Metafora Mindaqu.. Menerjah Sempadan Imiginasi

JDM Flare

2012-01-04T22:56:00.001+08:00

Pagi tadi Azizhan Gallore Buceros PS dalam FB Gerakan K-Car Sarawak keluarkan soalan ni:

Jawapannya adalah FLARE!

Mengikut peraturan trafik di Jepun, setiap kenderaan keluaran Jepun a.k.a JDM (Japan Domestic Market) mestilah dilengkapi dengan "emergency flare". Ianya akan mengeluarkan bunga api setelah diaktifkan.

Ianya akan digunakan ketika kemalangan ataupun bila kereta rosak di tepi jalan. Ianya akan diletakkan di atas permukaan jalan beberapa meter dari kenderaan anda. Boleh menyala dalam sejam dan dapat memberikan amaran jelas kepada pengguna jalan raya lain.

Sumber post from Toyota BJ44.

New Intake 2012

2012-01-03T17:17:00.006+08:00

Alhamdulillah. Intake baru untuk GIATMARA dah bermula. Too much to be told that this is a whole new breath untuk aku sebagai pendidik.

2012. Mungkin ada anjakan kerjaya untuk aku ataupun masih kekal seperti seadanya. Namun begitu, cabaran yang pasti adalah untuk membalas kepercayaan seluruh ibu bapa pelatih yang baru mendaftar bahawasanya keputusan mereka untuk mendalami ilmu di sini adalah yang terbaik.

Well, aku perlu jihad kecil dalam perjuangan kali ini. Membuang rasa ego, menepis sikap prejudis dan dalam masa yang sama berusaha mencari formula terbaik untuk menjadikan pembelajaran lebih baik. Tak guna jadi syok sendiri, pelatih minat gila tapi akhirnya mereka keluar dengan tin kosong. Aku cuba menghindarkan sifat populis dalam diri dan menjadi lebih matang. Matang dalam segala aspek. Yelah, umur dah nak jangkau 30 dah tahun ni.

Terlalu banyak yang harus aku simpan tapi aku yakin, dengan bersifat dan berfikiran positif, aku akan lebih bersedia menghadapi segala rintangan baru yang mungkin selama ini belum tersingkap dalam helaian catatan sejah l0h-mahfuz. Mungkin belum sampai INTERMISSION macam dalam cerita hindustan. Tapi harapan aku kali ini adalah penerimaan positif dari seluruh pelatih GIATMARA.

URGENSI diperlukan dalam masa ini. Aku tuntut pelatih aku jadi lebih aktif, lebih suka bertanya dan tidak pasif!

Kalau cikgu-cikgu GIATMARA di Malaysia pun boleh ada keinginan
untuk tahu yang tinggi, kenapa tidak pelatih?

Singkap punya singkap, aku mulakan perjalanan hari pertama kerjaya aku tanpa sebuah kereta dan lambakan kerja yang pastinya takkan pernah habis.

"memulakan hari pertama bekerja ini dengan senyuman di bibir..." - My FB status yang sebenarnya adalah motivasi diri mengurangkan bermasam muka dan membuang sifat tergesa-gesa.

Go Azha, It's a time for you to show who you are... Be strong coz they'll be more challenge upwards!

Sticker P

2012-01-02T10:14:00.005+08:00

Salam tahun baru! Tiada apa yang baru melainkan perubahan tahun dan tarikh sahaja. Setiap hari dan masa akan kehadapan, tiada dapat diundurkan.

Fenomena sticker P ni bermula sejak late 90's. Sign yang perlu ditampal oleh "freshie" di jalan raya. 2 tahun tempoh "PERCUBAAN". Namun bila difikirkan, banyak kes saman akibat gagal melekat sticker P ni. Ini tidak lain tidak bukan kerana sticker P berlatar merah ini langsung tidak menarik!

Ianya seakan berpaksikan kepada sistem British. Huruf P besar untuk Percubaan. Huruf L besar untuk Latihan / Learn. Setelah selesai 2 tahun tempoh percubaan, barulah sticker P ini akan diturunkan. Pemandu akan mendapat C.D.L. (Competent Drivers' License).

Sticker P ni kalau diikutkan undang-undangnya, dilekatkan pada penjuru bawah kiri di hadapan dan pada penjuru atas kiri di belakang. Namun kalau difirkan, alangkah baiknya kalau sticker P ini dirombak semula dan digantikan dengan logo yang lebih unik dan menarik.

Sticker P Malaysia

Sebagai contoh, "Wakaba", lambang untuk pemandu muda dan baru. Ianya adalah "sticker P" jepun. Tampak menarik dan simple.

Sticker P Jepun

Masa aku driving dulu, ramai yang istilahkan P ni dengan nama yang pelik... Paloi, Pelik, Pondan dan seumpamanya.

Cuba kita bayangkan kalau sticker P ni kita ubah kepada sesuatu yang lebih menarik. Rasanya mungkin ramai yang tak kisah tampal sticker macam ni.

Tukar dengan logo P dengan logo ni amacam?

Logo Baru GKCS.

2011-12-30T00:01:00.004+08:00

Logo Asal Gerakan K-Car Sarawak

Sebelum ini, logo rasmi GKCS digunapakai secara tidak rasmi. Atas dasar mendapat pandangan majoriti ahli, pelbagai cadangan logo telah diterima dari komuniti Facebook dan undian telah dibuat.

Berikut merupakan cadangan logo yang telah diterima.

Hasil undian berakhir 29 Disember adalah seperti berikut:

Justeru keputusan undian akhir menunjukkan Logo 01 telah mendapat undian tertinggi dan akan digunapakai sebagai logo rasmi GKCS.

Sekalung ucapan terima kasih kepada semua atas sumbangan idea dan logo. Pandangan dan kerjasama kalian amatlah kami perlukan untuk event mendatang.

Final 2

2011-12-19T23:25:00.001+08:00

1 What are three features of CDP? (Choose three.)

tests Layer 2 connectivity
provides a layer of security
operates a OSI layers 2 and 3
enabled by default on each interface
used for debugging Layer 4 connectivity issues
provides information on directly connected devices that have CDP enabled

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1, Option 4, and Option 6 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 3

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.3.3 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

2 What are two functions of a router? (Choose two.)

It connects multiple IP networks.
It controls the flow of data via the use of Layer 2 addresses.
It determines the best path to send packets.
It manages the VLAN database.
It increases the size of the broadcast domain.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 3 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.1.1 Role of the Router

3 Which router component is used to store the routing table?

Flash
NVRAM
ROM
SDRAM

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.2 Router CPU and Memory

4 Which three statements are true regarding the encapsulation and de-encapsulation of packets when traveling through a router? (Choose three.)

The router modifies the TTL field, decrementing it by one.
The router changes the source IP to the IP of the exit interface.
The router maintains the same source and destination IP.
The router changes the source physical address to the physical address of the exit interface.
The router changes the destination IP to the IP of the exit interface.
The router sends the packet out all other interfaces, besides the one it entered the router on.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1, Option 3, and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 3

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.4.5 Switching Function

5

Refer to the exhibit. Which two routes are child routes? (Choose two.)

10.0.0.0
10.1.2.0
10.2.2.0
192.168.1.0
192.168.2.0

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 2 and Option 3 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
8.2.1 Steps in the Route Lookup Process

6

Refer to the exhibit. Routers R1 and R3 use different routing protocols with default administrative distance values. All devices are properly configured and the destination network is advertised by both protocols.

Which path will be used to transmit the data packets between PC1 and PC2?

The packets will travel via R2-R1.
The packets will travel via R2-R3.
The traffic will be load-balanced between two paths — via R2-R1 and via R2-R3.
The packets will travel via R2-R3, and the other path via R2-R1 will be retained as the backup path.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.3 Load Balancing

7

Refer to the exhibit. All routes are advertised and fully operational on all routers. Which statement is true about the path that the data will take from router A to router B?

If EIGRP is used with default configurations, the data will be equally distributed between two paths — A, D, B and A, C, B.
If RIPv1 is used with default configurations, the data will be load-balanced on all paths.
If EIGRP and OSPF are both used with default configurations, the data will be sent through paths learned by the OSPF protocol.
If RIPv2 is used with default configurations, the data will be equally distributed between two paths — A, D, B and A, C, D.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.4.2 Best Path and Metric

8

Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator issues the command no ip classless on Router1. What forwarding action will take place on a packet that is received by Router1 and is destined for host 192.168.0.26?

The packet will be dropped.
The packet will be forwarded to the gateway of last resort.
The packet will match the 192.168.0.0 network and be forwarded out Serial 0/0.
The packet will most closely match the 192.168.0.8 subnet and be forwarded out Serial 0/1.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
8.3.3 Classful Routing Behavior - Search Process

9 Which two statements are true regarding link-state routing protocols? (Choose two.)

They are aware of the complete network topology.
They offer rapid convergence times in large networks.
They do not include subnet masks in their routing updates.
They rely on decreasing hop counts to determine the best path.
They do not work well in networks that require special hierarchical designs.
They pass their entire routing tables to their directly connected neighbors only.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 2 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.2.3 Distance Vector and Link State

10

Refer to the routing table shown in the exhibit. What is the meaning of the highlighted value 192?

It is the value assigned by the Dijkstra algorithm that designates the number of hops in the network.
It is the value used by the DUAL algorithm to determine the bandwidth for the link.
It is the metric, which is cost.
It is the administrative distance.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.5.1 Identifying Elements of the Routing Table

11

Refer to the exhibit. R1 knows two routes, Path A and Path B, to the Ethernet network attached to R3. R1 learned Path A to network 10.2.0.0/16 from a static route and Path B to network 10.2.0.0/16 from EIGRP. Which route will R1 install in its routing table?

Both routes are installed and load balancing occurs across both paths.
The route via Path B is installed because the EIGRP route has the best metric to network 10.2.0.0/16.
The route via Path A is installed because the static route has the best metric to network 10.2.0.0/16.
The route via Path B is installed because the EIGRP route has the lowest administrative distance to network 10.2.0.0/16.
The route via Path A is installed because the static route has the lowest administrative distance to network 10.2.0.0/16.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 5
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.4.2 Dynamic Routing Protocols

12

Refer to the exhibit. RIPv1 has been used as a routing protocol on the network. A new 172.16.2.0/24 network has been added on router R2 and configured under the RIP routing process. When will R1 converge?

after 13 seconds
after 30 seconds
after 180 seconds
after R1 receives triggered updates from R2

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.3.3 Triggered Updates

13 Which routing protocol maintains a topology table separate from the routing table?

IGRP
RIPv1
RIPv2
EIGRP

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.1.1 EIGRP: An Enhanced Distance Vector Routing Protocol

14 A network administrator needs to configure a single router to load-balance the traffic over unequal cost paths. Which routing protocol should the administrator use?

EIGRP
OSPF
RIPv1
RIPv2

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.3 Load Balancing

15

Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements are true of the routing table for Router1? (Choose three.)

The route to network 172.16.0.0 has an AD of 156160.
Network 192.168.0.16 can best be reached using FastEthernet0/0.
The AD of EIGRP routes has been manually changed to a value other than the default value.
Router1 is running both the EIGRP and OSPF routing process.
Network 172.17.0.0 can only be reached using a default route.
No default route has been configured.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 3, Option 4, and Option 6 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 3

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
8.1.2 Routing Table Entries

16 A network technician must reduce the amount of broadcast traffic on the network while maintaining full connectivity between all different network segments. Which device should the administrator deploy?

hub
router
Layer 2 switch
multiport repeater

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.5 Router Interfaces

17 Which prompt is used to allow a user to change the IP address of an interface on a router?

Router>
Router#
Router(config)#
Router(config-if)#

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

18

Refer to the exhibit. Based on the partial output in the exhibit, why can users establish a console connection to this router without entering a password?

The login command was not entered on the console line.
The enable password should be an enable secret password.
No username and password combination has been configured.
Console connections cannot be configured to require users to provide passwords.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

19

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is attempting to configure a router by copying and pasting the commands that are shown in the exhibit. However, only one of the FastEthernet interfaces is coming up. What is the problem?

Both interfaces are in the same IP subnet.
FastEthernet0/1 does not have a description.
There can be only one FastEthernet interface enabled on a router at one time.
The administrator did not exit to global configuration mode before configuring FastEthernet0/1.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

20

Refer to the exhibit. All router interfaces are configured with an IP address and are operational. If no routing protocols or static routes are configured, what information will be included in the show ip route command output for router A?

All of the 192.168.x.0 networks will be in the routing table.
Routes to networks 192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.2.0/24, and 192.168.3.0/24 will be in the routing table.
The routing table will be empty because routes and dynamic routes have not been configured.
A default route is automatically installed in the routing table to allow connectivity between the networks.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

21

Refer to the exhibit. The network has three connected routers: R1, R2 and R3. The routes of all three routers are displayed. What can be verified from the output?

R1 and R3 are connected to each other via the S0/0/0 interface.
The IP address of the S0/0/0 interface of R1 is 10.1.1.2.
The IP address of the S0/0/1 interface of R2 is 10.3.3.2.
R2 is connected to the S0/0/1 interface of R3.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.1 Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface

22

Refer to the exhibit. The show cdp neighbors command was run at R1. Which two facts about the newly detected device can be determined from the output? (Choose two.)

ABCD is a router that is connected to R1.
ABCD is a non-CISCO device that is connected to R1.
The device is connected at the Serial0/0/1 interface of R1.
R1 is connected at the S0/0/1 interface of device ABCD.
ABCD does not support switching capability.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 3 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.3.3 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

23

Refer to the exhibit. Which router is advertising subnet 172.16.1.32/28?

Router1
Router2
Router3
Router4

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
5.3.1 Verifying RIP: show ip route

24

Refer to the exhibit. The command ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0/0 is run on router R2. What are the two results of this command? (Choose two.)

A static route will be updated in the routing table.
The traffic from the Internet will be directed to R2.
The traffic from the source network 172.16.0.0/22 will be blocked.
The route will be specified as the default route for all networks not defined in the routing table.
All the broadcasts will be forwarded via the S0/0/0 interface of R2.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.7.3 Solving the Missing Route

25

Refer to the exhibit. A static route was configured on router R1 to forward packets to the remote networks. During a network upgrade, the network administrator configured RIPv2 on all routers in the network. What will router R1 do with a packet that is sourced from PC1 and destined for PC3?

The packet will be forwarded out the Serial0/0/0 interface via the static route.
The packet will be forwarded out the FastEthernet0/1 interface via the static route.
The packet will be forwarded out the Serial0/0/0 interface via the route that is learned through RIP.
The packet will be forwarded out the FastEthernet0/1 interface via the route that is learned through RIP.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.4.4 Resolving to an Exit Interface

26

Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running the same routing protocol. Based on the exhibit and its displayed commands, which statement is true?

The wildcard mask is incorrectly configured.
A default route must be configured on every router.
Routers B, C, and D have no access to the Internet.
The link to the ISP is not advertised by the routing protocol process.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.5.1 Redistributing an OSPF Default Route

27

Refer to the exhibit. A company uses static routing for its internal network. The network administrator at the HR branch decides to modify the static routes by adding two commands ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/0 and ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/0 on the HR router. What is the effect in the running configuration after adding these two commands?

A total of four static routes will appear.
The original two static routes will be replaced by two new static routes.
Only the two original static routes will appear. The two new static routes will be discarded.
The two new static routes will not appear in the configuration, but are kept in the database as backup.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.2 Modifying Static Routes

28

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured R1 as shown, and all interfaces are functioning correctly. A ping from R1 to 172.16.1.1 fails. What could be the cause of this problem?

The serial interface on R1 is configured incorrectly.
The default route is configured incorrectly.
The default-information originate command must be issued on R1.
Autosummarization must be disabled on R1.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.6.2 Default Static Route

29

Refer to the exhibit. The network has three connected routers: R1, R2, and R3. The routes of all three routers are displayed. All routers are operational and pings are not blocked on this network.

Which ping will fail?

from R1 to 172.16.1.1
from R1 to 192.168.3.1
from R2 to 192.168.1.1
from R2 to 192.168.3.1

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.1 Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface

30 Which range of IP addresses will be used by RIPv2, EIGRP, and OSPF routing protocols to send routing advertisements?

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.1.1 Classful IP Addressing

31 A network administrator must use the subnet 172.16.128.0/18 to create 6 additional subnets each containing up to 2000 hosts for local LANs. Which subnet mask should the administrator use to create the new subnets?

255.255.224.0
255.255.240.0
255.255.248.0
255.255.252.0

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.2.2 VLSM and IP Addresses

32

Refer to the exhibit. What summary address can Router2 advertise to Router1 to reach the three networks on Routers 3, 4, and 5 without advertising any public address space or overlapping the networks on Router1?

172.16.0.0/8
172.16.0.0/10
172.16.0.0/13
172.16.0.0/20
172.16.0.0/24

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.3.1 Route Summarization

33

The network shown in the diagram is having problems routing traffic. It is suspected that the problem is with the addressing scheme. What is the problem with the addressing used in the topology?

The address assigned to the Ethernet0 interface of Router1 is a broadcast address for that subnetwork.
The subnetwork configured on the serial link between Router1 and Router2 overlaps with the subnetwork assigned to Ethernet0 of Router3.
The subnetwork assigned to the Serial0 interface of Router1 is on a different subnetwork from the address for Serial0 of Router2.
The subnetwork assigned to Ethernet0 of Router2 overlaps with the subnetwork assigned to Ethernet0 of Router3.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.4.3 Troubleshooting a VLSM Addressing Design Activity

34

Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator is planning IP addressing of a new network. What part of this addressing scheme must be changed to allow communication between host A and the server?

the IP address of the server
the default gateway of host A
the IP address of host A
the default gateway of the server

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.1 Implementing Basic Addressing Schemes

35

Refer to the exhibit. The network is running the RIP routing protocol. Network 10.0.0.0 goes down. Which statement is true regarding how the routers in this topology will respond to this event?

Router5 flushes the unreachable route from its routing table in 30 seconds.
Router4 will learn about the failed route 30 seconds later in the next periodic update.
Router5 will send Router4 a triggered update with a metric of 16 for network 10.0.0.0.
Split horizon will prevent Router4 from fowarding packets to the 10.0.0.0 network until the holddown timer expires.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.4.6 Split Horizon with Poison Reverse or Route Poisoning

36 How does route poisoning prevent routing loops?

New routing updates are ignored until the network has converged.
Failed routes are advertised with a metric of infinity.
A route is marked as unavailable when its Time to Live is exceeded.
The unreachable route is cleared from the routing table after the invalid timer expires.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.4.6 Split Horizon with Poison Reverse or Route Poisoning

37

A network administrator has enabled RIP on routers B and C in the network diagram. Which of the following commands will prevent RIP updates from being sent to Router A?

A(config)# router rip
A(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0

B(config)# router rip
B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.48
B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.64

A(config)# router rip
A(config-router)# no network 192.168.25.32

B(config)# router rip
B(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0

A(config)# no router rip

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
5.3.4 Passive Interfaces

38

Refer to the exhibit. What information can be determined from the highlighted output?

R1 is originating the route 172.30.200.32/28.
Automatic summarization is disabled.
The 172.30.200.16/28 network is one hop away from R1.
A classful routing protocol is being used.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
7.2.4 Verifying RIPv2 Updates

39

Refer to the exhibit. All routers are configured with RIPv2 active on all interfaces. Automatic summarization is in effect. Why does the routing table on R3 include the 209.165.200.228/30 network but not the 172.30.1.0/24 and 172.30.2.0/24 networks?

CIDR is required to route supernets.
There is no default gateway configured.
The 172.30.0.0/16 subnets are discontiguous.
RIPv2 cannot route networks with variable subnets.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
7.2.2 Auto-summary and RIPv2
7.4.2 Common RIPv2 issues

40 Which statement correctly describes a feasible successor in EIGRP?

It is a primary route that is stored in the routing table.
It is a backup route that is stored in the routing table.
It is a primary route that is stored in the topology table.
It is a backup route that is stored in the topology table.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.4.4 Topology Table: Successor and Feasible Successor

41 Which multicast address does EIGRP use to send hello and updates packets?

224.0.0.5
224.0.0.6
224.0.0.9
224.0.0.10

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.1.4 RTP and EIGRP Packet Types

42

Refer to the exhibit. Which network command will prevent EIGRP on router RA from advertising the Ethernet networks but will allow the advertisement of all networks on the WAN links?

RA(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.0
RA(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.15
RA(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.63
RA(config-router)# network 172.16.1.128 255.255.255.128
RA(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.240

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.2.4 The network Command

43

Refer to the exhibit. Routers R1 and R2 are directly connected via their serial interfaces and are both running the EIGRP routing protocol. R1 and R2 can ping the directly connected serial interface of their neighbor, but they cannot form an EIGRP neighbor adjacency.

What action should be taken to solve this problem?

Enable the serial interfaces of both routers.
Configure EIGRP to send periodic updates.
Configure the same hello interval between the routers.
Configure both routers with the same EIGRP process ID.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.2.2 Autonomous Systems and Process IDs

44

Refer to the exhibit. What happens to a packet that has 172.16.0.0/16 as the best match in the routing table that is shown?

The packet is discarded.
The packet is flooded out all interfaces.
The packet is forwarded via Serial0/0/0.
The packet is forwarded via FastEthernet0/0.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.2.6 Examining the Routing Table

45

Refer to the exhibit. All routers are configured for OSPF area 0. The network administrator requires that R2 always be the DR and maintain adjacency.

Which two configurations can achieve this? (Choose two.)

Change the OSPF area of R2 to a higher value.
Change the router ID for R2 by assigning the IP address 172.16.30.5/24 to
the Fa0/0 interface.
Change the priority values of the Fa0/0 interfaces of R1 and R3 to 0.
Configure a loopback interface on R2, with an IP address higher than any IP
address on the other routers.
Configure R1 and R3 with an IP address whose value is higher than that of R2.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 3 and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.4.2 DR/BDR Election Process

46

Refer to the exhibit. RTB is assigned Priority 10 and all other routers use the default priority setting. How will OSPF select the DR on network 10.10.8.4/30?

The router with the highest priority will become the DR.
The router with the highest IP address will become the BDR.
Network 10.10.8.4/30 does not require a DR.
The router with the highest loopback address will become the DR.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.4.2 DR/BDR Election Process

47 What command would the network administrator apply to a router that is running OSPF to advertise the entire range of addresses included in 172.16.0.0/19 in area 0?

R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.15.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255 area 0

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.3 The network Command

48 What are two tasks that must be completed before two routers can use OSPF to form a neighbor adjacency? (Choose two.)

The routers must elect a designated router.
The routers must agree on the network type.
The routers must use the same dead interval.
The routers must exchange link state requests.
The routers must exchange database description packets.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 2 and Option 3 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.1.4 Hello Protocol

49

Refer to the exhibit. Hosts on the BOS Fa0/0 LAN are able to ping the Fa0/1 interface on the JAX router and all interfaces on the BOS and ORL routers. Why would hosts from the 10.0.0.0/24 network not be able to ping hosts on the Fa0/0 LAN of the JAX router?

The JAX router has the wrong process ID.
The JAX router needs the network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.
The JAX router needs the network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.
The BOS router needs the network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.3 The network Command

50

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is troubleshooting the OSPF network. The 10.10.0.0/16 network is not showing up in the routing table of Router1. What is the probable cause of this problem?

The serial interface on Router2 is down.
The OSPF process is not running on Router2.
The OSPF process is configured incorrectly on Router1.
There is an incorrect wildcard mask statement for network 10.10.0.0/16 on Router2.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.5 Verifying OSPF
11.2.6 Examining the Routing Table

1 What are two functions of a router? (Choose two.)

It forwards data packets toward their destination.
It forwards the packet to the destination if the TTL value is 0.
It changes the destination IP address of data packets before forwarding them to an exit interface.
It determines the best path based on the destination MAC address.
It acts as an intersection between multiple IP networks.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.1.1 Role of the Router

2 Which router component contains a scaled-down version of the IOS that can be used to reload a complete version of the IOS in the event that the IOS becomes damaged or corrupted?

ROM
Flash
SDRAM
NVRAM

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.2 Router CPU and Memory

3 Using default settings, what is the next step in the router boot sequence after the IOS loads from flash?

Perform the POST routine.
Search for a backup IOS in ROM.
Load the bootstrap program from ROM.
Load the running-config file from RAM.
Locate and load the startup-config file from NVRAM.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 5
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.4 Router Boot-up Process

4

Refer to the exhibit. How many routes are ultimate routes?

3
4
5
7

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
8.1.3 Level 1 Routes

5

Refer to the exhibit. Which path will traffic from the 172.16.1.0/24 network take to get to the 10.0.0.0/24 network?

ADC
ABC
It will load balance the traffic between ADC and ABC
It will send the traffic via ABC, and will use ADC as a backup path only when ABC fails.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.3 Load Balancing

6

Refer to the exhibit. Routers R1 and R3 use different routing protocols with default administrative distance values. All devices are properly configured and the destination network is advertised by both protocols.

Which path will be used to transmit the data packets from PC1 to PC2?

The packets will travel via R2-R1.
The packets will travel via R2-R3.
The traffic will be load-balanced between two paths — via R2-R1 and via R2-R3.
The packets will travel via R2-R3, and the other path via R2-R1 will be retained as the backup path.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.3 Load Balancing

7

Refer to the exhibit. The network is configured for OSPF routing with default settings. The bandwidths have been configured correctly for each link. If the T1 link between router A and router E fails, what path will a packet from router A take to reach the LAN attached to router F when the network has converged?

A, B, C, F
A, B, C, E, F
A, D, G, E, F
A, D, G, H, F

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.2 Metrics and Routing Protocols

8 In a lab test environment, a router has learned about network 172.16.1.0 through four different dynamic routing processes. Which route will be used to reach this network?

D 172.16.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:09, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.1.0/24 [110/1012] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:22, Serial0/0/0
R 172.16.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/0
I 172.16.1.0/24 [100/1192] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:09, Serial0/0/0

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
5.5.2 Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1

9 Which two statements are true for link-state routing protocols? (Choose two.)

Routers that run a link-state protocol can establish a complete topology of the network.
Routers in a multipoint network that run a link-state protocol can exchange routing tables.
Routers use only hop count for routing decisions.
The shortest path first algorithm is used.
Split horizon is used to avoid routing loops.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
10.1.1 Link-State Routing Protocols

10

Refer to the exhibit. Which option will provide the configuration that is needed for router R1 to dynamically learn routes to the 192.168.100.16/28, 192.168.100.32/28, and 192.168.100.48/28 subnetworks?

with static routes
with a routed protocol
with a routing protocol
with directly connected routes

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.1.2 Network discovery and routing table maintenance

11

Refer to the exhibit. What is the meaning of the highlighted value 120?

It is the metric that is calculated by the routing protocol.
It is the value that is used by the DUAL algorithm to determine the bandwidth for the link.
It is the administrative distance of the routing protocol.
It is the hold-down time, measured in seconds, before the next update.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
5.3.1 Verifying RIP: show ip route

12 Which statement is true about the metrics used by routing protocols?

A metric is a value used by a particular routing protocol to compare paths to remote networks.
A common metric is used by all routing protocols.
The metric with the highest value is installed in the routing table.
The router may use only one parameter at a time to calculate the metric.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.1 Purpose of a Metric

13 Which routing protocol by default uses bandwidth and delay to calculate the metric of a route?

RIPv1
RIPv2
OSPF
EIGRP

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.2 Metrics and Routing Protocols

14 Which three routing metrics are correctly defined? (Choose three.)

delay - the link speed
reliability - the error rate on a link
load - the amount of traffic on a link
cost - the value to indicate preference for a route
hop count - the path selected with the highest bandwidth
bandwidth - the amount of time it takes a packet to travel a link

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 2, Option 3, and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 3

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.2 Metrics and Routing Protocols

15 Which two statements about routing protocols are accurate? (Choose two.)

OSPF supports VLSM.
RIPv1 supports VLSM.
RIPv2 does not have a hop count limit.
EIGRP supports discontiguous network designs.
RIPv2 does not support discontiguous network designs.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.2.4 Classful and Classless

16

Refer to the exhibit. A device is required to complete the connection between router R1 and the WAN. Which two devices can be used for this? (Choose two.)

a CSU/DSU device
a modem
an Ethernet switch
a hub
a bridge

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 2 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.2.5 Examining Router Interfaces

17 When connecting two devices, which situation would normally require the use of a crossover cable?

connecting a host to a switch
connecting a switch to a router
connecting a switch to a switch
connecting a host to a router console port

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.1.3 Examining the Connections of the Router

18

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has run the show interface command. The output of this command is displayed. What is the first step that is required to make this interface operational?

Switch the cable with a known working cable.
Issue the no shutdown command on the interface.
Configure the interface as a loopback interface.
Set the encapsulation for the interface.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

19 Which port should a terminal emulator be connected to in order to access a router without network connectivity?

T1
serial
console
FastEthernet

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.5 Router Interfaces

20 Which router mode is accessed by entering the enable command?

user EXEC
privileged EXEC
global configuration
interface configuration

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

21

Refer to the exhibit. When a static IP address is being configured on the host, what address should be used for the default gateway?

10.1.1.1
10.1.1.2
172.16.1.1
192.168.1.1

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.1 Implementing Basic Addressing Schemes

22

Refer to the exhibit. The show cdp neighbors command was run on one of the devices as shown. Based on this information, which two facts can be determined? (Choose two.)

The command was run on the router.
ABCD is a non- CISCO device.
Layer 3 connectivity between two devices exists.
ABCD supports routing capability.
ABCD is connected to the Fa0/0 interface of the neighboring device.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.3.4 Using CDP for Network Discovery

23

Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true about the Ethernet interfaces shown in the network?

A frame leaves interface Fa0/0 of R1 with the source MAC address as 000C.3010.9260.
Hosts on 10.1.1.0/24 will use 172.16.3.1/24 as their default gateway.
A packet will not be forwarded between R1 and R2 until the no shutdown command is issued on the Fa0/0 interface of R1.
The Fa0/0 interface of R2 could be configured with the IP address 172.16.4.1/24 and still have connectivity on this link.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.2.2 Configuring an Ethernet Interface

24

Refer to the exhibit. Which solution provides the most efficient use of router resources for forwarding traffic between BR and HQ?

RIP
RIPv2
EIGRP
static routes

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.4.1 Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route

25

Refer to the exhibit. Pings are failing between HostA and HostB. The network administrator discovers that Router1 does not have a route to the 172.16.0.0 network. Assuming Router2 is configured correctly, which two static routes could be configured on Router1 to enable Host A to reach network 172.16.0.0? (Choose two.)

ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.2
ip route 192.168.0.1 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0
ip route 192.168.0.1 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/1

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.7.3 Solving the Missing Route

26

Refer to the exhibit. How was the OSPF default gateway entry for R2 determined?

Default routes are automatically injected by OSPF into all advertisements.
A static default gateway route is defined in the configuration of R2.
The default-information originate command is applied on R1.
The ISP defines the gateway of last resort and automatically passes it to R1 and R2.
The ip default-gateway command is applied on R2.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.5.1 Redistributing an OSPF Default Route

27

Refer to the exhibit. On the basis of the show running-config output, which option correctly reflects the routes that will be listed in the R2 routing table?

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.1 Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface
2.6.2 Default Static Route

28

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator configures a static route on router R1 to reach the 192.168.1.0/24 network. Which IP address should be used as the next-hop address in the ip route command?

192.168.1.1
192.168.2.1
192.135.250.1
192.135.250.2

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.4.1 Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route

29 Because of a topology change, the next hop IP address in the current static route must be reconfigured. How can a static route entry be altered to accommodate a topology change?

Keep the existing static route and configure a new static route with the correct next hop IP address.
Negate the existing static route and configure a new static route with the correct next hop IP address.
Do nothing. The existing static route will automatically update the next hop entry with the new IP address.
Keep the existing static route, reload the router, and configure a new static route with the correct next hop IP address.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.2 Modifying Static Routes

30

Refer to the exhibit. The entire 192.168.1.0 network has been allocated to address hosts in the diagram. Utilizing VLSM with contiguous address blocks, which set of addresses and prefixes could be used to create an addressing solution with a minimum waste of IP addresses?

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.2.1 VLSM in Action
6.2.2 VLSM and IP Addresses

31

Refer to the exhibit. Which host has a combination of IP address and subnet mask on the same network as Fa0/0 of Router1?

host A
host B
host C
host D

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.1 Implementing Basic Addressing Schemes

32

Refer to the exhibit. If the EIGRP routing protocol is used throughout the network, which IP address and mask prefix should be sent by router R1 to the Edge router as a result of manual summarization of LANs A, B, C, and D?

192.168.4.0/20
192.168.4.0/22
192.168.4.0/24
192.168.4.0/26

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.3.2 Calculating Route Summarization

33

Refer to the exhibit. Routers RTRA and RTRB are running OSPF. What entry does RTRA add in the routing table when Serial 0/0/0 receives an update about the network that is attached to RTRB?

O 172.16.7.0/30 [110/51] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:25, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.7.16/28 [110/51] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:25, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.7.0/24 [110/51] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:25, Serial0/0/0
O 172.16.0.0/16 [110/51] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:25, Serial0/0/0

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.1.4 Classless Routing Protocol

34

Refer to the exhibit. If RIPv1 is used as the routing protocol throughout the network, what RIPv1 route will router R1 advertise to router R3?

10.0.0.0
10.1.0.0
10.1.1.0
10.1.2.0

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.1.2 Classful Routing Protocol

35 Which statement correctly describes a feature of RIP?

RIP is a link-state routing protocol.
RIP uses only one metric—hop count— for path selection.
Advertised routes with hop counts greater than 10 are unreachable.
Messages are broadcast every 10 seconds.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
5.1.2 RIPv1 Characteristics and Message Format

36

Refer to the exhibit. The network is using the RIPv2 routing protocol. If network 10.0.0.0 goes down, what mechanism will prevent Router1 from advertising false routing information back to Router2?

triggered updates
poison reverse
holddown timers
split horizon

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.4.5 Split Horizon Rule

37 Which mechanism helps to avoid routing loops by advertising a metric of infinity?

route poisoning
split horizon
hold-down timer
triggered updates

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.4.6 Split Horizon with Poison Reverse or Route Poisoning

38

Refer to the exhibit. When troubleshooting a network, it is important to interpret the output of various router commands. On the basis of the exhibit, which three statements are true? (Choose three.)

The missing information for Blank 1 is the command show ip route.
The missing information for Blank 1 is the command debug ip route.
The missing information for Blank 2 is the number 100.
The missing information for Blank 2 is the number 120.
The missing information for Blank 3 is the letter R.
The missing information for Blank 3 is the letter C.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1, Option 4, and Option 6 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 3

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.5.1 Identifying Elements of the Routing Table

39

Refer to the exhibit. R1 and R2 are adjacent routers both running RIP. All interfaces on both routers are correctly configured and operational. Both routers are configured to include all connected interfaces in routing updates. R2 is not showing any routes from R1 in the routing table. What is the likely cause?

The adjacent interfaces are passive.
The distance of 120 exceeds 15 hops.
R2 will not accept version 1 updates from R1.
Routes are being summarized by R1 but not by R2.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
7.2.1 Enabling and Verifying RIPv2

40

Refer to the exhibit. All routers are configured to use the EIGRP routing protocol with default settings, all routes are advertised on all routers, and the network is fully converged. Which path will the data take to travel between 172.16.1.0/24 and 192.168.100.0/24?

It will travel via A, B, and C.
It will travel via A, F, E, D, and C.
It will travel via A, G, H, and C.
The traffic will be load-balanced on all paths.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.3.2 EIGRP Metrics

41 Which multicast address does EIGRP use to send hello and updates packets?

224.0.0.5
224.0.0.6
224.0.0.9
224.0.0.10

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.1.4 RTP and EIGRP Packet Types

42 A router has EIGRP configured as the only routing protocol. In what way might EIGRP respond if there is no feasible successor route to a destination network and the successor route fails?

It broadcasts hello packets to all routers in the network to re-establish neighbor adjacencies.
It sends queries to adjacent neighbors until a new successor route is found.
It immediately sends its entire routing table to its neighbors.
It will set the metric for the failed route to infinity.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.4.6 Finite State Machine

43

Refer to the exhibit. EIGRP 1 has been configured on R1. What is the effect of configuring the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp command?

The EIGRP bandwidth routing metric will be reduced by 30%.
EIGRP 1 protocol traffic will be restricted to 30% of the link bandwidth.
Packets that are routed based on EIGRP routing table entries will be limited to 30% of the link bandwidth.
EIGRP traffic will be permitted to burst for short periods to 30% above the configured link bandwidth.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.5.5 Fine-tuning EIGRP

44

Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements are true based on the exhibited output? (Choose two.)

All routes are stable.
Each route has one feasible successor.
The serial interface between the two routers is down.
The administrative distance of EIGRP has been set to 50.
The show ip eigrp topology command has been run on R1.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.5.2 Disabling Automatic Summarization

45

Refer to the exhibit. A network designer is testing a prototype of WAN connections. All of the routers in the exhibit are configured for OSPF routing. The design requires that the path between routers A and D through ISP-A is the primary and the path through ISP-B servers as a backup. The designer notices that router A has two equal-cost paths to the LAN on router D. How can the designer correct this problem?

Issue a clock rate 2000000 interface command on S0/0/1 of router ISP-B.
Change the default OSPF reference bandwidth on router A.
Configure two static routes with administrative distances of 10.
Use the bandwidth command to change the default bandwidth on the link to router B.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.3.2 Modifying the Cost of the Link

46

Refer to the exhibit. R1 and R2 are unable to establish an adjacency. What two configuration changes will correct the problem? (Choose two.)

Set a lower priority on R2.
Configure the routers in the same area.
Set a lower cost on R2 compared to R1.
Add a backup designated router to the network.
Match the hello and dead timers on both routers.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 2 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.5 Verifying OSPF

47

Refer to the exhibit. If the router loopback interfaces, FastEthernet interfaces, and OSPF priorities are configured as shown, which router would win an OSPF DR election?

A
B
C
D

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.4.2 DR/BDR Election Process

48 Two routers need to be configured within a single OSPF area. Which two components need to be configured on both routers to achieve this? (Choose two.)

the same process ID
the same area ID
network addresses and wildcard masks
the same router ID
the same loop back address

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 2 and Option 3 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.3 The network Command

49

Refer to the exhibit. What OSPF network statements are required for the router B to advertise the three networks that are attached?

router ospf 1
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

router ospf 1
network 10.1.1.0 0.3.255.255 area 0
network 10.10.1.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
network 10.20.1.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

router ospf 1
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 10.10.1.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
network 10.20.1.0 0.0.255.255 area 0

router ospf 1
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.20.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.3 The network Command

50

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is trying to determine why router JAX has no OSPF routes in its routing table. All routers are configured for OSPF area 0. From the JAX router, the administrator is able to ping its connected interfaces and the Fa0/1 interface of the ORL router but no other router interfaces. What is a logical step that the network administrator should take to troubleshoot the problem?

Reboot the routers.
Change the OSPF process ID on all of the routers to 0.
Check to see if the cable is loose between ORL and JAX.
Check to see if CDP packets are passing between the routers.
Use show and debug commands to determine if hellos are propagating.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 5
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
10.1.6 Building the Link-State Packet

1 A network administrator is in charge of two separate networks that share a single building. What device will be required to connect the two networks and add a common connection to the Internet that can be shared?

hub
router
access point
Ethernet switch

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.1 Routers are Computers

2 Which two router component and operation pair are correctly described? (Choose two.)

DRAM - loads the bootstrap
RAM - stores the operating system
Flash - executes diagnostics at bootup
NVRAM - stores the configuration file
ROM - stores the backup configuration file
POST - runs diagnostics on hardware modules

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 4 and Option 6 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.2 Router CPU and Memory

3 A router boots and enters setup mode. What is the reason for this?

The IOS image is corrupt.
Cisco IOS is missing from flash memory.
The configuration file is missing from NVRAM.
The POST process has detected hardware failure.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.4 Router Boot-up Process

4

Refer to the exhibit. Packets destined to which two networks will require the router to perform a recursive lookup? (Choose two.)

10.0.0.0/8
64.100.0.0/16
128.107.0.0/16
172.16.40.0/24
192.168.1.0/24
192.168.2.0/24

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 6 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.3.3 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

5 Which candidate route has the longest match for a packet with a destination address of 10.30.16.48?

10.30.0.0/16
10.30.15.0/23
10.30.16.0/24
10.30.16.32/27
10.30.16.32/30

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
8.2.2 Longest Match: Level 1 Network Routes

6

Refer to the exhibit. Routers R1 and R3 use different routing protocols with default administrative distance values. All devices are properly configured and the destination network is advertised by both protocols.

Which path will be used to transmit the data packets from PC1 to PC2?

The packets will travel via R2-R1.
The packets will travel via R2-R3.
The traffic will be load-balanced between two paths — via R2-R1 and via R2-R3.
The packets will travel via R2-R3, and the other path via R2-R1 will be retained as the backup path.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.3 Load Balancing

7 In a complex lab test environment, a router has discovered four paths to 192.168.1.0/24 via the use of the RIP routing process. Which route will be installed in the routing table after the discovery of all four paths?

R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.110.1, 00:00:17, Serial0/1/0
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.100.1, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/1
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.101.1, 00:00:17, Serial0/1/1

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
5.5.2 Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1

8

Refer to the exhibit. The router receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.5.79. How will the router handle this packet?

It will forward the packet via the FastEthernet0/0 interface.
It will forward the packet via the Serial0/0/0 interface.
It will forward the packet via the Serial0/0/1 interface.
It will drop the packet.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.6.2 Default Static Route

9 A network administrator uses the RIP routing protocol to implement routing within an autonomous system. What are two characteristics of this protocol? (Choose two.)

It uses the Bellman-Ford algorithm to determine the best path.
It displays an actual map of the network topology.
It offers rapid convergence in large networks.
It periodically sends complete routing tables to all connected devices.
It is beneficial in complex and hierarchically designed networks.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.2.3 Distance Vector and Link State

10 Which two statements are true for link-state routing protocols? (Choose two.)

Routers that run a link-state protocol can establish a complete topology of the network.
Routers in a multipoint network that run a link-state protocol can exchange routing tables.
Routers use only hop count for routing decisions.
The shortest path first algorithm is used.
Split horizon is used to avoid routing loops.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
10.1.1 Link-State Routing Protocols

11 Which two statements are true about classless routing protocols? (Choose two.)

They can be used for discontiguous subnets.
They can forward supernet routes in routing updates.
They cannot implement classful routes in routing tables.
They use only a hop count metric.
They do not include the subnet mask in routing updates.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 2 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.2.4 Classful and Classless

12 Which statement is true regarding routing metrics?

All routing protocols use the same metrics.
EIGRP uses bandwidth as its only metric.
Routers compare metrics to determine the best route.
The larger metric generally represents the better path.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.1 Purpose of a Metric

13 Which routing protocol by default uses bandwidth and delay to calculate the metric of a route?

RIPv1
RIPv2
OSPF
EIGRP

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.2 Metrics and Routing Protocols

14 You have been asked to explain converged networks to a trainee. How would you accurately describe a converged network?

A network is converged when all routers have formed an adjacency.
A network is converged immediately after a topology change has occurred.
A network is converged when all routers flush the unreachable networks from their routing tables.
A network is converged after all routers share the same information, calculate best paths, and update their routing tables.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.2.3 Distance Vector and Link State

15

Refer to the exhibit. All the routers are properly configured to use the RIP routing protocol with default settings, and the network is fully converged. Router A is forwarding data to router E. Which statement is true about the routing path?

Router A will send the data via the A-D-E path that is listed in the routing table.
Router A will load-balance the traffic between A-B-E and A-C-E.
Router A will determine that all paths have equal metric cost.
Router A will send the data through A-D-E and keep A-B-E and A-C-E as the backup paths.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.4.1 Purpose of Administrative Distance

16

Refer to the exhibit. A device is required to complete the connection between router R1 and the WAN. Which two devices can be used for this? (Choose two.)

a CSU/DSU device
a modem
an Ethernet switch
a hub
a bridge

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 2 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.2.5 Examining Router Interfaces

17 Which component is typically used to connect the WIC interface of a router to a CSU/DSU?

V.35 cable
RJ-45 adapter
crossover cable
straight-through cable

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.2.5 Examining Router Interfaces

18 Which router mode is accessed by entering the enable command?

user EXEC
privileged EXEC
global configuration
interface configuration

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

19

Refer to the exhibit. What are the effects of the exhibited commands on the router?

All passwords are encrypted.
Only Telnet sessions are encrypted.
Only the enable password is encrypted.
Only the enable password and Telnet session are encrypted.
Enable and console passwords are encrypted.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

20

Refer to the exhibit. A technician has configured the interfaces on the Router, but upon inspection discovers that interface FastEthernet0/1 is not functioning. Which action will most likely correct the problem with FastEthernet0/1?

A clock rate should be added to the interface configuration.
The subnet mask should be added to the interface configuration.
An interface description needs to be added to the interface configuration.
The no shutdown command needs to be added to the interface configuration.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

21

Refer to the exhibit. Which two facts can be derived from this output? (Choose two.)

Three network devices are directly connected to Router2.
The serial interface between Router2 and Router3 is up.
Router1 and Router3 are directly connected.
Six devices are up and running on the network.
Layer 3 functionality between routers is configured properly.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 2 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.3.4 Using CDP for Network Discovery

22

Refer to the exhibit. Which route in the routing table of R1 will be discarded by its neighboring router?

192.168.2.0
192.168.3.0
192.168.4.0
192.168.9.0
192.168.10.0
192.168.11.0

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
5.1.2 RIPv1 Characteristics and Message Format

23

Refer to the exhibit. All interfaces are addressed and functioning correctly. The network administrator runs the tracert command on host A. Which two facts could be responsible for the output of this command? (Choose two.)

The gateway for Host A is missing or improperly configured.
The gateway for Host B is missing or improperly configured.
The entry for 192.168.1.0/24 is missing from the routing table of R1.
The entry for 192.168.1.0/24 is missing from the routing table of R2.
The entry for 192.168.2.0/24 is missing from the routing table of R1.
The entry for 192.168.2.0/24 is missing from the routing table of R2.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 4 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.7.2 Troubleshooting a Missing Route

24 In which situation would a default static route be recommended?

when connecting an edge router to the Internet
when variable length subnet masking is in effect
when there is more than one valid route for a destination network
when a destination network has a larger mask than any routes in the routing table

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.6.2 Default Static Route

25 What is the advantage of configuring a static route with an exit interface instead of a next-hop address?

The router will perform a recursive lookup.
This route will automatically be used as the gateway of last resort.
The exit interface configuration consumes less router processing time.
The exit interface configuration has an administrative distance value of 1.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.1 Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface

26

Refer to the exhibit. On the basis of the show running-config output, which option correctly reflects the routes that will be listed in the R2 routing table?

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.1 Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface
2.6.2 Default Static Route

27 A static route has been configured on a router. However, the destination network no longer exists. What should an administrator do to remove the static route from the routing table?

Change the routing metric for that route.
Nothing. The static route will go away on its own.
Change the administrative distance for that route.
Remove the route using the no ip route command.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.2 Modifying Static Routes

28

Refer to the exhibit. Hosts on the 192.168.1.0 network cannot communicate with hosts on the 172.16.1.1 network. The network administrator has run the show ip route command on R1.

What could be the cause of this problem?

The FastEthernet interface on R1 is disabled.
Autosummarization is enabled on R1.
The serial interface S0/0/0 of R1 is administratively down.
No static route or routing protocol is configured.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.6.2 Default Static Route

29

Refer to the exhibit. The users on the local network 172.16.1.0/24 complain that they are unable to connect to the Internet. What step should be taken to remedy the problem?

A new static route must be configured on R1 with the R3 serial interface as the next hop.
A new default route must be configured on R1 with the R3 serial interface as the next hop.
The default route on R2 should be configured with the R3 serial interface as the next hop.
The default route on R2 must be replaced with a new static route and the next hop should be the R1 FastEthernet interface.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.6.2 Default Static Route

30 A network administrator needs to assign the very last usable IP address in the 172.24.64.0/18 network range to the router interface that serves this LAN. Which IP address should the administrator configure on the interface?

172.16.128.154/18
172.16.255.254/18
172.24.64.254/18
172.24.127.254/18

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.1.1 Classful IP Addressing

31

Refer to the exhibit. Which summarization should R1 use to advertise its networks to R2?

192.168.1.0/24
192.168.0.0/24
192.168.0.0/22
192.168.1.0/22

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.3.1 Route Summarization

32

Refer to the exhibit. Host A is unable to access the Internet. What is the reason for this?

The IP address of host A is incorrect.
The default gateway of host A is incorrect.
The Fa0/1 interfaces of the two routers are configured for different subnets.
The subnet mask for the Fa0/0 interface of R1 is incorrect.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.1 Implementing Basic Addressing Schemes

33

Refer to the exhibit. What does the highlighted entry for network 172.30.0.0/16 indicate?

Automatic summarization is enabled on R1.
The routing table of R2 contains only classful networks.
R2 will reject this update.
The routing protocol that is configured on both routers is RIPv1.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
7.2.2 Auto-summary and RIPv2

34 Which additional piece of information is included in the updates of classless routing protocols to support the use of VLSM and discontiguous networks?

metric
network mask
neighbor router ID
administrative distance

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
7.2.1 Enabling and Verifying RIPv2

35

Refer to the exhibit. The network is running the RIP routing protocol. Network 10.0.0.0 goes down. Which statement is true regarding how the routers in this topology will respond to this event?

Router4 will learn about the failed route 30 seconds later in the next periodic update.
Split horizon will prevent Router4 from fowarding packets to the 10.0.0.0 network until the holddown timer expires.
Router5 immediately flushes the unreachable route from its routing table.
Router5 will send Router4 a triggered update with a metric of 16 for network 10.0.0.0.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.4.6 Split Horizon with Poison Reverse or Route Poisoning

36 What is the purpose of the TTL field within an IP packet header?

clears an unreachable route from the routing table after the invalid timer expires
prevents regular update messages from inappropriately reinstating a route that may have gone bad
removes an unreachable route from the routing table after the flush timer expires
limits the period of time or number of hops a packet can traverse through the network before it should be discarded
used to mark the route as unreachable in a routing update that is sent to other routers

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.4.7 IP and TTL

37 Which two technologies can be used in distance vector routing protocols to prevent routing loops? (Choose two.)

authentication
link-state advertisements
hold-down timers
Spanning Tree Protocol
split horizon

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 3 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.4.1 Definition and Implications

38

Refer to the exhibit. PC1 is unable to access the Internet. What is the cause of the problem?

An incorrect IP address is configured between the two routers.
No static route is configured on Router2.
A routing loop has occurred.
No routing protocol is configured on either of the two routers.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.4.6 Split Horizon with Poison Reverse or Route Poisoning

39

Refer to the exhibit. Both routers are using the RIPv2 routing protocol and static routes are undefined. R1 can ping 192.168.2.1 and 10.1.1.2, but is unable to ping 192.168.4.1.

What is the reason for the ping failure?

The serial interface between two routers is down.
R2 is not forwarding the routing updates.
The 192.168.4.0 network is not included in the RIP configuration of R2.
RIPv1 needs to be configured.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
7.2.1 Enabling and Verifying RIPv2

40 A sniffer program has captured a packet with a destination IP address of 224.0.0.10. Which protocol uses this IP address?

RIP
RIPv2
OSPF
EIGRP

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.1.2 EIGRP Message Format

41 When would the network administrator use the ip bandwidth-percent eigrp as-number percent command?

when there is a low bandwidth connection
when the connection is on a shared medium
when the connection is serial instead of Ethernet
when the link is always busy

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.5.5 Fine-tuning EIGRP

42

Refer to the exhibit. A network technician notes that there are missing EIGRP routes in the routing tables on each router in this network. Based on the exhibited output, what caused these missing routes?

The holdtime values are mismatched.
The autonomous system numbers are mismatched.
The interfaces on the link between RouterC and RouterD are shut down.
An EIGRP neighbor relationship has not been established between RouterA and RouterB.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.2.5 Verifying EIGRP

43

Refer to the exhibit. What will occur if the link to 192.168.2.0/24 through the FastEthernet0/0 interface fails?

The DUAL algorithm will place 192.168.2.0/24 in an active state.
The route to 192.168.2.0/24 will be dropped from the routing table.
The feasible successor through Serial0/0/0 will be installed in the routing table.
The 192.168.0.1 link through Serial0/0/0 will be recalculated to see if it is a feasible successor.
Packets that are destined for 192.168.2.0/24 will be broadcast through all interfaces until a successor route is determined.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.4.5 Topology Table: No Feasible Successor
9.4.6 Finite State Machine

44

Refer to the exhibit. Host A is having problems accessing server A. All routers have the same EIGRP configuration as router RTR_A. What should be done so that host A can access server A?

Add the command no auto-summary on all routers.
Change the network statements to include a wildcard mask.
Adjust the EIGRP hello timers to account for the network delay.
Add the command eigrp log-neighbor-changes on all routers.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.5.2 Disabling Automatic Summarization

45

Refer to the exhibit. R1 and R2 are unable to establish an adjacency. What two configuration changes will correct the problem? (Choose two.)

Set a lower priority on R2.
Configure the routers in the same area.
Set a lower cost on R2 compared to R1.
Add a backup designated router to the network.
Match the hello and dead timers on both routers.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 2 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.5 Verifying OSPF

46

Refer to the exhibit. The IP addresses on all interfaces on router R1 were configured before the OSPF protocol had been enabled on the router. No OSPF router ID was manually configured. Which IP address will be selected by the router as an OSPF router ID?

10.10.10.1
172.16.1.1
172.16.2.1
192.168.1.1
192.168.100.1

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.4 OSPF Router ID

47 What are two advantages of using a loopback interface on a router with OSPF enabled? (Choose two.)

A loopback interface has a much lower OSPF cost value by default.
A loopback interface provides a stable ID because the loopback interface cannot be shutdown.
A network administrator has more control over the DR/BDR election by using a loopback interface over a physical interface.
A loopback interface can be configured with a higher bandwidth value than can a physical interface.
The loopback interface address overrides any physical interface address or configured router-id value.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 2 and Option 3 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.4 OSPF Router ID

48

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured OSPF using the following command:

network 192.168.1.32 0.0.0.31 area 0

Which router interface will participate in OSPF?

FastEthernet0/0
FastEthernet0/1
Serial0/0/0
Serial0/0/1

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.3 The network Command

49

Refer to the exhibit. All interfaces are configured with the correct IP addresses and subnet masks. OSPF has been configured as the routing protocol. During troubleshooting, it is determined that hosts on network B can ping the Lo0 interface on R1 but are unable to reach hosts on network A. What is the cause of the problem?

Routers R1 and R2 have incorrect router IDs configured.
Router R1 is unable to form a neighbor relationship with router R2.
Routers R1 and R2 have been configured in different OSPF areas.
The configuration of router R1 fails to include network A in the OSPF routing process.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.5 Verifying OSPF

50

Refer to the exhibit. What does the state "FULL/ -" indicate?

The DR/BDR election is currently taking place.
The router with router ID 10.112.0.34 and RouterA are on a point-to-point network.
RouterA could not form a neighbor relationship with the router with router ID 10.112.0.34.
OSPF hello and dead timers between RouterA and the router with router ID 10.112.0.34 do not match.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.4.1 Challenges in Multiaccess Networks

Saturday, August 28, 2010

ERouting Final Exam - C

1 Which of the following are primary functions of a router? (Choose two.)

packet switching
microsegmentation
domain name resolution
path selection
flow control

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.1 Routers are Computers

2 Using default settings, what is the next step in the router boot sequence after the IOS loads from flash?

Perform the POST routine.
Search for a backup IOS in ROM.
Load the bootstrap program from ROM.
Load the running-config file from RAM.
Locate and load the startup-config file from NVRAM.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 5
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.4 Router Boot-up Process

3 Which two locations can be the source of the Cisco IOS that is used by a router during the bootup process? (Choose two.)

flash memory
RAM
NVRAM
TFTP server
configuration register

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.1.4 Router Boot-up Process

4 What are two switching functions of a router? (Choose two.)

The router encapsulates the packet in the appropriate data link frame type for the outgoing data link.
The router re-encapsulates the packet in a new frame, which results in a change of the Layer 2 header at each hop.
The router determines the exit interface after data encapsulation.
The router changes the source logical address to the forwarding router interface logical address.
The router re-encapsulates the IP packet if no matching entry is found in the routing table and no default route is configured.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 2 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.4.4 Path Determination

5

Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true concerning the routing configuration?

Using dynamic routing instead of static routing would have required fewer configuration steps.
The 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.1.2.0/24 routes have adjacent boundaries and should be summarized.
Packets routed to the R2 Fast Ethernet interface require two routing table lookups.
The static route will not work correctly.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.4.1 Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route

6

Refer to the exhibit. How many routes are ultimate routes?

3
4
5
7

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
8.1.3 Level 1 Routes

7

Refer to the exhibit. All routers are properly configured with default configurations and are running the OSPF routing protocol. The network is fully converged. A host on the 192.168.3.0/24 network is communicating with a host on the 192.168.2.0/24 network.

Which path will be used to transmit the data?

The data will be transmitted via R3-R2.
The data will be transmitted via R3-R1-R2.
The traffic will be load-balanced between two paths — one via R3-R2, and the other via R3-R1-R2.
The data will be transmitted via R3-R2, and the other path via R3-R1-R2 will be retained as the backup path.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.3 Load Balancing

8

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator adds this command to router R1: ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 S0/0/0. What is the result of adding this command?

This route is automatically propagated throughout the network.
The traffic for network 172.16.1.0 is forwarded to network 192.168.2.0.
A static route is established.
The traffic for all Class C networks is forwarded to 172.16.1.2.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.1 Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface

9 Which two situations require the use of a link-state protocol? (Choose two.)

Fast convergence of the network is critical.
The network is very large.
The network administrator has limited knowledge to configure and troubleshoot routing protocols.
The network is a flat network.
The capacity of the router is low.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 2 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.2.3 Distance Vector and Link State

10 What are two ways that a router can learn of the paths to destination networks? (Choose two.)

updates from other routers
DHCP information broadcasts
manual configuration of routes
ARP requests from connected routers
inspection of the destination IP address in data packets
updates from the SMTP management information base

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 3 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.1.1 Perspective and Background

11

Refer to the exhibit. What is the meaning of the highlighted value 120?

It is the metric that is calculated by the routing protocol.
It is the value that is used by the DUAL algorithm to determine the bandwidth for the link.
It is the administrative distance of the routing protocol.
It is the hold-down time, measured in seconds, before the next update.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
5.3.1 Verifying RIP: show ip route

12 Which statement is true about the metrics used by routing protocols?

A metric is a value used by a particular routing protocol to compare paths to remote networks.
A common metric is used by all routing protocols.
The metric with the highest value is installed in the routing table.
The router may use only one parameter at a time to calculate the metric.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.3.1 Purpose of a Metric

13 When presented with multiple valid routes to a destination, what criteria does a router use to determine which routes to add to the routing table?

The router selects the routes with the best metric. All routes that have the same best metric are added to the routing table.
The router first selects routes with the lowest administrative distance. The resulting routes are then prioritized by metric and the routes with the best metric are added to the routing table.
The router selects the routes with the lowest administrative distance. All routes with the same lowest administrative distance are added to the routing table.
The router installs all routes in the routing table but uses the route with the best metric most when load balancing.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.4.1 Purpose of Administrative Distance

14

Refer to the exhibit. What are two of the routes added to the routing table of R1? (Choose two.)

R 172.16.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.0, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/1
R 192.168.9.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.100.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.1.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 2 and Option 4 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
5.3.3 Verifying RIP: debug ip rip

15

Refer to the exhibit. Two remote sites are connected to the HQ router. The router New is configured using RIPv2 and the router BR1 is configured using EIGRP. If HQ is configured with RIPv2 and EIGRP, how will the 172.16.10.0/24 network be added to the routing table of HQ after the network converges?

with two paths of the same cost to the 172.16.10.0/24 network
with one path to the 172.16.10.0/24 network via router BR1
with one path to the 172.16.10.0/24 network via router NEW
with two paths of different cost to the 172.16.10.0/24 network

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3.4.1 Purpose of Administrative Distance

16

Refer to the exhibit. A device is required to complete the connection between router R1 and the WAN. Which two devices can be used for this? (Choose two.)

a CSU/DSU device
a modem
an Ethernet switch
a hub
a bridge

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 2 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.2.5 Examining Router Interfaces

17

Refer to the exhibit. Which two components are required to complete the configuration? (Choose two.)

a crossover cable
a DCE device
a DTE device
a modem
a V.35 cable

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 3 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.2.5 Examining Router Interfaces

18

Refer to the exhibit. Why is the state of the serial0/0/0 interface administratively down?

An IP address has not been configured on the interface.
The WIC was installed into the incorrect slot on the router.
The default encapsulation on the interface has been modified.
The no shutdown command has not been executed on the interface.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.2.4 Configuring A Serial Interface

19 A network administrator is setting up a new router with a device name of Admin, an encrypted password of cangetin, and the IP address 192.168.1.22/29 assigned to the first FastEthernet interface. Which command sequence correctly configures this router?

Router(config)# hostname Admin
Admin(config)# enable secret cangetin
Admin(config)# interface fa0/1
Admin(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.22 255.255.255.248

Router(config)# hostname Admin
Admin(config)# enable password cangetin
Admin(config)# interface fa0/1
Admin(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.22 255.255.255.248

Router(config)# hostname Admin
Admin(config)# enable secret cangetin
Admin(config)# interface fa0/0
Admin(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.22 255.255.255.248

Router(config)# hostname Admin
Admin(config)# enable password cangetin
Admin(config)# interface fa0/0
Admin(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.22 255.255.255.248

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

20

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is accessing router R1 from the console port. Once the administrator is connected to the router, which password should the administrator enter at the R1> prompt to access the privileged EXEC mode?

Cisco001
Cisco123
Cisco789
Cisco901

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.2 Basic Router Configuration

21

Refer to the exhibit. A PC is unable to communicate outside of the local network. A network technician views the host configuration and determines that the correct subnet mask but incorrect gateway was entered. What gateway IP address should be configured on the PC if the company policy requires that the IP address on a router interface is the highest in the subnet?

192.168.1.46
192.168.1.54
192.168.1.62
192.168.1.126

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.2.2 VLSM and IP Addresses

22 An administrator is configuring Router1 so that it can connect to Router2 by using IP. Which protocol can be used by Router1 to determine the IP address of Router2 when they are directly connected and only Layer 2 connectivity exists between them?

ARP
CDP
ICMP
Telnet

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.3.3 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
2.3.4 Using CDP for Network Discovery

23

Refer to the exhibit. The output of the show ip route command for three routers on a network is displayed. All routers are operational, pings are not blocked on this network. Which two pings will fail? (Choose two.)

from R1 to 10.3.3.1
from R1 to 172.16.1.1
from R1 to 192.168.3.1
from R2 to 192.168.1.1
from R2 to 192.168.3.1

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 1 and Option 3 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.7.1 Static Routes and Packet Forwarding

24 What is the advantage of configuring a static route with an exit interface instead of a next-hop address?

The router will perform a recursive lookup.
This route will automatically be used as the gateway of last resort.
The exit interface configuration consumes less router processing time.
The exit interface configuration has an administrative distance value of 1.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.1 Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface

25 In which situation would a default static route be recommended?

when connecting an edge router to the Internet
when variable length subnet masking is in effect
when there is more than one valid route for a destination network
when a destination network has a larger mask than any routes in the routing table

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.6.2 Default Static Route

26

Refer to the exhibit. How was the OSPF default gateway entry for R2 determined?

Default routes are automatically injected by OSPF into all advertisements.
A static default gateway route is defined in the configuration of R2.
The default-information originate command is applied on R1.
The ISP defines the gateway of last resort and automatically passes it to R1 and R2.
The ip default-gateway command is applied on R2.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.5.1 Redistributing an OSPF Default Route

27 The command ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 was entered into the router. After network changes were made, the new next hop for the 192.168.2.0/24 network is 172.16.5.1. What should an administrator do so that the router will use the new next hop to reach the 192.168.2.0 network?

Enter the command clear ip route *.
Lower the administrative distance for the new path to ensure that it is used first.
Negate the original command and enter a new static route with the new next hop.
Nothing. The router will learn of the new next hop and automatically update the route table.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.2 Modifying Static Routes

28

Refer to the exhibit. The users on the local network 172.16.1.0/24 complain that they are unable to connect to the Internet. What step should be taken to remedy the problem?

A new static route must be configured on R1 with the R3 serial interface as the next hop.
A new default route must be configured on R1 with the R3 serial interface as the next hop.
The default route on R2 should be configured with the R3 serial interface as the next hop.
The default route on R2 must be replaced with a new static route and the next hop should be the R1 FastEthernet interface.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.6.2 Default Static Route

29

Refer to the exhibit. Based on the output, what can be concluded about the routes on router R1 ?

Only one static route is configured on R1.
Network 172.16.4.0 is directly connected to R1.
Static routing is configured using the exit interface option.
R1 is configured with three static routes to the three subnets of the 172.16.0.0/24 network.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
2.5.3 Verifying the Static Route Configuration

30

Refer to the exhibit. The entire 192.168.1.0 network has been allocated to address hosts in the diagram. Utilizing VLSM with contiguous address blocks, which set of addresses and prefixes could be used to create an addressing solution with a minimum waste of IP addresses?

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.2.1 VLSM in Action
6.2.2 VLSM and IP Addresses

31

Refer to the exhibit. Which combination of IP address and subnet mask can be used on the serial interface of Router2 in order to put the interface in the same network as the serial interface of Router1?

IP 172.16.0.18, subnet mask 255.255.255.0
IP 172.16.32.15, subnet mask 255.255.255.240
IP 172.16.0.18, subnet mask 255.255.255.252
IP 172.16.32.18, subnet mask 255.255.255.252

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
1.2.1 Implementing Basic Addressing Schemes

32

Refer to the exhibit. The LANs on routers R1, R2, and R3 must be configured to use the 192.168.1.0 network space. If VLSM is used and contiguous blocks of addresses are assigned, which network number and prefix value would be associated with interface Fa0/0 on router R2?

192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.80/27
192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.120/29
192.168.1.128/29

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.2.2 VLSM and IP Addresses

33

Refer to the exhibit. The networks that are connected to R1 have been summarized for R2 as 192.168.136.0/21. Which packet destination address will R2 forward to R1?

192.168.135.1
192.168.142.1
192.168.144.1
192.168.128.1

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.3.2 Calculating Route Summarization

34

Refer to the exhibit. A new PC was deployed in the Sales network. It was given the host address of 192.168.10.31 with a default gateway of 192.168.10.17. The PC is not communicating with the network properly. What is the cause?

The default gateway is incorrect.
The address is in the wrong subnet.
The host address and default gateway are swapped.
192.168.10.31 is the broadcast address for this subnet.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
6.2.2 VLSM and IP Addresses

35

Refer to the exhibit. The network is running the RIP routing protocol. Network 10.0.0.0 goes down. Which statement is true regarding how the routers in this topology will respond to this event?

Router4 will learn about the failed route 30 seconds later in the next periodic update.
Split horizon will prevent Router4 from fowarding packets to the 10.0.0.0 network until the holddown timer expires.
Router5 immediately flushes the unreachable route from its routing table.
Router5 will send Router4 a triggered update with a metric of 16 for network 10.0.0.0.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.4.6 Split Horizon with Poison Reverse or Route Poisoning

36

Refer to the exhibit. The 10.4.0.0 network fails. What mechanism prevents R2 from receiving false update information regarding the 10.4.0.0 network?

split horizon
hold-down timers
route poisoning
triggered updates

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
4.4.5 Split Horizon Rule

37 Which feature of RIPv2 enables it to function as a classless routing protocol?

Subnet masks are included in routing updates.
Routing updates are triggered by topology changes.
Next-hop addresses are included in routing updates.
Multicast addresses are used to send routing updates.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
7.2.1 Enabling and Verifying RIPv2

38

Refer to the exhibit. Both routers are using the RIPv2 routing protocol and static routes are undefined. R1 can ping 192.168.2.1 and 10.1.1.2, but is unable to ping 192.168.4.1.

What is the reason for the ping failure?

The serial interface between two routers is down.
R2 is not forwarding the routing updates.
The 192.168.4.0 network is not included in the RIP configuration of R2.
RIPv1 needs to be configured.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
7.2.1 Enabling and Verifying RIPv2

39

Refer to the exhibit. The network is configured with RIPv2. However, network administrators notice that communication cannot be successfully completed from one LAN to another. A network administrator issues the show ip route command on the HQ router. Based on the output, what should be done to correct the problem?

Disable the load balancing feature of RIPv2.
Issue the no auto-summary command for RIPv2.
Replace RIPv2 with EIGRP which supports VLSM.
Make sure that the network statements include the correct subnet mask.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
7.4.2 Common RIPv2 issues

40 A network administrator is using an application that is monitoring packets on the network and sees an EIGRP update packet. What is the purpose of the update packet?

The packet is sent to discover neighbors within the EIGRP network.
The packet is sent to search for network devices within an EIGRP network.
The packet is used to propagate routing information within the EIGRP network.
The packet is used to send an unreachable reply to another router within the EIGRP network.
The packet is used to notify all routers that EIRGP has failed on one of the routers within the EIGRP network.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.1.4 RTP and EIGRP Packet Types

41 Which protocol is used by EIGRP to deliver and receive update packets?

FTP
RTP
TCP
TFTP
UDP

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.1.4 RTP and EIGRP Packet Types

42

Refer to the exhibit. Which two interface variables will determine the metric that is used on EIGRP routes? (Choose two.)

load
delay
reliability
hop count
bandwidth

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 2 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.3.1 EIGRP Composite Metric and the K Values

43

Refer to the exhibit. What information can be determined from the displayed output?

EIGRP packets are waiting to be sent to the neighbors.
The adjacencies between the routers are yet to be established.
The IP address 192.168.10.10 is configured at serial interface S0/0/1 of router R2.
Router R2 is receiving hello packets from a neighbor with the IP address 192.168.10.10 via the R2 S0/0/1 interface.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.5.1 The Null0 Summary Route

44

Refer to the exhibit. What will happen if interface Serial0/0/1 goes down on Router1?

The Dijkstra algorithm will calculate the feasible successor.
DUAL will query neighbors for a route to network 192.168.1.0.
Neighbor 172.16.3.2 will be promoted to the feasible successor.
Traffic destined to the 192.168.1.0 network will be dropped immediately due to lack of a feasible successor.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
9.4.5 Topology Table: No Feasible Successor

45

Refer to the exhibit. A network designer is testing a prototype of WAN connections. All of the routers in the exhibit are configured for OSPF routing. The design requires that the path between routers A and D through ISP-A is the primary and the path through ISP-B servers as a backup. The designer notices that router A has two equal-cost paths to the LAN on router D. How can the designer correct this problem?

Issue a clock rate 2000000 interface command on S0/0/1 of router ISP-B.
Change the default OSPF reference bandwidth on router A.
Configure two static routes with administrative distances of 10.
Use the bandwidth command to change the default bandwidth on the link to router B.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.3.2 Modifying the Cost of the Link

46

Refer to the exhibit. R1 and R2 are unable to establish an adjacency. What two configuration changes will correct the problem? (Choose two.)

Set a lower priority on R2.
Configure the routers in the same area.
Set a lower cost on R2 compared to R1.
Add a backup designated router to the network.
Match the hello and dead timers on both routers.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response Option 2 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required. 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.5 Verifying OSPF

47 All routers in a network are configured in a single OSPF area with the same priority value. No loopback interface has been set on any of the routers. Which secondary value will the routers use to determine the router ID?

The highest MAC address among the active interfaces of the network will be used.
There will be no router ID until a loopback interface is configured.
The highest IP address among the active FastEthernet interfaces that are running OSPF will be used.
The highest IP address among the active interfaces will be used.

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.4 OSPF Router ID

48

Refer to the exhibit. All the routers boot at the same time and enter the OSPF election process. Which router will be elected as the BDR?

router A
router B
router C
router D
both A and D

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.4 OSPF Router ID
11.4.2 DR/BDR Election Process

49

Refer to the exhibit. R1 is configured properly for a single area OSPF, and R2 has been recently installed in the network. Which set of commands is required to configure a single area OSPF for the networks that are connected to R2?

R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config)# router ospf 2
R2(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 1

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.3 The network Command

50

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured OSPF using the following command:

network 192.168.1.32 0.0.0.31 area 0

Which router interface will participate in OSPF?

FastEthernet0/0
FastEthernet0/1
Serial0/0/0
Serial0/0/1

Observable Description Max Value
1 correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option 2

This item references content from the following areas:
CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts
11.2.3 The network Command

My Name is

2011-12-12T21:06:00.002+08:00

Name Analyzer

Full Set CCNA Final Test

2011-12-12T14:08:00.002+08:00

01. When connectionless protocols are implemented at the lower layers of the OSI model, what is usually used to acknowledge that the data was received and to request the retransmission of missing data?

IP
UDP
Ethernet
a connectionless acknowledgement
an upper-layer, connection-oriented protocol or service

02. Refer to the exhibit. Each media link is labeled. What type of cable should be used to connect the different devices?

Connection 1 – rollover cable
Connection 2 – straight-through cable
Connection 3 – crossover cable

Connection 1 – crossover cable

Connection 2 – rollover cable
Connection 3 – crossover cable

Connection 1 – straight-through cable
Connection 2 – crossover cable
Connection 3 – crossover cable

Connection 1 – straight-through cable
Connection 2 – crossover cable
Connection 3 – straight-through cable

Connection 1 – crossover cable
Connection 2 – straight-through cable
Connection 3 – crossover cable

03. Which OSI layer does IP rely on to determine whether packets have been lost and to request retransmission?

application
presentation
session
transport

04. Refer to the exhibit. What is the correct destination socket number for a web page request from Host A to the web server?

00-08-a3-b6-ce-46
198.133.219.25:80
http://www.cisco.com
C 198.133.219.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

05. A PC can not connect to any remote websites, ping its default gateway, or ping a printer that is functioning properly on the local network segment. Which action will verify that the TCP/IP stack is functioning correctly on this PC?

Use the ipconfig /all command at the host’s command prompt.
Use the ping 127.0.0.1 command at the command prompt.
Use the traceroute command at the command prompt to identify any failures on the path to the gateway.
Use FTP to check for connectivity to remote sites.
Download a troubleshooting tool from the PC manufacturer’s website.

06. Which type of media is immune to EMI and RFI? (Choose two.)

10 Base-T
10 Base-2
10 Base-5
100 Base-FX
100 Base TX
1000 Base LX

07. Refer to the exhibit. The command that is shown was issued on a PC. What does the IP address 192.168.33.2 represent?

IP address of the host
default gateway of the host
IP address of the homepage for the host
primary domain name server for the host
IP address of the website resolver1.mooki.local

08. Refer to the exhibit. The diagram represents the process of sending email between clients. Select the list below that correctly identifies the component or protocol used at each numbered stage of the diagram.

1.MUA 2.MDA 3.MTA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.POP 7.MDA 8.MUA
1.MUA 2.POP 3.MDA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.MDA 7.SMTP 8.MUA
1.MUA 2.POP 3.SMTP 4.MDA 5.MTA 6.SMTP 7.POP 8.MUA
1.MDA 2.SMTP 3.MTA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.MUA 7.POP 8.MDA
1.MUA 2.SMTP 3.MTA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.MDA 7.POP 8.MUA

09. What is true regarding network layer addressing? (Choose three)

uses a flat structure
prevent broadcasts
heirarchical
uniquely identifies each host
48 bits in length
contains a network portion

10. Which OSI layers offers reliable, connection-oriented data communication services?

application
presentation
session
transport
network

11. Examine the graphic with current configurations. Host A in the Clerical offices failed and was replaced. Although a ping to 127.0.0.1 was successful, the replacement computer can not access the company network. What is the likely cause of the problem?

IP address incorrectly entered
network cables unplugged
subnet mask incorrectly entered
network card failure

12. Refer to the exhibit. Host A attempts to establish a TCP/IP session with host C. During this attempt, a frame was captured with the source MAC address 0050.7320.D632 and the destination MAC address 0030.8517.44C4. The packet inside the captured frame has an IP source address 192.168.7.5, and the destination IP address is 192.168.219.24. At which point in the network was this packet captured?

leaving host A
leaving ATL
leaving Dallas
leaving NYC

13. Refer to the exhibit. What two facts can be determined from the information that is given? (Choose two.)

This exchange is part of the three-way handshake.
The source port indicates that a Telnet session has been initiated.
The data is flowing from server to client.
The destination port indicates that an HTTP session has been initiated.
The data listed is associated with the transport layer.
The source port does not support communication with the destination port that is listed.

14. Refer to the exhibit. On the basis of the IP configuration that is shown, what is the reason that Host A and Host B are unable to communicate outside the local network?

Host A was assigned a network address.
Host B was assigned a multicast address.
Host A and Host B belong to different networks.
The gateway address was assigned a broadcast address.

15. Which of the following are the address ranges of the private IP addresses? (Choose three.)

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
200.100.50.0 to 200.100.25.255
150.150.0.0 to 150.150.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
127.16.0.0 to 127.31.255.255

16. Which combination of network id and subnet mask correctly identifies all IP addresses from 172.16.128.0 through 172.16.159.255?

172.16.128.0 255.255.255.224
172.16.128.0 255.255.0.0
172.16.128.0 255.255.192.0
172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
172.16.128.0 255.255.255.192

17. Which password is automatically encrypted when it is created?

vty
aux
console
enable secret
enable password

18. Which three statements characterize the transport layer protocols? (Choose three.)

TCP and UDP port numbers are used by application layer protocols.

TCP uses port numbers to provide reliable transportation of IP packets.
UDP uses windowing and acknowledgments for reliable transfer of data.
TCP uses windowing and sequencing to provide reliable transfer of data.
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. UDP is a connectionless protocol.

19. When must a router serial interface be configured with the clock rate command?

when the interface is functioning as a DTE device
when the interface timers have been cleared
when the connected DTE device is shut down
when the interface is functioning as a DCE device

20. Which two functions of the OSI model occur at layer two? (Choose two.)

physical addressing
encoding
routing
cabling
media access control

21. A routing issue has occurred in you internetwork. Which of the following type of devices should be examined to isolate this error?

access point
host
hub
router
switch

22. Refer to the exhibit. With the router running NAT, what IP addresses can be applied to the computer to allow access to the Internet? (Choose three)

192.168.18.38
192.168.18.48
192.168.18.49
192.168.18.52
192.168.18.59
192.168.18.63

23. Due to a security violation, the router passwords must be changed. What information can be learned from the following configuration entries? (Choose two)

Router(config)# line vty 0 3 Router(config-line)# password c13c0 Router(config-line)# login

The entries specify three Telnet lines for remote access.
The entries specify four Telnet lines for remote access.
The entries set the console and Telnet password to “c13c0″.
Telnet access will be denied because the Telnet configuration is incomplete.
Access will be permitted for Telnet using “c13c0″ as the password.

24. As network administrator, what is the subnet mask that allows 510 hosts given the IP address 172.30.0.0?

255.255.0.0
255.255.248.0
255.255.252.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.128

01. Immediately after a router completes its boot sequence, the network administrator wants to check the routers configuration. From privileged EXEC mode, which of the following commands can the administrator use for this purpose? (Choose two.)

show flash
show NVRAM
show startup-config
show running-config
show version

02. Users in the network are experiencing slow response time when doing file transfers to a remote server. What command could be issued to determine if the router has experienced any input or output errors?

show running-config
show startup-config
show interfaces
show ip route
show version
show memory

03. Refer to the exhibit. A technician applies the configuration in the exhibit to a clean router. To verify the configuration, the technician issues the show running-config command in the CLI session with the router. What lines should the technician expect to see in the router output from the show running-config command?

* enable password class   line console 0   password ccna

 * enable secret cisco    enable password class    line console 0    password ccna

* enable secret 5 $1$v0/3$QyQWmJyT7zCa/yaBRasJm0   enable password class   line console 0   password ccna

* enable secret cisco   enable password 7 14141E0A1F17   line console 0   password 7 020507550A

* enable secret 5 $1$v0/3$QyQWmJyT7zCa/yaBRasJm0   enable password 7 14141E0A1F17   line console 0

04. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator on HostA has problems accessing the FTP server. Layer three connectivity testing was successful from HostA to the S1 interface of RouterB. Which set of commands will allow the network administrator to telnet to RouterB and run debug commands?

* RouterB(config)# enable secret class   RouterB(config)# line vty 0 4   RouterB(config-if)# login

* RouterB(config)# enable secret class   RouterB(config)# line vty 0 2   RouterB(config-vty)# password cisco   RouterB(config-vty)# login

* RouterB(config)# enable secret class   RouterB(config)# line vty 0   RouterB(config-line)# password cisco   RouterB(config-line)# login

* RouterB(config)# enable secret class   RouterB(config)# line aux 0   RouterB(config-line)# password cisco   RouterB(config-line)# login

* RouterB(config)# enable secret class   RouterB(config)# line aux 0   RouterB(config-vty)# password cisco   RouterB(config-vty)# login

05. The connection between routers B and C has been successfully tested. However, after rebooting router C, the administrator noticed the response time between networks 10.10.3.0 and 10.10.4.0 is slower. Ping between the two routers is successful. A trace route indicates three hops from router B to router C. What else can be done to troubleshoot the problem?

Ping router B S0/1 connection from router C.
Trace the connection between router B to router C S0/1.
Issue a show ip route command in router B to verify routing is enabled.
Issue a show ip interface brief command on router C.

06. What command is used to change the default router name to Fontana?

Router# name Fontana
Router# hostname Fontana
Router(config)# name Fontana
Router(config)# hostname Fontana

07. The serial connection shown in the graphic needs to be configured. Which configuration commands must be made on the Sydney router to establish connectivity with the Melbourne site? (Choose three.)

Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.2 255.255.255.0
Sydney(config-if)# no shutdown
Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.1 255.255.255.224
Sydney(config-if)# clock rate 56000
Sydney(config-if)# ip host Melbourne 201.100.53.2

08. Refer to the exhibit. The output is shown for the show ip route command executed on Router A. What does the IP address 192.168.2.2 represent?

Gateway for the 192.168.1.0 network
Gateway for the 192.168.3.0 network
IP assigned to the serial port on Router A
IP assigned to the serial port on Router B

09. Refer to the exhibit. What additional command is required to allow remote access to this switch from hosts outside the local network?

NA-SW1(config-if)# no shutdown
NA-SW1(config)# enable password password
NA-SW1(config)# ip default-gateway address
NA-SW1(config-if)# description description

10. In a Cisco device, where is the IOS file stored prior to system startup?

RAM
ROM
Flash
NVRAM

11. When network services fail, which port is most often used to access a router for management purposes?

Ethernet
Console
Telnet
SSH

12. A network administrator needs to keep the user ID, password, and session contents private when establishing remote CLI connectivity with a router to manage it. Which access method should be chosen?

Telnet
Console
AUX
SSH

13. In a Cisco router, when do changes made to the running-configuration take effect?

after a system restart
as the commands are entered
when logging off the system
when the configuration is saved to the startup-configuration

14. Refer to the exhibit. Which names correctly identify the CLI mode represented by the prompt for Switch-East4#? (Choose two.)

line configuration mode
user executive mode
global configuration mode
privileged executive mode
interface configuration mode
enable mode

15. Which three terms correctly define the forms of help available within the Cisco IOS? (Choose three.)

hot keys
context-check
context-sensitive
structured check
command override
command syntax check

16. Which combination of keys would be used at the CLI prompt to interrupt a ping or traceroute process?

Ctrl-C
Ctrl-P
Ctrl-R
Ctrl-Shift-6
Ctrl-Z

17. Refer to the exhibit. What command will place the router into the correct mode to configure an appropriate interface to connect to a LAN?

UBAMA# configure terminal
UBAMA(config)# line vty 0 4
UBAMA(config)# line console 0
UBAMA(config)# interface Serial 0/0/0
UBAMA(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/1

18. On a Cisco router, which interface would be used to make the initial configuration?

Console

19. Refer to the exhibit. A student is responsible for the IP addressing, configuration and connectivity testing of the network shown in the graphic. A ping from host B to host C results in a destination unreachable but a ping from host B to host A was successful. What two reasons could account for this failure based on the graphic and partial router output for the Dallas router? (Choose two.)

The host A is turned off.
The Fa0/0 interface on Dallas is shutdown.
The LAN cable is disconnected from host B.
The S0/0/1 IP address of Dallas is improperly configured.
The Fa0/0 interface on Dallas is in a different subnet than host B.
The clock rate is missing on the serial link between Dallas and NYC.

01. Refer to the exhibit. A student working in the lab selects a cable that is wired as shown. Which connection types can successfully be made with this cable? (Choose two.)

connecting a PC to a router’s console port
connecting two routers together via their fast ethernet ports
connecting two switches together at gigabit speeds
connecting a PC to a switch at Gigabit Ethernet speeds
connecting two devices with the same interface type at Fast Ethernet speeds

02. Which option identifies the primary interface which would be used for initial configuration of a Cisco router?

AUX interface
Ethernet interface
serial interface
console interface

03. What makes fiber preferable to copper cabling for interconnecting buildings? (Choose three.)

greater distances per cable run
lower installation cost
limited susceptibility to EMI/RFI
durable connections
greater bandwidth potential
easily terminated

04. A network administrator is required to use media in the network that can run up to 100 meters in cable length without using repeaters. The chosen media must be inexpensive and easily installed. The installation will be in a pre-existing building with limited cabling space. Which type of media would best meet these requirements?

STP
UTP
coaxial
single-mode fiber
multimode fiber

05. What does the term “attenuation” mean in data communication?

loss of signal strength as distance increases
time for a signal to reach its destination
leakage of signals from one cable pair to another
strengthening of a signal by a networking device

06. How many host addresses may be assigned on each subnetwork when using the 130.68.0.0 network address with a subnet mask of 255.255.248.0?

30
256
2046
2048
4094
4096

07. Which subnet mask would be assigned to the network address of 192.168.32.0 to provide 254 useable host addresses per subnetwork?

255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.248.0

08. A company is planning to subnet its network for a maximum of 27 hosts. Which subnet mask would provide the needed hosts and leave the fewest unused addresses in each subnet?

255.255.255.0
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248

09. What type of network cable is used between a terminal and a console port?

cross-over
straight-through
rollover
patch cable

10. Which device is used to create or divide broadcast domains?

hub
switch
bridge
router
repeater

11. Refer to the exhibit. What destination IP address will PC1 place in the header for a packet destined for PC2?

192.168.1.1
192.168.2.1
192.168.2.2
192.168.3.1
192.168.3.54

12. Refer to the exhibit. Based on the IP configuration shown, what would be the result of Host A and Host B attempting to communicate outside the network segment?

both host A and B would be successful
host A would be successful, host B would fail
host B would be successful, host A would fail
both Host A and B would fail

13. Which three types of connectors are commonly associated with Cisco’s V.35 serial cables? (Choose three.)

RJ 11
DB 60
Winchester 15 pin
DB 9
smart serial
RJ 45

14. Refer to the exhibit. How many subnets are required to support the network that is shown?

15. What are two common methods for setting a UTP Ethernet port to MDI or MDIX operation? (Choose two.)

cable color code association
cable selection and configuration
use of cable testers to determine pinouts
the automatic detection and negotiating of MDI/MDIX operation of the port
the enabling of the mechanism to electrically swap the transmit and receive pairs

16. Refer to the exhibit. A student is setting up a home network primarily used for extensive file transfers, streaming video, and gaming. Which network device is best suited to these types of activities in the topology shown?

wireless access point
router
hub
switch

17. Which three statements are true about the role of routers in the network? (Choose three.)

They propagate broadcasts.
They enlarge collision domains.
They segment broadcast domains.
They interconnect different network technologies.
Each router interface requires a separate network or subnet.
They maintain a common frame format between LAN and WAN interfaces.

18. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has decided to use packet capture software to evaluate all traffic from the student subnet on the way to the Internet. To ensure that all packets are captured, what network device should be used to connect the monitoring station to the network between R1 and R2?

hub
router
firewall appliance
wireless access point

19. Refer to the exhibit. Assume that all devices are using default settings. How many subnets are required to address the topology that is shown?

20. Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements are true about the exhibited topology? (Choose three.)

Hosts B and C are in the same subnet.
Five broadcast domains are present.
Host B is using a crossover cable to connect to the router.
Four broadcast domains are present.
Five networks are shown.
Host B is using a rollover cable to connect to the router.

21. To establish a console connection from a computer to a Cisco router, which cable wiring option would be used?

crossover cable
straight through cable
rollover cable
V.35 cable

22. Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements identify the type of cabling that would be used in the segments that are shown? (Choose three.)

Segment 1 uses backbone cabling.
Segment 1 uses a patch cable.
Segment 3 uses patch cabling.
Segment 3 uses vertical cabling.
Segment 3 uses horizontal cabling.
Segment 4 uses vertical cabling.

23. Refer to the exhibit. A network technician has been allocated the 192.168.1.0/24 private IP address range for use in the network that shown in the exhibit. Which subnet mask would be used to meet the host requirements for segment A of this internetwork?

255.255.255.128
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248

01. Convert the binary number 10111010 into its hexadecimal equivalent. Select the correct answer from the list below.

02. Which of the following describe interframe spacing? (Choose two.)

the minimum interval, measured in bit-times, that any station must wait before sending another frame
the maximum interval, measured in bit-times, that any station must wait before sending another frame
the 96-bit payload padding inserted into a frame to achieve a legal frame size
the 96-bit frame padding transmitted between frames to achieve proper synchronization
the time allowed for slow stations to process a frame and prepare for the next frame
the maximum interval within which a station must send another frame to avoid being considered unreachable

03. When a collision occurs in a network using CSMA/CD, how do hosts with data to transmit respond after the backoff period has expired?

The hosts return to a listen-before-transmit mode.
The hosts creating the collision have priority to send data.
The hosts creating the collision retransmit the last 16 frames.
The hosts extend their delay period to allow for rapid transmission.

04. After an Ethernet collision, when the backoff algorithm is invoked, which device has priority to transmit data?

the device involved in the collision with the lowest MAC address
the device involved in the collision with the lowest IP address
any device in the collision domain whose backoff timer expires first
those that began transmitting at the same time

05. Which of the following is a drawback of the CSMA/CD access method?

Collisions can decrease network performance.
It is more complex than non-deterministic protocols.
Deterministic media access protocols slow network performance.
CSMA/CD LAN technologies are only available at slower speeds than other LAN technologies.

06. Refer to the exhibit. The switch and workstation are administratively configured for full-duplex operation. Which statement accurately reflects the operation of this link?

No collisions will occur on this link.
Only one of the devices can transmit at a time.
The switch will have priority for transmitting data.
The devices will default back to half duplex if excessive collisions occur.

07. Why do hosts on an Ethernet segment that experience a collision use a random delay before attempting to transmit a frame?

A random delay is used to ensure a collision-free link.
A random delay value for each device is assigned by the manufacturer.
A standard delay value could not be agreed upon among networking device vendors.
A random delay helps prevent the stations from experiencing another collision during the transmission.

08. In the graphic, Host A has reached 50% completion in sending a 1 KB Ethernet frame to Host D when Host B wishes to transmit its own frame to Host C. What must Host B do?

Host B can transmit immediately since it is connected on its own cable segment.
Host B must wait to receive a CSMA transmission from the hub, to signal its turn.
Host B must send a request signal to Host A by transmitting an interframe gap.
Host B must wait until it is certain that Host A has completed sending its frame.

09. Ethernet operates at which layers of the OSI model? (Choose two.)

Network layer
Transport layer
Physical layer
Application layer
Session layer
Data-link layer

10. What does the IEEE 802.2 standard represent in Ethernet technologies?

MAC sublayer
Physical layer
Logical Link Control sublayer
Network layer

11. Which statements correctly describe MAC addresses? (Choose three.)

dynamically assigned
copied into RAM during system startup
layer 3 address
contains a 3 byte OUI
6 bytes long
32 bits long

12. Refer to the exhibit. Host_A is attempting to contact Server_B. Which statements correctly describe the addressing Host_A will generate in the process? (Choose two.)

A packet with the destination IP of Router_B.
A frame with the destination MAC address of Switch_A.
A packet with the destination IP of Router_A.
A frame with the destination MAC address of Router_A.
A packet with the destination IP of Server_B.
A frame with the destination MAC address of Server_B.

13. Host A has an IP address of 172.16.225.93, a mask of 255.255.248.0, and a default gateway of 172.16.224.1. Host A needs to send a packet to a new host whose IP is 172.16.231.78. Host A performs the ANDing operation on its address and subnet mask. What two things will occur? (Choose two.)

Host A will get a result of 172.16.224.0 from the AND process.
Host A will send on to the media a broadcast frame that contains the packet.
Host A will broadcast an ARP request for the MAC of the host 172.16.231.78.
Host A will change the destination IP of the packet to 172.16.224.1 and forward the packet.
Host A will encapsulate the packet in a frame with a destination MAC that is the MAC address associated with 172.16.224.1.

14. Which two features make switches preferable to hubs in Ethernet-based networks? (Choose two.)

reduction in cross-talk
minimizing of collisions
support for UTP cabling
division into broadcast domains
increase in the throughput of communications

15. Ethernet operates at which layer of the TCP/IP network model?

application
physical
transport
internet
data link
network access

16. What are three functions of the upper data link sublayer in the OSI model? (Choose three.)

recognizes streams of bits
identifies the network layer protocol
makes the connection with the upper layers
identifies the source and destination applications
insulates network layer protocols from changes in physical equipment
determines the source of a transmission when multiple devices are transmitting

17. What three primary functions does data link layer encapsulation provide? (Choose three.)

addressing
error detection
frame delimiting
port identification
path determination
IP address resolution

18. What are the two most commonly used media types in Ethernet networks today? (Choose two.)

coaxial thicknet
copper UTP
coaxial thinnet
optical fiber
shielded twisted pair

19. Refer to the exhibit. Which option correctly identifies content that the frame data field may contain?

preamble and stop frame
network layer packet
physical addressing
FCS and SoF

20. What is the primary purpose of ARP?

translate URLs to IP addresses
resolve IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses
provide dynamic IP configuration to network devices
convert internal private addresses to external public addresses

01. Which OSI layer is responsible for binary transmission, cable specification, and physical aspects of network communication?

Presentation
Transport
Data Link
Physical

02. An installed fiber run can be checked for faults, integrity, and the performance of the media by using what device?

light injector
OTDR
TDR
multimeter

03. Which characteristics describe fiber optic cable? (Choose two.)

It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding and twisting to protect data.
It has a maximum speed of 100 Mbps.
It is the most expensive type of LAN cabling.

04. When is a straight-through cable used in a network?

when connecting a router through the console port
when connecting one switch to another switch
when connecting a host to a switch
when connecting a router to another router

05. Refer to the exhibit. Which type of Category 5 cable is used to make an Ethernet connection between Host A and Host B?

coax cable
rollover cable
crossover cable
straight-through cable

06. Which method of signal transmission uses radio waves to carry signals?

electrical
optical
wireless
acoustic

07. In most business LANs, which connector is used with twisted-pair networking cable?

BNC
RJ-11
RJ-45
Type F

08. Which of the following is a characteristic of single-mode fiber-optic cable?

generally uses LEDs as the light source
relatively larger core with multiple light paths
less expensive than multimode
generally uses lasers as the light source

09. Which type of cable run is most often associated with fiber-optic cable?

backbone cable
horizontal cable
patch cable
work area cable

10. What are three measures of data transfer? (Choose three.)

goodput
frequency
amplitude
throughput
crosstalk
bandwidth

11. With the use of unshielded twisted-pair copper wire in a network, what causes crosstalk within the cable pairs?

the magnetic field around the adjacent pairs of wire
the use of braided wire to shield the adjacent wire pairs
the reflection of the electrical wave back from the far end of the cable
the collision caused by two nodes trying to use the media simultaneously

12. What is a primary role of the Physical layer in transmitting data on the network?

create the signals that represent the bits in each frame on to the media
provide physical addressing to the devices
determine the path packets take through the network
control data access to the media

13. In LAN installations where potential electrical hazards or electromagnetic interference may be present, what type of media is recommended for backbone cabling?

coax
fiber
Cat5e UTP
Cat6 UTP
STP

14. What is a possible effect of improperly applying a connector to a network cable?

Data will be forwarded to the wrong node.
Data transmitted through that cable may experience signal loss.
An improper signaling method will be implemented for data transmitted on that cable.
The encoding method for data sent on that cable will change to compensate for the improper connection.

15. Which fiber connector supports full duplex Ethernet?

* (Third one is the correct one)

16. What is considered a benefit of wireless as a media choice?

more host mobility
lower security risks
reduced susceptibility to interference
less impact of the surroundings on the effective coverage area

17. What characteristic of UTP cable helps reduce the effects of interference?

the metal braiding in the shielding
the reflective cladding around core
the twisting of the wires in the cable
the insulating material in the outer jacket

01. Which three factors should be considered when implementing a Layer 2 protocol in a network? (Choose three.)

the Layer 3 protocol selected
the geographic scope of the network
the PDU defined by the transport layer
the physical layer implementation
the number of hosts to be interconnected

02.

Refer to the exhibit. Assuming that the network in the exhibit is converged meaning the routing tables and ARP tables are complete, which MAC address will Host A place in the destination address field of Ethernet frames destined for www.server?

00-1c-41-ab-c0-00
00-0c-85-cf-65-c0
00-0c-85-cf-65-c1
00-12-3f-32-05-af

03. Which options are properties of contention-based media access for a shared media? (Choose three.)

non-deterministic
less overhead
one station transmits at a time
collisions exist
devices must wait their turn
token passing

04. What is true concerning physical and logical topologies?

The logical topology is always the same as the physical topology.
Physical topologies are concerned with how a network transfers frames.
Physical signal paths are defined by Data Link layer protocols.
Logical topologies consist of virtual connections between nodes.

05. What determines the method of media access control? (Choose two.)

network layer addressing
media sharing
application processes
logical topology
intermediary device function

06. What is true regarding media access control? (Choose three.)

Ethernet utilizes CSMA/CD
defined as placement of data frames on the media
contention-based access is also known as deterministic
802.11 utilizes CSMA/CD
Data Link layer protocols define the rules for access to different media
controlled access contains data collisions

07. Which statements describe the logical token-passing topology? (Choose two.)

Network usage is on a first come, first serve basis.
Computers are allowed to transmit data only when they possess a token.
Data from a host is received by all other hosts.
Electronic tokens are passed sequentially to each other.
Token passing networks have problems with high collision rates.

08. A network administrator has been asked to provide a graphic representation of exactly where the company network wiring and equipment are located in the building. What is this type of drawing?

logical topology
physical topology
cable path
wiring grid
access topology

09. What is the purpose of the preamble in an Ethernet frame?

is used as a padding for data
is used for timing synchronization
is used to identify the source address
is used to identify the destination address

10. What statements are true regarding addresses found at each layer of the OSI model? (Choose two.)

Layer 2 may identify devices by a physical address burned into the network card
Layer 2 identifies the applications that are communicating
Layer 3 represents a hierarchical addressing scheme
Layer 4 directs communication to the proper destination network
Layer 4 addresses are used by intermediary devices to forward data

11.

Refer to the exhibit. Which statement describes the media access control methods that are used by the networks in the exhibit?

All three networks use CSMA/CA
None of the networks require media access control.
Network 1 uses CSMA/CD and Network 3 uses CSMA/CA.
Network 1 uses CSMA/CA and Network 2 uses CSMA/CD.
Network 2 uses CSMA/CA and Network 3 uses CSMA/CD.

12.

Refer to the exhibit. How many CRC calculations will take place as traffic routes from the PC to the laptop?

13.

Refer to the exhibit. A frame is being sent from the PC to the laptop. Which source MAC and IP addresses will be included in the frame as it leaves RouterB? (Choose two.)

source MAC – PC
source MAC – S0/0 on RouterA
source MAC – Fa0/1 on RouterB
source IP – PC
source IP – S0/0 on RouterA
source IP – Fa0/1 of RouterB

14. Which sublayer of the data link layer prepares a signal to be transmitted at the physical layer?

LLC
MAC
HDLC
NIC

15. What two facts are true when a device is moved from one network or subnet to another? (Choose two.)

The Layer 2 address must be reassigned.
The default gateway address should not be changed.
The device will still operate at the same Layer 2 address.
Applications and services will need additional port numbers assigned.
The Layer 3 address must be reassigned to allow communications to the new network.

16. What is a function of the data link layer?

provides the formatting of data
provides end-to-end delivery of data between hosts
provides delivery of data between two applications
provides for the exchange data over a common local media

17. What is a characteristic of a logical point-to-point topology?

The nodes are physically connected.
The physical arrangement of the nodes is restricted.
The media access control protocol can be very simple.
The data link layer protocol used over the link requires a large frame header.

18. What is a primary purpose of encapsulating packets into frames?

provide routes across the internetwork
format the data for presentation to the user
facilitate the entry and exit of data on media
identify the services to which transported data is associated

19. What is the primary purpose of the trailer in a data link layer frame?

define the logical topology
provide media access control
support frame error detection
carry routing information for the frame

20. What are three characteristics of valid Ethernet Layer 2 addresses? (Choose three.)

They are 48 binary bits in length.
They are considered physical addresses.
They are generally represented in hexadecimal format.
They consist of four eight-bit octets of binary numbers.
They are used to determine the data path through the network.
They must be changed when an Ethernet device is added or moved within the network.

01.

Refer to the exhibit. Which network prefix will implement the IP addressing scheme for the LANs shown in the graphic?

02. Which IPv4 subnetted addresses represent valid host addresses? (Choose three.)

172.16.4.127 /26
172.16.4.155 /26
172.16.4.193 /26
172.16.4.95 /27
172.16.4.159 /27
172.16.4.207 /27

03. Which statements are true regarding IP addressing? (Choose two.)

NAT translates public addresses to private addresses destined for the Internet.
Only one company is allowed to use a specific private network address space.
Private addresses are blocked from public Internet by router.
Network 172.32.0.0 is part of the private address space.
IP address 127.0.0.1 can be used for a host to direct traffic to itself.

04. Which process do routers use to determine the subnet network address based upon a given IP address and subnet mask?

binary adding
hexadecimal anding
binary division
binary multiplication
binary ANDing

05.

Refer to the exhibit. Host A is connected to the LAN, but it cannot get access to any resources on the Internet. The configuration of the host is shown in the exhibit. What could be the cause of the problem?

The host subnet mask is incorrect.
The default gateway is a network address.
The default gateway is a broadcast address.
The default gateway is on a different subnet from the host.

06. What subnet mask would a network administrator assign to a network address of 172.30.1.0 if it were possible to have up to 254 hosts?

255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.248.0

07. Which three IP addresses are private? (Choose three.)

172.168.33.1
10.35.66.70
192.168.99.5
172.18.88.90
192.33.55.89
172.35.16.5

08. Given the IP address and subnet mask of 172.16.134.64 255.255.255.224, which of the following would describe this address?

This is a useable host address.
This is a broadcast address.
This is a network address.
This is not a valid address.

09. A router interface has been assigned an IP address of 172.16.192.166 with a mask of 255.255.255.248. To which subnet does the IP address belong?

172.16.0.0
172.16.192.0
172.16.192.128
172.16.192.160
172.16.192.168
172.16.192.176

10.

Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has assigned the internetwork of LBMISS an address range of 192.168.10.0. This address range has been subnetted using a /29 mask. In order to accommodate a new building, the technician has decided to use the fifth subnet for configuring the new network (subnet zero is the first subnet). By company policies, the router interface is always assigned the first usable host address and the workgroup server is given the last usable host address. Which configuration should be entered into the workgroup server’s properties to allow connectivity to the network?

IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.240 default gateway: 192.168.10.39
IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.240 default gateway: 192.168.10.33
IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 default gateway: 192.168.10.33
IP address: 192.168.10.39 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 default gateway: 192.168.10.31
IP address: 192.168.10.254 subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 default gateway: 192.168.10.1

11. Which of the following network devices are recommended to be assigned static IP addresses? (Choose three.)

LAN workstations
servers
network printers
routers
remote workstations
laptops

12. Which of the following are features of IPv6? (Choose three.)

larger address space
faster routing protocols
data types and classes of service
authentication and encryption
improved host naming conventions
same addressing scheme as IPv4

13. What is the primary reason for development of IPv6?

security
header format simplification
expanded addressing capabilities
addressing simplification

14. What two things will happen if a router receives an ICMP packet which has a TTL value of 1 and the destination host is several hops away? (Choose two.)

The router will discard the packet.
The router will decrement the TTL value and forward the packet to the next router on the path to the destination host.
The router will send a time exceeded message to the source host.
The router will increment the TTL value and forward the packet to the next router on the path to the destination host.
The router will send an ICMP Redirect Message to the source host.

15.

Refer to the exhibit. Why would the response shown be displayed after issuing the command ping 127.0.0.1 on a PC?

The IP settings are not properly configured on the host.
Internet Protocol is not properly installed on the host.
There is a problem at the physical or data link layer.
The default gateway device is not operating.
A router on the path to the destination host has gone down.

16. How many bits make up an IPv4 address?

17.

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator discovers that host A is having trouble with Internet connectivity, but the server farm has full connectivity. In addition, host A has full connectivity to the server farm. What is a possible cause of this problem?

The router has an incorrect gateway.
Host A has an overlapping network address.
Host A has an incorrect default gateway configured.
Host A has an incorrect subnet mask.
NAT is required for the host A network.

18. What three facts are true about the network portion of an IPv4 address? (Choose three.)

identifies an individual device
is identical for all hosts in a broadcast domain
is altered as packet is forwarded
varies in length
is used to forward packets
uses flat addressing

19. What is a group of hosts called that have identical bit patterns in the high order bits of their addresses?

an internet
a network
an octet
a radix

20. What is the network address of the host 172.25.67.99 /23 in binary?

10101100. 00011001.01000011.00000000
10101100. 00011001.01000011.11111111
10101100. 00011001.01000010.00000000
10101100. 00011001.01000010.01100011
10101100. 00010001.01000011. 01100010
10101100. 00011001.00000000.00000000

21.

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has to develop an IP addressing scheme that uses the 192.168.1.0 /24 address space. The network that contains the serial link has already been addressed out of a separate range. Each network will be allocated the same number of host addresses. Which network mask will be appropriate to address the remaining networks?

255.255.255.248
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.252

01. In an IPv4 environment, what information is used by the router to forward data packets from one interface of a router to another?

destination network address
source network address
source MAC address
well known port destination address

02. What information is added during encapsulation at OSI Layer 3?

source and destination MAC
source and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
source and destination IP address

03. In a connectionless system, which of the following is correct?

The destination is contacted before a packet is sent.
The destination is not contacted before a packet is sent.
The destination sends an acknowledgement to the source that indicates the packet was received.
The destination sends an acknowledgement to the source that requests the next packet to be sent.

04. Which IP packet field will prevent endless loops?

type-of-service
identification
flags
time-to-live
header checksum

05. Which portion of the network layer address does a router use to forward packets?

host portion
broadcast address
network portion
gateway address

06.

Refer to the exhibit. Using the network in the exhibit, what would be the default gateway address for host A in the 192.133.219.0 network?

192.135.250.1
192.31.7.1
192.133.219.0
192.133.219.1

07. If the default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host, what is the impact on communications?

The host is unable to communicate on the local network.
The host can communicate with other hosts on the local network, but is unable to communicate with hosts on remote networks.
The host can communicate with other hosts on remote networks, but is unable to communicate with hosts on the local network.
There is no impact on communications.

08. What is the purpose of a default gateway?

physically connects a computer to a network
provides a permanent address to a computer
identifies the network to which a computer is connected
identifies the logical address of a networked computer and uniquely identifies it to the rest of the network
identifies the device that allows local network computers to communicate with devices on other networks

09. What type of routing uses information that is manually entered into the routing table?

dynamic
interior
static
standard

10. When the destination network is not listed in the routing table of a Cisco router, what are two possible actions that the router might take? (Choose two.)

The router sends an ARP request to determine the required next hop address.
The router discards the packet.
The router forwards the packet toward the next hop indicated in the ARP table.
The router forwards the packet to the interface indicated by the source address.
The router forwards the packet out the interface indicated by the default route entry.

11. What are the key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network? (Choose three.)

gateways
purpose
physical addressing
software version
geographic location
ownership

12. What is a component of a routing table entry?

the MAC address of the interface of the router
the destination Layer 4 port number
the destination host address
the next-hop address

13. Which intermediary devices could be used to implement security between networks? (Choose two.)

router
hub
switch
firewall
access point
bridge

14. What are three common problems with a large network? (Choose three.)

too few broadcasts
performance degradation
security issues
limited management responsibility
host identification
protocol compatibility

15.

Refer to the exhibit. All devices shown in the exhibit have factory default settings. How many broadcast domains are represented in the topology that is shown?

16. Which three statements are true about routes and their use? (Choose three.)

If no route to the destination network is found, the packet is returned to the previous router.
If the destination network is directly connected, the router forwards the packet to the destination host.
If multiple network entries exist for the destination network, the most general route is used to forward the packet.
If no route exists for the destination network and a default route is present, the packet is forwarded to the next-hop router.
If the originating host has a default gateway configured, the packet for a remote network can be forwarded using that route.
If a host does not have a route manually configured for the destination network, the host will drop the packet.

17.

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is troubleshooting a connectivity problem and needs to determine the address that is used to forward network packets out the network. Using the netstat -r command, the administrator would identify which address as the address to which all hosts send packets that are destined for an outside network?

10.10.10.26
127.0.0.1
10.10.10.6
10.10.10.1
224.0.0.0

18.

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator notices that there are too many broadcasts on the network. What two steps can the network administrator take to resolve this problem? (Choose two.)

Replace S2 with a router.
Place all servers on S1.
Disable TCP/IP broadcasts.
Subnet the 192.168.0.0 /24 network.
Disable all unused interfaces on the switches.

19.

Refer to the exhibit. The network in the exhibit is fully operational. What two statements correctly describe the routing for the topology that is shown? (Choose two.)

192.168.0.2 is the next-hop address that is used by R3 to route a packet from the 10.0.0.0 network to the 172.16.0.0 network.
10.0.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R1 to route a packet from the 192.168.12.0 network to the 10.0.0.0 network.
192.168.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R1 to route a packet from the 192.168.12.0 network to the 172.16.0.0 network.
172.16.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R3 to route a packet from the 10.0.0.0 to the 172.16.0.0 network.
192.168.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R2 to route a packet from the 172.16.0.0 network to the 192.168.12.0 network.
192.168.0.2 is the next-hop address that is used by R2 to route a packet from the 172.16.0.0 network to the 192.168.12.0 network.

20. What two characteristics are commonly associated with dynamic routing protocols? (Choose two.)

require no device configuration
provide routers with up-to-date routing tables
require less processing power than static routes require
consume bandwidth to exchange route information
prevent manual configuration and maintenance of the routing table

21. What statement describes the purpose of a default route?

A host uses a default route to transfer data to another host on the same network segment.
A host uses a default route to forward data to the local switch as the next hop to all destinations.
A host uses a default route to identify the Layer 2 address of an end device on the local network.
A host uses a default route to transfer data to a host outside the local network when no other route to the destination exists.

01.

Based on the transport layer header shown in the diagram, which of the following statements describe the established session? (Choose two.)

This is a UDP header.
This contains a Telnet request.
This contains a TFTP data transfer.
The return packet from this remote host will have an Acknowledgement Number of 43693.
This is a TCP header.

02. With TCP/IP data encapsulation, which range of port numbers identifies all well-known applications?

0 to 255
256 to 1022
0 to 1023
1024 to 2047
49153 to 65535

03. Why are port numbers included in the TCP header of a segment?

to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order

04. Which OSI model layer is responsible for regulating the flow of information from source to destination, reliably and accurately?

application
presentation
session
transport
network

05.

Refer to the exhibit. Host A is using FTP to download a large file from Server 1. During the download process, Server 1 does not receive an acknowledgment from Host A for several bytes of transferred data. What action will Server 1 take as a result?

create a Layer 1 jam signal
reach a timeout and resend the data that needs to be acknowledged
send a RESET bit to the host
change the window size in the Layer 4 header

06. Why is flow control used for TCP data transfer?

to synchronize equipment speed for sent data
to synchronize and order sequence numbers so data is sent in complete numerical order
to prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed by incoming data
to synchronize window size on the server
to simplify data transfer to multiple hosts

07. Which two options represent Layer 4 addressing? (Choose two.)

identifies the destination network
identifies source and destination hosts
identifies the communicating applications
identifies multiple conversations between the hosts
identifies the devices communicating over the local media

08.

Refer to the exhibit. In line 7 of this Wireshark capture, what TCP operation is being performed?

session establishment
segment retransmit
data transfer
session disconnect

09.

Refer to the exhibit. What two pieces of information can be determined from the output that is shown? (Choose two.)

The local host is using three client sessions.
The local host is using web sessions to a remote server.
The local host is listening for TCP connections using public addresses.
The local host is using well-known port numbers to identify the source ports.
The local host is performing the three-way handshake with 192.168.1.101:1037.

10. What is dynamically selected by the source host when forwarding data?

destination logical address
source physical address
default gateway address
source port

11. What are two features of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)? (Choose two.)

flow control
low overhead
connectionless
connection-oriented
sequence and acknowledgements

12. What mechanism is used by TCP to provide flow control as segments travel from source to destination?

sequence numbers
session establishment
window size
acknowledgments

13. Which transport layer protocol provides low overhead and would be used for applications which do not require reliable data delivery?

TCP
IP
UDP
HTTP
DNS

14. Which information is found in both the TCP and UDP header information?

sequencing
flow control
acknowledgments
source and destination port

15. Which three features allow TCP to reliably and accurately track the transmission of data from source to destination? (Choose three.)

flow control
urgent pointer
best effort delivery
session establishment
connectionless services
numbering and sequencing

16. During a TCP communication session, if the packets arrive to the destination out of order, what will happen to the original message?

The packets will not be delivered.
The packets will be retransmitted from the source.
The packets will be delivered and reassembled at the destination.
The packets will be delivered and not reassembled at the destination.

17. Which is an important characteristic of UDP?

acknowledgement of data delivery
minimal delays in data delivery
high reliability of data delivery
same order data delivery

18. After a web browser makes a request to a web server that is listening to the standard port, what will be the source port number in the TCP header of the response from the server?

13
53
80
1024
1728

19. Which event occurs during the transport layer three-way handshake?

The two applications exchange data.
TCP initializes the sequence numbers for the sessions.
UDP establishes the maximum number of bytes to be sent.
The server acknowledges the bytes of data received from the client.

20.

Refer to the exhibit. Host1 is in the process of setting up a TCP session with Host2. Host1 has sent a SYN message to begin session establishment. What happens next?

Host1 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 0, SYN flag = 0 to Host2.
Host1 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 0 to Host2.
Host1 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 1 to Host2.
Host2 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 0, SYN flag = 1 to Host1.
Host2 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 0 to Host1.
Host2 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 1 to Host1.

01. What application layer protocol is commonly used to support for file transfers between a client and a server?

HTML
HTTP
FTP
Telnet

02. What are two forms of application layer software? (Choose two.)

applications
dialogs
requests
services
syntax

03. A network administrator is designing a network for a new branch office of twenty-five users. What are the advantages of using a client-server model? (Choose two.)

centralized administration
does not require specialized software
security is easier to enforce
lower cost implementation
provides a single point of failure

04. What is the purpose of resource records in DNS?

temporarily holds resolved entries
used by the server to resolve names
sent by the client to during a query
passes authentication information between the server and client

05. What is the automated service that matches resource names with the required IP address?

HTTP
SSH
FQDN
DNS
Telnet
SMTP

06. What three protocols operate at the Application layer of the OSI model? (Choose three.)

ARP
DNS
PPP
SMTP
POP
ICMP

07. What are three properties of peer-to-peer applications? (Choose three.)

acts as both a client and server within the same communication
requires centralized account administration
hybrid mode includes a centralized directory of files
can be used in client-server networks
requires a direct physical connection between devices
centralized authentication is required

08. Which application layer protocols correctly match a corresponding function? (Choose two.)

DNS dynamically allocates IP addresses to hosts
HTTP transfers data from a web server to a client
POP delivers email from the client to the server email server
SMTP supports file sharing
Telnet provides a virtual connection for remote access

09. Which email components are used to forward mail between servers? (Choose two.)

MDA
IMAP
MTA
POP
SMTP
MUA

10. As compared to SSH, what is the primary disadvantage of telnet?

not widely available
does not support encryption
consumes more network bandwidth
does not support authentication

11. Which statements are correct concerning the role of the MTA in handling email? (Choose three.)

routes email to the MDA on other servers
receives email from the client’s MUA
receives email via the POP3 protocol
passes email to the MDA for final delivery
uses SMTP to route email between servers
delivers email to clients via the POP3 protocol

12. Which two protocols are used to control the transfer of web resources from a web server to a client browser? (Choose two.)

ASP
FTP
HTML
HTTP
HTTPS
IP

13. A small home network has been installed to interconnect three computers together for gaming and file sharing. What two properties represent this network type? (Choose two.)

User accounts are centralized.
Security is difficult to enforce.
Specialized operating system software is required.
File permissions are controlled by a single computer.
A computer that responds to a file sharing request is functioning as a server.

14. Which layer of the OSI model supplies services that allow user to interface with the network?

physical
session
network
presentation
application
transport

15.
Refer to the exhibit. What is the destination port for the communication that is represented on line 5?

80
1261
15533
3912
65520

16. What are two characteristics of peer-to-peer networks? (Choose two.)

scalable
one way data flow
decentralized resources
centralized user accounts
resource sharing without a dedicated server

17. What application layer protocol describes the services that are used for file sharing in Microsoft networks?

DHCP
DNS
SMB
SMTP
Telnet

18. What are two characteristics of clients in data networks? (Choose two.)

use daemons
initiate data exchanges
are repositories of data
may upload data to servers
listen for requests from servers

19. What is the role of the OSI application layer?

provides segmentation of data
provides encryption and conversion of data
provides the interface between the applications on either end of the network
provides control of all the data flowing between the source and destination devices

20. How does the application layer on a server usually process multiple client request for services?

ceases all connections to the service
denies multiple connections to a single daemon
suspends the current connection to allow the new connection
uses support from lower layer functions to distinguish between connections to the service

01. Which statements correctly identify the role of intermediary devices in the network? (Choose three.)

determine pathways for data
initiate data communications
retime and retransmit data signals
originate the flow of data
manage data flows
final termination point for data flow

02. Select the statements that are correct concerning network protocols. (Choose three.)

define the structure of layer specific PDU’s
dictate how to accomplish layer functions
outline the functions necessary for communications between layers
limit the need for hardware compatibility
require layer dependent encapsulations
eliminate standardization among vendors

03. What are two functions of encapsulation? (Choose two.)

tracks delay between end devices
enables consistent network paths for communication
allows modification of the original data before transmission
identifies pieces of data as part of the same communication
ensures that data pieces can be directed to the correct receiving end device

04. What is a primary function of the trailer information added by the data link layer encapsulation?

supports error detection
ensures ordered arrival of data
provides delivery to correct destination
identifies the devices on the local network
assists intermediary devices with processing and path selection

05. Which two layers of the OSI model have the same functions as the TCP/IP model Network Access Layer? (Choose two.)

Network
Transport
Physical
Data Link
Session

06. What is a PDU?

corruption of a frame during transmission
data reassembled at the destination
retransmitted packets due to lost communication
a layer specific encapsulation

07. Which characteristic correctly refers to end devices in a network?

manage data flows
originate data flow
retime and retransmit data signals
determine pathways for data

08.

Refer to the exhibit. “Cell A” at IP address 10.0.0.34 has established an IP session with “IP Phone 1″ at IP address 172.16.1.103. Based upon the graphic, which device type best describes the function of wireless device “Cell A?”

the destination device
an end device
an intermediate device
a media device

09.

Refer to the exhibit. Which three labels correctly identify the network types for the network segments that are shown? (Choose three.)

Network A — WAN
Network B — WAN
Network C — LAN
Network B — MAN
Network C — WAN
Network A – LAN

10. Which three statements best describe a Local Area Network (LAN)? (Choose three.)

A LAN is usually in a single geographical area.
The network is administered by a single organization.
The connection between segments in the LAN is usually through a leased connection.
The security and access control of the network are controlled by a service provider.
A LAN provides network services and access to applications for users within a common organization.
Each end of the network is generally connected to a Telecommunication Service Provider (TSP).

11.

Refer to the exhibit. Which networking term describes the data interleaving process represented in the graphic?

piping
PDU
streaming
multiplexing
encapsulation

12. What is the primary purpose of Layer 4 port assignment?

to identify devices on the local media
to identify the hops between source and destination
to identify to the intermediary devices the best path through the network
to identify the source and destination end devices that are communicating
to identify the processes or services that are communicating within the end devices

13. What device is considered an intermediary device?

file server
IP phone
laptop
printer
switch

14.

Refer to the exhibit. Which term correctly identifies the device type that is included in the area B?

source
end
transfer
intermediary

15.

Refer to the exhibit. What type of network is shown?

WAN
MAN
LAN
WLAN

16. Which layer encapsulates the segment into packets?

physical
data link
network
transport

17. What can be identified by examining the network layer header?

the destination device on the local media
the destination host address
the bits that will be transferred over the media
the source application or process creating the data

18.

Refer to the exhibit. Which set of devices contains only end devices?

A, C, D
B, E, G, H
C, D, G, H, I, J
D, E, F, H, I, J
E, F, H, I, J

19. During the encapsulation process, what occurs at the data link layer?

No address is added.
The logical address is added.
The physical address is added.
The process port number is added.

20. What is the purpose of the TCP/IP Network Access layer?

path determination and packet switching
data presentation
reliability, flow control, and error detection
network media control
the division of segments into packets

21. What is the proper order of the layers of the OSI model from the highest layer to the lowest layer?

physical, network, application, data link, presentation, session, transport
application, physical, session, transport, network, data link, presentation
application, presentation, physical, session, data link, transport, network
application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, physical
presentation, data link, session, transport, network, physical, application

Bahaya Mandi di Air Terjun

2011-12-12T09:45:00.003+08:00

Berkelah bersama keluarga dan insan tersayang memanglah menyeronokkan. Apatah lagi di perkelahan air sejuk dengan suasana yang sejuk nan dingin. Namun, ramai yang tidak menyedari hakikat wujudnya bahaya ketika berkelah di air terjun.

Kalau diikutkan, bahaya memang ada di mana-mana. Tapi kita selaku manusia seharusnya mengambil iktibar dari pelbagai cerita yang berlaku sebelum ini. Sebagai contoh, kepala air adalah satu fenomena peningkatan kuantiti air pada lata @ air terjun yang menyebabkan pengaliran air deras yang akhirnya boleh membawa maut. Kepala air ini bermula akibat takungan air dah aktiviti hujan di hulu sungai.

Apa yang menjadi bahayanya, ia akan membawa bersama apa sahaja bersamanya. Rempuhan air ini lazimnya boleh membawa maut. Apa tidaknya, dengan kayu balak, ranting kayu, kelodak dan apa sahaja, semuanya terkumpul sekali.

Kita tengok dulu video kejadian yang berlaku di India. Betapa bahayanya fenomena kepala air ni.

FYI, dalam tragedi perkelahan keluarga di India ni, 4 orang dibawa arus. 2 maut dan 2 terselamat.

Tanda-tanda awal kejadian kepala air antaranya:

Keadaan langit gelap di bahagian hulu sungai (kawasan puncak bukit) disertai dengan bunyi guruh yang kuat.
Bunyi dentuman gerakan batu-batan atau air dari hulu sungai.
Air sungai berbuih dan meningkat secara tiba-tiba (kelodak, daun reput atau ranting kayu muncul dengan banyak di permukaan air).
Siren amaran berbunyi (di sesetengah tempat sahaja, seperti di kawasan Air Terjun Sekayu)

Iklan Sedih Dari Thailand

2011-12-11T22:53:00.004+08:00

Di Thailand,iklannya mampu menyentuh jiwa rakyatnya melalui produksi iklan yang berkualiti dan berinformasi...

Tertanya, bagaimana pula kualiti iklan kita selepas perginya arwah Yasmin Ahmad.

Sesi Permulaan GKCS

2011-12-09T23:20:00.011+08:00

1st Gathering GKCS

2011-12-09T23:02:00.004+08:00

Ini adalah sorotan dari Gathering Pertama GKCS

Course Mode

2011-12-06T10:24:00.003+08:00

Right now aku sedang dalam CISCO course yang akan ambik masa 15 hari, non-stop!
Apapun, banyak benda yang aku admit aku sik tauk dan aku akan ambil kesempatan tok untuk gain as much as i can untuk lengkapkan ilmu di dada...

Personali GKCS Minggu Ini : Mohd Zul Hazwan

2011-11-30T18:49:00.004+08:00

Seorang Guru di Miri, graduan UNIMAS ini menjadikan Viva Putihnya sebagai mangsa hobi modifikasi VIP beliau. Beliau merupakan ahli yang aktif di dalam JDM Seiketsu, SGFC, Diamond Zeus, PGX, dan VIVAC.

Graduan UNIMAS

Bersama Band K-Pop SGFC

Seorang yang ramah dan dikenali dengan hobi memancingnya melebihi cinta pada gereknya. Apapun, personaliti pertama GKCS minggu ini merupakan "Low-Ballers" yang kental dan "berani-venture" driving dari Kuching-Miri.

Beliau boleh dihubungi di laman Facebook beliau di sini.

Gerakan K-Car Sarawak

2011-11-30T18:23:00.005+08:00

Gerakan K-Car Sarawak (GKCS) telah diwujudkan kira-kira setahun yang lalu. Bermula dengan kecemburuan terhadap K-Car movement di Sabah dan Semenanjung Malaysia, ianya secara tidak rasminya bermula dari Mini T-T PGX. Antara muka awal yang menubuhkan GKCS adalah dirahsiakan kerana tiada istilah GKCS dimiliki oleh sesiapa. GKCS adalah milik pengguna K-Car Sarawak.

Sebermulanya GKCS tidak mendapat respons yang agak baik kerana ramai yang tidak mengetahui fungsi sebenar GKCS ini ditubuhkan. GKCS menyatukan semua pengguna K-Car di seluruh Sarawak tanpa mengambil kira identiti kelab dan fahaman modifikasi.

Pada asalnya wujud kekecohan akibat salah faham tentang GKCS dimana ianya bukanlah berkiblatkan JDM semata-mata tetapi lebih menumpukan kepada semua jenis K-Car walaupun ianya masih dalam kategori "Showroom Spec". Akan tetapi kini ianya semakin diterima dan uniknya GKCS, menerima semua pengguna K-Car.

Dari MDM, JDM, USDM, VIP, EuroStyle malahan jenis-jenis modifikasi yang lain, GKCS kini telah menjadi medan rujukan dan tempat berurusniaga barangan K-Car. Apa yang baiknya, pengguna K-Car di Sarawak kini boleh menjadikan GKCS sebagai platform rujukan kepada semua pengguna K-Car Sarawak.

Penulis sendiri, setelah kewujudan GKCS, pernah mengalami masalah kerosakan jentera kecil di Serian pada malam Aidilfitri, tetapi syukurlah ada GKCS, rakan di Serian pada ketika itu turun membantu. Inilah yang dimahukan dalam GKCS.

Jalanraya Pan-Borneo merangkumi perjalanan hampir 800 km dan sepanjang perjalanan itu, mungkin banyak yang tidak mustahil berlaku kepada kita. Justeru, kenalan di GKCS mampu memberikan pertolongan dan nasihat seandainya timbul masalah sepanjang perjalanan.

Dengan demografi dan geografi Sarawak yang unik, GKCS diharapkan akan terus bersinar dan usaha memastikan ianya terus utuh akan diteruskan.

Untuk Negeri Ini Tanpa Emosi - UNITE

~End of Part 1

Sri Aman - Lidong Road

2011-11-30T11:05:00.003+08:00

SRI AMAN, Jumaat (26 Ogos) – Pelan pembinaan jalan raya yang menghubungkan Sri Aman ke Lidong, Betong akan terus dikemukakan kepada kerajaan bagi tujuan kelulusan bawah Rancangan Malaysia Kesepuluh (RMK10) selepas ini.

Ahli Parlimen Sri Aman, Masir Kujat berkata demikian ketika ditemui pemberita sebaik sahaja merasmikan Kempen Keselamatan Jalan Raya sempena sambutan perayaan Hari Raya Aidilfitri di persimpangan Temudok, Sri Aman hari ini.

Pelan yang menyaksikan pembinaan jalan raya dari seberang Taman Tebingan Sungai Batang Lupar Sri Aman menuju ke Lidong, Betong itu telah pun dilakukan oleh Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) sebelum ini.

“Jika pelan ini tidak diluluskan dalam peringkat Fasa Pertama (First Rolling Plan) maka saya akan ketengahkannya semula kepada kerajaan dalam fasa seterusnya di bawah RMK10 terbabit.

“Pelan pembinaan jalan raya yang menghubungkan Sri Aman – Lidong, Betong ini dianggarkan akan menelan kos bernilai RM30 hingga 50 juta sekiranya ia diluluskan kelak,” menurut beliau.

Selain itu kerajaan kata Masir juga akan mengemukakan pelan memperbesarkan jalan sepanjang sembilan kilometer yang menghubungkan kawasan Temudok menuju ke pusat Bandar Sri Aman selepas ini.

Usaha ini menurut beliau telah dilakukan demi menaiktaraf hidup rakyat di kawasan Parlimen Sri Aman disamping memajukan hidup mereka dari segi sosial dan ekonomi pada masa akan datang.

“Justeru saya berharap agar rakyat terus menyokong penuh kerajaan Barisan Nasional (BN) dalam merancang dan melaksanakan pelbagai projek pembangunan di kawasan Sri Aman dari masa ke semasa,” katanya.

Hadir sama ialah Residen Sri Aman, Johnathan Lugoh, Timbalan Residen Sri Aman, Felicia Tan, Pegawai Penerangan Bahagian Sri Aman / Betong, Saini Bojeng, Ketua Polis Daerah Sri Aman, DSP Mat Jusoh Muhammad, Setiausaha Majlis Daerah Sri Aman, Nelson Mujah Girie dan pegawai kerajaan di sini.

Terdahulu Masir bersama tetamu khas telah menyampaikan beg mengandungi risalah keselamatan kepada pengguna kenderaan yang melalui kawasan persimpangan Temudok bermula jam 10.45 pagi hari ini.

Artikel from Sri Aman News

Jalan Cadangan Sri Aman - Lidong

Actualy,jalan tok akan mempercepatkan perjalanan dari Sri Aman ke Betong.. Harap jadi kenyataan. Mun di diat dari google map, jarak perjalanan agak berliku sedangkan jarak sebenarnya adalah dekat.

Aku Nektok

2011-11-29T18:22:00.004+08:00

Buat yang lamak sik bukak blog or baru jak tauk wujud blog tok.. Sepintas lalu..

My Online Business

Big Family Raya Lepas

My Family Raya Lepas... 4 years without ayah

Me, myself at GIATMARA

Masih mengharap sinarnya

My New Commitment and Project

K-Car Sarawak

My Car Right Now

Lost

2011-11-29T17:33:00.002+08:00

Kaget, apatah lagi saat penghijrahan seorang insan dari keadaan yang buruk kepada yang lebih baik disulami dengan kehadiran teman yang langsung tidak menyokong ke arah perubahan.

Solat adalah salah satu bentuk simple order yang Allah berikan pada manusia dan adakalanya aku lemah dan kecewa dengan persekitaran yang nampaknya adalah satu bentuk gameplan syaitan yang menegahku dari bersujud kepada Allah. Nampaknya blog aku mungkin akan menjadi satu luahan rasa sebab sememangnya itulah yang ada pada diriku. Aku terima seadanya.

Aku sering alpa dengan apa yang dah tuhan berikan. Aku pintar berkata-kata tapi hakikatnya adakalanya ianya satu cerminan berjenama hipokrit yang memotretkan kemuliaan diriku berlapikkan bahasa indah. Aku sedar betapa aku sememangnya perlukan peringatan dan peringatan itulah yang sentiasa tenggelam saat aku cuba untuk bangkit semula.

Bangkit dari kejatuhan dan menerima segala bentuk ujian dari Allah kini adalah lebih baik dari bangkit berbaris menanti timbangan al-Mizan di alam akhirat. Aku tanya padaku sendiri. Aku bukan yang terbaik untuk diriku sendiri.

Siti Yang Harus Dijadikan Contoh

2011-11-24T18:56:00.000+08:00

Diantara siti yang harus dijadikan contoh oleh semua wanita ^^

1) Siti Khadijah

- Beliau merupakan isteri Rasulullah s.a.w yg melahirkan anak2 Rasulullah, setia dan menyokong Rasulullah walaupun ditentang hebat oleh org2 kafir dan musyrik, menghantarkan makanan kpd Baginda ketika Baginda beribadat di Gua Hira'.

2) Siti Fatimah

- Anak Rasulullah yg tinggi budi pekertinya. Sangat kasih dan setia kpd suaminya Ali karamallahu wajhah walaupun Ali miskin. Tidur berkongsikan 1 bantal dan kdg2 berbantalkan lengan Ali. Rasulullah pernah b'kata aku takkan maafkan kamu wahai Fatimah sehinggalah Ali maafkan kamu.

3) Siti Aishah

- Beliau isteri Rasulullah yg paling romantik. Sanggup berkongsi bekas makanan dan minuman dgn Rasulullah. Di mana Nabi s.a.w minum di situ beliau akan minum menggunakan bekas yg sama.

4) Siti Hajar

- Isteri Nabi Ibrahim yg patuh kpd suami dan suruhan Allah. Sanggup ditinggalkan oleh Nabi Ibrahim atas suruhan Allah demi kebaikan. Berjuang mencari air utk anaknya Nabi Ismail (Pengorbanan seorg ibu mithali).

5) Siti Mariam

- Wanita suci yg mmg pandai menjaga kehormatan diri dan mempunyai maruah yg tinggi sehingga rahimnya dipilih oh Allah s.w.t utk mengandungkan Nabi Isa.

6) Siti Asiah

- Isteri Firaun yg tinggi imannya dan tidak gentar dgn ujian yg dihadapinya drpd Firaun Laknatullah.

7) Siti Aminah

- Wanita mulia yg menjadi ibu kandung Rasullullah. Mendidik baginda menjadi insan mulia.

8) Siti Muti'ah

- Isteri yg patut dicontohi dan dijanjikan Allah syurga untuknya kerana setianya kpd suami, menjaga makan minum, menyediakan tongkat utk dipukul oleh suaminya sekiranya layanannya tidak memuaskan hati, berhias dgn cantik utk tatapan suaminya sahaja.

9 ) Siti Zubaidah

- Wanita kaya dermawan yg menjadi isteri Khalifah Harun Al-Rashid. Sanggup membelanjakan semua hartanya utk membina terusan utk kegunaan org ramai hanya niat kerana Allah s.w.t.

* 9 Siti ini adalah petikan Ustazah Siti Norbahyah Mahmood dlm rancangan Halaqah TV9 bertajuk 'SITI IMPIAN'.

Sultan Sarawak, Sambas & Pontianak

2011-11-24T11:11:00.001+08:00

Tidak ramai menyedari, Negeri Sarawak yang terletak di Malaysia Timur sebenarnya pernah memiliki sultan. Sultan yang pertama dan terakhir bagi negeri ini merupakan keturunan dari keluarga di-Raja Brunei.

Menurut ceritanya, Sultan Muhamad Hasan, (sultan Brunei ke-9) yang mangkat pada tahun 1598 telah mewariskan tahta kerajaannya kepada putera sulung baginda, Sultan Abdul Jalilul Akbar. Bagaimanapun, putera kedua, Pengiran Muda Tengah mendakwa beliau lebih layak menaiki tahta kerajaan kerana diputerakan semasa ayahndanya telah dinobatkan menjadi sultan berbanding kandanya yang dilahirkan sebelum sultan Brunei ke-9 itu ditabalkan.

Menyedari tuntutan itu, Sultan Abdul Jalilul Akbar membuat muslihat dengan merajakan adindanya, Pengiran Muda Tengah di sebuah negeri yang menjadi naungan Brunei. Pengiran Muda Tengah pun menjunjung titah. Semenjak itu, jadilah baginda sebagai sultan Sarawak yang pertama dengan gelaran Sultan Tengah dan bersemayam di Santubung, Bagindalah satu-satunya sultan di Sarawak.

Setelah lama berdiam di Sarawak, Sultan Tengah tertawan hati mengahwini Puteri Surya Kesuma iaitu adik sultan Sukadana (sebuah daerah di Jawa), Perkahwinan ini telah mengeratkan lagi hubungan Brunei – Sarawak – Sukadana. Perkongsian hidup mereka akhirnya dikurniakan seorang anak iaitu Radin Sulaiman. Radin Sulaiman kemudiannya dirajakan oleh sultan Brunei di Sambas (ketika itu, Sambas berada dibawah naungan Brunei). Radin Sulaiman memakai gelaran Sultan Muhammad Syaifuddin I.

Setelah beberapa lama menjadi sultan Sambas, Radin Sulaiman menitahkan Puteranya Radin Bima melawat saudara-mara di Sukadana. Di sana, Beliau dikahwinkan oleh sultan Sukadana ketika itu, Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin dengan adinda bongsunya Puteri Indera Kesuma. Dalam masa yang sama, Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin, mengahwinkan puterinya Ratu Agong Senuhon dengan kerabat di-raja Bugis Opu Daeng Menambun. Puteri baginda dikurniakan anak perempuan, Utin Chendra Midi

Dalam pada itu, Seorang pendakwah Arab yang datang berdakwah ke Matan (sebuah daerah di Kalimantan Barat) dikahwinkan oleh sultan Matan dengan puterinya Puteri Nyai Tua. Pasangan itu dikurniakan beberapa orang anak termasuklah Sultan Syarif Abdul Rahman yang berkahwin dengan Utin Chendra Midi.

Sultan Syarif Abdul Rahman bersama isteri serta pengikut akhirnya meninggalkan Matan menuju Mempawah, menuju Sungai Kapuas sehingga bermalam di satu tempat bernama Pulau Bawa Layang. Di kawasan itu, Baginda bersama pengikutnya diganggu mahluk halus yang dikenali masyarakat setempat sebagai pontianak (kuntilanak). Dengan keimanan dan ilmu yang tinggi akhirnya gangguan itu dapat dihindar. Dengan kejayaan itu, baginda percaya Pulau Bawa Layang bakal mahsyur dan terkenal sebagai kota perdagangan dan pelabuhan di Nusantara. Akhirnya Sultan Syarif Abdul Rahman dirajakan di situ dan menamakan tempat itu sebagai Pontianak hinggalah kekal nama itu hingga hari ini.

Sumber: Jabatan Pusat Sejarah, Negara Brunei Darussalam

Rasa Dikhianati

2011-09-16T15:12:00.002+08:00

Tajuk tok sekda kenak mengenak dengan dunia pekerjaan tetapi menjurus kepada dunia perniagaan keluarga. Sejak ayah meninggal dolok, macam-macam dugaan yang menimpa keluarga mek urang. Mujurlah semuanya dikurniakan ilmu pengetahuan.

Stret tu da poin... Warisan ayah, syarikat binaan konkrit akhirnya ditutup bukan kerana bankrup tetapi kerana pekerja yang sik jujur dan sik amanah. Nya diberik amanah oleh ayah untuk bangunkan syarikat tapi at the same time nya polah jualan haram. Yang paling menyakitkan hati, sampey ke napor kubur dan batu nesan pun nya polah jualan haram.

Dalam berbulan yang lepas, mek urang ke kubur ziarah pusara ayah. Terkejut bila diat banyak gilak batu nesan yang baru di sia. Bukan lah maksudnya terkejut tangga orang byk mati tapi dari siney sidak oleh batu nisan ya mun sik dari kilang mek urang. Bertitik tolak dari ya, mek urang teringat ada pembuatan plet nama tembaga dengan format yang sama di Saratok. Jelas dan yakin orang ya khianat keluarga mek urang dari belakang.

Hampir 3 tahun nya kerja tanpa sebarang jualan pulang ke mek urang. Gaji tiap bulan sik pernah kurang dari RM1k. Last-last mak divert nya untuk jaga ladang. Di ladang pun sama, sekda nya polah apa-apa sampey hasilan sawit just 1/2 tan sebulan. Sik gila apa macam ya.

Orang kiri kanan rupanya semua dah tauk perbuatan si folan tok. Walaupun nya kazen mak aku sekalipun nya sik lah boleh polah macam ya. Mun tauk dari awal, sik buang duit mayar nya cemya. Salah satu dari puncanya ialah nya MAIN NOMBOR!!! Macam sial jak rasa bila kenak palat macam ya. Well mungkin nya fikir mak sik akan buang nya sebab mak mungkin bergantung harap ngan nya. Hmmm... Bayar gajinya bulan-bulan pun mun sekda hasil apa guna. Suruh baja, baja kali dijual. Molah tiang dalam kertas, tiang sik juak bertambah-tambah.

Alhamdulillah, mak dah berhentikannya tok dan dalam masa yang sama nak madah mek urang sik besadik ngan nya. Adios.

Dugaan

2011-09-16T05:55:00.002+08:00

Bertemu lagi dalam entri kali ini. Dugaan. Well, blogging kali tok, aku rasa akan luahkan apa yang terpendam sekian lama di dalam hati dan sanubari aku.

Time nait kereta dengan seorang hamba Allah marek, aku menceritakan tentang matlamat dan impian ku. Tapi satu jawapan yang betul-betul berik inspiration and make me think about semua yang berlaku tok, Allah belum berik rezeki.

"Mungkin Allah belum beri Rezeki kat Azha. Allah tahan rezeki tu macam air yang dikandang di sungai, walaupun hujan turun, air masih lagi di kandang. Satu hari nanti bila kandang tu dah dibuka, air akan mengalir tak berhenti-henti. Macam tu jugak rezeki yang Allah akan beri."

Speechless and buat aku kaget

Hmm, bulan tok jak macam-macam dugaan menimpa. Kereta aku polah hal, mintak operation. Melayang hampir RM2k. Mungkin banyak yang tersangkut pada aku sampey tuhan tarik rezeki aku kedak ya.

Dalam masa yang sama, proses PnP di GIATMARA pun tertunda sebab perpindahan. "Aku akan berpindah!" Yes!!! Sebenarnya pindah yang dimaksudkan adalah pindah ke bangunan baru. Harapnya di bangunan baru, semangat akan terbina semula. Perjalanan VTO dan GCPA pun aku perlu setelkan juga.

Hmmm... Harapnya bulan tok rezeki aku akan terus tiba dan mampu menjadikan aku seorang yang lebih berinspirasi... Adios.

Wassalam

Malas ku (Bahasa Omputeh)

2011-09-15T22:17:00.002+08:00

It's hard to believe that sometimes you'll find yourself as lazy person. In the same time u will look inside yourself and realize that there's a minor change in ur life make u feel very lazy.

Lazy. Malas or many more in other language and dialect.

Actually I'm not intend to be lazy but the environment around me that push me hard.

10 Stesen Bawah Tanah Terindah di Dunia

2011-06-16T20:00:00.001+08:00

Stockholm Tunnelbana, Sweden
Sistem bawah tanah di Sweden ini mempunyai kira-kira 100 stesen dan hampir semuanya itu dihiasi dengan seni hasil karya dari 140 artis. Stesen ini dikenali sebagai galeri seni yang terpanjang di dunia.

Munich U-bahn, Munich, Jerman
Mulai beroperasi pada tahun 1972 dan sejak itu berkembang pesat. Stesen bawah tanah ini menghubungkan 98 destinasi di bandar Munich.

Bilbao Metro, Sepanyol
Stesen bawah tanah ini adalah ke empat yang di bina di Sepanyol dan merupakan ketiga terbesar di negara tersebut. Pada tahun 2009, stesen ini telah digunakan oleh 87 juta orang.

Shanghai Bund Sightseeing Tunnel, China
Sebenarnya ini bukanlah stetesen bawah tanah tetapi terowong sepanjang 647 meter yang menghubungkan para penumpang.

Metro Station, Dubai
Stesen Dubai ini adalah yang terbaru di dunia dan baru mula beroperasi pada bulan September 2009.

Tokyo - Iidabashi Station, Jepun
Stesen ini adalah stesen yang teramai di dunia dan juga terkenal dengan arkitekturnya yang sangat menarik. Stesen bawah tanah ini dibina pada tahun 2000.

Prague Line A, Cekoslowakia
Rekabentuk stesen bawah tanah ini sangat menarik dengan warna warninya

Komsomolskaya Station, Moscow
Stesen Moscow ini sungguh indah dan sangat artistik, dibina pada tahun 1930 stesen ini penuh dengan karya seni yang dibuat menggunakan tangan.

Toronto - Museum Station, Kanada
Stetesen bawah tanah ini menyerupai museum yang bertemakan peradaban Mesir.

Drassanes Station, Barcelona, Sepanyol

chrocodile.co

DIY : Cuci Kereta

2011-06-16T09:55:00.017+08:00

Ramai di antara kita lebih rela membiarkan wang dihabiskan ke kedai cuci kereta kerana MALAS. Apapun, sebenarnya mencuci sendiri lebih baik dan bersih. Kenapa?

Walaupun cucian di kedai nampak bersih, sebenarnya bahagian yang kotor tidak kelihatan apabila di lap apabila tamat cucian.
Mencuci sendiri, kita akan lebih rapi ke bahagian kecil yang sering terlepas. Yelah kan, harta sendiri dengan harta orang, faham-faham je lah.

Okey, sebenarnya mencuci kereta ni bukanlah susah sepertimana yang kita fikirkan. Kalau nak lebih best, niat untuk senaman sebab cuci kereta ni boleh mengeluarkan peluh yang banyak. Dari segi kos, lebih berbaloi dari cucian kedai sebab jumlah yang dibayar untuk cucian kedai ni, bila dua kali cuci dan sama dengan sebotol cecair pencuci kereta.

Pilihan Cecair Pencuci

Lazimnya dijual di pasaraya. Ada pendapat mengatakan bahawa pencuci pinggan mangkuk pun bertindak sama seperti pencuci kereta. Saya amat menyangggal tanggapan ini kerana pinggan mangkuk tidak mempunyai cat dan direka untuk kaca dan seramik. Untuk pengguna yang sayangkan kereta, penggunaan pencuci pinggan mangkuk sebenarnya menyebabkan cat kelihatan pudar. Satu lagi yang perlu dielakkan sangat-sangat adalah penggunaan serbuk cucian pakaian untuk mencuci kereta. Cucilah kalau nak sangat cuba, anda akan lihat warna kereta anda akan semakin pudar.

Walaupun mahal tapi berbaloi

Bukan untuk mempromosi cecair pencuci kereta, tetapi pilihlah yang berjenama supaya kualiti cat kenderaan anda di tahap yang baik. Memang banyak botol berisi pencuci kenderaan dijual sekadar dengan melekat sticker kereta, tetapi apakah jaminan ianya pencuci yang sebenar? Saya sendiri dahulunya memang gemar menggunakan Sunlight untuk cucian kereta tetapi apa yang saya lihat, kesan jangka masa panjang ke atas kualiti cat amatlah berbeza. Berbalik kepada pencuci murah yang sering dijual di kedai murah, Buy at Your Own Risk.

Terdapat pelbagai jenis pencuci kenderaan, sekiranya ingin kesan yang lebih menarik, belilah yang disertakan pengilat sekali (Wash & Wax).

Span & Kain

Penggunaan span & kain memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan cucian yang berkualiti. Pilihlah span yang mampu menyerap buih dan air untuk cucian yang lebih. Kain juga perlu untuk bahagian tertentu. Jangan gunakan span & kain ini untuk tujuan lain.

Peringkat Cucian Kereta

Mula mencuci dengan memancut air ke seluruh bahagian kereta. Ambil purata 2 minit sehingga ke bahagian dalam tayar. Pengunaan water jet lebih efektif jikalau ada. Elakkan mencuci dibawah terik mentari kerana sabun akan cepat kering dan menghasilkan kesan tidak baik pada kereta. Ini adalah kerana air yang berada di permukaan kenderaan akan bertindak sebagai kanta kepada matahari. Sabun yang kering akan melekatkan bahan kimia pada permukaan kenderaan.

Pastikan cermin dan pintu tertutup rapat dan elakkan tinggalkan kunci dalam kenderaan.

Mula mencuci pada bahagian bumbung.
Kemudian teruskan pada bahagian cermin dan pillar. Buat pusingan 360 darjah untuk aktiviti ini.
Seterusnya ke bahagian atas pintu kiri dan kanan termasuklah bonet depan dan belakang.
Teruskan dengan bumper depan dan belakang.
Kemudian, bahagian bawah pintu dan skirt.
Cucian tayar dan rim.

Apakah rasionalnya langkah ini? Adalah salah mencuci dari bawah ke atas kerana dikhuatiri pasir dan batu yang melekat akan mencalarkan permukaan kenderaan. Lazimnya kotoran akan lebih banyak dibahagian bawah. Jadi mencuci dari atas akan secara tidak langsung menyebabkan sabun akan turun ke bawah dan dalam masa yang sama menyingkirkan pasir walaupun telah dipancutkan dengan air pada awal cucian. Secara logiknya, air cucian akan lebih mengandungi pasir di akhir cucian.

Semasa membersih, ulangi 2-3 kali di satu-satu bahagian untuk hasilan yang lebih bersih. Gunakan hujung jari untuk menekan di lekuk-lekuk bahagian kereta.

Di bahagian tayar, gunakan berus untuk menggosok tayar yang mungkin diselaputi dengan debu dari pad brek. Ketelitian harus di berikan untuk cucian pada rim terutama rim sport ataupun VIP. Untuk yang rajin, anda boleh mencuci bahagian dalam rim sekali.

Selesai mencuci, jirus dengan air sehingga tiada lagi sabun di permukaan kenderaan anda. Elakkan menjemur di panas.

Proses mengelap.

Ramai mungkin tertawa dengan saranan ini tetapi saya menggunakan tuala yang menyerap air untuk mengelap air selepas cucian. Tuala digunakan untuk menyerap air dan diteruskan dengan mengelap menggunakan kain serapan. Kain ini akan keras sekiranya kering. Untuk bahagian cermin, amalakan mengelap menggunakan surat khabar kerana ianya pasti akan lebih berkilat. Elakkan menggunakan kain berbulu untuk proses mengelap. Sekiranya mempunyai vakum dan blower, blow kan angin untuk menyingkirkan air dari permukaan kenderaan.

Teruskan mengelap sehingga selesai. Seperti mencuci, mulakan dari bahagian atas.

Proses mengilat tayar dan bahagian plastik berwarna gelap.

Menggilap tayar amatlah penting kerana tayar yang kelihatan hitam berkilat, akan menyerlahkan lagi imej kereta kita. Penggilap tayar banyak dijual di pasaran. Pastikan tayar dikeringkan dengan mengelap menggunakan kain. Kemudian, sapu bahagian kenderaan dengan penggilap tayar. Setelah selesai 4 tayar, lepaskan handbrake dan tolak sedikit kereta ke hadapan dan sambung sapun di ke empat-empat tayar untuk bahagian yang belum disapu.

Bahagian palstik berwarna gelap juga boleh digilap terutamanya bumper. Elakkan terkena bahagian bercat kerana akan menghasilkan kesan kotor.

Menggilap Rim

Terdapat penggilap rim khas untuk rim krom dan besi. Penjagaan rim penting untuk mengelakkan ianya diselaputi debu dari brek kenderaan. Rim yang bersih, kenderaan pasti lebih menarik.

Pembersihan Dalaman

Membersih dalaman kenderaan adalah perkara yang leceh. Tetapi, seperti rumah, dalaman kenderaan mencerminkan keperibadian pemilik kenderaan tersebut. Lazimnya debu di dashboard dan meter akan dilap terlebih dahulu. Sebelum semua itu berlaku, karpet dan getah akan dikeluarkan. Hempas karpet pada dinding atau tiang untuk membuang debu. Bagi saya, setiap sebulan karpet tersebut saya akan cuci di dalam mesin cuci di rumah. Getah pelapik pula gosokkan dengan berus bersama baki sabun pencuci tadi. Setelah selesai, jemur keduanya di bawah sinaran matahari. Dalam pada masa yang sama, gunakan vakum untuk membersihkan lantai kenderaan. Celahan kerusi juga menyumbang kepada pengumpulan debu.

Cuba tepuk kerusi kereta anda, pasti banyak debu akan terbang keluar. Sebaiknya, kalau rajin, bukak kerusi, jemur dibawah matahari dan tepuk sampai debu tersebut keluar. Gunakan penggilap dalaman untuk menggilap dashboard, panel pintu dan bahagian di dalam kenderaan. Penggunaan pencuci cermin pula digunakan pada rear mirror, meter, cermin dan unit audio.

Dalam pada masa yang sama, update pewangi di dalam kenderaan dan kalau nak jimat, beli cecair spray dan refill pada air-freshener pada kereta. Buang sampah dan keluarkan barang yang sepatutnya tidak berada dalam kenderaan. (ie : Stokin, Kasut Sukan etc)

Selepas selesai, lap tepi pintu dan tepian panel dan bahagian kecil seperti speaker, gear lever, handbrake, suis dan lain-lain.

Tips-tips Wax Kenderaan

Tips Untuk Polish Kereta Cara Jimat

Rahsianya ialah menggunakan pelembut pakaian sebagai bahan aktif membasuh dan membuatkan kereta kilat bersinar-sinar. Jangan gunakan peluntur pulak ehh ....

Cara-caranya ialah:

1. Bilas kereta anda dengan air bersih.

2. Cuci dengan bersih segala kotoran, pastikan span atau kain yang digunakan bersih dan sentiasa diperah tiap kali membersihkan bahagian yang cela dengan kekotoran.

3. Sediakan separuh baldi air dan bancuhkan dengan sepenutup penuh pelembut pakaiaan.

4. Larutan tadi anda boleh lap dengan kain atau disemburkan dengan pam pemyembur pada seluruh body kereta anda.

5. Biarkan larutan itu seketika pada badan kereta anda. Pada masa ini anda akan dapat melihat kesan serta merta larutan itu terhadap air yang melekat pada body kereta. Air yang melekat akan serta-merta menjadi bintik-bintik dan akhirnya mengalir turun.

6. Jangan tunggu kering baru lap.... tetapi lap dengan kain lembab dengan larutan tadi sehingga kering.

7. Dengan cara ini... anda seolah olah telah mempolish kereta anda. Anda boleh ulang berkali-kali proses (4)~(6) pada bila-bila masa.

Larutan itu juga anda boleh masukkan ke dalam tangki pengelap cermin supaya cermin anda seperti mencurah air di daun keladi.

Kebaikan guna larutan ini ialah ia tidak mengaratkan logam (baik untuk body kereta dan pemancut cecair cermin) malah menghalang pengaratan kerana benda ini selamat pada mesin basuh anda.

Kekosongan Jawatan Tenaga Pengajar Solekan & Terapi Kecantikan

2011-06-15T09:11:00.001+08:00

Sila hubungi GM Sri Aman, untuk makluman segera.

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