Rp1QM-VpaU_gqfktwmwvTqJfI4O5ovjUrgZnXz1IbmMregJlnvE/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGOoN74_Covx4wpeNjdS403NnXE8Gs3z4sfVu47nBqiCsheTz8DRCWUYQ0WpH9-JE9CVPsQCU7qVYT4hmQxHznyE9f2Rp1QM-VpaU_gqfktwmwvTqJfI4O5ovjUrgZnXz1IbmMregJlnvE/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png&quot; height=&quot;205&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_3&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; style=&quot;height: 160.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 327.75pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ESTAGIO 0: observação e seguimento clinico, sem
tratamento especifico. Deve-se fazer hemograma trimestral. A estabilização
durante 1 ano é sinal de doença estável.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ESTAGIO I: radioterapia localizada sem quimioterapia
associada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;ESTAGIO III, IV OU EM
CASOS DE ANEMIA HEMOLÍTICA, PLAQUETOPENIA E SINTOMAS LIMITANTES: utilização de
agentes citotóxicos – análogos da purina (fludarabine, pentostatin); agentes
alquilantes (clorambucil, bendamustine); anticorpos monoclonais (rituximab,
alemtuzumab) – e medidas utilizadas para prevenir síndrome de lise tumoral como
a&amp;nbsp; hidratação oral e o uso de alopurinol
300mg/dia (acompanhamento com dosagem de acido úrico, potássio e LDH).&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/6954158653000429446/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/leucemias-e-linfomas.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/6954158653000429446'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/6954158653000429446'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2014/06/leucemias-e-linfomas.html' title='Leucemias e linfomas'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQcT9gBpls1SECE6K1noZksL_wosLAC2EkWnDABE0NJNL3i8cUOOnMuFP1QeaJ6eFmrmy8_hVD3rVLYMWzyT_Jlt2P4LQIEsM4tiXR2W4DVgzJYd3ly0FH10SNdonMXwF43Yd1juunzsHh/s72-c/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-5867133599927014465</id><published>2013-11-21T18:25:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2013-11-21T18:25:10.004-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Tumores Colorretais </title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;TUMORES&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;COLORRETAIS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
São tumores
invasivos preveníveis. Os programas de screening têm reduzido sua incidência. É
o 3º tipo mais comum de câncer diagnosticado em homens e o 2º em mulheres.
Também houve melhora significativa do tumor metastático de cólon nos últimos 10
anos. Aumenta significativamente com a idade, principalmente a partir de 50
anos (90% dos casos), sendo raro antes dos 40 anos de idade. A maioria ocorre
em homens. É responsável por 9% das mortes de câncer nos EUA, sendo que um a
cada 3 portadores morrerão devido a este. A maioria das vezes trata-se de um
adenocarcinoma, derivado do epitélio glandular colônico.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fatores de
risco:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Baixo nível sócio-econômico ( devido a alimentação
mais gordurosa e menor screening);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dieta rica em gordura;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tabagismo;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Obesidade&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Baixa taxa de screening;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Familiar (embora a maioria dos cânceres sejam
esporádicos). Câncer ou pólipos adenomatosos, vilosos ou tubulovilosos &amp;gt;1cm
em membros da família (maior risco para o câncer).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Polipose adenomatosa familiar (10% dos casos):
desenvolvimento de grande numero de pólipos no cólon (tem grande potencial de
malignidade, indica colectomia total);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Patologia:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Se originam de
um pólipo adenomatoso que sofre displasia e se transforma em câncer. &amp;nbsp;Enquanto crescem penetram na submucosa,
invadem os linfáticos e ganha acesso as linfonodos e tecidos vizinhos. Porém,
tem velocidade de crescimento muito lenta, por isso, é previnível.
Principalmente pólipos &amp;gt;10mm tem maior possibilidade de dar origem ao
câncer. Já os hiperplásicos não progridem para o câncer. Eles podem ser de 2
tipos: lesões polipoides ou anulares constritivas. Apresentam algumas
características dependendo do cólon acometido:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tumores de colón direito: são frequentemente
polipoide, as fezes são mais liquefeitas e raramente dão manifestações clinicas
precoces;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tumores de colón esquerdo: são frequentemente
anulares, as fezes são mais endurecidas e dão manifestações mais precocemente
(causa sintomas de obstrução). Consiste na maioria dos tumores.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Microscopicamente
a maioria são adenocarcinomas, são similares e possuem o mesmo prognostico. A
formação glândula depende do grau de diferenciação. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Eles podem
disseminar-se através da parede do intestino, através de vasos linfáticos,
através da veia porta para o fígado e para toda a cavidade peritoneal Os
Principais sítios de metástases são os linfonodos regionais (complementar o
tratamento com quimioterapia), fígado e pulmões (menos frequentemente). O tumor
de reto inferior pode dar metástases pulmonares mais frequentemente devido a
sua drenagem direta para a VCI.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Manifestações clinicas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
A maioria dos
tumores hoje é diagnosticada através de screening, e, portanto em pacientes
assintomáticos. Os sintomáticos podem se manifestar com sangramento anal
(oculto ou exteriorizado), anemia, perda de peso, mudança de habito intestinal
(constipação e diarreia), dor abdominal em hipogástrio (câncer avançado, já com
obstrução), obstrução intestinal e presença de massa abdominal palpável.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Em tumor de
colón ascendente pode haver sangramento ou diarreia (tem grande calibre e por
isso obstruções são raras, são tumores maiores e mais invasivos ao diagnostico).
O tumor de colón descendente e sigmóide se manifesta com obstrução intestinal,
dor abdominal, mudança de habito intestinal (isso porque ele possui menor
calibre e contém fezes semi-sólidas). No câncer retal predomina a hematoquezia
de pequena monta, persistente ou intermitente.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
OBS: Doença diverticular dos colóns
transversos e descendente pode gerar sangramentos muito mais que os cânceres de
colón, no sigmoide esses divertículos não sangram inflamam principalmente em
idosos gerando um quadro de diverticulose, e o diagnostico é feito com TC. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Pode haver
ainda fistulas enterro-vesicais (pneumaturia, infecção urinaria de repetição),
endocardite infecciosa por Streptococos bovis (habitante natural do colón que
tem avidez por válvulas cardíacas, toda vez que ele é isolado deve fazer
colonoscopia, porque o colón é a porta de entrada para esse agente). Pode haver
ainda manifestações relacionadas a metástases que estão presentes em 20% dos
pacientes ao diagnostico (hepatomegalia dolorosa, ascite, disfunção de bexiga,
corrimento e sangramento vaginal e o comprometimento pulmonar e ósseo).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Diagnostico&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
anamnese cuidadosa (pesquisa de casos na família) é fundamental. Deve-se
suspeitar de câncer coloretal em todo paciente, principalmente idoso que
apresente sangramento retal, dor abdominal, modificação de hábitos intestinais,
emagrecimento e anemia. Caso se faça diagnostico de um tumor de reto ou
sigmoide pela retossigmoidoscopia, é necessário à complementação com
colonoscopia, pois muitos pacientes podem apresentar tumor sincrônico (tumor
primário em locais diferentes do colón). Apenas 66% dos canceres colorretais
são detectados pela retossigmoidoscopia.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
PSOF (pesquisa de sangue oculto
nas fezes)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;É um exame importante para triagem do câncer
coloretal. A triagem desse câncer se inicia após 50 anos de idade e após os 40
anos para pacientes com historia familiar de câncer coloretal.&amp;nbsp; São usados 4 estratégias de rastreamento:
pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes, uma vez ao ano; sigmoideoscópia flexível a
cada 5 anos, colonoscopia a cada 10 anos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes se
baseia no fato que a maioria dos adenocarcinomas ocasionarem sangramento. &amp;nbsp;Esse exame detecta anticorpos contra hemácia
humana, porém devido ao fato do sangramento poder ser intermitente, pode haver
resultados falsos-negativos. Para diminuir isso o exame é feito com três
amostras consecutivas de fezes.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Estudo onde
que pegou 33.000 pacientes seguidos por quase 30 anos e avaliou a validade da
pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes (o normal é esse exame vir negativo. Sua
positividade significa que o paciente esta perdendo sangue de algum local).
Dividiram então os pacientes em 3 grupos, um grupo sem acompanhamento da
pesquisa de sangue oculto, outro a cada 3 anos e outro a cada ano. O estudo
mostrou que esse exame reduziu significativamente a incidência de morte
relacionada ao câncer, porém não reduziu a mortalidade total. Outro estudo
mostrou que a colonoscopia detecta mais precocemente o câncer coloretal que o
sangue oculto. &amp;nbsp;Assim, se esse exame vem
positivo deve fazer colonoscopia e se vier negativo pode repetir.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;Enema
opaco:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Outro exame
utilizado é o enema opaco, permite detectar lesões, com irregularidade na
mucosa. Lesão característica “maça mordida”.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
CEA&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Antígeno
carcinoembrionário. Não tem nenhum valor para screening, porém tem valor
prognostico (níveis elevados em caso de doença avançada) e prè e pós-operatório
(é bom para segmento do paciente). Níveis elevados indicam doença avançada. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;Colonoscopia
virtual&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Colonoscopia
feita pela tomografia computadorizada (abdominal que visualiza apenas a luz
intestinal). Problemas: radiação e não permite retirada de lesão.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Dos exames o
que tem melhor sensibilidade é a colonoscopia.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;Colonoscopia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Melhor exame
para screening e diagnostico (permite detectar câncer e presença de pólipos). Permite
visualização direta da lesão e exérese de pólipos, biopsia de lesões. Previne
câncer colorretal e mortes. As complicações desse exame ocorrem em 1/1000 procedimentos
e são as seguintes: hemorragias ou perfurações. Até 20% dos pólipos podem ser
vistos em uma colonoscopia. OBS: A esqusistossomose pode gerar uma lesão
psudotumoral (lesão com áreas de necrose). &lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;_GoBack&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Quando fazer e
repetir a colonoscopia?&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
A 1ª colonoscopia
dever ser feita com 50 anos. Se normal repete ela após 10 anos, sem necessidade
de fazer pesquisa de sangue oculto. Se 1 ou 2 polipos adenomatosos &amp;lt; 5 mm
recomenda-se repetir com intervalo de 5 anos. Se polipo adenomatoso &amp;gt;10mm ou
displasia de alto grau deve-se repetir em 3 anos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Fatores de mau prognostico além da TNM:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
O esquema de
estadiamento proposto é o TNM. Quanto maior o estagio do tumor pior o
prognostico. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhcA1mNkMMdlC8NzFWym0UgW-7enQmMviIdJUJAuXXF-oqQtFr-ZfOkw95qcxpHJNhvwm3hshHQTHfIMGO5LhUg85bqgwt5Vf3y2uHFTIWuKwZ82O9Os0ITl8uiRDsZq7pIjruaPrEvhVU/s1600/carotla.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhcA1mNkMMdlC8NzFWym0UgW-7enQmMviIdJUJAuXXF-oqQtFr-ZfOkw95qcxpHJNhvwm3hshHQTHfIMGO5LhUg85bqgwt5Vf3y2uHFTIWuKwZ82O9Os0ITl8uiRDsZq7pIjruaPrEvhVU/s1600/carotla.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Os fatores de maus prognostico
são:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pacientes sintomáticos ao diagnostico;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Quanto mais distal no colón, pior prognostico;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Envolvimento da serosa subjacente;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Envolvimento linfonodos regionais : já define
necessidade de quimioterapia adjuvante&amp;nbsp; á
cirurgia. Quanto maior o número de linfonodos acometidos pior é o diagnostico.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Envolvimento de meso;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Invasão vascular;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tumor residual;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;CEA elevado antes da cirurgia e não abaixamento
após a ressecção;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Grau de diferenciação tumoral.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Cirurgia é curativa
apenas para as formas localizadas (estádio I-II). Opção curativa limitada para
pacientes em estádio IV com metástases hepáticas e/ou pulmonares. Para lesões
de ceco e colón direito faz-se hemicolectomia direita. Lesões de flexura
esplênica e colón descendente faz-se hemicolectomia esquerda. Lesões de
sigmoide faz-se a sigmoidectomia (preserva o reto e o colón transverso). Se
houver presença de linfonodos acometidos e/ou metástases deve-se associar a
quimioterapia á cirurgia. A abordagem cirúrgica é através da ressecção do
segmento acometido, com amplas margens de segurança, somada a ressecção dos
linfonodos regionais, meso e suprimento vascular.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Ressecções de metástases hepáticas permitem melhora na sobrevida e tem
melhores resultados em pacientes com metástases únicas, menores que 5 cm e com
CEA menor que 200ng/ml.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/5867133599927014465/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/tumores-colorretais.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/5867133599927014465'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/5867133599927014465'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/tumores-colorretais.html' title='Tumores Colorretais '/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhcA1mNkMMdlC8NzFWym0UgW-7enQmMviIdJUJAuXXF-oqQtFr-ZfOkw95qcxpHJNhvwm3hshHQTHfIMGO5LhUg85bqgwt5Vf3y2uHFTIWuKwZ82O9Os0ITl8uiRDsZq7pIjruaPrEvhVU/s72-c/carotla.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-4899999810498300676</id><published>2013-11-21T18:17:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2013-11-21T18:17:19.829-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Tumores Gástricos </title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;TUMORES GASTRICOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj74pg3ug7kDc51Pzn2-SEFMbgnUzFhlEdl14woG23jej2LCAsGXXQ-8TnmrHOWOZBIvjg7L-RMAiOr558STFsSyK_Ij33q_0ecDT7RYolsqIIEBOSIIwmBdYoOnDMJqnilN1Ajzaf7I4Y/s1600/cancer-gastrico2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj74pg3ug7kDc51Pzn2-SEFMbgnUzFhlEdl14woG23jej2LCAsGXXQ-8TnmrHOWOZBIvjg7L-RMAiOr558STFsSyK_Ij33q_0ecDT7RYolsqIIEBOSIIwmBdYoOnDMJqnilN1Ajzaf7I4Y/s1600/cancer-gastrico2.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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São tumores
comuns em todo o mundo, sendo 21.600 casos diagnosticados por ano nos EUA, dos
quais 11.000 morrerão nesse período. Foi a principal causa de morte gástrica relacionada
ao câncer até década de 1980, quando foi ultrapassado pelo de pulmão. Houve
redução na incidência devido:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Reconhecimento do H. pylori e outros fatores de
risco;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Popularização de refrigeradores: isso levou a
redução do uso de sal para conservar alimentos, que sofriam contaminação por
fungos e bactérias. Permitiu também maior consumo de frutas e verduras, que tem
efeito protetor.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
É um câncer extremamente comum no
Japão, Costa Rica, Chile e Rússia.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fatores de risco:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sexo masculino;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Não brancos;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aumento da idade (raro abaixo de 35 anos, com
pico de incidência entre 50-70 anos);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Aumento da incidência entre idade de 29-39 anos&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Patologia e patogênese:
importância do H.pylori&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Grande
correlação com a infecção por H.pylori (aumenta em 5 ou 6 vezes o risco de
câncer gástrico). Se não tratada, esta infecção leva a gastrite crônica ativa
que gera hipocloridria que permite a proliferação de bactérias, que é um fator
de risco para adenocarcinoma gástrico (tipo instestinal e não difuso, que parece
ser genético ou ao acaso). Existe em 3 caso por ano para cada 10.000
infectados. A cada ano existem 100.000 canceres gástricos e 3.25 bilhões de
infectados pelo H.Pylori no mundo (provavelmente fatores genéticos, e da
própria bactéria influenciam muito). Evidencias apontam para a aquisição da
bactéria na infância como sendo um pré-requisito para o aumento do risco.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tipos patológicos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Existem 2 tipos de
adenocarcinoma:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Intestinal &lt;/i&gt;(bem diferenciado com
formação de estruturas glandulares):&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Tipo mais comum em populações de
alto risco (presença de fatores de risco).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ausência
de historia familiar. As moléculas de adesão intracelular estão bem
preservadas.&amp;nbsp; Células se aderem entre si
formando glândulas ou tubos. Relação importante com o H.pylori: a infecção levaria
a uma gastrite trófica ativa no antro que leva a focos de gastrite atrófica que
gera metaplasia intestinal e depois neoplasia. É mais comum em homens. O
tratamento cirúrgico pode-se realizar com gastrectomia subtotal. Manifesta-se
como lesões expansivas, ulceradas, polipoides na endoscopia, mais comumente
encontrada no estomago distal.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tipo
difuso (indiferenciado)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Também podem
ser induzidos pro H.pylori, porém diferente do tipo intestinal não apresenta
estágios pré-neoplásicos definido. Tem maior poder metastático e pior
prognostico que o tipo intestinal. O tratamento cirúrgico implica em
gastrectomia total. Tem grande tendência em invadir a parede gástrica e formar
linite plástica. As moléculas de adesão estão defeituosas e não há formação de
glândulas ou ductos.&amp;nbsp; Diferenças
morfológicas estão em moléculas de adesão intercelular e bases moleculares o
que leva a implicações terapêuticas. Tem pior prognostico que o intestinal pelo
auto poder metastático. Diferentemente do tipo intestinal, não apresenta sequencias
de estágios pré-neoplásicos definidos. Se caracteriza pela presença de células
em anel de sinete (acumulo de muco no citoplasma deslocando o núcleo para a periferia).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Dùvida&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Justifica-se sempre erradicar o
H. pylori para prevenir o câncer esofágico? Não, apenas em populações de alto
risco. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Manifestações clinicas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
A maioria dos
pacientes são assintomático e com doença disseminada e incurável ao
diagnostico. Pode se apresentar como sintomas dispépticos inespecíficos. Apenas
50% com doença aparentemente locorregional tem potencial para a cura.
Ressalta-se a importância do de diagnostico prévio de ulcera gástrica. Toda
ulcera gástrica tem que ser biopsiada e deverá cicatrizar-se. Se não
cicatrizar-se deve ser realizada a exérese cirúrgica (controle endoscópico para
avaliar cicatrização em 8-12 semanas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Sintomas mais frequentes:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Perda de peso;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dor abdominal;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Náuseas&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sangramento&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Disfagia&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Saciação precoce&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Melena&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dor típica de ulcera péptica&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Metástases mais comuns: Fígado; Linfonodos
regionais; Peritôneo e Disseminação linfática.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Alterações no
exame físico indicam tumor avançado e são presença de massa abdominal palpável
e sintomas relacionados a dissemninação linfática como linfonodo
supraclavicular esquerdo palpável (nódulo de Virchow), periumbilical (nódulo de
Sister May Joseph) ou axilar esquerdo (nódulo de Irish) metástases perineais
palpáveis ao toque retal, hepatomegalia, ascite, icterícia e caquexia. Pode
haver também a presença de tumor de Krukenberg que é uma disseminação peritoneal
que gera aumento dos ovários.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Diagnostico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scielo.org.pe/img/revistas/rgp/v28n4/a03fig11a.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;http://www.scielo.org.pe/img/revistas/rgp/v28n4/a03fig11a.jpg&quot; width=&quot;480&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;REED&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Identificam
lesões ulceradas e infiltrante. Falso negativo presente me 50% dos casos.
Sensibilidade de apenas 14 % para diagnostico de lesões precoces. Os sinais
radiológicos que sugerem malignidade nesse tipo de câncer são: lesão em massa
com ou sem obstrução luminal ou ulceração, ulceras com pregas irregulares,
ulceras com fundo irregular, irregularidades da mucosa com perda da
distensibilidade, pregas alargadas e massa polipoide. Pode haver aspecto de
“garrafa de couro” quando há presença de linite gástrica. É um exame de triagem
e caso haja achados suspeitos deve ser feito a endoscopia.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;EDA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É
o padrão ouro. Permite o diagnostico anatômico, de lesão precoce e realização
de biopsia (tendo precisão diagnostica de 98%). É indicada em todo paciente com
dispepsia acima de 45 anos. A localização mais comum desse câncer é na mucosa
de transição do corpo e do antro na pequena curvatura do estômago (mesmo local
mais comum da ulcera gástrica). Deve ser realizado 7 biopsia da lesão suspeita.
Radiação partindo do centro da ulcera ou ulcera pequena=sinal de benignidade da
ulcera.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;TC de abdome&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Fundamental
após diagnostico para avaliação de metástases. Cerca de 20-30% dos pacientes
podem apresentar TC negativa para metástase e ter metástase na cirurgia
(metástase &amp;lt;5 mm).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;US endoscópico&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Leva o US ate
o estômago. É usada para avaliação de infiltração do tumor na parede gástrica.
Visualiza não só a extensão do tumor pela parede gástrica, mas também os
linfonodos proximais ao estomago.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;PET SCAN&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Não raramente
apresenta falsos negativos (metabolismo mais lento). Não é útil para a
avaliação pré-operatória.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;TC tórax&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Permite
avaliar tumores do terço proximal do estômago que podem dar metástases
torácicas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Laparoscopia pré-operatòria&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
É usada quando
há duvida quanto a extensão da doença antes da cirurgia corretiva. É realizado
com o intuito de extratificar esses pacientes. Usado em pacientes em estádio
menor ou igual á III pré-operatório.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Potencialmente ressecável (estádio I-III): Tem
sobrevida de 5 anos sendo que:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-60-90% estádio
I&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-30-50% estádio
II&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-10-25% estádio
III&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tumores não ressecáveis (estádio maior que III
ou invasão vascular): realizar quimioterapia complementar.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A remoção cirúrgica oferece a única chance de
cura.&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/4899999810498300676/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/tumores-gastricos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/4899999810498300676'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/4899999810498300676'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/tumores-gastricos.html' title='Tumores Gástricos '/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj74pg3ug7kDc51Pzn2-SEFMbgnUzFhlEdl14woG23jej2LCAsGXXQ-8TnmrHOWOZBIvjg7L-RMAiOr558STFsSyK_Ij33q_0ecDT7RYolsqIIEBOSIIwmBdYoOnDMJqnilN1Ajzaf7I4Y/s72-c/cancer-gastrico2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-6532439146469335371</id><published>2013-11-21T18:11:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2013-11-21T18:11:30.549-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Tumores de Esôfago </title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;TUMORES DE ESÔFAGO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://sistemas.extecamp.unicamp.br/gastrosite/s_img/dhhiato1.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sistemas.extecamp.unicamp.br/gastrosite/s_img/dhhiato1.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
A maioria
deriva de tumores de células escamosas ou adenocarcinoma. Antigamente
predominavam os de células escamosas e hoje predominam o adenocarcinoma devido
ao aumento de casos de esôfago de Barret. O carcinoma de células escamosas é
derivado do epitélio estratificado não queratinizado e se origina
principalmente no terço médio do esôfago. O adenocarcinoma é derivado do
epitélio de Barret e se localiza no terço distal do esôfago. É um câncer que predomina
em homens, na raça negra e que geralmente se apresenta a partir dos 40 anos de
idade.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fatores de risco&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Carcinoma de células escamosas:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tabagismo, alcoolismo e baixa ingestão de
vegetais e frutas talvez sejam responsáveis por 90% destes;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ingestão de alimentos e bebidas quentes;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Maior ingestão de carnes vermelhas;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Doenças esofágicas preexistentes como: acalasia,
esofagite cálcica;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Gastrectomia parcial prévia;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Gastrite atrófica;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tilose: doença com hiperqueratinização das
palmas das mãos e plantas dos pés&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Biofosfanatos orais (questinonáveis): tratamento
e prevenção de osteoposrose (recomenda não deitar para não lesar o esôfago).
Recomenda-se não usar em portadores de esôfago de Barret;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Carcinoma de cavidade oral, orofaringe, laringe,
pulmão (provavelmente devido ao mesmos fatores de risco)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;É mais frequente em negros que em brancos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Carcinoma
escamocelular geralmente é infiltrante, ulcerada e circunferencial. Acomete
mais frequentemente o terço médio do esôfago. É caracterizado por invasão
linfática precoce (linfáticos estão na lamina própria, diferentemente do
restante do TGI). Pode fistulizar-se para a traqueia e aorta. Metástases mais
comuns para o fígado, ossos e pulmões em 30% dos casos e medula óssea em 40%
dos casos ao diagnostico.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Adenocarcinomas:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Cinco vezes
mais frequente em brancos e 8 vezes mais frequente em homens. Seus principais
fatores de risco são:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tabagismo, obesidade (abdominal), DRGE, dieta
pobre em frutas e vegetais são responsáveis por 80% dos adenocarcinomas
esofágicos;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;DRGE evoluindo para esôfago de Barret: passado
de DRGE presente em mais de 50% dos adenocarcinomas de esôfago. Risco maior em
pacientes com refluxo grave e mais de 20 anos de sintomas. A cirurgia
antirefluxo parece não reduzir o risco.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Esôfago de Barret aumenta em 30 vezes o risco de
desenvolver o adenocarcinoma;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Colecistectomia previa: aumenta o refluxo biliar
(alcalino) ao esôfago;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Interrogável efeito protetor de uso regular de
AINH.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
O
adenocarcinoma geralmente se localiza na junção esôfago-gastrica, em associação
com o esôfago de Barret. Manifesta-se com ulcera, placa, nodulação ou mesmo sem
nenhuma alteração macroscópica diferente do esôfago de Barret. Suas metástases
são geralmente para linfonodos celíacos e perihepaticos, sendo comumente de
grande profundidade.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Manifestações clinicas:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
As fazes
iniciais são assintomáticos. Com a evolução ocorrem sintomas de DRGE (dor
retroesternal mal definida). Em doença avançada observa-se: disfagia
progressiva (se inicia com sólidos e depois evolui para líquidos), emagrecimento
(TNT alta diminui o apetite), regurgitação de alimento não digerido, sem gosto
azedo, pneumonia de aspiração, rouquidão (acometimento do n. laríngeo
recorrente pelo acometimento de linfonodos), anemia (sangramento oculto,
hematêmese ou melena são raros), fistulas esôfago-traqueais.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 109.1pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 109.1pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Diagnóstico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://saude.culturamix.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/C%C3%A2ncer-de-Es%C3%B4fago-2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://saude.culturamix.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/C%C3%A2ncer-de-Es%C3%B4fago-2.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
São bem diagnosticados pela
analise conjunta do esofagroma baritada e endoscopia digestiva alta:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Esofagograma
com bário:&lt;/i&gt; feito apenas em fases avançadas, sendo sempre necessária a
endoscopia com biopsia para confirmar a lesão.&amp;nbsp;
Permite a diferenciação entre estenose péptica e câncer de esôfago
(irregularidade da mucosa e súbita transição entre o esôfago normal e a
obstrução- sinal do degrau)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;EDA&lt;/i&gt;:
padrão ouro. Mostra grande massa mucosa que é praticamente patognomônica. A
biopsia é sempre realizada. Pelo seu aspecto endoscópico ele pode ser
classificado em 3 tipos: polipoide exofítico, escavado ou ulcerado e plano ou
infiltrativo.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Estratificação&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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O câncer de
esôfago se caracteriza por ter um comportamento extremamente agressivo,
disseminando-se localmente e a distancia. &amp;nbsp;Cerca de 75% dos pacientes diagnosticados já
apresentam invasão linfática. O estadiamento se&amp;nbsp;
baseia na Classificação TNM.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Prognostico e tratamento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Independente
do tipo histológico, 50 a 60% do tumores esofágicos apresentam padrão
localmente avançado ou metastático, sendo incuráveis e o tratamento apenas
paliativo. &amp;nbsp;Em paciente com lesão
restrita a mucosa e submucosa (T1N0) a cirurgia (esofegectomia e
linfadenectomia regional) deverá ser realizada com potencial curativo. Grande
parte dos tumores invadem a parede esofágica ou linfonodos, com chance de cura
de menos de 15%, com múltiplas terapias disponíveis.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Para tumores
T2 ou maiores com linfonodos regionais o tratamento é controverso. A maioria
recomenda quimioterapia e radioterapia. Para pacientes com tumor irressecável,
deve-se preocupar com a qualidade de vida do paciente, utilizando dilatadores
ou stents para reconstituir o transito alimentar, radioterapia para aliviar a
disfagia ou jejunostomia ou gastrostomia para permitir alimentação enteral. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/6532439146469335371/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/tumores-de-esofago.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/6532439146469335371'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/6532439146469335371'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/tumores-de-esofago.html' title='Tumores de Esôfago '/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-6297997489229494189</id><published>2013-11-21T18:05:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2013-11-21T18:05:04.813-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Tumores Pancreaticos</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Câncer de Pâncreas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8HuVzITRY50fwdDhTCdveIkjrDyEft56kZLRWnbwfZK4twnnxg6xLNIZh8E2Sk4BwkReHn1pnlb1QtBuBwxaw3wJXWtXaocHqtpQDc2feC9vCo0I8NBFNHGqz9lhl7ZX50jlxyJaXuJ8/s1600/pancreas-imagem22.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;273&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8HuVzITRY50fwdDhTCdveIkjrDyEft56kZLRWnbwfZK4twnnxg6xLNIZh8E2Sk4BwkReHn1pnlb1QtBuBwxaw3wJXWtXaocHqtpQDc2feC9vCo0I8NBFNHGqz9lhl7ZX50jlxyJaXuJ8/s320/pancreas-imagem22.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
É a 4ª causa
de morte por câncer em homens e mulheres. &amp;nbsp;Sendo que, 75% estão localizados na cabeça e
colo do pâncreas, 15% ocorrem no corpo, 10% ocorrem na cauda.&amp;nbsp; Geralmente é diagnosticado em fases
avançadas: 52% já apresentam metástases a distancia, 26% apresentam metástases
regionais. A sobrevida nesses casos de um ano é de 26% e em cinco anos é de 6%.
É mais comum no sexo masculino e em negros. É raro ocorrer antes dos&amp;nbsp; 40 anos, sendo a maior incidência entre 60-75
anos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fatores de risco:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;40% são esporádicos;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;5-10% são hereditários;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;30% atribuídos ao tabagismo (nitrosaminas do
tabaco);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;20% atribuídos a fatores dietéticos: carne
vermelha (produto processado);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Obesidade abdominal;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Diabetes mellitus;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pancreatite crônica;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Raça negra;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Café e álcool não se associam a este câncer;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia familiar de câncer de pâncreas;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pancreatite crônica hereditária;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Patologia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Cerca de 80% são adenocarcinomas do epitélio ductal, sendo que 95% dos
tumores pancreáticos originam-se de sua porção exócrina. O adenocarcinoma de
células acinares é raro e tem péssimo prognóstico.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Adenocarcinoma
ductal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A maioria é pouco diferenciada, com
graus variáveis de produção de estruturas similares a ductos e produção de
muco. Classificam em grau I á III de acordo com o grau de displasia. Podem ser
adenoescamosos ou mucinosos (tumor cístico maligno mais comum do pâncreas).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Manifestaçoes
clinicas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Os sintomas geralmente estão presentes quando quadro avançado e
dependem da localização do tumor:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dor abdominal no andar superior, insidiosa, de
longa duração que geralmente piora durante a noite. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Emagrecimento;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Adinamia;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Icterícia, colúria, acolia fecal e prurido
(comumente acomete vias biliares, tumores da cabeça do pancreas);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Vômitos;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Esteatorréia;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ascite (implantes metastáticos no peritôneo);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;TEV: tromboflebite superficial migratória
(síndrome de trousseau).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Diagnostico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Exames laboratoriais:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Anemia normocítica e normocrômica;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hiperbilirrubinemia com predomínio de direta e
aumento de fosfatase alcalina (tumor de cabeça de pâncreas);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Intolerância a glicose geralmente surge
tardiamente;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;US abdominal:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Alta
sensibilidade para detectar dilatação de vias biliares extra-hepáticas e para
estabelecer os níveis de obstrução. Tem alta sensibilidade para detectar massas
na cabeça do pâncreas (&amp;gt;95%), embora a sensibilidade seja baixa para tumores
menores que 3 cm. É o exame inicial de imagem a ser usado em todo paciente com
suspeita de tumor de pâncreas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;TC de abdome:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Se detectado
um massa pancreática no US realizar a TC. Permite confirmar e avaliar a
extensão do tumor, para detecção de metástases. É um exame superior ao US para
visualização do pâncreas e do retroperitôneo, sendo utilizado tanto para o
diagnostico quanto para o estadiamento. O achado principal é de uma massa
pancreática.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;CPRE (colangeopancreatografia
retrograda endoscópica):&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Usada quando a
coledocolitíase não foi afastada ou em casos no qual há necessidade de
descompressão biliar (stent) em pacientes com tumor avançado em com alto risco
cirúrgico. Imagem de ponta de lápis é sugestivo de tumor. É indicada em casos
suspeitos na ausência de massa bem definida na TC de abdome. Permite
diferenciar tumores periampulares e diferenciar câncer de pâncreas de
pancreatite crônica. O sinal de “duplo ducto” é praticamente patognômonico de
câncer de pâncreas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;C19-9&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Marcador
sérico do câncer de pâncreas com sensibilidade de 70-82% e especificidade de
68-92%. Pode elevar-se em outras neoplasias e é utilizado para avaliar o
prognostico após o diagnostico e após a cirurgia (tende a reduzir seus níveis
lentamente) e durante a quimioterapia pós-operatória.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Colangio RNM&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Alternativa na
impossibilidade de fazer CPRE. Sua limitação é não ter finalidade terapêutica.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
único tratamento curativo é a ressecção do tumor&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Tumores pouco invasivos, localizado na cabeça
do pâncreas ou periampular:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pancreatoduodenectomia (procedimento de Whipple:
ressecção da vesícula biliar, do colédoco, 15 com proximais do jejuno, todo o
duodeno, estomago distal e piloro e cabeça do pâncreas até o nível da artéria
mesentérica superior).&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;_GoBack&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
OBS:
pancreatectomia distal é pouco realizada devido ao fato de na maioria das vezes
haver doença avançada&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Tumor no colo do pâncreas:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pancreactomia total&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Quimioterapia com ou sem radio
complementar: em tumores inoperáveis (paliativa).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
OBS: se tem icterícia obstrutiva
deve-se fazer US abdominal sempre. O transplante de pâncreas repõe apenas a
função endócrina do pâncreas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/6297997489229494189/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/tumores-pancreaticos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/6297997489229494189'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/6297997489229494189'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/tumores-pancreaticos.html' title='Tumores Pancreaticos'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8HuVzITRY50fwdDhTCdveIkjrDyEft56kZLRWnbwfZK4twnnxg6xLNIZh8E2Sk4BwkReHn1pnlb1QtBuBwxaw3wJXWtXaocHqtpQDc2feC9vCo0I8NBFNHGqz9lhl7ZX50jlxyJaXuJ8/s72-c/pancreas-imagem22.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-1846034334674245458</id><published>2013-11-21T17:58:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2013-11-21T17:58:59.621-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Câncer de Próstata </title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Câncer de Próstata&amp;nbsp;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
É o segundo
câncer mais comum em homens que teve aumento da incidência nos últimos tempos
devido ao rastreamento pelo PSA (antígeno prostático especifico). &amp;nbsp;Houve também diminuição da mortalidade devido
ao rastreamento precoce. Em 2008 tiveram 900.000 casos no mundo e 258.000
mortes.&amp;nbsp; Pode ter dois tipos de
comportamentos: um tumor bem diferenciado, sem repercussões (idosos) e um tumor
agressivo, indiferenciada que frequentemente gera metástases (jovens). A
maioria dos casos ocorre em indivíduos com mais de 50 anos de idade. OBS:
dosagem de PSA e toque deve ser feito acima de 45 anos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fatores de risco&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Idade (relação linear de aumento com a idade);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Raça negra (geralmente também é mais agressivo);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Génetica (pacientes com historia familiar positiva
tem um risco maior de desenvolver a doença e em uma idade menor);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Estimulação androgênica podem predispor ao
câncer de próstata? (controverso)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Efeito protetor de alta frequência de ejaculação
entre 30 e 40 anos? (controverso)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hiperinsulinemia e obesidade abdominal;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sedentarismo, principalmente em idosos;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Prostatite (infecção da próstata);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dieta:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-gorduras
saturadas, excesso de carne vermelha;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-baixa
ingestão de vegetais;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-aumento
da ingestão de brócolis e couve-flor diminui a incidência de câncer invasivo de
próstata;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-tomates
e derivados do Licopeno: alguns estudos de coorte mostraram redução do risco de
câncer próstata, outros não mostraram beneficio. FDA não recomenda;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-derivados
de soja: benefícios em estudos de coorte e metanalise;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-alcool
ingestão de mais de 50 g/ dia aumenta a incidência.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-relação
inversa com o consumo de café (café teria um efeito protetor)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-reposição
de selênio e vitamina E seria um fator protetor.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Acredita-se que
em pessoas de mais idade a incidência é menor devido ao menor screenig nesses
pacientes. Embora o câncer de próstata coexista frequentemente com hiperplasia
prostática benigna, há entre essas duas doenças qualquer relação causal
documentada.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Manifestações clinicas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Geralmente
assintomático nas fases iniciais porque o tumor geralmente se origina na zona
periférica da glândula. &amp;nbsp;A presença de
sintomas sugere doença metastática ou avançada. Presença de polaciúria,
urgência e noctúria são comuns na HPB (hiperplasia prostática benigna-aumento
benigna da próstata que comprime a uretra). Hematúria ou hemospermia devido a
obstrução dos ductos ejaculatórios pode ocorrer (mais comuns em idosos e nesse
caso deve-se sempre pensar em câncer de próstata, embora seja mais comum na
HPB). Dores ósseas são comuns devido às metástases ósseas. A impotência é rara
e denota doença avançada com invasão de plexos nervosos pélvicos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Diagnóstico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;O Screening para o câncer de próstata deve ser
feito em todos os homens após 50 anos de idade&amp;nbsp;
ou após os 45 anos naqueles pacientes com maior risco. Pode ser feito
por dois exames: &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;TOQUE
RETAL: Presença de nódulo prostático no toque retal;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;DOSAGEM
DE PSA: Dosagem de PSA elevado (&amp;gt;2,5ng/ml): estudos mostram que a cada 48
pacientes diagnosticados pelo PSA elevado permite prevenir um óbito por câncer
de próstata.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Em ambos os casos,
deve-se fazer uma biopsia guiada por US transretal (que direciona a biopsia). O
PSA &amp;gt; 10ng/ml indica tumor invasivo na maioria das vezes.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;PSA elevado e
câncer de próstata&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;O PSA é uma glicoproteína produzida exclusivamente
pelo parênquima pancreático e secretada no fluido seminal. Sua elevação ocorre
quando há rompimento da arquitetura normal da próstata.&amp;nbsp; Aumento de PSA precede o surgimento da doença
clinica em 5-10 anos ou mais. Cerca de 80% dos cânceres de próstata são diagnosticados
devidos elevação do PSA. Não existe nível de PSA abaixo do qual se pode afirmar
que o individuo não apresente câncer de próstata nem nível acima do qual se
pode afirmar sua presença. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Seu valor
normal é menor que 4ng/ml e tende aumentar naturalmente com a idade. OBS: A
prostectomia pode gerar impotência sexual e incontinência urinária.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Condições
benignas que elevam o PSA:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hiperplasia prostática benigna (PSA proporcional
ao tamanho da próstata);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Prostatite (ciprofloxacin 500mg 2 vezes ao dia);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Inflamação subclínica;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Biopsia de próstata;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Cistoscópia;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ressecção transurinária da próstata;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Retenção urinária;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ejaculação (eleva os níveis por 48hs);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Toque retal;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Trauma perineal (andar de bicicleta);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Infarto da próstata.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Toque retal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cerca de 20% dos
canceres de próstata são diagnosticadas devido ao toque. Percepção de nódulos ou
áreas de enduração é indicação para biopsia independente do valor do PSA (25%
dos pacientes com câncer de próstata apresentam PSA normal), porém existem
situações benignas com essas características como cálculos, prostatite
granulomatosa, infarto prostático e tuberculose prostática (mas 50% dos nódulos
palpáveis são malignos). Cerca de 25-35% dos canceres não são detectados ao
toque ( devido a posição do tumor, região anterior ou lateral da glândula).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;US
transrretal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Indicados quando
há alterações ao toque. Pode ajudar a guiar uma biopsia (detecta áreas
heterogenias). Deve-se biopsiar mesmo que US não detecte anormalidades. A
biopsia prostática guiada pelo US é o exame de escolha para confirmar o
diagnostico. Devem ser realizadas varias biopsias: área suspeitae pelo menos
mais 6 fragmentos. As complicações da biopsia são hematúria, hematoespermia,
sangramento retal e febre transitória.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Histologia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cerca
de 95% &amp;nbsp;dos câncer de próstata são
adenocarcinomas (reproduzem os padrões glandulares normais da próstata) e 5%
são carcinomas de células transicionais, carcinossarcoma, linfoma e sarcoma
estromal. Em 70% dos casos se origina na zona periférica da glândula, classicamente
em localização posterior, o que torna esse palpável no exame de toque.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Estadiamento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Após confirmação
histológica o estadiamento deve ser feito para predizer o prognostico e
direcionar a terapêutica. O estadiamento é feito pela Classificação TNM e de
Gleason (avalia o grau de diferenciação do tumor através da biopsia, atribui-se
valor de 1 á 5, sendo 1 o mais diferenciado e 5 o mais indiferenciado), que estabelece
score que vai de 0 á 10. A primeira nota se refere ao tipo histológico que
corresponde a mais de 50% das células e a outra nota se refere a qual padrão
que predomina no restante celular, assim soma-se as duas notas e têm-se o
score. Score de 2-4 indica tumor bem diferenciado ou de baixo grau, de 5-7
indica tumor de indiferenciação moderada e o score maior que 8 indica tumor
pobre ou indiferenciado ou de alto grau. &amp;nbsp;Essa classificação determina o grau de
diferenciação do tumor.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNBoMSKyunTW1lY5I7glk0LYh6GdDUFeq_WGUVVatFcTo7S6UaRa7KDKqR3MsaifzsBVw87sbZwI-MShmit9pDVF9_Cj4NLofzZgJ0vZfVSOxAnlzDYphLbCKVgjWnzlBLT2V3qHP6vWqw/s1600/carotla.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNBoMSKyunTW1lY5I7glk0LYh6GdDUFeq_WGUVVatFcTo7S6UaRa7KDKqR3MsaifzsBVw87sbZwI-MShmit9pDVF9_Cj4NLofzZgJ0vZfVSOxAnlzDYphLbCKVgjWnzlBLT2V3qHP6vWqw/s640/carotla.png&quot; width=&quot;499&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Invasão
perineural&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;É a invasão que ocorre por contiguidade e é importante
para estabelecer o prognostico e o tratamento. Se presente traduz invasão
extra-prostática presente e tem elevada porcentagem de recidiva após o
tratamento.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fisiologia prostática&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Testículos
produzem 95% de testosterona circulante e a adrenal apenas 5%. Na próstata
haverá transformação da testosterona em diidrotestosterona que estimula o
crescimento da próstata, tanto em tumor benigno quanto maligno.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Métodos terapêuticos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Depende :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Probabilidade de recorrência ou inexistência de
metástases;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Idade do paciente;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Expectativa de vida;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Presença de comorbidades&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Extensão á capsula prostática, vesículas
seminais ou linfonodos regionais&lt;/u&gt;: prostectomia e radioterapia adjuvante. Se
há risco de doença disseminada, associa-se terapia anti-androgênica.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Câncer de próstata localizado de baixo grau&lt;/u&gt;:
consistem na maioria dos tumores diagnosticados apenas através do rastreamento
do PSA. A maioria são biologicamente indolentes e talvez nunca terão
significado clinico. As propostas terapêuticas são:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-prostectomia
radical;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-radioterapia
(externa ou braquiterapia);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-expectante:
pacientes maiores de 70 anos, com expectativa de vida menor que 10 anos,
estadiamento clinico T1 ou T2 e score de Gleason &amp;lt;5. Faz-se o acompanhamento
do paciente com PSA e toque retal seriado e biposia prostática transretal anual.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Estudo para
tratamento expectante: mostrou nenhuma diferença na mortalidade total naquele
que operaram e naqueles que não operaram. Benefícios apenas nos pacientes com
PSA acima de 10.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Conduta expectante:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Câncer de baixo ou baixo grau (estádio I ou II)
e expectativa de vida maior que 20 anos;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Qualquer sinal de progressão deve-se fazer
intervenção;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As vantagens são
que se evita inconvenientes precoces da cirurgia como impotência e
incontinência urinária. Não existem estudos comparando esta conduta com prostatectomia
radical ou radioterapia (método menos invasivo, mas pode gerar complicações)
neste subgrupo.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Radiação externa ou braquiterapia:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É feita através
da implantação de sementes radioativas diretamente dentro da próstata guiados
por US transretal. Tem resultados semelhantes á prostectomia radical.&amp;nbsp; A melhor indicação é para os pacientes com
doença localizada. Complicações da radioterapia externa:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-retite
actínica (20%);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-urinários:
cistite actinica, polaciúria, disúria (50%). Usualmente desaparecem em poucas
semanas;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-disfunção
erétil (60%) em 2 anos (as vezes secundaria a outros fatores como idade, uso de
medicamentos).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Braquiterapia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ótima opção para
pacientes com risco baixo e intermediário, havendo capacidade de irradiar todo
o tumor. A próstata deve ter menos que 60 gramas. As complicações são as mesmas
da radioterapia externa, porém ocorrem menos comumente.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Prostectomia radical&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
É a terapia que
proporciona maior chance de cura. Envolve a remoção de toda a glândula e das
vesículas seminais. &amp;nbsp;Após a cirurgia o
PSA deve se tornar indetectável em ate 4 semanas. Paciente deve aceitar os
riscos e possíveis complicações:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-incontinência
urinaria (25%): usualmente normaliza em poucos meses.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
-Disfunção
erétil (80%): é regra após a cirurgia, mas 70% dos pacientes recuperação a
capacidade de ereção em 6-12 meses. Para o tratamento desta pode ser usado:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Inibidores de fosfodiesterase-5 (Sidenafil)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Prótese peniana&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Injeção peniana de papaverina&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Terapia antiandrogênica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A maioria das drogas agem reduzindo os níveis
de testosterona ocasionando uma castração química. As drogas são: frutamina,
goserelina (injeção subcutânea mensalmente, em pacientes com reicidiva, é uma
agonista do LHRH) ou hormônio liberador de gonadotropina. Diretrizes não
recomendam como a primeira opção para esse tipo de tumor. Opção nesta situação
apenas para aqueles que procuram tratamento ativo e se negam prostectomia e
radioterapia. Uma opção para reicidiva é retirar os testículos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;3)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tratamento da doença avançada&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; São usados para
melhorar a qualidade de vida e nem sempre prolongar a sobrevida. Minimizam as
complicações. Deve ser feita castração química ou cirúrgica.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;4)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tratamento de doença intermediaria ou alto
risco (PSA acima de 10)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É feito com radioterapia
e terapia antiandrogênica ou prostectomia radical. Se o PSA&amp;gt; 0,2 no
pós-operatório ou existir invasão de vesícula seminal ou linfonodo extra
prostático, a radioterapia é indicada no pós-operatório.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Terapia hormonal &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Orquiectomia bilateral&lt;/u&gt; (paciente idosos-
retirada dos testículos): reduz a testosterona a níveis mínimos e reduz
rapidamente os sintomas do paciente.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Terapia com LHRH&lt;/u&gt; (acetado de goserrelina-
Zoladex): agonista do receptor do hormônio liberador de hormônio luteinizante.
Injeções subcutâneas a cada 28 dias. Bloqueiam a ação do LH e assim reduzem a
produção testicular de testosterona. Nas primeiras semanas de tratamento podem
exacerbar os sintomas de câncer de próstata aumento os níveis de testosterona.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;u&gt;Antiandrogênios: &lt;/u&gt;podem ser não esteroides
(frutosamida, biclutamida e nilutamida) ou esteroides (megestrol e cirpoterona
{andocur}). Bloqueiam receptores androgênicos nas células tumorais e cursam com
aumento dos níveis de testosterona e por isso preservam relativamente a
potência. Sua desvantagem são os feitos adversos como diarreia, náuseas,
vômitos, hepatotoxidade e ginecomastia.&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;_GoBack&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/1846034334674245458/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/cancer-de-prostata.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/1846034334674245458'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/1846034334674245458'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/cancer-de-prostata.html' title='Câncer de Próstata '/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNBoMSKyunTW1lY5I7glk0LYh6GdDUFeq_WGUVVatFcTo7S6UaRa7KDKqR3MsaifzsBVw87sbZwI-MShmit9pDVF9_Cj4NLofzZgJ0vZfVSOxAnlzDYphLbCKVgjWnzlBLT2V3qHP6vWqw/s72-c/carotla.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-3946839953956215609</id><published>2013-11-13T19:44:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2013-11-13T19:44:00.427-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Introdução à cirurgia plástica</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
objetivo é tentar melhorar o padrão de vida, qualidade de vida da pessoa, tornando
funcional. Ela tenta restaura a forma e a função do órgão operado. Os
princípios básicos da cirurgia plástica são a analise cuidadosa do problema
operatório, o planejamento cuidadoso dos procedimentos, a técnica exata e o
manuseio atraumático de tecidos.&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A cirurgia plástica
tenta idealizar o corpo social. O Brasil é o 1º lugar da cirurgia plástica de
2002/2004.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Relação medico-paciente, fisioterapêutica
e esteticista:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Explicar tipo de incisão, anestesia, tempo de
afastamento&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Respeito&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Conhecimento das técnicas aplicadas&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Objetivo comum ”bem estar do paciente”&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tipos de Anestesias:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Local (subcutânea);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Peridural (muscular /T12);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Raquianestesia (muscular /T12);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Geral (endovenosa);&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Porque conhecer a técnica
operatória?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Conhecer a técnica cirúrgica é necessário para se saber o acesso
linfático, a profundidade do retalho, a extensão do deslocamento, o tamanho da
incisão e o tipo de anestesia. Toda cirurgia plástica deve ter o termo de
consentimento assinado no pós-operatório.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Cirurgias faciais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Retidoplastia:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Correção de músculos e sobra de pele da face. Pode ser parcial ou
total.&amp;nbsp; Exige incisões extensas e ocultas
no couro cabeludo e por diante ou detrás das orelhas, e, ocasionalmente na
região submentoniana. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Pode ser associado á blefaroplastia,
lipoaspiração mentoneana ou colocação de implantes. &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;A ritidoplastia é a cirurgia plástica de
rejuvenescimento da face. Seu objetivo principal é atenuar os efeitos do tempo,
gravidade e exposição solar sobre a face, que resultam no aparecimento dos
sinais de envelhecimento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Lifitting facial ou ritidoplastia
cérvico-facial:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Visa retirar o excesso de pele e reforçar a musculatura flácida, com
revitalização da face e do pescoço. A incisão tentar fugir da parte neural
sendo feita na parte posterior do trigêmeo. O Lifting Facial está indicado para
tratamento do terço médio-inferior da face. As alterações mais observadas são:
perda do volume na “maçã do rosto” muitas vezes acompanhada de uma projeção das
bolsas de gordura orbital; uma queda da bochecha sobre a linha da mandíbula
levando a formação do chamado “bulldog ball”, um aumento da dobra cutânea nos
sulcos (bigode chinês). No pescoço, há uma presença de “papada” as custas de
aumento de volume, projeção das “bandas platismais” (flacidez muscular) e
flacidez cutânea.&lt;/div&gt;
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TOTAL- abrange 3 andares da face: fronto-temporal, terço médio e região
do pescoço, incluindo pálpebras (blefaroplastia).&lt;/div&gt;
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PARCIAL OU MINI-LIFTING- abrange setores da face: ou fronto ou temporal,
ou teço médio ou região do pescoço, podendo não incluir as pálpebras.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
A incisão inicial é na região temporal, contorna a região pré-auricular
(localizadas 3 a 5 cm, posterior a linha do cabelo) e termina atrás da orelha.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Pode ser associada à lipoaspiração mentoniana, ou colocação de implantes.
Demora de 3 a 5hs. Deve ser realizada em ambiente hospitalar, com sedação e
anestesia local. Deve internar o paciente 2hs antes da cirurgia, podendo
permanecer de 12 a 24hs após a cirurgia no hospital. Faz-se então enfaixamento
da região, que permanece até a alta hospitalar. No 3º dia de pós-operatório é
retirada as suturas da pálpebra e entre o 7º e o 15º dia são retirados os
pontos. Pode ser feito com anestesia local ou geral.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
As complicações incluem hematoma, desprendimento da pele, lesões dos
ramos dos nervo facial, ou do nervo auricular maior, cicatrizes e assimetrias&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Pode preconizar o uso de meias elásticas (profilaxia de TVP), não ter
atividade sexual no pós operatório, exercício físico, excessos alimentares, uso
de filtro solar. É feito na posição de Fowler: fase bem regular. OBS: retirar
no pré-operatorio antidepressivos, anticoagulantes, hipoglicemiantes.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3TIcbDGyDDCNBPn0w7D-Hlg20Syn_9tLCvkJQBfvf8zl73X1pupSKL317w-5tiF6n8Bf2kOSdislxKJExGWmSq5QQofx130sr99OmWLpiy4m8ef8u63qEOqrFxyxyRGW1OjiiCVu0F9PW/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;168&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3TIcbDGyDDCNBPn0w7D-Hlg20Syn_9tLCvkJQBfvf8zl73X1pupSKL317w-5tiF6n8Bf2kOSdislxKJExGWmSq5QQofx130sr99OmWLpiy4m8ef8u63qEOqrFxyxyRGW1OjiiCVu0F9PW/s640/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Blefaroplastia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Visa à correção da ptose palpebral (Queda da pálpebra) superior ou
inferior, através da retirada do excesso de pele e das bolsas de gordura. &amp;nbsp;As incisões são feitas nas pálpebras
superiores que circundam a pele redundante previamente acentuada, a qual é
removida. Geralmente é feita com anestesia local.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
As técnicas são retalho palpebral (mais usada) ou supra ciliar. &amp;nbsp;É realizada em ambiente hospitalar, com
sedação e anestesia local, para diminuir a sensibilidade dolorosa e a
ansiedade. É um procedimento cirúrgico relativamente simples, embora a delicadeza
e nobreza das estruturas da região o tornem bastante delicado. Tem duração de
2hs e a alta hospitalar é após cerca de 2 á 3hs após o seu termino. O edema e a
equimose diminuem com7 a 10 dias&amp;nbsp; e as
suturas são removidas em 3 a 4 dias.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
As complicações são sangramento, formação de hematomas, cistos de
inclusão epidérmica, ectrópio e assimetria. &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZmx0ttkFkiFGzxc380P2X_iBFjYe6141H6EvoPUtNn1YVS4oac7QvFzmNWC6g9_mxKHE3B-5D-0ZGVPiIRQYnbPad18S16Kc1I5SokMVZFrHL-MifSUARqRee1yghr3hyphenhyphenDL-vJyPcI0he/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;305&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZmx0ttkFkiFGzxc380P2X_iBFjYe6141H6EvoPUtNn1YVS4oac7QvFzmNWC6g9_mxKHE3B-5D-0ZGVPiIRQYnbPad18S16Kc1I5SokMVZFrHL-MifSUARqRee1yghr3hyphenhyphenDL-vJyPcI0he/s640/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Rinoplastia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Visa à retirada do excesso de cartilagem da ponta nasal, parte do dorso,
e eventualmente laterais, assim como retalhos ósseos, que são reposicionados
após fratura intra operatória. Frequentemente, associam-se correções
fisiológicas como septoplastia reparadora e cauterização de cornetos. É
realizada em ambiente hospitalar com sedação e anestesia local, ou anestesia
geral.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Internação é feita 2hs antes da cirurgia, podendo permanecer de 18 á 24hs
no hospital após a cirurgia. Paciente sai da cirurgia com as fossa nasais
tamponadas com gaze, para miminizar o sangramento pós-operatório. Esse é
retirado na alta hospitalar, quando não for realizado a septoplastia. As
incisões geralmente são intranasais. As imobilizações externas são colocadas
para reduzir o edema e proporcionar alguma proteção, principalmente quando se
realiza osteotomias.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
As complicações incluem os sangramentos, cicatrização interna, recidiva
da obstrução nasal e irregularidade do contorno. Os tipos de rinoplastia são:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Correção na asa do nariz: incisões em pontos
externos do nariz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Correção do dorso ou septo: fratura óssea,
coloca-se gesso.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Correção da ponta: incisão em meio lua retirando
a ponta e subindo.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Pode ser usado enxertia óssea ou cartilagem. Deve-se evitar uso de
anticoagulantes e começar antibiótico 1hs antes e manter 24 hs. Usar
anti-inflamatório (cefalosporina de 2ª geração) não hormonal quando tem fratura
óssea.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Otoplastia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Visa principalmente à correção das “orelhas de abano”, que consiste em
dois problemas:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;o afastamento da cabeça provocada pelo tamanho
da cartilagem que compõe a concha articular&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;ausência de dobramento (anti-helix) que forma um
“Y” e deixa aspecto xapado&amp;nbsp; dobrada para
frente na parte superior.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
A retirada da cartilagem é feita através da região posterior da orelha,
que permite que a cicatrização fique praticamente invisível. É realizada em
ambiente hospitalar, com sedação e anestesia local e duração de 1h 30. Deixar
sempre limpo principalmente em diabéticos porque lesão de cartilagem o
tratamento é muito difícil. Alta 3hs após a cirurgia. O paciente sai com
turbante e faixa na cabeça. Os pontos são retirados entre 7º e 15º dia de
pós-operatório.&lt;/div&gt;
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OBS: Em toda cirurgia plástica dever retirar o cigarro porque ele altera
a cicatrização, sem esmaltes na unha, jejum de 6hs, pessoa não estressada
(maior risco de complicação).&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Cirurgias corporais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mamosplastia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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É a cirurgia de correção das mamas e pode ser feita para o aumento das
mamas (mamoplastia de aumento) ou para a correção da ptose das mamas
(mastopexia). &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;A ptose mamária é uma
alteração resultante da relação inadequada entre a pele da mama e seu conteúdo.
Pode ser definida em vários graus, de acordo com a relação entre o mamilo e o
sulco inframamário, podendo ser classificada da seguinte forma:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmuj2Nf1wsTVFIb7UItyHcz9yAeBv5ZLFzNqwFy1TfV0VH4ZKgG0ZWHHbKAy7TpHFZ9F-qqEJSWomI5wziciYakeljs4x34M23tAdKImfUlCpV7iIMWBXgfHhESz3E75dNk1k7x3hYUqv2/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;214&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmuj2Nf1wsTVFIb7UItyHcz9yAeBv5ZLFzNqwFy1TfV0VH4ZKgG0ZWHHbKAy7TpHFZ9F-qqEJSWomI5wziciYakeljs4x34M23tAdKImfUlCpV7iIMWBXgfHhESz3E75dNk1k7x3hYUqv2/s320/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
mastoplastia visa, através da redução das mamas, obter harmonia estética entre
os caracteres femininos e o restante do corporal, considerando: envergadura dos
ombros, estatura e altura do tórax, altura do abdome e postura habitual. &lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ocorre grande
alteração fisiológica, pelos deslocamentos, secção dos vasos e alteração da
rede linfática. O procedimento visa reorganizar a mama, muitas vezes mantendo
seu volume e retirando pele, gordura e tecido mamário e preservando os ductos
lactíferos. A técnica é por incisão areolar de T invertido, mas existem outras
técnicas em L com o mesmo resultado.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
É importante não lesar o mamilo para preservar a sensibilidade, preservar
os ductos lactíneos. &amp;nbsp;O tempo de cirurgia
é de 3 á 4hs e alta hospitalar com 24hs. Pontos são retirados entre 7º e 15º
dia. O uso de sutiãs adequados à nova mama ajuda a sustentar o curativo.
Proibidos movimentos amplos com os braços, principalmente elevação, até no
mínimo 45 de pós-operatório. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
A anestesia geralmente é geral e a recuperação pode levar de 7 a 10 dias.
As complicações incluem sangramentos, infecções, perda tissular, sensação
alterada ou perda da função do mamilo e de áreas areolares, cicatrizes e
assimetria das mamas. Usar&amp;nbsp;
braquioterapia para evitar queloides.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Prótese
mamária &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Nesse
procedimento uma bolsa de silicone cheia de solução fisiológica, ar é colocada
abaixo do tecido mamário, no plano submamário ou subpeitoral.Pode ser feita com
3 tipos de incisão: axilar (através das axilas), submamária (no sulco da mama)
e periaureolar (envolta da aréola). Ela pode ser colocada na frente do musculo
(atrás da glândula) e abaixo do musculo. Cada método tem suas vantagens e
desvantagens, devendo ser a escolha feita em conjunto pelo medico e paciente,
após discussão sobre os prós e contras de cada técnica.&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;É indicada para o
pacientes com mamas pequenas ou que após a amamentação tiveram grande redução do
volume mamário, sem que houvesse ptose da mama (queda da mama).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLpR0LAUD5TuNid64PT4iOvCxaekELXYiOXD7Lov5wWO6GyllzDBxy4pbE8v28ZXaOg4hKGCV62TkbjIDhrLQeUFwsZsPeF1EA7QnCPe8aezcixT0b91cbHvax_IE0C8wujd4wa_SYTehx/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;155&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLpR0LAUD5TuNid64PT4iOvCxaekELXYiOXD7Lov5wWO6GyllzDBxy4pbE8v28ZXaOg4hKGCV62TkbjIDhrLQeUFwsZsPeF1EA7QnCPe8aezcixT0b91cbHvax_IE0C8wujd4wa_SYTehx/s400/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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O procedimento pode ser feito ambulatorialmente com
anestesia local ou em ambiente hospitalar através da anestesia geral. Pode
haver como complicação a formação de contratura capsular.&amp;nbsp; Isso porque, toda prótese mamária é um corpo
estranho e gera capsula fibrosa ao redor da mama. A classificação de Baker
avalia retrações fibróticas que podem ocorrer como:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Beker I&lt;/b&gt;: As
mulheres não tem sintomas locais e, ao exame físico, não apresenta alterações
como assimetria ou deslocamento. As mama são macias e não há incomodo na
palpação. O tratamento é calor local, anti-inflamatório locais, US e drenagem. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Baker 2&lt;/b&gt;: a
mama com contratura é menos elástica, podem ocorrer pequenos incômodos e o
implante é sentido na palpação. Visualmente não há alteração. O tratamento é
calor local, antiinflamatorios normais, US, drenagem.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Baker 3&lt;/b&gt;: &amp;nbsp;a mama com contratura é mais dura, o implante
pode ser visto e sentido na palpação e há assimetria em relação a outra mama. Realmente
as medidas acima não sedem a dor e o tratamento é retirada da prótese mamaria.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Baker 4&lt;/b&gt;:
existem todas as alterações do III tipo acrescido de dor e assimetria grave,
com perda do resultado. O tratamento é retirar a prótese. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Amamentação, qualidade da prótese e rutura da prótese
podem ocasionar maior fibrose ao redor da prótese. Os implantes subperitoniais
estão relacionados a menores graus de contratura capsular. A desinsuflação dos
implantes salinos ocorre 1% ao ano. Outras complicações incluem retrações,
deslocamento, hematomas, infeção, exposição do implante, desinsuflação ou
ruptura do implante, assimetria das mamas e cicatrizes extensas.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;3)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dermolipectomia ou adominoplastia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Normalmente tenta utilizar as linhas de força da pele e
cicatriz da cesárea. Retira excesso de pele, reimplanta o umbigo, pode suturar
o reto abdominal para reforçar a musculatura. A cicatriz fica localizada na
região suprapubica.&lt;/div&gt;
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Visa correção funcional e estética da parede abdominal. Dependendo
do tipo de anormalidade, pode ser necessária a correção de elementos profundos,
musculares, ou da superfície, com retirada dos excessos gordurosos. A indicação
é mulheres com pele pendendo devido a gestação, envelhecimento, múltiplas
operações abdominais ou perda de peso significante (pacientes bariátricas).&lt;/div&gt;
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Quando tem essas alterações pode ter depressão do
diafragma, alterações funcionais das vísceras e dificuldade respiratória.
Exercício físico no primeiro mês esta proscrito. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Técnicas:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Miniabdominoblastia ou lipoaspiração:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;É a retirada de
gordura na região acima do umbigo por lipoaspiração, em seguida retirada de
retalho subcutâneo da região inferior do abdome, após deslocamento ate o plano
muscular. A anestesia geralmente é peridural, podendo ser utilizada a raquidiana,
a geral e raramente a local. A indicação é quando há excesso de gordura no
abdome superior excesso de pele no abdome inferior.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;O tempo de
cirurgia é de 3hs. A internação deve ser de 1 a 3 dias (os 3 dias são para ver
alterações hemodinâmicas), dependendo da recuperação e orientação do medico.
Deve drenar, o paciente fica com dreno abdominal por alguns dias e que será
retirado conforme orientação de seu medico. Curativo após alta deve ficar de 5
a 7 dias de pós-operatório e reconsulta após 7 dias. Paciente já sai do bloco
com a cinta e é importante que ela fique curvada &amp;nbsp;por pelo menos 15 dias evitando tensão na
cicatriz, evite esforços. Exercícios físicos devem ser evitados por pelo menos
1 mês. A cinta também deve ser usada por pelo menos 1 mês ou pelo priodod
estipulado pelo medico.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Possíveis complicações: hematoma, seroma, infecção,
sofrimento da pele, deiscência (abertura da sutura), necrose da pele da região
aonde foi retirada, abertura dos pontos (cicatrização por segunda intensão).
Quando a indicação da cirurgia é precisa, a técnica cirúrgica bem executada, os
cuidados pré e pós-operatórios seguidos, as complicações são raras.&amp;nbsp; Por serem as complicações mais frequentes em
pacientes fumantes, estes devem abster-se do cigarro por um mês antes da cirurgia,
para minimizar os riscos.&amp;nbsp; O resultado
definitivo é atingido após 6 meses da cirurgia, período necessário para a
acomodação dos tecidos e amadurecimento da cicatriz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Lipoplastia ou lipospiração&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Técnica que retira gordura locorregional. Pode fazer a marcação
pré-operatória em áreas de gordura localizada.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Técnica cirúrgica: entra com canula de aspiração ou um
lipoaspirarador com mecanismo vibracional. A cirurgia é realizada com anestesia
local ou geral, dependendo da extensão do procedimento. São utilizadas pequenas
incisões por onde são introduzidas as cânulas. Observar sempre o mínimo de
trauma possível. A quantidade aspirada não deve exceder 10% do peso do
paciente. A quantidade de gordura a ser retirada depende de cada caso e um dos
fatores limitantes é o hematócrito. Toda lipoaspiração resulta em uma anemia de
extensão proporcional ao tamanho do procedimento.&amp;nbsp; Cria tuneis abaixo da pele. A gordura pode
ser retirada e injetada em outros locais. A internação normalmente é de 24
horas e a anestesia utilizada é a geral. Quando se faz lipoaspiração em região
dorsal deve-se evitar a anestesia peridural&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Complicações no pós-operatório: hematomas, equimoses,
infecção, necrose, embolia pulmonar e assimetrias. É importante o uso de cinta
no pós-operatório. É importante não fazer força e realizar drenagem linfática.
Importante avaliar elasticidade da pele, estrias antes da cirurgia. Explicar
que sempre ficara uma cicatriz. Se tiver infecção respiratória e gripe deve
esperar o paciente melhorar para depois realizar a cirurgia. Em caso de
alterações menstruais com anemia deve resolver isso primeiro para depois
operar.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Tipos de
procedimento: pode ser feita por seringa, vácuo ou ultrassônica.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Tipos:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;a)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Úmida: injeta-se solução de Klein: contêm agua
destilada (apolar, o atrito das moléculas explode a gordura), adrenalina (vaso
constrição), soro meio aquoso. Após a injeção insere-se a cânula e aspira.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;b)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Seca: insere a cânula e aspira. Nessa técnica há
muito atrito e extravasamento de sangue.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;c)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Úmida e US: injeta-se a solução de Klein. É
semelhante á úmida com o uso de ultrassom 1 MHZ aumentando o atrito mecânico,
ficando mais fácil a sucção.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;d)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Vibrolipo e úmida: a cânula e movimento de
rotação da cânula para desintegrar a gordura. O trauma para o paciente com essa
técnica é maior e o cirurgião faz menos esforço.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Depois da marcação, fazer a palpação para ver o volume a
ser aspirado. Cânula inicialmente desloca a pele e depois aspira a gordura.
Sempre deve ser feita drenagem linfática no pós-operatório.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;texto&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;Diferentemente
do que é comumente divulgado, a lipoaspiração não é seguida de dor espontânea.
As áreas aspiradas ficam, entretanto, doloridas ao toque, dor que vai
diminuindo progressivamente. Nessa fase, a ajuda do fisioterapeuta, com
tratamento específico como drenagem linfática, melhora o edema e diminui a
sensibilidade local. Deve-se evitar exposição solar enquanto perdurarem as
equimoses.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDSfi1ogZfwpOUir91GRr0t0oAX0q_0uItNl6twysrC5Z5NKQ5QVnNIBSL2KO4Udm1gP3NfHEnG3ZuyB_mFWxFro0ZuqCQtxrlNcVvJJe300pi8fQbcFQxdIT2Q-vbNvujLn-560nsDM_C/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;505&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDSfi1ogZfwpOUir91GRr0t0oAX0q_0uItNl6twysrC5Z5NKQ5QVnNIBSL2KO4Udm1gP3NfHEnG3ZuyB_mFWxFro0ZuqCQtxrlNcVvJJe300pi8fQbcFQxdIT2Q-vbNvujLn-560nsDM_C/s640/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;texto&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;texto&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_8&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1028&quot; style=&quot;height: 209.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 264.75pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.jpg&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Cirurgia estética dos membros&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Braquioplastia e Liffiting de coxas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Uma das causas de lipodistrofia e ptose de membros
superiores ou inferiores são:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Envelhecimento e perda da constituição original
da pele;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Genética;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Perda ponderal expressiva;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Indicação:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Estética;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Higiene corporal (tem muita infecção fungica e
de bactéria)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dor local (peso excedente);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Intertigo;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Retorno ás atividade físicas;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
O
objetivo é ter os membros funcionais e estéticos. &lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;É
uma técnica que proporciona melhor contorno às coxas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
A braquioplastia teve um aumento no numero de cirurgia
em 2000 a 2004. Uma das causas desse aumento é o aumento das cirurgias
bariátricas. Cerca de 76% dos pacientes que realizam essa cirurgia são
ex-obesos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Primeira descrição da cirurgia foi há 79 anos . Além da
técnica pode fazer lipospiração associada.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Técnica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Retirada de excesso de pele seguindo as linhas de força
do braço, faz a incisão na lateral do tórax (linha axilar media), retira o
excesso de pele em meia lua. Outra incisão pode ser feita no terço médio do
antebraço, com retirada em meia lua. Pode ser feita pela técnica de Pitanguy ou
Guerreiro Santos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirF452f909vH-tQl8LYW8znkyOvNFahFQlqrWsaGzzsSgTgSE-4D9A_Hg6nDGCdUJJ4q5r5FynswKWmjRSVqigPdrj11ZPlvOwagJ6maXEUeWX8vdyOeoRBGVbcEqhf73XuJynK8fVqj1V/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;264&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirF452f909vH-tQl8LYW8znkyOvNFahFQlqrWsaGzzsSgTgSE-4D9A_Hg6nDGCdUJJ4q5r5FynswKWmjRSVqigPdrj11ZPlvOwagJ6maXEUeWX8vdyOeoRBGVbcEqhf73XuJynK8fVqj1V/s640/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Classificação da ptose braquial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Grau I-&lt;/b&gt; pequena prega, quase imperceptível,
mínima deposição de tecido adiposo. Drenagem linfática, atividade física,
fisioterapia, ultrassom local.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Grau IIA&lt;/b&gt;- queda menor que 5% de
depressão na linha média (tratamento conservador);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Grau IIB&lt;/b&gt; - maior que 5%- indicação
cirúrgica &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Grau III&lt;/b&gt;- maior que 10% sem perda
funcional &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Grau IV&lt;/b&gt;-
tem perda funcional, maior que 10%: indicação cirúrgica.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdrGXuWbCwynGsiLwHeugwXNlqykInr0kyabF2gfIjXsbA0oa_rBFzA2000eC1aZIDJLU5ip6L7e9UXler-lCGFcPvGRspiXGKAYtXnsU_kviGKsry7pmwaRV6GMmCZskSXxLX52VOnDml/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;225&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdrGXuWbCwynGsiLwHeugwXNlqykInr0kyabF2gfIjXsbA0oa_rBFzA2000eC1aZIDJLU5ip6L7e9UXler-lCGFcPvGRspiXGKAYtXnsU_kviGKsry7pmwaRV6GMmCZskSXxLX52VOnDml/s320/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Acima de 5% de depressão a cirurgia é indicada.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Complicações &lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Ocorre em 25% dos pacientes como: 95% são menores como seroma
(coleção de liquido- pode ser corrigido por drenagem, se não resolver colocar
dreno), cicatriz hipertrófica (fazer pesquisa de queloides pré-operatória,
pedir o paciente para evitar sol, pode ser feito braquiterapia), celulite e deiscência
de pontos cirúrgicos, abcesso (drenar e tratar com antibiótico). As
complicações maiores ocorrem em 5% das vezes com lesão do nervo cutâneo
antebraquial medial que gera parestesia ou dor no local por mais de 10 anos e
deve ser tratado com calor local.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Nervo cutâneo antebraquial medial&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Emerge através da fascia profunda (em media 14 cm
proximal ao epicondilo medial). A prevenção da lesão é feita com incisão
deixando 1 cm de gordura residual junto a fascia profunda. O tratamento é feito
com fisioterapia, antidepressivos e gabapentina. Parar o tabagismo pelo menos 1
mês antes da cirurgia&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Liffiting de coxa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Indicação:
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Flacidez cutânea e lipocacumulo geralmente
acometendo a face medial da coxa&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;A pele do local é fina e pouco elástica: um dos
primeiros sinais de do envelhecimento corporal ou perda ponderal.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;O local é mais difícil&amp;nbsp; para melhorar o contorno corporal. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;Classificação
e tratamento:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Acumulo de gordura moderado a severo (face
medial de coxa): se tem boa elasticidade pode ser feito apenas lipoaspiração.
Se tem pouca elasticidade faz-se lipospiração inicial e após 6 meses faz-se
ressecção cirúrgica;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Mínimo acumulo de gordura e flacidez severa
(ex-obesos): ressecção cutânea exclusiva&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ressecção
cutânea &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Paciente deve estar em posição de lipotomia. A cirurgia
dura de 3 a 4hs. A classificação é a seguinte:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Flacidez cutânea restrita ao 1/3 proximal da
coxa: faz-se em meia lua localizada (incisão horizontal na virilha)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Flacidez cutânea além do 1/3 proximal da coxa:
incisão vertical da coxa&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Pode ser feita combinação das duas incisões.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;Complicações&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
São maiores que do braço. Usuais: cicatrizes
hipertróficas, mal posicionadas, assimetrias deiscência. Pode haver tração
vulvar (retirada de muito excesso de pele), hematomas locais, seroma,
linfocele, linforréia e edema de membros inferiores.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Acompanhar o paciente por pelo menos 6 meses e após 30
dias fazer terapia descongestionante.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Considerações finais&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
Braços e coxas são áreas difíceis de ser tratadas. Os
pacientes devem conhecer o tamanho e a forma das cicatrizes resultantes e saber
que são a única maneira de ter um contorno corporal aceitável e agradável.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 10.0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/3946839953956215609/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/introducao-cirurgia-plastica.html#comment-form' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/3946839953956215609'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/3946839953956215609'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/introducao-cirurgia-plastica.html' title='Introdução à cirurgia plástica'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3TIcbDGyDDCNBPn0w7D-Hlg20Syn_9tLCvkJQBfvf8zl73X1pupSKL317w-5tiF6n8Bf2kOSdislxKJExGWmSq5QQofx130sr99OmWLpiy4m8ef8u63qEOqrFxyxyRGW1OjiiCVu0F9PW/s72-c/blo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-388812830685959136</id><published>2013-11-13T19:01:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2013-11-13T19:01:59.482-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Lesões malignas da pele</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1sscEUZcG55jfyzE_quywn4CEYKvF-jYc0tA6AI14X9ZILZXQTHj_xqQ7uqkFBoASDfzNzUETjijulSVZK8msBEL-5dvaGPy3iUGmcCmxmrwfrlBcam_Fd9UOjwoS8tPD3kVddk6NPWaQ/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;208&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1sscEUZcG55jfyzE_quywn4CEYKvF-jYc0tA6AI14X9ZILZXQTHj_xqQ7uqkFBoASDfzNzUETjijulSVZK8msBEL-5dvaGPy3iUGmcCmxmrwfrlBcam_Fd9UOjwoS8tPD3kVddk6NPWaQ/s320/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Melanoma cutâneo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;Corresponde a uma neoplasia maligna de
melanócitos, resistente tanto à quimioterapia como à radioterapia, pelo que o
seu tratamento de eleição é cirúrgico. Em virtude do alto potencial
metastático, o objetivo principal consiste no diagnóstico e tratamento na fase
inicial da doença.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Epidemiologia e causas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
O câncer de
pele é a forma mais comum de câncer, sendo responsável por pelo menos metade de
todas as malignidades. O melanoma é um cancro dos melanócitos, células de
origem na crista neural que migram durante o desenvolvimento fetal a vários
órgão e tecidos, mas predominantemente para a pele. Os melanócitos na pele são
posicionados ao longo da membrana basal na junção dérmico-epidérmica. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
É a gora o 5º
câncer mais comum em homens e o 6º tipo mais comum de câncer em mulheres. Melanoma
corresponde por menos 5% dos casos de câncer de pele. A incidência é maior na
Austrália e menor no Japão entre os países desenvolvidos.O doente é claro, de
olhos claros e que é predisposto ao sol (australianos). &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
A incidência
tem aumentado acentuadamente nas ultimas décadas.&amp;nbsp; A taxa de mortalidade tem sido estável desde
de 1990 mas continua a subir gradualmente um pequeno aumento&amp;nbsp; para homens com 65 anos ou mais ( maior grupo
que tem maior incidência de melanoma).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
É uma doença
predominantemente de brancos. O grau de pigmentação da pele é um fator de
proteção contra o melanoma cutâneo. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Fatores de
risco&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tipo de pele (cabelos loiros, olhos azuis, ou
ruivos que tem a pele clara);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Reação à exposição ao sol (sardas, incapacidade
para bornzear, propensão para queimaduras solares);&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia de empolamento grave;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Queimaduras;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Exposição intermitente ao sol;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Status sociocultural superior;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia familiar de melanoma;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Grande numero de nevos;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Nevo congênito gigante;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Presença de nevos displasicos;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Imunossupressão;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Historia de melanoma prévio ou de outros
canceres de pele;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Xeroderma pigmentoso.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
A media de
melanoma anual ajustada para a idade/100.000 pessoas é de 18,4 para brancos em
comparação com 2,3 para os negros, 1,6 para os asiáticos, 1,0 para os nativos
americanos e 0,8 para os afro-americanos. O melanoma é pouco mais comum em
homens que em mulheres.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Afeta paciente
em todas as fases da vida. É mais prevalentes em idosos (media de idade de 50
anos), mas é um dos canceres mais comuns em adultos jovens e adolescentes. Por
causa da idade relativamente jovem dos pacientes com melanoma, este esta entre
os piores tipos de canceres em termos de anos de vidas perdidos por doença
maligna.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Causa primaria
não esta totalmente definida, mas é claro que a exposição á radiação
ultravioleta constitui um fator chave causador. Comprimento de onda UV são
classificados como UVA (mais vilão porque atinge áreas mais profundas da pele)
ou UVB. O UVA possui o comprimento de onda mais longo (320-400nm) que o do UVB
(290-320nm). O UVA, o comprimento de onda predominante nas camas de
bronzeamento e luzes, penetra mais profundamente na pele que o UVB. Embora a
radiação UVA tenha sido desde há muito conhecida por desempenhar um papel
importante no envelhecimento da pele e formação de rugas, evidencias recentes
tem implicado a radiação UVA na causa de cancros da pele não melanoma.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Nos centros de
melanoma em todo o país, os adolescentes e adultos jovens são frequentemente
encontrados com melanoma, principalmente mulheres jovem que sofreram
bronzeamento. Exposição a radiação ultravioleta do sol é um importante fator de
risco, especialmente naqueles com pele clara, que são mais susceptíveis a queimaduras
solares. UVB causa danos na pela mais superficiais de camadas epidérmicas e é a
principal cauda de queimaduras solares, mas tem sido implicado no
desenvolvimento de melanoma também.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;O melanoma na pele inicia-se habitualmente na epiderme a
partir de mutação ocorrida em melanócito aí localizado. É denominado MM&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;in situ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;enquanto se encontra confinado
à epiderme, incluindo-se nesta o epitélio anexial (folículos pilosos e
glândulas sudoríparas). Nesta fase, não existe risco de metastização, em
virtude de o epitélio carecer de vasos sanguíneos e linfáticos.&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;O passo seguinte na evolução do MM
corresponde à invasão da derme e é a partir deste momento que o MM se torna
realmente “maligno”, uma vez que ganha a possibilidade de metastizar para
tecidos e órgãos distantes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;Só em cerca de um quinto dos casos o MM
tem origem em lesão melanocítica benigna prévia, como nevos congénitos,
principalmente nos denominados congénitos gigantes (quando o seu maior eixo é
superior a 20 cm) e também em nevos adquiridos (nevos displásicos, ou muito
raramente, em nevos azuis).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;Lesões precursoras&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Apesar dos
melanomas surgirem frequentemente de novo, eles podem desenvolver dentro de
lesões precursoras, como nevos displásicos e nevo congênito. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;NEVOS
DISPLÁSICOS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
São nevos
benignos e não usuais, que podem assemelhar-se ao melanoma. Em geral, um nevo
displasico&amp;nbsp; tem 6-15 mm de diâmetro (
lesão plana, não define bem em pele normal e área da lesão, se for leve retirar
apenas a lesão, se for maior retirar até 2,5cm da pele), sendo uma lesão
pigmentada na pele com margens indistintas e cor variável.&amp;nbsp; Apesar disso, a distinção clinica entre um
nevo com ou sem displasia é muito difícil.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Nevos
displásicos são normalmente descritos como tendo displasia leve, moderada ou
grave. Aqueles com displasia moderada ou grave devem ser retirados com margens
negativas e ampla excisão local (PAE) é desnecessária. Aqueles com displasia
leve normalmente não requerem excisão com margens negativas e podem ser
observados.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Um tipo de
nevo que existe é o nevus gigante congênito. Eles podem ocorrer em qualquer
parte do corpo e cobrir grandes áreas. Esses nevos causam problemas estéticos e
patológicos , pois tem maior predisposição para desenvolvimento de melanoma
maligno. É considerado uma lesão pré-maligna.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
MELANOMA FAMILIAL&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
É denominado
de síndrome de nevo displásico, familiar típico múltipla, mole-melanoma
síndrome (FAMMM) e BK síndrome de mole, entre outros. Essas síndromes incluem
pacientes com melanoma em um ou mais parentes do primeiro grau, com presença de
grande numero de nevos melanócitos (muitas vezes 50-100 ou mais), alguns dos
quais são clinica ou histologicamente atípicos ou displásicos. Pode haver
também uma historia familiar de outras doenças malignas, especialmente o cancro
pancreático. Esses paciente necessitam de avaliação dermatológicas detalhadas
varias vezes por ano, com biopsias periódicas das lesões suspeitas. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
As mutações do
gene CDKN2A na região 9 p21 foram demostrados em famílias com essas síndromes.
Esse gene tem a função de supressão da proliferação celular. Mutações no
ciclina dependente de quinase 4 (CDK4) e ciclina-dependente de 2ª inibidor de
quinase (CDKN2A) também tem sido implicados. A base hereditária já foi
estabelecida para a minoria de pacientes com melanoma&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
CERATOSE SEBORREICA&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Trata-se de
lesão regular, bordas bem definidas, sendo lesão benigna que não leva a
melanoma. Sue aparecimento esta relacionado à exposição ao sol.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Anatomia da pele&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;A pele é composta por três camadas interdependentes: a
epiderme, mais externa; a derme, intermediária; e a hipoderme ou panículo
adiposo, sobre a qual repousam as camadas já citadas, permitindo que a pele se
movimente livremente sobre as estruturas mais profundas do corpo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; Os melanócitos são
células dendríticas de origem ectodérmica que sintetizam pigmento melânico.
Localizam-se na camada basal e seus dendritos estendem-se por longas distâncias
na epiderme, estando em contato com muitos queratinócitos para os quais
transfere melanina. O melanócito e os queratinócitos com os quais se relaciona
constituem as unidades epidermomelânicas da pele, numa proporção de 1 para 36,
respectivamente.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Prevenção&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Prevenir a
exposição á radiação UV em excesso, sob forma de sol e bronzeamento de cama.
Uso de roupas de proteção e uso de filtros solares. Embora a maioria dos
especialistas acreditam que o uso de protetores solares vai reduzir o risco de
melanoma, este tema pé controverso, porque alguns tem sugerido que os
protetores solares podem fornecer uma falsa sensação de segurança e permitir
que as pessoas tenham exposição ao sol mais prolongada.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
No entanto,
uma meta-analise de 18 estudos não encontrou nenhuma evidencia que o uso de
protetores solares aumentou a incidência de melanoma. A avaliação regular
dermatológica de paciente com suspeita de lesões pigmentadas da pele é prudente
e constitui uma medida de prevenção.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Diagnostico:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;&quot;&gt;O diagnóstico de MM assenta essencialmente
na correlação entre a clínica e a observação microscópica de cortes
histológicos representativos de todo o tumor, corados por hematoxilina e eosina
(H&amp;amp;E), pois ainda não existe nenhum marcador imuno-histoquímico, 100%
específico e sensível, para o diagnóstico de MM, que nos permita substituir o
exame histológico de rotina.&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Assim para
o diagnostico são utilizados a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;biopsia excisional (retira toda a
lesão), incisional e raspagem.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;A forma correta de realizar a biópsia é através da
excisão completa da lesão, com margens de 1- 2 mm. A espessura da biópsia deve
incluir toda a espessura da derme com tecido subcutâneo, mas não deve incluir
todo o tecido subcutâneo, exceto nos pacientes muito magros ou nos com lesão
polipóide que invade até a gordura. Isso permite o acesso à arquitetura da
lesão, que é fundamental para a diferenciação do melanoma com o nevo de Spitz,
permite uma medida acurada da espessura, que é crucial para o prognóstico e o
planejamento cirúrgico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSrYtHqMyfuP-kOe0BWhrUnzsP6UW1g7Zhb4PSNc_gvwb3b477XH25PzFPwXV4mrS9xDKbJs9x2-D9I0XQcG9vjuM3Zv4F4J6JCFxfA7_1keMbK8C7-0zokNp5SqnG5nlA6BIJioSaHvqA/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;353&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSrYtHqMyfuP-kOe0BWhrUnzsP6UW1g7Zhb4PSNc_gvwb3b477XH25PzFPwXV4mrS9xDKbJs9x2-D9I0XQcG9vjuM3Zv4F4J6JCFxfA7_1keMbK8C7-0zokNp5SqnG5nlA6BIJioSaHvqA/s640/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Patologia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
O melanoma cutâneo invasivo é dividido em 4 tipos principais com base
no modelo de crescimento e de localização. Estas formas são lentigo melanoma
maligno, melanoma expansivo superficial, melanoma acrolentiginosos e melonoma
medular.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Melanoma surgem como proliferação de melanócitos na camada basal da
pele. &amp;nbsp;A medida que se multiplicam, estas
células expandem-se radialmente na epiderme e camada dérmica superficial,
denominando a fase de crescimento radial. Com o tempo, o crescimento começa
numa direção vertical. Melanomas nodulares são uma exceção desse padrão, pois a
fase de crescimento vertical nesse esta presente no inicio do desenvolvimento
do tumor. A fase de crescimento vertical permite invasão nas camadas mais
profundas da pele, em que o tumor pode alcançar o potencial metastático pela
invasão de vasos sanguíneos e linfáticos.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
O subtipo histológicos de melanoma não é, em geral, um fator importante
no prognostico. A espessura do tumor, ulcerações e outros fatores determinam o
prognostico. No entanto, alguns subtipos histológicos são mais susceptíveis de
serem detectados numa fase mais avançada. Tipos histológicos:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Lentigo maligno melanoma&lt;/b&gt;: ocorre mais
comumente na face de indivíduos mais velhos com pele danificada pelo sol e se
apresenta com uma lesão, variavelmente escura pigmentada (sombra marrom ou
preta), com bordas irregulares e uma historia de desenvolvimento lento. &amp;nbsp;São amplas lesões, que para excisão, as vezes,
é necessário rodar retalhos. &lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;Representam 10 –
20% dos melanomas cutâneo, 47% dos melanomas da cabeça e pescoço e 2% dos
melanomas de outras localizações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Melanoma expansivo superficial&lt;/b&gt;: tem bom
prognostico e é o tipo histológico mais comum. Não é necessariamente associado
a pele exposta ao sol. Aparece inicialmente como lesão plana e pigmentada,
crescendo na dimensão radial. Se permitida a progressão, estes melanomas
desenvolvem uma fase de crescimento vertical e invadem mais profundamente a
pele.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Melanoma acra lentigionoso&lt;/b&gt;: tem alta
malignidade. &lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;Eles são tipicamente encontrados
nas localizações acrais (subungueal, plantar e palmar) e nas superfícies
mucosas (anorretal, nasofaríngea, trato genital feminino). Tipicamente
apresentam uma fase de crescimento radial longa anterior ao crescimento
vertical, embora estas localizações torna o diagnóstico mais difícil que nas
outras localizações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Melanoma nodular&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;não possui crescimento radial, podem ser amelanóticos
e comumente são diagnosticados com espessura elevada. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Prognostico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
A maioria dos pacientes com melanoma recém-diagnosticados estão
ansiosos e preocupados que podem morres da doença. No entanto, deve
reconhecer-se que aproximadamente 87% dos pacientes com melanoma são curados de
seu cancro, em grande parte devido à detecção precoce. É portanto, de
importância substancial o diagnostico precoce para a estratificação de risco e
prever o prognostico de forma a orientar as decisões de gestão adequadas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Classificação&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Classificação
de Clark de acordo com o nível de invasão em camadas anatômicas da pele. Esta
classificação se relaciona com a sobrevivência:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Clark I: tumores
de melanoma in situ e são limitadas a epiderme. Portanto, não tem potencial
metastático;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Clark II: se
estende ate a derme papilar;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Clark III:
preenche a derme papilar;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Clark IV:
atinge a derme reticular;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Clark V:
estende-se até a gordura subcutânea.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Quanto maior o numero na
classificação pior será o prognostico. Em 1970, o Dr Alexandre Breslow&amp;nbsp; descreveu um sistema mais simples com base na
medição da espessura vertical do melanoma, em milímetros, agora conhecida como
espessura de Breslow. Com o aumento da espessura do melanoma o prognostico
piora.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj9IfhdMLEcFosm7ufR2oC3tpyNimWYXeKiLbtyB4gUQvlKVFsQeO-LccHAUvI6XkcomBMQvoF9bwUe7CoWMBD2PDI0eS_noixq1TmxXxoqJPjqi2EKBsYLH1DufNjq18iFHQ5OeEEkDu9/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;284&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj9IfhdMLEcFosm7ufR2oC3tpyNimWYXeKiLbtyB4gUQvlKVFsQeO-LccHAUvI6XkcomBMQvoF9bwUe7CoWMBD2PDI0eS_noixq1TmxXxoqJPjqi2EKBsYLH1DufNjq18iFHQ5OeEEkDu9/s640/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Classificação TNM &lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM1VB3ZBpHd6hKD3l7Nv5kqNoYyhJTDBhnKXJ3mWVSOCF6Jm243Dtm-KbPe1St0Di89tfxnL0qBsw53Wbt20uTnWu33T1IAvREjXXGQQbtpArkCMZi_EZJNcdvQ8KwBGoQYDON6PvAvtUv/s1600/blo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;403&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM1VB3ZBpHd6hKD3l7Nv5kqNoYyhJTDBhnKXJ3mWVSOCF6Jm243Dtm-KbPe1St0Di89tfxnL0qBsw53Wbt20uTnWu33T1IAvREjXXGQQbtpArkCMZi_EZJNcdvQ8KwBGoQYDON6PvAvtUv/s640/blo.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Infere prognostico, sendo mais
importante o índice T.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tratamento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Excisão local
ampla: margens adequadas para a excisão tem sido controversa. Em 1857, Noris
sugeriu a excisão local ampla para um melanoma primário para evitar a
recorrência local e defendeu uma margem de 5 cm, uma recomendação que seria
seguido por mais de um século.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
Até 1960,
todos os melonomas foram considerados tumores agressivos e foram frequentemente
tratados com excisão margem mais ampla. As orientações atuais para excisão
local ampla são apresentados na tabela: &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoTableGrid&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Espessura (mm)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Margem (cm)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
In situ&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
0,5&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;lt;1&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
1&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
1-2&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
1-2 &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;gt;2-4&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
2&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;gt;4&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 216.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;288&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
2&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;_GoBack&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/388812830685959136/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/lesoes-malignas-da-pele.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/388812830685959136'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/388812830685959136'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/11/lesoes-malignas-da-pele.html' title='Lesões malignas da pele'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1sscEUZcG55jfyzE_quywn4CEYKvF-jYc0tA6AI14X9ZILZXQTHj_xqQ7uqkFBoASDfzNzUETjijulSVZK8msBEL-5dvaGPy3iUGmcCmxmrwfrlBcam_Fd9UOjwoS8tPD3kVddk6NPWaQ/s72-c/blo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-8849917555440826793</id><published>2013-09-17T18:36:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2013-09-17T18:49:07.747-03:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Trombose
venosa profunda (TVP)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfDosWxCjdckcB7I_jnV8Z124ICVAA0DCeiSAiQlQ8fcdJ-RIpVlwBw_b7-lMZehmX_wVrBUMuZOLZ3yRFt6w7J_GLj0nkbrv8m_EiVCjE3C337QcnlRZJLOW7lxbjPw1eWe9AuC5YKYk/s1600/26809W.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfDosWxCjdckcB7I_jnV8Z124ICVAA0DCeiSAiQlQ8fcdJ-RIpVlwBw_b7-lMZehmX_wVrBUMuZOLZ3yRFt6w7J_GLj0nkbrv8m_EiVCjE3C337QcnlRZJLOW7lxbjPw1eWe9AuC5YKYk/s1600/26809W.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
TVP aguda é uma grande causa de mortalidade e morbidade nos pacientes
hospitalizados, particularmente no paciente cirúrgico.&amp;nbsp; Ocorre a partir de um pocesso trombótico
iniciado em um segmento venoso na ausência de anticoagulação ou na sua presença
inadequada, propagando-se e envolvendo segmentos mais proximais do sistema
venoso profundo, resultando em edema, dor e imobilidade. Sua complicação mais
temida é a embolia pulmonar, um condição potencialmente fatal. O surgimento da
doença é explicada pela presença de alguns dos parâmetros da tríade de Virchow:
estase crônica, lesão endotelial e estados de hipercoagulidade (mutação do
fator V de Leiden; mutação do gene da protrobina, deficiência de protíena C e
S, deficiência de antitrombina III, homocisteínemia, síndrome de
antifosfolípede, lupus, anticardiolipina).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
TVP ocorre em cerca de 100 pessoas por 100.000 de habitantes por anos nos EUA.
A incidência aumenta com a idade, com uma incidência de 0,5% por 100 mil
habitantes aos 80 anos de idade (isso ocorre pelo aumento da fragilidade venosa
que ocorre pelo envelhecimento).&amp;nbsp; Mais de
2/3 desses pacientes tem TVP sozinho, e os restantes têm evidência de embolia
pulmonar. A taxa de recorrência com o uso de anticoagulante foi observada ser
de 6% á 7% nos seis meses que se seguiram.&amp;nbsp;
Nos EUA, a embolia pulmonar provaca 50.000 á 200.000 mortes por ano. Se
as consequências de TVP, em termos de embolia pulmonar e AVC (só ocorrem em
pacientes cardiopatas), devem ser evitados, a prevenção, diagnóstico e
tratamento de trombose venosa profunda deve ser otimizado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As etiologias que podem
gerar a TVP são: trauma, irradiação, fibrose retroperitoneal, aneurismos, cisto
de Baker (aneurisma de poplítea).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;FATORES DE RISCO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Idade maior que 65 anos;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Grávidas (estão em estado de hipercoagulidade);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pós-operatório (pacientes ficam mais acamados o que predispõe
a estase sanguínea);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;IMC alto (&amp;gt;30);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Câncer (trombose venosa paraneoplásica);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Imobilização prolongada (viagens longas);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Tabagismo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;TVP prévia;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Politrauma;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Doença de Crohn&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: síndrome de
May-Thurner: compressão extríseca da veia íliaca comum esquerda.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;DIAGNÓSTICO CLÍNICO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
diagnóstico de TVP requer alto índice de suspeição. O sinal de Homans, que se
refere a dor na panturilha quando se faz a dorsiflexão do pé, pode não estar
presente, mas se presente confirma o diagnóstico. Geralmente nota-se um edema
assimétrico. É importante lembrar que a extensão da trombose venosa é um
importante fator para a apresentação sintomática. Por exemplo, a maioria dos
trombos na panturrilha tenem a ser assintomáticos a não ser que haja propagação
proximal. Apenas 40% dos pacientes têm sintomas. Quando sintomáticos, os
pacientes apresentam edema crônico, dor e claudicação venosa (edema grave com
sensação de peso), assimetria de membros inferiores, edema subcutâneo (sinal de
Godet- sinal de cacifo), trajetos venosos superficiais vísiveis (sinal de
Pratt- varizes secundárias á TVP) e presença de manifestações gerais como febre
baixa, taquicardia e mal estar. Outors sinais encontrados são o &lt;i&gt;sinal da bandeira &lt;/i&gt;(panturrilha dura
contra uma superfície óssea) e o &lt;i&gt;sinal de
Bancroft &lt;/i&gt;(empastamento na palpação contra uma superfície óssea).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Uma
trombose venosa envolvendo o sistema venoso ileofemural resulta em um maciço
edema na perna com cacifo, dor e palidez, quadro chamado de&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;phegmasia
alba dolens.&lt;/i&gt; Com a progressão da doença pode haver comprometimento do fluxo
arterial pelo grande edema, gerando uma perna ciánotica e muito dolorosa,
chamada de &lt;i&gt;phegmasia cerulea dolens.&lt;/i&gt;
Se esta condição progride pode haver desenvolviemnto de gangrena venosa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Os
sintomas mais frequentes são o edema e a dor (incidência de 86,7%), depois
aumento da consistência muscular (69,7%), dor no trajeto venoso (63,3%), sinal
de Homans (61,7%), dilatação de veias superficiais (48,6%) e cianose (11,5%).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;EXAMES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Flebografia/Plestimografia: são utilizados em casos de alta
suspensão. A pletismografia mede a alteração na capacitância venosa e o índice
de esvaziamento do volume venoso na oclusão temporária e na liberação do
sistema venoso. Um manguito é inflado ao redor da coxa proximal, até o sinal
eletrico atindir um platô. Com o esvaziamento do manguito deve haver rápido
refluxo e redução do volume. Na trombose venosa há um prolongamento na onda de
refluxo. Não é muito usado clínicamente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;US dopler: o dupex scan é o teste de escolha para avaliação
de trombose venosa. Sua vantagem é ser um teste não invasivo. O transdutor
permite avaliar a compresividade da veia, que normalmente é facilmente
comprimida, mas na presnça de trombo apresenta resistência a compressão. Permite
também avaliar a cronicidade do trombo pela ecogenicidade desse.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;D-dímero: teste que mede os produtos de degradação da
fibrina. O D-dímero é um substítuto da atividade da plasmina na fibrina. Tem
alto valor preditivo negativo (96%), por isso se esse teste for negativo
provavelmente o paciente não tem TVP. Em caso de teste positivo, pode ou não
ser TVP porque outras situações podem causar sua elevação como é o caso de pós-operatório.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Venotomografia ou RM venosa: é feita através de injeção de
contraste no sistema venoso (no caso da TC), é um bom exame para avaliar
oclusões e as veias pélvicas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Na investigação diagnostica
os primeiros exames a serem realizados são o US e o D-dímero. Se caso haja alta
suspeita no US mas o D-dímero estiver negativo, deve-se usar outro método
dignóstico. Mas se hover baixa suspensão e o D-dímero for negativo, o paciente
não tem TVP. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PROFILAXIA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É
utilizada para os pacietes que sofreram operação de grande porte abdominal ou
ortopédica, trauma grave ou imobilização prolongada (&amp;gt;3 dias).&amp;nbsp; Os métodos de profilaxia podem ser mecânicos
ou farmacológicos. O método mais simples é paciente andar (ativação do
mecanismo de bomba da panturrilha). Outro método utilizado é a compressão
intermitente ou pneumática, são aparelhos que comprimem periodicamente as
panturrilhas , ativando o mecanismo de bomba dessas. O método farmacológico é
feito através do uso de minidoses fixas de heparina (5.000 u á 25.000u da HNF
divididas em 3 doses/dia ou HBPM 20mg em idosos e 40mg em não idosos-estudos
têm mostrado que esta é mais eficaz, além de não necessitar de controle com o
TTPa).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TRATAMENTO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Qualquer
tromboembolismo envolvendo o sitema femoropoplíteo de ver ser tratado com
anticoagulação plena (heparina plena: HNF –bolus 60u/Kg, 4 hs após avaliar TTPa
que deve estar entre 1,5 e 2,5, com dose de manutenção de 12u/Kg/hora, sendo em
doentes renais a dose deve ser a metade; HBPM –img/Kg BID, sem monitorização). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A anticoagulação oral com o
warfarin é iniciada no mesmo dia. Se for iniciada sem a heparina , existe um
risco de hipercoagulidade transitória, porque os níveis de proteína C e S caem
antes dos outros fatores dependentes de vit K serem depletados (leva 3-5 dias
para fazer efeito). O tempo minímo para o tratamento com o uso de
anticoagulante oral é de 3 meses, mas se caso o paciente tem um estado de
hipercoagulidade conhecido ou já teve episódios de trombose venosa, a
anticoagulação deve ser por toda a vida. A monitorização do anticoagulante deve
ser feita com o RNI, que deve ficar entre 2 e 3). Esse tratamento é
teratogênico e não deve ser utilizado durante a gravidez (usar HBPM).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A trombolíse tem o objetivo
de reestabelecer o fluxo rapidamente, impedindo o desenvolvimento de
insuficiência venosa crônica. A alternativa para esse tratamento é a trombectomia
venosa cirúrgica. A incidência de sangramento importante é maior com essa
terapia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;No caso de paciente
utilizando anticoagulaçao adequada mas que desenvolve embolia pulmonar ou que
tem contra-indicação para o uso de anticoagulante, a alternativa é o uso do
filtro de veia cava. Os filtros são colocados por via percutânea sobre um fio
guia (o mai usado é o filtro de Greenfield). As complicações desse métodos são:
hematoma da ferida, migração do filtro para dentro da artéria pulmonar e
oclusão da VC por grande êmbolo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/8849917555440826793/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/09/trombosevenosa-profunda-tvp-atvp-aguda.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/8849917555440826793'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/8849917555440826793'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/09/trombosevenosa-profunda-tvp-atvp-aguda.html' title=''/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfDosWxCjdckcB7I_jnV8Z124ICVAA0DCeiSAiQlQ8fcdJ-RIpVlwBw_b7-lMZehmX_wVrBUMuZOLZ3yRFt6w7J_GLj0nkbrv8m_EiVCjE3C337QcnlRZJLOW7lxbjPw1eWe9AuC5YKYk/s72-c/26809W.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-7092266532594337356</id><published>2013-09-17T18:31:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2013-09-17T18:31:20.904-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Doencas Venosas</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Doença venosa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Anatomia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglg2-l4tRKgNLll0J8bl3KL7_lz_7Z8KIYwZ2F_1aMjxicqT9I4Hw_dvSbovB1w0ImzqTaE1JCs9fm4dkJcUnwYBz3mv9JZLMcspdCENStyBCiVAb_y6_4mJa8fcpSFItYATQOzZ8nNxwT/s1600/med.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;265&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglg2-l4tRKgNLll0J8bl3KL7_lz_7Z8KIYwZ2F_1aMjxicqT9I4Hw_dvSbovB1w0ImzqTaE1JCs9fm4dkJcUnwYBz3mv9JZLMcspdCENStyBCiVAb_y6_4mJa8fcpSFItYATQOzZ8nNxwT/s400/med.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; A
drenagem venosa das pernas é realizada por dois sistemas paralelos conectados:
os sistemas profundos e superficiais. O sistema profundo através de veias
perfurantes comunica-se com o sistema superficial em vários pontos do membro
inferior: pé, região medial e lateral da perna e coxa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
sistema venoso superficial é formado a partir das condições entre as veias
dorsais superficiais do pé e as plantares profundas. O arco venoso dorsal que continua
com a veia safena magma, medialmente, e a veia safena parva, lateralmente. A
veia safena magna (interna) acende próxima ao nervo safeno ascendendo
anteriormente ao maléolo medial e ascendendo ainda medialmente ao joelho, entra
na fossa oval e desagua na veia femoral comum (antes recebe as safenas
acessórias, medial e lateral). As veias do arco posterior drenam a região do
maléolo medial, e à medida que ascendem na panturrilha recebem veias mediais
perfurantes as chamadas &lt;i&gt;perfurantes de
Cockett, &lt;/i&gt;antes de se unirem a veia safena magna no joelho. A veia safena
parva (externa) ascende lateralmente a partir do arco venoso dorsal, posterior
ao maléolo lateral e desagua na veia poplítea. É acompanhada intimamente pelo
nervo sural.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
sistema venoso profundo começa com o arco venoso profundo. Ele continua com as
veias plantares mediais e laterais que drenam para as veias tibiais
posteriores, que se unem as fibulares e drena na veia poplítea, essa ultima ao
penetrar no canal dos adutores vira veia femoral superficial, essa ascende e
recebe a drenagem da femoral profundo se tornando veia femoral comum. Na altura
do tornozelo as veias dorsais do pé forma o param de veias tibiais anteriores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS: veia de Giacomini: junção da safena parva com a
poplítea.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Histologia e
funçao venosa normal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Diferente
da arteria a veia é mais fina e possui menos musculatura lisa e elastina. É um
vaso de capacitância, possuindo fibras adrenérgicas responsavéis por esse
mecanismo de capacitância, através de mudanças no tonos venoso. Por as veias
possuirem pouca quantidade de musculo liso, o retorno venoso é feito por
contração de orgãos adjacentes. As veias possuem válvulas que evitam o fluxo
retrógrado e sua falência leva ao refluxo e aos sintomas associados a
esse.&amp;nbsp; Essas valvulas são mais numerosas
na porção distal do membro inferior, deixando de existir nas VCS e VCI. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Os
musculos da panturilha funcionam como uma bomba aumentando o retorno venoso. Na
posição ortostática, a pressão venosa em repouso nos pés reflete a pressão
hidrostática de uma coluna de sangue desde o átrio até o pé. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Durante
exercicios cria-se uma alta pressão no comprometimento profundo da perna, que
se as veias perfurantes são falhas acaba sendo transmitido para o sistema
superficial.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Insuficiencia
venosa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A insuficiencia venosa pode ter 3 etiologia:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 3.8pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Congênita: devido a ectasias venosas, ausência de válvulas
venosas e síndromes como a síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay. Trata-se de uma
amlformação congénita, caracterizada sobretudo por problemas no sistema venoso,
assimetria corporal, macrocefalia, gigantismo, manchas no corpo (mancha
pigmentada na pele de cor de vinho do porto), dificuldade renais e na visão e
ligeiro atraso no desenvolvimento intelectual. Fisicamente, detecta-se estatura
elevada, assimetria corporal e dos membros superiores, hemagioma cavernoso,
linfdema/edema, veias varicosa, angiomatose visceral, cataratas, fistula
arterio-venosa, microcefalia, nevos pigmentados, polidactilia dos membros
superiores, sindactilia dos dedos, teleangectasia na pele (excluindo palvilhões
auriculares) macrocefalia, testa saliente e olhos escovados (assimetria facial).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 3.8pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Primária: Idiopática. É a forma mais comum.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 3.8pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Secundária: pós-trombótico ou obstrutivo estado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 187.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 187.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Insuficiência venosa primária&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Há três categorias
principais de insuficiência venosa primária: telangectasias, veias reticulares
e veias varicosas (são semelhantes fisiologicamente mas diferem no calibre).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Teleangectasias: varicosidades intradérmicas muito pequenas
(calibre &amp;lt;1mm);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Veias reticulares: veias subcutanêas dilatadas que penetram
nas tributárias das veias safenas (ramos venosos que entram nos ramos axiais,
calibre de 1-3mm);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Veias varicosas: veias de calibre mais dilatado do sitema
venoso superficial (veias axiais, de grande calibre, &amp;gt;3mm);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PATOGÊNESE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pode
ser causada por defietos na força da parede venosa como o que ocorre em
deficiências de elastina e colágeno. Outra causa seria a falência valvular e
pecularidades anatômicas. Essa falência valvular pode ser causada devido a uma
hipertensão venosa que pode ser gerado por exemplo pela pressão hidrostática do
paciente em pé ou pela falha das veias perfurantes em impedir a transmissão das
grandes pressões geradas durante o exercício no sistema profundo para o sistema
superficial. Essa súbita transmissão de pressão causa dilatamento e alongamento
das veias superficiais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;FATORES DE RISCO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Incluem:
idade avançada (mais de 65 anos), sexo feminino (componente hormonal),
genética, história de trauma, influência hormonal (uso de estrogênio e
progesterona que levam a desestruturação da parede da veia) e IMC &amp;gt;30.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;SINTOMAS DAS VEIAS VARICOSAS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Paciente
geralmente informa sensação de peso, desconforto e fadiga no membro. A dor é
caracteristicamente “surda”, não ocorrendo durante o repouso ou pela manhã, e é
exacerbada ao final da tarde, principalmente após longos períodos de pé. A
paciente pode relatar melhora das sensações de dor, peso, cansaço e queimação
com a elevação dos membros ou uso de meias elásticas. Edema pode estar presente
(em caso de esse ser unilateral, pensar em trombose). Prurido cutanêo também
pode ocorrer, devido a oncgestao local que pode iniciar uma dermatite, como a
dermatite de ocre ou lipoesclerose (depósito de hemossiderina na pele).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Com
o tempo a estase venosa gera hipóxia podendo ocorrer:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Atrofia branca: área localizada da pele atrófica, decorrente
de uma lesão da derme. São cicatrizes atróficas, pequenas e esbranquiçadas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Phelbectasia: pequenas veias intradermicas dilatadas em
formato de leque.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Eczema: são placas avermelhadas, descamativas com prurido,
causadas por uma dermatite.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Lipodermatoesclerose: pele e tecido subcutanêo expessado e
endurecido.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pigmentação&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Geralmente o acometimento
ocorre de forma ascendente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ANAMNESE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Perguntar
a paciente sobre a queixa atual e a duração dos sintomas. Na história pregressa
caracterizar doenças anteriores,principalmente casos de trombose venoso,
presença de traumatismos e varizes. É importante também saber a profissão da
paciente, para saber se esta fica muito tempo sentada ou de pé.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;EXAME FÍSICO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O
exame físico pode determinar a natureza da estase venosa, a presença de
manchas, varizes, gravidade e extensão nas flebites. O exame pode ser
complementado com a palpação do refluxo venoso com manobra de vasalva. Ao exame
físico pode-se ver: hiperpigmentação da perna, lipodermatoesclerose, edema
depressível, presença de nevos, aumento do comprimento do membro e varizes de
localização atípica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;CLASSIFICAÇÃO DA DOENÇA CRÔNICA VENOSA DOS MEMBROS
INFERIORES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
CEAP é um sistema recente se escores que estratifica a doença venosa com base
na apresentação clínica, etioogia, anatomia e fisiopatologia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;C- sinais clínicos (0-6), completados pr “A” se existe
assimetria e “S” para apresentação sintomática;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;E- classificação por etiologia-congênita, primária ou
secundária;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A-distribuição anatômica-superficial, profunda ou perfurante,
sozinha ou combinado;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;P-patologicos- disfunção, refluxo ou obstrução, por si
só ou em combinação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Classificação clínica (0-6)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sem sinais visíveis nem palpáveis de doenças venosas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Telangectasia, veias reticulares, queimação maleolar;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Varizes;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;3-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Edemas sem alterações cutanêas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;4-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;As alterações de pele atribuídas a doença venosa (por
exemplo, pigmentação, eczema venoso, lipodermatoesclerose)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;5-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Alterações da pele tal como descrito acima, com ulcerações
curadas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;6-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Alterações de pele como descritas acima , com ulcerações
ativas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;EXAMES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; São
utilizados no consultório o aprelho Doppler portátil manual&amp;nbsp; para a confirmação da presença de refluxo. O
duplex scan permite definir mais precisamente quais veias têm refluxo
(visualiza veias superficiais e profundas). &amp;nbsp;Ele identifica localização e morfologia das
veias. Esse exame deve ser realizado com o paciente em ortostátismo. Esse exame
pode ser feito com inspiração normal ou inspiração forçada (avalia a
competência valvular). &amp;nbsp;Ele permite
avaliar o refluxo na safena magna e parva e avaliar a presença de trombo agudo
(visto como defeito de enchimento: lúmen hipoecoíco e não compressível) e
trombo crônico (veia mais contraída, lúmen preenchido por material hiperecoíco
com fluxo ou não). OBS: o folheto valvular é fino, linear, é uma estrutura para
com margens livres que não deixa refluir o contraste.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
venografia ou flebografia é desnecessária para o diagnóstico de estase venosa
primária e veias vericosas mas é muito útil na insuficiência venosa secundária,
identificando obstruções, fístulas (suspeitar quando no local há hiperfluxo) e
incompetências valvulares. São utilizados também quando o US é inconclusivo. A
Plesmografia não é mais utilizada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A
TC/RM venosa é utilizada mais para a avaliação da vasculatura pélvia e de
malformações.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TRATAMENTO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As
idicações primárias para o tratamento são dor, fadiga, sensação de peso,
tromboflebite superficial recorrente, sangramento e estética. O tratamento
melhora os sintomas causados pela hipertensão venosa. E as medidas não medicamentosas
adotadas são as seguintes: meias elásticas de média compressão (20-30mmHg- não
utilizar em pacientes com insuficiência arterial porque as meias podem piorar a
isquemia) durante o dia, elevação dos membros (dois períodos do dia, pés acima
do nível do coração) e atividade física. Pacientes com úlceras de estase, deve
haver cuidado local com as feridas (pomadas de óxido de zinco, ATBs-raramente
sistêmicos, os locais são mais utilizados-, terapia hiperbárica-curativos). Em
caso de ulceras ativas não usar as meias de compressão&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Outro
tratamento utilizado é a ablação venosa: utilizadas em venectasias com menos de
1mm de diâmetro. Podem ser tratadas por técnicas de escleroterapia, na qual
injeta-se substâncias esclerosantes diretamente nos vasos da área acometida
(sotradecol, hipertônica salina, etc), sendo que a dose não ultrapasse o,1ml e
com o uso de anestésico local. Existem dois métodos para a escleroterapia, a
Foam escleroterapia (técnica descrita acima) e a escleroterapia por laser.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;O tratamento cirúrgico pode ser usado para
remover varicosidades com diâmetro maior que 4 mm. A flebctomia ambulatorial
pode ser feita com pequenos cortes preservando a safena quando essa não esta
comprometida. Quando a safena esta comprometida utiliza-se a técnica de safenectomia
(sua retirada deve ser feita de cima para baixo para evitar danos linfáticos e
nervosos). Outro método cirúrgico utilizado é o Trivex, no qual coloca-se uma
haste dentro da veia, clampa suas extremidades e depois a retira.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O tratamento atual mais
moderno é a Endovenosa Ablação, no qual no qual a veia é esclerosada através de
radiofrequência, calor ou laser. A confirmação da colabação da veia é obtida
através do duplex realizado no final do procedimento. Os risco do procedimento
incluem: desenvolvimento de TVP ou TEP, queimadura da pele, tromboflebite,
parestesias e recorrência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As indicações para
intervenção das varizes são: cosmético, sintomas refratários ao tratamento
conservador, sangramentos pelas varizes, tromboflebite, lipodermatoesclerose,
úlceras varicosas de estase.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;GRADUAÇÃO DO REFLUXO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sem refluxo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Refluxo até o meio da veia femoral comum;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Refluxo até a panturilha;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;3-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Refluxo até abaixo do joleho;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;4-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Refluxo até acima do joelho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/7092266532594337356/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/09/doencas-venosas.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/7092266532594337356'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/7092266532594337356'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/09/doencas-venosas.html' title='Doencas Venosas'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglg2-l4tRKgNLll0J8bl3KL7_lz_7Z8KIYwZ2F_1aMjxicqT9I4Hw_dvSbovB1w0ImzqTaE1JCs9fm4dkJcUnwYBz3mv9JZLMcspdCENStyBCiVAb_y6_4mJa8fcpSFItYATQOzZ8nNxwT/s72-c/med.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9190296058985814683.post-1846815266577682626</id><published>2013-09-17T18:20:00.006-03:00</published><updated>2013-09-17T18:20:59.746-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Diabetes Gestacional</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Definição&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) é definida com uma intolerância a
carboidratos de gravidade variável, com início ou reconhecimento na gestação,
podendo persistir ou não após o parto. Caso a paciente apresente conhecimento
prévio do diagnóstico, nãoé considerado com DG. Cerca de 7% de todas as
gestações são complicadas pelo DMG e a prevalência oscila de 1 a 4%.É
considerada a complicação clínica mais comum da gravidez.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Incidência&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Aproximadamente 7% de todas as
gestações complicadas por diabete resultando em mais de 200.000 casos anuais no
Brasil.A prevalência pode alcançar de 1 a 14% dependendo da população e dos
testes empregados.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Classificação
etiológica do Diabetes Mellitus:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; É classificada com base no processo
patológico envolvido.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;I
– Diabetes tipo I&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A – Mediado imunologicamente: forma mais comum
de diabetes tipo 1, que resulta de uma destruição autoimune das células β
pancreáticas, levando geralmente a deficiência absoluta de insulina e tendência
a cetose. Ocorre geralmente abaixo dos 30 anos de idade. Pacientes tem
predisposição a outras doenças autoimunes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;B – Idiopático: sem causa determinada&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diabetes
tipo 2&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É
a forma mais frequente de diabetes, relacionada com resistência periférica a
insulina.clinicamente os pacientes são mais velhos e obesos. A acidose é rara e
existe forte influência familiar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Outros
tipos específicos de diabetes&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Hiperglicemia gerada por defeitos
na secreção e/ou na ação de insulina por causas genéticas, endócrinas, tóxicas,
infecciosas e imunológicas que secundariamente levam a diabetes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Diabetes
Mellitus gestacional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Intolerância aos carboidratos de
inicio na gravidez podendo ou não persistir após o parto. Envolve também a
tolerância diminuída a glicose pré-gestacional não diagnosticada, o diabetes
tipo 1 e 2 incipiente e o diabetes clínico tipo 1, desenvolvido após o ultimo
trimestre da gravidez.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tolerância
diminuída à glicose e intolerância à glicemia de jejum.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Refere-se ao estágio metabólico
intermediário entre homeostase normal da glicose e o diabetes melitus.
Corresponde a glicemia de jejum ≥ 100mg/dl e ≤ 126mg/dl.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O rastreamento do diabete
mellitus gestacional deverá ser realizado em todas as gestantes.O cuidado com a
diabética tipo 1 ou 2 que pretende engravidar deve ser iniciado antes da
concepção, sendo a meta alcançar bom controle glicêmico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fisiopatologia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O modo
como a gravidez é capaz de levar a esse estado temporário de diabetes é
desconhecido. São possíveis explicações:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;↓da secreção de insulina;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Alterações na ação da insulina;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Secreção ↑de hormônios com efeitoantiinsulínico;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;↓da sensibilidade dos tecidos à insulina.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Alterações
metabólicas na gestação normal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O feto
utiliza a glicose como principal substrato energético. Ela atravessa a placenta
através de difusão facilitada.A secreção de insulina pelo pâncreas fetal
inicia-se a partir da 12&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; semana de gestação. Porém, até a 28&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
semana as células beta não respondem aos estímulos da glicose, respondendo
apenas aos aminoácidos, que atravessam a placenta por transporte ativo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O feto
em crescimento depende do suprimento materno de glicose, aminoácidos e lípides,
que são regulados, em parte, pela insulina.A contínua solicitação de glicose
pelo feto e a ação dos hormônios placentários alteram o metabolismo materno.
Assim, o feto terá os substratos energéticos que necessita.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O
organismo materno precisa utilizar mecanismos metabólicos alternativos para
produção de energia, como a glicogenólise, a gliconeogênese e a hidrólise de
triglicérides.Esse processo ocorre em duas fases distintas: o anabolismo até a
27&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; semana de gestação o catabolismo apartir da 28&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
semana.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Adaptação
do metabolismo materno na gravidez normal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fase anabólica da gravidez:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A ação do estrogênio e
progesterona induz a acentuada hiperplasia das celas beta pancreáticas gerando
um hiperinsulinismo. Isto gera um aumento da utilização periférica da glicose e
elevação dos estoques de glicogênio nos tecidos e diminuição da glicemia em
jejum. Paralelamente há redução das concentrações plasmáticas de aminoácidos e
aumento da lipogênese. A grávida conserva glicose, aumentando a lipogênese e a
produção de glicogênio pelo fígado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Fase catabólica da gravidez:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A fase catabólica caracteriza-se
por redução dos depósitos de glicogênio no fígado, maior produção hepática de
glicose e elevada mobilização de aminoácidos me gorduras, garantindo maior
formação de substratos energéticos necessários ao desenvolvimento fetal. Nesta
fase a tolerância a glicose diminui, acentua-se a hipoglicemia de jejum,
enquanto os níveis de insulina se elevam de maneira acentuada, sugerindo a
ocorrência de resistência periférica a insulina. Esta parece decorrer da ação
da progesterona, prolactina, cortisol e em especial do hormônio lactogênico
placentário (tem forte ação antiinsulínica e lipolítica). O aumento da lipólise
leva ao aumento de ácidos graxos, glicerol e cetonas na circulação (aumentam
ainda mais a resistência á insulina).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O final
da gravidez também é caracterizado pelo “jejum acelerado”.Como a maior parte da
glicose num período pós absortivo precoce deriva da glicogenólise, há ↓ das
reservas hepáticas de glicogênio.Além da glicose, o concepto retira
aminoácidos, o que limita a gliconeogênese hepática materna e ↑ a lipólise. A
lipólise gera glicerol que é um excelente substrato para a gliconeogênese
hepática, ácidos graxos e glicerol que funcionam como combustível para esta
gliconeogênese.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Em resumo, a transferência para o feto de
glicose e aa tende a reduzir a glicemia em jejum e acentuar a utilização dos
ácidos graxos ecetogênese. Com a progressão da gravidez, ocorre aumento dos
hormônios que antagonizam a ação da insulina, o que culmina com resistência
insulínica e com hiperglicemia pós-prandial,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O final
da gestação é caracterizado pelo crescimento fetal e pelas respostas maternas
às suas crescentes necessidades de nutrientes.Estas incluem um desvio acelerado
da utilização de carbidratos para o de gorduras (padrão de “jejum acelerado”),
facilitado pele resistência periférica à insulina e níveis aumentados de
hormônios com ação lipolítica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Alterações metabólicas na gestante diabética&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As
fases de anabolismo e catabolismo ocorrem também na gestante diabética.No DMG,
a partir da 27&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; semana, ocorre aumentoda passagem de glicose para o
feto, ocorrendo hiperglicemia neste. A hiperglicemia é toxica para o feto, pois
gera excesso de radicais livres.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Na
diabética clínica, tanto a glicemia quanto os ácidos graxos livres, cetonas e
aminoácidos estão aumentados desde o início da gestação e podem levar a
importantes complicações fetais e neonatais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Numa
gestação normal, a glicemia de jejum apresenta-se progressivamente reduzida
devido ao hiperinsulinismo e à maior transferência de glicose para o feto.No
período pós-alimentar, os níveis glicêmicos são mais elevados graças à
resistência periférica à insulina.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Desta
análise, conclui-se que, na primeira metade da gestação, com frequênciaocorre
redução da dose de insulina, para que se evitem as hipoglicemias, especialmente
de jejum, enquanto na segunda metade há necessidade do seu incremento em função
da elevação dos hormônios contra-insulares.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglilhwhSjmNkM86ZS4bdoVb35lprh33QKKVL-nFD4WdAzqyyP9YLIsWgtkekzJ3MiZks9dPhdujfE4RuD1YeKtdAdoSE_MzGa2hDzWuaTcjD7vH48WvRVvMGLK4jRacEaLsrEx0qwwykDi/s1600/med.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;235&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglilhwhSjmNkM86ZS4bdoVb35lprh33QKKVL-nFD4WdAzqyyP9YLIsWgtkekzJ3MiZks9dPhdujfE4RuD1YeKtdAdoSE_MzGa2hDzWuaTcjD7vH48WvRVvMGLK4jRacEaLsrEx0qwwykDi/s640/med.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Repercussões Perinatais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Macrossomia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ocorre
em 20% a 41% das gestantes diabéticas e parece decorrer do hiperinsulinismo
fetal.A insulina estimula a síntese de glicogênio, gorduras e proteínas devido
à sua ação anabólica e à presença de grandes quantidades de glicose.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O
resultado é a macrossomia e a organomegalia fetais.Aminoácidos, ácidos graxos
livres e alguns peptídeos maternos também participam do processo.O IMC materno
e o ganho de peso durante a gestação também influenciam a macrossomia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os
fetos macrossômicos apresentam maior incidência de distócia de ombro devido a
um crescimento assimétrico (circunferência torácica maior que a craniana).A
distócia pode levar à paralisia de Erb (paralisia do plexo braquial), fratura
de clavícula, sofrimento fetal, baixo índice de Apgar e anóxia perinatal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
macrossomia geralmente não ocorre nas gravidas portadoras de diabetes mellitus
tipo 1, pois nestas existe, na maioria das vezes, vasculopatias que geraram
insuficiência placentária e consequentemente CIUR.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Outra
consequência que pode ocorrer é compressão do cordão umbilical durante o parto
normal gerando anóxia perinatal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;OBS:
feto diabético geralmente apresenta aumento de área cardíaca.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Hipoglicemia
fetal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ocorre
em 24% a 50% dos nascituros de mães diabéticas.Tem sido atribuída à
hiperinsulinemia fetal que diminui a produção de glicose e causa menor
possibilidade de utilização de glicogênio nas primeiras horas de vida.O mau
controle glicêmico durante a gravidez, trabalho de parto e parto influenciam o
grau de hipoglicemia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Policitemia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É
definida como hematócrito venoso maior que 65%.Incide em aproximadamente 35%
dos recém-natos de gestantes diabéticas. Resulta do aumento da eritropoietina
induzida pela hipóxia fetal crônica. É frequente a associação de
hiperbilirrubinemia, acredita-se devido a imaturidade hepatica. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Sindrome do desconforto respiratório&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tem
incidência de 3,6%.A hiperglicemia e o hiperinsulinismo fetais são os fatores
responsáveis pelo retardo na maturação pulmonar.Acredita-se na competição entre
insulina e cortisol em receptores pulmonares. Isto dificulta a produção de
vários fosfolípides, em especial o fosfatidilglicerol (surfactante).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Hipocalcemia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É definida como níveis séricos de cálcio total
&amp;lt;7mg/dl ou de cálcio ionizado &amp;lt;3mg/dl. Incidência de 50% das gravidas. Parece
decorrer da deficiente secreção do hormônio paratireoidiano durante os
primeiros 4 dias de vida. Isto decorre de hipomagnesia neonatal secundaria a
perda urinaria materna do magnésio em função da hiperglicemia e consequente
poliúria.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Anomalias fetais&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Constituem
a causa mais importante de mortalidade perinatal dos nascituros de mães
diabéticas.Incidência de 6% a 13%.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As
principais alterações são: defeitos do septo ventricular, transposição de
grandes vasos, persistência do canal arterial, anormalidades da regressão
caudal (defeito no fechamento da coluna), anomalias renais e do SNC.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O
controle glicêmico antes da concepção e durante a organogênese reduz a
incidência de anomalias e dos abortamentos. Assinala-se a importância da hipo e
hiperglicemia, radicais livres, inibidores de somatomedina, deficiência de
acido aracdônico e do mioinositol para o desenvolvimento destas anomalias.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O
efeito negativo da hiperglicemia sobre a organogênese se deve a produção de
radicais livres e a menor ação de genes que são responsáveis pela produção de
acido aracdônico, causando defeitos no tubo neural. Os principais defeitos são
cardíacos, de fechamento do tubo neural e síndrome de regressão caudal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Nas
primeiras 14 semanas o controle glicêmico deve ser rigoroso, pois é a fase da
organogênese.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Prematuridade&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pode
ocorrer em até 36% das gestantes diabéticas.HAS, acidose metabólica, rotura
prematura de membranas, infecções e pré-eclâmpsia podem contribuir.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O
adequado controle glicêmico e o tratamento das infecções favorecem prognóstico
próximo ao das gestantes normais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mortalidade
perinatal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Com o
melhor controle do diabetes antes e durante a gravidez e dos intensivos
cuidados obstétricos e perinatais, a incidência tem sido de 2% a 4%.Dos óbitos,
30% a 40% são devido às anomalias fetais; 30% decorrentes da prematuridade e
20% a 30% por anóxiaintra-uterina.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;São
fatores que podem geram hipóxia fetal: hiperglicemia, ↑HbA1c, edema das
vilosidades coriais e ↓do fluxo sanguíneo&amp;nbsp;
nas artérias deciduais. A teoria mais aceita é a da hiperglicemia e
hiperinsulinemia. Estas levariam a hipóxia fetal, gerando policitemia que
facilitariam a formação de trombos gerando os óbitos fetais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Repercussões maternas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pré-eclâmpsia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Há
suspeitas de que a resistência à insulina e a intolerância aos carboidratos
podem preceder o início da hipertensão.A hiperglicemia e a diminuição da tolerância
a glicose podem contribuir para a disfunção do endotélio. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Polidrâmnio&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Incide
em 18% das gestantes diabéticas.Pode estar relacionado com o aumento da diurese
osmótica fetal graças aos efeitos da insulina sobre o balanço do sódio. O
aumento das anomalias do SNC e do TGI também podem ser causas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Bacteriúria assintomática e pielonefrite&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As
alterações que ocorrem no trato urinário durante a gravidez normal, associadas
à glicosúria da grávida diabética e à predisposição maior para infeções
facilitam a pielonefrite.A infeção urinária é acompanhada de 40% de perda
fetal, devendo ser evitada através do tratamento precoce. Outro fator que
predispõe a essas infecção é o maior tamanho uterino que comprime mais as vias
urinárias causando maior estase. Constitui o sinal de maud prognóstico de
Pedersen.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mortalidade materna&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Na
última década, o índice de mortalidade materna nas gestantes diabéticas foi de
0,5%.A maioria desses óbitos resultou de nefropatias, coronariopatias e doenças
vasculares. A mortalidade reduziu depois da era insulínica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Rastreamento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O teste
mais preconizado para o rastreamento do DMG é o de O’Sullivam e cols. Consiste
na ingestão de 75g de glicose, em qualquer momento do dia, seguido da
determinação da glicemia plasmática uma hora após.O limite de referência do
teste é de 140 mg/dl. Valores acima deste exigem confirmação diagnóstica
através do TOTG.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O teste
deve ser realizado entre 24 e 28 semanas em gestantes que preencham um ou mais
dos seguintes critérios:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 126.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Idade maior de 25 anos;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 126.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;HF de diabetes em parentes de 1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; grau;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 126.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;IMC&amp;gt;25kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; antes da concepção;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 126.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pertencer a grupos étnicos/raciais de elevada
prevalência de diabetes (hispânicos-americanos, índios americanos, asiático
americanos, afro-americanos ou das Ilhas do Pacífico).&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Como
a população brasileira preenche o critério racial, indica-se o rastreamento universal
para todas as gestantes.&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
Associação Americana de Diabetes (ADA) propõe que níveis de glicemia de jejum
&amp;gt;126mg/dl ou glicemia plasmática obtida em momentos aleatórios do dia
&amp;gt;200mg/dl, quando confirmados no dia seguinte, dispensam a realização desse
rastreamento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Diagnóstico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O
rastreamento do DMG é realizado em todas as gestantes, na primeira consulta
pré-natal, através da glicemia de jejum e do teste de 75g de glicose. O
diagnóstico é confirmadoatravés do TOTG, com ingestão de 100g de dextrosol.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os
valores estabelecidos foram os apresentados na tabela abaixo:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_2&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot;
 type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:229.5pt;height:172.5pt;visibility:visible;
 mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\David\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png&quot;
  o:title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMoTtuLAPbkgDF1pCbr_LCosFHZRazHbmqhH9xi6oDteDmgR6BZd6WyZsxp-BalQm790VbmlrbT0WPkxAnCim7949WL2JrK4e1HUD7kuMLjDiHr-MHy2ABs020QJdq7WNIeytpZEpZ3tGN/s1600/medi.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMoTtuLAPbkgDF1pCbr_LCosFHZRazHbmqhH9xi6oDteDmgR6BZd6WyZsxp-BalQm790VbmlrbT0WPkxAnCim7949WL2JrK4e1HUD7kuMLjDiHr-MHy2ABs020QJdq7WNIeytpZEpZ3tGN/s1600/medi.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O teste
é considerado alterado se dois ou mais destes valores apresentarem-se iguais ou
acima dos estabelecidos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Glicemia
maior que 140mg/dl após 2hs de dextrosol faz diagnóstico de DG em 85% dos
casos. Nesse caso, deve-se realizar o TOTG para confirmar. Dosar a glicose em
jejum que deve ser até 95mg/dl, 1h pós dextrosol, que deve ser ate 180mg/dl, 2
hs pós dextrosol que deve ser até 155mg/dl e 3hs pós dextrosol que deve ser até
140mg/dl.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Acompanhamento da gestante diabética&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Cuidados pré-concepcionais&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
diabética tipo 1 ou 2 que pretende engravidar deve:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dar atenção à dieta, ao controle glicêmico, ao
regime insulínico e à atividade física.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ser pesquida quanto à presença de nefropatia e
retinopatia;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ser informada de que a presença de coronariopatia,
retinopatia proliferativa e insuficiência renal são contra-indicações para a
concepção. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A retinopatia tende a se agravar na gravidez , provavelmente devido ao
aumento do fluxo sanguíneo retiniano da presença de fatores de crescimento
associados a própria gestação.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Assistência
pré-natal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O pré-natal deve ser iniciado o
mais precocemente possível. Na 1&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; consulta, além da rotina habitual,
deve-se investigar:O tipo de diabetes, idade de aparecimento, duração da
doença, complicações agudas e crônicas, tratamentos realizados. Realizar análise
da função renal (uréia, creatinina, ác. úrico, proteinúria de 24h, Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,
K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, clearance de creatinina), ECG, exame de fundo de olho.
Determinar o perfil glicêmico (jejum e 2h pós prandiais), HbA1c e análise da
função tireoidiana.US deve ser feito para confirmar a idade gestacional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As consultas subsequentes serão realizadas quinzenal ou semanalmente, de
acordo com o perfil glicêmico, complicações clínicas e/ou obstétricas ou
alterações nos exames laboratoriais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;No 1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; trimestre, a meta é manter adequado controle glicêmico
visando reduzir malformações fetais e abortamentos.No 2&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; trimestre,
solicita-se a US morfológica fetal para detecção de anomalias congênitas. A
ecocardiografia fetal está indicada entre 18 e 22 semanas e no 3&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;
trimestre.No 3&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; trimestre, deve-se realizar ecografia de forma
seriada para acompanhamento do crescimento fetal e avaliação do líquido
amniótico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É necessária atenta vigilância devido ao risco de pré-eclâmpsia,
polidrâmnio, trabalho de parto pré-termo, macrossomia, insuficiência
placentária e óbito intra-útero.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Assim, além do controle do diabetes é indispensável os testes de
vitalidade fetal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Acompanhamento clínico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É
necessárioacompanhamento da gestante por equipemultidisciplinar para
observaçãorigorosa da dieta, da insulinoterapia, dos exercíciosfísicos e do
controle da glicemia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Dieta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
quantidade total de calorias deve ser proporcionada por 40 a 50% de carboidratos,
25% de proteínas e 30% de gordura. Deve-se dar preferência a carboidratos
complexos ricos em fibras.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O cálculo
do valor calórico total é baseia-se no indíce de massa corporal
pré-gestacional: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;30 Kcal/Kg para gestantes eutróficas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;25 Kcal/Kg para as obesas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;35 a 40 Kcal/Kg para aquelas com peso abaixo do
ideal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os
alimentos devem ser divididos em 6 refeições diárias. Importante incluir
carboidratos complexos e proteínas no lanche noturno para previnir a
hipoglicemia da madrugada e a cetose do jejum. Em pacientes obesas não se
recomenda a perda de peso pleo risco de cetonemia, pela grande quebra de
lipideos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Insulinoterapia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
insulina tem sido o único medicamento disponível para terapia do DM na
gravidez.Todos os tipos de insulina podem ser utilizados, já que nenhum
ultrapassa a placenta. A menos imunogênica, no entanto, é a insulina humana
monocompetente. Os esquemas propostos se baseiam no peso corporal e na idade
gestacional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Doses:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0,7U/Kg/dia
no 1&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; trimestre;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0,8U/Kg/dia
no 2&lt;sup&gt;o &lt;/sup&gt;trimestre;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0,9 a
1,0 U/Kg/dia no 3&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; trimestre.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
insulinoterapia é instituída quando a terapêutica medica nutricional e os
exercícios físicos não conseguem manter os níveis de glicemia em jejum &amp;lt; 95
mg/dl ou de duas horas pós-prandial &amp;lt; 120 mg/dl.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercício físico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
atividade física aumenta o consumo de glicose pelos eritrócitos e fibras
musculares, mas libera substâncias vasoativas, sendo contra-indicada nas
grávidas diabéticas hipertensas ou portadoras de doenças macro ou
microvasculares.Nas gestantes sem contra-indicações, o exercício pode ser
recomendado por aumentar o consumo periférico de glicose e diminuir a
resistência à insulina.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Faz
parte do tratamento e utiliza exercícios propostos para a gravidez normal.
Deve-se ter o cuidado para que a FC não exceda 70% da FC ajustada para a idade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Metas do controle glicêmico&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Durante
a gestação, até que ocorra o ajuste das doses de insulina, o controle é
realizado diariamente através da glicemia de jejum e 2h pós prandiais.Na DMG, a
automonitorização da glicemia capilar em domicílio deve ser feita 4 vezes por
dia&amp;nbsp; (jejum e 2h após as refeições).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Nas
diabéticas pré-gestacionais, a automonitorização deve ser feita de 5 a 7 vezes
ao dia (jejum, antes e após almoço e jantar e, eventualmente, às 3h da manhã).
O objetivo é manter a glicemia de jejum &amp;lt;95mg/dl e a pós-prandial
&amp;lt;120mg/dl durante toda a gestação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As
dosagens de hemoglobina glicosilada e frutosamina são indicadas para avaliar o
controle metabólico, devendo ser realizadas a cada 2 meses e a cada 21 dias
respectivamente. Além destes, a cetonúria deve ser avaliada diariamente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Critérios de internação&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;As
gestantes diabéticas podem ser internadas para melhor avaliação nas seguintes
situações:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pré-eclâmpsia;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Polidrâmnio;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Oligoidrâmnio;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pielonefrite;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dificuldade de controle dos níveis glicêmicos;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Cetoacidose;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Alterações da função renal;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Retinopatia;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Restrição do crescimento fetal;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hipertensão arterial;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Comprometimento da vitalidade fetal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conduta na hipoglicemia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A
hipoglicemia caracteriza-se por glicemia &amp;lt;50mg/dl com presença de sintomas
como sudorese, tremores, taquicardia, tonturas e hipotensão.O tratamento é
feito com ingestão de 15g de carboidratos sob a forma de suco de frutas, leite,
açúcar ou mel.Após 15 minutos, reavaliam-se os níveis de glicemia e
administra-se mais 15g de carboidratos caso o valor encontrado seja
&amp;lt;60mg/dl. Pode ser gerada por doses elevadas de insulina e ocorre
principalmente no primeiro trimestre.Nas pacientes com confusão mental ou
inconscientes, administram-se 20 ml de glicose a 50% EV ou uma ampola de
glucagon IM.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conduta na hiperglicemia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Deve-se
modificar a dose e/ou distribuição da insulina. As razões para a ocorrência de
hiperglicemia de jejum são a diminuição da ação de insulina, o fenômeno do
despertar e o de Somogiji (hiperglicemia de rebote).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cetoacidose diabética&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;É umas
das complicações mais graves da hiperglicemia levando a óbito fetal em 90% dos
casos. O tratamento objetiva a correção do déficit de volume, do desequilíbrio
hidroeletrolítico, da hiperglicemia e de infecções, se presentes.Inclui
reposição hídrica, insulinoterapia e, em casos mais graves, uso de bicarbonato.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Avaliação da vitalidade fetal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; text-indent: 18pt;&quot;&gt;É feita
pelo mobilograma (contagem dos movimentos fetais, a partir de 28 semanas),
cardiotografia (a partir de 32 semanas), perfil biofísico fetal (a partir de 28
semanas) e dopplervelocimetria (a partir de 26 semans). A maturidade fetal pode
ser avaliada em fetos com menos de 38 semanas de gestação através de
aminocentese.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Critérios e métodos para interrupção da gravidez&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;O
objetivo do controle intensivo da grávida diabética é o parto a termo, para que
o recém-nascido apresente morbimortalidade equivalente ao de uma gestação
normal.A presença de complicações maternas e/ou fetais ou má história obstétrica
impõem a interrupção gestacional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Via de
parto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Nos
casos bem controlados, sem complicações maternas e/ou fetais, o parto pode ser
por via vaginal (espontâneo ou induzido).Na presença de complicações, está
indicado o parto cesáreo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Conduta
pós-parto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Após o
parto, há aumento da sensibilidade à insulina em todos os tipos de diabetes,
requerendo ajuste ou até suspensão das suas doses de acordo com os níveis
glicêmicos realizados 1, 2, 4 e 6h após o parto.As mulheres com DMG que
utilizaram insulina durante toda a gravidez devem interromper seu usoaté nova
avaliação com 6 semanas de puerpério.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/feeds/1846815266577682626/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/09/diabetes-gestacional.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/1846815266577682626'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9190296058985814683/posts/default/1846815266577682626'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://medissante.blogspot.com/2013/09/diabetes-gestacional.html' title='Diabetes Gestacional'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01878394040861583266</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglilhwhSjmNkM86ZS4bdoVb35lprh33QKKVL-nFD4WdAzqyyP9YLIsWgtkekzJ3MiZks9dPhdujfE4RuD1YeKtdAdoSE_MzGa2hDzWuaTcjD7vH48WvRVvMGLK4jRacEaLsrEx0qwwykDi/s72-c/med.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>